Bi 3: Diode

Bai 3 :
DIODE
I.THIET B S DUNG:
- Cac loai Diode.
II.MUC TIEU:
- Nhan dang, o th Diode.
- Khao sat hoat ong cua Diode.
III.NOI DUNG:
3.1 Cong dung:
- Dung e chuyen oi ien xoay chieu AC thanh ien mot chieu DC (nan ien
hay chnh lu).
- On nh ien ap.
- Han bien tn hieu (tranh c nhieu).
- Tach tn hieu ra khoi song mang cao tan.
- Chon cong hng ai.
3.2
Phan loai - ky hieu hnh dang :
3.2.1 Diode nan ien:
Ky hieu:

Diode nan ien ch hoat ong dan dong ien t cc P (anot) sang cc N (catot)
khi va ch khi ien ap cc P ln hn ien ap cc N (V P>VN) tc UPN> 0, goi la
phan cc thuan cua diode. Khi at vao 2 au P-N cua diode gia tr ien the phan
cc ngc lai tc UPN<0 (VP<VN) th diode khong dan ien. Neu ap phan cc
ngc nay vt qua kha nang chu ng cua diode se lam hong diode (b thong
chap, anh thung). V vay khi thay the, lap rap cac mach ta phai nh lu y 2 thong
so c ban la: ap ngc va dong tai.
Hnh dang nh hnh ve: cc N eu co vach sn anh dau hoac dau cham. oi
vi loai diode nan dong AC tan so thap th vach sn anh dau a so eu co mau
trang, con loai nan dong AC ot bien (xung) th vong sn anh dau co mau o,
vang, xanh l.

22

Bi 3: Diode

Loai tch hp cha 2 hoac 4 diode chung mot vo:

a) Loai 2 diode

b) Loai 4 diode (cau diode)

Loai cong suat ln

(chay dong cao):
Loai nay thng
gap khu vc nguon
cap co cong suat ln
hn 5KVA, trong cac
thiet b nguon
d phong. Do hoat ong vi dong cao nen rat mau nong v vay vo cua chung lam
bang kim loai e bat giai nhiet ra sn may.
Hnh dang th te:

3.2.2 Diode on ap ( diode Zener):

Ky hieu:

A
K ong che o phan cc ngc, tc UPN<0
Diode on ap hoat
(VP<VN). Khi s dung e lap rap thay the phai chu y ien ap Zener va dong tai.

23

Bi 3: Diode

c che tao thng bang thuy tinh trong, sn o hoac bac, vong sn anh dau
mau en.

Hnh dang thc te:

3.2.3 Diode bien dung (diode varicable):

Ky hieu:

Diode bien dung co tac dung nh linh kien tu bien oi, nham tao ra ien dung
bien oi. Chung luon hoat ong che o phan cc ngc, thng gap khu vc
dao ong cao tan.
3.2.4 Diode phat sang (LED):
Ky hieu:

Hnh dang thc te:

Khi at vao 2 au PN ap phan cc thuan cua LED, LED se phat sang. Chung
c ng dung nhieu nh ch bao mc am thanh thng gap cac am ly cassette,
bao co m nguon. Cc P thng noi vi chan dai, cc N noi vi chan ngan.
3.2.5 Diode thu sang:
Ky hieu:

24

Bi 3: Diode

Khi at ap phan cc thuan vao 2 au PN va co anh sang roi vao mi lam diode
dan, tuy cng o anh sang manh yeu roi vao se lam diode dan manh yeu tng
ng.
3.2
Cach kiem tra h hong:
Thc te khi s dung diode thng gap cac h hong sau:
- Diode b t moi noi P-N: do lam viec qua cong suat (qua dong), do xung
nhon ot bien lam hong moi noi.
- Diode b thung moi noi P-N (con goi la cham, noi tat): do lam viec qua ap.
e kiem tra diode tot xau: van ong ho VOM thang o Rx1 (hoac Rx10), ta
tien hanh o 2 lan co ao chieu que o.
- Neu quan sat thay mot lan len het kim va mot lan kim khong len: diode con
tot.
- Neu kim ong ho mot lan len het kim va mot lan len khoang 1/3 vach chia:
diode b r.
- Neu kim ong ho len mut kim ca 2 lan o: diode b anh thung.
- Neu kim khong len ca hai lan o: diode b t.
oi vi Led th khi que en P que o N th Led se phat sang.
oi vi diode quang khi o nh a ra ngoai anh sang hoac roi sang vao th mi
u ieu kien e no hoat ong.
IV.CAC BAI THC TAP
4.1 Thc hanh nhan dang va o th cac loai diode.
4.2 Khao sat hoat ong cua diode.
- Mac mach nh hnh 4.1.
- Thay oi ien ap au vao va o cac thong so, ghi vao bang gia tr.

A
Uin

R
0.5/1W

V
Hnh 4.1: khao sat diode.

Bang 4.1: khao sat Diode

Uin(V) -12
-6
0
Ud(V)
Id(mA)

0.1

0.2

25

0.5

0.8

1.5

Bi 3: Diode

Ve o th V-A.

Nhan xet:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.3 ng dung cua diode.
4.3.1.Khao sat mach chnh lu ban ky:
- Rap mach nh hnh ve.
D

a
Vi

VAC

VO

R1

- Khi cha mac tu, thay oi lan lt Ui va o Uo ghi vao bang 4.2:
Bang 4.2:
Ui(V)
3
6
9
12
18
Uo(V)
k = Uo/Ui
Bang 4.3:
Ui(V)
Uo(V)
k = Uo/Ui
Uo(C=220)
Uo(C=470)
Uo(C=1000)
Uo(C=2200)

26

12

18

24

24

Bi 3: Diode

Mac cac tu ien vi cac gia tr khac nhau va lap lai cac bc o tren (khi
mac tu phai chu y en cc tnh).
Nhan xet ket qua bang 4.2 va bang 4.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.3.2. Mach chnh lu toan ky 2 diode:
- Mac mach nh hnh ve:
1

6V5
0V
6

D1

D2
4

1K

6V

o cac ien the

Khong ta: VC1 =
VC2 =
VC3 =
Co tai:
VC1 =
VC2 =
VC3 =
Nhan xet.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.3.3.Khao sat mach chnh lu toan ky:
Cac bc tien hanh nh khao sat mach chnh lu ban ky.
S o mach
+VDC

220VAC

VAC

R
560
C
2200F/25V

led
GND

Nhan xet
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

27

Bi 3: Diode

4.3.4. Mach chnh lu nhan 2 ien ap:

Rap mach theo s o sau:
D1

6VAC

C1

D2

1000uF
100/0.5W

C3

C2

2200uF

1000uF

6V
5
0V
6

o cac ien the

Khong tai: VC1 =
VC2 =
VC3 =
Co tai:
VC1 =
VC2 =
VC3 =
Nhan xet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.3.5. Nguon lng cc oi xng:
4

6V

+ Vdc

2
100/0.5W

1000uF

0
100/0.5W
1000uF

Mac mach nh hnh tren.

o ien the
VDC (+) =

- Vdc

VDC (-) =

Nhan xet:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28

Bi 3: Diode

4.3.6. Mach on ap ieu chnh c (Dung ICLM317) theo hnh sau ay:
LM317
3

VIN

VOUT
ADJ

HI

R1
120

HI

D1
1N4002

Vin

C1
C3
1

0,1

Vout

VR
C2

10K

10
LO

LO

Tnh ap ra Uo = 1,25(1+ VR/120)=

- Cap nguon vao Vin = 30V, chnh bien tr tm Vomin =
va Vomax=
Nhan xet.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

29