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PHN A: BENZEN V NG NG
I. CU TO, NG NG, NG PHN V DANH PHP 1. Cu to ca phn t benzen 2. ng ng 3. ng phn v danh php II. TNH CHT VT L III. TNH CHT HA HC
Tip theo
Bi tp
Hy cho bit no ng, no sai:
a) Benzen l mt hirocacbon khng no ? b) Benzen l mt hirocacbon thm ? d) benzen 6 lin kt C-C u nh nhau ? e) xiclohexan 6C to thnh mt lc gic u ? ng! ng!
ng! Sai!
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1. CU TO PHN T BENZEN
M hnh rng
M hnh c
Benzen c cng thc phn t l C6H6 trong : - 6 nguyn t C trong phn t benzen to thnh 1 lc gic u. - C 6 nguyn t C v 6 nguyn t H cng nm trn 1 mt phng . - Cc gc ho tr u bng 1200.
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2. NG NG
QUAN ST CC V D SAU: CH3 H CH2-CH3
CH2-CH2-CH3 Khi thay th cc nguyn t H trong phn t benzen bng cc nhm ankyl ta c cc ankylbenzen. Cc ankylbenzen hp thnh dy ng ng c cng thc chung l CnH2n-6(n6).
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Ch : Mch chnh l vng benzen, cc nhm ankyl nh vi n l mch nhnh (nhm th), nh s trn vng sao cho tng ch s nhnh l nh nht.
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Tip u ng
Ortho (o- )
Meta (m- )
Para (p- )
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TN MT S ANKYL BENZEN
CH3
CH2 - CH3
Metylbenzen Toluen
Etylbenzen
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
o -xylen
m -xylen
p -xylen
Gc hdrocacbon thm ha tr I:
Benzen phenyl
CH3
-H
CH2
Toluen benzyl
-H
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Br 2
Fe
+
brombenzen
CH 3 Br
HBr
+
+ Toluen phn ng nhanh hn benzen v to ra hai ng phn ortho v para:
CH 3
HBr
Br 2
Fe
o -bromtoluen CH 3
+
Br p -bromtoluen
HBr
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Xem clip
NO 2
+
Benzen
HO - NO 2 dac
H2SO 4 dac
+
nitrobenzen CH 3
H2O
+ Toluen tham gia phn ng nitro ho d hn benzen v to thnh sn phm th vo v tr ortho v para:
NO 2 CH 3
+ +
HO - NO
2 dac
H2O
H2SO 4 dac
o -nitrotoluen CH 3
toluen
+
NO 2 p -nitrotoluen
H2O
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e-
e-
e-
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Br2
To
+
benzylbromua
HBr
2. PHN NG CNG
a) Cng vi hidro: to thnh xicloankan.
C2H5 Ni,to
3H2
C2H5
Ni, to
xiclohenxan
+ 3H2
Etylbenzen
Etylxiclohexan
Cl Cl Cl Cl
+ 3Cl2
as
Cl
Cl
hexacloxiclohexan
dd Br2
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Nhn xt: n (CO2) > n (H2O) b) Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton:
+ Benzen khng tc dng vi thuc tm:
xem on video
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2KMnO 4
to
Kalibenzoat
2 MnO 2
+ KOH + H2O
Ghi ch: Phn ng trn dng nhn bit ankylbenzen khi un nng trong dung dch KMnO4.
Cung co
1) nhn bit benzen, toluen v hex-1-en ta c th dng thuc th duy nht l: A. Dd Brom C. Dd KMnO4 B. DdAgNO3/NH3 D. Dd Ca(OH)2 2) Benzen phanr ung duoc voi cac chat nao sau day? A. Dd brom, h2, cl2, ddKMnO4 B. H2,HNO3 d, Brom (khan) C. H2,HNO3 d, Brom (khan), dd KMnO4 D. Tat ca deu dung 3) Cho s sau: X,Y, Z ln lt l: A. Canxicacbua, xiclohexan, benzen B. Metan,axetilen, benzen C. Canxicacbua, axetilen, benzen D. B v C ng
CHC CC EM HC TT