n tt nghip.

CHNG 1: TM HIU V NG C IN MT CHIU 1.1 Khi nim chung. Trong nn sn xut hin i, my in mt chiu vn c coi l mt loi my quan trng. N c th dng lm ng c in, my pht in hay dng trong nhng iu kin lm vic khc. ng c in mt chiu c c tnh iu chnh tc rt tt, v vy my c dng nhiu trong nhng ngnh cng nghip c yu cu cao v iu chnh tc nh cn thp, hm m, giao thng vn ti ng c in c phn loi theo cch kch thch t, thnh cc ng c kch thch c lp, kch thch song song, kch thch ni tip v kch thch hn hp. Cn ch rng ng c kch thch c lp I= I; ng c kch thch song song v hn hp I = I + It; ng c in kch thch ni tip I = I = It. Trn thc t, c tnh c ca ng c kch thch c lp v kch thch song song hu nh ging nhau nhng khi cn cng sut ln ngi ta thng dng ng c in kch thch c lp iu chnh dng in kch thch c thun li v kinh t hn mc d loi ng c ny i hi phi c thm ngun in ph bn ngoi. Ngoi ra, khc vi trng hp my pht kch thch ni tip, ng c in ni tip c dng rt nhiu, ch yu trong ngnh ko ti bng in. 1. 2 Cu to v nguyn l lm vic. 1. 2.1Cu to ca ng c in mt chiu. Kt cu ch yu ca ng c in mt chiu nh hnh v 1.1 v c th chia lm hai phn chnh l phn tnh v phn quay. Cc thnh phn : Bearing : Vng bi Commutator : C gp 1

 n tt nghip. Armature core : Cun dy phn ng Shaft : Trc quay. Magnet :Nam chm

Trc quay ai kho1 Cun dy phn ng ai kho 2 Vng bi C gp Nam chm

Hnh 1.1 S mt ct ngang v dc ca ng c mt chiu. a). Phn tnh (stato).

 n tt nghip.

Stato

Roto

y l phn ng yn ca my. Phn tnh gm c cc b phn sau: Cc t chnh: l b phn sinh ra t trng gm c li st cc t v dy qun kch t lng ngoi li st cc t lm bng nhng l thp k thut in hay thp cacbon dy 0.5 n 1 mm p li v tn cht. Trong my in nh c th dng thp khi. Cc t c gn cht vo v my nh cc bulng. Dy qun kch t c qun bng dy ng bc cch in v mi cun dy u c bc cch in k thnh mt khi v tm sn cch in trc khi t trn cc cc t. Cc cun dy kch t t trn cc cc t ny v c ni ni tip vi nhau. Cc t ph: c t gia cc cc t chnh v dng ci thin i chiu. Li thp ca cc t ph c t dy qun m cu to ging nh dy qun cc t chnh. Cc t ph c gn vo v my nh nhng bulng. Gng t: dng lm mch t ni lin cc cc t, ng thi lm v my. Trong my in nh v va thng dng thp tm dy un v hn li. Trong my in ln thng dng thp dc. C khi trong my in nh dng gang lm v my.

 n tt nghip. Ngoi ra cn c cc b phn khc nh: Np my bo v my khi b nhng vt ngoi ri vo lm h hng dy qun hay an ton cho ngi khi chm vo in. C cu chi than a dng in t phn quay ra ngoi. b). Phn quay (rto). Gm c nhng b phn sau: Li st phn ng: dng dn t. Thng dng nhng tm thp k thut in (thp hp kim silic) dy 0.5 mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim hao tn do dng in xoy gy nn. Trn l thp c dp hnh dng rnh sau khi p li th t dy qun vo. Trong nhng my c trung tr ln, ngi ta cn dp nhng l thng gi khi p li thnh li st c th to c nhng l thng gi dc trc.

Hnh 1.2 S cu to rto. Trong nhng my in hi ln th li st thng c chia lm tng on nh. Gia cc on y c mt khe h gi l khe thng gi ngang trc. Khi my lm vic, gi thi qua cc khe lm ngui dy qun v li st. Trong my in nh li st phn ng c p trc tip vo trc. Trong my in ln, gia trc 4

 n tt nghip. v li st c t gi rto. Dng gi rto c th tit kim thp k thut in v gim nh trng lng rto. Dy qun phn ng: l phn sinh ra s.. v c dng in chy qua. Dy qun phn ng thng lm bng dy ng c bc cch in. Trong my in nh (cng sut di vi kiloat ) thng dng dy c tit din trn. Trong my in va v ln, thng dng dy tit din hnh ch nht. Dy qun c cch in cn thn vi rnh ca li thp. trnh khi quay b vng ra do sc ly tm, ming rnh c dng nm cht hoc phi ai cht dy qun. Nm c th lm bng tre, g hay bakilit. C gp: dng i chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu. Kt cu ca c gp gm nhiu phin ng c dui nhn cch in vi nhau bng lp mica dy 0.4 n 1.2 mm v hp thnh mt hnh tr trn. Hai u tr trn dng hai vnh p hnh ch V p cht li. Gia vnh p v tr trn cng cch in bng mica. ui vnh gp c cao hn mt t hn cc u dy ca cc phn t dy qun vo cc phin gp dc d dng. Cc b phn khc nh: Cnh qut qut gi lm ngui my. Trc my t li st phn ng, c gp, cnh qut v bi. 1.2.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu. ng c in mt chiu thc cht l my in ng b trong s.. xoay chiu c chnh lu thnh s.. mt chiu. chnh lu s.. ta c hai u vng dy c ni vi hai phin gp trn c hai chi in lun t st vo chng. Khi rto quay, do chi in lun tip xc vi phin gp ni vi thanh dn. V vy s.. xoay chiu trong vng dy c chnh lu mch ngoi thnh s.. v dng in mt chiu nh h thng vnh gp v chi in. s.. mt chiu gia cc chi in c tr s ln v t p mch, dy qun rto thng c nhiu vng dy ni vi nhiu phin gp lm thnh dy qun phn ng v c c gp in (cn gi l c gp hoc vnh i chiu). 5

 n tt nghip. 1.3. c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp. Khi ngun in mt chiu c cng sut khng ln th mch in phn ng v mch kch t mc vo hai ngun in c lp vi nhau, lc ny ng c c gi l ng c kch t c lp.

+ E I Ckt

U Rf Rkt

_ Ukt

Hnh 1.3 S ni dy ca ng c kch t c lp. Theo s trn c th vit phng trnh cn bng in p mch phn ng nh sau: U =E+(R + Rf)I Trong : U- in p phn ng, V. E- sc in ng phn ng, V R- in tr ca mch phn ng, Rf- in tr ph trong mch phn ng, I- dng in mch phn ng, A Vi R = r + rcf + rb + rct r - in tr cun dy phn ng rcf - in tr cun cc t ph rb - in tr cun b rct - in tr tip xc ca chi in Sc in ng E ca phn ng ng c c xc nh theo biu thc: 6 (1-1).

 n tt nghip. E =
pN = K 2a

(1-2).

Trong : p s i cc t chnh N s thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng a s i mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng - t thng kch t di mt cc t, Wb - tc gc, rad/s K=
pN l h s cu to ca ng c 2a

T (1-1) v (1-2) ta c: =
R + Rf Uu - u I K K

(1-3).

Biu thc (1-3) l phng trnh c tnh c in ca ng c Mt khc Mmen in t Mt ca ng c c xc nh bi: M=KI Suy ra: I =
M dt K

(1-4).

Thay gi tr I vo (1-3) ta c: =
U u Ru + R f Mt K ( K ) 2

(1-5).

Nu b qua tn tht c v tn tht thp th mmen c trn trc ng c bng mmen in t, ta k hiu l M. ngha l Mt = Mc = M. =
U u Ru + R f M K ( K ) 2

(1-6).

y l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp. Gi thit phn ng c b , t thng = const, th cc phng trnh c tnh c in (1-3) v phng trnh c tnh c (1-6) l tuyn tnh. th ca chng c biu din trn l nhng ng thng hng. 7

 n tt nghip.

0 m 0 m

Im

In

Mm

Hnh 1.4 c tinh c in ca ng c chiu kch t c lp.

Hnh 1.5 c tnh c ca in mt ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp

CHNG 2: TM HIU H TRUYN NG CHO 8

 n tt nghip. NG C IN MT CHIU. I. iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu. iu chnh tc ng c l dng cc bin php nhn to thay i cc thng s ngun nh in p hay cc thng s mch nh in tr ph, thay i t thng T to ra cc c tnh c mi c nhng tc lm vic mi ph hp vi yu cu. Thc t c 2 phng php c bn iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu l: +iu chnh in p cp cho phn ng ng c. + iu chnh in p cp cho mch kch t ng c. Cu trc phn mch lc ca h truyn ng iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu bao gi cng c b bin i. Cc b bin i ny cp in p v dng in cho mch phn ng ng c hoc mch kch t ng c. V phng din iu chnh tc , ng c in mt chiu c nhiu u vit hn so vi loi ng c khc, khng nhng c kh nng iu chnh tc d dng m cu trc mch lc, mch iu khin n gin hn, ng thi t cht lng iu chnh cao trong gii iu chnh tc rng. 1.Nguyn l iu chnh in p phn ng. iu chnh in p phn ng ng c in mt chiu cn c thit b ngun nh my pht in mt chiu kch t c lp, cc b chnh lu iu khin Cc thit b ny c chc nng bin nng lng xoay chiu thnh mt chiu c sc in ng Eb iu chnh c nh tn hiu iu khin Uk. V l ngun c cng sut hu hn so vi ng c nn cc b bin i ny c in tr trong Rb v in cm Lb khc 0. Lk Uk BB CK Rb Eb(Uk) I R E

Hnh 2.1 S khi v s thay th ch xc lp. 9

 n tt nghip. ch xc lp c th vit c phng trnh c tnh ca h thng nh sau: Eb + E = I ( Rb + R ) =

Eb R + Rud Iu b K dm K dm M

( 2- 1 ).

= 0( Uk) -

V t thng ca ng c c gi khng i nn cng c tnh c cng khng i, cn tc khng ti l tng th tu thuc vo gi tr in p iu khin Uk ca h thng, do c th ni phng php iu chnh ny l trit . xc nh gii iu chnh tc ta rng tc ln nht ca h thng b chn bi ng c tnh c c bn, l c tnh ng vi in p phn ng nh mc v t thng cng c gi ga tr nh mc. Tc nh nht ca gii iu chnh b gii hn bi yu cu v sai s tc v v mmen khi ng. Khi mmen ti l nh mc th cc gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca tc l: max = 0 max M dm

M dm

( 2-2 ).

min = 0 min -

tho mn kh nng qu ti th c tnh thp nht ca di iu chnh phi c mmen ngn mch l: Mn.m min = Mc max = KM. Mm Trong KM l h s qu ti v mmen. V h c tnh c l nhng ng thng song song nhau, nn theo nh ngha v cng c tnh c ta.

10

 n tt nghip. min = ( Mn.m min Mm )

0 max .
=
1 = M dm

(K M

0 max

M dm

D=

M dm

(K M 1)

0 max max

1 M dm KM 1

(2- 3).

k1 0 min min Mm k2

Mnm min

M,I

Hnh 2-2 Xc nh phm vi iu chnh. Vi mt c cu my c th th cc gi tr 0 max, Mm, KM l xc nh, v vy phm vi iu chnh D ph thuc tuyn tnh vo gi tr ca cng . Khi iu chnh in p phn ng ng c bng cc thit b ngun iu chnh th in tr tng mch phn ng gp khong hai ln in tr phn ng ng c. Do c th tnh s b c: 0 max .

M dm 10.

V th ti c c tnh mmen khng i th gi tr phm vi iu chnh tc cng khng vt qu 10. i vi cc my c yu cu cao v di iu chnh v chnh xc duy tr tc lm vic th vic s dng cc h thng h nh trn l khng tho mn c. 11

 n tt nghip. Trong phm vi ph ti cho php c th coi cc c tnh c tnh ca truyn ng mt chiu kch t c lp l tuyn tnh. Khi iu chnh in p phn ng th cng cc c tnh c trong ton gii iu chnh l nh nhau, do st tc tng i s t gi tr ln nht ti c tnh thp nht ca di iu chnh. Hay ni cch khc nu c tnh c thp nht ca gii iu chnh m sai s tc khng vt qu gi tr sai s tc cho php, th h truyn ng x lm vic vi sai s lun nh hn sai s cho php trong ton b di iu chnh. Sai s tng i ca tc c tnh c thp nht l: S=
0 min min = 0 min 0 min
M dm S cp . 0 min

S=

( 2- 4 ).

Vi cc gi tr Mm, 0 min, Scp l xc nh ln c th tnh c gi tr ti thiu ca cng c tnh c sao cho sai s khng vt qu gi tr cho php. lm vic ny trong a s cc trng hp cn xy dng h truyn ng in kiu vng kn. Trong sut qua trnh iu chnh in p phn ng th t thng kch t c gi nguyn, do mmen ti cho php ca h s l khng i: Mc.cp = Km.Im = Mm Phm vi iu chnh tc v mmen nm trong hnh ch nht bao bi cc ng thng = m, M = Mm v cc trc to . Tn hao nng lng chnh l tn hao trong mch phn ng nu b qua cc tn hao khng i trong h. Eb = E + I ( Rb + R ) I Eb = I E + I2 ( Rb + R )

12

 n tt nghip. Nu t Rb + R = R th hiu sut bin i nng lng ca h s l: =

I u Eu = I u Eu + I u2 R

(Kdm)2

MR

+ R . ( )

x 1

Khi lm vic ch xc lp ta c mmen do ng c sinh ra ng bng mmen ti trn trc M* = M*c v gn ng coi c tnh c ca ph ti l M* = (*)x th: =
+ R ( )

x 1

(2- 5).

Hnh 2-3: Quan h gia hiu sut truyn ng v tc vi cc loi ti khc nhau. iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in p phn ng l rt thch hp trong trng hp mmen ti l hng s trong ton gii iu chnh. Cng thy rng khng nn ni thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng v nh vy s lm gim ng k hiu sut ca h.

13

 n tt nghip. u im: y l phng php iu chnh trit , v cp c ngha l c th iu chnh tc trong bt k vng ti no k c khng ti l tng. Nhc im: Phi c b ngun c in p thay i nn vn u t c bn ln v chi ph vn hnh cao. 2.1.2Nguyn l iu chnh t thng ng c. iu chnh t thng kch t ca ng c in mt chiu l iu chnh mmen in t ca ng c M = KI v sc in ng quay ca ng c E = K. Mch kch t ca ng c l mch phi tuyn, v vy h iu chnh t thng cng l h phi tuyn: iK =
eK d + K rb + rK dt

( 2- 6 ).

trong : rK - in tr y qun kch thch rb - in tr ca ngun in p kch thch K s vng dy ca dy qun kch thch Trong ch xc lp ta c h: iK =
eK rb + rK

; = f[iK]

Thng khi iu chnh t thng th in p phn ng c gi nguyn bng gi tr nh mc, do c tnh c thp nht trong vng iu chnh t thng chnh l c tnh c in p phn ng nh mc, t thng nh mc v c gi l c tnh c bn ( i khi chnh l c tnh c t nhin ca ng c ). Tc ln nht ca di iu chnh t thng b hn ch bi kh nng chuyn mch ca c gp in. Khi gim t thng tng tc quay ca ng c th 14

 n tt nghip. ng thi iu kin chuyn mch ca c gp cng b xu i, v vy m bo iu kin chuyn mch bnh thng th cn phi gim dng in phn ng cho php, kt qu l mmen cho php trn trc ng c gim rt nhanh. Ngay c khi gi nguyn dng in phn ng th cng c tnh c cng gim rt nhanh khi gim t thng kch thch:

( K )2 =
Ru

hay * = ( * )2

max

ik
U dk

I rk wk

rbk Lk a)

E 0 b) Ik wk Mm M

Lk(uk ) 0 c)

Hnh 2- 4 S thay th (a) c tnh iu chnh khi iu chnh t thng ng c (b) Quan h (ikt), (c) . Do iu chnh tc bng cch gim t thng nn i vi cc ng c m t thng nh mc nm ch tip gip gia vng tuyn tnh v vng bo ho ca c tnh t ho th c th coi vic iu chnh l tuyn tnh v hng s C ph thuc vo thng s kt cu ca my in:

15

 n tt nghip. = ciK =
c eK rb + rK

Nhn xt: Phng php iu chnh bng cch thay i t thng c th diu chnh tc v cp v cho nhng tc ln hn tc c bn ncb. Phng php ny c dng iu chnh tc cho cc my mi vn nng hoc l my bo ging. Do qu trnh iu chnh tc c thc hin trn mch kch t nn tn tht nng lng t, mang tnh kinh t, thit b n gin. Kt lun: T nhng u, nhc im ca hai phng php iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu ta va xt trn th ta thy phng php iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu bng phng php iu chnh in p phn ng ng c l thch hp hn. 2.2. La chn mch lc cho truyn ng ng c in mt chiu c o chiu quay. Chn truyn ng Tiristo - ng c in mt chiu (T- ) c o chiu quay. Do chnh lu tiristo dn dng theo mt chiu v ch iu khin c khi m, cn kho theo in p li cho nn truyn ng van thc hin o chiu kh khn v phc tp hn truyn ng my pht ng c. Cu trc mch lc cng nh mch iu khin h truyn ng T- o chiu c yu cu o chiu cao v c logic iu khin cht ch. C hai nguyn tc c bn xy dng h truyn ng (T- ) o chiu: + Gi nguyn chiu dng in phn ng v o chiu dng kch t ng c. + Gi nguyn chiu dng in kch t v o chiu dng in phn ng. Trong thc t, cc s truyn ng (T- ) o chiu c nhiu song u thc hin theo mt trong hai nguyn tc trn v c phn ra thnh cc loi s chnh sau: 16

 n tt nghip. + Truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu bng cng tc t chuyn mch phn ng ( = const). H ny c u im dng cho cng sut nh, tn s o chiu thp:

Hnh 2- 4 S truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu bng cng tc t chuyn mch phn ng. + Truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu quay bng o chiu dng kch t. Loi ny dng cho cng sut ln, t thc hin o chiu:

Hnh 2- 5 S truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu quay bng o chiu dng kch t. + Truyn ng dng hai b bin i, cp cho phn ng iu khin ring, hai b iu chnh lm vic ring r vi nhau. Ti mt thi im ch pht xung m mt b cn b kia kho hon ton. S ny dng cho mi gii cng sut v c kh nng o chiu vi tn s ln:

17

 n tt nghip.

Hnh 2- 6 S truyn ng hai b bin i, cp cho phn ng iu khin ring, hai b iu chnh lm vic ring r vi nhau. + Truyn ng dng hai b bin i u ni song song ngc iu khin chung. S ny dng cho mi di cng sut va v ln, thc hin vic o chiu m nhng c nhc im kch thc cng knh, vn u t ln, tn tht ln.

Hnh 2- 7 S truyn ng hai b bin i u ni song song ngc iu khin chung. + Truyn ng dng hai b bin i ni theo s cho iu khin chung. Dng cho di cng sut va v ln c tn s o chiu cao.

18

 n tt nghip. Hnh 2- 8 S truyn ng dng hai b bin i ni theo s cho iu khin chung. V nguyn tc xy dng mch iu khin, c th chia lm hai loi chnh: iu khin ring v iu khin chung. 1. Truyn ng T- o chiu iu khin ring. Khi iu khin ring hai b bin i lm vic ring r nhau, ti mt thi im ch pht xung iu khin vo mt b bin i cn b kia b kho do khng c xung iu khin. H c hai b bin i l B1 v B2 vi cc mch pht xung iu khin tng ng l FX1 v FX2, trt t hot ng ca cc b pht xung ny c quy nh bi cc tn hiu logic b1 v b2. Qu trnh hm v o chiu c m t bng th thi gian. Trong khong thi gian 0 t1, B1 lm vic ch chnh lu vi gc 1< /2 cn B2 kho. Ti t1 pht lnh o chiu bi iL, gc iu khin 1 tng t bin ln hn /2, dng phn ng gim dn v khng, lc ny ct xung iu khin kho B1, thi im t2 c xc nh bi cm bin dng in khng SI1. Trong khong thi gian tr = t3 t2, B1 b kho hon ton, dng in phn ng b trit tiu. Ti t3, s.. ng c E vn cn dng, tn hiu logic b2 kch cho FX2 m B2 vi gc 2> /2 v sao cho dng in phn ng khng vt qu gi tr cho php, ng c c ti sinh, nu nhp iu gim 2 ph hp vi qun tnh ca h th c th duy tr dng in hm v dng in khi ng ngc khng i, iu ny c thc hin bi cc mch vng dng iu chnh t ng ca h thng. Trn s khi logic LOG, iL, iL1, iL2, l cc tn hiu logic u vo; b1, b2 l cc tn hiu logic u ra kho cc b pht xung iu khin. + iL = 1 : pht xung iu khin m B1. + iL = 0 : pht xung iu khin m B2. + i1L(i2L) = 1 : c dng in chy qua B1 (B2). + b1, b2 = 1 : kho b pht xung FX1 (FX2).

19

 n tt nghip.

B1

U 1

1
FX1

i1 L

ii

S I1

LO G

i2 L

S I2

U 2
FX2

2
B2

20

 n tt nghip. Hnh 2- 8 S khi h truyn ng o chiu v cc tn hiu iu khin. Trn hnh v 2- 8 cho mt v d mch iu khin qu trnh o chiu. th thi gian ca cc tn hiu m t hnh v trn. b1 = i Ld .i1L + i2 L ; b2 = i Ld .i2 L + i1L

Khong thi gian tr c m bo bi cc mch xung c rng khng i T. H truyn ng van o chiu iu khin ring c u im l lm vic an ton, khng c dng in cn bng chy gia cc b bin i, song cn mt khong thi gian tr trong dng in ng c bng khng.
1
i1L

b1' & 1 1 b1

-1
i2 L

b2' 1 b2

-1

&

Hnh 2- 9 S mch lgc LOG. 2. Truyn ng (T- ) o chiu iu khin chung. Trn H 2- 9 m t v d v h T - o chiu iu khin chung, ti mt thi im c hai b bin i u nhn c xung m, nhng ch c mt b bin i cp dng cho nghch lu, cn b bin i kia lm vic ch i. c tnh iu khin ca B1 l ng I, c tnh iu khin ca B2 l ng II. Gi thit 1 < /2; 2 > /2 sao cho Ed 1 Ed 2 th dng in ch c th chy t B1 sang ng c m khng th chy t B1 sang B2 c. t c trng thi ny th cc gc iu khin phi tho mn iu kin:
2 1 hay 2 1

21

 n tt nghip. Nu tnh n gc chuyn mch v gc kho th gi tr ln nht ca gc iu khin ca b bin i ang ch nghch lu i phi l: max = - ( max + ). V gi tr nh nht ca gc iu khin ca b bin i ang lm vic ch nghch lu l:
min + .

Nu chn | Ed1| = | Ed2| th 1 + 2 = v ta c phng php iu khin chung i xng, khi ny s tng trong mch vng gia hai b bin i s trit tiu v dng in trung bnh chy vng qua hai b bin i cng trit tiu:
I cb = Ed1 + Ed 2 =0 Rcb

trong Rcb l tng in tr trong mch vng cn bng. Trong thc t iu khin thng dng phng php iu khin chung khng i xng, tc l 2 > - 1, khi | Ed2 | > | Ed1 | v khng c dng in cn bng.
I

id1 Lcb

icb Lcb

E
A2

K1

I
a b c ` A1 B1 Lcb L Ud

II
Lcb B2 R

id1

icb

22

 n tt nghip.
1

Ed / E 0

E 2 > E 1 ( 1)

/2

II -1

1max

2 max

Hnh 2-10 S nguyn l v c tnh chnh lu o chiu iu khin chung. Trong cc phng php iu khin chung, mc d m bo Ed 2 Ed 1 , tc l khng xut hin dng in trung bnh ca dng in cn bng, song gi tr tc thi ca s cc b chnh lu e1(t),ed2(t) lun khc nhau, do vn xut hin thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in cn bng. hn ch bin dng in cn bng thng dng cc cun khng cn bng Lcb. Trong s chnh lu cu ba pha dng in cn bng chy trong hai vng c lp mi vng to thnh mt chnh lu ba pha hnh tia.

23

 n tt nghip.

24

 n tt nghip.

UdK1

UdA

1 = / 2

2 = / 2

Ucb

1 = / 3

1 = 5 / 12

1 = / 5

UdK1

2 = 5 / 6

2 = 2 / 3

2 = 7/ 12

icb

Ud A

Ucb

icb

Ed1

Hnh1.21 S in p v dng in trong mch chnh lu ba xung (vng1) iu khin chung i xng, in cm ca ti l v cng ln

UdK1

UdA

Ucb

icb

UdK1

UdA

Ucb

icb

Ed1

Hnh1.22 S in p v dng in trong mch chnh lu ba xung (vng1) iu khin chung khng i xng, in cm cu ti l v cng ln

25

Ed1

Ed1

 n tt nghip. Trn cc hnh 2- 11 v 2- 12 gii thiu qu trnh in p cn bng Ucb, dng in cn bng icb trn vng I. Cc in p Uk1 v Uk2 c o gia cc im K1 v A2 ca chnh lu vi im trung tnh ca ngun xoay chiu ba pha,in p chnh lu Ed1 c o gia im 1 v trung tnh ngun. Trn hnh 2- 11 m t qu trnh khi iu khin chung i xng, hnh 2- 12 m t qu trnh khi iu khin khng i xng, c th thy r tc dng gim bin dng cn bng khi iu khin chung khng i xng. Dng in p chnh lu Ed hi c bit do c tnh n st p trn cc in khng cn bng:
E d 1 = U dk 1 1 1 U cb = (U dk 1 + U dk 2 ). 2 2

Bng cch tng t c th xy dng c cc th Uk, UdA1 v Ed2, cc th ny c dng tng t trn. in p chnh lu ca c b bin i s bng: Ud = Ed1 Ed2. 3. Nhn xt chung. u im ni bt ca h T - l tc tc ng nhanh cao, khng gy n v d t ng ho do cc van bn dn c h s khuych i cng sut rt cao, iu rt thun tin cho vic thit lp cc h thng t ng iu chnh nhiu vng nng cao cht lng cc c tnh tnh v cc c tnh ng ca h thng. Nhc im ch yu l do cc van bn dn c tnh phi tuyn, dng in p chnh lu ra c bin p mch cao, gy tn tht ph trong my in, v cc truyn ng c cng sut ln cn lm xu dng in p ca ngun v li xoay chiu. H s cng sut cos ca h ni chung l thp. Ngoi ra trong h truyn ng van o chiu iu khin ring c u im l lm vic an ton, khng c dng in cn bng chy gia cc b bin i, song cn mt khong thi gian tr trong dng in ng c bng khng. 26

 n tt nghip. T nhng u im ta chon h truyn ng T - o chiu iu khin ring. III. Tm hiu mch chnh lu cu 3 pha. 1. S chnh lu cu 3 pha c iu khin.
a b c
T2 T4 T6 T1 T3 T5

A Uf 0 t1 t2

Uf

t3

t4

t5

t6

t7

Ud

Ud

X1

I1 X3 I3 X5 X2 I2

I5

A Uf

X4

I4 X6 I6

Ud

UT1

27

 n tt nghip. Hnh 2-13. Chnh lu cu ba pha iu khin i xng. a- s ng lc, b- gin cc ng cong c bn, c, d - in p ti khi gc m = 600 = 600. y l chnh lu ba pha hai na chu k vi hai nhm: T1, T3, T5 hnh thnh nhm catt chung; cn T2, T4, T6 l nhm ant chung. Theo dng sng in p th in p tng p mch bc su v tr s nh ca n bng in p dy. Gc m c tnh t giao im ca cc na hnh sin. Gi thit T5 v T6 ang dn nn VF = Uc , VG = Ub . Ti t1 = /6 + cho xung iu khin m T1. Tiristor ny s m v Ua >0 . S m ca T1 lm cho T3 b kho mt cch t nhin v Ua > Uc. Lc ny T6 v T1 dn v in p trn ti l: UL = Ud = Ua - Ub . Ti t2 = 3/6 + cho xung mi m T2. Tiristor ny s m v khi T6 dn c in p Ub t nn ant ca T2 m Ub > Uc. S m ca T2 lm cho T6 b kho li mt cch t nhin. Cc xung iu khin lch nhau /3 ln lt c a n cc cc iu khin theo th t nh sau: Thi im /6 + 3/6 + 5/6 + 7/6 + 9/6 + 11/6 + M T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Kho T5 T6 T1 T2 T3 T4

in p trung bnh trn ti c tnh theo cng thc: Ud = UL =

6 2
5 / 6 +

U
/6

sin t dt =

3 3

U f . N max cos

( 2- 7 ).

28

 n tt nghip. =
3

U f . f max cos = 1,35U f . f max cos

( 2- 8 ).

Trong Uf. N max l in p pha cc i, Uf. f max l in p dy cc i. Khi gc m nh dng sng biu din trn hnh (2- 13) cho thy in p Ud p mch bc su, nhng khi ln, in p trn ti s c phn m, dng in trong cc tiristor c dng ch nht nhng dng in qua th cp my bin p l hon ton i xng v khng c thnh phn mt chiu trnh cho li st b bo ho. S cu ba pha cn gi l cu Graetz c s dng rng ri bi dng in trong cc dy qun v dy ngun hon ton i xng. Cng sut nh mc ca my bin p: S1 = S2 = 1,05 Pd 2. Tnh chn van ng lc. Thng s ca ng c: Pm = 1 KW Um = 220 V nm = 1000 vng/pht = 81 % Im = 5,6 A in p ngc ln nht tiristor phi chu: Un max = Knv . U2 = Knv . trong : Knv = 6 ; Ku =
Un max =
3 6

(2- 9).

Ud Ku

6.

220 3 6

. 220
3

= 230,38 (v)

in p ngc ca van cn chn: Unv = Kdt U . Un. max trong : Kdt U h s d tr in p, chn Kdt U = 1,8
Unv = 1,8 . 230,38 = 424,69 (v)

Dng in lm vic ca van c tnh theo dng hiu dng: 29

 n tt nghip. Ilv = Ihd = khd. Id trong s cu ba pha, h s dng in hiu dng: khd =
Ilv = Ihd =
Id =

1 3

5,6 3

= 3,23 ( A)

Chn iu kin lm vic ca van l c cnh tn nhit v din tch tn nhit; khng c qut i lu khng kh vi iu kin dng in nh mc ca van cn chn l: Im = ki. Ilv = 3,2. 3,23 = 10,34 10 (A) m ki h s d tr dng in, chn ki = 3,2 T cc thng s Unv, Im ta chn 6 tiristor loi BTW 42 60 RC c cc thng s sau: in p ngc cc i ca van : Dng in nh mc ca van : nh xung dng in : Dng in ca xung iu khin : in p ca xung iu khin : Dng in r : St p ln nht ca tiristo trng thi dn : Tc bin thin in p : Thi gian chuyn mch : Nhit lm vic cc i cho php : Tnh ton chn my bin p chnh lu Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p:
S = K s .Pd = K s P

Un = 600 (v) Im = 10 (A) Ipik = 150 (A) Ik = 0,05 (A) Uk = 1,5 (V) Ir = 0,003 (A) U = 2 (V)
du = 1000 v / s dt

tcm = 35 (s) Tmax = 125 0 C

= 1,05.

1000 = 1296(VA) 0,81

in p ngun chn :U1=220 V Tnh in p th cp my bin p:

30

 n tt nghip.
Ud0 = U2 = U d + 2.U v + U dn + 2.U BA 220 + 2.2 + 0 + 2.(6%.220) = = 254,2(V ) cos min cos10 0

Ud 254,2 = = 108,6V KU 3 6

Vi Ud :in p ti
U V :St p trn van U dn :St p trn dy ni, coi nh bng 0. U BA : St p trn bin p,ly d tr st p ca my bin p l 6%

Chn gc m nh nht ca van l 100

31

 n tt nghip.

CHNG 3: TM HIU V MENTOR II 3.1. Gii thiu v Mentor II MentorII l mt phin bn mi nht ca Control Techniques. Mentor II. c ng dng trong nhng k thut tin tin c tnh linh hot cao. y l mt sn phm rt cn cho mt h thng i hi s chnh xc v yu cu s ti sinh. V d nh trong h thng my cun, my v, my dn giy, cu trc. MentorII c b vi s l cng nghip iu khin ng c in mt chiu. Phm vi u ra ca dng in l 25A n 1850 A. Thit b ny c iu khin ng c mt chiu ch mt gc phn t hoc bn gc phn t. iu khin mt gc phn t l iu khin ng c ch quay theo chiu thun. iu khin bn gc phn t l iu khin ng c c o chiu quay. C hai kiu iu khin trn u iu khin tc ng c, c th thm iu khin mmen ng c. Nhng thng s ca MentorII c la chn v thay i ti bng iu khin, MentorII hay mt giao din qua truyn thng ni tip. Sau y l mt s c tnh ca MentorII. 3.1.1. Ngun cung cp S c mt 1 hay nhiu pha u vo c t ng pht hin. Thit b s chy m khng ti 3.2.1. u ra: 6 xung u vo SCRR to ra 12 xung u ra. 3.1.3. Phn hi tc : in p phn ng dng ng c hoc my pht tc hoc phn hi s. C PID trong mch vng tc . 3.1.4. Phn hi dng in: L 0.1% Mch vng dng in tuyn tnh, tn s 80Hz. 32

 n tt nghip. p l mi gi tr ca dng in.

3.1.5. iu khin Tt c cc tn hiu tng t v hu ht cc tn hiu s nhp vo u c th do ngi s dng to ra cho cc ng dng c bit. PID mch vng tc B tn hiu s cho iu khin v tr B pht tc cho o lng Chng trnh iu khin gim t thng. Pht hin t ng tn hiu ni tip v s c mt pha. H thng thc n thit lp tham s. C th thit lp li thng s cui trong mi thc n. Thc n thit lp phc v cho vic truy cp nhanh ti tham s. Cho d iu khin n hay iu khin hon ton, v cn bn l mt hm in p ra, l hm gc m ca SCR c th kim sot chnh xc. Cht lng ca thng tin p li t ng c tu thuc vo kh nng nhn ca thit b. Mt s d liu c th l ngui ngoi nh tc t, mmen t, tc phn hi ca ng c. Mt s bn trong nh in p v dng in u ra, v iu kin ca h thng ti mi giai on. MentorII trang b mt b vi x l v phn mm c nh hnh bi nhng tham s ci t bi ngi s dng. Nhng tham s l nhn t quan trng lin qua ti hot ng ca ng c. Xa hn na nhng tham s c cung cp cho truyn thng, bo mt v hm thao tc khc. 3.1.6. Thc n.

33

 n tt nghip. S lng tham s ln, tuy nhin vic hiu chng v truy cp chng c lm d dng bi vic thu xp chng trong nhng thc n, mi thc n gm mt nhm logic hoc hm c bit. 3.2. Cu to v chc nng. MentorII c nhiu chc nng nn cu to tng i phc tp. Trong bn n ny chng ta i su vo tm hiu MentorII M25 v M25(R). Cc hm iu khin ng c mt chiu l iu khin tc , mmen, phng hng quay. Tc t l thun vi thnh phn ng v t l nghch vi t thng Mmen t l thun vi dng in phn ng v t thng. Hng quay lin quan ti cc tnh ca in p phn ng v kch t:
F1+ F2+ A1+ A2+

SF FELD

ANKER

M
Hnh 3.1. S ni in p phn ng v kch t vo MentorII. a. in p phn ng: back emf l mt thnh phn ca in p phn ng. Nh vy gi thit t thng khng i, c th iu khin tc ti im ni in p cc i. Dng in phn ng cng lm mt hm ca in p phn ng, do vy tc s ph thuc vo in p v mmen cc i t tc c s (ti in p phn ng cc i). b, in p kch t: n xc nh dng in kch t, t thng. Nu in p kch t l c lp vi in p phn ng th tc tng n tc c s v lc dng in max. Khi mmen t l vi t thng, mmen cc i s gim nu tc c tng bng cch gim t thng.

34

 n tt nghip. V c bn, thay i tc ng c mt chiu l iu khin in p phn ng ca ng c. MentorII c trang b c kh nng iu khin t thng nu tc ln hn tc c bn c yu cu. iu khin ring t thng ng c t n tc v mmen cng c ng dng. Ngoi ra ta la chn mt phng thc phn hi ca MentorII c mt mch vng khp kn. Mt ngun in p mt pha c cung cp cho cu thyriostor v mt tr khng c mc song song vi n sinh ra mt dng in gin on dng m gc m thyristorr, v dng ngun in khi qua im khng na chu trnh. in p cc i khi thyristorr m, l lc f trong hnh 2.1 tr v khng. Khi lm chm gc m lm gim dng in ra. Khi ti lm cm ng, nh kch t ca mt ng c chng hn dng in tr thnh lin tc. th dng in chm pha hn in p do cm ng ca ti v mt phn v s tr ca gc m.
Inductive Load

AC

VDC

VDC

Current fund ementel

Hnh v 3.2. Ngun cung cp cho mch kch t o chiu quay ng c in theo hai cch, tu thuc vo kiu cu ca thit b. Cch iu khin n gin nht l dng mt cu ba pha iu khin ng c. Lc ny ng c khng o c chiu quay. V vy, mun o chiu ta phi c kho chuyn i nh trong hnh v 3.3

35

 n tt nghip.

AC field supply

AC

Hnh 3.3. S mc mt cu 3 pha dng cng tc chuyn i o chiu. Tuy nhin thc t yu cu iu khin y hai chiu ca ng c. Vi kh nng o mmen nhanh chng v lin tc. Ta mc hai cu song song ngc nh hnh v 3.4. S ny c th iu khin y o chiu v hm m khng cn kho chuyn i.

AC feild supply

AC

Hnh 3.4. S mc hai cu 3 pha song song ngc Khi hm bng phng php hm ng nng hnh v 2.5. Lc ny s gim tc khng kim sot c v cng khng tuyn tnh.

36

 n tt nghip.

AC feild supply

BRAKING RESISTOR

AC

Hnh 3.5. Hm ng nng. D s dng mt gc phn t hay bn gc phn t, ng c in vn lun ph thuc vo in p. M in p ta c th kim sot c chnh xc thng qua gc m ca thyristor ca cu 3 pha. Nh ni phn trn, thay i tc ng c ta c th thay i in p phn ng. lm c iu ny ta iu khin gc m ca cc thyristor. Mentor II cho php ngi s dng iu khin t ng gc m cho thyristor. Ngi s dng ch cn t gi tr tc yu cu vo v truy nhp cc tham s ca MentorII sao cho h thng lm vic ti u nht. Trong s hnh 3.6 ta thy c hai mch vng khp kn l mch vng tc v mch vng dng inh. mch vng tc , c tn hiu t u vo. Tn hiu ny c s dng t tc vo iu khin ng c. Trn MentorII ta c th t tc bng bin tr hoc phn mn. Tn hiu phn hi tc c ly t my pht tc so snh vi tn hiu t. mch vng dng in, tn hiu phn hi v ly t bin dng ba pha ca ngun in vo MentorII.

37

 n tt nghip.

3.3. Cch ni mch ca MentorII. MentorII c th chy c ch mt gc phn t v bn gc phn t nn hai kiu ni dy cho MentorII. Trong bn thuyt minh ny ta ch xt cch ni dy ch bn gc phn t. 38

 n tt nghip.

R Y B

Four - quadrant

LC RR LC LK

E3 E2 E1

31 21 25

40 0V 37

START

START

L3 L2
L1
FIELD ONOFF Manual Set Speed

RL1 RR Drive ready LC

38 34

MBO

L11
LC +10V -10V +10V

L12 1 2 3 200V 9 100V

A1

RL2

36
Zero speed33

RR LC

Tach ogen error

A2

F1

F2

Hnh 3.8. S ni dy 4 gc phn t ca MentorII Trc tin ta ni hai cng tc t LC v RR. Cng tc t LC l cng tc chnh ng ngun ba pha vo Mentor II ti ba im L1-L3 ng thi ng t L11 v L12. Ngoi ra cn c ba tip im na ca cng tc t LC. cng tc t RR cng c ba tip im lin ng vi tip im ca LC. Phn ng ca ng c c ni vo hai u A1 v A2; phn kch t c ni vo hai u F1 v F2. Nu iu khin tc ng c bng bin tr vo u vo s 1 3 ca MentorII. V cui cng ta mc ngun iu khin vo ba im E1 E3. Lu trong qu trnh ni dy, E1 - E3 phi trng pha vi L1 L3. 3.4. Bng iu khin 39

 n tt nghip. Bng iu khin ca Mentor II l ni iu khin v truy nhp cc tham s ca qua iu khin ng c

Hnh 3.9. Bng iu khin ca MentorII. Bn phm ca MentorII phc v 2 mc ch chnh l: Ci t li cc tham s theo yu cu s dng. Thao tc n cc tham s cn hin th. Bn phm gm c mt nt Reset, mt nt Mode, hai nt la chn thc n v hai nt la chn tham s. Bm nt Mode mt ln iu chnh tham s (nu hiu th nhp nhy th cho php iu chnh). Lc ny ta c th dng hai nt la chn tham s iu chnh, c th iu chnh nhanh bng cch n v gi phm . Nhn nt Mode ln na thot khi s iu chnh. Lu gi tr ca tham s mi iu chnh s b mt i khi tt ngun ca thit b. Do ta phi truy nhp n thc n v t tham s 00 bng 1. Mn hnh ca MentorII hin th thc n (bn tri du thp phn), tham s (bn phi du thp phn) v d liu tham s c chn.

40

 n tt nghip. Ngoi ra cn c 6 n led hin th tnh trng lm vic ca MentorII. Lu rng 2 n led cu 1 v cu 2 sng th khng nht thit lc cu ang hot ng m c th do s truyn dn ph thuc vo gc m hay iu kin hot ng. 3.5. Truyn tin ni tip. Giao tip ni tip vi MentorII l mt c tnh quan trng trong giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi trong cng nghip. Thit b ngoi vi c th ci t ton hoc tng phn. C kh nng bin i cc tham s ngay lp tc tho mn cc trng thi ca mt chu trnh nhim v hoc iu kin hot ng khc nhau trong qu trnh hot ng. Phng tin ny gip ta theo di lin tc hot ng ca thit b phc v cho iu khin hoc mc ch phn tch. Mt phng thc truyn tin chun cho tt c cc MentorII. N l gia din my my, cho php mt hoc nhiu thit b c s dng trong h thng iu khin bi PLC hoc my tnh. MentorII c th iu khin trc tip, hot ng ca chng c th thay i, v trng thi ca chng c kim tra bi mt h thng iu khin c th giao tip khong 15 MentorII, v c th ln n 99 nu c s dng b m hng. Cng truyn tin ca thit b l chn PL2. Ni theo chun RS422. Nghi thc l ANSI x3.28 2.5 A4, nh tiu chun cho nhng giao din cng nghip. 3.5.1. Kt ni. Nhng phng thc truyn tin ni tip 9 chn loi D ni vi PL2 trn MDA 2B. Chn ni ny cung cp chun RS422 (ghi ch: RS422 thc t cng ging nh RS485 cho php nhiu h thng gim st.) Ch : Kt ni RS232 c th thay th mt phn ca RS422.

41

 n tt nghip. Nhng yu t ca thng tin gia h thng iu khin v MentorII l k t ASCII. 3.5.2. iu chnh s b: Mi thit b yu cu mt s nhn dng, hoc a ch t bi tham s 11.11. Baud 11.12 i hi s c t ph hp vi h thng iu khin. D liu, trng thi thit b, t tham s c th ly t thit b theo mt vi cch Nhng yu t ca thng tin gia h thng iu khin. D liu, trng thi thit b, t tham s c th ly t thit b theo mt vi cch.
Chn s RS232 RS422 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0V 0V TXD RXD NC TXD RXD 0V TXD RXD

Dy cp truyn tin khng c chy song song vi dy cp in no c bit l dy ni thit b vi ng c. Nu khng trnh c th phi m bo khong cch cc tiu l 300mm. Chiu di cc i ca RS422 khong 1 mt. K t
EOT ENQ STX ETX ACK BS

ngha
Bit u tin ca cu lnh gi cho MentorII Bit kt thc ca lnh c d liu Bit u tin ca cu tr li ca MentorII Bit kt thc ca cu tr li ca Mentor II Tn hiu thng bo MentorII nhn c lnh Li li tham s trc tham s hin hnh

M ASCI HEX 04 05 02 03 06 08

Phm iu khin D E B C F H

42

 n tt nghip.
NAK Tn hiu thng bo MentorII khng hiu cu lnh 15 U

3.5.3. Cc k t iu khin ca Mentor II. 3.5.4. a ch ni tip. Mi thit b c mt nhn dng hay a ch (tham s 11.11) v vy ch c mt thit b c ni l tr li. Cho an ton, mi s 2 k t a ch ca thit b c lp li, nh vy a ch ca thit b s 14 c gi 4 k t: 1 1 4 4 3.5.5. Nhn dng tham s. Truyn tin bi giao din ni tip, tham s c xc nh bi 4 ch s ch thc n v s tham s, nhng khng c thp phn. V d thc n 01 tham s 01 c vit l 0 1 0 1. 3.5.6. Phn d liu. D liu chim 5 c tnh tip theo sau tham s. Khng s dng du thp phn. 3.5.7. Khi kim tra BCC. Cho php thit b v h thng iu khin m bo thng tin truyn i khng b li tt c cc lnh v tr li u phi c kt thc bi mt khi kim tra. 3.5.8. Gi d liu. d dng ta ly mt v d c th minh ho. Gi mnh lnh gim i 47.6 % gi tr ca tham s 01.17 n MentorII c a ch l 14. Khi mun gi d liu n MentorII thng qua cng Com phi ng theo cu trc sau: CONTRO L EOT Control -D ADDRES S 1144 CONTRO L STX Control -B PAR DAT 0117 A -0476 CONTRO L ETX Control -C BCC

Lu : Mc d liu c th t mt n nm k t u c. 43

 n tt nghip. Khi xc nhn c tn hiu gi n MentorII s tr li thng ip: M ACK nu MentorII hiu v thc hin c mnh lnh gi n. M NAK nu MentorII bo mnh lnh sai, d liu di qu hoc BCC sai. 32.5.9. c d liu t MentorII. d dng ta ly mt v d c th minh ha: Gi mnh lnh c gi tr ca tham s 01.17 n MentorII c a ch l 12. Ta c th c cc gi tr ca tham s trn MentorII qua mnh lnh c d liu c cu trc sau: CONTROL EOT Control -D ADDRESS 1122 PAR 0117 CONTROL ENQ Control -E

Khi nhn c mnh lnh nh trn MentorlII s tr li vi cu trc nh sau:

CONTROL STYX Control -B

PARAM 0117

DATA -0476

CONTROL EXT Control -C

BCC

3.6. Cc tham s chnh ca MentorII. 3.6.1 Menu1:Ci t tc

44

 n tt nghip. Cc tham s ca MentorII c tch thnh cc nhm thun tin cho vic tra cu v truy nhp. Cc nhm gi l cc thc n, mi thc n s c cc chc nng khc nhau.

45

 n tt nghip.

46

Hnh 2.7 s logic la chn v gii hn tc t

 n tt nghip. 3.6.1. Mentor1: Ci t tc C 4 kin t tc 01.17, 01.18, 01.19 v 10.20. Mt trong bn kiu c th t tc t 1000. n 1000. V c th truy cp qua bn phm, chng trnh hoc truyn ni tip ti bt k thi im no. Bn tham s ny gip cho MentorII c tnh linh hot cao khi giao tip vi cc thit b khc. Hai la chn 01.14 v 01.15 la chn mt trong bn kiu t tc trn. Vic thay i cc tham s la chn lng cc hay n cc o cc, v tc ln nht v nh nht ca quay thun, quay ngc. Tham s 01.11 t ON nu 01.11 = 0 th 10.03 = 0. Tham s 01.12 o cc tnh. Tham s 01.13 la chn 01.05 hay khng. a. Tham s 1.1: RO tc t trc khi b. Theo di gi tr ca tc t lin tc. Tham s 1.1 cng c s dng bt u khi ng cng vi 1.6. b. Tham gia 1.2: RO tc t sau khi b. Theo di gi tr ca tc t sau khi c thm 1.4 c. Tham s 1.3: RO t trc khi tr: Tc t trc khi c tr (tham kho thc n 2) d. Tham s 1.4: RW t b: gi tr t (t 1000 n +1000) c cng vo gi tr tc t 1.1. e. Tham s 1.5: RW t inch. L ngun ca tc t khi chn bi 1.13 (iu khin bi chn TB3 22 v TB3-23). Cung cp phng tin tin li t cc tc yu cu khc nhau. Phi nh hn tc cc i t bi 1.6 v 1.9. 47

 n tt nghip. f. Tham s 1.6. RW tc quay thun cc i. t gii hn di ca tc quay thun. Tc ny khng c ngha nu 1.10 1 s ngn s chnh lch gia tc cc tiu quay thun v quay ngc khi tc t vo l 0. h. Tham s 1.8: RW tc quay ngc cc tiu: t gii hn di ca tc quay thun. Tc ny khng c ngha nu 1.10=1 s ngn s chnh lch gia tc cc tiu quay ngc khi tc t vo l 0. i. Tham s 1.9:RW tc quay ngc cc i. t gii hn trn ca tc quay ngc. j. Tham s 1.10: RW la chn lng cc: Trong trng thi bnh thng (=1) cho php thit b tr li tn hiu tc t 1.2 trong trng hp hng quay c xc nh bi tn hiu lng cc. Cc tnh dng gy ra quay thun, cc m gy ra quay ngc. Khi 1.10=0 thit b tr li tn hiu theo kiu n cc, cc tnh m xem nh tc 0. Khi o chiu c xc nh bi 1.12 (4 gc phn t) k. Tham s 1.11RWt ON Mc nh l 0 nu TB3-21 khng kch hot . Khng th t l 1 tr phi TB3-21 c kch hot. Tham kho menu 8. iu khin bi TB3 25, 22, 23, 24. l. Tham s 1.12 RW la chn quay ngc.

48

 n tt nghip. Quay ngc khi o cc tnh ca tc t. N c hiu ng (trong 4 gc phn t) khi quay ngc tn hiu tc m khng quan tm n hng quay ca ng c. Mc nh bi TB3-25,22,23,24. m. Tham s 1.13RW la chn inch. Thay th tt c cc tc yu cu t bi 1.5. Mc nh 1.13, tc t bnh thng. iu khin bi TB3-22,23. n. Tham s 1.14RW t Selector1. Chn 1 v 3 hay 2 v 4. Bn gi tr ca 1.14 v 1.5 s cho php la chn mt trong bn gi tr ca 1.17 v 1.20. o. Tham s 1.15 RW t Selector2. Chn 1/2 hay 3/4 bn gi tr ca 1.14 v 1.15 s cho php la chn mt trong bn gi tr ca 1.17 v 1.20. p. Tham s 1.16 RW t ng b. Khng cho thit b chy cho n khi c tn hiu tc t. -16<1.1<+16 Phng tin ny tin li khi thao tc c an ton, v d trng hp y hay ko thit b. q. Tham s 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20 RW t t 1 n 4. Thng s 1.17 l mc nh tc t ngoi (ti TB1-3) vo 7.15 Thng s 1.19 v 1.20 mc nh cho chng trnh vo GP2 9Tb1 5) v GP3(TB1-6).

49

 n tt nghip.

3.6.2. Menu2. tr

50

 n tt nghip.

Thng qua tham s 02.02 cho ta la chn. + B qua chng trnh tr. 51

Hnh 3.8 s logic la chn tr

 n tt nghip. + Mt la chn ca tr quay thun v quay ngc trong iu khin chy bnh thng v mt tr ring cho ch inch. S logic ca tr c tnh linh hot cao, c 2 gi tr cho mt ch , v d: Tng thun 02.04 v 02.08, tng ngc 02.05 v 02.09Tham s 02.18 cho php chuyn gia 2 nhm . Ngoi ra cn c th thay i khng thng qua tham s 02.18 m thng qua tham s 02.14 n 02.17. Chng trnh tr c th iu khin bi chng trnh ngoi. kch hot 02.12 phi c s cho php ca 2 tham s 02.13 v 01.13. tr c th ngt bi tham s gia tr 02.03, gia tr ra ti gi tr hin thi khi t ln 1. Gi tr ca tc t sau khi qua tr c hin th bi tham s 02.01. a. Tham s 2.1 RO t sau khi tr. Hin th gi tr t sau b qua hay khi la chn tr b. Tham s 2.2 RW cho php tr. Nu t khng hot ng, gi tr ca 2.1 bng vi gi tr ca 1.3, b qua chng trnh tr. c. Tham s 2.3 RW gi tr. Gi u ra tr gi tr hin ti khi t l 1. Khi chng trnh iu khin tham s ny, tc ca thit b c iu khin t nt tng v gim thay v dng bin p. d. Tham s 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 RW nh ngha thi gian c dng tng tc da vo (1.3 =1000), hoc gim tc ny v khng. e. Tham s 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11 RW. nh ngha thi gian c dng tng tc da vo (1.3=1000), hoc gim tc t tc ny v khng. f. Tham s 2.12 RW nhp tr inch. La chn 1.13 = 1. nh ngha nhp tng tc 52

 n tt nghip. g. Tham s 2.13 =1 RW cho php tr inch. Chn tr (bi 2.12) khi khi ng. Nu khng chn, tr bnh thng 2.4 n 2.11 c s dng khi khi ng v hot ng. i. Tham s 2.18 RW la chn tr chung. Cho php la chn gia tt c tr ca nhm 1 nu 2.14 n 2.17 =0 hay tt c nhm 2. j. Tham s 2.19RW tnh tr. Khi 2.19 =1 th thi gian tr khi tng tc v gim tc c nhn 10.

3.6.3. Menu 3. La chn phn hi v mch vng tc . 53

 n tt nghip.

u vo ch o l tham s 02.01 v 03.18. Tc t c th ch l tc cng kt qu l tc 03.01 khi c thm phn hi tc tr thnh tc li 03.06. Tc li c x l bi hm PID thnh u ra ca mch vng tc 03.07. Phn hi tc c dn t mt trong ba ngun l: Phn hi s, my pht tc hoc in p phn ng. D ngun no cng tr thnh phn hi tc . 54

Hnh 3.9 s la chn phn hi v mch vng tc .

 n tt nghip. Nu in p phn ng c chn, n c b bi 03.05 (dn xut t tc li). Tham s 03.05 c cng hoc tr vo in p phn ng tu thuc vo phi b IR hoc gim IR thng qua 03.20. Phn hi in p i qua b so snh vi in p mc trnh qu in p phn ng. S dng khi khng dng in p phn ng l phn hi. Tham s 03.15 l mc so snh. Gi tr tc phn hi cn c s dng cho 2 mc ch na l: Thng bo tc (rmp) v thng bo tc khng. a. Tham s 3.1 RO tc yu cu khi vo mch vng tc . Hin th gi tr ca tc sau khi b qua hay tnh tr v tc cng (3.18) tc t (3.22). y l tc c gi ti mch vng tc theo im tc . b. Tham s 3.2 RO tc phn hi. Hin th gi tr ca tc phn hi, t mt trog ba ngun phn hi l pht tc, phn hi s hay in p phn ng. c. Tham s RO tc phn hi Gi tr ca tc phn hi ng c. Yu cu t ng 3.16, tc ti a. d. Tham s 3.4 RO in p phn ng. Hin th in p phn ng. e. Tham s 3.5 RO u ra b IR. L kt qu ca gi tr IR thm vo 3.17 hot ng theo mch vng tc u ra nguyn. f. Tham s 3.6 RO li tc . L kt qu ca tc yu cu v tc phn hi. g. Tham s 3.7 RO u ra ca mch vng tc . Tc quay thun yu cu thnh dng in yu cu (menu4). 55

 n tt nghip. h. Tham s 3.8 RO li tc bn trong. Gi tr tch hp ca 3.6, c s dng vo b b IR, khi dng phn hi in p phn ng (AVF). i. Tham s 3.9 RW cng P mch vng tc . Nguyn nhn ca li tc (=03.09 chia cho 8) Khi tng thm gi tr ny lm gim tin cy cu h thng, nu t qu cao h thng s khng n nh. Ti u nht l t gi tr cao nht trc khi xut hin s bt n. t ti u mch vng tc l s kt hp kho lo ca 3 cng ca b PID. j. Tham s 3.11 RW cng D mch vng tc . Nu u vo l li tc 3.6 th u ra l m khi li tc tng. Nu u vo l tc yu cu 3.1 th u ra l dng khi tc yu cu tng, c hiu ng lm gim. Nu u vo l tc phn hi 3.2 th u ra l n khi tc phn hi tng. N c hiu ng lm gim, nhng ph thuc vo gi tr ca tc phn hi khng ph thuc vo tc t. l. Tham s 3.12 RW la chn phn hi s. t l 1 khi chn phn hi s. t l 0 khi chn phn hi tng t. m. Tham s 3.13 RW la chn phn hi in p phn ng tng t. Xc nh loi phn hi tng t t my pht tc hay ngun ngoi ni ti TB1-9. n. Tham s 3.14 RW t l phn hi s. Gi tr t tng ng vi tc cc i ca ng c v vi gi tr ca b phn hi s. Tnh c bng 750* 106 chia N*n Gi tr mc nh xc nh trn c s 1024 hng m ho (ca phn hi s) v tc ti a 1750 vng/pht. Tn s cc i cho phn hi s l 105kHz. o. Tham s 3.15 RW in p phn ng cc i. t in p cc i cho php p dng cho phn ng. Khi in p chn phn hi (3.12=0 v 3.13 =1), gi tr in p cc i ny l gi tr o khi in 56

 n tt nghip. p phn ng tht l cc i. Cho php in p phn ng lin tc tng cho n khi vt tc t ti 3.15. N dng ngn nga in p tng qu mt gi tr no . p. Tham s 3.16 RW tc ti a. nh gi tc phn hi hin th 3.3 l tc thc t v/ph. Gi tr ca 3.16 phi l tc cc i ca ng c (khi tc ng c ln hn 1999v/ph th tc hin th 3.3 chia cho 10). q. Tham s 3.17 RW b . 3.5=(3.8)*(3.17) chia 2048 Gi tr ny c s dng tnh ton in p phn ng. B IR l phn hi dng. chng li s tng p t bin. r. Tham s 3.18 t tc cng. Tc t a vo mch vng tc khng qua tr. s. Tham s 3.19RW la chn tc cng. Nu 3.19 RW t l1 v 11.11=1 th tc t cng 3.18 c them vo mch vng tc . t. Tham s 3.20 RW la chn IR. Nu 3.20 =1 th khi s dng in p phn ng l phn hi tc , tc s gim b. u. Tham s 3.21 RW la chn u ra tr. Khi 3.21=1 tr c thm vo mch vng tc . v. Tham s 3.22 RW tc b. c s dng v tn hiu tc khng. Ngng ca gi tr t vt qu 25.5% tc cc i. Tham kho 10.9 x. Tham s 3.24 RW la chn ngun. B PID trong mch vng tc s dng mt trong ba ngung. 1=tc li 3.6 lm gim s bin i ca tc yu cu v phn hi 57

 n tt nghip. 2=tc t 3.1 vn hnh thun. 3=tc phn hi 3.2 ch gim s bin i ca phn hi. y. Tham s 3.25 RW do tc li: Bng 256 chia 96f*(3.25)) Lc tn hiu tc 3.4 z1. Tham s 3.26 RO u vo my pht tc. Hin th phn hi ca pht tc. Pht tc dng bo tc ng c, 3.26 =1000. n v hin th l 0.1%. z2. Tham s 3.27 RO phm vi tc phn hi. 3.27=0 3.27=1 3.16 c dng n v l v/pht. 3.16 chia cho 10

58

 n tt nghip.

3.6.4. Menu 4: La chn v gii hn dng in

59

Hnh 4.10:La chn v gii hn dng in

 n tt nghip. Thng s vo ch o l 03.07 kt hp kim mmen hoc iu khin dng in tng ng vi tham s 04.08 v 04.09. u ra s l tham s 04.02. trc khi ra ti tham s 04.02. Su bt tham s t 04.12 n 04.17 xavs nh ch iu khin ca tc dng in, s gc phn t. Mt c tnh ni tri ca thc n ny l ch t ng gii hn dng in2 (04.07. Cho php gii hn dng in 2 c s dng sau mt thi gian tr c chn. c ng dng khi m men khi ng cao, sau gim dn. a. Tham s 4.1 RO dng in yu cu. Tn hiu dng in yu cu c a vo mch vng dng in khi thit b ch iu khin tc . Tn hiu c gii hn bi 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 trc khi qua mch vng dng in. b. Tham s 4.2 RO dng in yu cu khi vo mch vng dng in. Dng in yu cu khi ra khi mch vng dng in (menu5) sau khi c gii hn. c. Tham s 4.3 RO gii hn dng in vt ngng. y l gi tr gii hn ca dng in yu cu v l kt qu ca tc ph thuc dng in hoc dng in gii hn 2 (nu chn), nhng ci g thp hn. Tham kho tham s minh ho trong s logic 4. d. Tham s 4.4 RW gii hn dng in 1. Tham s ny cung cp dng in gii hn cho cu 1 v 2 v l chun ca cc hm dng in chun dn ti 4.20 v 4.21. Dng in gii hn 1 c th p dng trong khi cng sut motor nh hn ca thit b, khi ti s l cc in tr. e. Tham s 4.5 RW gii hn dng in cu 1. Xc nh gii hn dng in yu cu cc i ca cu 1, khi n ang hot ng. Cc nguyn nhn khc ca im gii hn c b qua. f. Tham s 4.6 RW gii hn dng in cu 2.

60

 n tt nghip. Xc nh gii hn dng in yu cu cc i ca cu 2, khi n ang hot ng. Cc nguyn nhn khc ca im gii hn c b qua. g. Tham s 4.7 RW dng in gii hn 2. Ta c th b xung dng in gii hn ti c 2 cu. Thit b c th t ng chn 4.5 sau khi c tn hiu run mt khong thi gian. Tham kho 4.10, 4.18, 4.19 h. Tham s 4.8 RW t mmen. Gi tr ny a vo mch vng dng in v c th s dng iu khin trc tip dng in (mmen ng c). i. Tham s 4.9 RW dng in b. Dng in b vo 4.1 j. Tham s 4.10 RW la chn dng in gii hn2. t 4.10 =1 chn dng in gii hn 2. C th iu chnh t ng. Tham kho 4.18, 4.19k. Tham s 4.11 RW la chn dng in b t 4.11 =1 chn dng in b. l. Tham s 4.12 RW ch bit 0. t 4.12 =1 kt hp vi 4.13 iu khin tc hoc ba kiu iu khin mmen. Tham kho 4.13. m. Tham s 4.13 RW ch bit 1. t 4.13 =1 chn, kt hp vi 4.12 iu khin tc hoc ba kiu iu khin mmen. + 4.12 =0, 4.13 =0 iu khin tc (bnh thng) + 4.12 =1, 4.13 =0 dng in c bn hay iu khin mmen. Ch ny mmen t ti 4.8 vo mch vng dng din v ph tuc vo 4.3, 4.5, 4.6 v s st dng in 5.4.

61

 n tt nghip. + 4.12 = 0, 4.13 = iu khin mmen vi i tc . Ch ny u ra ca mch vng tc lin quan ti gi tr ca 4.8 v 3.6 dng hay m. Trong 2 gc phn t ch ng c, tc gii hn bi gi tr cu 3.1, trnh tc tng vt khi ti c loi b. Thit b cn phi c iu chnh chy c khng ti, nn phi m bo dng in yu cu mi tc . Trong 2 gc phn t ch hm, dng in yu cu t bi 4.8 c v hiu ho khi tc thp hn tc yu cu 3.1. N lm ngn nga mmen ti gim khi o chiu quay. Gi tr ca 3.1 phi l khng. Nhc im ca ch ny l khng th cung cp mmen trong khi khi ng v hm. Thng s 4.8 kim sot dng in gii hn. t 4.12 =1, 4.13 =1. Ch ny cho php mmen c cm bin tng hoc gim, khi ngn nga tng t ngt ca tc hoc o chiu nu ti bng khng. i vi my cun, b 1.4 dng phi c 3.1 ln hn ng tc t. Khi l u gim tc th mmen c th s m. Khi phn hi tc li l m th mmen c gim. i vi my t b 1.4 m ti tc khng, ( tc li m l cn thit to ra mmen m trnh xung khc ti t khng). Trong khi ng tc t tng, 3.1 tr thnh dng. Khi tc phn hi l dng, tc khng s t ng la chn mi khi mmen yu cu m- thao tc bnh thng- nu mmen yu cu l dng th gi tr ca 3.1 s l tc yu cu, v s tng mmen, min l tc l khng ln hn 3.1 ng dng cun v t, ng tc t s tng ng vi tc l khi ng knh ti thiu. n. Tham s 4.14 RW cho php gc phn t th nht. Gc phn t th nht c chn th ng c quay thun, tc v mmen u mang gi tr dng. o. Tham s 4.15 RW cho php gc phn t th 2. Gc phn t th hai l hm, tc m v mmen dng. p. Tham s 4.16 RW cho php gc phn t th 3.

62

 n tt nghip. Gc phn t th ba l ng c qyau ngc, tc v m men u mang gi tr m. q. Tham s 4.17 RW cho php gc phn t th t. Gc phn t th t l hm, tc dng v mmen m. r. Tham s 4.18 RW cho php t ng bin i dng in gii hn 2. Khi c chn, dng in gii hn 2 s t ng chuyn ln 1 sau mt thi gian t 4.19. Thit b c th c chng trnh ho 4.19 sau khi c tn hiu RUN. s. Tham s 4.19 RW b m dng in gii hn. Khong thi gian c th ln ti 255 giy. Nu 4.18 =1, dng in gii hn 2 s t ng chn khi c lnh RUN. c tnh ny thch hp vi nhng ng dng nh my trn, ni ti bt u cao, sau thp, gi tr ny ch khng i khi my chy c mt thi gian. t. Tham s 4.20 RW ngng dng in 1. t ngng ca phn hi tc , 4.24 chuyn ln 1 bo qu ngng, v l im bt u ca taperq1. Dng in phn ng gim, nh hm tc , ti 4.22. Tham s ny c s dng nh ngng tc . Nu ch c taper 1 s dng th phi l taper1. Nu c hai u s dng th taper 1 l u tin. u. Tham s 4.21 RW ngng dng in2. t gi tr ngng cho phn hi tc , 4.25 chuyn ln 1 bo c s vt ngng, l im bt u cho taper 2. Dng in phn ng gim, nh hm tc , ti 4.22. Tham s ny c s dng nh ngng tc . v. Tham s 4.22 dc dng in 1. t nhp bin i ca dng in gii hn phn ng, ngng trn c t bi 4.20 w. Tham s 4.23 dc dng in 2. 63

 n tt nghip. t nhp bin i ca dng in gii hn phn ng, ngng trn c t bi 4.21. x. Tham s 4.24 RO vt ngng 1. t l 1 khi vt ngng 4.20 y. Tham s 4.25 RO vt ngng 2 t l 1 khi vt ngng 4.21

3.6.5 Mch vng tc

64

 n tt nghip.

65
Hnh 3.11S lgic mch vng dng in

 n tt nghip. y l khu cui x l tc v mmen v phn hi xc nh tn hiu gc m. u vo ch o l dng in yu cu 04.02. Dng in phn hi sau khi so snh c a ti 05.02. Phn hi dng in cng l mt hm quan trng bo v thit b. Tn hiu phn hi hin th lin quan ti la chn ngng qu ti, v c sa i theo gi tr c lp trnh trc thi im qu ti. Hia tham s thit lp thi gian qu ti cho php lp thi gian lm mt ng c di hn thi gian lm m ng c. a. Tham s 5.2 RO phn hi dng in. Tn hiu dng in phn hi c ly t bin dng. N dng khp kn mch v phn nh dng in phn ng qua bo v ng c. b. Tham s 5.2 RO dng in phn hi qmps Tn hiu dng in phn hi, c sa i bi scaling. Tham kho 5.5 c. Tham s 5.3 RO gc m. y l u ra ca mch vng dng in, v u ra ti ASIC, n pht ra xung m. 5.3 = 1023 hon l pha thun. d. Tham s 5.4 RW gii hn s thay i. Tham s ny gii hn s thay i ln ca dng in yu cu. i vi mt s ng c kiu c, c bit l khi cch in khng tt s gy phng h quang trong cun dy. S=Imax*6f*(5.4)/l256 e. Tham s 5.5 RW tnh dng in cc i. Dng in ra cc i c scale bi thng s ny, n khng c tc dng bo v ng c. t 5.5 bng tnh ton. 5.5 = Imax/l10 nu Imax>1999A 5.5 = Imax nu 200 A <Imax<1999A 5.5 = Imax* 10 nu Imax<200A f. Tham s 5.6 RW ngng qu ti. 66

 n tt nghip. t ngng ca dng in phn hi m khi s bo v qu ti c bt u. g. Tham s 5.7 RW thi gian cho php qu ti (nng). L thi gian cho 5.6 s dng phi hp vi 5.8 sao cho 5.7<5.8. Tham kho menu 10 v tham s 10.8. T=(5.7)*(1000-(5.6))/((5.1) 5.6) h. Tham s 5.8 RW thi gian cho php qu ti (lnh). L thi gian cho 5.6 s dng phi hp vo 5.8 sao cho 5.7 <5.8. Tham kho menu 10 v tham s 10.8. t =(5.7)*(1000-(5.6))l/((5.1)-(5.6)) i. Tham s 5.9 RW cho php t iu chnh T ng iu chnh mch vng dng in trong khi khi ng. Khng c t thng ca ng c nu c mt li ca t thng (L11, L12 h mch). Nu quan st cc yu cu ca thit b. Cho php t ng iu chnh hon thnh. Rle drive ready s m khong 50ms sau tham s t ng iu chnh s khng hot ng na (5.9=0). Mc ch ca qu trnh ny cho php qu trnh t iu chnh bt u khi c run permit. iu ny l cn thit i vi ng c xc nh hng quay. Ghi ch: 1. Rle drive ready v run pmit s hot ng n khp nhau. 2. Nu ng c vn hnh bi iu khin t thng (menu6), t trng s c ngt t ng. j. Tham s 5.10 RW gim bt endstop Cho php in p phn ng tng, trong khi hm ti (1.16)* in p ngun. t (5.10)=1 tng an ton nhng lm gim bt s ti sinh ca in p phn ng cc i ti (1.5)* in p ngun. k. Tham s 5.11 RO qu ti thc t. 67

 n tt nghip. Hin th gi tr ca thi gian dng in qu ti. Gi tr xc nh bi 5.6, 5.7 v 5.8 khi qu ti xut hin. Qu ti khi 5.11 t n gi tr gn vi.
(1000-(5.6)) * 10/16

Gi tr ca 5.11 tng hoc gim l iu khin bi gi tr ca 5.7 v 5.8 tng ng. l. Tham s 5.12 RW cng I gin on. S c t ng iu chnh bi tham s 5.9 tham s ny sa li ca gc m trong vng dng in gin on. Nu 5.15 c t chnh xc. 5.12 s c hiu chnh nh. Nhng nu qu cao s gy bt n nh ((5.12)/(5.12)). m. Tham s 5.13 RW cng P lin tc. S c t ng iu chnh bi tham s 5.9. Tham s ny cho php mch vng dng in qua tng bc bin i ca dng in. Nhng nu qu cao s gy qu ti. Nu qu thp th gi tr dng in mi s t c chm ((5.14)/(10.24). o. Tham s 5.15 RW hng s ng c. Tham s ny c s dng scale dng in yu cu yu cu sao cho mch vng iu khin on ng gc m trong vng dng in gin on. N t ng t bi thng s 5.9. p. Tham s 5.17 RW phm vi dng in phn hi. Nu 5.16 = 0 th 5.5 t l amps*1 Nu 5.16 =1 th 5.5 t l amps*10. V d thit b M25 (5.5)=25 A*1.5*10=375 Nu 5.16=2 th 5.5 t l amps*0.1. V d thit b M1850 (5.5)=1850*1.5*0.1=277 q. Tham s 5.18 RW ngn gc m. Nu t l 1, cu s khng m (c 2 cu), v t li tr tng v gim r. Tham s 5.18 Rwcho php dng logic. 68

 n tt nghip. Khi tc ng gc m s hon ton c nh dn, khi thit b nhn c lnh STOP v khi tc gim xung di 0.8% tc cc i. Sau mt thi gian tr ngn, cu s kho c ng dng trong trng hp khng yu cu duy tr mmen ng c khi dng li, tham kho 5.19 s. Tham s 5.19 RW ch 5.19 =0, 5.18 c hot ng sau khi c lnh stop hoc t l khng, 5.19=1, 5.18 c hot ng ch khi c lnh stop t 5.19 =1 khng c nh hng ti 5.18 khi ang c tn hiu dng. iu khin ny cho php tc trt, nh hng quay, v cc lin quan khc khi tc gn khng. t. Tham s 5.20 RW cho php iu khin trc tip gc m. Khi hot ng, gc m 5.3 c iu khin bi gi tr ca tham s 2.1. Ch ny l gi tr chun on ca h thng, c bit l khi bt n nh tnh t lc cho php iu khin thit b m khng c nh hng ca mch vng tc hay mch vng dng in, do loi tr hiu ng ca chng. Ghi ch. Phi c k hng dn. Khi t tham s 2.1, ti khng c s bo v khi tng tc qu mc, in p ra hay dng in s tng vt. Cng ch t 5.20 =0 sau khi hon thnh kim tra. u. Tham s 5.21 RW cho php cu 2 kho ngoi. Yu cu ch t cho 12 xung song song 4 gc phn t gm 2 thit b s chia s, ngn nga mt thit b s dng cu trong khi thit b khc vn ang cn s dng v. Tham s 5.22 RW khng cho php iu khin thch ng. t 5.22 =1 v hiu ho iu khin thch ng. Khi iu khin thch ng l hot ng (mc nh) mch vng dng in c 2 thut ton khc nhau, mt trong p dng cho vng dng in gin on. N khng c p dng khi ng c khng ti, iu khin thch ng s v hiu ho. w. Tham s 5.23 RW cho php n iu khin 12 xung. 69

 n tt nghip. Khi hot ng thit b s hot ng bnh thng v gc m tr bi 12 knh n. Khng th cho hot ng khi 4.16 v 4.17 hot ng. Trong 6 xung ca SCR, dng in s khng lin tc ngun AC cung cp chu trnh 1800 th ti nhn c 1200. 12 xung ca SCR, ngun AC s cung cp 3600 v dng in s gn ging hnh sin Mt li th l dng in DC s lin tc hn khi c 12 xung, v l mt u im ca n. 12 xung kp ca thit b ch 4 gc phn t 12 xung x. Tham s 5.24 RO 12 xung ni tip hot dng. Tham s ny phi c t ch 1 hay 4 gc phn t 12 xung. Tham s 5.23 s c tnh bi phn mm khi bt thit b v trong sut qu trnh khi ng. Nu cu 2 hot ng khi 5.23 ang c, u ra khng i hng v 5.23 s t v 0. Ghi ch: ch 12 xung chiu quay s c xc nh bi s kt hp ca L1, L2, L3 (10.11=1) y. Tham s 5.25 RW 12 xung song song hot ng. Tham s ny s cho ng c hot ng ch 1 hay 4 gc phn t. Ch 4 gc phn t, tham s 5.12 phi t l 1 v F10 c nhp vo mi thit b s ni u ra STT5 ca thit b khc. ng thi, chn ni ca c 2 thit b phi c ni. z. Tham s 5.26 RW chuyn cu. Khi hot ng (=1) tham s 5.26 l an ton khi chuyn cu. iu ny i hi cun kch t ng c cao.

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 n tt nghip.

3.6.6. Menu 6: iu khin t thng

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MentorII c trang b iu khin t thng. Nu ng c ly ngun kch t bn ngoi th thc n ny khng cn tc dng. Thit b c sn 2 gi tr la chn dng in kch t cc i. Hn na, gi gtr thp hn dng in kch 72

Hnh 3.12.iu khin t thng

 n tt nghip. t cc i c iu khin bi mt timer khi thit b khng chy. T thng c th t ng chuyn sang ch ti u. u ra ca mch vng dng in kch t l gc m Tiristor. Dng in kch t c th iu khin trc tip bng tham s dng in kch t cc i. 06.08 v 06.09 qua iu khin tr tip gc m thng qua chuyn i 06.09. u vo ch o l in p phn ng v tham s 06.07. Dng in kch t yu cu l u ra cu mch vng in p back emf v i qua gii hn ca dng in kch t cc i v cc tiu. Dng in kch t yu cu cc i khi back emf tnh ton nh hn gi tr im t. Khi no gi tr tnh ton vt qua gi tr im t th mch vng in p gim dng in kch t ywu cu iu chnh back emf tnh ton ti gi tr im t. Ngoi ra, ngi s dng c th khng s dng mch vng in p nhng thm vo mt dng in yu cu. C th t 2 tham s gi tr dng in kch t. Trong ch ny, gi tr ca im t back emf s t cc i, sao cho mch vng in p lun yu cu dng in kch t cc i. Dng in yu cu c la chn tham s dng in kch te cc i. a. Tham s 6.1 RO back emf Tnh ton back emf ng c bi in p phng ng tr i b gi tr 2, (6.5) b. Tham s 6.2 RO dng in kch t yu cu Dng in yu cu t mch vng emf, gii hn bi 6.8, 6.9, 6.10 c. Tham s 6.3 RO dng in kch t phn hi. Phn hi ca mch vng dng in kch t. d. Tham s 6.4RO gc m. Cho 6.4 =1000 tng ng vi quay thun e. Tham s 6.5 RO u vo 2 b IR Gi tr ny kt hp vi 6.6 l u vo ca li tc .

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 n tt nghip. f. Tham s 6.6 RW b 2 IR Nhn t ny dng tnh ton IR phn ng, tnh ton in p phn ng cho php back emf c tnh. Nu 6.20 =0 th (6.5) = (3.8)*(6.6) chia 2048 Nu 6.20 =1 th (6.5) = (4.2)*(6.6) chia 2048 g. Tham s 6.7 t im back emf Gi tr ca back emf phn ng, ti thi im t trng yu i. C th coi l in p khi t n tc c s. h. Tham s 6.8 RW dng in kch t cc i 1. Gi tr dng in yu cu max ca mch vng emf. Nu iu khin kch t s dng ch dng in, tham s ny s l dng in t cho mch vng iu khin kch t, v im back emf l mc nh s l cc i ngn nga spillover xut hin, cch khc, nu bo v qu in p bi spillover yu cu, th im back emf s l in p phn ng cc i i. Tham s 6.9 RW dng in kch t cc i 2. Thay th 6.7 c hiu qu hn. Tham kho 6.12, 6.14 v 6.15 j. Tham s 6.10 RW dng in kch t cc tiu Gi tr nh nht ca dng in yu cu, ngn nga gim t thng. k. Tham s 6.11 RW t l dng in kch t phn hi. Tham s 6.11 cho php ngi s dng iu chnh dng in phn hi, u ra ca gi tr 6.3, dng in max l 2 A hay 8A ph thuc vo v tr ca link J1 Ghi ch: Thit b c th s dng th MDA3, dng in cc i l 10A, Tham s 6.11 ly gi tr t 101 n 110 v dng in kch t t 0.5 A n 5A vi mt bc 0.5A. iu khin t thng c th c thc hin khc bi b iu khin t thng (chng9) cho dng in kch t max 20A. 74

 n tt nghip.

l. Tham s 6.12 RW thi gian tit kim t thng. cho php thit b chn t thng max 2 mt cch t ng sau khi thit b ngng trong khong vi giy c chn trong thng s ny. trnh cun dy khng b qua nhit nu thit b dng m qut gi ng c tt, hay duy tr gim dng in kch t khi ng c khng s dng. m. Tham s 6.13 RW cho php iu khin t thng n. Tham s 6.14 RW chn t thng cc i 2. t l 1 khi t thng max2 . T ng iu chnh bi 6.12 nu 6.15 t l1. La chn thi gian tr (tham kho 6.12). o. Tham s 6.15 RW la chn mch vng dng in kch t. Khi hot ng (=1) tham s 6.14 s t ng iu khin bi 6.12 p. Tham s 6.16 RW la chn mch vng dng in kch t. Khi t l (=0), mch vng t thng gim. N c p dng khi khng n nh. q. Tham s 6.17 RW mch vng in p. t 6.17 =1 tng ln gp i. r. Tham s 6.18 RW cho phpb mch vng tc . Tham s ny iu chnh mch vng tc (menu3) b khi t thng bin ng gim trong lc iu khin t thng v mmen khng thay i ng k. G=06.08/l06.02 (h s iu chnh mch vng tc ) s. Tham s 6.19 RW iu khin trc tip gc m. Cho php 6.8 iu khin trc tip gc m. Cho php hot ng m khng c in p hoc mch vng dng in, cho mc ch chun on. Ghi ch: Ch ny khng bo v qu in p v dng in kch t. t. Tham s 6.20 RW la chn thay th b so snh IR2. 75

 n tt nghip. Mc nh khi 3.8 =0 v 1.20 =1. Xc nh ngun b IR2. Ngun la chn c th l li tc 3.8 hay t tc cng 1.20. u. Tham s 6.21 RW gc m khi endstop Hn ch gc m khi in p cao t ln cun dy phn kch t. v. Tham s 6.22 RW la chn iu khin v na iu khin. Mc nh l 0 (na iu khin). na iu khin hoc hon ton. C th dng FXM5 iu khin t thng. S dng FXM5 iu khin ch hon ton, t 6.22=1 v LK3 v tr full control 3.6.7. Menu 10: Tnh trng logic v chun on a. Tham s 10.1 RO vn tc thun 0=thit b ng yn hoc chy ngc. 1=thit b chy thun ln hn ngng tc khng. Khi phn hi bng pht tc, TB 9 m vi u khng TB1-10 Khi phn hi bng in p phn ng, A1 dng vi u khng A2 Khi phn hi bng phn hi s, knh A nhanh hn knh B b. Tham s 10.2 RO vn tc ngc. 0=thit b ng yn hoc chy thun. 1=thit b chy thun ln hn ngng tc khng. Khi phn hi bng pht tc, TB 9 m vi u khng TB1-10 Khi phn hi bng in p phn ng, A1 dng vi u khng A2 Khi phn hi bng phn hi s, knh A nhanh hn knh B Ghi ch: Nu 10.1=10.2, ng c ng yn hoc chy nh hn ngng tc khng. Trong iu kin ny, 10.9=1 v en LED zero speed sng. c. Tham s 10.3 RO dng in gii hn 0= thit b khng gii hn dng in 1= thit b trong gii hn dng in.

76

 n tt nghip. Ch bo rng tng dng in yu cu 4.1 v 4.9 c gii hn bi 4.3 hoc bi mt cu gii hn. d. Tham s 10.4 RO cho php cu 1. Ch bo rng cu 1 (chy thun hay cu dng) c m. Nhng khng nht thit rng cu ang hot ng, c th do s truyn dn ph thuc vo gc m hay iu kin hot ng. f. Tham s 10.6 RO pha in. 0=xung m khng thc hin 1=xung m thc hin (ti lc dng) Ch bo rng thit b t ti tc t, 2.1 =1.3 v so snh 3.1 vi 3.2 kt qu trong mt li tc <1.5% tc ti a. Tn hiu ngoi nhn c qua u ra ST2 ti chn TB2-16 nu 9.13 t mc nh. h. Tham s 10.8 RO qu tc Ch bo rng phn hi tc 3.2 >1000, tc vt khi phm vi ng c ang chy nhanh hn tc cc i ca thit b. Hm ny ch thng bo khng truyn li tnh hiu i. Tham s 10.9 RO tc khng t tc phn hi 3.2 < tc ngng khng 3.23 tham kho 10.1, 10.2 j. Tham s 10.10 RO gi in p phn ng Khi 10.10 c kch hot th cn tr in p phn ng khng tng thm na. Tham kho 3.15 k. Tham s 10.11 RO o pha Chiu quay c xc nh t L1, L2, L3 Ghi ch: Vic ni E1 v E3 phi chnh xc. Tham kho hnh v 2.2 l. Tham s 10.12 RO: Tnh trng thit b 1= thit b hot ng v khng c li. 77

 n tt nghip. m. Tham s 10.13 RO bo ng. 0= khng bo ng 1= bo ng sp xy ra qu ti. Ch bo rng thit b qu ti v s vwotj qua qu ti 10.18 nu qu ti khng mt i thi gian vt qua qu ti tu thuc vo s thit t ca 5.6 v 5.7 v qu ti. Ch nh m bo ng kch hot l en LED alam sng. Tnh hiu ngoi c cung cp qua u ra ST3 ti chn TB 17 min l tham s 9.19 l mc nh. n. Tham s 10.14 RO mt t thng. 0= cn t thng 1= mt t thng Ch bo rng, khng c dng in c cung cp vo kch t o. Tham s 10.15 RO mt phn hi 0= c phn hi 1= mt phn hi tc hoc o cc tnh Ch bo rng khng c tn hiu phn hi, hay cc tnh b o. Mt phn hi khng c pht hin cho n khi gc m tin ti gi tr ca 5.3>767. iu kin ny ngn nga t pht hin 10.30 p. Tham s 10.16 RO mt ngun hay pha Ch bo s mt mt hoc nhiu pha ni ti L1, L2, L3 c th v hiu ho bi 10.31 q. Tham s 10.17 RO Ch bo rng dng in ln hn 2 ln dng in max xut hin. Xung m c trit tiu, thit b c ngt. r. Tham s 10.18 RO qu ti 0= s qu ti cha c pht hin 1= s qu ti c pht hin 78

 n tt nghip. Ch bo rng phn hi dng in 5.1 vt ngng qu ti 5.11 gim v khng. iu ny c t 5.7 khi dng in > ngng v t 5.8 khi dng in < ngng. chnh l thi gian vt qua qu ti (5.1 = 1000). Hm ny m phng hot ng ca ci rle nhit v c tnh nhit ca ng c. s. Tham s 10.19 RO h thng gim st 1 Khi thit b hot ng bnh thng b ng h gim st s t hot ng nh k bi b gim st 1. H thng s tt thit b khi gim st thy tn hiu li. t. Tham s 10.20 RO h thng gim st 2 u. Tham s 10.21 qu nhit ng c. 10.21 =1 ch bo rng c li u vo nhit in tr ng c v. Tham s 10.22 RO qu nhit cnh tn nhit 10.22=1 ch bo rng SCR qu nhit in tr ng c. w. Tham s 10.23 RO bo ho mch vng tc 0=khng bo ho 1=bo ho Ch bo rng, u ra ca mch vng tc , dng in yu cu 4.1 thu c l gii hn. Bi v ng dng ca mt gii hn dng in hay mt dng in khng, v xut hin khi ng c chy chm. x. Tham s 10.24RO dng in yu cu khng 0=dng in yu cu>0 1= dng in yu cu =0 Ch bo dng in yu cu ang ti khng. N c th xut hin khi mt ti t ngt, thit b ch iu khin mmen vi tc tng qu. Tc c th t ti ngng l nguyn nhn gy ra mch vng tc gim dng in yu cu khng ti Y1) Tham s 10.25RO Y2) tham s 10.26RO 79

 n tt nghip. Y3) Tham s 10.27RO Y4) Tham s 10.28RO Bn tham s ny cung cp cho ta lin tc 4 li xy ra. Chng c cp nht khi mt li mi xut hin Z1) Tham s 10.29RW trnh hin tng mt t thng Z2) Tham s 10.30RW trnh hin tng mt phn hi Ngn nga thit b li khi phn hi tc mt. Trong trng hp Z3) Tham s 10.31 RW trnh mt pha ngun Ngn nga thit b li khi mt pha ca ngun, cho php thit b b qua s gin on ca ngun Z4) Tham s 10.32 RW trnh ng c qu nhit Ngn nga thit b li khi cm bin nhit ng c lm thay i in tr Z5) Tham s 10.33 RW trnhqu nhit tn nhit Ngn nga thit b li khi cm bin nhit ca tn nhit ln hn 1000C Z6) Tham s 10.34 RW li ngoi Nu thit b bnh thng, 10.35 =0. Nu c li ngoi, ngi s dng c th lp trnh iu khin (tham kho menu8). N c th c kim sot thng qua cng ni tip. Z7) Tham s 10.35 RW x l li 2 Nu thit b bnh thng, 10.35 = 0Gi tr ca 10.35 lin tc c theo di bi b x l. Thit b s bo li ngay khi c thng tin ni tip, hay b x l 2. Nu 10.35 = 255 th ging nh RESET. Z5) Tham s 10.33 RW trnh mt vch vng dng in Khi 10.36 = 1 mt mch vng dng in 3.6.8 Menu11: hn hp a) Tham s 11.11 RW a ch ni tip 80

 n tt nghip. nh ngha a ch duy nht ca thit b khi ni nhiu thit b. Khi > = 100 th t l 99. b) Tham s 11.12RW tc truyn C hai tc truyn tin tiu chun. - 0 =4800 baud - 1 = 9600baud Phi t trc khi hot ng c) Tham s 11.13RW kiu truyn tin ni tip nh ngha kiu truyn tin. C 3 kiu: trong kiu mt ng dng trong n Kiu 1: truyn tin gia thit b v cng c iu khin nh my tnh, PLC d) Tham s 11.15 RO b x l 1 Hin th thng s phn mm thit t cho b x l 1. e) Tham s 11.16RO b x l 2 B x l 2 dng cho phn mm c bit. f) Tham s 11.17RW m bo v mc 3 Nu tham s ny = 0, tt c cc tham s RW c cp nht tu m khng c m an ton no. t 00 = 1 v bm nt RESET. g) Tham s 11.18RW Thit b t tham s S dng thit t tham s ti bn phm h) Tham s 11.19 RW chng trnh ngun ni tip nh ngha bi mt thng s vo hoc ra. Khi kiu truyn tin 2 v 3 c chn. Tham kho 11.13 i) Tham s 11.20RW p dng khi kiu truyn tin 3. Tham kho 11.13 j) Tham s 11.21RW byte LED Gi tr hin th tng ng thp phan vi bit mu 81

 n tt nghip. - Bt 7 cnh bo - Bt 6 tc khng - Bt 5 chy thun - Bt 4 chy ngc - Bt 3 cu 1 - Bt 2 cu 2 - Bt 1 tc - Bt 0 gii hn dng in k) ) Tham s 11.22RW hm LED khi 11.12 = 1 hm LED c th iu khin bi thng tin ni tip hay x l 2. LED hin th nh phn tng ng vi gi tr ca 11.21

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CHNG 4: CHNG TRNH PHN MM NG DNG 4.1 t vn Mentor II c kh nng kt ni vi cc thit b bn ngoi, PLC, my tnh. Khi mun iu chnh tc ca ng c ta iu chnh bng bin tr ni vo 3 u TB3- 1, TB3- 2 v TB3- 3. ng thi ta c th iu chnh cc tham s ca Mentor II bng bn phm ca thc n, tham s v d liu. V vy ngi s dng khng bit c ngha ca tham s ny nu cha tm hiu. khc phc nhc im ny Mentor II c phn mm MentorSoft dng gi d liu t my tnh qua cng Com n Mentor II. Phn mm MentorSoft l phn mm kh mnh ca Control Techniques. C th iu khin mi tham s k c khi ang hot ng ch bo mt( iu ny khng cho php truy cp bn phm ca Mentor II ). Ngoi ra cn h tr cc mc hng dn v ngha ca tham s. Tuy nhin phn mm ny kh phc tp, trc khi s dng phi tm hiu v Mentor II v MentorSoft. 4.2 Phn mm MentorSoft ca Mentor II. MentorSoft l phn mm cho php iu khin v hin th y tt c cc tham s bn trong Mentor II.

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Hnh 4.1: Giao din chnh ca MentorSoft Mentor II c hai kiu truyn thng c bn l ONLINE vOFFLINE. ch ONLINE my tnh c ni Mentor II qua cng ni tip. D liu ca thit b c hin th ln. Cc tham s c, ghi v s thc n s c truy nhp bt k lc no. ch OFFLINE MentorSoft khng yu cu kt ni vi Mentor II. Mi tham s c th c hin th v thay i. Mn hnh hin th ca MentorSoft c 4 phn chnh: Trng thi thc n v truyn thng. La chn thc n Sa i tham s Mn hnh hin th chnh. Trng thi v mu ca n LED truyn thng ch bo trng thi truyn thng ca MentorSoft. n LED c 3 trng thi: Mu xanh l cy: M cng v truyn d liu thnh cng Mu : M cng nhng khng gi d liu Mu en: Khng m cng 84

 n tt nghip. Danh sch hin th

Hnh 4.2 danh sch hin th cho php ngi s dng la chn hnh hin th. Ta cng c th thay i bng cch kch vo mi tn ngang Pha trn bn phi mn hnh chnh. Bng trng thi ch tnh trng truyn thng hin thi v trnh by chi tit truyn thng khi thit b kim tra hoc gi d liu mi cho tham s. Nu dng ch mu en, truyn thng hot ng bnh thng. Nu dng ch mu , truyn thng b li. Pha bn di l phn hin th gi tr ca in p, dng in phn ng v tc t. Ngoi ra cn c thm mt gi tr bt k c hin th tu thuc vo ngi s dng. Giao din so snh cho php mt thc n hin th di dng mt danh sch gi tr ca cc tham s trong thc n c hin th vi gi tr mc nh ca n. Trong mc DisplayType and Mondel l ni ta chn loi Mentor II m ta cn iu khin. V quan trng hn la chn ng ch lm vic ca Mentor II . Ngha l ngi s dng phi bit c Mentor II ang mc theo s ni dy mt gc phn t hay bn gc phn t chn cho ng

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Hnh 4.3: Giao din so snh ca MentorSoft Ta chn thc n cn hin th qua mc

Hnh 4.4: Mc lc chn hin th thc n. Sau khi la chn c thc n nu mun iu chnh tham s no th ta kch chut vo tham s . Nu kch n ta s truy nhp tham s ngay trn giao din ny

Hnh 4.5: Mc thay i gi tr tham s c la chn n. Ngi s dng nhp vo v kch chut vo nt Change bn cnh thc hin thay i. Nu kch p th giao din chi tit ca tham s s hin ln.

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Hnh 4.6: Giao din chi tit tham s ca MentorSoft Giao din ny cho ta thng tin v tham s c chn nh :nh ngha tham s, tn, kiu v phm vi c hin th. Ngoi ra ta c th dng cc nt

tng, gim cc thc n hay tham s k cn tham s hin hnh. Mn hnh thc n trnh by mt s logic bn trong ca thit b. Ngi s dng s thy c cc gi tr ca tham s hin ti. Nhy p vo tham s no s xut hin giao din chi tit ca tham s . Tham s no t mu en ch bo rng tham s ny khng xut hin trong kiu . Tip theo ta tm hiu giao din thc n ca MentorSoft. Giao din ny l cc s khi logic khi iu khin ca Mentor II . Qua gip ta hiu thm v cc tham s ca Mentor II nh chng nm v tr no v xc nh r hn vai tr ca n. Khi mun thay i gi tr ca mt tham s no , ta ch cn kch chut vo n. y cng l mt u im ca MentorSoft

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Hnh 4.7: Giao din thc n ca MentorSoft Giao din trong mt File/ General Setup... cho php t cc thng s v cc chng trnh v truyn thng.

Hnh 4.8: Giao din ci t chung ca MentorSoft Mc General Setup cho ta chn nhng thng tin c bn m bo giao tip c v chnh xc Mentor II yu cu ngi s dng phi chn a ch cng Com m mnh giao tip vi Mentor II ti mc Comm Port. Sau ta phi r Mentor II cn iu khin ang t tc truyn thng v s th t l bao nhiu t cho ng. Nu nhn c Mentor II tr li v NAK hoc khng c tn hiu p li th cn tng thi gian i mc

Hnh 4.9: Mc t thi gian i 88

 n tt nghip. Qua tm hiu s b v phn mm MentorSoft. Ta thy rng, phn mm ny kh phc tp, trc khi s dng phi tm hiu Mentor II trc quan v d dng cho ngi s dng. Ph hp vi nhng ngi c thi gian tip cn vi nhng ngi c thi gian tip cn vi Mentor II v MentorSoft khng c nhiu.

KT LUN Sau thi gian lm n tt nghip vi ti :Tm hiu h truyn ng ng c mt chiu dng b iu chnh MentorII ,vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Quang ch .n nay em hon thnh n .Qua tp n ny gip em nm vng v nhngkin thc c bn hc v phng php truyn ng ng c mt chiu .Nh vy tp n hon thnh nng yu cu ra. Vi kin thc ti liu thng tin c hn , nn n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st .Rt mong c s gp chn tnh ca cc thy c gio trong nh trng c bit l cc thy c trong khoa
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 n tt nghip.

in v cc bn cho bn thuyt minh ngy cng c hon thin hn . Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca thy hng dn trc tip Nguyn Quang ch v cc thy c trong khoa in cho vic hon thnh n tt nghip ca em ng thi hn

TI LIU THAM KHO 1.V Gia Hanh, Trn Khnh H, Phan T Th, Nguyn Vn Su My in-Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut -1998 2.Bi Quc Khnh,Nguyn Vn Lin, Nguyn Th Hin Truyn ng in-Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut-2001 3.Nguyn Bnh in t cng sut-2000 90

 n tt nghip. 4.Control techniques Menter II user guide-Control techniques drives Ltd-2003

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