C rt nhiu phng php khc nhau dng iu ch cn kh nh: 1/ Phng php iu ch cn kh c s dng Calci acetat bo ho Khi trn Calci

i acetat bo ha trong dung mi nc vi ru th s to thnh cn kh di dng keo Calci acetat. Kt qu trn c th c gii thch bng phng php thay dung mi: Khi thng s trng thi thay i lm cho ha th cu t tn ti trong mi trng phn tn tr nn ln hn trng thi cn bng, do xu hng ca qu trnh s din ra theo chiu chuyn v trng thi cn bng, tc l pha mi c to ra. Trong phng php ny dung mi c thay th, tc l thay i thnh phn mi trng. Do vy, Calci acetat bo ha trong mi trng nc, nhng n tr thnh qu bo ho trong mi trng ru - nc (Calci acetat khng tan trong ru) nn qu trnh ngng t s xy ra. Trong phng php ny cn kh c iu ch t 75 ml ru Etylic (Etanol)v 10 ml Calci acetat bo ho (c iu ch t 3g Calci acetat v 10ml nc)17 tng ng vi t l 7,5:1. V t 40ml Etanol v 10 ml Calci acetat bo ho. 2/Phng php iu ch cn kh c s dng acid bo v kim 2.1/Trong alcol nng, acid bo c ha tan tt hn v phn ng nhanh vi kim to thnh mt tc nhn to gel l x phng acid bo v nc. C17H35COOH + NaOH -----> C17H35COONa +H2O Natri stearat c to thnh s ha tan mt phn trong nc v hnh thnh mt lp v cng. Khi ru s thm vo lp v cng ny v to thnh cn kh. 2.2/sn phm Sn phm thu c theo bng pht minh s 4436525 ca Barney J. Zmoda c + Khng b ho lng trong sut qu trnh chy. + Vn duy tr c hnh dng ban u ca n. + Sn phm chy sch, khng c b hng. + Khi chy khng c khi, khng mi v ngn la c th nhn thy c. Trong thnh phn ca nhin liu cn kh dng gel ny cng c th c trn vo mt s cht m vn khng c nh hng bt li n tnh cht ca sn phm. Cc cht c th l: thuc nhum (nh Phenolphtalein, Rose Bengal) dng ch th hoc gia tng gi tr thm m cho sn phm; nhng cht dng to mu ngn la nh mui Natri v mui Kali ca Nitrat v Clorat, cng nh cc mui ca Li, Bo, CuNhng thnh phn ny ch c s dng vi mt lng nh, thng th s dng khng vt qu 1% khi lng v thch hp nht l 0,5%. 3/Phng php iu ch cn kh c s dng dn xut Cellulose vi mt lp ngn chn s hydrat ha. vng pH ca dung dch nh, chnh cc nhm ion c ion ho gy tc dng qua li lm cho mch phn t c phn b co li, nn nht cng gim. Khi tng pH ca dung dch th mch phn t ca cc cht cao phn t in li gin ra do s ion ho tng ln, nn nht ca dung dch cng tng ln. Do khi trn ln cc thnh phn nc, cn, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose c thc hin bng cch h thp pH ca hn hp. Sau pH ca hn hp c tng ln lm tng nht v cn c chuyn sang dng gel. (1): Trc tin trn 200 ml cn vi 50 ml nc. (2): Sau 10g Methocel J75 MS c thm vo, thu c dung dch st c cha nc.

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(3): dung dch st ny vo vt cha c cha sn mt lng cht kim tng pH n 8 hoc trn 8 (lng Natri hydroxid s dng l t 2 n 4 gram). S to gel s lp tc xy ra. Nhin liu cn kh c u ch theo phng php ny gm c: + 10g Methocel J75 MS + 50g nc +170g ru + 2-4g NaOH + V mt lng rt t Alumin trihydrat c thm vo ngn chn Sn phm c to thnh c cc c im nh: + Hn ch sinh ra thnh phn c hi khi chy. +An ton v tin li khi vn chuyn v s dng 4/Phng php iu ch cn kh c s dung nhin liu v c 4.1/Cho 72g Silic dioxid v 1,2g Calci hydroxid vo 2 874g Etanol v khuy nhanh khong 1,5 pht. + Sau thm vo 54g Hydroxypropyl cellulose v trn u. Hn hp ny s ng c dn cho n khi ging nh mt khi gel ng nht (khong 1,5 gi). 4.2/Cho 6g Silic dioxid, 6g Titan dioxid v 0,1g Calci hydroxid vo 2898g + Sau thm vo 90g Hydroxypropyl cellulose v trn u. 4.3/ 6g Silic dioxid, 6g Nhm oxid vo 1 026g Etanol. + Cho vo 84g Metylhydroxybutyl v trn khong 10 pht (vi vn tc + Sau thm vo 374g nc. + Sau 20 pht cho vo thm 1 504g Etanol s thu c khi gel ng nht. c cn kh (100%) ta phi tm cch loi nc khi dung dch cn. Trn th trng hin c bn loi cn nng 90%. tch c nc th n gin nht l dng phng php ho hc vi cc ho cht sn c. Cch n gin nht l dng mui ng sulfat khan (tinh th mu trng) hp th nc c trong cn. Trn th trng ch c tinh th ng sulfat ngm 4 nc, lm khan ho cht ny bng cch ung nng nh loi nc (khng un nng mnh bi nu lm vy sulfat ng s b phn hu thnh oxit ng 2). Tin hnh loi nc c trong cn theo nhiu ln loi b trit nc c trong cn. Xt v nguyn l cu to, cn kh c lm t ru etylic v cc ph da khc. Nu lm ng nh cng thc ny, cn kh thc s l mt cht t hu dng v an ton. Tuy nhin theo iu tra ca bo KH&S, trong cn kh cn trn ln c ru Metylic, mt loi ru cc c i vi c th , nu ht phi c th gy t vong ch vi 1 lng nh .

Cn kh gm 86,1%ethanol, 2.2% nc, 11,7% NaCl trn vi du thc vt hoc g c acid bo nu 110-140 F, khuy 750-1800 vng pht 5-7 pht, sau 2200-3100 vng 5 - 7' na. Ngun : compchem.hcmuns.edu.vn

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