PHN TH NHT

BAI TAP ONG LC HOC CHAT IEM

BAI 1 :Hai l xo: l xo mt di thm 2 cm khi treo vt m
1
= 2kg, l xo 2 di thm 3 cm khi
treo vt m
2
= 1,5kg. Tm t s k
1
/k
2
.
Bi gii:

Khi gn vt l xo di thm on l. v tr cn bng

mg l K P F
0


Vi l xo 1: k
1
l
1
= m
1
g (1)
Vi l xo 1: k
2
l
2
= m
2
g (2)
Lp t s (1), (2) ta c

2
2
3
5 , 1
2
l
l
.
m
m
K
K
1
2
2
1
2
1

BAI 2 :Mt xe ti ko mt t bng dy cp. T trng thi ng yn sau 100s t t vn
tc V = 36km/h. Khi lng t l m = 1000 kg. Lc ma st bng 0,01 trng lc t. Tnh lc
ko ca xe ti trong thi gian trn.
Bi gii:

Chn hng v chiu nh hnh v
Ta c gia tc ca xe l:
) s / m ( 1 , 0
100
0 10
t
V V
a
2 0

Theo nh lut II Newtn :

+ a m f F
ms
F f
ms
= ma
F = f
ms
+ ma
= 0,01P + ma
= 0,01(1000.10 + 1000.0,1)
= 200 N
BAI 3 :Hai l xo khi lng khng ng k, cng ln lt l k
1
= 100 N/m, k
2
= 150
N/m, c cng di t nhin L
0
= 20 cm c treo thng ng nh hnh v. u di 2 l xo
ni vi mt vt khi lng m = 1kg. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tnh chiu di l xo khi vt cn bng.
Bi gii:

Khi cn bng: F
1
+ F
2

=
Vi F
1
= K
1
l; F
2
= K
2
1
nn (K
1
+ K
2
) l = P
) m ( 04 , 0
250
10 . 1
K K
P
l
2 1

+


Vy chiu di ca l xo l:
L = l
0
+ l = 20 + 4 = 24 (cm)
BAI 4 :Tm cng ca l xo ghp theo cch sau:
Bi gii:

Hng v chiu nh hnh v:
Khi ko vt ra khi v tr cn bng mt on x th :
dn l xo 1 l x, nn l xo 2 l x
Tc dng vo vt gm 2 lc n hi

1
F
;
2 F

,


+ F F F 2 1
Chiu ln trc Ox ta c :
F = F
1
F
2
= (K
1
+ K
2
)x
Vy cng ca h ghp l xo theo cch trn l:
K = K
1
+ K
2

BAI 5 :Hai vt A v B c th trt trn mt bn nm ngang v c ni vi nhau bng dy
khng dn, khi lng khng ng k. Khi lng 2 vt l m
A
= 2kg, m
B
= 1kg, ta tc dng vo
vt A mt lc F = 9N theo phng song song vi mt bn. H s ma st gia hai vt vi mt
bn l m = 0,2. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Hy tnh gia tc chuyn ng.
Bi gii:

i vi vt A ta c:


+ + + +
1 1 ms 1 1 1 1
a m F T F N P
Chiu xung Ox ta c: F T
1
F
1ms
= m
1
a
1
Chiu xung Oy ta c: m
1
g + N
1
= 0
Vi F
1ms
= kN
1

= km
1
g

F T
1
k m
1
g = m
1
a
1
(1)
* i vi vt B:


+ + + +
2 2 ms 2 2 2 2
a m F T F N P
Chiu xung Ox ta c: T
2
F
2ms
= m
2
a
2
Chiu xung Oy ta c: m
2
g + N
2
= 0
Vi F
2ms

= k N
2

= k m
2
g

T
2
k m
2
g = m
2
a
2
(2)

V T
1

= T
2
= T v a
1
= a
2
= a nn:
F - T k m
1
g = m
1
a (3)
T k m
2
g = m
2
a (4)
Cng (3) v (4) ta c F k(m
1
+ m
2
)g = (m
1
+ m
2
)a
2
2 1
2 1
s / m 1
1 2
10 ). 1 2 ( 2 , 0 9
m m
g ). m m ( F
a
+
+

+
+

BAI 6 :Hai vt cng khi lng m = 1kg c ni vi nhau bng si dy khng dn v
khi lng khng ng k. Mt trong 2 vt chu tc ng ca lc ko

F
hp vi phng ngang
gc a = 30
0
. Hai vt c th trt trn mt bn nm ngang gc a = 30
0
H s ma st gia vt v bn l 0,268. Bit rng dy ch chu c lc cng ln nht l 10 N.
Tnh lc ko ln nht dy khng t. Ly
3
= 1,732.
Bi gii:
Vt 1 c :

+ + + +
1 1 ms 1 1 1 1
a m F T F N P
Chiu xung Ox ta c: F.cos 30
0
T
1
F
1ms
= m
1
a
1
Chiu xung Oy : Fsin 30
0
P
1
+ N
1
= 0
V F
1ms

= k N
1
= k(mg Fsin 30
0
)

F.cos 30
0
T
1
k(mg Fsin 30
0
) = m
1
a
1
(1)
Vt 2:

+ + + +
2 2 ms 2 2 2 2
a m F T F N P
Chiu xung Ox ta c: T F
2ms

= m
2
a
2
Chiu xung Oy : P
2
+ N
2
= 0
M F
2ms

= k N
2
= km
2
g
T
2
k m
2
g = m
2
a
2
Hn na v m
1
= m
2

= m; T
1
= T
2
= T ; a
1
= a
2
= a
F.cos 30
0
T k(mg Fsin 30
0
) = ma (3)
T kmg = ma (4)
T (3) v (4)
m
0 0
t
2
) 30 sin 30 (cos T
T
+

20
2
1
268 , 0
2
3
10 . 2
30 sin 30 cos
T 2
F
0 0
m

+

Vy F
max
= 20 N
Bi 7:
Hai vt A v B c khi lng ln lt l m
A
= 600g, m
B
= 400g c ni vi nhau bng si dy
nh khng dn v vt qua rng rc c nh nh hnh v. B qua khi lng ca rng rc v lc
ma st gia dy vi rng rc. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tnh gia tc chuyn ng ca mi vt.

Bi gii:

Khi th vt A s i xung v B s i ln do m
A
> m
B
v
T
A
= T
B
= T
a
A
= a
B
= a
i vi vt A: m
A
g T = m
A
.a
i vi vt B: m
B
g + T = m
B
.a
* (m
A
m
B
).g = (m
A
+ m
B
).a
2
B A
B A
s / m 2 10 .
400 600
400 600
g .
m m
m m
a *
+

Bi 8:
Ba vt c cng khi lng m = 200g c ni vi nhau bng dy ni khng dn nh hnh v.
H s ma st trt gja vt v mt bn l = 0,2. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tnh gia tc khi h chuyn
ng.

Bi gii:

Chn chiu nh hnh v. Ta c:


+ + + + + + + + + + a M P T T N P F T T N P F
1 1 2 2 2 ms 2 3 4 3 3 3
Do vy khi chiu ln cc h trc ta c:

'

3 ms 4
2 ms 3 2
1 1
ma F T
ma F T T
ma T mg

V
a a a a
' T T T
T T T
3 2 1
4 3
2 1

'

ma F T
ma F T T
ma T mg
ms
'
ms
'

'

ma 3 mg 2 mg
ma 3 F 2 mg
ms
2
s / m 2 10 .
3
2 , 0 . 2 1
g .
3
2 1
a

Bi 9:
Mt xe trt khng vn tc u t nh mt phng nghing gc = 300. H s ma st trt l
= 0,3464. Chiu di mt phng nghing l l = 1m. ly g = 10m/s
2

v
3
= 1,732 Tnh gia tc chuyn ng ca vt.

Bi gii:

Cc lc tc dng vo vt:
1) Trng lc

P
2) Lc ma st

ms
F
3) Phn lc

N
ca mt phng nghing
4) Hp lc

+ + a m F N P F
ms
Chiu ln trc Oy: Pcox + N = 0
N = mg cox (1)
Chiu ln trc Ox : Psin F
ms
= max
mgsin N = max

(2)
t (1) v (2) mgsin mg cox = max
ax = g(sin cox)
= 10(1/2 0,3464.
3
/2) = 2 m/s
2
BAI 10 :Cn tc dng ln vt m trn mt phng nghing gc mt lc F bng bao nhiu
vt nm yn, h s ma st gia vt v mt phng nghing l k , khi bit vt c xu hng trt
xung.

Bi gii:

Chn h trc Oxy nh hnh v.
p dng nh lut II Newtn ta c :
0 F N P F
ms
+ + +

Chiu phng trnh ln trc Oy: N Pcox Fsin = 0
N = Pcox + F sin
F
ms
= kN = k(mgcox + F sin)
Chiu phng trnh ln trc Ox : Psin F cox F
ms
= 0
F cox = Psin F
ms
= mg sin kmg cox kF sin
+

+


ktg 1
) k tg ( mg
sin k cos
) kcox (sin mg
F
BAI 11 :Xem h c lin kt nh hnh v
m
1
= 3kg; m
2
= 1kg; h s ma st gia vt v mt phng nghing l = 0,1 ; = 300; g = 10
m/s
2
Tnh sc cng ca dy?

Bi gii:

Gi thit m
1
trt xung mt phng nghing v m
2
i ln, lc h lc c chiu nh hnh v.
Vt chuyn ng nhanh dn u nn vi chiu dng chn, nu ta tnh c a > 0 th chiu
chuyn ng gi thit l ng.
i vi vt 1:

+ + +
1 1 ms 1 1
a m F T N P
Chiu h xOy ta c: m
1
gsin T N = ma
m
1
g cox + N = 0
* m
1
gsin T m
1
g cox = ma (1)
i vi vt 2:

+
2 2 2 2
a m T P
m
2
g + T = m
2
a (2)
Cng (1) v (2) m
1
gsin m
1
g cox = (m
1
+ m
2
)a
) s / m ( 6 , 0
4
10 . 1
2
3
3 . 1 , 0
2
1
. 10 . 3
m m
g m cos m sin g m
a
2
2 1
2 1 1

+


V a > 0, vy chiu chuyn ng chn l ng
* T = m
2
(g + a) = 1(10 + 0,6) = 10,6 N
BAI 12 :Sn i c th coi l mt phng nghing, gc nghing a = 30
0
so vi trc Ox nm
ngang. T im O trn sn i ngi ta nm mt vt nng vi vn tc ban u V
0
theo
phng Ox. Tnh khong cch d = OA t ch nm n im ri A ca vt nng trn sn i,
Bit V
0
= 10m/s, g = 10m/s
2
.

Bi gii:

Chn h trc nh hnh v.
Phng trnh chuyn ng v phng trnh qu o l:

'

2
0
gt
2
1
y
t V x
Phng trnh qu o

) 1 ( x
V
g
2
1
y
2
2
0

Ta c:

'

sin d OK y
cos d OH x
A
A

V A nm trn qu o ca vt nng nn x
A

v y
A
nghim ng (1). Do :

2
2
0
) cos d (
V
g
2
1
sin d
m 33 , 1
30 cos
30 sin
.
10
10 . 2
cos
sin
.
g
V 2
d
0
0 2 2
0

BAI 13 :Mt hn c nm t cao 2,1 m so vi mt t vi gc nm a = 450 so vi
mt phng nm ngang. Hn ri n t cnh ch nm theo phng ngang mt khong 42 m.
Tm vn tc ca hn khi nm ?
GIAI
Chn gc O ti mt t. Trc Ox nm ngang, trc Oy thng ng hng ln (qua im nm).
Gc thi gian lc nm hn .
Cc phng trnh ca hn
x = V
0

cos45
0
t (1)
y = H + V
0
sin 45
0
t 1/2 gt
2
(2)
V
x
= V
0
cos45
0
(3)
V
y
= V
0
sin45
0
gt (4)
T (1)
0
0
45 cos V
x
t
Th vo (2) ta c :
) 5 (
45 cos V
x
. g
2
1
x . 45 tg 4 y
0 2 2
0
2
0
+
Vn tc hn khi nm
Khi hn ri xung t y = 0, theo bi ra x = 42 m. Do vy
) s / m ( 20
42 1 .
2
2
9 . 4 42
H x . 45 tg 45 cos
2
g
. x
V
0
45 cos V
x
g
2
1
x 45 tg H
0 0
0
0 2 2
0
2
0

+

+
BAI 14 :Mt my bay ang bay ngang vi vn tc V
1
cao h so vi mt t mun th
bom trng mt on xe tng ang chuyn ng vi vn tc V
2
trong cng 2 mt phng thng
ng vi my bay. Hi cn cch xe tng bao xa th ct bom ( l khong cch t ng thng
ng qua my bay n xe tng) khi my bay v xe tng chuyn ng cng chiu.
Bi gii:

Chn gc to O l im ct bom, t = 0 l lc ct bom.
Phng trnh chuyn ng l:
x = V
1
t (1)
y = 1/2gt
2
(2)
Phng trnh qu o:
2
2
0
x
V
g
2
1
y
Bom s ri theo nhnh Parabol v gp mt ng ti B. Bom s trng xe khi bom v xe cng
lc n B
v
g
h 2
g
y 2
t

g
h 2
V x
1 B

Lc t = 0 cn xe A
g
h 2
V t V AB
2 2

* Khong cch khi ct bom l :
)
2
V (V
g
h 2
) V V ( AB HB HA
1 2 1
BAI 15 :T nh mt mt phng nghing c gc nghing so vi phng ngang, ngi ta
nm mt vt vi vn tc ban u V
0
hp vi phng ngang gc . Tm khong cch l dc theo
mt phng nghing t im nm ti im ri.


Bi gii;
Cc phng thnh to ca vt:
) 2 (
gt 2
1
t sin V H y
) 1 ( t cos V x
2
0
0

'

+

T (1)

cos V
x
t
0

Th vo (2) ta c:
(3)
cos V
x
g
2
1
x tg H y
2 2
0
2

+

Ta c to ca im M:

'

sin l H y
cos l x
M
M
Th x
M
, y
M
vo (3) ta c:

+
2 2
0
2 2
cos V 2
cos gl
cos l tg H sin l H

+

2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2 2
0
cos g
) sin(
cos V 2
cos g
sin cos cos sin
cos V 2
cos g
sin cos tg
. cos V 2 l
BAI 16 : mt i cao h
0

= 100m ngi ta t 1 sng ci nm ngang v mun bn sao cho
qu n ri v pha bn kia ca to nh v gn bc tng AB nht. Bit to nh cao h = 20 m
v tng AB cch ng thng ng qua ch bn l l = 100m. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tm khong
cch t ch vin n chm t n chn tng AB.

Bi gii:

Chn gc to l ch t sng, t = 0 l lc bn.
Phng trnh qu o
2
2
0
x
V
g
2
1
y
n chm t gn chn tng nht th qu o ca n i st nh A ca tng nn

2
A
2
0
A
x
V
g
2
1
y

s / m 25 100 .
80 . 2
10 . 1
x .
y
g
2
1
V
A
A
0

Nh vy v tr chm t l C m
) m ( 8 , 11
10
100 . 2
25
g
h 2
V
g
y . 2
V x
0
C
0 C

Vy khong cch l: BC = x
C

l = 11,8 (m)
BAI 17 :Mt vt c nm ln t mt t theo phng xin gc ti im cao nht ca qu
o vt c vn tc bng mt na, vn tc ban u v cao h
0
=15m. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
Tnh ln vn tc
Bi gii:

Chn: Gc O l ch nm
* H trc to xOy
* T = 0 l lc nm
Vn tc ti 1 im
y x
V V V +
Ti S: V
y
= 0
cos V V V
o x s
M
o o
s
60
2
1
cos
2
V
V
V
( )
s / m 20
2
3
15 x 10 x 2
sin
gy 2
V
g 2
sin V
y
s
o
2
o
x

BAI 18 :Em b ngi di sn nh nm 1 vin bi ln bn cao h = 1m vi vn tc

V
0
=
10 2
m/s. vin bi c th ri xung mt bn B xa mp bn A nht th vn tc
o
V

phi nghing vi phng ngang 1 gc bng bao nhiu?
Ly g = 10m/s
2
.

Bi gii:

vin bi c th ri xa mp bn A nht th qu o ca vin bi phi i st A.
Gi
1
V
l vn tc ti A v hp vi AB gc
1
m:
g
2 sin V
AB
1
2

(coi nh c nm t A vi AB l tm
AB ln nht th
4
1 2 sin
1 1


V thnh phn ngang ca cc vn tc
u bng nhau V
0
cos = V.cos
1
1
o
cos .
V
V
cos
Vi

'

2
1
cos
gh 2 V V
1
2
o
Nn
( )
2
1
10 2
1 x 10
2
1
V
gh
2
1
2
1
.
V
gh 2 V
cos
2 2
o
o
2
o

o
60
BAI 19 :Mt bn nm ngang quay trn u vi chu k T = 2s. Trn bn t mt vt cch
trc quay R = 2,4cm. H s ma st gia vt v bn ti thiu bng bao nhiu vt khng trt
trn mt bn. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
v
2
= 10
Bi gii:

Khi vt khng trt th vt chu tc dng ca 3 lc:
ngh F ; N , P
ms
Trong :
0 N P +
Lc vt chuyn ng trn u nn
ms
F
l lc hng tm:

'

) 2 ( mg . F
) 1 ( R mw F
ms
2
ms
g
R w
g . R w
2
2

Vi w = 2/T = .rad/s
25 , 0
10
25 , 0 .
2

Vy
min
= 0,25
BAI 20 :Mt l xo c cng K, chiu di t nhin l
0
, 1 u gi c nh A, u kia gn
vo qu cu khi lng m c th trt khng ma st trn thanh () nm ngang. Thanh () quay
u vi vn tc gc w xung quanh trc (A) thng ng. Tnh dn ca l xo khi l
0
= 20 cm; w
= 20 rad/s; m = 10 g ; k = 200 N/m

Bi gii:

Cc lc tc dng vo qu cu
dh
F ; N ; P
( )
( )
2
o
2
o
2 2
o
2
mw K
l mw
l
l mw mw K l
l l mw l K

+
vi k > mw
2
( )
( )
m 05 , 0
20 . 01 , 0 200
2 , 0 . 20 . 01 , 0
l
2
2

BAI 21 :Vng xic l mt vnh trn bn knh R = 8m, nm trong mt phng thng ng.
Mt ngi i xe p trn vng xic ny, khi lng c xe v ngi l 80 kg. Ly g = 9,8m/s
2
tnh lc p ca xe ln vng xic ti im cao nht vi vn tc ti im ny l v = 10 m/s.
Bi gii:
Cc lc tc dng ln xe im cao nht l
N ; P
Khi chiu ln trc hng tm ta c
N 216 8 , 9
8
10
80 g
R
v
m N
R
mv
N P
2 2
2

,
_

,
_

+
BAI 22 :Mt qu cu nh c khi lng m = 100g c buc vo u 1 si dy di l = 1m
khng co dn v khi lng khng ng k. u kia ca dy c gi c nh im A trn
tr quay (A) thng ng. Cho trc quay vi vn tc gc w = 3,76 rad/s. Khi chuyn ng n
nh hy tnh bn knh qu o trn ca vt. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
Bi gii:

Cc lc tc dng vo vt
P ; T
Khi () quay u th qu cu s chuyn ng trn u trong mt phng nm ngang, nn hp lc
tc dng vo qu cu s l lc hng tm.
T P F +
vi

'

R mw F
P F
2
g
R w
mg
F
tg v
2

R = lsin

cos
sin
g
sin l w
tg
2
V
o
2 2
45 707 , 0
1 . 76 , 3
10
l w
g
cos 0
Vy bn knh qu o R = lsin = 0,707 (m)
BAI 23 :Chu k quay ca mt bng quanh tri t l T = 27 ngy m. Bn knh tri t l
R
0
= 6400km v Tri t c vn tc v tr cp I l v
0
= 7,9 km/s. Tm bn knh qu o ca mt
trng.
Bi gii:
Mt trng cng tun theo quy lut chuyn ng ca v tinh nhn to.
Vn tc ca mt trng
R
GM
v
o

Trong M
0
l khi lng Tri t v R l bn knh qu o ca mt trng.
Vn tc v tr cp I ca Tri t
( ) ( )
( )
km 10 . 38 R
14 , 3 . 4
9 , 7 x 24 . 3600 . 27 . 6400
4
v . T R
R
R
R
Tv
R 2
R .
T
2
v ;
R
R
v
v
R
GM
v
5
2
2 2
2
2
o o 3 o
o
o
o
o
o
o

BAI 24 :Qu cu m = 50g treo u A ca dy OA di l = 90cm. Quay cho qu cu

chuyn ng trn trong mt phng thng ng quanh tm O. Tm lc cng ca dy khi A v
tr thp hn O. OA hp vi phng thng ng gc = 60
o
v vn tc qu cu l 3m/s, g =
10m/s
2
.
Bi gii:

Ta c dng:

a m P ; T
Chiu ln trc hng tm ta c
N 75 , 0
9 3
2
1
x 10 05 , 0
R
v
60 cos g m T
R
v
m maht 60 cos P T
2 2
0
2
o

,
_

,
_

+

PHN TH HAI
MT S BI TP VT L VN DNG SNG TO PHNG PHP TA
Phng php ta l phng php c bn trong vic gii cc bi tp vt l
phn ng lc hc. Mun nghin cu chuyn ng ca mt cht im, trc ht ta cn
chn mt vt mc, gn vo mt h ta xc nh v tr ca n v chn mt gc
thi gian cng vi mt ng h hp thnh mt h quy chiu.
Vt l THPT ch nghin cu cc chuyn ng trn mt ng thng hay chuyn
ng trong mt mt phng, nn h ta ch gm mt trc hoc mt h hai trc vung
gc tng ng.
Phng php
+ Chn h quy chiu thch hp.
+ Xc nh ta ban u, vn tc ban u, gia tc ca cht im theo cc trc
ta : x
0
, y
0
; v
0x
, v
0y
; a
x
, a
y
. ( y ch kho st cc chuyn ng thng u, bin i u
v chuyn ng ca cht im c nm ngang, nm xin).
+ Vit phng trnh chuyn ng ca cht im

'

+ +
+ +
0 0y
2
y
0 0x
2
x
y t v t a
2
1
y
x t v t a
2
1
x

+ Vit phng trnh qu o (nu cn thit) y = f(x) bng cch kh t trong cc
phng trnh chuyn ng.
+ T phng trnh chuyn ng hoc phng trnh qu o, kho st chuyn
ng ca cht im:
- Xc nh v tr ca cht im ti mt thi im cho.
- nh thi im, v tr khi hai cht im gp nhau theo iu kin

'

2 1
2 1
y y
x x
- Kho st khong cch gia hai cht im
2
2 1
2
2 1
) y (y ) x (x d +
Hc sinh thng ch vn dng phng php ta gii cc bi ton quen
thuc i loi nh, hai xe chuyn ng ngc chiu gp nhau, chuyn ng cng chiu
ui kp nhau,trong cc cht im cn kho st chuyn ng tng minh, ch
cn lm theo mt s bi tp mu mt cch my mc v rt d nhm chn. Trong khi ,
c rt nhiu bi ton tng chng nh phc tp, nhng nu vn dng mt cch kho lo
phng php ta th chng tr nn n gin v rt th v.
Xin a ra mt s v d:
Bi ton 1
Mt vt m = 10kg treo vo trn mt bung thang my c khi lng M = 200kg.
Vt cch sn 2m. Mt lc F ko bung thang my i ln vi gia tc a = 1m/s
2
. Trong lc
bung i ln, dy treo b t, lc ko F vn khng i. Tnh gia tc ngay sau ca
bung v thi gian vt ri xung sn bung. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
Nhn xt
c xong bi, ta thng nhn nhn hin tng xy ra trong thang my (chn
h quy chiu gn vi thang my), rt kh m t chuyn ng ca vt sau khi dy treo
b t. Hy ng ngoi thang my quan st (chn h quy chiu gn vi t) hai cht
im vt v sn thang ang chuyn ng trn cng mt ng thng. D dng vn dng
phng php ta xc nh c thi im hai cht im gp nhau, l lc vt
ri chm sn thang.
Gii
Chn trc Oy gn vi t, thng ng hng ln, gc O ti v tr sn lc dy t,
gc thi gian t = 0 lc dy t.
Khi dy treo cha t, lc ko F v trng lc P = (M + m)g gy ra gia tc a cho h M +
m, ta c
F - P = (M + m)a
2310N g) m)(a (M F + +
+ Gia tc ca bung khi dy treo t
Lc F ch tc dng ln bung, ta c
F Mg = Ma
1
, suy ra
2
1
1,55m/s
M
Mg F
a

+ Thi gian vt ri xung sn bung

Vt v sn thang cng chuyn ng vi vn tc ban u v
0
.
Phng trnh chuyn ng ca sn thang v vt ln lt l
t v t a
2
1
y
0
2
1 1
+ ;
02 0
2
2 2
y t v t a
2
1
y + +
Vi a
1
= 1,55m/s
2
, y
02
= 2m, vt ch cn chu tc dng ca trng lc nn c gia tc a
2
=
-g
Vy
t v 0,775t y
0
2
1
+ v 2 t v 5t y
0
2
2
+ +
Vt chm sn khi
Vt chm sn khi y
1
= y
2
, suy ra t = 0,6s.
Bi ton 2
Mt toa xe nh di 4m khi lng m
2
= 100kg ang chuyn ng trn ng ray
vi vn tc v
0
= 7,2km/h th mt chic vali kch thc nh khi lng m
1
= 5kg c
t nh vo mp trc ca sn xe. Sau khi trt trn sn, vali c th nm yn trn sn
chuyn ng khng? Nu c th nm u? Tnh vn tc mi ca toa xe v vali. Cho
y
O
F

0
v

0
v

y
02
bit h s ma st gia va li v sn l k = 0,1. B qua ma st gia toa xe v ng ray.
Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
Nhn xt
y l bi ton v h hai vt chuyn ng trt ln nhau. Nu ng trn ng
ray qua st ta cng d dng nhn ra s chuyn ng ca hai cht im vali v mp sau
ca sn xe trn cng mt phng. Vali ch trt khi sn xe sau khi ti mp sau sn xe,
tc l hai cht im gp nhau. Ta a bi ton v dng quen thuc.
Gii
Chn trc Ox hng theo chuyn ng ca xe, gn vi ng ray, gc O ti v
tr mp cui xe khi th vali, gc thi gian lc th vali.
+ Cc lc tc dng ln
Vali: Trng lc P
1
= m
1
g, phn lc N
1
v lc ma st vi sn xe F
ms
, ta c
1 1 ms 1 1
a m F N P


+ +
Chiu ln Ox v phng thng ng ta c:
F
ms
= m
1
a
1
v N
1
= P
1
= m
1
g, suy ra
2
1
1
1
ms
1
1m/s kg
m
kN
m
F
a
Xe: Trng lc P
2
= m
2
g, trng lng ca vali g m P
1
,
1
, phn lc N
2
v lc ma st vi
vali F
ms
. Ta c
2 2 ms 2 2
'
1
a m ' F N P P


+ + +
Chiu ln trc Ox ta c
-F
ms
= m
2
a
2

2
2
1
2
ms
2
ms
2
0,05m/s
m
g km
m
F
m
F'
a

Phng trnh chuyn ng ca vali v xe ln lt

2t 0,025t t v t a
2
1
x
4 0,5t x t a
2
1
x
2
0
2
2 2
2
01
2
1 1
+ +
+ +
Vali n c mp sau xe khi x
1
= x
2
, hay 0,5t
2
+ 4 = -0,025t
2
+ 2t
0
v

1
N
ms
F
1
P'

2
N
1
P
2
P
ms
F'
x
O
Phng trnh ny v nghim, chng t vali nm yn i vi sn trc khi n mp sau
ca xe.
Khi vali nm yn trn sn, v
1
= v
2
Vi v
1
= a
1
t + v
01
= t , v
2
= a
2
t + v
0
= -0,05t + 2, suy ra
t = - 0,05t + 2 suy ra t = 1,9s
Khi vali cch mp sau xe mt khong 2t 0,025t 4 0,5t x x d
2 2
2 1
+ +
Vi t = 1,9s ta c d = 2,1m
Vn tc ca xe v vali lc v
1
= v
2
= 1,9m/s.
Bi ton 3
Mt b vc mt ct ng
c dng mt phn parabol (hnh
v). T im A trn sn b
vc, cao h = 20m so vi y
vc v cch im B i din
trn b bn kia (cng cao,
cng nm trong mt phng ct)
mt khong l = 50m, bn mt
qu n pho xin ln vi vn
tc v
0
= 20m/s, theo hng hp vi phng nm ngang gc = 60
0
. B qua lc cn
ca khng kh v ly g = 10m/s
2
. Hy xc nh khong cch t im ri ca vt n v
tr nm vt.
Nhn xt
Nu ta v phc ha qu o chuyn ng ca vt sau khi nm th thy im nm
vt v im vt ri l hai giao im ca hai parabol. V tr cc giao im c xc nh
khi bit phng trnh ca cc parabol.
Gii
Chn h ta xOy t trong mt phng qu o ca vt, gn vi t, gc O ti
y vc, Ox nm ngang cng chiu chuyn ng ca vt, Oy thng ng hng ln.
Gc thi gian l lc nm vt.
Hnh ct ca b vc c xem nh mt phn parabol (P1) y = ax
2
i qua im A
c ta
(x = - ) h y ;
2

l
Suy ra 20 = a(- 25)
2
a =
125
4
Phng trnh ca (P1):
2
x
125
4
y
Phng trnh chuyn ng ca vt:
h
l
0
v

A B
h
0
v

A B
C
x(m) O
y(m)

'

+ + + +

20 t 3 10 5t h sin v gt
2
1
y
25 10t
2
cos v x
2
0
2
0
t
l
t
Kh t i ta c phng trnh qu o (P2):
9) 3 (20
4
5
x
2
5 3 2
x
20
1
y
2
+

+
im ri C ca vt c ta l nghim ca phng trnh:

'

9) 3 (20
4
5
x
2
5 3 2
x
20
1
y
x
2000
1
y
2
2
vi
20m y 25m, x
Suy ra ta im ri: x
C
= 15,63m v y
C
= 7,82m
Khong cch gia im ri C v im nm A l
42,37m
2
)
B
y
A
(y
2
)
C
x
A
(x AC +
Mt s bi ton vn dng
Bi 1
T nh dc
nghing gc so
vi phng ngang,
mt vt c phng
i vi vn tc v
0
c
hng hp vi
phng ngang gc . Hy tnh tm xa ca vt trn mt dc.
S:
gcos
) ( sin . cos 2v
s
2
2
0
+

Bi 2
Trn mt nghing gc so vi phng ngang, ngi ta gi mt lng tr khi lng m.
Mt trn ca lng tr nm ngang, c chiu di
l, c t mt vt kch thc khng ng k,
khi lng 3m, mp ngoi M lng tr (hnh
v). B qua ma st gia vt v lng tr, h s
ma st gia lng tr v mt phng nghing l
k. Th lng tr v n bt u trt trn mt
phng nghing. Xc nh thi gian t lc th
lng tr n khi vt nm mp trong M lng
tr.
0
v

m
3
m
l
M
M
S:
cos ) cos sin ( 2

k g
l
t
Bi 3
Hai xe chuyn ng thng u vi cc vn tc v
1
, v
2
(v
1
<v
2
). Khi ngi li xe (2) nhn
thy xe (1) pha trc th hai xe cch nhau on d. Ngi li xe (1) hm phanh xe
chuyn ng chm dn u vi gia tc a. Tm iu kin cho a xe (2) khng m vo
xe (1).
S:
2d
) v (v
a
2
1 2

<
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Bi Quang Hn. Gii ton vt l 10. NXBGD. 1998.
[2]. V Thanh Khit, Phm Qu T. Bi tp vt l s cp. NXBGD.1999.
[3]. Nguyn Th Khi. Vt l 10 nng cao. NXBGD. 2006.