3f09c 16367

ti: Phng php, th thut gii nhanh cc dng trc nghim vt l 12
T L Cng ngh. Trng THPT chuyn L Qu n Trang 1

S GIO DC & O TO BNH NH
TRNG THPT CHUYN L QU N
--------oOo-------

SNG KIN - KINH NGHIM

TN TI:

PHNG PHP,
TH THUT GII NHANH
CC DNG TRC NGHIM
VT L 12

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Trn Cng
n v: Trng THPT chuyn L Qu n

Quy Nhn, thng 5/2010
TN TI:
PHNG PHP, TH THUT GII NHANH CC DNG
TRC NGHIM VT L 12

A. M U
1. L do chn ti:
Vt l l mn khoa hc c bn nn vic dy vt l trong trng ph thng
phi gip hc sinh nm c kin thc c bn, trng tm ca b mn, mi quan h
gia vt l v cc mn khoa hc khc vn dng cc quy lut vt l vo thc tin
i sng.
Vt l biu din cc quy lut t nhin thng qua ton hc v vy hu ht cc
khi nim, cc nh lut, quy lut v phng php ca vt l trong trng ph
thng u c m t bng ngn ng ton hc, ng thi cng yu cu hc sinh
phi bit vn dng tt ton hc vo vt l tr li nhanh, chnh xc cc dng bi
tp vt l nhm p ng tt cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca cc thi TNPT v
TSH.
Vn t ra l vi s lng ln cc cng thc vt l trong chng trnh
PTTH lm sao nh ht vn dng, tr li cc cu hi trong khi thi trc nghim
ph ht chng trnh, khng trng tm, trng im, thi gian tr li mi cu hi qu
ngn, (khng qu 1,5 pht) nn vic suy lun v chng minh cc cng thc cn
vn dng l bt kh thi.
V vy chng ti chn ti: Nh ti thiu cc cng thc c bn v cc cng
thc c tnh tng qut nht ca chng trnh v a ra cc phng php, th thut
vn dng nhm gii quyt nhanh, chnh xc cc cc dng bi ton trong chng
trnh.
2. Nhim v ca ti Gii hn ti.
a. Nhim v ca ti:
+ Ch ra cc cng thc c bn, trng tm, tng qut nht trong chng trnh vt l
lp 12 thuc tng chng vi s lng ti thiu hc sinh d nh nht.
+ Ch ra cc mi quan h trc quan ca cc i lng vt l, phng php, th
thut s dng cc cng thc ny gii nhanh nht, chnh xc nht cc bi tp.
+Thng qua ti rn luyn, pht trin t duy, tnh sng to ca hc sinh.
b. Gii hn ti:
Ni dung, kin thc trong chng trnh vt l 12 vi ti ny ta xt 3 phn:
+ ng trn lng gic.
+Tng hp dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s.
+ Giao thoa sng c.
c. Hng pht trin ti:
Ni dung, kin thc nghin cu tip theo ca ti.
+ Dng gin vecto trong bi ton in xoay chiu.
+ Cc cng thc tnh nng lng, ng lng trong chng vt l ht nhn.
+ Mt s th thut ca cc chng cn li.
3. Phng php tin hnh.
+ Tm hiu, c, phn tch, tng hp cc ti liu trn mng internet.
+ Tng hp t kinh nghim ging dy ca bn thn v hc hi kinh nghim ging
dy ca cc ng nghip trong cc t tp hun chuyn mn, bi dng thay sch
gio khoa.
4. C s v thi gian tin hnh nghin cu ti.
ti hnh thnh trong qu trnh ging dy ti trng chuyn L Qu n, trong
cc t bi dng chuyn mn v tp hun thay sch gio khoa, k t nm 2008.

MC LC
Trang
A. M U
1. L do chn ti. 01
2. Nhim v ti Gii hn ti Hng pht trin ti. 01
3. Phng php tin hnh. 01
4. C s v thi gian tin hnh ti. 01
B. NI DUNG
PHN MT: NG TRN LNG GIC
1. M t tnh trng s vic hin ti. 02
2. M t ni dung gii php mi. 02
3. Chng minh tnh kh thi ca gii php mi. 03
4. Mt s vn lin quan v vn dng. 06
5. u im. 08
6. Nhc im v khc phc. 09
PHN HAI: TNG HP DAO NG IU HA
3. Chng minh tnh kh thi ca gii php mi. 11
4. Mt s vn lin quan v vn dng. 12
5. u im. 14
PHN BA: GIAO THOA SNG C
3. Chng minh tnh kh thi ca gii php mi 16
4. Mt s vn lin quan v vn dng 19
5. u im. 21
* Phn m t th hin mc trin khai ca ti 22
C. KT LUN
1. Khi qut cc kt lun cc b. 23
2. Li ch v kh nng vn dng. 23
3. xut, kin ngh. 23

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.Ngun ti liu trn mng internet trang Violet, Th vin vt l
2.Hng dn s dng v gii ton trn my tnh CASIO fx 570ES.
Tc gi: Nguyn Trng Chng Nguyn Th Thch - NXB Gio Dc
3. Sch gio khoa Vt l 12 Nng cao.
Tc gi: Nguyn Th Khi (Tng ch bin) NXB Gio Dc
4. Sch gio khoa Vt l 12 C bn.
Tc gi: Lng Duyn Bnh (Tng ch bin) NXB Gio Dc

B. NI DUNG
PHN MT
NG TRN LNG GIC

1. M t tnh trng s vic hin ti :
S lng cng thc yu cu hc sinh nh vn dng trong chng dao ng
c rt nhiu ch tnh phn t m, bt buc l 16 cng thc nhng vi s lng
cc cng thc cng ch gii quyt c cc cu hi rt c bn, khng th gii
quyt c ht cc dng bi tp t ra ca chng ny.
phn dao ng kin thc ton lin quan l cc cng thc lng gic v
gii cc phng trnh lng gic y l kh khn ln i vi a s cc loi i
tng hc sinh k c hc sinh kh gii v rt hay st nghim bi tnh lp li ca
hm tun hon.
Hin ti trn ng trn lng gic ch s dng mt trc cosin cho phng
trnh dao ng x = Acos(et + ) (trc Ox) v cc dng ton chng ny thng
cn c vo cc d kin bi ton cho t phng trnh dao ng dng x
=Acos(et+), tm chu k, tn s, ng i, khong thi gian i t to x
1

n to x
2
, tm vn tc, gia tc ti mt thi im no , khong thi gian l xo
nn, gin
* Nhn thy mt s nhc im ca phng php ny khi lm trc nghim:
S kh khn cho hc sinh khi gp phi loi cu hi d kin bi ton khng
cho phng trnh dao ng dng li x = Acos(et + ) m cho dng vn tc tc
thi v = - eAsin(et + ) hoc cho dng gia tc tc thi a = -e
2
Acos(et + ). Lc
ny hc sinh b ng khng th biu din hm (v) v hm (a) trn ng trn
lng gic. Mun biu din c trn ng trn lng gic th phi t hm (v),
(a) vit li dng hm (x) bng cch ly tch phn bc nht hm vn tc (v) hoc
bc 2 hm gia tc (a) y l cch rt kh khn cho hc sinh. Nu mun trnh iu
ny th phi nh hm vn tc (v) sm pha hn li (x) 1 gc / 2 t , cn hm gia tc
(a) ngc pha vi hm li (x) v gii cc phng trnh lng gic lin quan iu
ny mt nhiu thi gian, cha mun ni chnh xc vi a s hc sinh l rt thp.
Khng th nh ht cc cng thc, cc mi quan h phc tp ca cc i
lng c hc, v thiu tnh trc quan, thiu mi quan h gn b gia cc hin
tng vt l nn thng tr li sai cc cu hi d c bn nht.
Sau y, chng ti xin trnh by mt phng php khc rt trc quan, th
hin c mi quan h gia cc i lng nhm gip cc em hc sinh v h tr
gio vin trong vic gii nhanh nht, chnh
xc nht cc dng ton v dao ng c.
2. M t ni dung gii php mi :
a. C s l thuyt :
Dao ng iu ho c biu din
bi hm sin (cosin)
+ Li tc thi : x = Acos(et +
x
)
+ Vn tc tc thi: v = -e Asin(et +
x
)
+ Gia tc tc thi: a = - e
2
Acos(et +
x
)
b. Gii php mi:
Biu din c ba hm li (x), vn
tc (v) v gia tc (a) trn cng mt ng
trn lng gic nh sau:
+ Li : x = Acos(et +
x
) l hm cosin
=> cng chiu trc cosin c hng (+) t tri sang phi vi bin l x
max
= A
O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
x

V

a

1
2
3 4
+ Vn tc: v = x
= - eAsin(et +
x
) l hm tr sin
=> ngc chiu trc sin nn c hng (+) hng t trn xung vi bin
V
max
= A e
iu ny tng ng vi hm v = eAcos(et +
V
) vi / 2
v x
t = +
+ Gia tc: a = v
= - e
2
Acos(et +
x
) = -
2
e x l hm tr cosin (ngc hm x)
=> ngc chiu trc cos c hng (+) t phi sang tri vi bin a
max
=
2
e A
iu ny tng ng vi hm a = e
2
Acos(et +
a
) Vi / 2
a x v
t t = + = +
Thng qua cch biu din ny ta thy mt s im c bit v vng c bit
v mi quan h v pha ca li (x), vn tc (v), gia tc (a) cng nh vic khai thc
cc kin thc l thuyt lin quan v dao ng iu ha, cc dng nng lng ca
dao ng iu ha c th hin mt cch trc quan trn hnh v vi mt vi v d
sau :
+ Bn im c bit:
- V tr bin dng I:
( x
max
= A ; v = 0 ; a = -
2
e A)
=>Th nng cc i, ng nng cc tiu
- V tr cn bng II:
( x = 0 ; v = - A e ; a = 0 )
=>Th nng cc tiu, ng nng cc i
- V tr bin m III:
( x = -A ; v = 0 ; a
max
=
2
e A )
=>Th nng cc i, ng nng cc tiu
- V tr cn bng IV:
( x = 0 ; V
max
= A e ; a = 0)
=>Th nng cc tiu, ng nng cc i
Vy chu k dao ng tun hon ca hm ng nng v hm th nng ca
dao ng iu ha ch bng chu k T ca hm li (x), khong thi gian ng
nng (th nng) t cc i thnh cc tiu hay ngc li l chu k T ca hm li
(x).
+ Bn vng c bit:
Vng 1: x>0 ; v<0 , a<0
=> chuyn ng nhanh dn theo chiu (-) v a.v>0 v th nng gim, ng nng
tng.
Vng 2: x<0 ; v<0 , a>0
=> chuyn ng chm dn theo chiu (-) v a.v<0 v th nng tng, ng nng
gim.
Vng 3: x<0 ; v>0 , a>0
=> chuyn ng nhanh dn theo chiu (+) v a.v>0 v th nng gim, ng nng
tng.
Vng 4: x>0 ; v>0 , a<0
=> chuyn ng chm dn theo chiu (+) v a.v<0 v th nng tng, ng nng
gim.
+ Mi quan h v pha ca li (x), vn tc (v), gia tc (a):
Qua hnh v nhn thy c mi quan h v pha ca hm li (x), vn tc
(v) v gia tc (a) l : / 2
v x
t = + v / 2
a x v
t t = + = +
=>vn tc (v) sm pha hn li (x) mt gc / 2 t , tr pha hn gia tc (a) mt gc
/ 2 t
=>gia tc (a) sm pha hn vn tc (v) mt gc / 2 t , ngc pha vi li (x)

a
x
v
O
I
II
IV
III
1
2
3 4
3. Chng minh tnh kh thi ca gii php mi:
Sau y l chng minh thy r cc u im ca phng php v th
thut gii nhanh cc dng ton ca phn dao ng c thng qua tnh trc quan v
s lin h mt thit gia cc mi quan h cu li (x), vn tc (v) v gia tc (a),
ng nng, th nng, c nng
Cu 01. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh x = 6cos(2t t)cm, vn tc
ca vt ti thi im t = 7,5s l:
A. v = 0cm/s. B. v = 75,4cm/s. C. v = - 75,4cm/s. D. v = 6cm/s.
Gii:
Dng trc Ox biu din (Hnh1): lc ban u
vt v tr I sau thi gian t = 7,5s vt quay
mt gc t e =2t .7,5 = 15t lp li 7,5 vng
n v tr III => c vn tc v = 0, chn A
Cu 02. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo
phng trnh x = 6sin (4t t + / 2 t )cm, gia tc
ca vt ti thi im t = 5s l:
A. a = 0cm/s
2
B. a = 946,5cm/s
2
.
C. a = - 946,5cm/s
2
D. a = - 946,5cm/s.
Gii:
Dng trc Ox biu din (Hnh1). cho hm
x dng sin cn chuyn sang cos c dng x = 6cos (4t t )cm => ban u vt v tr I
sau thi gian t =5s vt quay 1 gc t e = 4t .5 = 20t lp li 10 vng n v tr c.
=> c gia tc a = -
2
A e = - 947,5cm/s
2
, chn C
Cu 03. Mt cht im dao ng iu ho theo c phng trnh vn tc
v=10t cos(2t t + / 2 t ) cm/s, to ca cht im ti thi im t = 1,5s l
A. x = 1,5cm. B. x = - 5cm. C. x= + 5cm. D. x = 0cm.
Gii:
Dng trc Ov biu din (Hnh1): lc ban u vt v tr I sau thi gian t = 1,5s vt
quay 1 gc t e =2t .1,5 = 3t lp li 1,5 vng n v tr III
=> c to x = - 5cm, chn B
Cu 04: Vn tc ca mt vt dao ng iu ha
bin thin theo thi gian theo phng trnh v =
2tcos(0,5tt t/6) m/s). Vo thi im no sau
y vt qua v tr c li x=2cm theo chiu
dng ca trc ta .
A. 8/3s B. 2/3s
C. 2s D. 4/3s
Gii:
Dng trc Ov biu din (Hnh 2) lc ban u vt
v tr V sau thi gian t vt quay 1 gc o =
0,5t . t = t /3 v c li x= 2cm, bin A= 4 cm
v chuyn ng theo chiu (+) n v tr VI
=> mt thi gian t = 2/3s, chn B
Cu 05. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi bin A
= 4cm v sau thi gian t =3s vt i c qung
ng 24cm, chn gc thi gian l lc vt i qua
v tr c li x =2 3 cm theo chiu dng.
Phng trnh vn tc ca vt l
A. v = 4cos(3t t - / 3 t )cm./s
B. v = 4t cos(t t + / 3 t )cm./s
C. v = 4cos(3t t + / 6 t )cm/s.
O
a x
v
I
II
IV
III
Hnh 1
O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
V
VI
o

Hnh 2
O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
Hnh 3
V
/ 3 t
D. v = 4t cos(t t - / 6 t )cm/s
Gii:
Dng trc Ox biu din (Hnh 3) lc ban u vt v tr V hm vn tc c to
ban u l + / 3 t , bin vn tc e A = 4t cm/s v chu k T = 2s ( t = 3s i c
qung ng 6A mt thi gian 1,5T)
=> hm v = 4t cos(t t + / 3 t )cm./s , chn B
Cu 06: Vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh vn tc v = 2tcos(0,5tt-t/6) cm/s.
Vo thi im no sau y vt qua v tr c li x = 2cm theo chiu dng ca trc
ta .
A. 6s B. 2s C. 4/3s D. 14/3s
Gii:
Dng trc Ox biu din (Hnh 4) lc ban u
vt v tr V bin A = 4 cm/s v
V
max
=Ae =2t sau thi gian t vt n v tr VI
c li x = 2cm theo chiu (+) v chu k T = 4s
nn thi im t = T/6 +kT
=> t = 14/3s , chn D
Cu 07: Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng,
u di c vt m=0,5kg, phng trnh dao
ng ca vt l a =100cos tt (cm/s
2
). Ly g =
10 m/s
2
. Lc tc dng vo im treo vo thi
im 0,5 (s) l
A. 5N B. 1 N
C. 5,5N D. Bng 0
Gii:
Dng trc Oa biu din (Hnh 5) lc ban u
vt v tr III, chu k T = 2s nn sau thi gian t
= 0,5s vt v tr IV l v tr cn bng. Lc tc
dng vo im treo l lc n hi
=> F = k Al
0
= mg = 5 N, chn A
Cu 08: Mt l xo cng k treo thng ng,
u trn c nh, u di gn vi vt m, ly g
= 10 m/s
2
. Chn trc Ox thng ng, chiu
dng hng xung. Vt dao ng vi
phng trnh v = 20t cos(5tt - 2t/3)cm/s. Thi im vt qua v tr l xo b gin 2
cm ln u tin l
A. 1/30s B. 11/30s C. 1/25s D. 1/10s
Gii:
Dng trc Ov biu din (Hnh 5) lc ban u vt v tr V, ti v tr cn bng l xo
gin
0 2
4( )
mg g
l cm
k e
A = = = nn ti v tr l xo gin
2cm vt c li x = -2cm v tr VI (do chiu (+)
hng xung)
=> gc quay 5t .t = / 2 t => t = 1/10 (s), chn D
Cu 09: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi biu thc
li x=4cos( 5 / 6 0, 5 t t t ), trong x tnh bng
(cm), t tnh bng (s).Vo thi im no sau y
vt s qua v tr x=2 3 (cm) theo chiu m ca
trc ta ?

O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
V
VI
/ 3 t
Hnh 4

a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
Hnh 6
VI
V
5 / 6 t
O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
Hnh 5
VI
V
/ 2 t

A. 6(s) B. 3(s) C. 2/3(s) D. 4/3(s)
Gii:
Dng trc Ox biu din (Hnh 6). cho hm x dng cosin c nhng 0 e < cn
chuyn sang dng x=4cos( 0, 5 5 / 6 t t t )cm, c chu k T = 4s. Ban u vt v tr V
sau thi gian vt quay 1 gc t e = 0,5t .t = t ( v vt v tr VI )
=>t = 2(s) p n 2 + kT (s), chn A
Cu 10 : Mt vt dao ng iu ha dc theo trc Ox vi phng trnh:
v=24t cos(4tt+t/6) cm/s. Qung ng vt i c t thi im t
1
=2/3 (s) n
thi im t
2
= 37/12 (s) l
A. 141cm B. 96cm C.234cm D. 117cm
Gii:
Dng trc Ov biu din (Hnh 7). Hm c A =
6cm ban u vt v tr V, ti thi im t
1
=
2/3(s) vt quay 1 gc
1
2
4
3
t = n v tr VI.
Trong khong thi gian
2 1
29
12
t t t A = = s quay
c gc
29 2
4 9
12 3
t t A = = ngha l lp li 4,5
vng ri n v tr I c tng qung ng i ng
vi 4,5 Chu k cng thm T/3 chu k na.
=> s =18A+0,5A+1A=19,5x6 =117 (cm), chn D
4. Mt s vn lin quan v vn dng:
a. Vn lin quan:
Khi hc sinh bit cch s dng vng trn lng gic trn vi 3 trc to
tng ng Ox, Ov, Oa th c th vn dng gii cc bi ton v dao ng in
t vi cc mi quan h gia dao ng c v dao ng in t nh sau:

S tng t gia dao ng c v dao ng in t

i lng
c
i lng
in t
Dao ng c Dao ng in t
x q x + e
2
x = 0 q + e
2
q = 0
v i k
m
e =
1
LC
e =
m L x = Acos(et + ) q= q
0
cos(et + )
k
1
C

v = x=-eAsin(et+ ) i=q= -eq
0
sin(et+)
F u
2 2 2
( )
v
A x
e
= +
2 2 2
0
( )
i
q q
e
= +
R F = -kx = -me
2
x 2
q
u L q
C
e = =
W
W
t
(W
L
)
W
=
1
2
mv
2
W
t
=
1
2
Li
2
W
t
W
(W
C
)
W
t
=
1
2
kx
2
W
=
2
2
q
C

Nh vy chng ta c th thay th:
+Trc (Ox) thnh trc (Oq) hay (Ou
C
)
+Trc (Ov) thnh trc (Oi)
+Trc (Oa) thnh trc (Ou
L
)
O
a
x
v
I
II
IV
III
Hnh 7
VI
V
/ 6 t
Ta s dng vng trn lng gic gii cc dng ton tm:
Chu k, thi im, in tch, dng in, in p gia hai u t, hai u cun dy,
cc gi tr ca cc hm nng lng nh nng lng in, nng lng t
Tng t nh dao ng c ta cng rt ra c cc im c bit, cc vng
c bit cng nh mi quan h ca cc i lng mt cch trc quan thng qua
mt s v d sau:
+ Bn im c bit:
- V tr I: ( q
max
= Q
0
; i = 0 ; u
L
= -
0
Q
C
= - L
2
e Q
0
)
=>Nng lng in cc i, nng lng t cc
tiu
- V tr II: ( q = 0 ; i = -
0
Q e ; u
L
= 0 )
=>Nng lng in cc tiu, nng lng t cc
i
- V tr III: (q = -Q
0
; i = 0 ; u
L

max
=
0
Q
C
= L
2
e Q
0
)
=>Nng lng in cc i, nng lng t cc
tiu
- V tr IV: ( q = 0 ; i
max
=
0
Q e ; u
L
= 0)
=>Nng lng in cc tiu, nng lng t cc i
Vy chu k dao ng tun hon ca hm nng lng in v hm nng
lng t ca dao ng in t ch bng chu k T ca hm in tch (q), khong
thi gian nng lng in (nng lng t) t cc i chuyn thnh cc tiu hay
ngc li l chu k T ca hm in tch (q).
+ Bn vng c bit:
Vng 1: q>0, i<0, u
L
<0 => Nng lng in gim, nng lng t tng
Vng 2: q<0, i<0, u
L
>0 => Nng lng in tng, nng lng t gim
Vng 3: q<0, i>0, u
L
>0 => Nng lng in gim, nng lng t tng
Vng 4: q>0, i>0, u
L
<0 => Nng lng in tng, nng lng t gim
+Mi quan h v pha ca in tch (q), cng dng in tc thi (i), in
p trn hai u cun dy (u
L
):
Qua hnh v thy c mi quan h v pha ca in tch (q), cng dng
in tc thi (i), in p trn hai u cun dy (u
L
): / 2
i q
t = + v
/ 2
L
u q i
t t = + = + .
=> cng dng in tc thi (i) sm pha hn in tch (q) hay in p trn hai
u t in (u
C
) mt gc / 2 t , tr pha hn in p trn hai u cun dy (u
L
) mt
gc / 2 t .
=> in p trn hai u cun dy (u
L
) sm pha hn cng dng in tc thi (i)
mt gc / 2 t . ngc pha vi in tch (q).
b. Phn dnh cho hc sinh vn dng, tnh ton tr li :
Cu 01. Mt mch dao ng l tng (LC). Dao ng in t ring (t do) ca
mch (LC) c chu k 2,0.10
-4
s

. Nng lng in trng trong mch bin thin tun
hon vi chu k l:
A. 4,0.10
-4
s. B. 0,5.10
-4
s. C. 1,0.10
-4
s. D. 2,0.10
-4
s.
p n C.
Cu 02. Mt mch dao ng in t (LC) l tng gm cun cm thun c t
cm 5 H v t in c in dung 5 F. Trong mch c dao ng in t t do.
Khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip m in tch trn mi bn t in c ln
cc i l
A. 5 t .10
-6
s. B. 2,5t .10
-6
s. C . 10 t .10
-6
s. D. 10
-6
s.
u
L
O
q
i
I
II
IV
III
q

i

L
u

1
2
3
4
p n A
Cu 03. Mt mch dao ng in t t do gm mt cun dy c h s t cm L =
0,636H v t in C = 0,255nF. Bit t in c tch in n hiu in th U
0
.
Thi gian ngn nht nng lng in trng ca t gim t cc i n 0 l:
A. t = 8.10
-5
(s). B. t = 4.10
-5
(s). C. t = 2.10
-5
(s). D. t = 10
-5
(s).
p n C
Cu 04. Mt mch dao ng (LC) l tng. Bit in p tc thi gia hai bn t c
biu thc u = 60sin(10
4
tt + t/6)(V). Cun dy thun cm c h s t cm L = 1mH.
Khong thi gian ngn nht m in tch ca t in tng t mt na cc i m
n mt na cc i dng l
A. t = 0,5.10
- 4
(s). B. t = 10
- 4
/3

(s). C. t = 0,67.10
- 4
(s). D. t = 10
- 4
/6

(s).
p n B
Cu 05. Mt mch dao ng l tng (LC) gm cun dy thun cm c L = 0,2mH
v t in c in dung C = 8pF. Bit ban u t c cung cp mt nng lng
W = 0,25.10
-3
mJ. Chn gc thi gian lc dng in qua cun dy c gi tr cc i.
Biu thc in p gia hai bn t in l?
A. u = 250 cos (25.10
6
t - t/2)(V). B. u = 250 cos(25.10
6
t +t)(V).
C. u = 250 cos (25.10
6
t)(V). D. u = 220 cos (25.10
6
t)(V).
p n A
Cu 06. Mt mch dao ng in t l trng c tn s dao ng l 0,5kHz, t in
c in dung C = 1F. in p cc i gia hai bn t l U
0
= 100V. Chn gc thi
gian l lc q = - 3 Q
0
/2 th biu thc in tch ca t theo thi gian l
A. q = 10
-4
cos (100tt + t/2)(C). B. q = 10
-4
cos (100tt + t/6)(C).
C. q = 0,01cos (1000tt - t/6) (mC). D. q = 0,1cos (1000tt + 7t/6)(mC)
p n D
Cu 07. Mt mch dao ng l trng (LC). in p hai bn t l u = 5sin10
4
t(V),
in dung C= 0,4( F). Biu thc cng dng in trong khung l:
A. i = 2.10
-2
cos (10
4
t ) (A) B. i = 2.10
2
sin(10
4
t + t ) (A)
C. i = 2cos (10
4
t + t /2) (A) D. i = 0,02cos(10
4
t-t ) (A)
p n A
Cu 08. Mt mch dao ng (LC) l tng in tch trn t bin thin theo phng
trnh q = Q
0
cos(7000t + t/3) (C), vi t o bng giy. Thi im ln u tin nng
lng in trng trong t in bng nng lng t trng trong cun dy l
A. 74,8 s B. 14,96 C. 112,22 s D. 186,99s
p n C
Cu 09. Mt mch dao ng in t gm mt cun dy thun cm L = 4H v mt
t in c in dung C. Trong qu trnh dao ng, cng cc i qua cun dy
l 12mA. Khi cng dng in qua cun dy l 4mA th nng lng in trng
t in l
A. 3,2mJ. B. 0,256mJ. C. 0,320mJ. D. 0,288mJ
p n B
Cu 10. Mt mch in RLC ni tip c dng in i = I
0
sin(2tft + )(A). in lng
chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn trong 0,5 chu k, k t lc dng in b trit
tiu l
A. I
0
/2tf (C). B. 2I
0
/tf (C) C. I
0
/tf (C) D. I
0
/4tf (C).
p n C
5. u im:Vic s dng vng trn lng gic cng mt lc vi 3 trc Ox, Ov, Oa
gip cho chng ta c thun li nhiu vn sau:
Th nht: Trnh c cc kin thc ton hc cao cp nh o hm, tch
phn lm cho vt l khng b ton hc ha y cng l phn m a s hc sinh
mi i tng u gp kh khn.
Th hai: Cng thng qua hnh v ny ta c th xc nh ngay lp tc cc gi
tr tng ng ca vn tc (v) v gia tc (a) khi bit li (x) hoc tm thy vn tc
(v), ta (x) khi bit gia tc hoc ngc li ti mt thi im (t) hoc (t + t A ) no
. Gii quyt hu ht cc dng ton v dao ng iu ha nh thc trng nu.
iu ny nu tnh ton bng phng php i s rt lu v thng b sai.
Th ba: Cng nh phn dao ng c hc phn dao ng in t t do
mch dao ng l trng (LC) ta c th ch ngay c cng dng in tc thi
(i) khi bit in tch (q) trn hai bn t, d dng tm thy ngay chu k dao ng tun
hon ca nng lng in, nng lng t ca mch dao ng c th gii quyt
hu ht cc dng ton ca chng ny theo yu cu ca thi tt nghip v i
hc hin nay.
Th t: Khng cn nh nhiu cc cng thc c th ca to , vn tc, gia
tc ca phn dao ng iu ha v in tch trn t in, in p hai u t, in
p hai u cun dy cng dng in trong mch dao ng l tng
(LC)Phng php ny lin kt c mt cch c h thng, trc quan cc mi
quan h c tnh cht tng qut, trng tm ca phn dao ng c, dao ng in t
t hiu c bn cht trong qu trnh nhm tr li nhanh, chnh xc nht
cc cu hi dng l thuyt v bi tp theo yu cu ca bi.
6. Nhc im v khc phc:
Khi mi s dng ng trn lng gic mt s hc sinh cn hiu lm l:
+ Gin vc t ca hm (x), hm (v), hm (a) cho nn dn n kt qu sai l cho
hm (v) tr pha hn hm (x) [ hm (i) tr pha hn hm (q)] mt gc / 2 t trnh
trng hp ny khi tnh lch pha ca cc hm s ta c theo nh ngha
12 1 2
A = t tr li hm no sm (tr) pha hn.
+ Trong mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh (RLC) hc sinh vn cho hm (i)
sm pha hn hm (u
C
) mt gc / 2 t cn lu cho hc sinh bit iu ny ch xy ra
khi in tr thun R = 0( O).

CY CU S TNG HP DAO NG

PHN HAI
TNG HP DAO NG IU HO IU HO CNG PHNG,
CNG TN S
Hin ti tng hp hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s nh sau:
x
1
= A
1
cos(et+
1
) v x
2
=A
2
cos(et +
2
) ta c mt dao ng iu ho cng
phng cng tn s x=Acos(et+).
Trong :
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 2 1
2 os( ) A A A A A c = + +
v
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
sin sin
tan
os os
A A
Ac A c

+
=
+
vi
1

2
(nu
1

2
)
* Nu A = 2k (x
1
, x
2
cng pha) A
Max
= A
1
+ A
2
* Nu A = (2k+1) (x
1
, x
2
ngc pha) A
Min
= ,A
1
- A
2
,

=> Tng qut bin dao ng : ,A
1
- A
2
, A A
1
+ A
2
Khi bit mt dao ng thnh phn x
1
= A
1
cos(et +
1
) v dao ng tng hp
x=Acos(et+ ) th dao ng thnh phn cn li l x
2
= A
2
cos(et +
2
).
Trong :
2 2 2
2 1 1 1
2 os( ) A A A AAc = +
1 1
2
1 1
sin sin
tan
os os
A A
Ac Ac

vi
1

2
( nu
1

2
)
Nu mt vt tham gia ng thi nhiu dao ng iu ho cng phng cng
tn s x
1
= A
1
cos(et +
1
, x
2
= A
2
cos(et +
2
) th dao ng tng hp cng l dao
ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s: x = Acos(et + ).
Chiu ln trc Ox v trc Oy trong h xOy.
Ta c:
1 1 2 2
os os os ...
x
A Ac Ac A c = = + + v
1 1 2 2
sin sin sin ...
y
A A A A = = + +
2 2
x y
A A A = + v tan
y
x
A
A
= vi e[
Min
,
Max
]
Hoc song song vi cch trn th ngi ta biu din gin Fresnel t
tm bin A v pha ban u
Mt nhiu thi gian biu din gin vct, i khi khng biu din c
vi nhng bi ton tng hp t 3 dao ng tr ln, hay tm dao ng thnh phn.
Ta thy vic xc nh bin A v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp
theo phng php Frexnen l rt phc tp v d nhm ln khi thao tc nhp my
i vi cc em hc sinh, thm ch cn phin phc ngay c vi gio vin.
Vic xc nh gc hay
2
tht s kh khn i vi hc sinh bi v cng
mt gi tr tan trong bi ton vt l lun tn ti hai gi tr ca v d tan =1 th
= / 4 t hoc 3 / 4 t = vy chn gi tr no cho ph hp vi bi ton.
Sau y, chng ti xin trnh by mt phng php khc nhm gip cc em
hc sinh v h tr gio vin kim tra nhanh c kt qu bi ton tng hp dao
ng trn.
2. M t ni dung gii php mi :
a. C s l thuyt:
Nh ta bit mt dao ng iu ho ( ) os x Ac t e = +
+ C th c biu din bng mt vect quay A
c di t l vi bin A v to
vi trc honh mt gc bng gc pha ban u .
+ Mt khc cng c th c biu din bng s phc di a
*
= Ae
j ( ) t e +
v cc
dao ng cng tn s gc e c tr s xc nh nn thun tin trong tnh ton ngi
ta thng vit vi quy c a
*
= Ae
j
trong my tnh CASIO fx- 570ES k hiu
di dng m l A Z .
+ c bit gic s c hin th trong phm vi : -180
0
< s180
0
hay t < s t
rt ph hp vi bi ton tng hp dao ng iu ho.
Nh vy vic tng hp cc dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s
bng phng php Frexnen cng ng ngha vi vic cng cc s phc biu din
ca cc dao ng .
b. Gii php mi: (Cc thao tc vi my tnh CASIO fx 570ES )
Chn ch mc nh ca my tnh:
+ tnh dng to cc : A Z . Bm my tnh nh sau: 3 2 SHIFT MODE +
+ tnh dng to cc: a + ib. Bm my tnh nh sau: 3 1 SHIFT MODE +
thc hin cc php tnh v s phc th ta phi chn Mode ca my tnh
dng Complex (dng s phc) pha trn mn hnh xut hin ch CMPLX. Ta
bm my nh sau: 2 MODE
ci t n v o gc (Deg, Rad, Gra) cng c tc dng vi s phc. Nu
trn mn hnh hin th k hiu D th ta phi nhp cc gc ca s phc c n v o
gc l . Nu mn hnh hin th k hiu R th ta nhp cc gc vi n vi rad. Chn
ch ny c th bm my nh sau: SHIFT 3 MODE l chn ch tnh theo ,
cn bm my SHIFT 4 MODE l chn ch tnh theo rad. Kinh nghim cho thy
nhp vi n v nhanh hn n v rad nhng kt qu sau cng cn phi chuyn
sang n v rad i vi nhng bi ton cho theo n v rad.
nhp k hiu gc Z ca s phc ta n
( ) SHIFT .
V d: Dao ng ( ) 6 os / 3 x c t e t = + s c biu din vi s phc 6 60 Z hay 6 / 3 t Z
ta nhp my nh sau:
- Ch tnh theo (D) :
( ) 6 SHIFT 60 s hin th l 6 60 Z .
- Ch tnh theo rad (R):
( ) 6 SHIFT ( : 3) t s hin th l 6 / 3 t Z .
a. tm dao ng tng hp ta thc hin php tnh cng:
Cu 1: Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s
x
1
= a 2 .cos(e t+t /4)(cm), x
2
= a.cos( e t + t ) (cm) c phng trnh dao ng
tng hp l
A. x = a 2 .sin(e t +2t /3)(cm) B. x = a.sin( e t +t /2)(cm)
C. x = 3a/2.sin( e t +t /4)(cm) D. x = 2a/3.sin( e t +t /6)(cm)
Gii:
Tin hnh nhp my: Ch tnh (D). Tm dao ng tng hp
2 45 + 1 180 Z Z = . Hin th: 1 90 Z , chn B
Cu 2: Ba dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh ln lt
l x
1
= 4 cos( t t - t /6) (cm) , x
2
= 5cos(t t - t /2) cm v x
3
=3cos(20t+2t /3) (cm).
Dao ng tng hp ca 3 dao ng ny c bin v pha ban u l
A. 4,82cm; -1,15 rad B. 5,82cm; -1,15 rad
C.4,20cm; 1,15 rad D.8,80cm; 1,15 rad
Gii:
Tin hnh nhp my: Ch tnh rad (R). Tm dao ng tng hp
4 / 6 5 / 2 3 2 / 3 t t t Z + Z + Z = . Hin th: 4.82... 1,15... Z chn A
b. tm dao ng thnh phn ta thc hin php tnh tr:
Cu 3: Mt cht im dao ng iu ho c phng trnh dao ng tng hp
x=5 2 cos(e t + 5t /12) vi cc dao ng thnh phn cng phng, cng tn s l
x
1
=A
1
cos( e t +
1
) x
2
=5cos(e t+t /6 ), pha ban u ca dao ng 1 l:
A.
1
= 2t /3 B.
1
= t /2 C.
1
= t /4 D.
1
= 3 / t
Gii:
Tin hnh nhp my: Ch tnh rad (R). Tm dao ng thnh phn
5 2 5 / 12 5 / 6 t t Z Z = . Hin th: 5 2 / 3 t Z , chn A
Cu 4: Mt vt ng thi tham gia 3 dao ng cng phng, cng tn s c
phng trnh dao ng: x
1
= 2 3 cos(2t + t/3) cm, x
2
= 4cos(2t +t/6) cm v
phng trnh dao ng tng hp c dng x = 6cos(2t - t/6) cm. Tnh bin dao
ng v pha ban u ca dao ng thnh phn th 3:
A. 8cm v - t/2 . B. 6cm v t/3. C. 8cm v t/6 . D. 8cm v t/2.
Gii:
Tin hnh nhp my: Ch tnh rad (R). Tm dao ng thnh phn th 3
6 / 6 2 3 / 3 4 / 6 t t t Z Z Z = . Hin th : 8 / 2 t Z , chn A
* Lu :
+ Khi thc hin cc php tnh m kt qu php tnh c hin th c th di dng
i s a+bi. Tc l cha mc nh dng A Z . Hoc c dng A Z cn chuyn
qua dng a + bi. Ta phi chuyn kt qu ny v li dng cn thit.
Bng cch:
- Chuyn t dng to cc a + bi sang dng to cc A Z : SHIFT 2 3 =
v d:
( ) 8 SHIFT ( : 3) t hin th: 4+4 3i ta cn chuyn sang dng A Z bm
SHIFT 2 3 = s c kt qu l : 8 / 3 t Z
- Chuyn t dng to cc A Z sang dng to cc a + bi : SHIFT 2 4 =
v d:
( ) 8 SHIFT ( : 3) t hin th : 8 / 3 t Z ta cn chuyn sang dng a+bi bm
SHIFT 2 4 = s c kt qu l : 4+4 3i
+ Theo kinh nghim th cn chn ch mc nh theo dng to cc A Z bi
ton nhanh hn, v thc t trong phn tng hp dao ng cha cn thit s dng
dng cc.
a.Vn lin quan:
Hin ti trn mng inter net c ti liu hng dn cc thao tc s dng vi
my tnh CASIO fx 570MS nhng y l loi my c cu hnh yu hn my tnh
CASIO fx 570ES (c php mang vo phng thi) m chuyn ny cp
n. Mt khc kt qu him th ca CASIO fx 570MS v bin A ri sau l
gc lch phi thng qua mt bc tnh na, cn my tnh CASIO fx 570ES
hin th ng thi.
b. Phn dnh cho hc sinh vn dng, tnh ton, tr li:
Cu 01: Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn
s x
1
=cos(2tt + t)(cm), x
2
= 3 .cos(2tt - t/2)(cm). Phng trnh ca dao ng
tng hp
A. x = 2.cos(2tt - 2t/3) (cm) B. x = 4.cos(2tt + t/3) (cm)
C. x = 2.cos(2tt + t/3) (cm) D. x = 4.cos(2tt + 4t/3) (cm)
p n A
Cu 02: Cho hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s x
1
= 3cos(5t t
+t /2) (cm) v x
2
= 3cos( 5t t + 5t /6)(cm). Phng trnh dao ng tng hp l
A. x = 3 cos ( 5t t + t /3) (cm). B. x = 3 cos ( 5t t + 2t /3) (cm).
C. x= 2 3 cos ( 5t t + 2t /3) (cm). D. x = 4 cos ( 5t t + t /3) (cm)
p n B
Cu 03: Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s
x
1
=cos(10t+ / 3 t )(cm) v x
2
= 2cos(10t + )(cm). Phng trnh dao ng tng
hp
A. x = 2 cos(10t + 4 t )(cm) B. x = 3 cos(10t +5 6 / t )(cm)
C. x = 2cos(10t + 2 t )(cm) D. x = 2 3 cos(10t + 4 t )(cm)
p n B
Cu 04: Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn
s theo cc phng trnh: x
1
= - 4sin(t t ) v x
2
= 4 3 cos(t t) cm. Phng trnh
ca dao ng tng hp
A. x
1
= 8cos( t t + t /6) cm B. x
1
= 8sin( t t -t /6) cm
C. x
1
= 8cos( t t - t /6) cm D. x
1
= 8sin(t t + t /6) cm
p n A
Cu 05: Mt vt tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn
s c phng trnh ln lt l x
1
= 2.sin(10t - t/3) (cm), x
2
= cos(10t + t/6) (cm) (t
o bng giy). Xc nh vn tc cc i ca vt.
A. 5 (cm/s) B. 20 (cm) C. 1 (cm/s) D. 10 (cm/s)
p n D
Cu 06: oa n ma ch xoay chiu co
i n tr
thu n , cu n dy thu n ca
m va
tu i n
m c n i ti p. B la
m t i m trn AC v
i u
AB
= cos100tt (V) v u
BC
= 3cos(100tt-
t /2) (V). Tm biu thc in p u
AC
.
A.
AC
Cos u 2 2 (100 t) V = t B. ( )
AC
cos u 2 100 t / 3 V = t +t
C. ( )
AC
os u 2c 100 t / 3 V = t +t D. ( )
AC
os u 2c 100 t / 3 V = t t
p n D
Cu 07: Mt vt ng thi thc hin 3 dao ng cng phng, cng tn s c
phng trnh dao ng ln lt l : ( )( )
1
x 2 3cos 2 t / 3 cm = t +t ,
( )( )
2
x 4cos 2 t / 6 cm = t +t v ( )( )
3
x 8sin 2 t cm = t . Gi tr vn tc cc i ca vt v
pha ban u ca li dao ng tng hp ln lt l:
A. 12(cm/s) v / 3 t (rad) B. 16(cm/s) v / 6 t (rad)
C. 16cm/s v / 6 t (rad) D. 12(cm/s) v - / 6 t (rad)
p n D
Cu 08: Mch in xoay chiu ba pha mc sao c dy trung ho. Cng dng
in tc thi qua cc dy pha l 5 2 os(100 )
1
c t i t = (A); 8 3 os(100 2 / 3)
2
i c t t t = + (A)
v 3 5 os(100 2 / 3)
3
i c t t t = (A). Cng dng in tc thi qua dy trung ho l
A. 6,97 os(100 2, 05) i c t t = + (A) B. 5,97 os(100 2, 05) i c t t = + (A)
C. 6,97 os(100 1, 09) i c t t = (A) D. 5,97 os(100 1, 09) i c t t = (A)
p n A
Cu 09: M t v t th c hi n ng th
i 4 dao ng i u ho
a cu
ng phng , cng tn
s co
cc phng trnh: x
1
= 3sin(tt + t) cm, x
2
= 3costt (cm), x
3
= 2sin(tt + t) cm,
x
4
= 2costt (cm). Phng trnh dao ng t ng h p cu
a v t .
A. 2 5 cos( / 4) x t t t = + cm B. 5 2cos( / 2) x t t t = + cm
C. 5cos( / 2) x t t t = + cm D. 5cos( / 4) x t t t = cm
p n A
Cu 10: M t v t th c hi n ng th
i 4 dao ng i u ho
a cu
ng phng , cng tn
s co
ca
c phng tri
nh x
1
= 3 cos t t 2 (cm), x
2
= 3 3 cos(
2
2
t
t + t )(cm),
x
3
=6cos(
3
4
2
t
t + t ) (cm) , x
4
= 6cos(
3
2
2
t
t + t )(cm). Phng trnh dao ng t ng h p
ca vt.
A. x=6cos(
3
4
2
t
t t )(cm) B. x = 6cos(
3
2
2
t
t t )(cm)
C. x = 12cos(
3
4
2
t
t + t ) (cm) D. x= 12cos(
3
t
t t )(cm)
p n A
5. u im:
Th nht: Thc hin nhanh c bi ton tng hp vi nhiu dao ng v
pha ban u ca cc dao ng c th c tr s bt k. iu ny c minh
chng trong lp bi dng SGK nm 2008 -2009 ca c hai t pha bc tnh v
v nam tnh bi ton s 2 v thi lng nu tnh bng phng php gin
Fresnel mt 15 pht cn gii bng phng php s dng my tnh mt khong 2
pht
Th hai: L phng php ti u v c th ni l duy nht tnh cc dao
ng tng hp t 3 hoc 4 dao ng thnh phn tht nhanh v chnh xc.
Th ba: Khi tnh ton bng hm phc th gi tr ca l chnh xc, duy nht
cn tnh theo hm tan ta phi chn nghim, ngoi ra cn tn rt nhiu thao tc.
Do hc sinh khng c trang b l thuyt v s phc nn vic dng my
tnh ban u c th gp rc ri m khng bit cch khc phc. (v d nh MODE,
ch Deg, Rad, ). Nhng thao tc my nm ba ln ri s quen, v cng khng
cn thit bit my tnh thc hin tnh ton hm phc nh th no.
Tc thao tc ph thuc nhiu vo cc loi my tnh khc nhau, khng
dng cho cc loi my tnh c cu hnh yu hn. (Nhc im ny, gio vin c
th khc phc d. Nhng vi hc sinh, cha c my tnh fx 570ES c th mua
gi khong 250.000 ng ).
Khi tr v ch tnh c bn thng qun khng chn li ch tnh bnh
thng 1 MODE . Nu qun iu ny th kt qu tnh ton cc php tnh c bn
ca cc bi ton tip theo s b sai cn lu iu ny.

HIN TNG SNG

PHN BA
GIAO THOA SNG C

Hin ti sch gio khoa cung cp kin thc v giao thoa nh sau:
a) Hai ngun dao ng cng pha, cng bin :
Giao thoa ca hai sng pht ra t hai ngun sng kt hp S
1
, S
2
cch nhau
mt khong l. Xt im M cch hai ngun ln lt d
1
, d
2
. Phng trnh sng ti hai
ngun cng pha c dng
1 2
Acos(2 ) u u u ft t = = =
+ Phng trnh sng ti M do hai sng t hai ngun truyn ti:
1
1
Acos(2 2 )
M
d
u ft t t
= v
2
2
Acos(2 2 )
M
d
u ft t t
=
+ Phng trnh giao thoa sng ti M: u
M
= u
1M
+ u
2M

=> C lch pha: ( )
1 2
2 1 1 2
2
2
M
d d
d d
t
t

| |
A = = =
|
\ .

=> C bin : 2 os
2
M
A A c
A
=
- Nu dao ng cc i:
1 2
0, 1, 2, 3... d d k k = =
- S ng hoc s im (khng tnh hai ngun):
l l
k

< <
- Nu dao ng cc tiu: ( )
1 2
0, 5 0, 1, 2, 3... d d k k = + =
1 1
2 2
l l
k

< <
b) Nu hai ngun dao ng thnh phn ngc pha nhau ta m rng
thm:
- Nu dao ng cc i: d
1
d
2
= (k+0,5) 0, 1, 2, 3... k =
1 1
2 2
l l
k

< <
- Nu dao ng cc tiu: d
1
d
2
= k 0, 1, 2, 3... k =
-S ng hoc s im (khng tnh hai ngun):
l l
k

< <
Vn rt kh khn hin nay l cc cu hi, bi tp trc nghim yu cu
gii cc bi ton tng qut khi dao ng khng cng pha, ngc pha m lch pha
nhau mt gc bt k. Cng nh vic tng hp hai sng khng cng bin . iu
ny bt buc hc sinh phi lm li bi ton t u mt nhiu thi gian, cha chc
chnh xc.
Sau y, chng ti xin trnh by mt phng php khc bng cch yu cu
hc sinh cn nh 2 cng thc c bn nhng tng qut nht ca chng ny. Tuy
s lng cng thc khng nhiu nhng n c th gii quyt hu ht cc dng ton
ca phn giao thoa sng c khng nhng p ng tt cho cc bi thi tt nghip m
c cc bi thi tuyn sinh i hc.
2.M t ni dung gii php mi :
a. C s l thuyt:
Giao thoa ca hai sng pht ra t hai ngun sng kt hp S
1
, S
2
cch nhau
mt khong l. Xt im M cch hai ngun ln lt d
1
, d
2
.
+ Phng trnh sng ti 2 ngun l
1 1 1
A cos(2 ) u ft t = + v
2 2 2
A cos(2 ) u ft t = +
+ Phng trnh sng ti M do hai sng t hai ngun truyn ti:
1
1 1 1
A cos(2 2 )
M
d
u ft t t
= + v
2
2 2 2
A cos(2 2 )
M
d
u ft t t
= +
+ Phng trnh sng ti M do s tng hp hai sng: u
M
= u
1M
+ u
2M

b. Gii php mi:
Ta c th tm hm sng u
M
thng qua tm bin A v pha ban u
M
bng
phng php s dng my tnh casio fx 570ES khi bit cc gi tr t hm (u
1M
)
v (u
2M
) nh phn hai trnh by.
Ta c th rt ra 2 cng thc cn nh gii cc dng ton phn sng c:
- lch pha ca hai sng t hai ngun n M l:
( )
2 1 1 2
2
M M M
d d
t

A = = + A (1) vi
2 1
A =
=> hiu ng i ca sng t hai ngun n M l: ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A (2)
i vi hc sinh ch cn nh cc cng thc (1), (2) bng cch hc thuc (1)
suy ra (2), khi tnh ton cn lu vi d kin bi ton cho v yu cu ca
bi.
Cn ch :
-
2 1
A = l lch pha ca hai sng thnh phn ca ngun 2 so vi ngun 1
-
2 1 M M M
A = l lch pha ca hai sng thnh phn ti M ca ngun 2 so vi
ngun 1 do sng t ngun 2 v ngun 1 truyn n
- C th tnh bin bng cng thc:
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 M
2 os A A A A A c = + + A
Vi bi ton tm s ng dao ng cc i, cc tiu hoc theo yu cu no
ca bi ton gia hai im M, N cch hai ngun ln lt l d
1M
, d
2M
, d
1N
, d
2N
.
Lc ta t Ad
M
= d
1M
- d
2M
; Ad
N
= d
1N
- d
2N
v gi s Ad
M
< Ad
N
Th ta c:
Ad
M
< ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A < Ad
N
. Vi s gi tr nguyn ca k tha mn biu thc
trn l s ng cn tm.
chng minh ta vn dng 2 cng thc trn tr li cc cu hi sau:
Cu 01:Ti hai im A v B trn mt cht lng c hai ngun pht sng dao ng
theo phng thng ng vi cc phng trnh ln lt l u
1
= a
1
cos(50tt + t/2) v
u
2
= a
2
cos(50tt + t). Tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l 1 (m/s). Mt im M
trn mt cht lng cch cc ngun ln lt l d
1
v d
2
. Xc nh iu kin M
nm trn ng cc i? (vi k l s nguyn)
A. d
1
- d
2
= 4k + 2 (cm) B. d
1
- d
2
= 4k + 1 (cm)
C. d
1
- d
2
= 4k - 1 (cm) D. d
1
- d
2
= 2k - 1 (cm)
Gii:
Bc sng
100
4( )
25
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A V M
nm trn ng cc i nn 2
M
k t A = => (d
1
- d
2
) =
4
(2 / 2) 4 1
2
k k t t
t
= =>chn C
Cu 02:Trn mt nc c hai ngun pht sng kt hp S
1
v S
2
, dao ng theo
cc phng trnh ln lt l: u
1
= a
1
cos(50tt + t/2) v u
2
= a
2
cos(50tt). Tc
truyn sng ca cc ngun trn mt nc l 1 (m/s). Hai im P, Q thuc h vn
giao thoa c hiu khong cch n hai ngun l PS
1
- PS
2
= 5 cm, QS
1
- QS
2
= 7
cm. Hi cc im P, Q nm trn ng dao ng cc i hay cc tiu?
A. P, Q thuc cc i B. P, Q thuc cc tiu
C. P cc i, Q cc tiu D. P cc tiu, Q cc i
Gii:
Bc sng
100
4( )
25
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (1) ( )
1 2
2
M
d d
t

A = + A
=>
2
.5 2
4 2
P
t t
t A = = =2kt => im P thuc cc i
=>
2
.7 3 (2 1)
4 2
Q
k
t t
t t A = = = + => im Q thuc cc tiu => chn C
Cu 03:Trn mt nc hai ngun sng A v B dao ng iu ho theo phng
vung gc vi mt nc vi phng trnh u
1
= u
2
= acos(10tt). Bit tc truyn
sng 20(cm/s), bin sng khng i khi truyn i. Mt im N trn mt nc c
hiu khong cch n hai ngun A v B tho mn AN - BN = 10 cm. im N nm
trn ng ng yn .. k t trung trc ca AB v v .
A. th 3 - pha A B. th 2 - pha A C. th 3 - pha B D. th 2 - pha B
Gii:
Bc sng
20
4( )
5
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (1) ( )
1 2
2
M
d d
t

A = + A
=>
2
.10 0 5 (2 1) 2
4
N
k k
t
t t A = = = + => =
=> im N nm trn ng ng yn th 3 v pha B v d
1
> d
2
=> chn C

Cu 04:Ti hai im A v B trn mt cht lng cch nhau 10 cm c hai ngun pht
sng kt hp dao ng theo phng trnh u
1
= acos(10tt), u
2
= bcos(10tt + t). Tc
truyn sng trn mt cht lng 20 (cm/s). Tm s cc tiu trn on AB.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3
Gii:
Bc sng
20
4( )
5
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
V M nm trn ng cc tiu nn (2 1)
M
k t A = + =>(d
1
-d
2
) = | |
4
(2 1) ) 4
2
k k t t
t
+ =
m AB < d
1
-d
2
< AB nn ta c -2,5 < k < 2,5 c 5 im cc tiu => chn A
Cu 05: Hai ngun sng kt hp A, B cch nhau 21cm dao ng theo cc phng
trnh u
1
= acos(4tt), u
2
= bcos(4tt + t), lan truyn trong mi trng vi tc
12(cm/s).Tm s im dao ng cc i trong khong AB
A. 7 B. 8 C. 6 D. 5
Gii:
Bc sng
12
6( )
2
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
V M nm trn ng cc i nn 2
M
k t A = => (d
1
-d
2
) =
6
(2 ) 6 3
2
k k t t
t
=
m AB < d
1
-d
2
< AB nn ta c -3 < k < 4 c 6 im cc i => chn C
Cu 06:Ti hai im A v B trn mt cht lng cch nhau 15 cm c hai ngun pht
1
= acos(40tt), u
2
= bcos(40tt + t). Tc
truyn sng trn mt cht lng 40 (cm/s). Gi E, F l hai im trn on AB sao
cho AE = EF = FB. Tm s cc i trn on EF.
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
Gii:
Bc sng
40
2( )
20
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
M
k t A = => (d
1
-d
2
) =
2
(2 ) 2 1
2
k k t t
t
=
m AB/3 s d
1
-d
2
sAB/3 nn ta c -2 s k s 3 c 6 im cc i (s d c du
bng v EF nm gia AB) => chn B
Cu 07:Ti hai im A v B trn mt nc cch nhau 16 cm c hai ngun pht
1
= acos(30tt), u
2
= bcos(30tt + t/2).
Tc truyn sng trn mt nc 30 (cm/s). Gi E, F l hai im trn on AB sao
cho AE = FB = 2 cm. Tm s cc tiu trn on EF.
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
Gii:
Bc sng
30
2( )
15
v
cm
f
= = = . Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
V M nm trn ng cc tiu nn (2 1)
M
k t A = +
=> (d
1
-d
2
) =
| |
2
(2 1) / 2) 2 0, 5
2
k k t t
t
+ = + m 12 s d
1
- d
2
s 12
ta c -6,25 sk s5,75 c 12 im cc tiu (s d c du bng v EF nm trong
on gia AB) => chn C
Cu 08:Trn mt nc c hai ngun kt hp A v B cch nhau 8 cm, dao ng
theo phng trnh ln lt l u
1
= acos(8tt), u
2
= bcos(8tt). Bit tc truyn sng
4cm/s. Gi C v D l hai im trn mt nc sao cho ABCD l hnh ch nht c
cnh BC = 6cm. Tnh s im dao ng vi bin cc tiu trn on CD.
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
Gii:
Bc sng
4
1( )
4
v
cm
f
= = = .
Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
V M nm trn ng cc tiu nn
(2 1)
M
k t A = +
=> (d
1
-d
2
) = | |
1
(2 1) 0) 0, 5
2
k k t
t
+ = +
m 4 s d
1
-d
2
s4 nn ta c - 4,5 s k s3,5 c 8 im cc tiu => chn A
Cu 09:Trn mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A v B cch nhau 8 cm, dao ng
theo phng trnh ln lt l u
1
= acos(8tt), u
2
= bcos(8tt + t). Bit tc truyn
sng 4 cm/s. Gi C v D l hai im trn mt cht lng m ABCD l hnh ch nht
c cnh BC = 6 cm. Tnh s im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on CD.
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
Gii:
Bc sng
4
1( )
4
v
cm
f
= = = .
Dng cng thc (2) ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A
M
k t A =
=> (d
1
-d
2
) =
1
(2 ) 0, 5
2
k k t t
t
= m 4s d
1
-d
2
s

4 nn ta c -3,5sks 4,5 c 8 im cc tiu =>
10cm
A B
C D
8cm
6cm
10cm
A B
C
D
8cm
6cm
chn A
Cu 10: Hai ngun S
1
v S
2
dao ng theo cc phng trnh u
1
= a
1
cos(90tt)cm,
u
2
=a
2
cos(90tt + t/4)cm trn mt nc. Xt v mt pha ng trung trc ca S
1
S
2

ta thy vn bc n i qua im M c hiu s MS
1
-MS
2
= 13,5 cm v vn bc n + 2
(cng loi vi vn n) i qua im M' c MS
1
-MS
2
= 21,5 cm. Tm tc truyn
sng trn mt nc, cc vn l cc i hay cc tiu?
A. 25cm/s, cc tiu B. 180 cm/s, cc tiu
C. 25cm/s, cc i D. 180cm/s, cc i
Gii:
Xt (d
1
-d
2
) = MS
1
-MS
2
= 13,5 = n v (d
1
- d
2
) = MS
1
-MS
2
= 21,5 = (n+2)
ta c: 2 =8 => = 4 (cm) vy v = 4 45 180( / ) f x cm s = =
Dng cng thc (1) ( )
2 1 1 2
2
M M M
d d
t

A = = + A
=>
2
.13, 5 6, 5 ( 0, 5)
4 4
M
k
t t
t t A = = = + vy cc vn l cc tiu => chn B
a.Vn lin quan:
Mt trong nhng cu hi v giao thoa rt thng gp trong cc thi vt l
l tm s cc i (gn sng) v cc im cc tiu (khng dao ng nu 2 ngun c
cng bin ). y l vn khng kh, nhng khi gii quyt ta thng nhm ln
ti v tr ca ngun l mt cc i (hay cc tiu) dn n s nghim thng d 2.
Rt nhiu sch bi tp ang bn th trng cng thng nhm ln nh
trn, gy khng t hoang mang cho ngi c, v mi tc gi li c cch gii quyt
khc nhau cng mt vn .
Chng ti ng vi quan im Ti v tr ca ngun trong hin tng
giao thoa (v sng dng) khng th l cc i hay cc tiu vi l do sau:
+ n gin ta xt 2 ngun A, B trn mt nc dao ng cng pha c phng
trnh sng u
A
= u
B
= acos2ft. Ngha l bin dao ng ti ngun l a.
+ Ti im M trn mt nc ni hai sng cng pha s xut hin cc i vi bin
2a, v nu hai sng ngc pha th bin bng 0 tc cc tiu hay ng yn.
+ Th v th khng gian u = f(x) tc hnh nh mi trng vo mt thi im nht
nh trn mt nc ta quan st c nh sau:

+ Gi A l ngun, M
1
l im cc tiu, M
2
l im cc i nu ta k mt ng
thng (
1
) // Ox qua M
2
th ng ny cch Ox mt khong 2a cn ng thng
(
2
)// Ox qua A s cch Ox mt khong 1a nh vy d thy ngun A ch c th
nm trn (
2
) ngha l ngun A khng th trng im cc i M
2
hay im cc tiu
M
1
.
+ Mt khc trong th khng gian (Oxu) th chu k chnh l bc sng = M
1
M
3
ta
cng d dng chng minh dc theo Ox ngun A c bin l a cch M
1
mt
khong d = /12 v nu n nm trong M
1
th s cch M
2
mt khong d= /6 (ging
nh thi gian i t x = A/2 n O hoc t x = A/2 n x = A trong dao ng iu
ha)
Th l r l ngun A khng th l cc i hay cc tiu nh vy tm s
cc i trn AB ta nn lm nh sau:
A

M
3

M
2

M
1
x
1
A

u
2
A
- AB <
( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A < AB => (khng th bng)
=> Tm c bao nhiu gi tri k tha mn khong h trn l c by nhiu cc i.
+ Thng thng n gin ha vn ngi ta thng dng cu xem nh
ngun rt gn cc tiu (tc l nt trong sng dng) v thc ra /12 l khng ng
k so vi AB khi tm s cc tiu ta c th cho:
- ABs ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A sAB =>Ngha l khong k tm c l khong kn!
+ i vi cc bi gii khi tm cc i li cho: -AB s ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A s AB
tc cng nhn ngun trng cc i th kt qu s d 2 gi tr khi gp trng hp
AB chia c mt s nguyn. Rt may mn l dng y thng rt t gp c l
ngi ra s phi bn ci nhiu chng?
b.Phn dnh cho hc sinh vn dng, tnh ton, tr li :
Cu 01: Trn mt cht lng, ti A v B cch nhau 6 cm c hai ngun dao ng kt
hp u
A
= u
B
= 0,5 sin100tt (cm). Tc truyn sng v = 60 cm/s. Ti im M trn
mt cht lng cch A, B nhng khong d
1
= 4,2 cm, d
2
=1,8 cm thuc vn cc i
bc
A. k = 0. B. k =1. C. k =3. D. k =2.
p n D
Cu 02: Hai ngun kt hp A,B cch nhau 16cm ang cng dao ng vung gc
vi mt nc theo phng trnh x = a sin50t t (cm). C l mt im trn mt nc
thuc ng cc tiu, gia C v trung trc ca AB c mt ng cc i. Bit
AC= 17,2cm. BC = 13,6cm. S ng cc i i qua cnh AC l
A. 16 ng B. 6 ng C. 7 ng D. 8 ng
p n D
Cu 03: Hai im M v N trn mt cht lng cch 2 ngun O
1
O
2
nhng on ln
lt l O
1
M =3,25cm, O
1
N =33cm , O
2
M = 9,25cm, O
2
N= 67cm, hai ngun dao
ng cng tn s 20Hz, tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l 80cm/s. Hai im
ny dao ng th no
A. M ng yn, N dao ng mnh nht. B. M dao ng mnh nht, N ng yn.
C. C M v N u dao ng mnh nht. D. C M v N u ng yn.
p n D
Cu 04: Ti hai im A n B trn mt nc dao ng cng tn s 16Hz, cng pha,
cng bin . im M trn mt nc dao ng vi bin cc i vi MA = 30cm,
MB = 25,5cm, gia M v trung trc ca AB c hai dy cc i khc th tc
truyn sng trn mt nc l
A. v = 36cm/s. B. v =24cm/s. C. v = 20,6cm/s. D. v = 28,8cm/s.
p n B
Cu 05: Cho 2 ngun pht sng m cng bin , cng pha v cng tn s f =
440Hz, t cch nhau 1m. Hi mt ngi phi ng u khng nghe thy m
. Cho tc ca m trong khng kh bng 352m/s.
A. 0,3m k t ngun bn tri. B. 0,3m k t ngun bn phi.
C. 0,3m k t 1 trong hai ngun D. Ngay chnh gia, cch mi ngun 0,5m
p n C
Cu 06: Ti hai im S
1
, S
2
cch nhau 10cm trn mt nc dao ng cng tn s
50Hz, cng pha cng bin , tc truyn sng trn mt nc 1m/s. Trn S
1
S
2

c bao nhiu im dao ng vi bin cc i v khng dao ng tr S
1
, S
2
: C
.. im dao ng vi bin cc i v .. im khng dao ng.
A. 9 - 9 . B. 11 - 10 . C. 10 - 11 . D. 9 - 10 .
p n D
Cu 07: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 8m c hai ngun m kt hp c tn s m
440Hz, tc truyn m trong khng kh l 352m/s. Trn AB c bao nhiu im
nghe to v bao nhiu im nghe nh: C .. im m nghe tr A, B v
. im nghe ...
A. 21 - nh - 18 - to. B. 19 - to - 20 - nh. C. 19 - nh - 20 - to. D. 21 - to - 20 -
nh.
p n C
Cu 08: Hai im A, B trn mt nc dao ng cng tn s 15Hz, cng bin v
cng pha, tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 22,5cm/s, AB = 9cm. Trn mt nc
quan st c bao nhiu gn li tr A, B ?
A. c 13 gn li. B. c 11 gn li. C. c 10 gn li. D. c 12 gn li.
p n B
Cu 09: Ti hai im A v B (AB = 16cm) trn mt nc dao ng cng tn s
50Hz, cng pha, tc truyn sng trn mt nc 100cm/s . Trn AB s im dao
ng vi bin cc i l
A. 13 im B.15 im . C. 16 im . D. 14 im .
p n B
Cu 10: Hai im M v N (MN = 20cm) trn mt cht lng dao ng cng tn s
50Hz, cng pha, tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l 1m/s . Trn MN s im
khng dao ng l
A. 18 im. B. 19 im. C. 21 im. D. 20 im.
p n D
5. u im:
Th nht: Nh vy vi 2 cng thc cn nh (1) l ( )
1 2
2
M
d d
t

A = + A v
cng thc (2) l ( )
1 2
( )
2
M
d d

t
= A A ta c th vn dng gii tt cc bi ton tm
s cc i, cc tiu, lch pha ra sao ca nhiu dng bi ton m dao ng ca
hai ngun khng nht thit phi cng pha, ngc pha nh sch gio khoa.
Th hai: Gii quyt hu nh trn vn tt c dng bi tp ca chng trnh
giao thoa sng c nu bit kt hp cng thc (1), (2) vi phng php tm bin
v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp bng my tnh CASIO fx 570ES th
khng cn phi nh nhiu cc cng thc c th.
Th ba: Rn luyn c kh nng t duy t hc cho hc sinh thng qua
bn cht qu trnh truyn sng ta c th gii cc bi ton giao thoa nh sng nu
coi khong vn (i): 2i=
-Vic hc sinh nh c cng thc (1), (2) lc u l kh khn v vy cn thc
hnh vn dng cng nhiu cng tt.
S GIAO THOA SNG

PHN M T TH HIN MC TRIN KHAI
CA TI

+ Trong nm hc 2008 2009:
ti c chng ti vn dng trong vic ging dy lp 12L, 12T, 12Si vi kt
qu im thi tnh trung bnh nh sau:

BNG TNH IM BNH QUN MN L
(Theo s liu thng k ca nh trng lu vn phng)

Lp Thi tt nghip nm 2008-2009 Thi i hc nm 2008-2009
12L 9,55 8,90
12T 9,61 8,83
12Si 9,30 x

+ Trong nm hc 2009 2010:
ti c chng ti vn dng trong vic ging dy lp 12L, 12T, 12Si, 12A1.
Bi kim tra gm 20 cu hi phn mt vng trn lng gic trong thi gian 30
pht kt qu im c thng k phn loi nh sau:
BNG TNH IM CC BI KIM TRA
(Theo s liu kho st ca ti)
Lp
S lng
(%)
Km
(0 =>2.0)
Yu
(2.5=>5.0)
Trung bnh
(5.5=>6.0)
Kh
(6.6=>7.5)
Gii
(8.0=>10)
12L

23

0
0%
0
0%
3
13,04%
2
8,70%
18
78,26%
12T

25

0
0%
0
0%
5
20,00%
3
12,00%
17
68,00%
12Si

30

0
0%
1
3,33%
7
23,33%
6
20,00%
16
53,34%
12A1

40

1
2,50%
2
5,00%
10
25,00%
9
22,50%
18
45,00%
Bng tng hp:
i tng

S
lng
(%)
Km
(0
=>2.0)
Yu
(2.5=>5.0)
Tr. bnh
(5.5=>6.0)
Kh
(6.6=>7.5)
Gii
(8.0=>10)
Kho st
ban u
130

4
3,08%
10
7,69%
32
24,62%
21
16,15%
63
48,46%
Kt qu p
dng
118

1
0,85%
3
2,54%
25
21,19%
20
16,95%
69
58,47%
+ Nhn xt:
Qua theo di kt qu nhn thy s hc sinh c tip xc, bi dng thng
qua ti c cch gii thnh tho hn, m bo thi gian lm bi theo yu cu,
cu tr li chnh xc hn, t kt qu im kh cao.


C. KT LUN
1. Khi qut cc kt lun cc b:
Trong khun kh chuyn ny, chng ti mong mun gip cho hc sinh
nh ti thiu nhng kin thc c bn, c tnh tng qut ca chng trnh vt l 12
cc chng dao ng c, sng c, dao ng in t. ng thi cung cp cho
cc em mt s phng php v th thut nhm gii quyt nhanh, chnh xc cc
dng ton trong chng trnh theo yu cu ca cc thi TNPT v TSH.
Vi chuyn ny chng ti cn lu dnh phn cho hc sinh t rn luyn,
vn dng cc phng php v th thut hc sinh t chim lnh tri trc v pht
huy tnh c lp sng to, t c th suy ngh tm ti phng php ring ca bn
thn, y cng l mc tiu rn luyn gio dc hc sinh theo hng Thy thit k,
Tr thi cng.
2. Li ch v kh nng vn dng:
Bn thn ti p ng tt cho yu cu v lm bi trc nghim vi mc ch
tr li nhanh, chnh xc, loi b c yu t ton hc phc tp ca phn lng
gic, o hm, tch phn.... C th tng phn ta thy:
Phn mt v vng trn lng gic n th hin rt r tnh cht trc quan gia
cc mi quan h v li , vn tc, gia tc cng nh ng nng, th nng hoc
phn dao ng in t th in tch, in p hai u t in, hai u cun dy,
cng dng in cng nh nng lng in, nng lng t tng thi im,
v pha dao ng, v tn s dao ng, v s tng hoc gim ca cc i lng, v
gi tr ca cc i lng trong cng thi im ....
Phn hai tng hp dao ng cng phng cng tn s bng phng php
s dng my tnh casio fx - 570 ES rn luyn hc sinh thao tc nhanh, chnh
xc trong vic s dng my tnh cm tay, c th coi y l phng php duy nht
v mt nhanh, vi chnh xc cao.
Phn ba v giao thoa sng c vi hai cng thc va c bn nhng c tnh
tng qut m ti nu ra c th gii quyt hu ht cc dng ton v giao thoa
sng c hin ti va nhanh va chnh xc.
Chng ti mong mun chuyn ny c ng dng hiu qu vo thc tin
khng nhng trng chuyn L Qu n m cn p dng rng ri cho cc
trng khc vi i tng hc sinh i tr, nht l trong vic bi dng hc sinh
chun b tham gia cc k thi tt nghip v tuyn sinh i hc. Nhng c th do
kinh nghim cn thiu, khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng ti rt mong
nhn c kin ng gp t pha ng nghip v hc sinh chuyn ny
ngy cng hon hin hn. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n.
3. xut - kin ngh:
Kin ngh b mn vt l cn t chc cc cuc hi tho chuyn mn, tp trung
v phng php c kt nhng kinh nghim qu bu ca cc thy c gio
ging dy trong ton tnh Bnh nh, t ph bin rng ri cn b, gio vin,
v hc sinh hc tp, vn dng vo thc tin cho b mn vt l ngy cng
mnh hn.

Quy Nhn ngy 10 thng 5 nm 2010


PHN NHN XT NH GI CA HI NG KHOA HC
TRNG THPT CHUYN L QU N
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ti: Phng php, th thut gii nhanh cc dng trc nghim vt l 12

T L Cng ngh. Trng THPT chuyn L Qu n Trang 1

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