n k thut phn ng

MC LC

Li ni u........................................................................................................3
I TNG QUAN V THIT B PHN NG:.............................................4
1. Thit b phn ng:.................................................................................4
2. So snh v la chn thit b :.............................................................4
3. Thp phn ng c chia ngn on nhit:..............................................4
II METHANOL.............................................................................................6
PHN II: S DY CHUYN CNG NGH...........................................7
I. S CNG NGH:.............................................................................7
PHN III: TNH TON THIT B TNG HP METHANOL ...........8
I.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC I:..................................................8
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ha lp 1 bc 1 l: =0.002
(kmolCH3OH/kmol).................................................................................9
2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:........................................................9
3.Tnh nng mi tng ng: .............................................................10
4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1 :............10
5. Tnh li chuyn ho........................................................................12
6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp.........................................................................12
II.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC 2:..............................................20
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ho lp 1 bc 1 l Uch,1 = 0,00208
(kmolCHOH/kmol).................................................................................21
2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:......................................................21
3.Tnh nng mi tng ng:..............................................................21
4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1 .............22
5.Tnh li chuyn ho.........................................................................23
6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp:........................................................................24
7.Tnh lng kh lnh b sung:...............................................................29
III.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC 3..........................................31
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ho lp 1 bc 1 l Uch,1 = 0,0022
(kmolCHOH/kmol).................................................................................32
2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:......................................................32
3.Tnh nng mi tng ng:..............................................................32
4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1 .............33
5.Tnh li chuyn ho.........................................................................34
6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp:........................................................................35
PHN IV: TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT.................................40
1. Pha lu th lnh:.................................................................................40
2.Pha lu th nng :................................................................................40
PHN V: PH LC........................................................................42
PHN VI: KT LUN...................................................................................45

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................46

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Li ni u
Cc qu trnh ho hc l mt b phn quan trng ca qu trnh thit b, c
ng dng nhiu trong cng ngh ho cht, thc phm v nhiu qu trnh sn xut lin
quan khc. Song n xy rt phc tp. Th hin vic hnh thnh phn ng ho hc
ph thuc vo yu t thc y hay kim ch, i hi phi c ngun nng lng hot
ho. Vn tc phn ng ph thuc vo nhit . Cn bng ho hc l gii hn ca qu
trnh chuyn ho. Hng ca phn ng ho hc c quyt nh do iu kin nhit
, p sut, thi gian lu, V trong qu trnh c mt lng nhit ln c pht
sinh hay tiu th.
Vic tnh ton c tin hnh khi xc nh c cc yu t ch yu nh
hng n qu trnh chuyn ho nh: quan h cn bng ho hc, ng ho hc phn
ng, s vn chuyn nhit, vn chuyn cht, cc dng ng lng, kh nng hp ph,

Mc ch ca n mn hc tnh ton thit b phn ng: gip sinh vin

c ci nhn ton vn v su sc hn v cc qu trnh ho hc, bc u lm quen vi

vic tnh ton, thit k thit b phn ng, v dy chuyn sn xut km theo.

i tng tnh ton: Thp tng hp MeOH 3 bc, lm vic theo

nguyn tc ng nhit, trong tng bc lm vic on nhit, vi nhit , chiu cao

trong khong gii hn cho php.

Ni dung: tnh chiu cao mi bc thp, bng vic tnh chiu cao ca

tng lp xc tc trong tng bc theo chuyn ho chn ph hp.

Trong khong thi gian 3 tun em hon thnh bn n ny, tnh c
chiu cao ca tng bc ph hp vi iu kin cho.
Vi lng bit n su sc em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Bin tn
tnh hng dn em trong qu trnh lm n ny.
H Ni ngy 7 thng 1/2010
Sinh vin
H Vn Ho

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
PHN I: TNG QUAN
I TNG QUAN V THIT B PHN NG:
1. Thit b phn ng:
Trong tnh ton thit b phn ng, n gin ngi ta chia ra thnh 3 loi
chnh sau:
- Thit b khuy gin on,
- Thit b khuy lin tc,
- Thit b y l tng,
Mc tiu ca vic tnh ton thit b l tm nhng iu kin lm vic thch
hp nht, kiu , loi thit b mi c nng sut cao hoc a ra hng ci tin i
vi loi thit b ang dng.
Khi tnh ton, thit b phn ng cn c phn theo hn hp phn ng ,
nh dng cho h ng th ( gm kh, lng) hoc h d th (gm kh lng, lng
lng v kh lng rn). i vi loi thit b dng cho h ng th ch cn
nghin cu ch thy ng v ng ha hc ca qu trnh. Cn i vi thit b
dng cho h d th, ngoi vic nghin cu ch th ng, ng ha hc, cn
phi nghin cu thm nh hng ca qu trnh truyn cht v truyn nhit.
2. So snh v la chn thit b :
Thit b dng thp lun lm vic n nh v s thay i ca hn hp phn
ng trong khng gian thit b khng ph thuc vo thi gian m ch ph thuc
vo ta khng gian. i vi nhng phn ng phc tp, nh phn ng ni tip
hoc song song, bn cnh c huyn ha cn phi ch ti chn lc v hiu
sut. khc phc sn phm khng mong mun, v chuyn ha cao th dng
thit b loi thp. Do , thit b loi thp tng c dng trong sn xut.
3. Thp phn ng c chia ngn on nhit:
Thp phn ng nhiu bc, lm vic theo nguyn tc ng nhit, trong
tng bc on nhit lm vic theo nguyn tc y l tng. m bo iu kin
lm vic on nhit tng on, thn thp c bo n lp cch nhit.

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Trong thc t, phn ln nhng phn ng l ta nhit hoc thu nhit, nn
khng c kh nng m bo iu kin ng nhit trong ton thp. Qu trnh thu
hoc ta nhit ko di trong sut qu trnh phn ng dn n s thay i nhit ,
lm nhit trong ton thp tng ln hoc gim i so vi nhit phn ng, nn
gim hiu sut chuyn ha. m bo s thay i nhit trong ton thp
khng qu ln (khng qu xa so vi nhit phn ng ), thp c chia thnh
nhiu bc v gia cc bc c s trao i nhit. iu ny m bo cho thp lm
vic cn vi iu kin ng nhit, m bo chuyn ha cao nht. Nh vy,
mi bc ca thp lm vic on nhit, nhng trong ton thp m bo iu kin
gn nh ng nhit.
Phn ng tng hp methanol t cacbonoxit v kh hidro l phn ng ta
nhit. Nh vy, nu hn hp vo thp c nhit trong khong 345 360oC th
khi ra khi bc 1 hn hp s c nhit gn 390oC theo iu kin on nhit.
m bo iu kin ng nhit ca thp phi thc hin qu rnh trao i nhit gia
cc ngn( y l qu trnh lm lnh) a hn hp phn ng ti nhit phn
ng ban u trc khi i vo bc tip theo.
Qu trnh lm lnh c th c tin hnh theo 2 cch:
- Lm lnh trc tip bng cch trn vi kh lnh,
- Hoc lm lnh gin tip qua thit b trao i nhit trung gian.
Tuy nhin, dng thit b lm lnh trung gian c nhc im: Tn km thit
b, thit b hay b bn phi dng hot ng lm sch theo nh k thay xc tc.
Mt khc, thit b gia nhit trung gian cn phi c kt cu hp l, gn nh, d
dng vn hnh, trang b t ng. do c nhiu nhc im nh vy nn trong thc
t, ngi ta dng phng php trn hn hp kh lnh trc tip iu chnh nhit
gia cc ngn, s tit kim c tb, nhng s lm thay i thnh phn ca hn
hp phn ng, nn vic tnh ton phc tp hn. Tc l phi tnh li thnh phn
ca hn hp phn ng sau khi trn kh lnh, tnh nhit v lng kh lnh cn
thit.
Thng thng, ngi ta dng hn hp phn ng lc u lm kh lnh.
Khc vi phng php lm lnh trung gian bng thit b trao i nhit c
h s truyn nhit khng i, th phng php ha kh lnh c h s truyn nhit

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
thay i, thng s ny l hng s khi nng cc cht trong hn hp khng i,
thnh phn ca kh lnh v hn hp phn ng l nh nhau v sau khi ha vo
nhau c nng khng i so vi lc ban u, tc l nng ca cc cu t tham
gia phn ng vo cc bc phn ng l nh nhau.
II METHANOL
Methanol l mt hp cht ha hc c cng thc l CH3OH (thng c
vit tt l MeOH). N l ru n gin nht, l mt cht lng nh, d bay hi, d
chy v rt c vi mt mi thm c bit d phn bit , nh hn, ngt hn so vi
ethanol (ru etylic). nhit phng, n l mt cht lng phn cc, v c s
dng nh mt cht chng ng, dung mi, nhin liu, c tnh cht ha hc mnh
hn ru etylic.
MeOH c sn xut mt cch t nhin trong qu trnh trao i cht ca
cc vi sinh vt ym kh. Mt lng MeOH s bay hi p sut kh quyn, trong
thi gian khong vi trm ngy trong kh quyn MeOH b oxy ha bi oxy, vi s
c mt ca nh sng mt tri to ra CO2 v H2O.
MeOH chy cho ngn la khng mu, v vy rt nguy him khi MeOh
chy.
MeOH c sn xut t than hoc t kh thin nhin ( trong iu kin
p sut cao v c cht xc tc), hoc chng ct thy phn g.
MeOH c s dng iu ch formaldehyde sn xut cht do,
nha, g, sn, thuc n, thuc nhum n c s dng thm vo nhin liu
c s dng cho xe c. MeOH to ra cht metyl tert - butyl ete(MTBE), lm
tng ch s octan trong xng du, vinyl acetate dng trong ngnh sn v xng du.
Ngoi ra, MeOH cn c s dng lm dung mi cho cht bo, du, cht do
tng hp, l nguyn liu sn xut thuc nhum, cht chng ng cho dung
dch c bit l nguyn liu v cht do.

H Vn Ho

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 n k thut phn ng
PHN II: S DY CHUYN CNG NGH
I. S CNG NGH:

1
2
4

Nc

Thng p
Nc
7
Nguyn liu MeOH

Kh b xung
1. Thp tng hp
2. Thit b gia nhit
3,4. Thit b gia nhit

5. Thit b lm lnh
6. Phn ly CH3OH
7. Bm tun hon

II.THUYT MINH S

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Nguyn liu kh( H2, CO, N2, CH4) sau khi qua thit b trao i nhit (3),
(4), tn dng ngun nhit ca hn hp kha ra khi thp tng hp (1). Hn hp
kh sau kh trao i nhit xong c a vo thit b gia nhit (2) nng nhit
hn hp kh ln khong 345oC. ta c th iu chnh nhit ca hn hp kh
vo thp bi lng kh lnh b sung trc khi vo thp tng hp (1). Trong thp
phn ng chia thnh 3 bc, mi bc c nhiu ngn m bo chuyn ha ti
u, mi ngn c mt lp xc tc. Phn ng xy ra:
CO + 2H2

CH3OH + Q

(1)

Do phn ng trn l phn ng ta nhit nn hn hp kh sau khi ra khi bc

1 c nhit trong khong (380 390oC). m bo chuyn ha ti u bc
2 cn gim nhit hn hp kh bng cch trn vi lng kh lnh h nhit
xung khong 350oC, sau i vo bc 2. Tng t, hn hp kh sau khi ra khi
bc 2 c nhit cao c trao i nhit vi kh lnh gim nhit xung cn
khong 355oC, sau i vo bc 3. Hn hp kh sau khi ra khi bc 3c dn ra
ngoi thp v a vo thit b trao i nhit (3), (4) pha trong ng h nhit
xung, sau i vo thit b lm lnh (5) c lm lnh bng nc, MeOH
ngng t thnh cht lng. Hn hp kh lng c chuyn vo thng phn ly(6).
Ti y, MeOH lng c tch ra dn ti cc cng on tip theo. Kh ra khi
thit b phn ly l hn hp (H2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4 v mt phn hi methanol cha
ngng t dng hi) c trn vi kh nguyn liu b sung qua my nn tun
hon (7). Hn hp kh ra khi my nn tun hon chia thnh 2 phn a ti thit
b trao i nhit (3), (4), qua thit b gia nhit vo thp phn ng , mt phn
khng qua thit b gia nhit c nhit thp, trn ln vi hn hp kh c nhit
cao sau khi ra khi bc 1 v bc 2, khng ch nhit hn hp kh vo bc 2 v
bc 3.

PHN III: TNH TON THIT B TNG HP METHANOL

I.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC I:
Cc s liu ban u:

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Nng sut tnh theo hn hp phn ng vo thp: nh,0 =3000 (kmol/h)
Thnh phn % cc cu t trong hn hp :
CH 2 ,0 = 72% ,

CCO ,0 = 13.8% ,

CCH 4 ,0 = 4.8% ,

C N2 ,0 =8.8%

CCO2 ,0 = 0.6% ,

CCH3OH ,0 = 0%

S mol cc cu t khi cha tham gia phn ng:

nCH3OH ,0 = 0 % 3000 = 0
nCO ,0 = 13.8% 3000 = 414

(kmol/h)
(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,0 = 72% 3000 =2160 (kmol/h)

nN2 ,0 =8.8% 3000 = 264 (kmol/h)
nCH 4 ,0 = 4.8% 3000 = 144 (kmol/h)
nCO2 ,0 = 0.6% 3000 = 18 (kmol/h)

Gi thit:
Nhit u ca hn hp phn ng l t = 345 oC
Mi lp c nhit tng V T = 5oC
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ha lp 1 bc 1 l:
(kmolCH3OH/kmol)

VU ch ,1

=0.002

2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:

VU ch ,1 =

VnCH3OH ,1
nh ,0

VnCH3OH ,1 =VU ch ,1.nh ,0

Vnch ,1 = 0.002 3000 = 6 (kmol/h)

Theo phng trnh phn ng:

CO + 2H2 = CH3OH
Ta c: V nCO,1 =

VnCH3OH ,1 = 6 (kmol/h)

VnH 2 ,1 = 2 VnCH3OH ,1 = 2 6 =12 (kmol/h)

Tnh s mol ra khi lp 1:

nCH 3OH ,1 = nCH 3OH ,0 + nCH 3OH ,1 = 0 +6 = 6 (kmol/h

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
nCO ,1 = nCO ,0 + nCO ,1 = 414-6 = 408 (kmol/h)
nH 2 ,1 = nH 2 ,0 + nH 2 ,1 =2160-12 = 2148 (kmol/h)

Cc cu t khc khng tham gia vo phn ng nn s mol khng thay i:

nN2 ,1 = nN2 ,0 =264 (kmol/h)
nN2 ,1 = nCH 4 ,0 = 144 (kmol/h)
nCO2 ,1 = nCO2 ,0 = 18 (kmol/h)

Tng s mol ra khi lp 1:

nh,1 = nCH OH ,1 + nCO ,1 + nH
3

2 ,1

+ nN ,1 + nN ,1 + nCO ,1
2

2988 = (kmol/h)
3.Tnh nng mi tng ng:
C CH OOH ,1 =

nCH 3OH ,1
n h,1

CH

2 ,1

C CO ,1 =
CN

2 ,1

C CH

4 ,1

n h,1
nCO ,1

C CO ,1 =
2

x 100%=

408
x 100% = 13,6546
2988

x 100%=

264
x 100% = 8,88353
2988

n h,1
nh ,1

2148
x 100%= 2988 x 100% = 718875%

nH 2 ,1

nN 2 ,1

6
x 100%= 2988 x 100% = 0,2008

nCH 4 ,1
nh,1
nCO2 ,1
nh ,1

x 100%=

144
x 100% = 4,812977 %
2988

x 100%=

18
x 100% = 0,602409 %
2988

4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1 :

Da vo hm nhit ca hn hp kh khi vo v ra khi thp. Cng thc tnh
hm nhit hn hp kh theo hm nhit ca tng cu t:
h ch = C CH OH h CH OH + C CO h CO + C H h H + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO h CO
3

(kcal/kmol)

H Vn Ho

10

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Trong hm nhit ca tng cu t trong hn hp kh theo nhit v p sut
da vo cc phng trnh gn ng, trong khong nhit 300 400 c cng thc
tnh sau:
h H = 7,1.(T 273)

(kcal/kmol)

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

(kcal/kmol)

h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700

(kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050 (kcal/kmol)

2

Hm nhit ca metan v metanol c tnh da vo th trong phn ph lc.

* Hm nhit ca cc cu t trc khi vo lp th nht:
h H = 7,1.(T 273) = 7,1.( 345 + 273 -273) = 2449.5 (kcal/kmol)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

= 7,25.(345+ 273 473) + 1700 = 2751.25 (kcal/kmol)
h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

= 7,25.( 345 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2751.25 (kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050
2

= 13,4.( 345 + 273 473) + 4050 = 5993 (kcal/kmol)

h CH = 4321.5 (kcal/mol)
4

h CH OH = 10450 ( kcal/mol)
3

Hm nhit ca hn hp:
h ch ,0 = 0,72 x 2449.5+ 0,138 x 2751.25 + 0,048 x 43215 + 0,088 x 2751.25
+ 0,006 x 5993 + 0 x 10450 = 2628.38 (kcal/kmol)
* Hm nhit ca cc cu t khi ra khi lp 1:
h H = 7,1.(T 273) = 7,1.( 350 + 273 -273) = 2485 (kcal/kmol)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

= 7,25.(350+ 273 473) + 1700 = 2787.5 (kcal/kmol)
h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

H Vn Ho

11

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
= 7,25.( 350 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2787.5 (kcal/kmol)
h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050
2

= 13,4.( 350 + 273 473 ) + 4050 = 6060 (kcal/kmol)

h CH = 4375 (kcal/mol)
4

h CH OH = 10593 ( kcal/mol)
3

Hm nhit ca hn hp l:
h ch ,1 = 0,002 x 10593+ 0.718875x 2485 + 0,1364 x 2787.5 + 4,812977x
4375 + 0,0884 x 2787.5 + 0,006 x 6060 = 2681.935 (kcall/kmol)

5. Tnh li chuyn ho
Tnh lng nhit sn sinh trong mt lp: coi qu trnh xy ra trong lp l qu
trnh on nhit. Lng nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
Q k = n k 1 .(h k - h k 1 )

C th lng nhit to ra trong lp 1 l:

Q 1 = 3000 . (2681.935 2628.38) = 160665(kcal/kmol)

Tnh chuyn ho trong lp 1 da vo lng nhit Q 1

U* ch ,1 =

n h,0 (h ch,1 - h ch,0 )

h ch,1 - h ch,0
Q1
=
=
nh ,0 (H R )
nh ,0 (H R )
(H R )

Coi nhit phn ng H R = 26300 kcal/kmol khng i trong ton b lp.

U* ch ,1 =

So snh sai s:

2681.935 2628.38
= 0,002036(kmolCH 3 OH/kmol)
26300
U*ch,1 - U ch,1
U ch,1

0, 002 0, 002036
x 100% = 1.8%
0, 002

*
Gi tr U ch ,1 tnh c gn bng gi tr U ch,1 gi thit nn c th chp nhn

gi thit ban u.
Tng chuyn ho sau lp ny l: U= 0,0020363 (kmolCH 3 OH/kmol)
6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp
Trc ht phi tnh ti ca lp xc tc. k =

H Vn Ho

12

U ch, k
rm.k

(kg xc tc.h/ kmol)

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
vi rm l tc phn ng trung bnh trong lp.
Da vo phng trnh vn tc phn ng v thc t sn xut ngi ta xy
dng th rm ,k = f(T m ,k ,U ch ,k ) vi p sut p = 240 at. Nhit trung bnh oc tnh
theo cng thc:

T m ,k =

Tk +Tk 1
2

T m,1 =

345 + 350
= 347.5oC
2

Theo th s ph thuc vn tc phn ng vo nhit v chuyn ho ta

thu c vn tc trung bnh trong lp th nht l
r m ,1 = 0,05900 (kmol CH 3 OH/kg xc tc)
Ti ca lng xc tc:
1 =

0, 002036
= 0,034510 (kg xc tc.h/ kmol)
0, 05900

Lng hn hp kh trung bnh trong lp:

n m ,k =

nk + nk 1
(kmol/h)
2

n m ,1 =

3000 + 2988
= 2994 (kmol/h)
2

V lng xc tc trong lp:

mxt , k = k .n m ,k
mxt ,1 = 0,03451 x 2994 = 103.323 (kg)

Tnh chiu cao thp da vo ng knh v khi lng ring.

Khi lng ring ca xc tc nm trong khong 1600 1700 kg/m3.
Ly xt =1650 kg/m3
H k =

mxt , k
F . xt

(m)

Din tch tit din ngang ca thp:

F=

H Vn Ho

d 2
.0, 62
=
= 0,282743 (m2)
4
4

13

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Chiu cao lp xc tc th nht ca bc 1 l:
H1 =

103.323
= 0,221586
0, 282743x1650

(m)

Qa trnh tnh ton vi cc lp tip theo ca bc th nht tng t nh trn, v

c tng hp trong bng s liu 1 trang bn:

H Vn Ho

14

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

T
nCHOH3
nH 2
nCO
nCH 4
nN 2
nCO2

n
CCH3OH
CH 2
CCO
CCH 4
CN2
CCO2
VU
hch

C
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h

345
0
2160
414.00
144.00
264.00
18.000
3000

350
6
2148
408
144
264
18
2988

355
11.976
2316
402.024
144
264
18
2976.048

360
18.0768
2123.846
395.923
144
264
18
2963.846

365
24.152
2111.694
389.847
144
264
18
2951.694

370
30.3513
2099.279
383.648
144
264
18
2939.2973

375
36.523
2086.952
377.476
144
264
18
2926.952

380
42.816
2074.366
371.183
144
264
18
2914.366

385
49.228
2061.54
364.771
144
264
18
2901.543

390
55.756
2048.468
358.243
144
264
18
2888.486

%
%

0
72

0.2008
71.88875

0.40241
71.77464

0.60991
71.6584

0.81000
71.54176

1.0326
71.42117

1.2478
71.3012

1.469
71.13768

1.6966
71.0498

1.9303
70.919

13.6546
4.81927
8.83534
0.60240

8
13.50865
4.83863
8.87082
0.60482

13.33584
4.85855
8.91309
0.6073

13.2075
4.8785
8.94401
0.609819

13.052
4.899
8.9817
0.61239

12.896
4.91979
9.01962
0.61495

12.736
4.94103
9.0585
0.61762

12.5716
4.9628
9.0986
0.62035

12.402465
4.9853
9.1397
0.62316

0.002085

2
0.002102

0.00203

0.00213

0.00215

0.00224

0.002244

98
2846.088

2902.29

2926.952

3016.935

3075.96

313690

%
%
%
%

13.8
4.8
8.8
0.6

kmolCH 3OH
kmol
kcal
kmol

H Vn Ho

2628.308

0.00203

0.002052

2681.935

8
7
2735.926 2790.78

15

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

Vhch
VU *

U
rm

nm
Vmxt
VH
H

kcal
kmol
kmolCH 3OH
kmol

53.55

53.9910

54.8542

55.3084

56.2026

56.675

57.9687

59.031

60.122

0.00203

0.00205

0.002085

0.002032

0.00213

0.002154

0.00224

0.0022445

0.002286

kmolCH 3OH
kmol

0.002036

0.0123

9
0.01347

0.01665

5
0.0188945

0.021176

kmolCH 3OH
kmol xuctac
kmolxuctac .h
kmol

0.05900

0.06496

0.07013

0.07466

0.07927

0.08358

0.08697

5
0.0901

0.0929

0.03451

0.03160

0.02973

0.02816

0.02695

0.02578

0.025341

0.02488

0.0242

Kmol/h

2994.00

2982.022

2969.947

2957.777

2945.495

2933.12

2920.65

2907.954

2895.014

103.323
0.22158
0.22158

4
94.2320
0.20208
0.42366

88.318
0.18940
0.61306

83.3118
0.17866
0.79175

79.395
0.17027
0.962

75.617
0.1621
1.1241

74.01
0.15872
1.28293

72.3725
0.15509
1.43812

71.222
0.1579

kg
m
m

0.00408

0.00688

0.008100

KT QU CA BC 1
Nng sut ra khi bc l= 2888.486217
Nhit hn hp ra khi bc = 390.
Nng %hidro chidro = 70.919
Nng %CO cco

= 12.4024

Nng %N2 cnito

= 9.13973

H Vn Ho

16

QTTB-K50

1.590872

 n k thut phn ng

Nng %metan cch4 = 4.9853

Nng %CO2 cco2 = 0.62316
Nng %metanol cmetanol = 1.93031

H Vn Ho

17

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
7.Tnh lng kh lnh cn trn:

Trc khi tnh sang bc th 2 cn trn kh lnh gim nhit xung

tng ng nhit ban u. Lng kh lnh c trn l hn hp u ca phn
ng nn c chung thnh phn vi hn hp phn ng .
Hn hp kh ra khi bc th nht:

Nng sut ra khi bc th nht: n h = 2888.4862 (kmol/h)

Nhit hn hp kh i ra: t = 390oC

Thnh phn hn hp kh:

C CH OH = 1.93031
3

CH

Bc 1

= 70.919%

C CO

= 12.4024%

CN

= 9.13973%

C CH

n,hch
Kh lnh

= 4.9853%

Bc 2

ntr,htr

C CO =0.62316%
2

Nhit hm hn hp kh ra khi bc 1: h ch

= 313690 (kcal/kmol)

Chiu cao bc th nht: H = 1,6975 m

Tnh lng kh lnh b sung:

Chn nhit hn hp kh lnh ban u l

20oC, sau khi trn l: 348.50C

Tnh hm nhit hn hp kh i ra khi bc 1 348.5oC:

Cu t
CH3OH
Nng 0.0193031

H2
0.708703

CO
0.12402

N2
0.091397

CH4
0.049853

Ci

H Vn Ho

18

QTTB-K50

CO2
0.00623

 n k thut phn ng
Hm

11668.756

nhit

2485

2787.5

2787.5

4875.000

6060

1761.127

344.034

255.183

220.542

37.825

hi

(kcal/km
ol)
Ci x hi

Nh vy hm nhit ca hn hp kh i ra khi bc 1 nhit 348.5oC l:

h e = 2867.59 (kcal/kmol)

Hm nhit ca hn hp kh lnh b sung 20oC l:

h

200 C
kl

=C CH OH h CH OH + C H h H + C CO h CO + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO
3

h CO = 159,4162 (kcal/kmol)
2

Hm nhit ca kh lnh b xung 348.5oC l:

Cu t
CH3OH
Nng Ci
0
Hm nhit hi 10638.889
(kcal/kmol
Ci x hi

H2
0.72
2485
1789.2

CO
0.138
2787.5
384.675

N2
0.088
2787.5

CH4
0.048
4416.66

CO2
0.006
6060

Tng

245.3

7
212.0

36.36

2667.535

Vy hm nhit ca kh lnh b sung 348.5oC l :

0

C
h 350
= 2811.4019 (kcal/kmol)
kl

Cn bng lng nhit ta c lng kh lnh b xung c tnh theo cng thc:
n kl =

n ( hch he )
2888.46.(3136.90 2811.40)
=
= 375.898 (kmol/h)
350
20
hkl hkl
2867.59 159, 4162

H Vn Ho

19

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
II.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC 2:
Cc s liu ban u:
Lng hn hp kh i vo bc 2 s bng tng ca lng hn hp kh ra khi
bc 1, cng vi lng kh lnh b sung.
nh ,0 = 2888.487 + 375.898 = 3264.385

(kmol/h)

T ta tnh dc
nCH 3OH ,0 = 55.75689
nCO ,0 = 410.11714

(kmol/h)
(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,0 =2319.133358 (kmol/h)
nN2 ,0 = 297.079095 (kmol/h)
nCH 4 ,0 = 162.04314

(kmol/h)

nCO2 ,0 = 20.2553928

(kmol/h)

Thnh phn tng cu t i vo bc th 2:

CH 2 ,0 =
CCO ,0 =
C N2 ,0 =
CCH 4 ,0 =
CCO2 ,0 =

nH 2 ,0
nh ,0

x 100%=

nCO ,0

x 100%=

410.117
x 100% = 12.563% ,
3264.385

x 100% =

297.079
x 100% = 9.10 %
3264.385

nh ,0
nN2 ,0
nh ,0
nCH 4 ,0
nh ,0
nCO2 ,0
nh ,0

CCH3OH ,0 =

2319.133
x 100% = 71.043 % ,
3264.385

x 100% =

162.043
x 100% =4.963 % ,
3264.385

x100% =

20.255
x 100% =0.619 % ,
3264.385

nCH3OH ,0
nh ,0

x100% =

55.756
x 100% =1.70%
3264.385

Gi thit:
Nhit u ca hn hp phn ng t = 348.5 0 C
Mi lp c nhit tng T = 5oC

H Vn Ho

20

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ho lp 1 bc 1 l Uch,1 = 0,00208
(kmolCH 3 OH/kmol).
2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:
Uch,1 =

nCH 3OH ,1
nh ,0

nCH 3OH ,1 = U ch ,1 . nh ,0
nCH 3OH ,1 = 0.00208 x 3264.385= 6.7899

(kmol/h)

Theo phng trnh phn ng:

CO + 2H2 = CH 3 OH
Ta c: nCO ,1 = nCH OH ,1 = 6.7899

(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,1 = 2 x nCH 3OH ,1 = 13.5798

(kmol/h)

Tnh s mol ra khi lp 1:

nCH 3OH ,1 = nCH 3OH ,0 + nCH 3OH ,1 = 62.546(kmol/h
nCO ,1 = nCO ,0 + nCO ,1 = 403.327

(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,1 = nH 2 ,0 + nH 2 ,1 = 2305.553

(kmol/h)

Cc cu t khc khng tham gia vo phn ng nn s mol khng thay i

nN2 ,1 = nN2 ,0

= 297.079

(kmol/h)

nCH 4 ,1 = nCH 4 ,0 = 162.043

(kmol/h)

nCO2 ,1 = nCO2 ,0 = 20.255

(kmol/h)

Tng s mol ra khi lp 1:

nh,1 = 3250.805 (kmol/h)
3.Tnh nng mi tng ng:
C CH OOH ,1 =

nCH 3OH ,1

CH

2 ,1

C CO ,1 =

H Vn Ho

nH 2 ,1
n h,1
nCO ,1
n h,1

n h,1

x 100%=

68.4357
x 100% = 2.054998
3330.2076

x 100%= 70.922%
x 100%= 12.406 %

21

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
CN

2 ,1

C CH

4 ,1

C CO ,1 =
2

nN 2 ,1
nh ,1

x 100%= 9.1386 %

nCH 4 ,1
nh,1
nCO2 ,1
nh ,1

x 100%= 4.9847

x 100%= 0.6230

4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1

Da vo hm nhit ca hn hp kh khi vo v ra khi thp. Cng thc tnh
hm nhit hn hp kh theo hm nhit ca tng cu t:
h ch = C CH OH h CH OH + C CO h CO + C H h H + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO h CO
3

Trong hm nhit ca tng cu t trong hn hp kh theo nhit v p sut

da vo cc phng trnh gn ng, trong khong nhit 300 400 c cng thc
tnh sau:
h H = 7,1.(T 273)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050

2

Hm nhit ca metan v metanol c tnh da vo th trong phn ph lc.

*

Hm nhit ca cc cu t trc khi vo lp th nht:

h H = 7,1.(T 273) = 7,1.( 348.5 + 273 -273) = 2485 (kcal/kmol)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

= 7,25.(348.5 + 273 473) + 1700 =2787.5 (kcal/kmol)
h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

= 7,25.( 348.5 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2787.5 (kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050
2

= 13,4.( 348.5+ 273 473) + 4050 = 6060 (kcal/kmol)

h CH = 4416.6667 (kcal/mol)
4

h CH OH = 11638.8889 ( kcal/mol)
3

H Vn Ho

22

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Hm nhit ca hn hp: h ch ,0 = 2793.321668
*

(kcal/kmol)

Hm nhit ca cc cu t khi ra khi lp 1:

h H = 7,1.(T 273) = 7,1.( 353.5 + 273 -273) = 2520.5

(kcal/kmol)

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

= 7,25.( 353.5 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2823.75

(kcal/kmol)

h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700

2

= 7,25.( 353.5 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2823.5

(kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050

2

= 13,4.( 353.5 + 273 473 ) + 4050 = 6127.0

h CH = 4472.2222

(kcal/kmol)

(kcal/mol)

h CH OH = 10777.7777

( kcal/mol)

Hm nhit ca hn hp l:
h ch ,1 = 2849.925581

(kcall/kmol)

5.Tnh li chuyn ho
Tnh lng nhit sn sinh trong mt lp: coi qu trnh xy ra trong lp l qu
trnh on nhit. Lng nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
Q k = n k 1 .(h k - h k 1 )

C th lng nhit to ra trong lp 1 l:

Q1 =

3250.805.(

2849.9255812793.321668)

184776.96559

(kcal/kmol)
Tnh chuyn ho trong lp 1 da vo lng nhit Q 1
U* ch ,1 =

n h,0 (h ch,1 - h ch,0 )

h ch,1 - h ch,0
Q1
=
=
nh ,0 (H R )
nh ,0 (H R )
(H R )

Coi nhit phn ng H R = 26300 kcal/kmol khng i trong ton b lp.

U* ch ,1 =

2849.925581-2793.321668
= 0,0021522 (kmolCH 3 OH/kmol)
26300

So snh sai s:

H Vn Ho

U*ch,1 - U ch,1
U ch,1

23

0, 00208 0,0021522
x 100% = 0.034%
0, 0022

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
*
Gi tr U ch ,1 tnh c gn bng gi tr U ch,1 gi thit nn c th chp nhn

gi thit ban u.
Tng chuyn ho sau lp ny l:
U = 0.021176 + 0,0021522 =0.233282

(kmolCH 3 OH/kmol)

6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp:

Trc ht phi tnh ti ca lp xc tc. k =

U ch, k
rm.k

(kg xc tc.h/ kmol)

vi rm l tc phn ng trung bnh trong lp.

Da vo phng trnh vn tc phn ng v thc t sn xut ngi ta xy
dng th rm ,k = f(T m ,k ,U ch ,k ) vi p sut p = 240 at. Nhit trung bnh oc tnh
theo cng thc:
T m ,k =

Tk +Tk 1
2

T m,1 =

348.5 + 353.5
= 351oC
2

Theo th s ph thuc vn tc phn ng vo nhit v chuyn ho th

vn tc trung bnh trong lp th nht tnh c l
r m ,1 = 0,06309 (kmol CH 3 OH/kg xc tc)
Ti ca lng xc tc:
1 =

0.0021522
= 0.03411 (kg xc tc.h/ kmol)
0,06309

Lng hn hp kh trung bnh trong lp:

n m ,k =

nk + nk 1
(kmol/h)
2

n m ,1 =

3250.805+3264.385
= 3257.5951 (kmol/h)
2

V lng xc tc trong lp:

mxt , k = k .n m ,k
mxt ,1 = 0.03411 x 3257.5951 = 111.118(kg)

Tnh chiu cao thp da vo ng knh v khi lng ring.

H Vn Ho

24

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
H k =

mxt ,k
F . xt

(m)

Din tch tit din ngang ca thp:

d 2
.0, 62
F=
=
= 0,282743 (m2)
4
4
H1 =

111.118
= 0.2383(m)
0, 282743x1650

Qa trnh tnh ton vi cc lp tip theo ca bc th hai tng t nh trn, v

c tng hp trong bng s liu sau:

H Vn Ho

25

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

T
nCHOH3
nH 2
nCO
nCH 4
nN 2
nCO2

n
CCH3OH
CH 2
CCO
CCH 4
CN2
CCO2
VU
hch
Vhch
VU *

C
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h

348.5
55.75
2319.133
410.117
162.043
297.079
20.255
3264.385

353.5
62.546
2305.553
403.327
162.0.043
297.079
20.255
3250.80

358.5
69.438
2291.77
396.435
162.043
297.079
20.255
3237.021

363.5
76.430
2277.778
389.443
162.043
297.079
20.255
3223.037

368.5
83.392
2263.862
382.481
162.043
297.079
20.255
3209.114

373.5
90.452
2249.742
375.421
162.043
297.079
20.255
3194.99

378.5
97.609
2235.42
368.264
116.043
297.079
20.255
3180.680

383.5
104.988
2220.670
360.885
162.043
297.079
20.255
3165.992

388.5
112.495
2205.727
353.414
162.043
297.079
20.255
3150.979

%
%
%
%
%
%

1.8240
70.977
12.470
4.975
9.121
0.622

1.9240
70.922
12.403
4.9847
9.1386
0.62308
0.00208

2.1451
70.798
12.246
5.005
9.177
0.257
0.00212

2.3713
70.672
12.083
5.027
9.217
0.6302
0.00216

2.598
70.4756
11.918
5.0494
9.257
0.6311
0.00216

2.831
70.414
11.750
5.071
9.298
0.6339
0.00220

3.068
70.281
11.575
5.0946
9.3401
0.6368
0.00224

3.316
70.142
11.399
5.1183
9.383
0.6397
0.00232

3.5690
70.0001
11.216
5.1628
9.428
0.6428
0.00236

2793.3

2849.925

2907.256

2965.424

3024.094

3083.632

3144.595

3207.178

3270.82

56.60

57.239

58.169

58.6698

59.538

60.96

62.582

63.6500

0.002152

0.00217

0.002211

0.002230

0.002638

0.002317

0.00239

0.00242

0.023328

0.025498

0.027709

0.029939

0.032577

0.034894

0.039674

0.0421

kmolCH 3OH
kmol
kcal
kmol
kcal
kmol
kmolCH 3OH
kmol
kmolCH 3OH
kmol

H Vn Ho

0.021176

26

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

rm

nm
Vmxt
VH
H

kmolCH 3OH
kmol xuctac
kmolxuctac .h
kmol

0.06309

0.06869

0.073

0.0777

0.0822

0.0859

0.0888

0.09202

0.03411

0.0317

0.03023

0.02869

0.02752

0.02682

0.02677

0.02629

Kmol/h
kg
m
m

3257.595
111.114
0.2383
0.2383

3243.613
102.932
0.2207
0.4590

3230.029
97.65
0.2094
0.6684

3216.076
92.282
0.1979
0.8663

3202.05
88.131
0.18900
1.0553

3187.837
86.021
0.1844
1.2397

3173.301
84.965
0.1823
1.4220

3158.450
83.063
0.1781
1.6001

H Vn Ho

27

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
KT QU CA BC 2
Nng sut ra khi bc l= 3150.979
Nhit hn hp ra khi bc = 385.5
Nng %hidro chidro = 70.0001
Nng %CO cco

= 11.216

Nng %N2 cnito

= 9.428

Nng %metan cch4 = 5.1268

Nng %CO2 cco2 = 0.6428
Nng %metanol cmetanol = 3.5690

H Vn Ho

28

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
7.Tnh lng kh lnh b sung:
Trc khi tnh sang bc th 3, cn trn thm kh lnh a nhit hn hp phn
ng xung tng xng vi nhit ban u. lng kh lnh c trn l hn hp
u ca phn ng, nn c chung thnh phn vi hn hp phn ng.
Chn nhit ca hn hp kh sau khi trn l 351.5oC,
Nhit kh lnh ban u trc khi trn l : 20oC,
Hn hp kh i ra khi bc th 2 c nhit l :388.5oC
* Hn hp kh ra khi bc th 2 ::

Nng sut ra khi bc th hai: n h = 3150.979 (kmol/h)

Nhit hn hp kh i ra: t = 388.5oC

Thnh phn hn hp kh:

C CH OH = 3.7747 %
3

C H = 70.0013%
2

C CO = 11.216%
C N = 94.281%
2

C CH = 5.14262%
4

C CO = 0.6428%
2

Nhit hm hn hp kh: h ch = 32708.285976(kcal/kmol)

Chiu cao bc th hai : H = 1.600m

* Tnh lng kh lnh b sung:

Chn nhit hn hp kh sau khi trn l: 351.5 0C

Hm nhit ca hn hp kh i ra khi bc 2 nhit 351.5 oC l:

h e = C CH OH h CH OH + C H h H + C CO h CO + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO h CO
3

Cu t
Nng Ci.102
Hm
nhit
(kcal/kmol)
Ci x hi

CH3OH
3.569044
hi 10777.777

H2
70.00133
2520.5

CO
11.2160
2823.75

N2
9.4281
2823.75

CH4
5.1426
4472.222

CO2
0.6453
6127

Tng

406.823

1759.876

312.29

267.274

230.892

39.538

3016.693

H Vn Ho

29

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Vy hm nhit ca hn hp kh ra khi bc 2 351.5oC l:
h e = 2968.353(kcal/kmol)

Hm nhit ca hn hp kh lnh b xung 20oC l:

h

200 C
kl

= C CH OH h CH OH + C H h H + C CO h CO + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO
3

h CO = 159.4162 (kcal/kmol)
2

Hm nhit ca kh lnh b xung 351.5oC l

0

C
h 355
= C CH OH h CH OH + C H h H + C CO h CO + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO h CO
kl
3

Cu t
CH3OH
H2
Nng Ci 0
0.72
Hm nhit 10777.777 2520.5

CO
N2
CH4
CO2
0.138
0.088
0.048
0.006
2823.75 2823.75 4472.222 6127

Tng

hi
(kcal/kmol)
Ci x hi
0

1814.76 389.678 248.49

214.667

36.762 2704.357

Vy hm nhit ca kh lnh b sung 351.5oC l:

0

C
h 355
= 2675.9382(kcal/kmol).
kl

Cn bng lng nhit ta c lng kh lnh b xung c tnh theo cng thc:
n kl =

n ( hch he )
3150.979 x(32708.285976-2968.353)
=
hkl355 hkl20
2675.9382 159.4162

n kl = 378.73409 (kmol/h).

H Vn Ho

30

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

III.TNH HN HP PHN NG BC 3
Cc s liu u:
Lng hn hp kh i vo bc 3 s bng tng ca lng hn hp kh ra khi
bc 2, cng vi lng kh lnh b sung.
nh ,0 = 3150.979 + 378.73409= 3529.71
nCH 3OH ,0 = 112.45
nCO ,0 = 405.67949

(kmol/h)
(kmol/h)

(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,0 =2478.4160(kmol/h)
nN2 ,0 = 330.40769

(kmol/h)

nCH 4 ,0 = 180.222 (kmol/h)

nCO2 ,0 = 22.527

(kmol/h)

Thnh phn tng cu t i vo bc th 3:

CH 2 ,0 =
CCO ,0 =
C N2 ,0 =
CCH 4 ,0 =
CCO2 ,0 =

nH 2 ,0
nh ,0

x 100%= = 70.108 % ,

nCO ,0

x 100%= = 11.368 % ,

nh ,0
nN2 ,0

x 100% = = 9.397 %

nh ,0
nCH 4 ,0
nh ,0

nCO2 ,0
nh ,0

CCH3OH ,0 =

x 100% = = 5.126 % ,
x100% == 0.641 % ,

nCH3OH ,0
nh ,0

x100% = = 3.388%

Gi thit:
Nhit u ca hn hp phn ng t = 351.5 0 C
Mi lp c nhit tng T = 5oC

H Vn Ho

31

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
1.Chn s thay i chuyn ho lp 1 bc 1 l Uch,1 = 0,0022
(kmolCH 3 OH/kmol).
2.Tnh s mol hn hp ra khi lp 1:
Uch,1 =

nCH 3OH ,1
nh ,0

nCH 3OH ,1 = U ch ,1 . nh ,0
nCH 3OH ,1 = 0.0022 x 3529.713= 7.7654

(kmol/h)

Theo phng trnh phn ng:

CO + 2H2 = CH 3 OH
Ta c: nCO ,1 = nCH OH ,1 = 7.7654
3

(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,1 = 2 x nCH 3OH ,1 = 15.53 (kmol/h)

Tnh s mol ra khi lp 1:

nCH 3OH ,1 = nCH 3OH ,0 + nCH 3OH ,1 =120.225(kmol/h
nCO ,1 = nCO ,0 + nCO ,1 = 397.914

(kmol/h)

nH 2 ,1 = nH 2 ,0 + nH 2 ,1 =2462.885

(kmol/h)

Cc cu t khc khng tham gia vo phn ng nn s mol khng thay i

nN2 ,1 = nN2 ,0

= 3.3040769(kmol/h)

nCH 4 ,1 = nCH 4 ,0 = 180.22237909E (kmol/h)

nCO2 ,1 = nCO2 ,0 = 22.52779738 (kmol/h)

Tng s mol ra khi lp 1:

nh,1 = 3514.18247

(kmol/h)

3.Tnh nng mi tng ng:

C CH OOH ,1 =

nCH 3OH ,1

CH

2 ,1

C CO ,1 =

H Vn Ho

nH 2 ,1
n h,1
nCO ,1
n h,1

n h,1

x 100%= 3.4211430952E %

x 100% = 70.084159867E
x 100% =

399.3199
x 100% = 11.32309
3574.6933

32

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
CN

2 ,1

C CH

4 ,1

C CO ,1 =
2

nN 2 ,1
nh ,1

x 100% =

nCH 4 ,1
nh,1
nCO2 ,1
nh ,1

337.509
x 100% = 9.402121
3574.6933

184.096
x 100% = 5.12842
3574.6933

x 100%=
x 100%=

23.012
x 100% = 0.6410537%
3574.6933

4.Tnh hm nhit phn ng ca hn hp to ra trong lp th 1

Da vo hm nhit ca hn hp kh khi vo v ra khi thp. Cng thc tnh
hm nhit hn hp kh theo hm nhit ca tng cu t:
h ch = C CH OH h CH OH + C CO h CO + C H h H + C CH h CH + C N h N + C CO h CO
3

Trong hm nhit ca tng cu t trong hn hp kh theo nhit v p sut

da vo cc phng trnh gn ng, trong khong nhit 300 400 c cng thc
tnh sau:
h H = 7,1.(T 273)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

h CO = 13,4 ( T 473) +4050

2

Hm nhit ca metan v metanol c tnh da vo th trong phn ph lc.

*

Hm nhit ca cc cu t trc khi vo lp th nht:

h H = 7,1.(T 273) = 7,1.( 351.5 0 + 273 -273) = 2520.5 (kcal/kmol)
2

h CO = 7,25.(T 473) +1700

= 7,25.( 351.5 0 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2823.75 (kcal/kmol)
h N = 7,25.( T 473) +1700
2

= 7,25.( 351.5 0 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2823.75 (kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4.( T 473) +4050
2

= 13,4.( 351.5 0 + 273 473) + 4050 = 6127 (kcal/kmol)

h CH = 4.392500 (kcal/mol)
4

h CH OH = 10777.777 10628.750 ( kcal/mol)

3

H Vn Ho

33

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Hm nhit ca hn hp: h ch ,0 = 2936.97769
*

(kcal/kmol)

Hm nhit ca cc cu t khi ra khi lp 1:

h H = 7,1 (T 273) = 7,1 ( 356.5 + 273 -273) = 2556

(kcal/kmol)

h CO = 7,25 (T 473) +1700

= 7,25 (356.5 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2860 (kcal/kmol)
h N = 7,25 ( T 473) +1700
2

= 7,25 (356.5 + 273 473) + 1700 = 2860 (kcal/kmol)

h CO = 13,4 ( T 473) +4050
2

= 13,4 (356.5 + 273 473 ) + 4050 = 6194 (kcal/kmol)

h CH = 4455.00 (kcal/mol)
4

h CH OH = 10753.750
3

( kcal/mol)

Hm nhit ca hn hp l:
h ch ,1 = 2996.5397860(kcall/kmol)
5.Tnh li chuyn ho
Tnh lng nhit sn sinh trong mt lp: coi qu trnh xy ra trong lp l qu
trnh on nhit. Lng nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
Q k = n k 1 .(h k - h k 1 )

C th lng nhit to ra trong lp 1 l:

Q1 =

3514.18247x (2996.5397860- 2936.9776943) =

21023.710213

(kcal/kmol)
Tnh chuyn ho trong lp 1 da vo lng nhit Q 1
U* ch ,1 =

n h,0 (h ch,1 - h ch,0 )

h ch,1 - h ch,0
Q1
=
=
nh ,0 (H R )
nh ,0 (H R )
(H R )

Coi nhit phn ng H R = 26300 kcal/kmol khng i trong ton b lp.

U* ch ,1

(2996.5397860- 2936.9776943)
26300

= 0.002265 (kmolCH 3

OH/kmol)

H Vn Ho

34

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
So snh sai s:

U*ch,1 - U ch,1
U ch,1

0, 0022 0.002265
x 100% = 2.9%
0, 0022

*
Gi tr U ch ,1 tnh c gn bng gi tr U ch,1 gi thit nn c th chp nhn

gi thit ban u.
6.Tnh chiu cao ca lp:
Trc ht phi tnh ti ca lp xc tc. k =

U ch, k
rm.k

(kg xc tc.h/ kmol)

vi rm l tc phn ng trung bnh trong lp.

Da vo phng trnh vn tc phn ng v thc t sn xut ngi ta xy
dng th rm ,k = f(T m ,k ,U ch ,k ) vi p sut p = 240 at. Nhit trung bnh oc tnh
theo cng thc:
T m ,k =

Tk +Tk 1
2

T m,1 =

351.5 + 356.5
= 354oC
2

Theo th s ph thuc vn tc phn ng vo nhit v chuyn ho th

vn tc trung bnh trong lp th nht tnh c l
r m ,1 = 0.0664(kmol CH 3 OH/kg xc tc)
Ti ca lng xc tc:
0.002265
= 0,034098 (kg xc tc.h/ kmol)
0.0664

1 =

Lng hn hp kh trung bnh trong lp:

n m ,k =

nk + nk 1
(kmol/h)
2

n m ,1 =

3529.715+ 3514.182
= 3521.9478 (kmol/h)
2

V lng xc tc trong lp:

mxt , k = k .n m ,k

= 0,034098 x 3521.9478 = 120.09(kg)

Tnh chiu cao thp da vo ng knh v khi lng ring.

H Vn Ho

35

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
H k =

F=

mxt ,k
F . xt

(m)

d 2
.0, 62
=
= 0,282743 (m2)
4
4

H1 =

120.09
= 0.2575
0, 282743x1650

(m)

Qa trnh tnh ton vi cc lp tip theo ca bc th ba tng t nh trn, v

c tng hp trong bng s liu sau:

H Vn Ho

36

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

T
nCHOH3
nH 2
nCO
nCH 4
nN 2
nCO2

n
CCH3OH
CH 2
CCO
CCH 4
CN2
CCO2
VU
hch
Vhch
VU *

C
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h
Kmol/h

351.5
112.459
2478.416
405.679
180.222
330.470
22.527
3529.713

356.5
120.225
2462.885
397.91
180.222
330.470
22.527
3514.182

361.5
128.096
2447.114
390.042
180.222
330.470
22.527
3498.438

366.5
136.073
2431.18
382.065
180.222
330.470
22.527
3482.468

371.5
144.013
2415.30
374.125
180.222
330.470
22.527
3466.605

376.5
152.056
2399.22
366.08
180.222
330.470
22.527
3450.52

381.5
160.475
2382.38
357.66
180.222
330.470
22.527
3433.68

386.5
168.990
2365.35
349.14
180.222
330.470
22.527
3416.65

%
%
%
%
%
%

3.388
70.108
11.368
5.126
9.162
0.641

3.4211
70.084
11.323
5.12842
9.402
0.6412
0.0022

3.661
69.949
11.149
5.1515
9.4444
0.6439
0.0022

3.9073
69.811
10.97
5.157
9.487
0.6468
0.00228

4.154
69.673
10.792
5.1988
9.531
0.6495
0.00228

4.406
69.532
10.609
5.223
9.575
0.6528
0.00232

4.6735
69.3828
10.041
5.248
9.622
0.656
0.00244

4.946
69.230
10.21
5.274
9.675
0.6593
0.00248

2936.977

2996.539

3056.982

3118.372

3180.22

3243.35

3309.08

3375.9

59.562

60.443

61.344

61.893

63.13

65.73

66.8

0.002264

0.00229

0.00233

0.002353

0.0024

0.002499

0.002542

0.044358

0.318

0.04665

0.049

0.3255498 0.0514

kmolCH 3OH
kmol
kcal
kmol
kcal
kmol
kmolCH 3OH
kmol
kmolCH 3OH
kmol

H Vn Ho

0.0421

37

QTTB-K50

0.053943

 n k thut phn ng

rm

nm
Vmxt
VH
H

kmolCH 3OH
kmol xuctac
kmolxuctac .h
kmol

0.071

0.07116

0.07567

0.0803

0.0843

0.0873

0.0906

0.0351

0.0356

0.0308

0.0293

0.02846

0.0286

0.02806

Kmol/h
kg
m
m

3521.947
120.09
0.2575
0.2575

3506.31
113.22
0.2428
0.50037

3490.46
110.75
0.2307
0.7311

3474.54
101.818
0.2135
0.94946

3458.56
98.45
0.2111
1.1607

3442.10
98.53
0.2112
1.3719

3425.1
96.11
0.2061
1.5780

H Vn Ho

38

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
KT QU CA BC 3
Nng sut ra khi bc l: = 3416.651
Nhit hn hp ra khi bc l: 386.5
Nhit hn hp ra khi bc = 386.5
Nng %hidro = 69.23%
Nng %CO
Nng %N2

= 10.219%
= 9.670%

Nng %metan = 5.27%

Nng %CO2

= 0.6593

Nng %metanol = 4.964

H Vn Ho

39

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

PHN IV: TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT

Tnh thit b truyn nhit cn thit lm nng hn hp u vo thp theo cc s liu
sau:
1. Pha lu th lnh:
Hn hp kh lnh vo : t = 20oC,
Hn hp kh lnh ra:

t = 345oC

Chnh lch nhit

Vt1 = 325oC

2.Pha lu th nng :
Sn phm kh nng vo: t = 386.5oC
Sn phm kh nng ra : t = 361.5oC
Chnh lch nhit :

Vt2 = 25oC

1) B mt truyn nhit F= 500 m2

2) H s truyn nhit trong khong 200 300 kcal/m2.h..
Phng trnh tnh h s truyn nhit:
Q = F.K. Vttb

K=

Q
F .Vttb

Ngoi ra, Q = n.Cp. Vttb =

Vy

K=

h
Vttb .n = n.h
Vttb

n.h
F .Vttb

Gi tr h v n ly t gi tr ra khi thp tng hp, t l ra khi bc th 3:

n = 3416.651 (kmol/h)

h = 3375.951 (kcal/kmol)

Nhit trung bnh logarit :

Vt1 Vt2
325 25
Vt
Vttb =
325 = 116.961oC
ln 1 = ln
Vt2
25

H s truyn nhit K :
K=

n.h
3416.651 3375.951
=
F .Vttb
500 116.961

H Vn Ho

= 197.23 (kcal/m2.h.)

40

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
H s truyn nhit K tnh c ph hp vi bi.

H Vn Ho

41

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
H

IE

T H

5 0 0 0
4 8 0 0
4 6 0 0
4 4 0 0

h (C H 4 ), k c a l/k m o l

4 2 0 0
4 0 0 0
3 8 0 0
3 6 0 0
3 4 0 0
3 2 0 0
3 0 0 0
2 5 0

h
3 0 0

( C

3 5 0
T ,

42

4 )

4 0 0

o C

PHN V: PH LC
Hnh 1: S ph thuc vo nhit ca hm nhit

H Vn Ho

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
H A M N H IE T C U A M E H T H A N O L , P = 2 4 0 a t
12000
11500
11000
10500

h (C H3O H), k c al/k m ol

10000
9500
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
250

G IA T R I T H U C N G H IE M
D U O N G H O I Q U Y
300

350

400

T, oC

Hnh 2: S ph thuc vo nhit ca hm nhit

H Vn Ho

43

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
Hnh 3: Vn tc phn ng ph thuc vo nhit v chuyn ha
TO C D O P H A N U N G
0 .1 2

U = 0 ,0 0 0
0 .1

U = 0 ,0 1 2 2

R m (k m ol C H 3O H /(k g x uc tac .h))

0 .0 8

U = 0 .0 2 2 6

0 .0 6

U = 0 ,0 3 0 8
0 .0 4

0 .0 2
U = 0 ,0 3 7 2
0
33 0

H Vn Ho

3 40

35 0

U = 0 ,0 4 2 8
U = 0 ,0 4 8 7

36 0
37 0
N H IE T D O ( o C )

44

380

390

400

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
PHN VI: KT LUN
Trong bn n ny em trnh by nhng vn sau:
- Tng quan v thit b phn ng v thp phn ng
- Tnh cht ca MeOH, ng dng ca n trong thc t v trong cng nghip
- S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut MeOH
- Tnh thp phn ng MeOH bng vic tnh chiu cao cho tng bc phn ng
- Tnh h s truyn nhit ca thit b lm nng hn hp u vo thp
Do thi gian lm n khng nhiu, v do hn ch v hiu bit thc t, nn bn
n ca em cn nhiu sai st. Em knh mong thy xem xt, sa cha, b sung bn
n ca em hon thin hn.

H Vn Ho

45

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Nguyn Bin. Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phmtp 5. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut H Ni.2006.
2.Nguyn Bin. K thut phn ng .i hc Bch Khoa H Ni. 1991

3. Tp th tc gi. S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht. Nh xut bn

khoa hc v k thut- tp 1.2006

4. Tp th tc gi. S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht .Nh xut bn

khoa hc v k thut tp 2. 2006

5. Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc
phm tp 1. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.2001

H Vn Ho

46

QTTB-K50

 n k thut phn ng

H Vn Ho

47

QTTB-K50