Cng ngh thit k ngc

Th ba, 22/11/2011, 13:53 GMT+7

nh minh ho

Thit k ngc l quy trnh thit k li mu - m hnh vt l cho trc thng qua s ha b mt mu bng thit b o ta , v xy dng m hnh thit k t d liu s ha. u im ca phng php thit k ngc l cho php thit k nhanh v chnh xc mu thit k c phc tp hnh hc cao, hoc mu dng b mt t do (khng xc nh c quy lut to hnh). Phng php thit k ngc cng c u im i vi mu thit k dng b mt c quy lutto hnh nhng khng xc nh c thng s thit k. Chng hn cc mu b mt xon nh cnh tuabin, b mt thy ng hc, kh ng hc. Trong thi gian gn y trong nc c cc loi thit b t ng o qut ta 3D, k thut thit k ngc cng c nghin cu p dng ti mt s ni (doanh nghip, vin, trng). Tuy nhin vic ng dng c hiu qu gii php k thut mi ny vn cn nhiu vn cn phi hon thin thm.

K thut thit k ngc - Reverse Engineering (RE) l thut ng c s dng ph bin trong thi gian gn y. Tuy nhin vic s dng RE trong pht trin sn phm c bt u t vi thp k trc. RE c khi nim l qu trnh nhn bn mtvt th, mt b phn hoc mt sn phm hon chnh c sn m khng c s tr gip ca bn v, ti liu hay m hnh my tnh. V bn cht thit k ngc l qu trnh sao chp mt sn phm c sn xut (nh kh nng sao chp hnh nh ca mt vt th thnh d liu CAD 3D), thit k ngc lin quan n vic qut hnh (scanning), s ha (digitizing) vt th thnh dng im, ng v b mt 3D. Cc nh thit k v ch to thng nh gi sn phm ca mnh v i th cnh tranh trc khi a ra mt tng mi. Ngy nay qu trnh c h thng ha thnh mt k thut ring gi l k thut thit k ngc. l s nh gi c h thng mt sn phm nhm mc ch ti to li hon chnh hoc c b sung thm nhng ci tin pht trin. Nh vy c th thy k thut thit k ngc l qu trnh to m hnh thit k t sn phm c sn, nhm thc hin cc php phn tch k thut hoc ti to li sn phm di dng nguyn gc hay bin th. Qu trnh ny tri ngc vi qu trnh truyn thng by lu nay kiu thit k thun (Forward Engineering) - i t tng n sn phm (thit k ngc th i t vic phn tch mt b phn trongtrnh thun - ngc ny c tng hp theo l trnh nh sau: - Thit k thun: nhu cu - tng thit k - to mu th v kim tra - sn phm.

- Thit k ngc: sn phm - o v kim tra - ti thit k - to mu th v kim tra - sn phm. K thut thit k ngc theo hng t ng ha thng c chia lm 3 giai on l: ly mu (s ha b mt) bng thit b o qut ta ; x l d liu v xy dng m hnh thit k trn phn mm CAD; ng dng. Giai on ly mu l giai on s ha b mt mu bng cc loi thit b o qut ta . Cc loi thit b o qut ta c la chn ty theo hnh dng ca chi tit, yu cu chnh xc, vt liu chi tit, kch thc chi tit... Hai loi thit b o qutta ph bin nht hin nay l thit b o khng tip xc v thit b o tip xc. in hnh ca 2 loi my ny l my qut laser v my o ta (Coordinate Measuring Machine - CMM). Trong giai on ny thit b o ta s thu nhn d liu hnh hc ca i tng dng ta ca cc im (x,y, z), sau s tp hp cc im trn b mt i tng c m t nh m my im. Tip theo l giai on x l d liu v xy dng m hnh, giai on ny s dng 2 phn mm l phn mm to li (c kh nng t ng ph li qua tt c cc im d liu) v phn mm m hnh ha 3D (c kh nng m hnh ha cc ng cong, mt cong NURBS, xy dng m hnh thit k CAD t m hnh li im thng qua s tng tc ca ngi s dng vi giao din ca phn mm).
Sau cng l giai on ng dng, m hnh thit k c th c tinh chnh, ti u bng cc phng php phn tch CAE, hay chuyn sang cng on thit k khun cho sn phm v cui cng l xut d liu thit k di dng bn v k thut. C th s dng trc tip d liu thit k cho cng on sn xut bng cch chuyn m hnh CAD sang phn mm CAM lp trnh gia cng CNC, hay chuyn sang d liu STL cho qu trnh to mu nhanh. Ngoi vic phc v thit k ch to, quy trnh thit k ngc cn c s dng kim tra, nh gi chnh xc gia sn phm gia cng so vi nguyn mu. PGS.TS. on Th Minh Trinh v nhm cng s khoa c kh Trng i hc bch khoa TP.HCM hon tt ti nghin cu ny. y l mt hng nghin cu mi rt thit thc v qua gip nng cao kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng quc t i vi ngnh c kh chnh xc ca Vit Nam. PGS.TS. ON TH MINH TRINH (Khoa c kh, Trng i hc bch khoa TP.HCM