Tm hiu dch v IpTV

IPTV l mt dch v gi tr gia tng trn nn internet bng rng ang c cc nh cung cp dch v bng rng cung cp cho khch hng. D kin trong thng 9 ny, VNPT Nng s cung cp dch v ny n cho ngi dng thnh ph Nng. BBT chng ti xin gii thiu n khch hng v qu c gi bi vit v IPTV qu khch hiu r hn v dch v ny. IPTV - Internet Protocol TV - l mng truyn hnh kt hp cht ch vi mng vin thng. Ni rng hn IPTV l dch v gi tr gia tng s dng mng bng rng IP phc v cho nhiu ngi dng (user). Cc user c th thng qua my vi tnh PC hoc my thu hnh ph thng cng vi hp phi ghp set topbox s dng dch v IPTV. IPTV c 2 c im c bn l: da trn nn cng ngh IP v phc v theo nhu cu. Tnh tng tc l u im ca IPTV so vi h thng truyn hnh cp CATV hin nay, v truyn hnh CATV tng t cng nh CATV s u theo phng thc phn chia tn s, nh trc thi gian v qung b n hng (truyn t mt trung tm n cc my tivi thu bao). Mng CATV hin nay ch yu dng cp ng trc hoc lai ghp cp ng trc vi cp quang (HFC) u phi chim dng ti nguyn bng tn rt rng. Hn na k thut ghp ni modem cp hin nay u sn sinh ra tp m. So vi mng truyn hnh s DTV th IPTV c nhiu i mi v dng tn hiu cng nh phng thc truyn b ni dung. Trong khi truyn hnh s thng qua cc menu nh trc (thm ch nh trc hng tun, hoc hng thng) cc user la chn, th IPTV c th cao cht lng phc v c tnh tng tc v tnh tc thi. Ngi s dng (user hoc viewer) c th t do la chn chng trnh TV ca mng IP bng rng. Vi ngha ng ca phng tin truyn thng (media) gia server v user. So vi VOD (video theo yu cu) IPTV c u th l: 1. S dng d dng, hin th trn tivi hiu qu cao hn mn my vi tnh, thao tc trn hp ghp ni + bn phm n gin, thc hin chuyn i nhanh lung cao tc/chng trnh. 2. D qun l, d khng ch, s dng hp kt ni lm u cui nh cung cp dch v tin hnh nh ch i vi hp kt ni khng cn n nghip v an ton v kim tra cht lng. y cng l c s k thut d thu ph. IPTV c th thc hin cc dch v multimedia. Cn c vo s la chn ca ngi dng, IPTV cung cp rt nhiu loi hnh dch v. S dng hp kt ni vi tivi, ch nhn ngi trc my n phm iu khin c th xem cc tit mc video ang hot ng, thc

hin m thoi IP c hnh, nghe m nhc, tra tm tin tc du lch trn mng, gi v nhn e-mail, thc hin mua sm gia nh, giao dch tri phiu... Nh IPTV cht lng sinh hot gia nh c ci thin rt nhiu. Ph ng th c pht truy n tn hi u c a IPTV Ni mt cch gin n, trong h thng IPTV hnh nh video do cc phn cng thu thp theo thi gian thc (real time), thng qua phng thc m ha (nh MPEG 2/4...) to thnh cc lung tn hiu s. Sau , thng qua h thng phn mm, IPTV pht truyn vo mng cp. #u cui ca cc user tip nhn, la chn, gii m v khuch i. Trong h thng IPTV c 2 phng thc truyn a tn hiu c d nh trc (scheduled programs). l: - Pht qung b (broadcasting), truyn pht ti mi ni - Pht n a im theo yu cu (on demand). Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qung b, cc chng trnh c v trn hnh 1. Trong MBone (mng xng sng ca h thng a im) chnh l ng trc Internet. Tuy nhin ngi s dng ch theo lnh ca b qun l ni dung (content manager) c gii thiu ni dung chng trnh hu quan. Chng trnh c th do rt nhiu b IPTV server thu thp c hoc cng do cc server ca mng MBone cung cp

Hnh 1 Hnh 2 minh ha s hot ng ca h thng IPTV phc v theo yu cu (VOD) c gi l IPTV n im. Trong cc server ca b qun l ni dung c t chc thnh cm server (server cluster) tng hp kho d liu (database) ca cc chng trnh. Cch b tr cm server phc v c cc user c hiu qu s c ni r trn s tng th di y. Cc bc thc hin VOD nh sau: 1. Mt thu bao c chng nhn nhp mng v chu s qun l ca b qun l EPG 2. Thu bao mun yu cu mt ni dung no . Thu bao gi yu

cu n EGP 3. EGP cho bit a ch ca server cn tm 4. Thu bao gi yu cu ti server . 5. Server da theo yu cu ca thu bao m cung cp ni dung. Trn y ch l mt th d n gin nht. Hin nay cc nhu cu nghip v ca IPTV rt a dng nn cu trc mng phc tp hn nhiu. Tip theo chng ta phn tch s hot ng tng th ca mng IPTV.

Hnh 2.
M ng t ng th IPTV S khi biu th cc chc nng ca nghip v IPTV nh hnh 3. T ngun ni dung ti u cui ngi dng c h chia lm: nghip v cung cp v gii thiu cc ni dung, nghip v chuyn ti, nghip v tip ni u cui v nghip v qun tr. 1. Mng ni dung: Mng ny cung cp v gii thiu ni dung gm x l ni dung truyn hnh trc tip/truyn hnh VOD (theo im) v x l, gii thiu cc ng dng gia tng (phc v tin tc, in thoi c hnh, email, nhn tin...). Ngun ni dung truyn hnh trc tip/truyn hnh VOD khng qua h thng x l ni dung c m ha ph hp vi lung media theo yu cu qua mng chuyn ti a cc lung ny cung cp ti cc ngi dng u cui. 2. Mng truyn ti: y l mng cp IP. i vi lung media c hnh thc nghip v khng ging nhau c th dng phng thc chuyn a hng (multicast) cng c th chuyn theo phng thc n knh. Thng thng, truyn hnh qung b BTV truyn a hng ti user u cui, truyn hnh theo yu cu VOD thng qua mng cp phn pht ni dung CDN (Content Distribution Network) ti a im ngi dng u cui. 3. Mng u cui (cn gi l mng cp gia nh). Theo cc nh khai thc vin thng, th mng ny l mng tip ni bng rng

xDSL, FTTx+LAN hoc WLAN. 4. B qun tr bao gm qun l ni dung, qun l cp truyn, tnh cc ph, qun l cc thu bao, qun l cc hp ghp ni STB. Ta thy trong mng IPTV c 3 dng lung tn hiu: lung qung b BTV, lung truyn n a im theo yu cu VOD v lung nghip v gi tr gia tng. Nh biu din trn hnh 3. Ta xt cc phng thc truyn tn hiu th tn. C 3 phng thc truyn trc tip hin trng, truyn qung b c nh thi gian v truyn ti im VOD. Khi truyn hnh trc tip ng thi ta ly ni dung ny lu vo b nh pht li vo truyn hnh qung b nh thi gian hoc lm ngun cc tit mc cho truyn hnh VOD. i vi tit mc qung b c nh thi IPTV dng phng php truyn pht a im IP c tit kim bng tn tc l phng thc multicast. Phng thc ny thc hin "nht pht, a thu". Dng phng thc ny, mi tit mc mng cp ch pht mt lung s liu thi gian thc (real time) khng lin quan ti s ngi xem tit mc ny. Phng thc ny c th truyn pht cho hng nghn thu bao.

IPTV mng dng thp

Hnh 3 cung cp ng thi hnh nh (video) cp. m bo cht lng ca 2 phng php ng b A/V thng qua cc d liu ti hin trng, vn

v m thanh (audio) trn loi tn hiu trn IPTV mt server duy nht thu bn s dng theo khuyn

ngh truyn dn thi gian thc RTP. IPTV dng k thut nn th tn c hiu sut cao nn bng tn truyn dn ti 800kbit/s c th tip cn vi bng tn thu DVD nn to iu kin cho cc nh khai thc d dng pht trin cc dch v video. Mng chuyn ti CDN gm nhiu server cache phn b ti cc khu vc tp trung thu bao, Khi c yu cu ca thu bao, cache server chuyn ln VOD server trong mng ngun cung cp, tm ni dung ph hp v chuyn ti cho thu bao s hot ng ca cc server trong mng chuyn ti da trn k thut cn bng ph ti ton cc (GSLB). Trong qu trnh truyn a multimedia IPTV c th dng kha mt m m bo an ton ca ni dung truyn dn. IPTV p dng cc khuyn ngh quc t v tiu chun, nh khuyn ngh v truyn dn thi gian thc (RTP), khuyn ngh v khng ch thi gian thc (RTCP)... IPTV cng cng lm vic vi my tnh dng h iu hnh UNIX, VIC/VAT, Apple v Quick Time. Hin nay cch thc m ha video ca lung ch ca IPTV theo MPEG2, MPEG-4, H.264/AVC; Real Microsoft UWMV-9. Trong , MPEG-2 v MPEG-4 c pht trin mnh. H.264 l lut m ha th tn ca ITU-T xut thch hp cho cc h thng cng cng. Do H.264 c kh nng thnh cch m ha chnh ca IPTV. Nh nu trn, nghip v IPTV chnh l phc v cho cc h gia nh. Phng thc tip nhp bng rng ti gia nh thng dng phng php truy nhp ADSL, nhng v IPTV thit lp ti user nghip v multimedia thi gian thc v tng tc nn ADSL khng tha mn cc yu cu ca IPTV. Cp quang truyn dn ti tn nh FTTH c cng nhn l phng thc chuyn ti ti u. Cp quang c bng tn rt rng v c kh nng truyn dn hai hng i xng m bo c yu cu truyn hnh nh ng theo hai hng vi cht lng cao. Thit b u cui IPTV trong gia nh c 2 loi: mt l my vi tnh PC, hai l my TV + hp kt ni STB. Hp STB thc hin 3 chc nng sau: 1. Ni tip vo mng bng tn rng, thu pht v x l s liu IP v lung video. 2. Tin hnh gii m lung video MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV, Real... m bo video VOD hin th ln mn hnh ti vi cc s liu... 3. Phi hp vi bn phm m bo HTML du lch trn mng, tin hnh gi nhn email. Hp STB m nhim cc nhim v trn ch yu da vo b vi x l. kt lun ta thy IPTV ng dng k thut streaming media, thng qua mng bng rng truyn dn tn hiu truyn hnh digital n cc thu bao. Cc thu bao ch cn c thit b u cui l my

tnh PC hoc TV+STB l c th thng thc c cc chng trnh truyn hnh phong ph. Hot ng ca IPTV l hot ng tng tc trn mng khng ch c cc chng trnh truyn hnh qung b m cn thc hin truyn hnh n a im theo yu cu (VOD). IPTV cn c cc dch v tng tc khc nh truyn thoi c hnh, email, du lch trn mng, hc tp t xa... IPTV cng cc hot ng thng tin trn bng tn rng kt hp c 3 mng (my tnh + vin thng + truyn hnh) biu th xu th pht trin ca mng truyn thng tng lai. Cc nh kinh doanh dch v vin thng bng rng khng ch cc nc tin tin nh M, Nht... m cc nc trong khu vc nh Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Hng Kng... ang pht trin mnh dch v IPTV./.