Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm !

1

I. DAO NG C
1. Dao ng iu ha

Li : x = Acos(et + ).
Vn tc: v = x = - eAsin(et + ) = eAcos(et + +
2
t
); v
max
= eA.
Vn tc sm pha
2
t
so vi li .
Gia tc: a = v = - e
2
Acos(et + ) = - e
2
x; a
max
= e
2
A.
Gia tc ngc pha vi li (sm pha
2
t
so vi vn tc).
Lin h gia tn s gc, chu k v tn s: e =
T
t 2
= 2tf.
Cng thc c lp: A
2
= x
2
+
2
|
.
|

\
|
e
v
.
v tr cn bng: x = 0 th |v| = v
max
= eA v a = 0.
v tr bin: x = A th v = 0 v |a| = a
max
= e
2
A.
Trong mt chu k, vt dao ng iu ha i c qung ng 4A. Trong na chu k, vt i c qung
ng 2A. Trong mt phn t chu k tnh t v tr bin hoc v tr cn bng, vt i c qung ng A,
cn tnh t v tr khc th vt i c qung ng khc A.
Qung ng di nht vt i c trong mt phn t chu k l 2 A, qung ng ngn nht vt i c
trong mt phn t chu k l (2 - 2 )A.
Qung ng ln nht v nh nht vt i c trong khong thi gian 0 < At <
2
T
: vt c vn tc ln
nht khi i qua v tr cn bng v nh nht khi i qua v tr bin nn trong cng mt khong thi gian
qung ng i cng ln khi vt cng gn v tr cn bng v cng nh khi cng gn v tr bin. S dng
mi lin h gia dao ng iu ha v chuyn ng trn u ta co: A = eAt; S
max
= 2Asin
2
A
;
S
min
= 2A(1 - cos
2
A
).
tnh vn tc trung bnh ca vt dao ng iu ha trong khong thi gian At no ta xc nh gc
quay c trong thi gian ny trn ng trn t tnh qung ng As i c trong thi gian v
tnh vn tc trung bnh theo cng thc v
tb
=
t
s
A
A
.
Phng trnh ng lc hc ca dao ng iu ha: x +
m
k
x = 0.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 2
2. Con lc l xo

Phng trnh dao ng: x = Acos(et + ).
Vi: e =
m
k
; A =
2
0 2
0
|
.
|

\
|
+
e
v
x ; cos =
A
x
o
(ly nghim "-" khi v
0
> 0; ly nghim "+" khi v
0
< 0) ;
(vi x
0
v v
0
l li v vn tc ti thi im ban u t = 0).
Th nng: W
t
=
2
1
kx
2
=
2
1
kA
2
cos
2
(e + ).
ng nng: W

=
2
1
mv
2
=
2
1
me
2
A
2
sin
2
(e +) =
2
1
kA
2
sin
2
(e + ).
Th nng v ng nng ca vt dao ng iu ha bin thin iu ha vi tn s gc e = 2e, vi tn s
f = 2f v vi chu k T =
2
T
.
Trong mt chu k c 4 ln ng nng v th nng bng nhau nn khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip
ng nng v th nng bng nhau l
4
T
. ng nng v th nng ca vt dao ng iu ha bng nhau ti
v tr c li x =
2
A
.
C nng: W = W
t
+ W

=
2
1
kx
2
+
2
1
mv
2
=
2
1
kA
2
=
2
1
me
2
A
2
.
Lc n hi ca l xo: F = k(l l
o
) = kAl.
Con lc l xo treo thng ng: Al
o
=
k
mg
; e =
o
l
g
A
.
Chiu di cc i ca l xo: l
max
= l
0
+ Al
0
+ A.
Chiu di cc tiu ca xo: l
min
= l
0
+ Al
0
A.
Lc n hi cc i: F
max
= k(A + Al
0
).
Lc n hi cc tiu: F
min
= 0 nu A > Al
0
; F
min
= k(Al
0
A) nu A < Al
0
.
ln ca lc n hi ti v tr c li x:
F
h
= k|Al
0
+ x| vi chiu dng hng xung.
F
h
= k|Al
0
- x| vi chiu dng hng ln.
Lc ko v: F = - kx.
L xo ghp ni tip: ...
1 1 1
2 1
+ + =
k k k
. cng gim, tn s gim.
L xo ghp song song: k = k
1
+ k
2
+ ... . cng tng, tn s tng.





Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 3
3. Con lc n

Phng trnh dao ng: s = S
o
cos(et + ) hay o = o
0
cos(et + ); vi s = o.l ; S
0
= o
0
.l (vi o

v o
0
tnh
ra rad).
Tn s gc, chu k, tn s: e =
l
g
; T = 2t
g
l
; f =
l
g
t 2
1
.
ng nng: W

=
2
1
mv
2
= mgl(coso

- coso
0
).
Th nng: W
t
= mgl(1 - coso).
C nng: W = mgl(1 - coso
0
).
Nu o
o
s 10
0
th: W
t
=
2
1
mglo
2
; W

=
2
1
mgl(o
2
0
- o
2
); W =
2
1
mglo
2
0
; o

v o
o
tnh ra rad.
C nng ca con lc n dao ng iu ha: W = W
d
+ W
t
= mgl(1 - coso
o
) =
2
1
mglo
2
0
.
Vn tc khi i qua v tr c li gc o: v = ) cos (cos 2
0
o o gl .
Vn tc khi i qua v tr cn bng (o = 0): |v| = v
max
= ) cos 1 ( 2
0
o gl .
Nu o
o
s 10
0
th: v = ) (
2 2
0
o o gl ; v
max
= o
o gl ;
o

v o
o
tnh ra rad.
Sc cng ca si dy khi i qua v tr c li gc o:
T
o
= mgcoso +
l
mv
2
= mg(3coso - 2coso
0
).
T
VTCB
= T
max
= mg(3 - 2coso
0
); T
bin
= T
min
= mg coso
0
.
Nu o
o
s 10
0
: T = 1 + o
2
0
-
2
3
o
2
; T
max
= mg(1 + o
2
0
); T
min
= mg(1 -
2
2
o
o
).
Con lc n c chu k T cao h, nhit t. Khi a ti cao h, nhit t th ta c :
2
t
R
h
T
T A
+
A
=
A o
; vi AT = T - T, R = 6400 km l bn knh Tri t, Ah = h - h, At = t - t, o l h s n
di ca thanh treo con lc. Vi ng h m dy s dng con lc n: Khi AT > 0 th ng h chy
chm, AT < 0 th ng h chy nhanh. Thi gian chy sai trong mt ngy m (24 gi):
At =
'
86400 .
T
T A
.
Con lac n chu them cac lc khac ngoai trong lc :
Trong lc bieu kien:

' P =

P +

F
Gia toc ri t do bieu kien:

' g =

g +
m
F

. Khi o: T = 2t
' g
l
.
Thng gap: Lc ien trng

F = q

E ; lc quan tnh:

F = - m

a .
Cac trng hp ac biet:

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 4

F co phng ngang th g =
2 2
) (
m
F
g + . Khi o v tr can bang mi lech vi phng thang
ng goc o co: tano =
P
F
.

F co phng thang ng hng len th g = g -

m
F
.

F co phng thang ng hng xuong th g = g +

m
F
.
Chu k cua con lac n treo trong thang may:
Khi thang may ng yen hoac chuyen ong thang eu : T = 2t
g
l
.
Khi thang may i len nhanh dan eu hoac i xuong cham dan eu vi gia toc co o ln
la a (

a hng len): T = 2t
a g
l
+
.
Khi thang may i len cham dan eu hoac i xuong nhanh dan eu vi gia toc co o ln
la a (

a hng xuong): T = 2t
a g
l

.


4. Dao ong cng bc, cong hng


Con lac lo xo dao ong tat dan vi bien o ban au la A, he so ma sat :
Quang ng vat i c en luc dng lai: S =
g
A
mg
kA

e
2 2
2 2 2
= .
o giam bien o sau moi chu k: AA =
k
mg 4
=
2
4
e
g
.
So dao ong thc hien c: N =
mg
A
mg
Ak
A
A

e
4 4
2
= =
A
.
Hien tng cong hng xay ra khi f = f
0
hay e = e
0
hay T = T
0
.





5. Tong hp cac dao ong ieu hoa cung phng cung tan so


Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 5
Neu: x
1
= A
1
cos(et +
1
) va x
2
= A
2
cos(et +
2
) th
x = x
1
+ x
2
= Acos(et + ) vi A va c xac nh bi:
A
2
= A
1
2
+ A
2
2
+ 2 A
1
A
2
cos (
2
-
1
); tan =
2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1
cos cos
sin sin


A A
A A
+
+

+ Hai dao ong cung pha (
2
-
1
= 2kt): A = A
1
+ A
2
.
+ Hai dao ong ngc pha (
2
-
1
)= (2k + 1)t): A = |A
1
- A
2
|.
+ Neu o lech pha bat ky th: | A
1
- A
2
| s A s A
1
+ A
2
.
Trng hp biet mot dao ong thanh phan x
1
= A
1
cos(et +
1
) va dao ong tong hp la
x = Acos(et + ) th dao ong thanh phan con lai x
2
= A
2
cos(et +
2
) vi A
2
va
2
c xac
nh bi:
A
2
2
= A
2
+ A
2
1
- 2 AA
1
cos ( -
1
); tan =
1 1
1 1
cos cos
sin sin


A A
A A

.
Trng hp vat tham gia nhieu dao ong ieu hoa cung phng cung tan so th ta co:
A
x
= Acos = A
1
cos
1
+ A
2
cos
2
+ A
3
cos
3
+
A
y
= Asin = A
1
sin
1
+ A
2
sin
2
+ A
3
sin
3
+
A =
2 2
y x
A A + va tan =
x
y
A
A

















II. SONG C VA SONG AM

1. Song c

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 6
Lien he gia van toc, chu k, tan so va bc song: = vT =
f
v
.
Nang lng song: W =
2
1
me
2
A
2
.
Tai nguon phat O phng trnh song la u
0
= acos(et + ) th phng trnh song tai M tren
phng truyen song la: u
M
= acos(et + - 2t

OM
) = acos(et + - 2t

x
).
o lech pha cua hai dao ong gia hai iem cach nhau mot khoang d tren phng truyen
song:
A =

td 2
.
2. Giao thoa song
Neu tai hai nguon S
1
va S
2
cung phat ra 2 song giong het nhau: u
1
= u
2
= Acoset va bo qua
mat mat nang lng khi song truyen i th th song tai M (vi S
1
M = d
1
; S
2
M = d
2
) la tong
hp hai song t S
1
va S
2
truyen ti se co phng trnh la:
u
M
= 2Acos

t ) (
1 2
d d
cos(et -

t ) (
1 2
d d +
).
o lech pha cua hai song t hai nguon truyen ti M la: A =

t ) ( 2
1 2
d d
.
Tai M co cc ai khi d
2
- d
1
= k; cc tieu khi d
2
- d
1
= (2k + 1)
2

.
So cc ai (gn song) gia 2 nguon S
1
va S
2
dao ong cung pha: k =

2 1
2 S S
; vi k e Z.
Tren oan thang S
1
S
2
noi hai nguon, khoang cach gia hai cc ai hoac hai cc tieu lien
tiep (goi la khoang van i) la: i =
2

.
Trng hp sng pht ra t hai ngun lch pha nhau A =
2
-
1
th s cc i v cc tiu trn on
thng l s cc gi tr ca k (e z) tnh theo cng thc:
Cc i:
t

2
2 1
A
+
S S
< k <
t

2
2 1
A
+
S S
.
Cc tiu:
t

2 2
1
2 1
A
+
S S
< k <
t

2 2
1
2 1
A
+
S S
.



3. Song dng
Khoang cach gia 2 nut hoac 2 bung lien ke cua song dng la
2

.
Khoang cach gia nut va bung lien ke cua song dng la
4

.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 7
Hai iem oi xng nhau qua bung song luon dao ong cung pha, hai iem oi xng nhau
qua nut song luon dao ong ngc pha.
ieu kien e co bung song tai iem M cach vat can co nh mot khoang d la:
d = k
2

+
4

; vi k e Z.
ieu kien e co nut song tai iem M cach vat can co nh mot khoang d la:
d = k
2

; k e Z.
ieu kien e co bung song tai iem M cach vat can t do mot khoang d la:
d = k
2

; vi k e Z.
ieu kien e co nut song tai iem M cach vat can t do mot khoang d la:
d = k
2

+
4

; k e Z.
ieu kien e co song dng tren si day co chieu dai l:
Hai au la hai nut: l = k
2

.
Mot au la nut, mot au la bung: l = (2k + 1)
4

.
4. Song am
Mc cng o am: L = lg
0
I
I

Cng o am chuan: I
0
= 10
-12
W/m
2
.

Cng o am tai iem cach nguon am (co cong suat P) mot khoang R la: I =
2
4 R
P
t
.
Tan so song am do day an phat ra (hai au co nh): f = k
l
v
2
; k = 1, am phat ra la am c
ban, k = 2, 3, 4, , am phat ra la cac hoa am.
Tan so song am do ong sao phat ra (mot au bt kn, mot au e h):
f = (2k + 1)
l
v
4
; k = 0, am phat ra la am c ban, k = 1, 2, 3, , am phat ra la cac hoa am.

III. DONG IEN XOAY CHIEU

Cam khang cua cuon day: Z
L
= eL.
Dung khang cua tu ien: Z
C
=
C e
1
.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 8
Tong tr cua oan mach RLC: Z =
2
C L
2
) Z - (Z R + .
nh luat Om: I =
Z
U
; I
o
=
Z
U
O
.
Cac gia tr hieu dung:
2
o
I
I = ;
2
o
U
U = ; U
R
= IR; U
L
= IZ
L
; U
C
= IZ
C
.
o lech pha gia u va i: tan =
R
Z Z
C L

=
R
C
L
e
e
1

.
Cong suat: P = UIcos = I
2
R. He so cong suat: cos =
Z
R
.
ien nang tieu thu mach ien: W = A = P.t.
Bieu thc cua u va i:
Neu i = I
o
cos(et +
i
) th u = U
o
cos(et +
i
+ ).
Neu u = U
o
cos(et +
u
) th i = I
o
cos(et +
u
- ).
Trng hp ien ap gia hai au oan mach la u = U
o
cos(et + ). Neu oan mach ch co
tu ien th i = I
o
cos(et + +
2
t
) = - I
0
sin(et + ) hay oan mach ch co cuon cam th :
i = I
o
cos(et + -
2
t
) = I
0
sin(et + ).
Khi o ta se co:
2
0
2
2
0
2
U
u
I
i
+ = 1.
Z
L
> Z
C
th u nhanh pha hn i; Z
L
< Z
C
th u cham pha hn i.
Cc ai do cong hng ien: Khi Z
L
= Z
C
hay e =
LC
1
th u cung pha vi i ( = 0), co cong
hng ien. Khi o I
max
=
R
U
; P
max
=
R
U
2
.
Cc ai cua P theo R: R = |Z
L
Z
C
|. Khi o P
max
=
| | 2
2
C L
Z Z
U

=
R
U
2
2
.
Cc ai cua U
L
theo Z
L
: Z
L
=
C
C
Z
Z R
2 2
+
. Khi o U
Lmax
=
R
Z R U
C
2 2
+
.
Cc i U
L
theo e: e =
2 2
2
2
C R LC
.
Cc ai cua U
C
theo Z
C
: Z
C
=
L
L
Z
Z R
2 2
+
. Khi o U
Cmax
=
R
Z R U
L
2 2
+
.
Cc i U
C
theo e: e =
2
2
2
1
L
R
LC
.
Mach ba pha mac hnh sao: U
d
= 3 U
p
; I
d
= I
p
.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 9
Mach ba pha mac hnh tam giac: U
d
= U
p
; I
d
= 3 I
p
.
May bien ap:
1
2
U
U
=
2
1
I
I
=
1
2
N
N
.
Cong suat hao ph tren ng day tai: P
hp
= rI
2
= r(
U
P
)
2
= P
2
2
U
r
.
Khi tang U len n lan th cong suat hao ph P
hp
giam i n
2
lan.
Hieu suat tai ien: H =
P
P P
hp

.
o giam ien ap tren ng day tai ien: AU = Ir.
T thong qua khung day cua may phat ien: u = NBScos(et + ) = u
0
cos(et + ).
Suat ong trong khung day cua may phat ien:
e = -
dt
du
= - u = eNBSsin(et + ) = E
0
cos(et + -
2
t
).
Tan so dong ien do may phat ien xoay chieu 1 pha co p cap cc khi roto quay vi toc
o n vong/giay la: f = pn (Hz); khi ro to quay vi toc o n vong/phut la: f =
60
pn
(Hz).
Trong 1 giay dong ien xoay chieu co tan so f oi chieu 2f lan.
May phat ien xoay chieu 3 pha mac hnh sao: U
d
= 3 U
p
. Mac hnh tam giac: U
d
= U
p
.
Tai tieu thu mac hnh sao: I
d
= I
p
. Mac hnh tam giac: I
d
= 3 I
p
.
Cong suat tieu thu tren ong c ien: I
2
r + P = UIcos.










IV. DAO ONG IEN T

Chu k, tan so, tan so goc cua mach dao ong:
T = LC t 2 ; f =
LC t 2
1
; e =
LC
1
.
Bc song ien t: Trong chan khong: =
f
c
; trong moi trng co chiet suat n: =
nf
c
.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 10
Mach chon song cua may thu vo tuyen thu c song ien t co bc song:
=
f
c
= 2tc LC .
Neu mach chon song co L va C bien oi th bc song ma may thu vo tuyen thu c se
thay oi trong gii han t
min
= 2tc
min min
C L en
max
= 2tc
max max
C L .
Bieu thc ien tch tren tu: q = q
o
cos(et + ). Khi t = 0 neu tu ien ang tch ien: q tang th i
= q > 0 < 0. Khi t = 0 neu tu ien ang phong ien: q giam th i = q < 0 > 0.
Cng o dong ien tren mach dao ong: i = I
o
cos(et + +
2
t
).
ien ap tren tu ien: u =
C
q
=
C
q
0
cos(et + ) = U
o
cos(et + ).
Nang lng ien trng: W
C
=
2
1
Cu
2
=
2
1
C
q
2
.
Nang lng t trng: W
t
=
2
1
Li
2
.
Nang lng ien t: W

= W
C
+ W
t
=
2
1
C
q
2
0
=
2
1
CU
2
0

=
2
1
LI
2
0
.
Nang lng ien trng va nang lng t trng bien thien vi tan so goc e = 2e =
LC
2
, vi chu k T =
2
T
= LC t con nang lng ien t th khong thay oi theo thi gian.
Neu mach co ien tr thuan R = 0 th dao ong se tat dan. e duy tr dao ong can cung
cap cho mach mot nang lng co cong suat : P = I
2
R =
L
RC U R U C
2 2
2
0
2
0
2 2
=
e
.
Lien he gia q
o
, U
o
, I
o
: q
o
= CU
o
=
e
o
I
= I
o
LC .
Bo tu mac noi tiep: ...
1 1 1
2 1
+ + =
C C C
+
n
C
1
.
Bo tu mac song song: C = C
1
+ C
2
+ + C
n
.

V. TNH CHAT SONG CUA ANH SANG.

V tr van sang, van toi, khoang van: x
s
= k
a
D .
; x
t
= (2k + 1)
a
D
2
.
; i =
a
D .
; vi k e Z.
Th nghiem giao thoa thc hien trong khong kh o c khoang van la i th khi a vao trong
moi trng trong suot co chiet suat n se o c khoang van la i =
n
i
.
Gia n van sang (hoac van toi) lien tiep la (n 1) khoang van.
Tai M co van sang khi:
i
OM
i
x
M
= = k, o la van sang bac k.

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 11
Tai M co van toi khi:
i
x
M
= (2k + 1)
2
1
.
So van sang - toi trong mien giao thoa co be rong L: lap t so N =
i
L
2

So van sang: N
s
= 2N + 1 (lay phan nguyen cua N).
So van toi: Khi phan thap phan cua N < 0,5: N
t
= 2N (lay phan nguyen cua N). Khi phan
thap phan cua N > 0,5: N
t
= 2N + 2 (lay phan nguyen cua N).
Giao thoa vi anh sang trang (0,38m s s 0,76m):
Anh sang n sac cho van sang tai v tr ang xet neu:
x = k
a
D .
; k
min
=
d
D
ax

; k
max
=
t
D
ax

; =
Dk
ax
; vi k e Z.
Anh sang n sac cho van toi tai v tr ang xet neu:
x = (2k + 1)
a
D
2
.
; k
min
=
2
1

d
D
ax

; k
max
=
2
1

t
D
ax

; =
) 1 2 (
2
+ k D
ax
.
Be rong quang pho bac n trong giao thoa vi anh sang trang: Ax
n
= n
a
D
t d
) (
.
Bc song anh sang trong chan khong: =
f
c
.
Bc song anh sang trong moi trng: =
n nf
c
f
v
= = .
Trong ong Culitgi:
2
1
mv
2
max
= eU
0AK
= hf
max
=
min

hc
.





VII. VAT LY HAT NHAN

Hat nhan
X
A
Z
, co A nuclon; Z proton; N = (A Z) ntron.
So hat nhan, khoi lng cua chat phong xa con lai sau thi gian t:
N = N
o
T
t
2 = N
o
e
-t
; m(t) = m
o
T
t
2 = m
o
e
-t
.
So hat nhan mi c tao thanh (bang so hat nhan b phan ra) sau thi gian t:
N = N
0
N = N
0
(1
T
t
2 ) = N
0
(1 e
-t
).
Khoi lng chat mi c tao thanh sau thi gian t:

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 12
m = m
0
A
A'
(1
T
t
2 ) = m
0
A
A'
(1 e
-t
).
o phong xa: H = N = N
o
e
-t
= H
o
e
-t
= H
o
T
t
2 .

Vi:
T T
693 , 0 2 ln
= = la hang so phong xa; T la chu k ban ra.
So hat nhan trong m gam chat n nguyen t: N =
A
N
A
m
.
Lien he gia nang lng va khoi lng: E = mc
2
.
Khoi lng ong: m =
2
2
0
1
c
v
m

.
o hut khoi cua hat nhan: Am = Zm
p
+ (A Z)m
n
m
hn
.
Nang lng lien ket: W
lk
= Amc
2
.
Nang lng lien ket rieng: c =
A
W
lk
.
Cac nh luat bao toan trong phan ng hat nhan:
1
1
A
Z
X
1
+
2
2
A
Z
X
2

3
3
A
Z
X
3
+
4
4
A
Z
X
4
.
Bao toan so nuclon: A
1
+ A
2
= A
3
+ A
4
.
Bao toan ien tch: Z
1
+ Z
2
= Z
3
+ Z
4
.
Bao toan ong lng: m
1

1
v + m
2

2
v = m
3

3
v + m
4

4
v .
Bao toan nang lng:
(m
1
+ m
2
)c
2
+
2
1
m
1
v
2
1
+
2
1
m
2
v
2
2
= (m
3
+ m
4
)c
2
+
2
1
m
3
v
2
3
+
2
1
m
4
v
2
4
.
Nang lng toa ra hoac thu vao trong phan ng hat nhan:
AW = (m
1
+ m
2
m
3
m
4
)c
2
= W
3
+ W
4
W
1
W
2
= A
3
c
3
+ A
4
c
4
A
1
c
1
A
2
c
2
.

Cac so lieu va n v thng s dung trong vat l hat nhan:
So Avogaro: N
A
= 6,022.10
23
mol
-1
.
n v nang lng: 1 eV = 1,6.10
-19
J; 1 MeV = 10
6
eV = 1,6.10
-13
J.
n v khoi lng nguyen t: 1u = 1,66055.10
-27
kg = 931,5 MeV/c
2
.
ien tch nguyen to: e = 1,6.10
-19
C.
Khoi lng proton: m
p
= 1,0073 u. Khoi lng ntron: m
n
= 1,0087 u.
Khoi lng electron: m
e
= 9,1.10
-31
kg = 0,0005 u.


VI. LNG T ANH SANG

Thanh Huy 12Cba3 su tm ! 13

Nang lng cua photon anh sang: c = hf =

hc
.
Cong thc Anhxtanh, gii han quang ien, ien ap ham:
hf =

hc
= A +
2
1
mv
2
max 0
;
o
=
A
hc
; U
h
= -
e
W
d max
.
ien the cc ai qua cau kim loai co lap ve ien at c khi chieu chum sang co s

o
:
V
max
=
e
W
d max
.
Cong suat cua nguon sang, cng o dong quang ien bao hoa, hieu suat lng t:
P = n

hc
; I
bh
= n
e
|e|; H =

n
n
e
.
Lc Lorrenx, lc hng tam: F
lr
= qvBsino; F
ht
= ma
ht
=
R
mv
2

Quang pho vach cua nguyen t hyro: E
n
E
m
= hf =

hc
.
Ban knh quy ao dng th n cua electron trong nguyen t hiro: r
n
= n
2
r
1
; vi r
1
= 0,53.10
-11
m la ban knh Bo ( quy ao K).
Nang lng cua electron trong nguyen t hiro: E
n
= -
2
6 , 13
n
(eV).