n tt nghip

CHNG I
TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP IU CHNH TC
NG C MT CHIU KCH T C LP
1.1. khi qut chung:
ng c in mt chiu cho php iu chnh tc quay lin tc trng mt phm
vi rng v trong nhiu trng hp cn c c tnh c c bit, thit b n gin hn
v r tin hn cc thit b iu khin ca ng c ba pha.V mt s u im nh
vy cho nn ng c in mt chiu c s dng rt ph bin trong cng nghip,
trong giao thng vn ti.
2.1. Phng trnh c tnh c:
iu khin c tc ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp th ta phi phn
tch, tm cc mi quan h gia tc vi cc thng s khc ca ng c t
a ra phng php iu khin. ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp th dng
kch t c lp vi dng phn ng. V c nui bi hai ngun mt chiu c lp
vi nhau.

I
U

kt

kt

kt

Hnh 1. S ni dy ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp

Theo hnh 1 ta vit phng trnh cn bng in p ca mch phn ng
U =E + ( R + Rf)I
(1)
Trong : U : in p t ln phn ng ng c (V).
E : Sc in ng phn ng (V)
R : in tr ca mch phn ng ( )
Rf : in tr ph trong mch phn ng
()
I : Dng in mch phn ng
()
Vi R = r + rcf +rb + rct
Trong : r
in tr cun dy phn ng ( )
rcf : in tr cun cc t ph ( )
rb : in tr cun b ( )
rct : in tr tip xc chi in ( )
Sc in ng E ca phn ng ng c c xc nh theo biu thc sau

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

kt

n tt nghip

E =
trong :

PN
2a

(2)

p : S i cc t chnh
N : S thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng
a : S i mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng

: T thng kch t di mi cc t
: Tc gc (rad/s)

(wb)

PN
: H s cu to ca ng c
2a
Nu biu din sc in ng theo tc quay n (vng/ pht) th
E = ke n
( 3)

k=

n
2 n
=
9,55
60
PN n
E =
60 a

v vy

vi ke =
ke =

PN
: H s sc in ng ca ng c
60 a
k
0,105 k
9,55

Thay (1) vo (2) v bin i ta c

=

Uu R u + R f
I(4)
K
( K )

Biu thc (4) l phng trnh c tnh c in ca ng c.Mt khc, mmen in

(5)
t Mt = k I u
Nu b qua tn tht trong cc trc, tn tht t qut mt v tn tht trong thp th
mmen c trn trc ca ng c bng mmen in t, ta k hiu l M, tc l Mt =
Mc =M
Vy phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c l
=

Uu - R + R
u

(k )

(6)

Biu thc (6) l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c

lp
Nu khng xt n nh hng ca phn ng phn ng ngang trc lm gim t
thng ca ng c tc l xem =const th quan h =f(M,I) l tuyn tnh.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

dm

M I
dm,

dm

nm ,

M,I
nm

Hnh 2 th c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp

T th ta c : khi I = 0 hoc M =0 ta c

U
k

=0

(7)

0 : c gi l tc khng ti l tng ca ng c , khi =0 ta c

I =

U
=Inm
Ru + R f

(8)

V M =k Inm =Mnm (9)

Inm, Mnm : c gi l dng in ngn mch v mmen ngn mch. Mt khc
phng thnh c tnh (4) v (6) cng c th vit di dng
=

=U u K

v I =

R
I =0 - (10)
k
R

(k )

M = 0 - (11)

M
ta suy ra t (5)
K

trong R = R + Rf , 0 = U u
K

R
R
I =
M
2
K
(k )

(12)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

: c gi l st tc ng vi gi tr ca M (hay I) , ta c th biu din c

tnh c in v c tnh c trong h n v tng i vi iu kin t thng l nh
mc ( = dm )
Trong *=

I
M
, I* =
,M =
, R* =
0
I dm
M dm
Rcb

( Rcb =Um/ Im c gi l in tr c bn )
T (4) v (6) ta vit c tnh c in v c tnh c n v tng i
*=1- R*I* (13)
(14)
= 1- R*M
cng ca c tnh c :
=

dM
=
d

(k

nm)
R

(15)

Cng sut (nng lng in)

T phng trnh l tng : IU =(E +IR)I (16)
Ta c
Pin =Pt +
Trong Pt =IE cng sut in t
2
P =I R tn hao cng sut c trn in tr phn ng
(17)
Thc t
Pin =Pt + P + P0
Vi P0 tn hao ma st do s quay
T biu thc (4) hoc (6) ta thy l mt hm ph thuc R, , U :
=f(R,,U) do iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
c ba phng php iu khin sau :
- iu khin in tr ph phn ng
- iu khin t thng kch t
- iu khin in p phn ng
Sau y ta xem xt tng phng php iu khin mt
2. CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN NG C IN MT CHIU KCH
T C LP
2.1 Phng php iu khin bng in tr ph phn ng (Rf):
Nguyn l iu chnh:
Ni thm in tr ph Rf vo mch phn ng
Ta phn tch trn nn ta c = f Rf , kt , U , gi thit rng :
Nu gi =m=const ; U= Um = const; R =const th =f(Rf)
Mun thay i c gi tr Rf ca mch phn ng bng cch ni tip mt in tr
ph (Rf) thay i c gi tr vo mch phn ng.
Lc ny ta c : R = R + Rf

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

T phng trnh c tnh c : =

dm

dm

R +R
( K dm)
u

T phng trnh trn ta thy : khi tng gi tr ca Rf th tc ca ng c gim,

khi gim gi tr ca Rf th tc ca ng c tng .
Lc ny ta c tc khng ti l tng: 0 =
Cn cng ca c tnh c : =

( K

= const (18)

dm

dm

dm) = var
Ru + R f

(19)

Nh vy khi thay i Rf cho ta mt h c tnh nh sau:

=0

f1

R
R

f2

f3

dm

2M

dm

Hnh 1-3 : c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp nhng

in tr ph khc nhau
Nhn xt: Nu Rf cng ln th tc ng c cng gim, ng thi Inm v Mnm
cng gim. Phng php ny c dng hn ch dng in ng c khi khi
ng.
- u im : n gin , d thc hin
- Nhc im : + cng c tnh c thp
+ Tn tht nng lng trn in tr ln
+ Phm vi iu chnh hp
2.2. Phng php iu chnh bng t thng kch t:
Nguyn l iu chnh:
iu chnh t thng kch t ca ng c in mt chiu l iu chnh m men in
t ca ng c M = kI v sc in ng quay ca ng c
E=k

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

I
U

kt

kt

kt

Hnh 1-4 :S ni dy iu chnh kch t ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c

lp.
T biu thc (4) v (6) ta thy = f(U, kt , Rf ), nu gi U=Um=const v in tr
phn ng R = const (Rf =0 ) lc ny = f(kt). thay i c tc ta cn
thay i kt , m t thng kch t do dng kch t sinh ra.
Vy iu chnh kt ta mc thm bin tr Rv vo mch kch t, khi iu chnh kt
ta phi tun theo iu kin sau.
Khng th tng dng kch t Ikt ln hn dng nh mc ca cun dy kch
t v n ph hng cun kch t v khi kt = m bo h ri, nu mun tng Ikt th
kt cng khng tng ng k nn ta iu chnh bng cch gim kt .
Trong trng hp ny ta c:
- Tc khng ti l tng
0 =

dm

= var

- cng ca c tnh c
=

(K )
X

= var

Do cu to ca ng c in, thc t thng iu chnh gim t thng. Nn khi t

thng gim th x tng, cn s gim. Ta c th c tnh c vi x tng dn v
cng ca c tnh gim dn khi gim t thng.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

dm

dm

nm

dm

nm 2

dm

nm 1

nm

Hnh 1-5 : c tnh c v c in ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp

khi gim t thng.
T th ta nhn thy khi t thng thay i vi m > 1 >2 ta c:
- Dng in ngn mch : Inm = U dm =const

- M men ngn mch : Mnm =kxInm =var (Mnm > Mnm1 >Mnm2)
T th c tnh ta thy 0 <1 <2 . Vy phng php iu chnh t thng l
phng php iu chnh trn tc c bn.
Cc ch tiu cht lng khi gim t thng kt
- Tc khng ti l tng x = U dm tng
K

cng c tnh c =

(K )
x

- Di iu chnh khng rng D =

gim

max

= 1:2

min

+ Tc nh nht b chn bi c tnh t nhin (=m)

+ Tc ln nht max b gii hn bi bn c kh v iu kin chuyn mch
ca ng c
- u im : Cng sut mch iu chnh nh, tn tht nng lng nh
- Cng c th sn xut nhng ng c gii hn iu chnh 1:5 thm ch n 1:8
nhng phi dng nhng phng php khng ch c bit, do cu to v cng
ngh ch to phc tp khin cho gi thnh ca my tng ln.
2.3. Phng php iu khin ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp bng thay
i in p phn ng:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

R +R
(k )

T phng trnh c tnh c (6) = U u -

Gi thit = m =const; R =const,(Rf =0), M = const. Lc ny = f(U)

Khi thay i in p phn ng ta c:
- Tc khng ti l tng 0 = U u = var
K

- cng ca c tnh c =

(k )
R

= const

Nh vy khi thay i in p phn ng cho ta mt h cc c tnh sau.

TN

0
1
2

U
U
U
U
U

dm

2
3

dm

,I

M ,I
dm

Vi Um >U1>U2>U3>.>Ui
Hnh 1-6 : th c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp khi
in p phn ng thay i
Nh vy khi thay i in p phn ng ng c ta c mt h c tnh c song
song vi c tnh t nhin.
Nhn xt :
- u im : + khng gy n
+ khng gy tn hao ph trong ng c
+ di iu chnh rng D 10 : 1
+ cng c tnh c khng i trong tn di iu chnh
+ d t ng h
- Nhc im : + phng php iu chnh ny cn mt b ngun c th thay
i trn in p ra
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

+ iu khin phc tp
Kt lun : Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut nh hin nay th phng php
ny cng c s dng ph bin trong sn xut cng nh trong cc lnh vc khc.
2.4. Nuyn l iu chnh:
c tnh iu chnh :
iu chnh in p phn ng, ta phi s dng mt b bin i, iu chnh c
in p u ra cp cho mach phn ng ca ng c.

BB

ra

= var

kt

dk

Hnh 1-7 : S ngyn l iu chnh ng c

B bin i dng bin i in p xoay chiu ca li in thnh mt chiu v
iu chnh c gi tr in p u ra theo yu cu. in tr trong ca b bin i
Rb ph thuc vo loi thit b, v thng thng cng sut ca b bn i v ng
c xp x bng nhau nn Rb cng c gi tr ng k so vi R ca ng c.
T s nguyn l ta c s thay th

ud

bd

U
bd

Hnh 1-8 : S thay th nguyn l iu chnh ng c

T s thay th ta c phng trnh cn bng in p.
E = Ub (Rb + R )I (20)
Sc in ng ca ng c
E = km (21)
T biu thc (20) v (21) ta c
km = Ub ( Rb + R )I (22)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

n tt nghip

T phng trnh (22) ta c phng trnh c tnh c in.

bd

bd

+ Ru

dm

I (23)

dm

Phng trnh c tnh c

bd

dm

R +R
( K dm)
bd

(24)

Vi M =kmI
Trong m l t thng nh mc ca ng c, m = const.
Tc khng ti l tng
0 =

bd

dm

cng ca c tnh c
=

(k dm)
R +R
bd

Ta thy tc khng ti l tng khng ph thuc vo M, I m ph thuc vo Ub .

Ub = kaUk
Trong : ka l h s khuych i ca b bin i
Uk l in p iu khin
T suy ra :

0 =

kU
a

dk

= f(Uk)

dm

T phng trnh (23) v (24) ta c th c tnh c biu din nh sau.

01
02
03
04

T T N

U
U
U
U

dk 1

dk 2

dk 3

dk 4

M,I

Hnh 1-9 : th c tnh c in khi Ub thay i

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

10

n tt nghip

T th ta thy, khi Ub thay i th ta c nhng tc khng ti l tng khc

nhau, cn cng c tnh c khng i v c tnh iu chnh dc hn c tnh t
nhin.
Nhn xt :
- iu chnh tc trong bt k vng ti no, k c khng ti l tng , c
tnh c iu chnh tuy mm hn c tnh t nhin nhng cng hn phng
php dng bin tr v thay i kt
- Tc ln nht max = 0 -

dm

- iu khin phc tp, vn u t ln nhng n l phng php tt hn so

vi hai phng php trn
Kt lun : Sau khi phn tch ba phng php iu khin nu trn th phng php
iu khin bng thay i in p phn ng l tt hn c . Cho nn em chn phng
php lm phng php nguyn cu cho ti ca em.
3. CC B BIN I IU CHNH TC NG C MT CHIU KCH
T C LP BNG THAY I IN P PHN NG .
- Hin nay trong cng nghip ngi ta thng s dng ba loi b bin i sau:
+ B bin i my pht in mt chiu
+ B bin i xung p mt chiu
+ B bin i chnh lu c iu khin
- Tng ng vi vic s dng cc b bin i ta c cc h truyn ng sau:
+ H my pht ng c ( F )
+ H iu chnh xung p ng c ( XA )
+ H chnh lu Tiristo ng c ( T )
3.1. H thng my pht - ng c ( F ):
- S nguyn l:
U

F
CSC

KT

KT

Hnh 1-10 : S nguyn l h thng F

Gi thit f = const, sc in ng ca my pht Ef = f( Iktf ) theo qui lut ng
cong t h, nu coi my pht khng bo h th ng thng nn.
Ef = kfff = kffIktf (25)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

11

n tt nghip

Trong : kf =

PN
: H s cu trc ca my pht
2 a

f : T thng kch t my pht

: H s gc ca ng c tnh t h ( xem l ng thng)

I ktf

Iktf : Dng kch t ca my pht

Nu dy qun kch t ca my pht c cp bi ngun p l tng Ukf th :

U
r

Ikf =

kf

kf

Nh vy sc in ng lc ny t l vi in p kch thch bi h s hng s l kf .

Lc ny c th coi gn ng my pht in mt chiu kch t c lp l mt b
khuych i tuyn tnh.
Ef = kfUkf
- Phng trnh c tnh c in:

k
k

Ukf d

R
I
k

(26)

- Phng trnh c tnh c:

k
k

Ukf d

(k d d )

(27)

Vi R = Rf + R
Trong Rf : in tr phn ng ca my pht
R : in tr phn ng ca ng c
- Tc khng ti l tng :
0 =

kU
k
f

kf

= var = f(Uk)

cng c tnh c:
=

(k d d )
R +R
uf

= const

ud

Nhng biu thc trn chng to rng khi thay i dng in kch t ca my th
iu chnh c tc khng ti ca h thng, cn cng ca c tnh c th gi
nguyn, do c tnh c iu chnh l mt h cc ng thng song song nhau

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

12

n tt nghip

TTN

K Fm

< 0

Hnh 1-11 : th c tnh c ca h F ng vi Ukf thay i

Thng thng Rf R nn =

1
tn
2

- Nu cho my pht kch t thun Ukt>0 th c tnh na trc >0

- Nu cho my pht kch t nghch Ukf <0 (o kch t) th Ef <0 th c tnh
pha trc <0
- Mi c tnh cho ta mt tc lm vic
- Trng hp Ukf =0 th Ef =0 ng c lm vic ch hm ng nng.
- Hm ti sinh khi gim tc hoc khi o chiu dng kch t, hm ngc
cui giai on hm ti sinh khi o chiu hoc khi lm vic n nh vi m
men ti c tnh cht th nng
Nhn xt :
- u im : H truyn ng F c s chuyn i trng thi lm vic rt linh
hot, kh nng qu ti ln, chi ph iu khin nh v iu khin d dng, cho
php ng c lm vic c c 4 gc phn t ca mt phng c tnh c.
- Nhc im : H F dng nhiu my in quay, gy n , cng sut lp t
my t nht gp ba ln cng sut ca ng c chp hnh , vi ti ca em
cho cng sut ng c l 6 kw th cng sut lp 18 kw. Kh iu chnh
tc su v my pht mt chiu c t d v dc tnh t h c t tr . Mt
khc h thng cng knh, chim nhiu din tch t ( khng kinh t), hiu
sut ca h thng thp =

P
P

ra

vao

P
P +P
dc

codc
mf

+ Pdckdb

= 0,3 . Vn u t ban u

cao
3.2. H truyn ng iu chnh xung p ng c:
B bin i xung p l b ngun in p dng iu chnh tc ng c in
mt chiu, phn ch yu ca n l b ngun p v b kh iu khin.
S nguyn l v in p :
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

13

n tt nghip
U
k

I
+

KT

t
0

t t
2

t t
4

t
5

Hnh 1-12 : S nguyn l v in p ca h xung p ng c

ci thin dng in phn ng, ngi ta mc thm van m D0 . Gi thit van
m D0 l van l tng, ngha l van c st p thun U =0 v dng in ngc Ing
=0 , kh k c th l Tiristor hoc Transistor. i vi ng c cng sut ln th phi
dng Tiristor.
Khi ng, ct kh k trn phn ng ng c s c in p bin i theo dng xung
vung.
Khi trng thi dng lin tc, gi tr trung bnh ca in p t ln phn ng ca
ng c l :
Ud =

t
1 1
Udt = t1 U =U

Trong : t1 l thi gian kh k ng

= t1 l rng ca xung p

Nh vy, c th coi b bin i xung ng tr vi ngun lin tc, c in p ra Ud =

var bng cch thay i rng ca xung p . V thi gian mt chu k ng ct kh
k rt nh so vi hng s thi gian c hc ca h truyn ng nn ta c th coi tc
v sc in ng phn ng ng c l khng i trong khong thi gian T
c tnh ca h iu chnh xung p ng c.
- c tnh c in :
=

U
K

dm

R +R
u

bd

dm

- c tnh c :
=

U
K

dm

R +R
( K dm)
u

bd

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

14

n tt nghip

Khi thay i rng xung ta c h ng thng song song vi tc khng ti

U
l tng 0i =
K

(K

dm

dm)
= var v cng =
R +R
u

= const, th c tnh c gm

bd

hai on thng ng vi hai ch dng in lin tc v dng in gin on.

Bien lien tuc

01

02

=1

03

04

M,(I)
4

=0
Hnh 1-13: th c tnh c ca h xung p ng c.
Vy c tnh s khng cn ng khi dng in nh, h s chuyn t trng thi
dng lin tc sang trng thi dng gin on .
Nhn xt:
- u im: + B ngun iu p xung thng cn t van iu khin nn vn u t
nh, h n gin, chc chn , d iu khin
+ cng c tnh c ln
+ Khi thay kh k bng van c iu khin th c th thit lp
h t ng vng kn
- Nhc im : V in p dng xung gy tn tht ph kh ln trong ng c do
thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in, nm trong di cng sut nh.
3.2. H bin i van Tiristor ng c (T ):

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

15

n tt nghip

S nguyn l :

U = va r

KT
-

Hnh 1-14 : S nguyn l ca h T

B bin i van Tiristor l mt loi ngun in p mt chiu, n trc tip bin i
dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu. Vic iu chnh in p u ra ca b bin
i, c thc hin bng cch iu chnh gc m ca van.
in p chnh lu Ud0 (in p khng ti u ra) c dng p mch vi s ln p
mch l n trong mt chu k 2 ca in p s cp ca my bin p lc.
S hnh tia n=m vi m l s pha
S hnh cu n=2m
Gi s in p cp cho b bin i van c dng
U2 = U2msint
Ta bit sau mt chu k dng in v in p lp li nn ta ch cn xt cho mt
chu k l , coi in tr van Rv =0
S thay th ca mch .
Mt b bin i van c th bao gm : My bin p lc, t van , khng lc, thit b
bo v v h thng iu khin.
S thay th c dng sau

VAN

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

16

n tt nghip

Hnh 1-15: S thay th chnh lu Tiristor ng c mt chiu

Khi van dn ta c phng trnh
U2 E = IR + L

dI
dt

(28)

R = Rba + R + Rkt
L = Lba + L + Lkt
Nhn xt :
- u im : H (T ) tc ng nhanh,tn tht nng lng t, kch thc v
trng lng nh, khng gy n v d t ng ha do cc van bn dn c h
s khuych i ln, iu rt thun tin cho vic thit lp cc h thng t
ng iu chnh nhiu vng nng cao cht lng cc c tnh tnh v cc
c tnh ng ca h thng
- Nhc im : Do cc van bn dn c tnh phi tuyn, dng in p chnh lu
ra c bin p mch cao, kh nng linh hot v chuyn trng thi lm vic
khng cao, kh nng qu ti v dng v p ca van km, cht lng in p
ra khng cao, gy tn tht ph v lm su iu kin chuyn mch trn c gp
Khc phc : Thit k truyn ng van c gng lm hp vng dng gin
on bng cch ni khng lc ln, tng s ln p mch, ni van m
Kt lun :
Sau khi phn tch cc h truyn ng , ta nhn thy s dng h iu chnh Tiristor
ng c l hp l nht. Tuy h ny c nhng nhc im nht nh, nhng xt v
u im th h ny c nhiu u im hn, cho nn ta s nghin cu v cc b ngun
chnh lu Tiristor.
4. GII THIU V CC B NGUN CHNH LU V O CHIU QUAY
TIRISTOR C TRNG
4.1. Chnh lu cu mt pha:
S mch in:
Vi

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

17

n tt nghip
U

U1

Ud
0

T4

T1

UT

T3

T2

Rd

0
I
0
I

IT T
;

IT T
;

2
1

t
3

Hnh 1-16: S nguyn l v dng in p, dng in ti

Hot ng ca s :
Na chu k u khi A(+), B(-) trn T c phn cc thun, cp xung iu khin cho
T1 v T3 ta c dng in chy t A T1ELdRdFT3 B. Na chu k
sau, khi B(+), A(-) cp xung iu khin cho T2 v T4 c dng chy t
BT2ELdRdFT4A. Vy ta c dng mt chiu chy qua ti.
- in p trung bnh trn ti :
Ud =0,9 U2

1 + cos
2

- Dng in chy qua van :

Ivtb =

- in p ngc ca van :
Unv = 2 U2
- Cng sut my bin p :
Sba = 1,23IdUd
Nhn xt : cc s chnh lu mt pha cho ta in p vi cht lng cha cao,
bin p mch in p qu ln, thnh phn sng hi bc cao ln iu ny khng
p ng c cho nhiu loi ti. Mun c cht lng in p tt hn chng ta phi
s dng cc s c s pha nhiu hn
4.2. Chnh lu tia ba pha:
S mch in :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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n tt nghip
B

A
0

T1

T2

T3

t
IT

0
I

IT

Ld

Id

0
I

Rd

I
F

0
I

IT

IT

t
B

UA B
U

T1 U A C

Hnh 1-17: S ng lc v dng dng, in p ti, dng in qua cc van

v in p van phi chu
Hot ng : in p pha a, b, c dch pha nhau mt gc 1200 , theo cc ng cong
in p pha, chng ta c in ca mt pha no dng hn hai pha kia trong khong
thi gian 1/3 chu k th van dn.
Khi anode ca mt van no dng hn, ta cp xung iu khin cho van . Thi
im hai in p ca hai pha giao nhau c coi l gc thng t nhin ca cc van
bn dn. Cc Tiristor ch c m thng vi gc m nh nht ti thi im giao
nhau ca hai in p ( gc thng t nhin).
Vy ta s nhn c in p ti ln nht khi cc van m gc thng t nhin.
- Tr s in p trung bnh :
Ud = 1,17 U2f cos
Vi U2f l in p pha th cp my bin p
- in p ngc m van phi chu :
Unv = 6 U2f
- Gi tr dng in hiu dng chay qua van :
Ivhd =

(vi Id = U d )
R

- Cng sut my bin p :

Sba = 1,35 Ud Id
Nhn xt :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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- So vi chnh lu cu mt pha, th chnh lu tia ba pha c cht lng in p

mt chiu tt hn, bin in p p mch thp hn, thnh phn sng hi
bc cao b hn, vic iu khin cc van bn dn trong trng hp ny cng
n gin hn.
- Pha th cp my bin p tn ti dng mt chiu, nh c bin p ba pha ba
tr m t thng li thp bin p l t thng xoay chiu khng i xng lm
cho cng sut my bin p phi ln.
- Pha th cp my bin p phi u sao c trung tnh (Y0) v dy trung tnh
phi c tit din ln hn dy pha . V dy trung tnh chu dng in ti
4.3. Chnh lu cu ba pha:
S mch in .
B

U
A
0
T2

T1

2 3

4
5

6 7

8 9

Ud

T4

T3

T6

T5

Rd

Ud

Ld

Hnh 1-18: S ng lc v ng cong in p ti khi gc m =300

Hot ng : Dng in chy qua ti l dng in chy t pha ny v pha kia, do
ti mi thi im cn m Tiristor, ta ng thi cp hai xung iu khin ( mt
xung nhm anode (+) theo s l (T1 ,T3 ,T5 ) cn xung nhm catode (-) theo
s l ( T2 ,T4 ,T6 )), th t cp xung iu khin phi ng th t pha. Khi cp
ng xung iu khin dng in s chy t pha c in p dng hn v pha c
in p m hn. Khi gc m van nh hoc ti in cm ln, trong mi khong dn
ca mt van ca nhm ny (Anode hay Catode ) th s c hai van ca nhm kia (
Catode hay Anode ) i ch cho nhau.
- Gi tr in p trung bnh ca chnh lu:
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

20

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Ud = 2,34 U2f cos
- in p ngc t ln van :
Unv = 6 U2f

vi Uf = U d
3

- Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in chy qua mi van :

Ivhd =

- Cng sut my bin p :

Sba = 1,05 Ud Id
Nhn xt : Chnh lu cu ba pha l s c cht lng in p tt hn, hiu sut
s dng my bin p cao hn. Tuy nhin y cng l s phc tp hn.
Kt lun : Sau khi phn tch cc dng s chnh lu nh trn. Vi ti l ng
c in mt chiu kch t c lp cng sut Pm = 6 (kw) khng i hi cao v cht
lng in p t vo ng c. Cho nn iu khin d dng v hiu qu kinh t
cng nh chi ph cho thit b iu khin hp l th em chn s chnh lu tia ba
pha cho ti nghin cu ca em.
4.4. CHNH LU O CHIU QUAY
4.4.1. Khi qut chung:
Chiu quay ca ng c in mt chiu ph thuc vo chiu ca m men, thay
i chiu ca m men ta c th dng hai phng php sau.
- i chiu quay bng cch i chiu dng in trong phn ng
- i chiu quay bng cch i chiu t thng, c th l chiu dng in kch
t.
i chiu quay ca ng c in lc ang quay v nguyn tc cng c th thc hin
c bng c hai phng php trn, tuy nhin trn thc t ch c dng phng
php i chiu dng in phn ng I , cn phng php i chiu quay ng c
bng cch i chiu dng kch t khng c s dng v cun kch t c nhiu
vng dy do h s t cm Lt rt ln v vic thay i chiu dng in kch t dn
n s xut hin sc in ng t cm rt cao, gy qu in p nh thng cch
in ca dy qun kch thch . Ngi ra, dng phng php o chiu t thng th
khi t thng qua tr s khng c th lm tc d tng qu, khng tt.
Ta c c tnh c ca ng c khi o chiu quay :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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0
-0

Hnh1-19 : c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp khi o chiu

quay
4.4.2. S nguyn l b chnh lu o chiu quay:
Cc b chnh lu o chiu quay l cc b chnh lu dng cho cc ng c in
mt chiu c o chiu quay v h truyn ng T o chiu c yu cu an tn
cao v c lgc iu khin cht ch. Nh phn tch trn, trong thc t o chiu
quay ca ng c ch c dng phng php i chiu dng in phn ng bng
cch ghp hai b chnh lu theo s mc song song ngc cc tnh.
S mch in :
B

T4

c
T1

T5

T2

T6

T3

CK cb2

CK cb1

Hnh 1-20 : S nguyn l chnh lu o chiu mc song song ngc

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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V s c s dng hai b chnh lu Tiristor c iu khin nn iu khin hai b

chnh lu ny, c th dng phng php iu khin chung hoc dng phng php
iu khin ring. Sau y ta nghin cu tng phng php mt.
a. Phng php iu khin ring:
Nguyn l : Trong phng php ny, khi xung iu khin c cp cho b chnh
lu ny th b kia khng c cp xung iu khin
- u im : Lm vic an tn, khng c dng in cn bng chy qua cc van.
- Nhc im : C thi gian tr khi iu khin b ny sang b kia do dng
in ng c bng khng, mch iu khin phc tp hn
b. Phng php iu khin chung:
Nguyn l : Xung iu khin c cp ng thi cho c hai b chnh lu nhng
phi m bo mt b lm vic ch chnh lu, cn b kia lm vic ch
nghch lu v in p chnh lu trung bnh ca ca hai b chnh lu l nh nhau.
Do vy, vi cc cun dy ng c c tnh cht cm khng ln th dng in ti l
lin tc, ta c.
U0 cosI = -U0 cosII
T suy ra quy lut ca gc iu khin ca phng php iu khin chung l phi
m bo:
cosI = - cosII
hay I + II = 1800 =
Nhn xt :
- u im : Tc ng nhanh, khng cn thi gian tr, mch iu khin n
gin hn.
- Nhc im : C nhng khong thi gian ngn, trong Tiristos ca hai
nhm cng thng dn n ngn mch gia hai pha tng ng .
- hn ch nh hng ca dng in ny ta phi dng thm cun khng cn
bng CKcbI v CKcbII
Kt lun : Sau khi phn tch hai phng php iu khin trn, trong mi
phng php u c u v nhc im ring. V vy em chn phng php iu
khin chung lm phng php cho ti nghin cu ca em.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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CHNG II
THIT K TNH CHN MCH NG LC
I. Chn mch ng lc:
Sau khi phn tch v so snh cc mch iu khin cng nh cc phng php
iu khin ni phn trc th em chn mch ng lc l chnh lu tia ba pha
mc song song ngc cc tnh v o chiu quay ng c dng phng php iu
khin chung lm s nghin cu cho ti m em thit k. S dc m t nh
sau:
B

T4

c
T1

T5

T2

T6

T3

CK cb2

CK cb1

Hnh 1-21: S nguyn l iu khin o chiu quay ng c mt

chiu kch t c lp
II. Tnh chn cc thng s c bn ca mch lc:
1. Tnh chn van ng lc:
- Cc van ng lc c chn da vo cc yu t c bn l : Dng ti, s
chn, iu kin to nhit, in p lm vic.
- Cc thng s c bn ca van ng lc c tnh nh sau:
1.1. in p ngc ca van c tnh:
+ in p ngc ln nht m Tiristor phi chu
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

24

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Unmax = knvU2

U
K
Unmax = knv U
K
Vi U2 =

Suy ra :

d
u

Trong : Ud l in p ti, U2 l in p ngun xoay chiu

Unmax l in p ngc ln nht m Tiristor chu c
Knv h s in p ngc
Ku h s in p ti
Knv , Ku tra bng 1 ta c knv = 6 , ku =

3 6
2

Thay vo ta c :
Unmax =

6 . .220.2
3 6

2. .220
= 460,6 (v)
3

+ in p ngc ca van cn chn l:

Unv = kdt Unmax
Trong : kdt = ( 1,6 2) h s d tr in p , ta chn kdt = 2
Vy : Unv = kdt Unmax = 2.460,6 =921,2 (v)
1.2. Dng in lm vic ca van c chn theo dng in hiu dng:
Ilv = Ihd = khd Id
Vi Id = 32,6 (A)
Cn khd l h s xc nh dng in hiu dng ( tra bng 2 ) ta c
1

khd =

= 0,58

Vy ta c : Ilv = khd Id = 0,58 . 32,6 = 18,256 (A)

Chn iu kin lm vic ca van l c cnh to nhit v y din tch to nhit ,
khng c qut i lu khng kh, vi iu kin dng in nh mc ca van cn
chn ( lc ny van cho php lm vic ti 40%Im). y ta chn Ilv= 25%Im ) ta c
Im = ki Ilv
Trong ki l h s d tr dng in chn ki = 4
Ta c : Im = 4 Ilv = 4.18,256 = 73 (A)
1.3. Chn Thyristor:
Vi cc thng s Unv = 921,2 (V)
Im = 73
(A)
Theo bng 5 ta chn 6 Thyristor loi 36RAC100A do M sn xut, c cc thng s
sau :
-in p ngc cc i ca van : Unv = 1000 (V)
- Dng in nh mc ca van : Im = 80 (A)
- nh xung dng in : Ipik = 1000 (A)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

25

n tt nghip
- Dng in ca xung iu khin : Ig = 70 (mA)
- in p ca xung iu khin : Ug = 2,5 (V)
- Dng in t gi : Ih = 20 (mA)
- Dng in r : Ir = 2 (mA)
- St p trn Thyristor ln nht trng thi dn : U = 2,3 ( V )
- Tc bin thin in p :

du
= 500 (V/s )
dt

- Thi gian chuyn mch (m v kh ) : tcm = 30 ( s )

- Nhit lm vic cc i cho php : Tmax = 125 ( 0c)
III. Tnh tn my bin p ng lc:
- Chn my bin p ba pha ba tr s u dy Y/Y0 , lm mt bng khng
kh t nhin
- Tnh chn cc thng s c bn
1. in p chnh lu khng ti:
Ud0 = Ud + Uv + Uba + Udn
Trong :
Uv = 2,3 (V) l st p trn Thyristor
Udn 0 (V) st p trn dy ni
Uba = Ur + Ux st p trn in tr v in khng my bin p .
Chn s b :
Uba = 6%Ud = 0,06.220 = 13,2 (V)
Thay vo ta c
Ud0 = 220 + 2,3 + 13,2 + 0 = 235,5 (V)
2. Cng sut ti a ca ti:
Pdmax = Ud0 Id = 235,5.32,6 = 7677,3 (W)
3. Cng sut bin p ngun cp:
Sba = ks Pdmax
Trong : ks l h s cng sut theo s ks = 1,34 theo bng 2
Pdmax l cng sut cc i ca ti
Thay vo ta c
Sba = 1,34.7,677 = 10,3 ( KVA )
4. Cng sut tnh tn my bin p:
Stt = kdt .Sba
Trong kdt = 1,11,3 : h s d tr chn kdt = 1,1
Vy Stt = 1,1.10,3 = 11,33 (KVA)
5. in p cc cun dy:
- in p pha s cp my bin p : U1 = 220 (V )
-

in p pha th cp my bin p : U2 =

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

U
K

d0
u

235,5.2
201 (V)
3 6

26

n tt nghip

6. Dng in cc cun dy:

-

Dng in hiu dng th cp my bin p (tra bng 2). T k2 = I 2 suy ra I2

1

= k2Id =
-

.32,6 = 18,9 (A) vi k2 =

Dng in hiu dng s cp my bin p :

I1 = kba I2 =

U
U

I2 =

201
.18,9 = 17,3 (A)
220

Tnh s b mch t.
7. Tit din tr st:

Tfe = k

ba

m. f

Trong : k : l h s ph thuc phng thc lm mt, k = 5 6 chn k=5,5

m : l s tr ca my bin p m =3
f : tn s ngun xoay chiu f = 50 ( Hz )
Thay s vo ta c
3

Tfe = 5,5

11,33.10
3.50

= 47,8

(cm2 )

Ta chn vt liu lm mch t bng tn cn lnh, m hiu 3405 c chiu dy mt l

0,35 (mm)
- Chn s b :
Mt t cm tr : BT = 1,2 ( T )
Tra bng 5 , 10 chn : H s tng cng kg = 1,05
S bc tr l 5
H s p cht kc = 0,915
H s in y k = 0,97
8. H s li dng li st:
kld = kc k = 0,915.0,97 = 0,887 0,89
9. Mt t cm trong gng:
Bg =

B
k

1,2
= 1,14 (T)
1,05

10. Tit din ng trn ngoi tip tr:

Tn =

T
K

fe
ld

47,8
= 53,7
0,89

(cm2)

11. ng knh tr:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

27

n tt nghip
4.T n

dT =

4.53,7
= 8,3 (cm)
3,14

Chun h ng knh tr theo tiu chun : d = 8,5 (cm)

12. ng knh trung bnh gia hai dy qun s v th cp:
d12 = a.d
Vi a =1,8 theo cng thc (2 41) trang 44
Vy ta c : d12 = 1,8.8,5 = 15,3 (cm)
13. Chiu cao s b dy qun:
l=

d 12

Trong l h s hnh dng tra bng 17b dc =2

Thay vo ta c : l =

.15,3
2

= 24,021 (cm)

Tnh tn dy qun :
14. in p ca mt vng dy:
Uv = 4,44.f.BT.Tfe.10-4 = 4,44.50.1,2.47,8.10-4 = 1,273 (V)
15. S vng dy mi pha s cp my bin p:
w1 =

U
U

220
= 173 (vng)
1,273

16. S vng dy mi pha th cp my bin p:

w2 =

U
U

.w1 =

201
.173 = 158 (vng)
220

17. Chn s b mt dng in trong my bin p:

Vi dy dn bng ng, my bin p kh chn J1 = J2 =2,75 (A/mm2)
18. Tit din dy dn s cp my bin p:
S1 =

I
J

17,3
= 6,3 (mm2)
2,75

Chn dy dn trn, m hiu B bng 20 trang 194 , cch in cp B, chun h tit

din theo tiu chun S1 = 6,16 (mm2) . Tit din dy dn k c cch in l S1 =
6,16 + 0,42 = 6,32 (mm2)
19. Tnh li mt dng in trong cun s cp:
J1 =

I
S

1
1

17,3
= 2,8 (A/mm2)
6,16

20. Tit din dy dn th cp my bin p:

S2 =

I
J

2
2

18,9
= 6,9 (mm2)
2,75

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

28

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Chn dy dn trn, m hiu B bng 20 trang 194 , cch in cp B, chun h tit

din theo tiu chun S2 = 7,07 (mm2) , kch thc dy dn k c cch in S2 =
7,07 + 0,42 = 7,23 (mm2)
21. Tnh li mt dng in trong cun th cp:
J2 =

I
S

18,9
= 2,67 (A/mm2)
7,07

2
2

22. ng knh dy k c cch in: Cch in hai pha 2 = 0,4 (mm)

- ng knh dy qun s cp :
dn1 = d1 + 2 = 2,8 + 0,4 =3,2 (mm) vi d1 tra bng 20
- ng knh dy qun th cp :
dn2 = d2 + 2 = 3 + 0,4 = 3,4 (mm) vi d2 tra bng 20
Kt cu dy qun : Thc hin dy qun kiu ng tm b tr theo chiu dc trc
23. Tnh s b s vng dy trn mt lp ca cun s cp:
w11 =

kc

n1

Trong : kc h s p cht kc = 0,915

dn1 ng knh ngi k c cch in ca dy qun s cp
l chiu cao s b dy qun
W11 =

24,021
.0,915 = 68,68 69 (vng/lp)
0,32

24. Tnh s b s lp cun s cp:

n11 =

w
w

11

173
= 2,5 (lp)
69

25. Chn s lp n11 = 3 lp: Nh vy c 173 vng chia thnh 3 lp , chn 2 lp

u c 58 (vng), lp th 3 c 57 (vng)
26. Chiu cao thc t ca cun s cp:
h1 =

wd
k
11

n1

58.0,32
= 20,3 (cm)
0,915

27. Chn ng qun dy lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy: 01 =0,1(cm)

28. Khong cch cch in t tr n cun s cp: a01 = 0,4 (cm)
29. ng knh trong ca ng cch in:
Dt = dfe + 2a01 - 201 = 8,5 + 2.0,4 2.0,1 = 9,1 (cm)
30. ng knh trong ca cun s cp:
Dt1 = Dt + 201 = 9,1 + 2.0,1 = 9,3 (cm)
31. Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun s cp: 11 = 0,1 (mm)
32. B dy cun s cp:
Bd1 = ( dn1 + 11)n11 = (0,32 + 0,01).3 = 0,99 (cm)
33. ng knh ngi ca cun s cp:
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

29

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Dn1 = Dt1 + 2 Bd1 = 9,3 + 2.0,99 = 11,28 (cm)

34. ng knh trung bnh ca cun s cp:

D +D

Dtb =

t1

n1

9,3 + 11,28
= 10,29
2

(cm)

35. Chiu di dy qun s cp:

l1 = w1..Dtb1 = .173.10,29 = 5589,7 (cm) 55,89 (m)
36. Chn b dy cch in gia cun s cp v th cp: a12 = 0,4 (cm)
Ta qun dy s cp trong , th cp ngi
Kt cu dy qun th cp :
37. Chn s b chiu cao cun th cp:
h1 = h2 = 20,3 (cm)
38. Tnh s b s vng dy trn mt lp:
w12 =

h
d

20,3
0,915 = 54,63 (vng)
0,34

kc =

n2

39. Tnh s b s lp dy qun th cp:

w
w

n12 =

12

158
= 2,87 (lp)
55

40. Chn s lp dy qun th cp: n12 = 3 (lp), chn 2 lp u mi lp c 53

(vng), lp cn li c 158 2.53 = 52 (vng)
41. Chiu cao thc t ca cun th cp:
h2 =

w d
k
12

n2

53.0,34
= 19,7 (cm)
0,915

42. ng knh trong ca cun th cp:

Dt2 = Dn1 + 2a12 = 11,28 + 2.0,4 = 12,08 (cm)
43. Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun th cp: 12 = 0,1 (mm)
44. B dy cun th cp:
Bd2 = ( dn2 + 12 )n12 = (0,34 +0,01).3 = 1,05 (cm)
45. ng knh ngi ca cun th cp:
Dn2 = Dt2 + 2 Bd2 = 12,08 + 2.1,05 = 14,18 (cm)
46. ng knh trung bnh ca cun th cp:
Dtb2 =

t2

+ Dn 2
2

12,08 + 14,18
= 13,13 (cm)
2

47. Chiu di dy qun th cp:

l2 = .w2.Dtb2 = .158.13,13 = 6514 (cm) = 65,14 (m)
48. ng knh trung bnh cc cun dy:
D12 =

D +D
t1

n2

9,3 + 14,18
= 11,74 (cm)
2

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

30

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49. Chn khong cch cch in gia hai cun th cp l: a22 = 1 (cm), chn
khong cch cch in t cun dy n gng l l0 = 1 (cm)
50. Trng lng ng : S cp
Gcu1 = 28.t.Dtb1.w1.Scu1.10-5 vi t = 3 l s tr
Gcu1 = 28.3.10,29.173.6,32.10-5 = 9,45 (kg)
Th cp : Gcu2 = 28.t.Dtb2.w2.Scu2.10-5 = 28.3.13,13.158.7,23.10-5 = 12,6 (kg)
Tnh kch thc mch t :
51. Vi ng knh tr d = 8,5 (cm): Ta chn s bc ca tr l 5 trong na tit
din tr.
l0

5
4
3
2
1

w2

w1

a22

a01

Bd
1

Bd
2

Hnh 1 : Cc bc thang ghp thnh tr v kt cu cc cun dy

52. Tn b tit din bc thang ca tr:
Theo bng 41a ta c kch thc cc tp l thp .
Th t tp
Tr (mm)
1
80 14
2
70 10
3
60 6
4
50 4
5
40 4
Tbt = 2 (8,0.1,4 + 7,0.1 + 6,0.0,6 + 5,0.0,4 + 4,0.0,4 ) = 50,8 (cm2 )
53. Tit din hiu qu ca tr:
TT = k Tbt = 0,97.50,8 49,3 (cm2 )
54. Tng chiu dy cc bc thang ca tr:
bt = 2 ( 1,4 + 1 + 0,6 + 0,4 + 0,4 ) = 7,6 (cm)
n gin trong ch to gng t, ta chn gng c tit din hnh ch nht c cc
kch thc sau.
- Chiu dy ca gng bng chiu dy ca tr : bg = bt = 7,6 (cm)
- Chiu cao ca gng bng chiu rng tp l thp th nht ca tr a=8(cm)
Tit din ca gng : Tbg = a.b = 8.7,6 = 60,8 (cm2 )
55. Tit din hiu qu ca gng:
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

31

n tt nghip

Tg = k Tbg = 0,97.60,8 = 58,976

56. S l thp dng cho mt gng:
ng =

b
80
=
= 229
0,35
0,35

(cm2 )

(l thp)

57. Tnh li mt t cm trong tr:

BT =

U
4,44. f . w .T

220
4

4,44.50.173.49,3.10

=1,16 (T)

58. Mt t cm trong gng:

Bg = BT

T
T

T
g

= 1,16.

49,3
= 0,94 ( T)
60,8

59. Chiu rng ca s mch t:

C = 2(a01+Bd1+a12+Bd2)+a22=2(0,4+0,99+0,4 +1,05)+1=6,68 (cm)
60. Tnh khong cch gia hai tm tr:
C = C + d = 6,68 + 8,5 = 15,18 (cm)
61. Chiu rng mch t:
L = 2C + 3d = 2.6,68 + 3.8.5 = 38,86 (cm)
62. Chiu cao ca tr st:
h = h1 + 2l0 = 20,3 + 2.1 = 22,3 (cm)
63. Chiu cao mch t:
H = h + 2a = 22,3 + 2.8 = 38,3 (cm)
Ta c s kt cu my bin p :

Hnh 2 : S kt cu my bin p
Tnh khi lng st :
64. Th tch ca tr:
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

32

n tt nghip

VT = 3 .TT .h = 3.49,3.22.3 = 3298,17 (cm3 ) 3,3 (dm3)

65. Th tch ca gng:
Vg = 2.Tg. L = 2.60,8.38,86 = 4725,376 (cm3 ) 4,725 (dm3)
66. Khi lng st ca tr:
M = VT . mFe
Vi mFe : Trng lng ring ca st mFe = 7,85 (kg/dm3)
Thay s vo ta c : MT = 3,3.7,85 = 25,9 (kg)
67. Khi lng st ca gng:
Mg = Vg . mFe = 4,725.7,85 = 37,09 (kg)
68. Khi lng st tn mch t:
MFe = MT + Mg = 25,9 + 37,09 = 63 (kg)
69. Khi lng ng l:
MCu = MCu1 + MCu2 = 9,45 + 12,6 = 22,05 (kg)
Tnh cc thng s ca my bin p :
70. in tr ca cun s cp bin p 750C:
Theo tiu chun quy nh, tn hao ngn mch c quy nh v nhit tnh tn
nh sau: i vi tt c cc my bin p du v kh cch in cp A, E, B l +750C
R1 =

l
S

1
1

Trong : l in tr sut ca dy dn 750C = 0,02135 (mm2/m) vi dy

ng. Thay s ta c:
R1 = 0,02135.

55,89
= 0,189 ()
6,32

71. in tr ca cun th cp my bin p 750C l:

R2 =

l
S

= 0,02135.

65,14
= 0,192 ()
7,23

72. in tr my bin p quy i v th cp:

Rba = R2 + R1( w2 )2 = 0,192 + 0,189(

158 2
) = 0,349 ()
173

73. St p trn in tr my bin p l:

Ur = Rba .Id = 0,349 . 32,6 = 11,38 (V)
74. in khng ca my bin p quy iv th cp:
Xba = 8.2(w2)2[

](a12 +

d1

hq

+ Bd 2
3

).10-7

Trong : w2 : S vng dy ca cun th cp bin p (vng)

r: Bn knh trong ca cun dy th cp (m)
h : Chiu cao dy qun (m)
a12 : B dy cch in gia cc cun dy vi nhau (m)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

33

n tt nghip

Bd1 : B dy cun s cp (m)

Bd2 : B dy cun th cp (m)
= 314 (rad/s)
Thay s vo ta c :
Xba = 8.2.1582[(

0,0604
0,99 + 1,05 -2
)(0,04 +
10 )314.10-7] = 0,199 ()
0,203
3

75. in cm ca my bin p:
Lba =

ba

0,199
= 0,00063 (H) = 0,63 (H)
314

76. St p trn in khng ca my bin p:

m. X ba I d

Ux =

, trong m l s pha

Thay s vo ta c :
Ux =

3.0,199.32,6

= 6,2 (V)

77. St p trn my bin p:

2

Uba = U r + U x =

11,38 + 6,2

= 12,96 (V)

78. Tng tr ngn mch quy i v th cp:

2

X ba = 0,349 + 0,199 = 0,4 ()

79. Tn hao ngn mch trong my bin p:
Pn = 3RbaI2 = 3.0,349.18,92 = 374 (w)
80. Tn hao ngn mch %:
Zba =

R ba +

Pn% =

Pn
S

100 =

374
100 = 3,3 (%)
11330

81. Tn hao khng ti c k n 15% tn hao ph:

P0 = 1,3Pf (MT .BT2 + Mg.Bg2 )
Trong : Pf : Tn hao ph ly khong 15%
P0 = 1,3.1,15.(25,9.1,162 + 37,09.0,942) = 101,09 (W)
82. Tn hao khng ti %:
P0% = P0 100 =
S

101,09
100 = 0,89 (%)
11330

83. Hiu sut my bin p:

=(1-

P +P
S+P +P

) =1-

374 + 101,09
= 96 (%)
11330 + 374 + 101,09

84. in p ngn mch tc dng %:

Unr% =

R .I
U
ba

100 =

0,349.18,9
100 = 3,3 (%)
201

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

34

n tt nghip

85. in p ngn mch phn khng %:

X .I
U

Unx% =

ba

0,199.18,9
100 = 1,87 (%)
201

100 =

86. in p ngn mch %:

2

Un% =

U nr + U nx

3,3 + 1,87

= 3,79 (%)

87. Dng in ngn mch my bin p:

I2nm =

U
Z

201
= 502,5 (A)
0,4

ba

88. Dng in ngn mch tc thi cc i:

-

Imax = 2 .I2nm(1+ e

.u nr

nx

Imax = 2 .502,5 (1 + e-

.0,033
0,0187 ) = 714 (A)

Imax = 714 (A) < Ipik = 1000 (A)

Trong : Ipik l nh xung dng in cc i ca Tiristor
III. THIT K CUN KHNG CN BNG :
1. Tc dng ca cun khng cn bng:
L hn ch dng in cn bng chy trong hai nhm ca s chnh lu
Xt trng hp 1 = 450 , 2 = 1350
6 .U 2

Ta c Iccm =

: Gi tr cc i ca dng in tun hn.

ct

in cm Lcb c tnh tn sao cho gi tr trung bnh Icc ca dng in tun hn,
trong trng hp ti t nht. Khng vt qu 10% gi tr nh mc ca dng in
ph ti Id.
t

I*cc =

I
I

: Gi rr tng i ca dng in tun hn .

cc

ccm

Ly Icc =10%Id =

10.32,6
= 3,26 (A)
100

Tra hnh IV.24 trang 132 (tcs) ta c I* = 0,1 ,ta c gi tr cc i ca dng in

tun hn.
Iccm =

I
I

cc
*

3,26
= 32,6 (A)
0,1

T cng thc Iccm =

6 .U 2

suy ra Xct =

ct

in cm cun dy cn bng cn c l :
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

6 .U 2

ccm

6.201
= 15,1 ()
32,6

35

n tt nghip

T cng thc Xct = Lcb suy ra Lcb =

ct

15,1
0,048 (H)
314

1. Xc nh in cm ca mch:
in cm tng ca mch l :
L = Ud(1)max/ 2 .k.m..Id(1)max
Trong : L : in cm tng trong mch
Ud(1)max : Bin thnh phn sng hi bc nht ca chnh lu
m : S ln p mch trong mt chu k (m=3)
k : Sng hi (bc mt k =1)
= 314 (rad/s)
Id(1)max : Tr hiu dng ca dng in sng hi bc mt, thng ly
Id(1)max < 10%Im
Vi Ud(1)max =

2.U d 0 . cos max

2

k .m

1 + k . m .tg
2

max

2. Xc nh gc m cc tiu v cc i:
Di iu chnh ca ng c :
D=

max
min

dm

min

Trong : m = = 105 (rad/s)

Tm min :
1

min = (Mcmax Mm )

Mcmax = Mm . kqt
Gi s ta cho ng c lm vic vi m men cn ln nht bng hai ln m men nh
mc (kqt = 2)
cng ca c tnh c :
=

(k dm)
R
u

1,86
=

0,668

= 5,179

M men nh mc ca ng c :
Mm = kmI = 1,86.32.6 = 60,636 (Nm)
Vy min = Mm(kqt 1)

= 60,636 ( 2 1 )

1
= 11,7 (rad/s)
5,179

Di iu chnh ca ng c l :
D=

dm
min

105
= 8,97 9
11,7

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

36

n tt nghip

i vi chnh lu tia ba pha, ch dng in v in p nh mc thng chn

gc iu khin ban u = 10 300 , tr s ny cn c p ng kh nng b st
p khi in p ngun li gim v st p do tng ti ca b chnh lu.
Chn gc m cc tiu min = 100
Khi gc m nh nht = min th in p trn ti l ln nht Udmax=Ud0cosmin v
tng ng vi tc ng c l ln nht max=m . Khi gc m ln nht =max
th in p trn ti l nh nht Udmin=Ud0cosmax v tng ng vi tc ng c s
nh nht =min .

U = cos = = D
U
cos

Suy ra max = arccos = arccos10 = 840

T ta c :

d max

min

max

d min

max

min

min

Bin thnh phn sng hi bc mt ca in p chnh lu l:

Ud(1)max =

2.U d 0 . cos max

1 + K + m .tg

K .m 1
2.234,8. cos 84
1 .3 1

1 + 1 .3 .tg
2

84

max

= 175,2 (V)

Tr hiu dng ca dng in sng hi bc mt :

Id(1)max = 8%Im = 0,08.32,6 = 2,608 (A)
Tr s in cm tng ca mch :
L = Ud(1)max/ 2.K .m. . Id(1)max =

175,2
2 .1.3.314.2,608

= 0,0504 (H) =50,4(mH)

in cm ca mch phn ng ng c c tnh :

L = kd

30.U dm

. I dm . ndm .P

Trong : kd = 0,2 : ng c c cun b

nm : Tc quay nh mc ca ng c (vng/pht), nm=9,55.m =
9,55.105 = 1002 (vng/pht)
Um : in p nh mc ca ng c (V)
Im : Dng in nh mc ca ng c (A)
p : S i cc , p =

60. f

dm

60.50
=3
1002

Thay s vo ta c :
L =0,2

30.220
= 0,0043 (mH) = 4,3 (H)
.32,6.1002.3

in cm ca cun khng lc thnh phn sng hi :

Lkl = L - ( L +Lba +Lcb ) = 50,4 ( 4,3 + 0,63 + 48 )<0
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

37

n tt nghip

Vy khng cn cun khng lc thnh phn sng hi bc cao.

Kt cu cun khng cn bng:
1. Tng tr cun khng cn bng:
Thng thng dy qun cun khng cn bng c tit din kh ln.V vy in tr
thun ca cun khng nh c th b qua.
Zcb = Xcb = 15,1 ()
2. in p di trn cun khng:
Uck = Zcb.Icc = 15,1.3,26 = 49,226 (V)
3. Cng sut cun khng:
Pck = Uck.Icc = 49,226.3,26 = 160,5 (W)
V cun khng chia v hai bn nn cng sut ca mi bn l
P=

ck

160,5
= 80,25 (W)
2

4. Tnh tn li st cun khng cn bng:

QFe = k

'

Trong : QFe : Tit din li thp (cm2)

P : Cng sut mt cun (W)
f = f.m = 50.3 = 150 (Hz) vi m l s ln p mch
k : H s ph thuc phng thc lm mt. Chn cun khng kh k =6
Thay s vo ta c :
QFe = 6

80,25
= 4,38 (cm2)
3.50

Chun h tit din tr theo kch thc c sn : Chn QFe=4,55(cm2)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

38

n tt nghip

5. Vi tit din tr QFe = 4,55 (cm2) ta c kt cu mch t:

a/2
H

a/2
a
b
L/2
L

6. Chn loi thp c k hiu III dy 0,35 (mm) c cc thng s sau:

a = 20 (mm) , b = 25 (mm)
7. Cun khng cn bng c tc dng va hn ch dng cn bng va hn ch
thnh phn sng hi. Khi c thnh phn dng xoay chiu bc nht I(1) chy qua
cun khng th trong cun khng xut hin mt sc in ng t cm
Eck=4,44.w.f.B.Q.kdq . Gn ng ta c th vit Eck=U=49,226 (V)
8. S vng dy cun khng cn bng:
wck =

4,44.

'

f .k

dq

.B.Q

Fe

Vi B = 1 (T), kdq = 1,1 .Theo (1 45 )

Thay vo ta c
Wck =

49,226
4

4,44.50.3.1,1.1.4,55.10

= 147,68 (vng) 148 (vng)

9. Chn mt dng in: J = 2,5 (A/mm2), chn dy ng

10. Tit din dy qun cun khng:
Scu =

32,6
= 13,04 (mm2)
2,5

11. Chn dy:

Vi tit din dy dn l Scu = 13,04 (mm2), theo bng 3 chn Scu =13(mm2) dy tit
din hnh ch nht c kch thc ab = 3,284,1(mmmm) vi cch in 0,45
(mm). Vy tit din k c cch in l Scu=3,284,1=13,45(mm)
Tnh li mt dng in :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

39

n tt nghip
J=

I
S

ck

32,6
= 2,507 (A)
13,04

12. Chn h s lp y:
kl =

W. S cu

= 0,7

CS

13. Din tch ca s mch t:

W . S cu

Qcs =

ld

148.13,45
= 28,44 (cm2)
0,7

14. Kch thc mch t:

Qcs = c.h , chn m =

h
=3
a

Suy ra : h = 3.a = 3.20 = 60 (mm)

c=

cs

18,44
= 4,74 (cm)
6

15. Chiu cao mch t:

H = h + a = 60 + 20 = 80 (mm)
16. Chiu di mch t:
L = 2.c + 2.a = 2.4,47 + 2.2 = 13,48 (cm)
17. Chn khong cch t gng n cun dy: hg = 3 (mm)
18. Tnh s vng dy trn mt lp:
w1 =

h 2 hg

60 2.3
= 13,17 (vng) ly bng 13 (vng)
4,1

19. Tnh s lp dy qun:

W
148
=
= 11,38 (lp) ly bng 12 (lp)
n1 =

w1

13

20. Chn khong cch cch in gia dy qun vi tr: a01 = 0,4(cm), cch in
gia cc lp = 0,1 (mm)
21. B dy cun dy:
Bd = ( ak + )n = (3,28 + 0,1).12 = 40,56 (mm)
22. Tng b dy cun dy:
Bd = Bd + a01 = 40,56 + 4 = 44,56 (mm)
23. Chiu di ca vng dy trong cng:
l1 = 2(a+b) + 2a01 = 2(20 + 25) +2..4 = 115,12 (mm)
24. Chiu di ca vng dy ngi cng:
l2 = 2(a +b) +2(a01 + bd) = 2(20 + 25) +2.(4 + 40,56) = 369,84 (mm)
25. Chiu di trung bnh ca mt vng dy:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

40

n tt nghip
ltb =

l +l
1

115,12 + 369,84
= 242,48 (mm)
2

26. in tr trong ca dy qun 750C:

R = 75

l .w
S
tb

= 0,02135

cu

242,48.10 .148
13,45

= 0,057 ()

27. St p trn in tr cun khng:

Ur = r.Icc = 0,057.3,26 = 0,18 (V)
28. Th tch st cun khng:
a
2

VFe = 2.a.b.h + 2 . .b.L = a.b.( 2h +L)

= 20.25.10-4(2.60 + 134,8).10-2 = 0,15 (dm3)
29. Khi lng st mt cun:
MFe =VFe .mFe = 0,15.7,85 = 1,18 (kg)
Trong : mFe l trng lng ring ca st mFe = 7,85 (kg/dm3)
30. Khi lng ng mt cun:
Mcu =Vcu .mcu =Scu .ltb .w.mcu =13,45.10-4.242,48.10-2.148.8,9 =4,29(kg)
Trong : mcu = 8,9 (kg) l trng lng ring ca ng
31. Tng khi lng st v ng ca hai cun khng l:
Khi lng st :
M = 2MFe = 2.1,18 = 2,36 (kg)
Khi lng ng :
M = 2Mcu = 2.4,3 = 8,6 (kg)
IV. TNH CHN CC THIT B BOV:
1. Bo v qu nhit cho cc van bn dn:
Khi lm vic vi dng in chy trn van c st p, do c tn hao cng sut P ,
tn hao ny sinh ra nhit t nng van bn dn. Mt khc van bn dn ch c
php lm vic di nhit cho php Tcp no , nu qu nhit cho php th cc
van bn dn s b ph hng. van bn dn lm vic an tn, khng b chc thng
v nhit, ta phi chn v thit k h thng to nhit hp l.
Tnh cnh to nhit :
Tn tht cng sut trn mt Tiristor.
P = U.Ilv = 1,6.18,256 = 29,2 (W)
Din tch b mt to nhit.
Sm =

P
K m .

Trong : P : Tn hao cng sut (W)

: chnh lch nhit so vi mi trng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

41

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Chn nhit mi trng 400C . Nhit lm vic cho php ca Tiristor l Tcp =
1250C ,chn nhit trn cnh to nhit l Tlv = 800C vy ta c chnh lch nhit
l : = Tlv Tmt = 80 40 = 400C
Km : H s to nhit bng i lu v bc x, chn Km =8 (w/m2 0C)
Vy

Sm =

P
29,2
=
= 0,0913 (m2 )
K m . 8.40

Chn loi to nhit c 7 cnh , c dng nh hnh v :

Trong:
a=10(cm),b=10(cm),c=0,2(cm),d=8,5(cm),h=10(cm),m=0,6(cm),
n=1,5(cm)
T cng thc S=2ab + 2bh + (x 1)db + 2an + 2xdc, v chn cc thng s nh trn
th ta tnh ra c s cnh to nhit x=7 cnh.
2. Bo v qu dng in cho van:
Aptmt dng ng ct mch lc, t ng bo v khi qu ti v ngn mch
Thyristor, ngn mch u ra cab bin i v ngn mch th cp my bin p
Chn Aptmt ba pha t s cp my bin p c cc thng s dc tnh nh sau
Im =1,1I1 =1,1.17,3 = 19,03 (A) , chn ptmt c dng nh mc mi cc
v in p nh mc mi cc l Im =20 (A),Um = 220 (V)
Chnh nh dng ngt mch :
Ingt = 1,2Imm= 1,2.2,5.17,3 = 51,19 (A), chn ptmt c Ingt=52(A)
Dng qu ti :
Iqt = 1,5I1 = 1,5.17,3 = 25,95 (A), chn ptmt c dng qu ti l Iqt=26(A)
Chn cu dao : Cu dao to khong cch an tn khi sa cha h truyn ng c
cc thng s nh sau
Im = 1,1I1 = 1,1,.17,3 = 19,03 (A)
Chn cu dao m hiu 5TE7113 c ba cc c cc thng s sau Um=400(V),Im = 25
(A)
1. Bo v qu in p cho van:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

42

n tt nghip

Bo v qu in p do qu trnh ng ct cc Thyristor c thc hin bng cch

mc R C song song vi Tiristor. Khi c s chuyn mch, cc in tch tch t
trong cc lp bn dn phng ra ngi to ra dng in ngc trong khong thi gian
ngn, s bin thin nhanh chng ca dng in ngc gy ra sc in ng cm
ng rt ln trong cc in cm lm cho qu in p gia anod v catod ca Tiristor.
Khi c mch R C mc song song vi Tiristor to ra mch vng phng in tch
trong qu trnh chuyn mch nn Tiristor khng b qu in p.
R1 C1
T1
Mch R1 C1 bo v qu in p do chuyn mch.
Theo kinh nghim R1=(5 30 ) (); C =(0,25 4 ) (F )
bo v xung in p t li in, ta mc mch R C nh hnh v di Nh c
mch lc ny m nh xung gn nh nm li hn tn trn in tr ng dy.

R2

C2

R2

R2

C2
C2

Mch bo v qu in p cho van t li

R2=(5 20 ) (), C2 = 4 (F )
Chn cng tc t :
Ta dng mt cng tc t m my ng c, cng tc t gm c : Ba tip im
chnh c bung dp h quang. Ba tip im ph, trong hai tip im thng m,
mt tip im thng ng
Dng in nh mc ca cng tc t : Im = 25 (A)
in p nh mc ca cng tc t : Um = 220 (V)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

43

n tt nghip

S m ch n g l c c c c th it b b o v

B
C
N
n
x an h
k
D

n
k
M

k
k

CD

AP

M BA

R2

C2

R2

C2

R2

C2

T4
R

T5
R

T1
C

T2
R

T6

T3

L C B II

LCBI

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

44

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CHNG III
TNH CHN THIT K MCH IU KHIN
I. C s l thuyt iu khin Thyristor:
Thyristor ch c m cho dng in chy qua khi c in p dng t ln cc
anode v c xung in p dng t vo cc iu khin, sau khi Thyristor m th
xung iu khin khng cn tc dng na, dng in chy qua Thyristor do thng s
ca mch ng lc quyt nh v Thyristor s kha khi dng in chy qua n bng
khng, mun m li ta phi cp xung iu khin li.
Do , vi in p hnh sin, tu thuc vo thi im cp xung iu khin m ta c
th khng ch c dng in qua Thyristor. thc hin c cc c im ny
ta c th dng hai nguyn tc sau .
Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh.
Nguyn tc iu khin nm ngang.
Hin nay iu khin Thyristor trong s chnh lu, ngi ta thng dng nguyn
tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh, nn em s dng phng php ny thit k
mch iu khin.
Ni dung ca phng php ny
Khi in p xoay chiu hnh sin t vo cc anode ca Thyristor, c th iu
khin c gc m trong in p dng anode, ta cn to mt in p ta rng
ca Urc trong vng in p dng.
Dng in p mt chiu Uk c th iu chnh c bin , ta so snh in p Uk
vi in p ta Urc. Ti thi im Uk = Urc th pht xung iu khin Xk , lc ny
Thyristor s c m t thi im pht ( Xk ) cho n khi c dng in bng
khng.
Nh vy bng cch lm thay i bin Uk , ta c th iu chnh c thi im
pht xung, tc l iu chnh c gc .
Ta c quan h = f( U dk )

U rc

S nguyn l iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

45

n tt nghip
U

U
Ur c
0
U

Uk

xung ieu khien

0
U

Ud

t1

t2

t3

t4

II. Cc yu cu i vi mch iu khin:

Mch iu khin dng to ra cc xung iu khin c rng thch hp v thay
i thi im pht xung m Thyristor ca b chnh lu. Do vy mch iu khin
quyt nh cht lng v tin cy ca b chnh lu Thyristor .
Yu cu chnh ca mch iu khin :
Ngun iu khin cn c mt bin in p v dng in ln kch thng
mt cch tin cy cho van.
Yu cu v xung iu khin :
Xung phi c rng m van, phi c sn trc thng ng m bo
chnh xc thi im m Thyristor, xung iu khin c dng xung kim.
Yu cu v tnh i xng :
B bin i c nhiu pha v vy m i xng ca cc xung iu khin gia cc
knh s quyt nh cht lng v c tnh ca h. S mt i xng ca xung iu
khin s gy ra s mt i xng khi lm vic ca mch lc v mt cn bng gi tr
trung bnh ca dng qua Thyristor lm ng c lm vic khng n nh .
Yu cu ca di iu chnh :
Di iu chnh xc nh ch lm vic ca cc b bin i v c tnh ti. Di
iu chnh phi thch hp vi tng loi b chnh lu v yu cu ca ti.
Yu cu v tin cy v c cu ca mch iu khin :
H thng phi tc ng nhanh .
Xung iu khin khng b nh hng bi s dao ng ca nhit , nhiu v in
p ngun .
Thit b d lp rp, thay th .
B iu khin n gin, gn nh, d vn hnh
III. Cu trc mch iu khin:
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

46

n tt nghip

Mch iu khin bao gm cc khu c bn sau .

on g pha

So san h tao
xung

Khuyec ai

G
K

Uk

1. Khu ng pha:
a. Nhim v ca khu ng pha: Nhn in p t anode ca Thyristor v in p
ta trng pha vi in p anode ca Thyristor. in p ta l Urc, in p ta ny
phi bin thin lin tc trong vng anode ca Thyristor.
b. Gii thiu mt s s ng pha:
S to in p ta (Urc) bng Tranzitor (Tr) v t in (c)

Hot ng ca s : Na chu k u UA>0 c dng chy tAR1D B in

p t ln cc Baz ca Tranzitor c gi tr dng, Tr phn cc ngc nn Tr kh.
T C c np ph thuc vo gi tr ngun E vi hng s thi gian T=R2C.
Na chu k sau UA<0, lc ny D b phn cc ngc , D kh cn Tr phn cc thun,
Tr dn v t C c x qua Tr.
Bng cch ny ta c in p Urc l in p ta trong vng in p A dng v trng
vi UAT .

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

47

n tt nghip

u im : in p ta bin thin tuyn tnh ph ht na chu k in p dng

anode ca Thyristor v vy c th iu khin trong sut di t 01800, s n
gin.
S to in p ta (Urc) bng b ghp quang .
+E

U
U A UAT

R2
A

R1

0
Ghep
quang

D0

U
Tr + C Ur c
-

Ur c

Hot ng : Na chu k u UA>0 , Dit phn cc ngc nn kh, dng chy t

AR1D0N. Lc ny D0 pht quang chiu vo mt ghp nn Tr thng t C x
qua Tranzitor quang .
Na chu k sau UA<0 , D0 phn cc ngc, D phn cc thun c dng i t
NDR1A, do khng pht sng, Tranzitor khng dn, t C c np t
+ER2CM thi gian np t ph thuc vo hng s thi gian T=R2C .
u im : Khng phi dng bin p ng pha, nn n gin trong ch to v lp t
Nhc im ca hai s trn l : Vic m, kh cc Tranzitor trong vng in p
ln cn 0 l thiu chnh xc lm cho vic np, x t trong vng in p li gn 0
khng c nh mun .
S to in p rng ca bng khuych i thut tn :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

48

n tt nghip

Hot ng : Na chu k u UA>0 trng pha vi in p dng anode ca Thyristor

qua khych i thut tn A1 cho ta mt chui xung chm hnh ch nht trng pha
vi in p ngun, in p dng ch nht UB qua diot D1 ti A2 tch phn thnh
in p rng ca Urc do Tr phn cc ngc b kh .
Na chu k sau UA<0 qua khuych i thut tn A1 , UB m, D1 kh lc ny Tr lm
ngn mch A2 v t C, t C x nng lng qua Tr nn Urc=0 (trong vng in p UB
m)
Vy nn u ra ca A2 chng ta c chui in p rng ca Urc gin on
u im : Tc ng nhanh, c sn rng ca dc, chnh xc cao.
c. Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut ngy cng hin i nn vi mch dc ch
to ngy cng nhiu, cht lng ngy cng cao, kch thc ngy cng gn . ng
dng cc vi mch vo thit k mch ng pha cho ta cht lng in p ta tt nn
em chn s ny.
2. Khu so snh:
a. Nhim v: So snh gia in p ta rng ca Urc vi in p iu khin Uk xc
nh thi im hai in p ny bng nhau (Uk=Urc). Ti thi im Uk=Urc th pht
lnh m Thyristor. Lnh m Thyristor c th hin bng s thay i t ngt in
p (xung in p).
b. Gii thiu mt s s khu so snh:
S khu so snh thc hin bng Tranzitor.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

49

n tt nghip

Hot ng : T 0 1Uk>UrcUb>0 Tranzitor khUra 0 . T 12

Uk<UrcUb<0 Tranzitor dnUra =0.
Nhc im: Ti cc im 1 v 3 in p ra khng phi l thng ng. V c mt
vng Tranzitor lm vic ch khuych i nn ng thc l ng 1 im
m Tiristor thiu chnh xc
S khu so snh dng khuych i thut tn :

Hot ng : in p ra Ura s b o du so vi tn hiu vo, tn hiu Urc c so

snh vi Uk ti u vo ca khuych i thut tn .
T 0 1 vi Uk>Urc Ub >0 Ura =- Ungun .
T 1 2 vi Uk<Urc Ub <0 Ura = Ungun .
u im : V c h s khuych i ln nn in p ra nhy cp thng ng,
chnh xc cao, n nh nn c th pht xung iu khin chnh xc ti
Uk= Urc.
c. V u im l c th pht xung iu khin chnh xc ti Uk = Urc nn em chn s
ny dng cho khu so snh .
3. Khu khuych i to xung:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

50

n tt nghip

a. Nhim v: To xung ph hp m Thyristor, xung m Thyristor c yu cu

:
cng sut c ngha l Uk , Ik .
rng ( rng xung iu khin phi ln hn thi gian m Thyristor) chn = 3
ln
C sn trc dc thng ng, thng gp l xung ch nht, xung kim. Mc ch
l Tiristor m tc thi, dng xung mong mun l xung ch nht, thng to ra
c l xung kim.
Cch ly gia mch iu khin vi mch ng lc. V mch iu khin c cu to
t cc linh kin in t cng sut b (in p v dng in b) cn mch lc l cc
thit b in t cng sut ln, in p cao. Cch ly thng dng bin p xung.
b. S khuych i to xung:

in p vo c dng hnh ch nht, cn m Tiristor 1 v 3 khi c xung vo th

c dng Ib c dng Ic . Dng Ic l dng ca cun in cm tng theo qui lut m,
vi s bin thin ca Ic s cm ng sang th cp bin p xung iu khin. Dng
xung dng v xung dng nng lng c ly t ngun E, cn xung m do nng
lng ca cun dy in cm x ra, nng lng ny nh.
Cng sut th ly t cng sut ca Tranzitor v bin p
rng xung c chn bng s vng dy bin p xung
Nhc im : Tranzitor c m sut t 1 2 . T 1 2 >> tx s dng d
cng sut ca Tr2 v bin p xung. hn ch dng in trung bnh qua Tr2 ta hn
ch khong m ca Tr2 bng cch ni thm mt t in . S :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

51

n tt nghip

Ti 1 c xung vo t c np c dng Ib c Ic . Theo s ny, Tr ch m

cho dng in chy trong khong thi gian np t nn dng hiu dng ca Tr b
hn .
c. chn s c thm t ni lm khu khuych i:
Nhn xt: Sau khi chn xong ba khu c bn trn, gim cng sut cho tng
khuych i v tng s lng xung kch m, nhm m bo Tiristor m mt cch
chc chn, ngi ta dng b pht xung chm cho cc thyristor.
V tn hiu ca khu so snh, gi sang tng khuych i dng xung ch nht c
rng t thi im cn pht xung iu khin cho n cui na chu k lm cho
Tranzitor dn trong thi gian di v cun s cp bin p xung c dng chy qua lu,
lm to nhit ca Tranzitor ln, lm gim tui th ca Tranzitor. Do thm khu
tao xung chm c tn s cao, trc khi vo tng khuych i. Ta a thm vo
mch cng AND vi tn hiu vo nhn t khu so snh v t b pht xung chm.
S khi:
T khau so san h
T bo phat xung chum

&

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Tan g
khuyech ai

52

n tt nghip

Mt s s khu to xung :
R3

+U
R1

R2
C1

Ur a

Ur a

555
6

R2
2

C2

R1

Vi mch 555 to xung chm cho ta cht lng xung kh tt v s cng tng i
gin.
Trong mch iu khin, thng s dng khuych i thut tn. Do ng dng
v linh kin, khu to xung chm ta cng s dng khuych i thut tn, vi li s
ny c u im hn s 555 v mc n gin hn.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

53

n tt nghip

S O NGUYEN LY MOT KENH IEU KHIEN

+E

R21

R6

A4
+

D6

R7

T1

BAX
D5

D2

R5
C2

U1
R0

+
A1
-

R3
B

D1

&

R18
F

R20

Tr
R19

D4

R8
C

D
R9

+
A3
-

Udk
E

R16

A5

R11
A2
+

Tr 2

R15

Tr 1 C1
R14

A6
+

D3

R2

R1

C3

R17

R4

R13

R12

R10

+E
T2

R26

D10

BAX
D9

R22

A7
+

&

R23

54

R25

Tr 4
Tr5

D7

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

C4

R24

D8

n tt nghip
U

U ca

U A T
t

UA
-U

U B

t
U

C +

U 0
t

UE

-U d k

t
+ U d k

U F
0

U F
1

8
U G

t
U G 1

U G
2
t
Xd k
1

Xd k
2

GII THCH NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH IU KHIN

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

55

n tt nghip

in p vo trng pha vi in p UAT ca Tiristor, qua chnh lu cu Dit, ta a

vo in p (-Ud) so snh vi in p ra ca chnh lu cu ta c in p UA
cho qua in trR1 ( gim dng) n khuych i thut tn A1 (mc theo kiu
khng o ). Cho ta in p B (UB) l mt chui xung ch nht i xng . UB>0
qua Dit D, ti khu tch phn gm t C1 v khuych i thut tn A2 (mc theo kiu
o) to ra in p rng ca Urc u ra ca A2 (Uc). Khi UB<0 lm m thng Tr1 ,
kt qu l t C x nng lng ht chun b cho ln tip theo v khuych i thut
tn A2 b ngn mch lc ny Uc=0 (Urc=0) trong vng UB<0.
u ra ca A2 ta nhn c chui in p rng ca gin on, cho Urc c c phn
1
2
1
dng v mt na m ta c UD=Uc+U0 . in p UD= Urc c bin ca UD=Urc
2

m v dng ta cng thm in p khng i U0= Urc ko Urc ln mt na

ta cho qua khu khuych i A3 mc theo kiu khng o ta c UE=Urc . in p

UE c so snh vi in p iu khin ti u vo ca A6 mc theo kiu o v
UE+Uk quyt nh du in p u ra ca A6.
in p iu khin chia lm hai nhnh mt nhnh cho qua cng o c Uk1 . Khi
Uk>0 qua khu o c Uk1 cn nhnh kia vn cn Uk>0 i vo A7
i vi T1 : T 0 1 th UE>Uk c UF l m
T 1 2 th UE<Uk c UF l dng , cn li tng t
Mch a hi A4 to xung chm u ra G cho ta mt chui xung hnh ch nht tn
s cao.
Hai tn hiu UF v UG c a vo cng AND , ng thi UF v UG trong khong
1 2 v 3 4 c cng in p dng th u ra ca cng AND c xung ra UH
lm m thng Tr2 v Tr2 m thng Tr3 . Kt qu l cun th cp my bin p xung
c mt chui xung nhn Xk a ti m T1 cn T4 ch ch sn chun b
lm vic ch nghch lu ph thuc
IV. TNH CHN MCH IU KHIN:
Mch iu khin c tnh xut pht t yu cu v xung m Thyristor nn khi tnh
mch iu khin ta phi tnh t my bin p xung ngc ti khu ng pha.
Thyristor chn c cc thng s sau .
in p iu khin Thyristor : Ug = 2,5 (V)
Dng in iu khin Thyristor : Ig = 70 (mA)
Thi gian chuyn mch Thyristor : tcm = 30 (s)
1. Tnh tn my bin p xung:
Vi thi gian chuyn mch (m v kh) tcm = 30 (s). Thyristor m v kh chc
chn ta chn, rng xung iu khin ca my bin p xung l
tx = 100 (s) v thi gian ngt l tn = 50 (s)
1.1. Tn s ca my bin p xung l:
Thi gian mt chu k xung l :
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

56

n tt nghip
Tck = tx + tn = 100 + 50 = 150 (s)

Tn s ca my bin p xung l : f =

1
Tck

1
150.106

= 6,7

(kz)

2. Chn Dit loi:

chn tt c cc dit trong mch iu khin loi 1N4004
c UN = 500 (V)
I = 1 (A)
U = 1,1 (V)
3. in p th cp my bin p xung:
U2 = Ug + UD = 2,5 + 1,1 = 3,6 (V)
4. Dng in th cp my bin p xung:
I2 = kdtIg = 1,2.70 = 84 (mA)
Vi kdt : h s d tr (kdt = 1,2)
5. Theo kinh ngim thit k my bin p xung thng ly t s bin p:
m = 2 3 , chn m = 3
6. in p t cun s cp my bin p xung:
U1 = mU2 = 3.3,6 = 10,8 (V)
7. Dng in s cp bin p xung:
I1 =

I2
84
=
= 28 ( mA )
m
3

8. Chn vt liu lm li bin p xung:

V xung iu khin l xung chm c tn s cao (6,7 kz), gim tn hao do dng
in xy gy ra, ta chn vt liu lm li st Fert HM. Li c dng hnh xuyn, lm
vic trn mt phn ca c tnh t h c : B=0,3(T),
H =30 (A/m) khng c khe h khng kh
9. Mt t thm trung bnh ca li st:
tb =

B
0,3
=
= 7962 ( H / m )
0 .H 4..10 7.30

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

57

n tt nghip

trong 0 = 4..10-7 l mt t thm khng kh.

10. Xc nh th tch li Fert:
V = Q.l =

tb . 0 .t x .s.U1.I1
B 2

Trong : Q : l tit din li Fert

l : chiu di trung bnh ng sc t
tx : rng xung
s : xt bin xung : s = 0,15
vy : V =

7962.4. .107.100.106.0,15.10,8.28.103
= 0,504.106 ( m3 )
0,32

11. Theo bng 55 ta chn li Fert hnh xuyn bng cun loi Q-18/23-4 c
kch thc l :

Q=0,1 (cm2)
l = 6,45 (cm)
V = Q.l = 0,1.6,45 = 0,645 (cm3)
QCS = 2,55 (cm2)
d = 23 (mm)
a =2,5 (mm)
b = 4 (mm)
D = 28 (mm)
12. S vng dy qun s cp bin p xung:
Theo nh lut cm ng in t
U1 = w1Q

dB
B
= w1.Q.
dt
tx

U1.t x 10,8.100.106
=
= 360 (vng)
Suy ra : w1 =
Q.B 0,1.0,3.104

13. Dng in hiu dng trong dy qun s cp:

Ihd1 =I1 t x = 28. 100 = 0, 023 ( A)
Tck

150

14. Tit din dy qun s cp:

S1 =

I hd 1
chn mt dng in 1 =4 (A/mm2)
j1

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

58

n tt nghip
S1 =

0, 023
= 0, 00575 ( mm 2 )
4

Tra bng 3 chn dy dn ng c cc thng s sau.

Scu = 0,0785 : tit din tnh tn li ng
d1 = 0,1 (mm)
ng knh ngi : D1=0,12 (mm)
in tr dy dn : r1 =2,291 (/m)
Khi lng ng : Gcu = 0,0698 (g/m)
15. ng knh trong ca cun dy:
D1 = a 2 + b2 + 2cd
cd : Cch in gia dy qun vi li t (chn cd =0,1 (mm))
D1 = 2,52 + 42 + 2.0,1 = 4,92 ( mm )
V dy dn rt nh nn coi Dtb D1 4,92 5 (mm)
16. Chiu di dy qun s cp bin p xung:
l1 =w1Dtb =.360.5 = 565,2 (cm)
17. in tr dy qun s cp:
Rw1 = r1.l = 2,291.5,652 = 12,95 ()
18. S vng dy qun th cp:
w2 =

w1
360
=
= 120 (vng)
kba
3

19. Dng in hiu dng trong dy qun th cp:

Ihd =I2 t x = 84. 100 = 0, 0686 ( A)
Tck

150

20. Tit din dy qun th cp:

S2 =

I hd 2
j2

Chn mt dng in j2 = j1 =4 (A/mm2)

S2 =

I hd 2 0, 0686
=
= 0, 01715 ( mm 2 )
j2
4

Tra bng 3 chn dy ng m hiu c.

Scu2 = 0,01767 (mm2)
d2 = 0,15 (mm)
r2 = 1,018 (/m)
mcu2 = 0,157 (g/m)
dn = 0,17 (mm)
21. Kim tra h s lp y:
kld =

s1.w1 + s2 .w2 0, 00785.360 + 0, 01767.120

=
= 0, 0194
Qcs
2,55.10 2

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

59

n tt nghip

Nh vy ca s din tch cn thit

2.1. Tnh khu khuych i cng sut:
in tr R21 dng hn ch dng vo s cp bin p xung.
R21 =

E U1
I hd 1

Ngun cung cp cho mch to xung chn E =+15 (V)

Vy R21 =

15 10,8
= 183 ()
0, 023

in p ri trn in tr R21 ch bnh thng l

UR21 = Ihd1R21 =0,023.183 = 4,2 (V)
Chn Tranristor Tr3 loi NPN , ta chn loi 2SC1040 do Nht ch to c cc thng
s sau .
in p gia Colector v Baz khi h mch Emitor l : UCB03 =45 (V)
in p gia Emitor v Baz khi h mch Colector l : UEB03 =5 (V)
in p gia Colector v Emitor trng thi kh l : UCE3 = 41 (V)
Dng in ln nht Colector c th chu c l : IC3 = 1,2 (A)
H s khuych i : 3 =15 200
Dng lm vic ca Colector khi lm vic bnh thng l .
IC3 = Ihd1 = 0,023 (A)
Dng in cp cho cc Baz ca Tr3 m thng, chn 3 =15
Ib3 =

I C 3 0, 023
=
= 0, 00153 = 1,53.103 ( A )
15
3

Chn Tr2 loi NPN, chn loi 2SC651 do Nht ch to c cc thng s sau.
in p gia Colector v Baz khi Emitor h mch : UCB02 =45 (V)
in p gia Emitor v Baz khi Colector h mch : UEB02 =4 (V)
in p gia Colector v Emitor trng thi kh : UCE2 = 41 (V)
Dng in ln nht m Colector c th chu c : IC2 =300 (mA)
H s khuych i : 2 =20 200 , chn 2 =20
Dng in cp cho cc Baz ca Tr2 m thng l
I b 3 1,53.103
= 0, 077.103 ( A )
Ib2 = =
2
20

H s khuych i ca khu khuych i l

=2.3 =

I hd 1
0, 023
=
= 300 (ln)
I b 2 0, 077.10 3

3.1. Chn cng AND loi CMOS4081:

Ngun nui VDD = +15 (V)
S chn:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

60

n tt nghip

Nhit lm vic : -400C 800C

in p ng vi mc logc 1 : 2 4,5 (V)
Dng in nh hn 1 (mA)
Cng sut tiu th : P = 2,5 (mw/1cng)
Chn t C3 v R20
in tr R20 dng hn ch dng in a vo Baz ca tranristor Tr2 chn R20
tho mn iu kin
R20

U
4,5
=
= 58, 441( k )
I b 2 0, 077.103

Chn R20 = 59 (k)

Chn C3.R20 = tx = 100 (s), suy ra C3 =

tx
100
=
= 0, 0017 ( F )
R20 59.103

in tr R19 dng x t
Tn
50.106
C3R19 = Tn , suy ra R19 = =
= 29, 4 ( K )
C3 0, 0017.106

Chn R19 = 30 (k)

4.1. Tnh chn khu so snh v khu khuych i:
Tn b mch iu khin ta dng IC khuych i thut tn loi TL084 do hng
TexasInstruments ch to
in p ngun nui Vcc = 18 (V), chn Vcc = 15 (V)
Hiu in th gia cng khng o v cng o : Ud = 30 (V)
Nhit lm vic : t = -250C 850C
Cng sut tiu th : P = 680 (mw)
Tng tr u vo : Rin = 106 ()
Dng in u ra : Ira = 30 (pA) , thng chn dng vo khong 1 (mA)
Tc bin thin in p cho php :

du
= 13 (V / s )
dt

Ta c s chn :

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

61

n tt nghip

Thng chn R17 =

Vcc
15
=
= 15 ( K ) = R22 = 15 ( K )
I vao 1.103

Chn R18 = R23 = R16 = 5 (K), R13 =R14 =R15 =R21 = 15 (K)
Chn chit p R12 = 50 (K), chit p R10 =50 (K)
Chn R8 = R9 = 15 (K), R11 = 30 (K)
5.1. Tnh khu ng pha:
Thi gian np t C1 l : tnp = R3.C1
in p rng ca tuyn tnh trong chu k in p dng anode ca Thyristor ta
phi chn tnp T1/2 chu k vi tn s li f =

1
( Hz )
50

1 1
=
= 0, 02 ( s )
f 50
T
0, 02
Thi gian chu k l : T1/2ck = ck =
= 0, 01( s )
2
2

Thi gian mt chu k l : Tck =

Chn thi gian np t l : tnp = 0,01 (s)

Chn t C1 = 1 (F) 16 (V)
Vy R3 =

tnap
C1

0, 01
= 10 ( K )
1.106

Ta chn R3 l bin tr 20 (K), chn bin tr R0 = 30 (K), chn in tr

R=5(K).
Chn Tranristor Tr1 loi PNP m hiu A564 c cc thng s sau
in p gia C v B khi E h mch l : UCB01 = -25 (V)
in p gia E v B khi C h mch l : UEB01 = - 7 (V)
Dng in ln nht Colector c th chu c l : Ic1 = 100 (mA)
H s khuych i : 1 = 250
Nhit ln nht mt tip gip l : Tcp = 150 0C
Dng in cc i ca Baz l : Ib1 =

I c 100
=
= 0, 4 ( mA )
250

in tr R2 dng hn ch dng i vo Baz ca Tranristor Tr1 c chn nh sau

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Chn R2 sao cho Ib2 0,4 (mA). Vy ta c R2 =

U N max
15
=
= 37,5 ( K )
IB
0, 4.103

Chn R2 = 38 (K)
Chn in p xoay chiu ng pha : U2 = 9 (V)
Ta dng R1 hn ch dng vo khuych i thut tn dc tnh nh sau
R1 =

U2
9
=
= 9 ( K)
I v 1.103

in p ta rng ca ln nht l.
Urc =-

1
R3 .C1

tnap

'

dt

Ta bit UB = Vcc = 15 (V)

UB =UB - UD = 15 1,1 = 13,9 (V)
Thay s vo ta c
Urc = -

1
3
10.10 .1.106

0,01

13,9dt =
0

13,9.0, 01
= 13,9 (V )
102

Ukmax =Ukkhi min

=18 20

Ta ly = 200 suy ra Ukmax < Urcmax ta c

Ukmax = Urcmax.cosmin = 13,9.cos200 = 13,06 (V)
Ta iu chnh chit p R10 ly U0 =

U rc max 13,9
=
= 6,59 (V )
2
2

Urc c na m v na dng th U0 = 6,59 (V) v cho qua khuych i A3 mc

theo kiu khng o ta c Urcmax = 13.9 (V)
6.1. Tnh khu to xung chm:
Mch to xung chm c tn s
f=

1
1
=
= 5 ( Kz )
2t x 2.100.106

Chu k ca xung chm l : T =

1
1
=
= 200 ( s )
f 5.103

Chn R4 = R5 = 15 (K), th T = 2,2R6C2 = 200 (s)

Chn t C2 = 1 (F) 16 (V) . Vy R6 =

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni

200.106
T
=
= 91( )
2, 2C2 2, 2.1.106

63

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Chn in tr R6 l bin tr 2 (K) thun tin cho vic iu chnh khi lp mch,
chn in tr R7 dng hn ch dng ra ca mch xung chm c gi tr R7 = 5
(K)
Tn mch iu khin dng 21 khuych i thut tn nn ta dng 6 IC TL084 , 6
cng AND dng 2 IC CMOS4081 , dng 3 Tranristor loi PNP m hiu A564 , 12
Tranristor loi NPN gm 6 Tranristor m hiu 2SC651 v 6 Tranristor m hiu
2SC1040
7.1. Tnh chn ngun cp cho mch iu khin v bin p ng pha:
Cun th cp ca mi pha w2 c chia ra lm hai phn bng nhau c trung tnh
gia
Ngun nui in p dng trong mch iu khin l mt ngun in p n nh v vy
ta phi dng IC n p
Theo bng IX.3-[8], cn to ngun cung cp 15 (V) ta chn IC n p loi 7815 c
cc thng s sau : UVo = 35 (V) ; Ura = +15 (V) ; Iti = 1,5 (A) v loi 7915 c cc
thng s sau : Uvo = 40 (V) ; Ura = -15 (V) ; Iti = 1,5 (A)
Ta c s mch to ngun nui nh hnh v sau :

1. Cng sut ca khu khuych i cng sut:

P1 =6.I1max.E = 6.0,3.15 = 27 (w)
2. Cng sut tiu th ca mch ng pha:
P2 = 3.Iv.U2 = 3.1.10-3.9 = 0,027 (w)
3. Cng sut tiu th cho IC TL084 l:
P3 = 6. 0,68 = 4,08 (w)
Ngi ra cng sut tiu th ca cng AND v cc b iu chnh chim khong 5%
4. Do ta c cng sut s dng ngun nui:
Pn = 1,05 (P1 + P2 + P3 ) = 1,05 ( 27 +0,027 + 4,08 )= 33 (w)
5. Cng sut my bin p c k n h s d tr trong my:
S = kdt.Pn = 1,1.33 = 37 (VA)
Trong kdt =1,1 : H ss d tr ca my
6. Dng in th cp my bin p:
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64

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I2 =

S
37
=
= 1,37 ( A )
3U 2 3.9

7. Dng in s cp my bin p:
I1 =

S
37
=
= 0, 034 ( A )
3U1 3.380

8. Tit din tr my bin p c tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim:

QT = ka

S
37
= 6.
= 2,97 ( cm 2 )
3.50
m. f

Trong ka =6 : H s ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt .

m = 3 : S tr t dy qun my bin p .
f = 50 (Hz) : Tn s in p li .
9. Chun tit din theo bng [ 3 ]:
QT = 2,91 (cm2) , chn l thp c b
dy 0,35 (mm).
Loi III c a b =20 20
A = 20 (mm)
B = 20 (mm)
H = 50 (mm)
H s p cht kc = 0,9

Hnh 1.7.1 : Kch thc mch t bin p .

10. Chn mt t cm trong tr: BT = 1 (T)
11. S vng dy qun s cp:
W1 =

U1
380
=
= 5882 (vng)
4, 44. f .B.QT 4, 44.50.1.2,91.104

12. Chn mt dng in: J1 = J2 = 2,5 (A/mm2)

13. Tit din dy qun s cp:

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S1 =

I1 0, 034
=
= 0, 0136 ( mm 2 )
J1
2,5

14. ng knh dy qun s cp:

4 S1

d1 =

4.0, 0136

= 0,1316 ( mm )

Chun h d1 = 0,14 (mm), ng knh k c cch in l dn1 = 0,16(mm)

15. S vng dy qun th cp:
W2 =W1 U 2 = 5882. 9 = 140 (vng)
U1

380

16. Tit din dy qun th cp:

S2 =

I 2 1,37
=
= 0,548 ( mm 2 )
J 2 2,5

17. ng knh dy qun th cp:

d2 =

4S

4.0548

= 0,836 ( mm )

Chun h ng knh d2 =0,86 (mm), ng knh k c cch in l dn2=0,92(mm)

18. Chn h s lp y: kl = 0,7

d n12 w1 + d n 2 2 w2 )
(
Vi kl = 4
c.h

19. Chiu rng ca s mch t:

d n12 w1 + d n 2 2 w2 )
0,162.5882 + 0,922.140 )
(
(
= 4
= 6 ( mm )
C=4
kld h
0, 7.50

Chn C = 8 (mm), trong 8 - 6 = 2 (mm) dng cho cch in li, s cp, th cp .

20. Chiu rng tn b mch t:
L = 2C +3a = 2.8 + 3.20 = 76 (mm)
21. Chiu cao mch t:
H = h + 2a = 50 + 2.20 = 90 (mm)
8.1 Tnh chn Dit cho ngun nui:
1. Dng in hiu dng qua Dit:
IDhd =

I 2 1,37
=
= 0,97 ( A )
2
2

2. in p ngc ln nht m Dit chu c:

UNmax = 6.U 2 = 6.9 = 22 (V )
3. Chn Dit c dng nh mc:
Im ki.IDhd = 10 .0,97 = 9,7 (A)
4. Chn Dit chu c in p ngc ln nht l:
UN = kuUNmax = 2.22 = 44 (V)
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5. Chn 12 Dit loi: B 15 c UN = 100 1000 (V), dng hiu dng trung bnh l
Itb = 15 (A)

CHNG IV
TNH CC THNG S V C TNH CA H THNG H
1. Tnh cc thng s:
Cc thng s cho
U = 200 (V)
Im = 32,6 (A)
R = 0,668 ()
= 105 (rad/s)
km = 1,86 (vs)
in tr ca b bin i .
Rb = Rv + Rba + Rkcb + R
Trong : Rv : in tr ca van Rv 0
Rba = 0,349 () : in tr ca my bin p
Rk cb = 0,057 () : in tr ca cun khng cn bng
m
xba : in tr ng tr do chuyn mch van
2
3
Vy Rb = 0,349 + 0,057 +
.0,199 = 0,501( )
2

R =

in tr tng ca c mch l .
R = R + Rb = 0,668 + 0,501 = 1,169 ()
cng c tnh c ca h .

( Kdm )
CL =
R

1,862
=3
1,169

tc ca h i qua im lm vic nh mc th ta c.
h =

U d 0 = 235.5 = 126, 6 ( rad / s )

k dm 1,86

c tnh c khng ti ca ng c .
o = m +

dc

= 105 +

60, 6
= 116, 7 ( rad / s )
5,179

c tnh c thp nht ca h h .

min =

dm
D

105
= 11, 67 ( rad / s )
9

Tc khng ti l tng thp nht ca h .

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0min = min +

M dm

CL D

= 11, 67 +

60, 6
= 31,87 ( rad / s )
3

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2. th c tnh c ca h h:

TTN }

} h
b

3. nh gi cht lng ca h h:
T th c tnh c, ta thy c tnh ca h mm hn c tnh t nhin ca ng
c.
St tc tnh ca ng c khi in p ngun khng i .
TN =

Ru
0, 668
Iu =
32, 6 = 11, 7 ( rad / s )
Kdm
1,86

St tc tnh ca h ng vi ti nh mc .
h =

R
1,169
Iu =
32, 6 = 20, 48 ( rad / s )
Kdm
1,86

Di iu chnh .
D=

dm
105
=
=9
min 11, 67

Sai s cho php ca h h .

Scp =

he

0 min

20, 48
= 0, 64 ( rad / s )
31,87

Hiu sut ca h h .
h =.CL
Hiu sut ca chnh lu ch nh mc .
CL =

U d .I d
220.32, 6
=
= 0, 7
3U f .I f .cos 3.201.18,9.cos 200

ly = 200
Hiu sut ca ng c .
=

Pra
6.103
=
= 0,84
Pvao 220.32, 6

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69

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Hiu sut ca h .
h =.CL = 0,7.0,84 = 0,59
Kt lun:
T th c tnh c ta thy c tnh c ca h Chnh lu ng c mm hn
c tnh t nhin ca ng c khi cha c b bin i. Nguyn nhn l v in
tr ca b bin i gn bng in tr ca ng c nn lm cho c tnh c ca
h mm hn c tnh t nhin. c tnh c ca h c cng hn ta thit k
mch vng lm phn hi tc v phn hi dng in, th khi c tnh c
ca h s cng hn v phm vi iu chnh s rng hn. Nhng v thi gian c
hn vi li thy khng yu cu tnh mch vng phn hi nn em khng tnh

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70