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T ng quan v a ch IP

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N i Dung
Khi ni m a ch IP Khi ni m v thu t ng lin quan Gi i thi u cc l p a ch IP Chia m ng con (subnetting)

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 a Ch IP
Khi ni m:
L a ch c c u trc, c chia thnh 3 ph n: Class_bit, Network_ID v Host_ID L 1 con s c kch th c 32bit, chia thnh 4 ph n (Octec), m i octec c kch th c 8bit

Cch trnh by:

K php th p phn: (Vd: 172.16.1.100) K php nh phn: (Vd: 10101100 00010000) K php th p l c phn: (Vd: 82 39 1E 38)

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 a Ch IP

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 a Ch IP
IPV4 nh ngha ba d ng a ch : unicast, broadcast, v multicast :
M t a ch unicast cho php thi t b g i d li u n m t ni nh n duy nh t M t a ch broadcast cho php thi t b g i d li u n t t c cc host trong m t m ng M t a ch multicast cho php thi t b g i d li u t i t t c cc host trong m t nhm xc nh tr c

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

a ch Host a ch m ng (Network Address) a ch Broadcast M t n m ng (Network Mask)

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

a ch Host:
L a ch IP c th dng t cho cc Interface c a cc my tnh Hai my n m thu c cng m t m ng th c Network_ID gi ng nhau nhng c Host_ID khc nhau

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

a ch m ng (Netword Address)
L a ch IP dng t cho cc m ng, a ch ny khng dng t cho cc Card m ng Ph n Host_ID c a a ch ch ch a cc bit 0 Vd: 192.168.1.0

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

a ch Broadcast
L a ch IP c dng i di n cho t t c cc Host trong m ng Ph n Host_ID ch ch a cc bit 1 a ch ny khng th t cho cc Host Vd: 255.255.255.255

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

M t n m ng (Network Mask)
L 1 con s di 32bit , l phng ti n gip my tnh xc nh c a ch m ng

M t n m ng m c nh c a cc l p:
L p A: 255.0.0.0 L p B: 255.255.0.0 L p C: 255.255.255.0

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

Cc php ton lm vi c trn bit:
AND: l php ton gip cho my tnh c th phn bi t c Net_id v host_id Cng th c: A 1 1 0 0 Php AND B 1 0 1 0 A v B 0 0 0

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

Vd: 155.20.150.200 255.255.0.0 Tr c khi AND ta ph i i ra s nh phn:
10011011.00010100.10010110.11001000 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 AND

-------------------------------------------10011011.00010100.00000000.00 000000 => Subnet Address: 155.20.0.0

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

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Khi Ni m V Thu t Ng Lin Quan

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Cc l p:
Class A: 0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh Class B: 10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh Class C: 110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh Class D: 1110nnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh Class E: 11110nnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh

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Cc L p a Ch IP

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class A:
S d ng 8bit lm Net_id, 24bit lm Host_id Tr i bit 0 u tin nh n bi t l p A Cn 7bit lm Net_id: t 0|0000001 (1) n 0|1111111 (127) => 27-2 = 126 m ng (Net_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class A:
S d ng 24bit lm Host_id: t : 00000000.00000000.00000001 (min) n: 11111111.11111111.11111110 (max) => 224-2 = 16.777124 my (host_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class A:
Suy ra kho ng a ch c a l p A: T : 1.0.0.1 -> 126.255.255.254 Vd: 10.0.0.100 l 1 a ch l p A Vd i v i m ng 10.0.0.0 th gi tr host h p l l: 10.0.0.1 n 10.255.255.254

Ch :
a ch 127.0.0.1 l a ch m c nh c a t t c cc my

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class B:
S d ng 16bit lm Net_id, 16bit lm Host_id Tr i 2bit 10 u tin nh n bi t l p B Cn 14bit lm Net_id: t : 10|000000.00000000 (128.0) n: 10|111111.11111111 (191.255) => 214 = 16.384 m ng (Net_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class B:
S d ng 16bit lm Host_id: t : 00000000.00000001 (min) n: 11111111.11111110 (max) => 216-2 = 65.534 my (host_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class B:
Suy ra kho ng a ch c a l p B: T : 128.0.0.1 -> 191.255.255.254 Vd: 172.16.3.4 l 1 a ch l p B Vd i v i m ng 172.16.0.0 th gi tr host h p l l: 172.16.0.1 n 172.16.255.254

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class C:
S d ng 24bit lm Net_id, 8bit lm Host_id Tr i 3bit 110 u tin nh n bi t l p C Cn 21bit lm Net_id: t : 110|00000.00000000.00000001 (192) n: 110|11111.11111111.11111110 (223) => 221 = 2.097.152 m ng (Net_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class C:
S d ng 8bit lm Host_id: t : 00000001 (min) n: 11111110 (max) => 28-2 = 254 my (host_id)

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class C:
Suy ra kho ng a ch c a l p C: T : 192.0.0.1 -> 223.255.255.254 Vd: 192.168.3.4 l 1 a ch l p C Vd i v i m ng 192.168.1.0 th gi tr host h p l l: 192.168.1.1 n 192.168.1.254

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Cc L p a Ch IP
Class D v E:
Cc a ch c byte u tin n m trong kho ng 224 n 255 l cc a ch thu c l p D, E Hai l p ny khng s d ng t cho cc host

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Subnetting
Vd: Xc nh cc thng tin lin quan n a ch sau: 10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

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Xc nh l p m ng Xc nh Default mask tng ng Xc nh Net_id (c th AND) Xc nh Range Max c a subnet m i Xc nh a ch Broadcast

Subnetting
Vd: M t my X c a ch 140.20.150.100 Xc nh cc thng s lin quan n my X
Xc nh l p m ng Xc nh Default mask tng ng Xc nh Net_id (c th AND) Xc nh Range Max c a subnet m i Xc nh a ch Broadcast

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Subnetting
Chia m ng con (Subnet)
Khi ta chia m t Network ra thnh nhi u Network nh hn, cc Network nh ny c g i l Subnet

Vd1:
Hy xt n m t a ch IP 150.12.0.0, v i subnet mask l 255.255.0.0 Gi s chng ta chia ci Network ny ra lm 4 Subnet

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Subnetting
Vd2:
Hy xt n m t a ch IP 192.168.1.0/24 v i subnet mask l 255.255.255.0 Gi s chng ta chia ci Network ny ra lm 8 Subnet

Vd3:
Hy xt n m t a ch IP 10.0.0.0/8 v i subnet mask l 255.0.0.0 Gi s chng ta chia ci Network ny ra lm 2000 Subnet

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Subnetting
Vd4:
Hy xt n m t a ch IP 172.16.0.0/16 v i subnet mask l 255.255.0.0 Gi s chng ta chia ci Network ny ra lm 1000 Host

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Subnetting
Cho a ch IP: 172.16.8.159 v subnet mask tng ng 255.255.255.192. Xc nh a ch Broadcast c a IP trn?
A.172.16.255.255 B.172.16.8.127 C.172.16.8.255 D.172.16.8.191

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Subnetting
Cho a ch IP: 172.16.99.99 v subnet mask tng ng 255.255.192.0. Xc nh a ch Broadcast c a IP trn?
A.172.16.127.255 B.172.16.99.255 C.172.16.255.255 D.172.16.64.127

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Tri n Khai t IP
M t m ng LAN c a 1 Cty c nhu c u k t n i m ng cho 10 PC v i cc yu c u sau:
S d ng a ch IP sao cho ph h p (c th l l p A, B, C) Cc PC ny c th giao ti p d li u v i nhau Ph i k t n i ra Internet v i:
- a ch c a Modem ADSL: 192.168.10.254 - a ch DNS c a ISP: 203.162.4.190

C u hnh a ch IP tnh cho cc my S d ng l nh Ping ki m tra thng m ng

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