PHN III.

Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr

2. Lp k hoch cho cng tc bo tr

Trong nhng nm va qua cng tc bo tr i hi mt nh hng cao ti kh nng cnh tranh ca mt doanh nghip. Trong khi chi ph vt liu sn xut khng i v chi ph nhn s gim th thng qua vic t ng ha v kt ni dy chuyn ngy cng cao ca thit b th chi ph bo tr v nng lng li c khuynh hng tng. y trong lnh vc bo tr ca doanh nghip n cha mt s i hi hp l ha tng ln. Vi vic i vo chc nng t chc cu trc chun b cng vic trong b phn bo tr a ra mt cng c hot ng, m vi chi ph bo tr tng c th b tc dng ngc li bi cc ch dn ti u. Theo REFA th vic chun b bao gm tt c cc bin php lp k hoch v kim sot ng phng php vi mc tiu nhm t c: Ti u ha hao tn v kt qu lm vic. Trong nhiu cc doanh nghip th tim nng chun b cng tc cn cha c tn dng hon ton. Mt nguyn nhn y thng l mt s vic hnh thnh nh sau, phn nhiu cc hp ng khng c lp k hoch (Cc s c) c mt khong hp ng nh t mt vi pht n di tm gi. Mt con s ln cc hp ng v s c ngn kch thch mt n tng vic qun l v cc qun c l cc hp ng bo tr th khng th lp k hoch. Thng qua vic phn tch chnh xc c th c ci chnh cho n tng ny. Nhng nh vy nhim v chun b cng tc phi l khai trin chnh thc theo kh nng tt nht ngay c cc hp ng c quy m nh hn, vy tnh trng dng thit b khng c di bt hp l bi mt hao ph lp k hoch qu cao. Kinh nghim trong cc doanh nghip t chc tt ch ra ngc li l: Cc bin php chun b cng vic c th ng gp nhiu cho vic khai trin hp ng ng nguyn tc. c bit l thi gian ch i c th c gim thiu v tha thun thi hn thiu vi sn xut. Tim nng s dng vic chun b cng vic c xc nh theo c trng ca doanh nghip. Theo nguyn tc c th a ra bi Mt t chc qu trnh tt ca qu trnh thc thi bo tr, Mt s thng sut cao trong cc hin tng bo tr lin quan ti nhn s, Mt s thng sut ca cc ti liu thit b theo quan im k thut.

Chun b cng vic y bao gm tt c cc bin php gp phi mt ln v vic kim sot cc bin php cn thit thc hin. T nhim v bo tr t s chc chn cho kh nng sn sng ca thit b theo quan im kinh t c th a n cc mc tiu c m t ca cng tc chun b cho bo tr theo cc hnh sau:

-1-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr

Ti u ha mi tng quan gia chi ph nhn s v hiu sut bo tr Gim thiu cc chi ph h hng cho sn xut Tun theo mi trng v cc n bn lut

Nhim v ca bo tr
Nng cao an tan lao ng

m bo an tan cho kh nng sn sng ca thit b theo quan im kinh t

S thng sut ca cc s kin bo tr

Nng cao ng lc ca nhn s Ti u ha mi tng quan gia chi ph vt t v hiu sut bo tr

S thng sut ca c s thit b

Hnh 1: Mc tiu ca cng tc chun b bo tr (i.A. an Hackstein et. al. 1992) Cc mc tiu chi ph (Ti u ha mi tng quan gia chi ph nhn s/ chi ph vt t v hiu sut bo tr) t c thng qua chi ph ng cho b phn nhn s cng nh bi s cung cp v sn sng cc chi tit thay th ng. Mc cao ca an ton lao ng din ra bi nhng quy nh c th v an ton, nng cao ng lc ca nhn s tr thnh hin thc thng qua cc qu trnh hp ng ti u v b phn nhn s c trnh ph hp. t c cc mc tiu th i hi mt s lin kt ng cc yu cu v chun b cng vic (AV) trong t chc qu trnh ca cc bin php bo tr. Cho mc ch ny mt trnh t v chun b cng vic (AV) c ngh nh sau (theo Hackstein 1992, Klein 1988): Lp k hoch cng vic bo tr, Lp k hoch v kim sot cng vic bo tr cng nh Phn tch cng tc bo tr.

Lp k hoch cng vic bo tr (IAP) cha ng tt c cc chc nng ty thuc vo hp ng lp k hoch bo tr. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng vic bo tr (IPS) xc nh cc chc nng tuy thuc vo hp ng lp k hoch v kim sot mt hp ng c thc hin. Phn tch cng tc bo tr (IA) bao gm cc nh gi phn hi ty thuc vo hp ng v bao trm hp ng. N c nhim v phn tch cc kt qu ca cng tc bo tr qua khm ph ra cc kh nng ci tin.

-2-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr Nhng nhim v qun l thng tin v qun l cht lng trong bo tr c nhn nhn nh l chc nng ngang ca chun b cng tc.

2.1 Lp k hoch cng tc bo tr Nh m t, Lp k hoch cng tc bo tr (IAP) cha ng tt c cc chc nng ty thuc vo hp ng lp k hoch bo tr. By gi nhng chc nng th cp ny cn c gii thiu ngn. 2.1.1 Lp k hoch chin lc Lp k hoch chin lc c hiu l vic xc nh cc chin lc bo tr lin quan ti thit b. Trong thc t thng c phn bit theo cc chin lc sau: Chin lc bo tr nh hng h hng Chin lc bo tr d phng theo k hoch Chin lc bo tr nh hng tnh trng

Chin lc bo tr nh hng h hng c th c ng dng, nhng ni m thit b t c s dng n, u m vic gin on sn xut din ra khng c cc khn v cung cp vt t, u m c sn cc h thng d tha v cc chi tit thay th cao hoc khng gp phi cc yu cu v an ton. i vi cc thit b, m chng c cp theo chin lc nh hng h hng, do thi im s c khng th xc nh v cc ni dung hot ng khng th bit trc nn hu nh khng c t chc cho cc thit b dng ny. Trong phm vi phn bo tr d phng theo nguyn tc c xc nh bi quy nh trc theo lut, cc quy nh ny i hi cc kim nh c tnh chu k, v cc thit b, m cc h hng ca chng c th gy ra nhng tn thng cho con ngi v thit b. Bo tr d phng cng c th l yu cu, nu khng c nhng kinh nghim v vic ch ng h hng ca mt thit b. Bo tr nh hng h hng c th c ng dng, nu lng d tr hao mn c th o c. N to kh nng s dng tip theo tui bn ca chi tit my m hon ton khng c ri ro v h hng. Lp k hoch chin lc cho thit b, chng c duy tr theo chin lc bo tr d phng theo k hoch hoc nh hng tnh trng, cho bit cn thc hin nhng bin php bo tr no (Bo dng, kim nh, sa cha), ti khong thi gian no, cho nhng thit b c chm lo no. Nhim v ny thc ra m t vn chuyn bit ca bo tr. Cc hot ng lp k hoch tip theo tng ng vi cc bin php thc hin ti u cc cng vic xc nh bi chin lc la chn. Lp k hoch chin lc b nh hng ln bi chnh sch ca doanh nghip, trong c bo trc ri ro mang theo v do vy mc tiu gia an ton sn xut cao vi chi ph lp k hoch bo tr kh nng thp.

-3-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr Trong mi lin quan gim thiu chi ph chung c phn bit hai kh nng chnh sch ca doanh nghip (Schelo 1972): Theo ui s an ton sn xut xc nh trong khi ng thi gim thiu chi ph d phng v chi ph loi tr h hng, Xc nh lng ti chnh cho chi ph d phng v chi ph bo tr cng nh nng cao ti a an ton sn xut.
Lp k hoch chin lc bo tr Instandhaltungs Strategieplanung Lp k hoch qu trnh Ablaufplanung Thc hin Chnh InstandhalChnh sch Unterneh- D. nghip sch bo tr Xc nh chin lc kInstandhoch Strategiehaltungstungsmensbestimmung durchfhrung Politik Politik Lp k hoch sng sng Bereitstellungsplanung
Ti chnh cho bo tr InstandhaltungsBudget Fertigungssicherheit m bo sn xut

H thng thng tin Informationssystem

Bild: Hnh 2

Lp k hoch chin lc theo chu k bo tr (i.A. an Schelo 1972)

2.1.2 Lp k hoch nhn s Trong khun kh lp k hoch nhn s th s lng v trnh ca nhn s c lp k hoch trung hn v di hn. N gm ba lnh vc nhim v sau: Xc nh nhu cu nhn s, Lp k hoch thc hin y nhn s, Pht trin nhn s.

cc cng nghip u chu th t l chi ph cho nhn s trong chi ph bo tr chung nm trong khong 50-80% (Rechmann 1984). Do vy k hoch nhn s y c mt ngha c bit. 2.1.3 Lp k hoch phng tin hot ng Lp k hoch phng tin hot ng phc ha trch nhim cho cc chc nng Xc nh nhu cu phng tin hot ng, Lp k hoch thc hin y phng tin hot ng, Lp k hoch phn xng.

Trng hp mc t ng ha cao ca thit b, gn vi cc bin php bo tr d phng v nh hng tnh trng, cng nh s tch hp cc chuyn mn cao (C in

-4-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr t, thy lc vv) th nhu cu v bo tr s tng cao i vi cc phng tin hot ng chuyn bit ny cho s theo di tnh trng v phn tch tnh trng. 2.1.4 Lp k hoch vt t Lp k hoch vt t bao gm: Xc nh nhu cu vt t, Lp k hoch n nh vt t cng nh Lp k hoch kho.

Cho cc chi tit thay th v cc cht ph tr v hot ng. im chc chn ca kh nng sn sng cao ca thit b l iu kin chnh ng cung cp chi tit thay th. y thng xut hin mt mu thun mc tiu gia yu cu phi c trong tay mt cch nhanh chng cc chi tit thay th theo kh nng tt nht, v chi ph n nh vt t chung t ra, bi v s bng n kho cha chi tit thay th. Phn tch lu chuyn kho v ABC cho cc chi tit thay th cn c thc hin u n c th xc nh ng yu cu v n nh chc chn v khm ph cc im vt t, m chng c th b thi hi, do cc thit b thuc quyn s hu b thi hi lu di (D tr lu khng c s dng) 2.1.5 Lp k hoch ti chnh Vic lp k hoch ti chnh c nhim v, lng ti chnh hng nm, m chng c s dng cho bo tr cn c kim tra. C hai phng php lp k hoch ti chnh nh sau:

Hch ton ti chnh lin quan n b Hch ton ti chnh lin quan n b phn c mc tiu, gii hn chi ph bo tr v phn kim sot s tiu dng vt t. V d: B phn sn xut v b phn bo tr Hch ton ti chnh lin quan thit b m t s b sung , m s b sung ny to iu V d: cc nhm my, cc b phn kin ch ra cc trng tm chi ph. thit b tng hp Hch ton ti chnh lin quan thit b y ti chnh lit k theo cc khon nh ngun t m trch, ngun t bn ngoi, vt t v phng tin hot ng. Tun th ti chnh l thc o gi tr quan trng cho bo tr. 2.1.6 T vn cc lnh vc khc T vn cc lnh vc khc bao gm a s cc nhim v sau, v d: T vn thit k (Loi tr cc im yu, ci tin ch bo tr ca thit b) T vn u t (Nhng kinh nghim hay v ti vi cc thit b ca cc nh ch to my khc nhau, xc nh thi im v dng ca cc u t cho cc chi tit thay th cc thit b hin hu)

-5-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr T vn s dng v sn xut ( cao mc an ton lao ng v mi trng, nng cao tui bn ca thit b) T vn v kinh t vt t (nh gi cc nh cung cp ph tng thay th, ton b s hng ph tng thay th)

iu kin cho y l tn ti mt c s d liu tng th, t bo co d liu v s phn tch c th c chuyn thnh cc trnh by y ngha cho nhng chc nng t vn nu trn. 2.1.7 Thit lp k hoch cng tc bo tr K hoch cng tc m t trnh t bc cng vic v cho vt t cn dng, phng tin hot ng v cc cht ph tr hon thin nhim v cng vic. Nguyn tc ph hp cho cc k hoch cng tc bo tr l trnh by ging nh k hoch cng tc sn xut. Trong bo tr th vic thit lp k hoch cng tc gm cc bc nh sau: Xc nh phng php v cch thc (K hoch Lp k hoch tin trnh cng phng php) vic Dng v trnh t ca cc bc cng vic (Lp k hoch bc cng vic) Xc nh thi gian thc hin Xc nh thi gian cn, m thi gian ny l cn thit cho vic thc hin nhim v bo tr hoc bc cng vic. Xc nh s lng v trnh ca nhn s i vi tng cng vic bo tr hoc bc cng vic. Xc nh dng v s lng cc ph tng thay th cn thit cc cht tr dung.

Chn la nhn s Xc nh vt t

Xc nh dng v s lng cc phng tin hot La chn phng tin hot ng cn thit i vi tng cng vic bo tr hoc ng bc cng vic.

Thit lp k hoch cng tc c th din ra bi vic lp k hoch hon ton mi, tng t hoc c lp li. Mt k hoch cng tc bo tr hnh thnh c s cho trin khai cc hp ng k hoch. Vi vic cho bit cc d liu yu cu (S ca hp ng, thi hn hon thnh, nhm nhn vin) th k hoch cng tc tr thnh mt b phn ca cc t hp ng. Cu trc ca hp ng trch nhim c ngha cho vic ln k hoch hp ng v thi im sn sng cn thit cho nhn s, phng tin hot ng, v cc ph tng thay th. Kim tra nng lc v k hoch thi gian nh trc l cn thit y. 2.1.8 Lp k hoch chi ph

-6-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr Lp k hoch chi ph xc nh chi ph lp k hoch trong khun kh lp k hoch chi ph cho hp ng, chng s tn ti trc thc hin mt hp ng. Kt qu ca vic lp k hoch chi ph hnh thnh c s cho vic hy b hoc cho php cc hp ng. Trong tng hp ti chnh eo hp hoc trng hp v tr hp ng xu th cc hp ng cho thit b c th b xc nh li, tm thi n tr thnh khng cn thit na. 2.1.9 Lp k hoch u t S thay i iu kin khung v k thut, kinh t, x hi v mi trng cng nh s nng ng ca th trng i hi mt s ph hp nh hng tng lai ca cc tim nng hiu sut ca x nghip. Cc u t phi thch ng vi ngha ln v hiu qu chin lc v lu di ca n i vi ti trng ph vi chi ph c nh (cc chit khu v tin li) v tim nng lu thng hin hu (T bn). c bit c p dng mt nh hng c bn i vi chi ph chu k sng ca thit b bi k hoch u t. Trong cng nghip xe hi ca c iu ny c cho bit vi chi ph u t theo k hoch ln ti 30%. Bi th n i hi hn c quy nh l s hiu bit v cc kinh nghim ca bo tr vi cc qu tnh ny dn ti tt c cc giai on lp k hoch v hin thc ha vic u t. Cc nhim v bo tr c th c nhn nhn trong s thc y u t (v d da vo kt qu ca mt phn tch cc im yu km) v trong nghin cu u t (v d mang n s hiu bit v thit b v bo tr vo vic lp k hoch thit b v s thit lp). Khi nim u t c phn bit trong thc t x nghip nh sau y: (i.A. an Klaus 1994): u t ph tng Cc ph tng cn thit v kinh t hoc k thut ca cc thit b s dng, v d nu mt sa cha ln khng c li

u t vo s hp l Ph tng cc chi tit ca thit b hoc nhm my vi mc tiu, gim chi ph hnh chnh v chi ph hot ng ca thit b m ha khng gy tn hi cho cng sut. u t m rng u t i mi M rng thit b ti cc mc qu trnh tip theo. Mc tiu l, m rng tim nng hiu sut. Pht trin v a vo cc cng ngh mi.

V d v u t cho vic hp l ha Tnh trng k thut, mc t ng ha cng nh tnh trng k thut ca ng cn v xng cn li ca mt nh cn thp khng cn thch hp cho vic nng cao nng lc sn phm thp vi gi tr cao v cht lng. a ra mt phn tch v cng ngh ca k thut thit b hin hu. Vi cc sn phm thp c ch to cho ti nay doanh nghip khng th thnh t c trn th trng. Phng tin u t b gii hn yu cu ni u t thm nhiu gii php la chn. hnh thnh mt nhm d n khng nghim ngt t cc nh vn hnh my, lp t, ch to my v hot ng xc nh nhng quy nh mc tiu, x l cng nh hin thc ha d n. Qua mi tng quan ca bo tr cc im yu c th c nh gi chnh xc t lch s v

-7-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr tnh trng ca thit b. Vic nh gi ny tm u ra trong nh ngha v quyn u tin u t hin i ha cn thit. Nh l kt qu tin nghin cu hnh thnh mt d n gm hai bc. Trong bc th nht c thc hin trang b c kh hon chnh, cc khi thy lc ca chng v t ng ha. Trong bc th hai thc hin vin hin i ha vi k thut iu khin v truyn ng v c tng thch cc thit b tng ng. Cc hiu qu sau y c thc hin: Trang b cho thit b vi tnh trng k thut hin ti trong khi tit kim chi ph khong 70% so vi u t ph tng. Nng cao hiu sut ca cc sn phm thp cht lng cao cho tn v tm cung cp cho cng nghip xe hi ln bn ln, do vy nng cao khon thu theo so snh vi phm cht sn xut ti nay ln h s l ba. Nng cao kh nng sn sng ca thit b chung ln khong 10%. Gim vt liu ph thi ca chu k xu ti khi t c chiu di hon chnh ln khong 40%. Ci tin iu kin lm vic v vic bo v mi trng trong phm vi chung ca thit b.

2.2 Lp k hoch bo tr 2.2.1 Lp k hoch chng trnh bo tr Lp k hoch chng trnh bo tr nhm xc nh cc cho bit v thi gian v s lng cc cng vic bo tr tng lai trong khong chu k trong chng rnh bo tr. Chng gm cc nhim v sau: Tnh ton phn tch, Lp k hoch th (thi hn th v lp k hoch kh nng th), Kim sot bc chy th, qun l hp ng. Cc c s cho chc nng lp k hoch hnh thnh cc gi tr lin quan ti thit b c xc nh trong k hoch chin lc.

2.2.2 Lp k hoch thi gian v tng nng lc Lp k hoch thi gian v tng nng lc cha ng tt c tng cc chc nng lp k hoch theo thi gian v nng lc v s phi hp cc hp ng bo tr. Cc hp ng c thit lp thi hn v cc k hoch bao trm ton b nng lc. Nng lc hin hu y cho cc phng tin hot ng yu cu thc hin mt nhim v bo tr theo dng v s lng cng nh nhn s bo tr. Mc ch ca lp k hoch l gi

-8-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr ng thi hn a ra trc. thi gian tin trnh hp ng c ngn, tng cng nng lc sn xut cng nh nng lc bo tr hin c theo kh nng u n. Trong lp k hoch thi gian v tng nng lc bao gm cc nhim v sau y: Cho bit chu k thi gian, Thi hn ca tin trnh, Xc nh ngh tng nng lc, Tnh ton nhu cu tng nng lc, S thch ng ca tng nng lc, Lp k hoch trnh t.

Cho bit chu k thi gian, c s phng php ging nh trong sn xut. Cc khong thi gian chu k c a ra cho tng hp ng bo tr. Da vo n vic lp k hoch cho cc hp ng v vic chuyn i tng hp ng din ra s vt qu nng lc. Da vo khong chu k thi gian m k hoch c thc hin y ngha, do vy v d cc hp ng c ko ra trc vi cc thit b tng ng rt cht ch. L d nhin bo tr phi ch thm n thi hn sn xut. Thi hn ca tin trnh din ra theo s lin h i vi vic a ra khong thi gian chu k. iu ny xc nh thi hn bt u v kt thc ca cc hp ng bo tr v qu trnh cng vic ca n da vo khong thi gian a ra trong cc k hoch cng tc bo tr v ca cc gi tr mong i cho cc cng vic khng c nh trc. Tnh ton nhu cu tng nng lc xc nh nhu cu v tng nng lc ca tng nhm tng nng lc t cc hp ng bo tr theo thi hn cng nh t cc s c mong i. N to ra mt khi qut v qu ti, n l im i nghch ca cu tng nng lc b cht cha v cung tng nng lc b cht cha.
Chu ti v tng nng lc [h]

Trc nng lc = Cung cht cha mi chu k

Trc chu ti = Cu cht cha mi chu k Nng lc trung bnh

Nhu cu fr tng s c von Bedarf v Behebung (Phn tch) Strungen (Prognose)

t (Khong thi gian)

-9-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr Hnh 3: Khi qut v ti trng cho cc nhm bo tr (i.A. an Wald et. al. 1999, chng 4: Chun b cng tc trong bo tr) Cung v nhu cu hin ti c xc nh t xc nh tng nhu cu. Cung thay i ty thuc vo s lng nhn vin c nh c tip nhn v bi ngh php bnh tt. D liu ny c chun b cho k hoch nng lc v thi hn, c hi hp ng cng nh s theo di hp ng. Sai lch gia trc nng lc v chu ti c cn bng trong khun kh ca xc nh nng lc. Trong trng hp qu ti c th lin kt vi dch d bn ngoi trong s kin hp ng, chuyn thi hn hp ng cho tng lai hoc c m trch thm gi. Trong trng hp cn d ti cc hp ng c th c a ra trc thi gian. Thng qua lp k hoch trnh t vic xc nh trnh t cng vic din ra cho tng hp ng bo tr. y cn c ch ti cc khong thi gian chu k v t l do cho cc bin php xc nh nng lc. Mc ch l t c mt trnh t ti u ca cc hp ng bo tr bit trong khong thi gian theo di mt n v nng lc v cc bc cng vic. Kin thc chnh xc v cng vic c thc hin. Khi qut v s lng v cht lng tng nhn s bo tr sn sng v nu c th nhn s dch v bo tr bi danh mc ngh bnh, ngh php v danh mc nhn s hoc danh mc nhng ngi hin din. Khi qut v cc phng tin hot ng hin hu bi qun l dng c, tp tin phng tin hot ng. Kin thc v cc vt liu cn thit v ph tng thay th bi danh mc chi tit, cc chui vt t, cc dn chng v s cung cp v nhng kin thc v ngun gc quan h cho vic mua sm cng nh thi gian mua sm. Khi qut v cc vt t sn sng hoc danh mc vt t v danh mc cc cc nh cung cp hoc cc catalog. Kin thc v tnh hiu qu ca tng ngi v ca nhn vin ca cc dch v bo tr bi kinh nghim v m s. Kin thc v thi gian cho php c quyt nh, c bit thi hn kt thc chm nht, bi k hoch sn xut v ca vic xc nh ni ti vi sn xut. Khi qut v cc ph thuc ca tng hp ng ring trong tin trnh cng vic bi s dn xp v k hoch cng tc.

Cc nguyn nhn thng thng cho s bt ng kin trong k hoch nng lc v thi hn l: M t khng r rng cc cng vic thc hin. Cc li hoc cc thi gian k hoch tc ng t bn ngoi. Tnh trng vt t khng y v thi gian mua sm lu. Thng c cc gin on hoc cc k hoch mi bi cc hp ng s c v khn cp. B sung gp cc cng vic khng c nh trc.

2.2.3 Lp k hoch s lng

-10-

PHN III. Lp k hoch v kim sot cng tc bo tr Lp k hoch s lng (cng gi l sp t vt liu) bao gm tt c cc k hoch v cc quyt nh, m chng cn thit chun b sn sng vt liu theo loi, s lng, v thi hn thc hin cc hp ng bo tr. N c phn bit bi cc phm v nhim v sau y:

Xc nh nhu cu vt liu

Xc nh nhu cu tng v nhu cu thun i vi ph tng thay th, phng tin tr gip v phng tin hot ng, c s tnh ton thi hn v s lng l nhng hp ng bo tr theo k hoch v cc d liu trong qu kh.

Tm tt cc nhu cu khc nhau theo khong thi Tnh ton vic mua sm vt gian. liu Xc nh s lng v thi hn mua sm theo cc im phng din ti u. Thit lp cc ngh t hng cho vic mua sm cc chi tit ph tng v cc vt liu khc hoc xut gia cng cho gia cng ring ca cc chi tit thay th. D tr vt liu Dng vt liu Thit lp trt t hp ng theo thi gian v s lng tnh trng kho trng sn sng i vi ph tng thay th. Nm r cc ng thng v ng tt ca kho. Ghi s cc ng thng v ng tt ca kho. Thit lp cc nh gi thng k (Phn tch ABC, phn tch s vng bn, phn tch s dng).

-11-