SAP2000 LyThuyet Tech24 VN

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GII THIEU PHAN MEM SAP2000

1 S PHAT TRIEN CONG NGHE PHAN MEM NGANH XAY DNG Cung vi xu hng ngay cang phat trien cua khoa hoc va cong nghe trong lnh vc Xay dng, qua trnh t ong hoa tnh toan va thiet ke vi s ho tr cua may tnh bang cac phan mem chuyen dung a c trien khai ap dung rong rai nc ta. Trong nhng nam 1980 tr lai ay, cong nghe may tnh a co nhng bc phat trien manh me, no gop phan thuc ay nghien cu va phat trien cong nghe tren the gii trong hau het cac lnh vc khoa hoc k thuat. Trong lnh vc xay dng, cong nghe may tnh cung a c ng dung rong rai, bao gom cac phan mem ve quan l xay dng, kinh te xay dng, phan tch noi lc ket cau, thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep, thiet ke va the hien ban ve ky thuat ... Theo xu hng hoi nhap, cac phan mem tnh toan, quan l thuoc chuyen nganh xay dng a c du nhap t nc ngoai va c ng dung kha rong rai ben canh s phat trien cua he thong phan mem trong nc. Tuy nhien, cac phan mem nc ngoai co nhieu van e cha tng thch vi tieu chuan Viet Nam nen mot so ch ton tai trong gii han tham khao hoac cha khai thac het kha nang t ong hoa cua chng trnh. Cac phan mem trong nc ang phat trien kha manh me va rong rai nhng van con mot so bat li o la cha co s thong nhat trong hng phat trien, cac phan mem a phan t phat, kha nang ng dung thc te cua cac chng trnh van con han hep, cha co s anh gia hay tham nh cua c quan tham quyen cung nh cha co chnh sach bao ho phan mem thoa ang. Chnh v nhng yeu to tren, hoi thao phat trien cong nghe thong tin cho nganh xay dng en 2010 a a ra cac muc tieu phat trien o la viec chuan hoa cac chng trnh tnh toan, quan l va tham nh lai cac chng trnh phan mem a viet va ang c s dung. ay manh hn viec ap dung cong nghe thong tin trong quan l va san xuat. Ngay nay, cac chng trnh phan tch noi lc va thiet ke ket cau a co nhng bc tien vt bac va rat phong phu ve so lng, rat manh trong qua trnh tnh toan chang han nh: phan mem ANSYS, STAAD Pro, SAP2000, ETABS, SAMCEF, STRAND, PLAXIS ... a co the giai quyet c hau het cac van e trong thiet ke xay dng. Trong o SAP2000 la phan mem c a
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chuong va s dung rong rai nhat do co nhieu tnh nang u viet hn cac phan mem khac. Phien ban au tien cua chng trnh c mang ten SAP (Structural Analysis Program) vao nam 1970, cac phien ban ke tha tiep theo sau la SAP3, SAP IV va SAP 80 la phien ban co tnh thng mai au tien cua ho phan mem SAP, phan mem nay c phat trien bi cong ty Computer and Structure Inc (CSI). Nam 1992 CSI cho ra i phien ban tiep theo la SAP90. Tuy nhien, phien ban SAP2000 ra i mi la bc phat trien ot pha cua ho phan mem SAP, theo nh li tuyen bo cua hang CSI th SAP2000 la cong nghe ngay nay cho tng lai! SAP2000 a tch hp cac tnh nang phan tch ket cau va tnh nang thiet ke ket cau thanh mot. Cac phien ban thong dung cua SAP2000 la version 6.11, ver 7.42, ver 8.23 va phien ban mi ang c s dung kha rong rai la SAP2000 version 9.03. Hien nay, tren th trng a co phien ban SAP2000 version 10. 2 TNH NANG CUA PHAN MEM SAP2000 2.1. Tnh nang giao tiep - Giao tiep o hoa trc tiep tren cac ca so man hnh t luc xay dng mo hnh ket cau, thc hien cac phan tch va thiet ke en khi bieu dien ket qua tnh toan tren cac hnh anh o hoa hai chieu (2D) va ba chieu (3D). - He thong li nh v va cac cong cu ve ho tr qua trnh xay dng mo hnh ket cau mot cach nhanh chong. - Co the tao nhanh cac mo hnh ket cau t th vien cac phan t mau co san cua SAP2000. 2.2. Kha nang phan tch va thiet ke Cac loai phan t: phan t thanh, phan t tam vo - mang (Shell/Plate), phan t ng suat phang - bien dang phang - oi xng truc, phan t ba chieu. Vat lieu: trong chng trnh co the phan tch vi vat lieu ong nhat tuyen tnh ang hng, tuyen tnh trc hng va vat lieu phi tuyen. Lien ket gia cac phan t: lien ket cng, lien ket na cng, lien ket cuc bo kh mot so thanh phan lc. Lien ket gia cac phan t vi at: cac lien ket ly tng thong dung trong nganh Xay dng nh lien ket ngam, lien ket khp (goi co nh), lien ket thanh (goi di ong), lien ket an hoi va cac lien ket han che mot so bac t do bat ky cua nut lien ket.
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Tai trong tac dung len phan t: tai trong tap trung tai nut, tai trong tap trung va phan bo tren phan t, anh hng cua chuyen v cng bc goi ta, anh hng cua nhiet o, tai trong pho gia toc, tai trong ieu hoa, tai trong di ong Kha nang giai bai toan: so an so khong b gii han (neu dung ban Nonlinear), trong mot bai toan co the phan tch va thiet ke ong thi nhieu loai phan t khac nhau ket noi cung chu lc. Cac dang phan tch: Phan tch tnh (Static Analysis), tnh tan so dao ong rieng, cac dang dao ong (Modal Analysis), phan tch ap ng ong lc (Response Anlysis) vi tai trong thay oi theo thi gian va pho gia toc. To hp cac trng hp tai trong khac nhau cung tac dung len ket cau. 2.3. Cac ban chnh cua SAP2000 Ban phi tuyen (Nonlinear) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong lc hoc, phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut va phan t khong gii han. Ban nang cao (Plus) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong lc hoc, nhng khong phan tch c bai toan phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut va phan t khong gii han. Ban chuan (Standard) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong lc hoc, nhng khong phan tch c bai toan phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut toi a khoang 1500. Ban danh cho hoc tap (Eduacation) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong lc hoc, phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut toi a la 30 va mot so tnh nang b han che. 2.4. Yeu cau he thong may tnh He ieu hanh: Windows 98-2000-XP Phan cng: RAM 64 MB. HDD con trong 500 MB. CPU Pentium II 400 MHz.
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3 GIAO DIEN CUA PHAN MEM SAP2000 3.1. Cai at Dung a CD cha bo nguon phan mem SAP2000, double click vao ten file setup.exe e bat au cai at chng trnh. Thong thng cac thong so cai at a c nh dang san, ngi s dung ch can click vao nut Next nhieu lan cho en khi xuat hien thong bao finish ngha la qua trnh cai at a hoan tat. Th muc cha chng trnh SAP2000 mac nh khi cai at la C:\ Program file\ Computers and Structures\ SAP2000 v9. Ban nen tao Short cut tren nen man hnh e nhanh chong khi ong chng trnh SAP2000 khi can lam viec vi no. 3.2. Khi ong Co nhieu cach e khi ong chng trnh SAP2000 chay tren nen Windows, thong thng s dung hai cach khi ong nh sau: i. Kch up (double click) vao bieu tng SAP2000 tren nen man hnh Windows, thong thng bieu tng co mau vang kem theo ch sap2000. ii. Vao Start > Programs > SAP2000 v9 > sap2000 : click chon 3.3. Man hnh giao dien (Xem hnh trang ke tiep) * Thanh tieu e: Bieu tng SAP2000 Ten phan mem Ten tap tin. * Thanh danh muc lenh (Menu bar): SAP2000 version 9.03 co 13 danh muc lenh gom: File, Edit, View, Define, Bridge Draw, Select, Assign, Analyze, Display, Design, Options va Help. * Thanh cong cu (Toolbar): SAP2000 version 9.03 co 14 thanh cong cu at theo phng ngang di danh muc lenh va theo phng ng ben trai ca so chng trnh, ten cua cac thanh cong cu: thanh cong cu chuan (standard), Edit, View, Define, Bridge Draw, Select, Point and Joint Assigns, Frame and Line Assigns, Shell and Area Assigns, Display, Design, Snap va Band75. Moi thanh cong cu co nhieu nut lenh, moi nut lenh cha mot lenh.
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* Thanh trang thai (Status bar): The hien trang thai cua ca so ang lam viec bao gom hop n v lcchieu dai-nhiet o, he toa o, v tr con tro Thanh trang thai nam ben di ca so chng trnh. * Mien lam viec: Vung nhap d lieu, hien th d lieu, hien th ket qua va cac o th, bieu o 3.4. Cach ra lenh trong SAP2000 - Cach 1: Ra lenh t thanh danh muc lenh (Menu bar). - Cach 2: Ra lenh t thanh cong cu (Toolbar). 3.5. Cac lenh trong cac Menu va cac Toolbar cua SAP2000
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Cac lenh trong menu File
Cac lenh trong menu Edit
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Cac lenh trong menu View
Cac lenh trong menu Define
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Cac lenh trong menu Draw
Cac lenh trong menu Assign
Cac lenh trong menu Select
Cac lenh trong menu Analyze
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Cac lenh trong menu Display
Cac lenh trong menu Options
Cac lenh trong menu Design
Cac lenh trong menu Help
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SAP2000 ver 9.03 co tat ca 14 thanh cong cu, a con tro len mot thanh cong cu bat ky roi nhan nut phai chuot, sau o anh dau chon cho hien ra thanh cong cu tng ng hoac anh dau bo chon e khong cho hien th thanh cong cu o tren ca so chng trnh.
Tat ca cac nut tren cac thanh cong cu.
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4 QUAN LY CAC TAP TIN D LIEU SAP2000 4.1. Tao mi file File > New Model hoac click vao nut New mau trang tren thanh cong cu chuan (standard). 4.2. Lu file File > Save as lu file khi can at ten file mi hoac lu v tr ng dan mi. Ten file d lieu cua SAP2000 co phan m rong la SDB, dang ten file la filename.SDB. File > Save hoac click vao nut Save (hnh a mem) tren thanh cong cu chuan (standard) hoac nhan to hp phm (Ctrl + S) e lu nhanh file vao ung v tr va ung ten file ma no ang ton tai, nhng neu nh tap tin ang lam viec cha lu lan nao th lenh save giong nh lenh save as la lu file khi can at ten file mi hoac lu v tr ng dan mi. 4.3. M file a co File > Open hoac click vao nut Open (hnh cuon sach mau vang m ra) tren thanh cong cu chuan (standard) hoac nhan to hp phm (Ctrl + O) e m file a co lu trong thiet b ghi d lieu, ban can chon ung ng dan va ten file a co filename.SDB roi nhap up hoac click chon nut open tren hop thoai. 4.4. Cac file d lieu khac Ngoai file d lieu *.SDB, SAP2000 con co cac file d lieu khac co phan m rong nh sau: *.S2K, *.$2K co the dung phan mem soan thao khac e tao file d lieu roi import vao chng trnh SAP2000. *.EKO cha cac thong tin ve d lieu nhap vao. *.OUT cha cac ket qua c xuat ra. *.TXT khi can xuat ket qua phan tch va thiet ke ra dang bang bieu e co the tiep tuc x ly ket qua bang cac phan mem khac nh Word, Excel
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5 QUY TRNH PHAN TCH NOI LC BANG SAP2000 5.1. Xay dng s o tnh 5.1.1. Chon n v Trc khi thc hien bat ky bai toan nao bang SAP2000 eu phai chon n v chuan cua lc chieu dai nhiet o. Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Tuy theo bai toan, ban co the chon n v kgf-m-C hoac Ton-m-C 5.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
Trong SAP2000 v9.03 co en 18 cach e tao mi mot mo hnh ket cau, oi vi nganh Xay dng dan dung va cong nghiep, thong thng chon cac mo hnh sau: Beam (Dam), 2D Trusses (Dan phang), 3D Trusses (Dan khong gian), 2D Frames (Khung phang), 3D Frames (Khung khong gian) Wall (tng), Flat Slab (San phang), Shells (Tam vo) va Staircases (Cau thang).
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Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model
Sau khi chon 2D Frame trong hop thoai New Model
Sau khi chon Grid Only trong hop thoai New Model
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Chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li khi cac kch thc nhp hoac chieu cao tang khong eu (khoang cach li theo moi phng khong eu nhau). Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin.
Sau khi click vao Edit Grid
- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z. - Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3 - Ordinate: Toa o ng li
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5.1.3. Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Chon nut can gan hoac hieu chnh lien ket, Assign > Joint > Restraints
5.1.4. Thay oi va hien th so th t phan t / so th t nut Thay oi so th t phan t / nut, Edit > Change Labels
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Hien th so th t phan t / nut, View > Set Display Options
Chon Labels trong cac o Joints va Frames/Cables/Tendons. 5.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 5.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
Sau khi chon CONC va click vao Modify/Show Material
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Sau khi chon STEEL va click vao Modify/Show Material
5.2.2. ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections
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Click vao nut tam giac ben phai Add I/Wide Flange e m ra bang liet ke cac loai tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, neu muon khai bao tiet dien ch nhat th chon Add Rectangular
Sau khi click chon Add Rectangular, neu muon tao mi mot tiet dien ch nhat th click vao nut Add New Property
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Sau khi click vao Add New Property
Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, tiet dien ch nhat thng at ten dam hoac cot trc va kch thc bang cm theo sau, v du D2030, C2530 - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v a chon t au, thng la m. - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v a chon t au, thng la m.
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Cac la chon trong Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > dung e gan cac thuoc tnh cho cac phan t Frame/Cable/Tendon
5.2.3. Gan tiet dien * Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien. * Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Sections
Chon ten tiet dien tng ng can gan cho cac phan t a chon.
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5.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 5.3.1. Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Ten cua trng hp tai trong - Type: Loai tai trong - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, trng hp tai trong co ke trong lng ban than ket cau th nhap 1 (thng tnh tai), neu khong ke trong lng ban than th nhap 0 (thng hoat tai s dung, gio ) Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon. Add New Load : Them mot trng hp tai trong mi. 5.3.2. Gan cac loai tai trong tac dung tren phan t thanh (Frame, Cable, Tendon) Co the gan tai trong lc, tai tap trung tren phan t, tai phan bo eu phan bo hnh thang phan bo tam giac phan bo tuyen tnh bat ky tren phan t, Tai trong thay oi nhiet o Cac la chon trong Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > dung e gan cac loai tai trong cho cac phan t Frame, Cable va Tendon.
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* Gan tai trong lc - Chon cac phan t can gan tai trong lc. - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Gravity
- Load Case Name:
Chon trng hp tai can gan tai trong lc.
- Gravity Multipliers: He so nhan trong lc. - Global X, Y, Z: He so nhan trong lc theo cac phng X, Y, Z trong he toa o tong the.
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* Gan tai tap trung tren phan t - Chon cac phan t can gan tai trong lc. - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load x1 P1 x2 P2 x3 P3 x4 P4
* Gan tai phan bo tren phan t - Chon cac phan t can gan tai trong lc. - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Trapezoidal Load: (Tai trong phan bo tuyen tnh tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load x1 q1 x2 q2 x3 q3 x4 q4
Uniform Load: (Tai trong phan bo eu tren phan t). 5.3.3 Gan cac loai tai tap trung tai nut Cac la chon trong Assign > Joint Loads > dung e gan cac loai tai trong tap trung tai nut va cac chuyen v cng bc goi ta.
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* Gan tai trong tap trung tai nut - Chon cac nut can gan tai tap trung - Assign > Joint Loads > Forces
- Force GlobalX, Y, Z: Lc tap trung tai nut theo cac phng X, Y, Z trong he toa o tong the. - Moment about GlobalX, Y, Z: Moment tap trung tai nut quay quanh phng X, Y, Z trong he toa o tong the. * Gan chuyen v nut cng bc: - Chon cac nut can gan tai tap trung - Assign > Joint Loads > Displacements
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5.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khi phan tch noi lc ket cau co nhieu trng hp tai trong oc lap khac nhau cung tac ong len ket cau th can phai tien hanh ket hp cac trng tai trong co the ong thi xay ra theo xu hng tang noi lc ket cau, qua trnh nay c goi la to hp tai trong. Thc hien to hp tai trong trong SAP2000 nh sau Define > Combinations
Sau khi click vao Add New Combo
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- Response Combination Name: at ten cho trng hp to hp. - Combination Type: Loai to hp. Linear Add = Cong tac dung. - Case Name: Chon trng hp tai trong co tham gia trong to hp ang khai bao. - Scale Factor: He so to hp cua trng hp tai trong tng ng. - Add: Them trng hp tai trong ang chon vao to hp. - Modify: Hieu chnh trng hp tai trong ang chon a co trong to hp. - Delete: Loai bo trng hp tai trong ang chon ra khoi to hp.
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5.5. Giai bai toan 5.5.1. Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
Bac t do la so chuyen v co the xay ra cua bat ky mot nut nao o trong ket cau, tong quat, 1 nut trong khong gian co 6 bac t do gom 3 bac t do chuyen v thang UX UY UZ va 3 bac t do chuyen v xoay RX RY RZ oi vi cac truc OX, OY va OZ. Chon cac bac t do cho bai toan trong muc Available DOFs, hoac co the chon nhanh cac bac t do trong muc fast DOFs theo cac hnh mau cua bai toan tng ng. Khi giai bai toan ket cau dam va khung phang trong mat phang XZ th moi nut co 3 bac t do UX, UZ va RY, nen chon vao hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane), neu la khung khong gian th co u 6 bac t do nen chon vao hnh khung khong gian (Space Frame). 5.5.2. Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua cho phan t Frame Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
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Max Station Spacing: Khoang cach ln nhat gia cac mat cat. Min Number Stations: So mat cat toi thieu. 5.5.3. Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file.
5.5.4. Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay (xuat hien ca so co ch mau xanh) en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK e ong ca so giai. 5.6. X ly ket qua 5.6.1. Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape
- Case/Combo Name: Chon ten cua trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to hp can xem s o bien dang va chuyen v.
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- Scaling: Phong ai hnh dang bieu o t ong (Auto) hoac Nhap so phong ai theo yeu cau cua ngi s dung (Scale Factor). 5.6.2 Xem bieu o noi lc Display > Show Forces/ Stresses > Frame/Cable
- Case/Combo Name: Chon ten cua trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to hp can xem bieu o noi lc. - Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (thng trung vi phng Z neu la dam va trung vi phng X neu la cot). - Shear 3-3: Lc cat theo phng 3. - Torsion: Mo ment xoan. - Moment 2-2: Mo ment uon quanh truc 2. - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3. <1, 2, 3> la he truc toa o a phng. XYZ la he truc toa o tong the. Co the xem bieu o dang to mau (Fill Diagram) hoac xem bieu o co ghi gia tr (Show Value on Diagram).
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5.6.3. Xuat ket qua thanh file * File text.TXT , file.RTF, file.HTML File > Print Tables
Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file
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* File Excel File > Export > SAP2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet xls File.
Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file.
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5.7. Kiem tra va hieu chnh 5.7.1. Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon
Chon Frame Section. Chon OK. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon
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Load Name: Chon trng hp tai trong can xem. Span Loading: Tai tac dung tren phan t. Show Joint Loads with Span Loads: The hien kem tai trong tac dung tai nut vi tai trong tren phan t. Show Span Loading Values: The hien gia tr tai trong tren s o. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp. Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. Chon OK. 5.7.2. Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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Chng 2
KET CAU DAM

1 DAM LIEN TUC CHU TAI PHAN BO EU VA TAI TAP TRUNG e bai 1:
Vat lieu: BTCT#200 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E = 2.4x109 kg/m2, = 0.2. Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = 20x40 cm. Nhp 6m x 4 = 24m. 1.1. Xay dng s o tnh 1.1.1 Chon n v Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Chon n v kgf-m-C. 1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
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Chon s o 1.3 (hang 1 cot 3) Beam (Dam lien tuc). Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai Beam cho phep nh cac thong so cho dam lien tuc can tao ra.
- Number of Spans (So nhp): 4 1.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket
Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 6
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai, tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao. Khong thc hien v cac lien ket tao ra a giong hoan toan e bai. 1.1.4. Hien th so th t phan t va so th t nut View > Set Display Options
Chon muc Labels (anh dau v) trong cac o ac tnh cua Joints va cua Frames/Cables/Tendons roi chon OK, man hnh se hien ra so th t nut va so th t phan t. Neu muon khong hien th so th t nut, phan t th vao lai hop thoai nay va bo chon (bo dau v) trong muc Labels cua Joints va cua Frames.
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1.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 1.2.1 ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
Vat lieu la BTCT nen chon CONC va click vao Modify/Show Material
Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.4e9, = Poissons Ratio = 0.2), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam.
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1.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections
Click vao nut tam giac ben phai Add I/Wide Flange e m ra bang liet ke cac tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, e khai bao tiet dien ch nhat chon Add Rectangular
Sau khi click chon Add Rectangular, e tao mi mot tiet dien ch nhat th click vao nut Add New Property
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Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, tiet dien ch nhat D2030. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2
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Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). 1.2.3 Gan tiet dien * Chon tat ca cac phan t can gan tiet dien (nut all). * Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections
Chon ten tiet dien D2030 e gan cho tat ca cac phan t a chon. 1.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: (Ni can nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong) TINHTAI. - Type: (Loai tai trong) DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: (He so nhan trong lng ban than) 1 Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI.
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1.3.2 Gan tai trong * Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo eu q = 800 kg/m. - Chon phan t 1 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) Nhap 800. * Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1200kg tai x = 3m. - Chon phan t 2 (Gan Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m). - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) Nhap 1200. - Chon lai phan t 2 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1200kg tai x = 3m) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load 3 1200 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1800kg tai x = 2m va P = 2000kg tai x = 4m. - Chon phan t 3 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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* Gan tai cho phan t 4: Lc phan bo eu q = 1000kg/m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1500kg tai x = 2m. - Chon phan t 4 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1000. - Chon lai phan t 4 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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1.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong 1.5. Giai bai toan 1.5.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
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Bac t do la so chuyen v co the xay ra cua bat ky mot nut nao o trong ket cau, oi vi ket cau dam trong mat phang XZ th co 3 bac t do nen chon vao hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). 1.5.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 1.5.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as 1.5.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
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Chon ng dan va at ten file.
1.6. X ly ket qua 1.6.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape
1.6.2 Xem bieu o noi lc Display > Show Forces/ Stresses > Frame/Cable
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- Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (dam co phng 2 trung vi phng Z). - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3, 1.6.3 Xuat ket qua thanh file * File text.TXT , file.RTF, file.HTML File > Print Tables Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. * File Excel: File > Export > SAP2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet xls File. Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. 1.7 Kiem tra va hieu chnh 1.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Frame Section. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp.
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Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. 1.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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2 DAM LIEN TUC CO NHP VA TAI TRONG KHAC NHAU e bai 2: - S o tnh va tai trong (nhp dam 4-5-4-6m)
2.5
2.5
- Vat lieu BTCT# 250 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E=2.65x109 kg/m2, = 0.2. - Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = 20x40cm. 2.1. Xay dng s o tnh 2.1.1 Chon n v Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Chon n v kgf-m-C. 2.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
Chon s o 1.3 (hang 1 cot 3) Beam (Dam lien tuc).

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Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai Beam cho phep nh cac thong so cho dam lien tuc can tao ra.
- Number of Spans (So nhp): 4
Do chieu dai cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin.
Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid ng li nh v.
e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac
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- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z. - Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3 - Ordinate: Toa o ng li ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) X1 -8 0 X2 -4 4 X3 0 9 X4 4 13 X5 8 19 - Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, tiep tuc nhap OK e ong hop thoai Beam, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao. 2.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Chon nut cuoi cung (nut so 5) can hieu chnh lien ket. Assign > Joint > Restraints
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Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam 2.1.4. Hien th so th t phan t va so th t nut Co the thc hien hoac khong. 2.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 2.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.65e9, = Poissons Ratio =0.2), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam. 2.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections
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Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D2040. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.4 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). 2.2.3 Gan tiet dien * Chon tat ca cac phan t can gan tiet dien all. * Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections
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Chon ten tiet dien D2040 e gan cho tat ca cac phan t a chon. 2.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 2.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TINHTAI. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI. 2.3.2 Gan tai trong * Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo eu q = 1500 kg/m. - Chon phan t 1 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1500. * Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo tam giac can qmax = 2000kg/m. - Chon phan t 2 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load 0 0 2.5 2000 5 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. * Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc phan bo tuyen tnh tren toan phan t q1 = 1200kg/m va q2 = 1500kg/m. - Chon phan t 3 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load 0 1200 4 1500 4 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. * Gan tai cho phan t 4: Lc tap trung tren phan t P1 = 1000kg tai x1 = 2m, P2 = 1500kg tai x2 = 3m va P3 = 1200kg tai x3 = 4m. - Chon phan t 4 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load 2 1000 3 1500 4 1200 0 0
2.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong 2.5. Giai bai toan 2.5.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
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Bac t do la so chuyen v co the xay ra cua bat ky mot nut nao o trong ket cau, oi vi ket cau dam trong mat phang XZ th co 3 bac t do nen chon vao hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). 2.5.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 2.5.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as 2.5.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
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Chon ng dan va at ten file.
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- Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (dam co phng 2 trung vi phng Z). - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3, 2.6.3 Xuat ket qua thanh file * File text.TXT , file.RTF, file.HTML File > Print Tables Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. * File Excel: File > Export > SAP2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet xls File. Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. 2.7 Kiem tra va hieu chnh 2.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp.
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3 DAM LIEN TUC CO NHIEU TIET DIEN e bai 3: - S o tnh (nhp dam 4-4-5-4-6m)
4 - Tai trong
1 1 1 1
- Vat lieu BTCT# 250 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E=2.65x109 kg/m2, = 0.2. - Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = 20x30cm, 20x35cn, 20x40cm. 3.1. Xay dng s o tnh 3.1.1 Chon n v Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Chon n v kgf-m-C. 3.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
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Chon s o 1.3 (hang 1 cot 3) Beam (Dam lien tuc). Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai Beam cho phep nh cac thong so cho dam lien tuc can tao ra.
- Number of Spans (So nhp): 5
Do chieu dai cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin.
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Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid ng li nh v.
e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac
- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z. - Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3 - Ordinate: Toa o ng li ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X:
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Grid ID X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Ordinate (cu) -10 -6 -2 2 6 10
Ordinate (sa mi) 0 4 8 13 17 23
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, tiep tuc nhap OK e ong hop thoai Beam, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao. 3.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Khong thc hien v cac lien ket a ung nh e bai. 3.1.4. Hien th so th t phan t va so th t nut Co the thc hien hoac khong. 3.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 3.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.65e9, = Poissons Ratio =0.2), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam. 3.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections Hop thoai Frame Properties xuat hien
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Sau khi click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section xuat hien, can xac nh cac ac trng cho tiet dien can khai bao. Bai toan co tiet dien ch nhat 0.2x0.3m, 0.2x0.35m, 0.2x0.4m nen phai tien hanh khai bao 3 lan cho 3 tiet dien o. Trc het khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.3m t hop thoai Rectangular Section
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Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D2030. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). Chon OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.35m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.3m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D2035. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.35 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2 Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties.
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Cuoi cung khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.4m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.35m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien lan na - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D2040. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.4 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2 Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien. 3.2.3 Gan tiet dien * Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D2030 (3 phan t 1, 2, 4 co nhp 4m). * Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties.
Chon ten tiet dien D2030 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon phan t can gan tiet dien D2035 (phan t 3 co nhp 5m). * Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D2035 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon phan t can gan tiet dien D2040 (phan t 5 co nhp 6m). * Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections
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Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D2040 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. 3.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 3.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TINHTAI. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI. 3.3.2 Gan tai trong * Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo tuyen tnh tren toan phan t q1=1200kg/m, q2 = 1600kg/m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 2000kg tai x = 2m. - Chon phan t 1 (Gan lc phan bo tuyen tnh) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. - Chon lai phan t 1 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load - Chon phan t 2 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed 2 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo tam giac qmax = 1800kg/m tai x = 2m.
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. * Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc phan bo hnh thang can qmax = 1800kg/m tai x1 = 2m va x2 = 3m.. - Chon phan t 3 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. * Gan tai cho phan t 4: 2 lc phan bo tam giac can qmax = 1400kg/m tai x1 = 1m, x2 = 3m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 2500kg tai x = 2m. - Chon phan t 4 (Gan phan tai tam giac th nhat) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. - Chon lai phan t 4 (Gan phan tai tam giac th hai) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. - Chon lai phan t 4 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t) - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t). Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi) Distance Load 2 2500 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 5: Lc phan bo giat cap q1 = 1600kg/m trong khoang x = 0~3m va q2 = 1200kg/m trong khoang x = 3~6m. - Chon phan t 5 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 0. 3.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong 3.5. Giai bai toan 3.5.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
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Chon vao bieu tng khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). 3.5.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 3.5.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file. 3.5.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
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Chng 3
KET CAU KHUNG PHANG

1 KHUNG PHANG CHU TAI TRONG NG e bai 1: - S o tnh va tiet dien (nhp dam 4-6-4m, cao tang 5-4-4-4-4m)
- Vat lieu: BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E=2.65x109kg/m2, = 0.2. - Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = xem tren s o tnh.
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- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren cac dam va lc tap trung tai cac nut
1.1. Xay dng s o tnh 1.1.1 Chon n v Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Chon n v kgf-m-C. 1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
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Chon s o 1.6 (hang 1 cot 6) 2D Frames (Khung phang). Sau khi chon bieu tng 2D Frames trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai 2D Frames cho phep nh cac thong so cho khung phang can tao ra.
- Number of Stories (So tang): 5 - Number of Bays (So nhp): 3
Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 4 Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 6
Do chieu cao cua cac tang va chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li.
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Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin. Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.
- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z. - Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3 - Ordinate: Toa o ng li ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) X1 -6 -7 X2 -2 -3 X3 2 3 X4 6 7 ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng Z: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) z1 0 -1 z2 4 4 z3 8 8 z4 12 12
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z5 z6
16 20
16 20
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, tiep tuc nhap OK e ong hop thoai 2D Frames, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o khung phang can tao. 1.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Chon 4 nut chan cot can hieu chnh lien ket. Assign > Joint > Restraints
Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam. 1.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 1.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Click vao nut tam giac ben phai Add I/Wide Flange e m ra bang liet ke cac tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, e khai bao tiet dien ch nhat chon Add Rectangular Sau khi click chon Add Rectangular, e tao mi mot tiet dien ch nhat th click vao nut Add New Property
Sau khi click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section xuat hien, can xac nh cac ac trng cho tiet dien can khai bao.
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Dam co tiet dien ch nhat 0.2x0.3m, 0.25x0.5m, 0.25x0.6m. Cot co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.3m, 0.25x0.4m, 0.25x0.5m V vay can phai tien hanh khai bao 6 lan cho 6 tiet dien o. Trc het khai bao tiet dien dam 0.2x0.3m t hop thoai Rectangular Section Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D20x30. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). Chon OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.40m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.3m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D25x40. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.5 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.25 Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Khai bao tiet dien dam D25x60 nh tiet dien dam D25x50. Tiep theo khai bao tiet dien cot 0.25x0.3m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien lan na - Section name: Ten tiet dien, C25x30. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.25 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon cot BTCT (column). Chon OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties.
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Khai bao tiet dien cot C25x40, C25x50 nh tiet dien cot C25x30. Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien. 1.2.3. Gan tiet dien * Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D20x30 (3 phan t dam mai). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties.
Chon ten tiet dien D2030 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 3x3=9phan t can gan tiet dien D25x40 (3x3 phan t dam lau 2,3,4). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D25x40 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 3 phan t can gan tiet dien D25x50 (3 phan t dam lau 1). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D25x50 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 4 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x30 (4 phan t cot bien 2 tang tren cung). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties.
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Chon ten tiet dien C25x30 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 10 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x40 (4 phan t cot gia 2 tang tren cung + 6 phan t cot bien 3 tang di). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C25x40 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 6 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x50 (6 phan t cot gia 3 tang di). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C25x50 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. 1.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TINHTAI. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI. 1.3.2. Gan tai trong * Gan tai cho 3 phan t dam lau 1: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t q=1600kg/m. - Chon 3 phan t dam lau 1 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Distance Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1600. * Gan tai cho 3x3 = 9 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4: Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m. - Chon 3x3 = 9 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1200. * Gan tai cho 3 phan t dam mai: Lc phan bo eu q = 800kg/m. - Chon 3 phan t dam mai - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 800. * Gan tai cho 6 nut co lc P = 3000kg: Lc tap trung tai nut P = 3000kg tai 6 nut tren cot bien cua cac tang 3, 4, 5. - Chon 6 nut co lc P = 3000kg - Assign > Joint Loads > Forces
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Coordinate System GLOBAL. Force GlobalX: Force GlobalY: Force GlobalZ: 0 0 -3000 0. 0. 0.
Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ:
* Gan tai cho 2 nut co lc P = 4000kg: Lc tap trung tai nut P = 4000kg tai 2 nut tren cot bien cua tang 2. - Chon 2 nut co lc P = 4000kg - Assign > Joint Loads > Forces
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Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ:
* Gan tai cho 8 nut co lc P = 5000kg: Lc tap trung tai nut P = 5000kg tai 8 nut tren cot gia cua cac tang 2, 3, 4, 5. - Chon 8 nut co lc P = 5000kg - Assign > Joint Loads > Forces
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Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ: 1.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong
Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong 1.5. Giai bai toan 1.5.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
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Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 1.5.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file. 1.5.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
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2 KHUNG PHANG CHU TAI TRONG NG VA TAI TRONG NGANG e bai 2: - S o tnh va tiet dien (nhp dam 6-8-8-6m, cao tang 5-4-4-4-4-4m)
- Vat lieu BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E=2.65x109kg/m2, = 0.2. - Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = xem tren s o tnh. - Tai trong: Tnh tai va gio trai (Lc phan bo eu)
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2.1. Xay dng s o tnh 2.1.1 Chon n v Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh. Chon n v kgf-m-C. 2.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
Chon s o 1.6 (hang 1 cot 6) 2D Frames (Khung phang), se xuat hien hop thoai 2D Frames cho phep nh cac thong so cho khung phang can tao ra.
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- Number of Stories (So tang): 6 - Number of Bays (So nhp): 4
Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 4 Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 8
Do chieu cao cua cac tang va chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin. Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.
- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z. - Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3 - Ordinate: Toa o ng li ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) x1 -16 -14 x2 -8 -8 x3 0 0 x4 8 8 x5 16 14
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ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng Z: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) z1 0 -1 z2 4 4 z3 8 8 z4 12 12 z5 16 16 z6 20 20 z7 24 24 - Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, tiep tuc nhap OK e ong hop thoai 2D Frames, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o khung phang. - Chon cac phan t dam va cot can xoa bo, bam phm Delete tren ban phm. 2.1.3. Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Chon 5 nut chan cot can hieu chnh lien ket. Assign > Joint > Restraints
Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam. 2.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 2.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Sau khi click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section xuat hien, can xac nh cac ac trng cho tiet dien can khai bao. Dam co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.5m, 0.25x0.6m, 0.25x0.7m. Cot co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.3m, 0.25x0.4m, 0.3x0.5m, 0.3x0.6m V vay can phai tien hanh khai bao 7 lan cho 7 tiet dien o.
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Trc het khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.5m t hop thoai Rectangular Section
Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D25x50. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.5 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.25 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). Chon OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.60m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien 0.25x0.5m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien - Section name: Ten tiet dien, D25x60. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.6 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.25
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Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Khai bao tiet dien dam D25x70 nh tiet dien dam D25x50. Tiep theo khai bao tiet dien cot 0.25x0.3m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien lan na - Section name: Ten tiet dien, C25x30. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.25 Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon cot BTCT (column). Chon OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties. Khai bao tiet dien cot C25x40, C30x50, C30x60 nh tiet dien cot C25x30. Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien. 2.2.3. Gan tiet dien * Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D25x50 (4 phan t dam mai). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties.
Chon ten tiet dien D25x50 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
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* Chon 2x3=6phan t can gan tiet dien D25x60 (2x3 phan t dam lau 3, 4, 5). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D25x60 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 6 phan t can gan tiet dien D25x70. Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien D25x70 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 4 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x30 (4 phan t cot bien 2 tang tren cung). Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C25x30 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 10 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x40. Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C25x40 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 6 phan t can gan tiet dien C30x50. Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C30x50 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon 2 phan t can gan tiet dien C30x60. Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien C30x60 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. 2.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 2.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
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- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TINHTAI. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI. Tiep tuc khai bao trng hp tai trong ngang (gio trai) - Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, GIOTRAI. - Type: Loai tai trong, WIND. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 0. Add New Load : Them trng hp tai trong GIOTRAI. Chon OK e ong hop thoai Defind Loads 2.3.2. Gan tai trong 2.3.2.1. Gan tai cho TINHTAI * Gan tnh tai cho 4 phan t dam lau 1: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t q=2000kg/m. - Chon 4 phan t dam lau 1 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 2000. * Gan tai cho 4 + 2x3 = 10 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4, 5: Lc phan bo eu q = 1600kg/m. - Chon 4 + 2x3 = 10 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4, 5 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1600. * Gan tai cho 2 phan t dam mai: Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m. - Chon 2 phan t dam mai - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1200. 2.3.2.2. Gan tai cho GIOTRAI * Gan gio trai cho 2 phan t cot bien trai tang 1, 2: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t q=280kg/m theo phng +x. - Chon 2 phan t cot bien trai tang 1, 2 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) GIOTRAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction X. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Distance Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 280. * Gan tai gio trai cho phan t cot bien trai tang 3: Lc phan bo eu q = 320kg/m theo phng +x. - Chon phan t cot bien trai tang 3 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction X. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Distance Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 320. * Gan tai gio trai cho cac phan t cot bien trai tang 4, 5, 6 co lc phan bo eu q = 360kg/m, q = 400kg/m, q = 440kg/m tng t nh phan t cot bien trai tang 3. * Gan gio trai cho 2 phan t cot bien phai tang 1, 2: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t q=210kg/m theo phng +x. - Chon 2 phan t cot bien phai tang 1, 2 - Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) GIOTRAI Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction X. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Distance Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 210. * Gan tai gio trai cho cac phan t cot bien phai tang 3, 4, 5, 6 co lc phan bo eu q = 240kg/m, q = 270kg/m, q = 300kg/m q = 330kg/m tng t nh 2 phan t cot bien phai tang 2. 2.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khi phan tch noi lc ket cau co nhieu trng hp tai trong oc lap khac nhau cung tac ong len ket cau th can phai tien hanh ket hp cac trng tai trong co the ong thi xay ra theo xu hng tang noi lc ket cau, qua trnh nay c goi la to hp tai trong. Thc hien to hp tai trong trong SAP2000 nh sau
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Define > Combinations
Sau khi click vao Add New Combo e them mot trng hp to hp
- Response Combination Name: at ten cho trng hp to hp, COMB1 - Combination Type: Loai to hp. Linear Add = Cong tac dung. - Case Name: Chon trng hp tai trong TINHTAI - Scale Factor: He so to hp cua trng hp tai trong TINHTAI la 1. - Add : Them trng hp tai trong TINHTAI vao to hp. Tiep tuc chon GIOTRAI co he so to hp 1 va chon Add
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2.5. Giai bai toan 2.5.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options Xuat hien hop thoai Analysis Options Chon vao bieu tng khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). 2.5.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 2.5.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file. 2.5.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai. 2.6. X ly ket qua 2.6.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape Xuat hien hop thoai Deformed Shape Chon trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to hp can xem chuyen v Chon OK e ong hop thoai Tren man hnh se the hien s o bien dang cua khung.
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- Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (dam co phng 2 trung vi phng Z). - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3, 2.6.3 Xuat ket qua thanh file * File text.TXT , file.RTF, file.HTML File > Print Tables Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. * File Excel: File > Export > SAP2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet xls File. Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file. 2.7 Kiem tra va hieu chnh 2.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v.
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Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp. Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. 2.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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Chng 4
KET CAU CAU THANG - DAN PHANG

1 CAU THANG DANG BAN 2 VE & 3 VE e bai 1:
- S o tnh: Ve 1 (nhp 3-2m, cao tang 1.8m)
- Vat lieu: BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m3, E=2.65x109kg/m2, = 0.2. - Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = 100x12cm. - Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban nghieng va ban chieu ngh
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1.1. Xay dng s o tnh 1.1.1 Chon n v Chon n v kgf-m-C. 1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
Chon s o 1.2 (hang 1 cot 2) Grid Only (Ch tao li). So ng li theo X So ng li theo Y So ng li theo Z Khoang cach li theo X Khoang cach li theo Y Khoang cach li theo Z 3 1 2 3 1 1.8
Do chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen can hieu chnh khoang cach cac ng li. click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.
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ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X: Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi) x1 -3 0 x2 0 3 x3 3 5 - Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o li can tao. -Ve mi 2 phan t Frame Draw > Draw Frame => lan lt click vao cac iem nut 1, 2, 3 e ve ban nghieng va ban chieu ngh cau thang.
1.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket - Chon nut chan cau thang (nut 1) > Gan lien ket goi co nh.
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Assign > Joint > Restraints
Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket goi co nh (bieu tng th 2 t trai sang). - Chon nut bien phai cua ban chieu ngh (nut 3) > Gan lien ket goi di ong. 1.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 1.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Khai bao tiet dien ch nhat 1x0.12m t hop thoai Rectangular Section Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, S1000x120. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC. - Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.12 - Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 1 Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien. 1.2.3. Gan tiet dien * Chon 2 phan t Frame Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien S1000x120 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. 1.3. Tai trong 1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TAITRONG. - Type: Loai tai trong, OTHER. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 0. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TAITRONG. 1.3.2. Gan tai trong
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- Chon phan t 1(ban nghieng)-> gan tai phan bo eu q=1140kg/m. Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TAITRONG Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung) Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity. Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t). Distance Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1140. - Chon phan t 2(ban chieu ngh)-> gan tai phan bo eu q = 970kg/m. 1.3.3. Khai bao to hp tai trong Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong (Tnh tai + Hoat tai) 1.4. Giai bai toan 1.4.1 Chon bac t do
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Analyze > Set Options
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 1.4.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file. 1.4.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run
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Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai. 1.5. X ly ket qua 1.5.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape 1.5.2 Xem bieu o noi lc Display > Show Forces/ Stresses > Frame/Cable - Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2. - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3. So sanh ket qua 1.6 Tao them s o ve 2 va s o ban consol
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- M khoa: Chon vao o khoa (Unlock) se xuat hien hop thoai
M khoa se xoa bo ket qua phan tch, ong y khong? chon OK. 1.6.1 Tao ve thang 2 - Copy oi xng ve thang 1 thanh ve thang 2. Chon ve thang 1, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Mirror. Chon Parallel to Y (Song song vi truc Y) x1 = 0 x2 = 1 z1 = 3 z1 = 3
- Thay oi lien ket: Chon nut di cua ve thang 2 -> Gan goi co nh. Chon nut tren ben phai cua ve thang 2 -> Gan goi di ong. 1.6.2 Tao s o ban consol - Copy 1 phan t ban chieu ngh cua ve thang 2 thanh ban consol. Chon phan t, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Linear. Increments: dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 2.4, Number n = 1.
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- Thay oi lien ket: Chon nut tren ben phai cua ban thang mi tao -> Gan lien ket ngam. 1.6.3 Giai lai bai toan va so sanh ket qua. 1.6.4 M khoa, copy ve thang 1 & ve thang 2 thanh 2 ban sao mi (Chon ve 1 & ve 2, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Linear, Increments: dx = 7, dy = 0, dz = 0, Number n = 2), gan lien ket 2 au cua ve thang lan lt la lien ket ngam va lien ket goi co nh. Giai lai bai toan va so sanh ket qua. 1.7 Kiem tra va hieu chnh 1.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon
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Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp. Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. 1.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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2 DAN PHANG Phan t thanh dan theo ly thuyet la phan t ch xuat hien duy nhat mot loai noi lc, o la lc doc truc Nz. e co duy nhat Nz th lien ket 2 au cua bat ky phan t thanh dan nao cung la lien ket khp va cac au thanh qui tu tai nut, ch co lc tap trung tac dung tai cac nut, khong co bat ky lc nao tac dung tren thanh (ke ca trong lng ban than). Thc te rat kho thc hien c lien ket 2 au la khp va cac phan t luon co trong lng ban than nen cac gia thiet cho bai toan dan la khong chnh xac. Tuy nhien anh hng cua noi lc Nz la ln hn cac noi lc con lai rat nhieu va e n gian trong giai tay ngi ta van thng tnh toan thiet ke dan ch chu lc doc. Nhng a giai bang phan mem th nen xay dng s o cang gan vi thc te cang tot. Co the xay dng s o dan bat ky trong SAP2000, e xay dng nhanh chong mot so loai dan thong dung, SAP2000 a co san 3 loai ket cau mau ve dan nh sau: Sloped Truss: Dan co thanh xien. Vertical Truss: Dan co thanh ng va co the co giang xien. Pratt Truss: Dan mai nghieng.
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e bai 2: - S o tnh & Tai trong:
- Vat lieu: Thep co W = 7850 kg/m3, E=2.1x1010kg/m2, = 0.3. - Tiet dien: Thep goc 2L100x10, 2L63x5, 2L50x4
2.1. Xay dng s o tnh 2.1.1 Chon n v Chon n v Ton-m-C. 2.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model
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Chon s o 1.4 (hang 1 cot 4) 2D Trusses (Dan phang).
Chon Pratt Truss, chon Parametric Definition e xem hnh ve cac thong so can nhap: L1, N1, L2, N2, H1, H2, H3.
Nhap: L1 = 12, N1 = 4, L2 = 12, N2 = 4, H1 = 0, H2 = 3, H3 = 0. Chon OK. 2.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket Khong thc hien.
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2.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 2.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
Vat lieu la Thep nen chon STEEL va click vao Modify/Show Material
Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =7.85, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.1e7, = Poissons Ratio =0.3), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam.
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2.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections Hop thoai Frame Properties xuat hien
Click vao nut tam giac ben phai Add I/Wide Flange e m ra bang liet ke cac tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, e khai bao tiet dien 2L chon Add Double Angle Sau khi click chon Add Double Angle, e tao mi mot tiet dien 2L th click vao nut Add New Property
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Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin: - Section name: Ten tiet dien, 2L100x10. - Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, STEEL. - Outside Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.1 - Outside Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.208 - Horizontal leg thickness (tf): Be day chan tiet dien theo phng ngang, 0.01 - Vertical leg thickness (tw): Be day chan tiet dien theo phng ng, 0.01 - Back to back distance (dis): Khoang h gia 2 thep goc, 0.008 Chon OK e ong hop thoai Double Angle Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon 2L100x10 va chon Add copy of Property e tao them tiet dien 2L63x5.
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Chon 2L63x5 va chon Add copy of Property e tao them tiet dien 2L50x4.
Chon OK e ong hop thoai Double Angle Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien.
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2.2.3. Gan tiet dien * Chon cac phan t thanh canh di Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien 2L100x10 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon cac phan t thanh canh tren Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien 2L63x5 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. * Chon cac phan t thanh ng va thanh xien Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties. Chon ten tiet dien 2L50x4 e gan cho cac phan t a chon. 2.3. Tai trong 2.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TAITRONG. - Type: Loai tai trong, OTHER. - Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1. Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TAITRONG.
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2.3.2. Gan tai trong - Chon cac nut co lc tap trung -> gan lc tap trung P = 1Ton. - Assign > Joint Loads > Forces
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TAITRONG Coordinate System GLOBAL. Force GlobalX: Force GlobalY: Force GlobalZ: 0 0 -1 0. 0. 0.
Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ: 2.3.3. Khai bao to hp tai trong
Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong. 2.4. Giai bai toan 2.4.1 Chon bac t do Analyze > Set Options
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Chon vao bieu tng khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). Bo dau chon RY (ch co 2 dau chon UX va UZ). 2.4.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9. 2.4.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file. 2.4.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run
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Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai. 2.5. X ly ket qua 2.5.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape 2.5.2 Xem bieu o noi lc Display > Show Forces/ Stresses > Frame/Cable - Axial Force: Lc doc. - Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2. - Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3. Ghi chu: - e co lien ket khp tai cac cac au mut cua cac phan t thanh dan: Chon cac phan t -> Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Releases/Partial Fixity Chon giai phong mo men M33 tai 2 au thanh dan
- e bo qua trong lng ban than cua cac phan t thanh dan: Khi khai bao trng hp tai, nhap he so trong lng ban than (Self Weight Multiplier) = 0
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Chng 5
KET CAU TAM SAN

1 SAN N - S o tnh: San co 4 bien ngam, 4 bien lien ket khp, 4 bien co dam.
- Vat lieu: BTCT#200. - Tiet dien: san 4x5m, day 100mm. - Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban san gom tnh tai g =375 kg/m2 (gct 100; gbt = 275) va hoat tai p = 200*1.2 = 240 kg/m2. 1.1. Xay dng s o tnh 1.1.1. Chon n v Chon n v kgf-m-C. 1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model => Chon s o 1.2 (hang 1 cot 2) Grid Only (Ch tao li). Sau khi chon bieu tng Grid Only trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai cho phep nh cac thong so cho he li can tao ra. So ng li theo X So ng li theo Y So ng li theo Z 2 2 1
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Khoang cach li theo X Khoang cach li theo Y Khoang cach li theo Z
4 5 1
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o li can tao. - Ve phan t san (shell):Draw > Draw Rectangular Section
Tren mat phang XY, Z=0, click vao nut 1 va nut 3 tren ng cheo -> c tam san - Lien ket: Cha gan lien ket v ch co 4 nut, se gan lien ket sau khi chia nho o san e co nhieu nut bien -> gan ngam. 1.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 1.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
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Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.4e9, = Poissons Ratio =0.2), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam. 1.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Area Sections (khai bao tiet dien phan t shell - tam) Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien
Chon ASEC1 -> Modify/Show Section

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Section Name (Ten tiet dien): S100 Thickness (Be day): 1.2.3 Gan tiet dien Chon phan t Shell, vao menu Assign > Area > Area Sections (gan tiet dien phan t shell - tam) Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien Chon tiet dien S100 chon 0K. 1.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong 1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases Membrance (keo nen): 0.1, Bending (uon) : 0.1
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- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, DEAD. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Modify Load - Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, LIVE. - Type: Loai tai trong, LIVE. - Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Aad New Load 1.3.2. Gan tai trong - Chon tam: Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) DEAD Load (Gia tr tai): 375 Coord Sys (He toa o gan tai): chon GLOBAL. Direction (Hng tac dung cua taitrong): chon Gravity. Chon OK -> gan xong tnh tai. Chon lai tam: Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) LIVE Load (Gia tr tai):240 Coord Sys (He toa o gan tai): chon GLOBAL. Direction (Hng tac dung cua taitrong): chon Gravity. Chon OK -> gan xong hoat tai. 1.3.3 Khai bao to hp tai trong (Ket hp tnh tai DEAD va hoat tai LIVE) Define > Combination
=> Chon Add New Combo
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- Response Combination Name: (Ten cho trng hp to hp) COMB1 - Combination Type: (Loai to hp) Linear Add (Cong tac dung). - Case Name: (Trng hp tai trong) DEAD - Scale Factor: (He so to hp) 1. - Add : Them trng hp tai trong TINHTAI vao to hp COMB1. Tiep tuc chon Live co he so to hp 1 va chon Add , OK. 1.4. Giai bai toan 1.4.1 Chia nho o san va gan lien ket bien: - Chon all, vao menu Edit > Mesh Area
Mesh into (Chia nh o san theo phng truc a phng so 1): 8 By (Chia nh o san theo phng truc a phng so 2): 10, OK
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- Chon cac nut tren bien Gan lien ket ngam cho cac nut tren bien phan t shell. 1.4.2 Chon bac t do: khong can chon v bai toan lam viec khong gian. 1.4.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as => ng dan + ten file. 1.4.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now, ch may chay -> ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK. 1.5. X ly ket qua 1.5.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape 1.5.2 Xem bieu o noi lc Bieu o M11 va M22 Display > Show Force/ Stresses > Shell Chon COMB1 Chon M11 hoac M22 => Re con tro tren hnh bieu o e hien th gia tr momen => Click nut phai chuot tren Shell e xem noi lc cho mot Shell. 1.6. Tao them san mi vi mat o chia mn phan t hn (16x20) - Unlock: M khoa e sa cha -> Xoa ket qua? OK - Copy thanh 1 san 4x5m mi cach san ang co x = 6. Chon all, vao menu Edit > Replicate => chon Linear , dx = 6, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. - Chia nho o san 4x5 thanh 16x20 phan t Shell Chon o san mi tao ra , vao menu Edit > Mesh Area Mesh into By 2 2 Chia nho hn san ang co 2 lan: 8x10 thanh 16x20
- Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien ngam.
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- Giai bai toan -> xem ket qua -> so sanh. 1.7. Kiem tra va hieu chnh 1.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section. - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp. Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. 1.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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1.8. Tao them o san co 4 bien lien ket khp - M khoa (Unlock). - Chon o san au tien, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 12, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK. - Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien goi co nh. - Giai bai toan xem ket qua so sanh.
1.9. Tao them o san co 4 bien lien ket vi dam Yeu cau: San chia nho 8x10 co 4 bien dam lan lt co tiet dien 200x200, 200x300, , 200x1000mm. - M khoa (Unlock). - Chon o san au tien, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 7, dz = 0, n = 1. OK.
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- Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien t do. - Ve them 4 phan t dam (Frame) tren 4 bien cua o san mi tao ra. Draw > Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon
Lan lt click tren cac nh goc cua san e ve dam. - Khai bao cac tiet dien dam: Define > Frame Section Add Rectangular D200x200, CONC, t3 = 0.2, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x300, CONC, t3 = 0.3, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x400, CONC, t3 = 0.4, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x500, CONC, t3 = 0.5, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x600, CONC, t3 = 0.6, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x700, CONC, t3 = 0.7, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x800, CONC, t3 = 0.8, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x900, CONC, t3 = 0.9, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property D200x1000, CONC, t3 = 1, t2 = 0.2. - Chon 4 dam bien mi ve Gan tiet dien D200x200 Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame Section - Chon 4 nh goc cua o san Gan lien ket ngam. - Copy o san co bien dam D200x200 ra them 4 o san mi cach nhau theo phng x 6m: Chon o san, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 6, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 4. OK.
- Gan tiet dien dam tng ng.

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- Giai bai toan xem ket qua so sanh. Ghi chu: - Trong lng ban than tam san nen e SAP t tnh, ch nhap vao phan tnh tai do cac lp cau tao hoan thien cua san (gach lat nen, va lot, va to trat tran gct 100 kg/m2). - T SAP2000 ver9.03 a co che o t ong chia nho o san, nen chon cach chia nay e giam so phan t shell Tang nhanh toc o giai, de sa cha, de quan ly ket qua Chon shell can gan che o t ong chia nho san, vao menu Assign > Area > Automatic Area Mesh
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Chng 6
KET CAU KHUNG SAN KHONG GIAN

S o he ket cau chu lc khung khong gian lam viec ong thi vi san la s o tnh khung va san cho ket qua gan sat vi s lam viec that cua ket cau. Neu giai bang tay theo cac phng phap c hoc ket cau e tm noi lc cho he khung san th khong the thc hien noi, nen ngi ta thng co gang a ve bai toan phang e de dang giai quyet hn. Tuy nhien, vi s ho tr cua may tnh th viec giai noi lc he khung san lam viec ong thi khong con qua kho khan na. Phan mem SAP2000 co the giai c bat c he chu lc khong gian nao, e nhanh chong xay dng mo hnh khung 3D, SAP2000 a tao san th vien phan t mau cac dang khung 3D thng gap trong thc te, sau ay la 4 loai khung 3D co san trong SAP2000. - Open Frame Building: Khung 3D khong san - Perimeter Frame Building: Khung 3D co san va dam quanh chu vi san. - Beam - Slab Building: Khung 3D co san va dam chia o san theo li. - Flat Plate Building: Khung 3D co san phang (khong dam). Tao mo hnh mi: File > New Model
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Chon s o 2.1 (hang 2 cot 1) 3D Frames (Khung khong gian).
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1 KHUNG SAN 3D NHA PHO 5 TANG - S o tnh: Khung san 3D cho nha pho 5 tang. MB 4x15m, cao tang 5x3.6m = 18m, nh mai ngoi 19.5m, ban cong trc 1x4m, ban cong sau 1.2x4m. Khung ngam tai mat tren cua mong cach mat nen -1m. - Vat lieu: BTCT#200. - Tiet dien: san day 80mm. a kieng & Dam 200x300mm, Cot bien tang 1-> 5: 200x200mm, cot gia tang 1 -> 2: 250x250, tang 3 -> 5: 200x200mm.
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- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban san gom tnh tai san gct 100 kg/m2 va hoat tai san p = 150*1.3 = 195 kg/m2. Tng gach 100mm xay bao che xung quanh nha gt = 180*(3.6-0.3) 600 kg/m, 180*1.5*5/8 170 kg/m tren dam mai. Mai ngoi co gm = pm = 100*2 200 kg/m tren dam nghieng.
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1.1. Xay dng s o tnh 1.1.1. Chon n v 1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi Chon n v kgf-m-C. File > New Model
Chon s o 2.1 (hang 2 cot 1) 3D Frames (Khung khong gian). Sau khi chon bieu tng 3D Frames trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai cho phep nh cac thong so cho he khong gian can tao ra.
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- 3D Frame Type (Loai khung 3D): Chon Beam Slab Building - Number of Stories (So tang): 5 - Number of Bays, X (So nhp x): 3 - Number of Bays, Y (So nhp y): 1 Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 3.6 Bay Width, X (Chieu dai 1 nhp x): 5 Bay Width, Y (Chieu dai 1 nhp y): 4
Do chieu cao cua cac tang au tien =3.6+1 = 4.6m khong bang cac tang ben tren nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin. Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.
Sa z1 = 0 thanh z1 = -1 (v tr chan khung). - Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, nhap OK e ong hop thoai 3D Frame, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o he khong gian khung san can tao. - Hien th: ca so trai 3D, ca so phai 2D XY, Z = -1, nut cong cu dung e chuyen oi tang giam mat phang li. tren thanh
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1.1.3. Hieu chnh va hoan thien mo hnh - Gan ngam chan cot: Chon cac nut chan cot (mp XY, Z = -1) Assign > Joints > Restrains Chon lien ket ngam, OK. - Copy san lau 1 xuong di 3.6m e lam a kieng: Di chuyen len mp xy, z = 3.6, chon cac dam lau 1, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = -3.6, n = 1. OK. - Tao them mot mat li z0 = 0 (e xem c mat bang a kieng): Nhap up vao 1 ng li bat ky m ra hop thoai khai bao li, chon 1 dong ngang cua 1 ng li bat ky (gia s chon ng z6 = 18) Bam to hp phm Ctrl+C = copy, chon o au tien ben di z6 Bam to hp phm Ctrl+V = paste, sa z6 = 18 thanh z0 = 0, OK. - Tao ban cong trc 1m: mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam bien trai (x=-7.5) cua lau 1, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = -1, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK. Ve them 2 consol noi dam va tao vi dam doc nha. Ve them san ban cong trc: Draw > Rectangular Area chon 2 iem tren ng cheo cua san can tao. - Tao ban cong sau 1.2m: mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam bien phai (x=7.5) cua lau 1, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 1.2, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK. Ve them 2 consol noi dam va tao vi dam doc nha. Ve them san ban cong sau: Draw > Rectangular Area chon 2 iem tren ng cheo cua san can tao. - Tao ban cong trc va ban cong sau cho cac tang lau 2, 3, 4, mai. mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam & san cua ban cong trc va ban cong sau cua lau 1, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 3.6, n = 4. OK. - Tao lo cau thang cho san lau 1: mp xy, z = 3.6 Chon o san truc 2-3&A-B, bam phm Delete
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Chon dam truc 2, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 2, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK. Chon dam truc A oan 2-3, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 2, dz = 0, n = 1. OK. Ve lai 2 o san nho 2x4m va 3x2m (cha lo cau thang 3x2m) Draw > Draw Rectangular Section
click vao cac nut tren ng cheo cac o san can ve -> c tam san Chia oi 2 dam phu gia san: Chon 2 dam phu, vao menu Edit > Divide Frames
chon Break at intersections with selected Frames and Joints. Xoa bo oan dam tha 2m. - Tao lo cau thang cho san lau 2 -> 4: + Xoa cac o san truc 2-3&A-B cua cac san lau 2 -> 4: Chon o san truc 23&A-B cua cac san lau 2 -> 4 (mp xy, z = 7.2, 10.8, 14.4), bam phm Delete. + mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam va san khu vc cau thang lau 1, vao menu Edit > Replicate chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 3.6, n = 3. OK. - Xoa bo 3 o san mai 4x5m. - Tao phan mai nghieng: mp xz, y=-2, them li z7 = 19.5, x0 = 0, Ve cac dam xien, ve them phan cot noi vi dam xien. Chon phan mai nghieng va tao Edit > Replicate dy = 4, n = 1 e c phan mai nghieng ben kia (y=2), ve phan t dam noi nh 2 phan mai.
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1.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien 1.2.1. ac trng vat lieu Define > Material
Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.4e9, = Poissons Ratio =0.2), cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam.
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1.2.2 ac trng tiet dien - Khai bao cac tiet dien dam: Define > Frame Section Add Rectangular D200x300, CONC, t3 = 0.3, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property C200x200, CONC, t3 = 0.2, t2 = 0.2. Add Copy of Property C250x250, CONC, t3 = 0.25, t2 = 0.25. - Khai bao cac tiet dien san: Define > Area Sections Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien
Chon ASEC1 -> Modify/Show Section Section Name (Ten tiet dien): S80 Thickness (Be day): 1.2.3 Gan tiet dien - Tiet dien dam cot (phan t Frame): Chon tat ca a kieng va dam, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame Section Gan tiet dien D200x300 Chon tat ca cot bien va cot gia tang 3 -> 5, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame Section Gan tiet dien C200x200 Chon tat ca cot gia tang 1 -> 2, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame Section Gan tiet dien C250x250. - Tiet dien san: Chon tat ca phan t Shell (all), vao menu Assign > Area > Area Sections (gan tiet dien phan t shell - tam) Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien, chon tiet dien S80 chon 0K. 1.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong
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Membrance: 0.08, Bending: 0.08
1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong Define > Load Cases Hop thoai Define Loads xuat hien - Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, DEAD. - Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD. - Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 1.1. Modify Load - Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, LIVE. - Type: Loai tai trong, LIVE. - Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Aad New Load
1.3.2. Gan tai trong - Tnh tai tren dam: Chon cac dam bao quanh nha (co tng 100mm) Gan gt = 600 Chon 2 dam doc tren mai +18m (co tng 100mm cao 1.5) Gan gt = 170 Chon 4 dam nghieng theo mai (co tai mai ngoi) Gan gm = 200 - Tnh tai tren cac san: Chon tat ca phan t shell, Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
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Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) DEAD Load (Gia tr tai): 100 Coord Sys (He toa o gan tai): chon GLOBAL. Direction (Hng tac dung cua taitrong): chon Gravity. Chon OK -> gan xong tnh tai san. - Hoat tai tren cac san: Chon lai cac phan t shell, Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) LIVE Load (Gia tr tai):195 Coord Sys (He toa o gan tai): chon GLOBAL. Direction (Hng tac dung cua taitrong): chon Gravity. Chon OK -> gan xong hoat tai san. 1.3.3 Khai bao to hp tai trong (Ket hp tnh tai DEAD va hoat tai LIVE)
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Define > Combination => Chon Add New Combo COMB1 = Dead*1 + Live*1
1.4. Giai bai toan 1.4.1 Chia nho o san: - Chon all, vao menu Assign > Area > Automatic Area Mesh
1.4.2 Chon bac t do: khong can chon v bai toan lam viec khong gian.
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1.4.3 Lu bai toan File > Save as => ng dan + ten file. 1.4.4 Giai bai toan Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run Chon Run Now, ch may chay -> ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK. 1.5. X ly ket qua 1.5.1 Xem s o bien dang Display > Show Deformed Shape 1.5.2 Xem bieu o noi lc - Noi lc khung (dam cot) - Noi lc san Bieu o M11 va M22: Display > Show Force/ Stresses > Shell Chon COMB1 Chon M11 hoac M22 => Re con tro tren hnh bieu o e hien th gia tr momen => Click nut phai chuot tren Shell e xem noi lc cho mot Shell. 1.7. Kiem tra va hieu chnh 1.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap - Kiem tra n v. Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v. - Kiem tra vat lieu. Define > Material Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material - Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien. Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property - Kiem tra gan tiet dien. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section.
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- Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong. Define > Load Cases - Kiem tra tai trong a gan: Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI - Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp. Define > Combinations Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo - Kiem tra bac t do. Analyze > Set Options - Kiem tra so mat cat. Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Chon Output Stations. 1.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th hieu chnh phan o.
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Chng 1

GII THIEU PHAN MEM SAP2000

Cac lenh trong menu File

Cac lenh trong menu Edit

Cac lenh trong menu View

Cac lenh trong menu Define

Cac lenh trong menu Draw

Cac lenh trong menu Assign

Cac lenh trong menu Select

Cac lenh trong menu Analyze

Cac lenh trong menu Display

Cac lenh trong menu Options

Cac lenh trong menu Design

Cac lenh trong menu Help

Tat ca cac nut tren cac thanh cong cu.

Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model

Sau khi chon 2D Frame trong hop thoai New Model

Sau khi click vao Edit Grid

Hien th so th t phan t / nut, View > Set Display Options

Sau khi chon CONC va click vao Modify/Show Material

Sau khi chon STEEL va click vao Modify/Show Material

5.2.2. ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections

Sau khi click vao Add New Property

- Load Case Name:

Chon trng hp tai can gan tai trong lc.

Sau khi click vao Add New Combo

KET CAU DAM

Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 6

1.2.2 ac trng tiet dien Define > Frame Sections

Sau khi click vao Add New Property

Chon ng dan va at ten file.

Chon s o 1.3 (hang 1 cot 3) Beam (Dam lien tuc).

- Number of Spans (So nhp): 4

Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 4

Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid ng li nh v.

e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac

Sau khi click vao Add New Property

Chon ng dan va at ten file.

- Number of Spans (So nhp): 5

Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 4

Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid ng li nh v.

e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac

Ordinate (cu) -10 -6 -2 2 6 10

Ordinate (sa mi) 0 4 8 13 17 23

KET CAU KHUNG PHANG

- Number of Stories (So tang): 5 - Number of Bays (So nhp): 3

Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ:

Moment about GlobalX: Moment about GlobalY: Moment about GlobalZ:

- Number of Stories (So tang): 6 - Number of Bays (So nhp): 4

Define > Combinations

KET CAU CAU THANG - DAN PHANG

- S o tnh: Ve 1 (nhp 3-2m, cao tang 1.8m)

Assign > Joint > Restraints

Analyze > Set Options

- M khoa: Chon vao o khoa (Unlock) se xuat hien hop thoai

e bai 2: - S o tnh & Tai trong:

Chon s o 1.4 (hang 1 cot 4) 2D Trusses (Dan phang).

KET CAU TAM SAN

Khoang cach li theo X Khoang cach li theo Y Khoang cach li theo Z

Chon ASEC1 -> Modify/Show Section

=> Chon Add New Combo

- Gan tiet dien dam tng ng.

KET CAU KHUNG SAN KHONG GIAN