1. Khng c la... m li c khi Ly hai a thy tinh u c qun mt t bng.

. Nhng mt a vo dung dch axit nitric (hoc axit clohiric) m c v nhng a th hai vo dung dch amoniac 25%. a hai u a li gn nhau. Khi trng s xut hin hai u a do s to thnh amoni nitrat (amoni clorua). NH3 + HNO3 ---> NH4NO3 2. Nhm bp than bng a thy tinh Xp mt t than g vo bp nh nhm l, xong ly u a thy tinh chm vo ng than lp tc ng than bc khi nghi ngt. Cch lm: B than g vo ti bng vi mu ri treo trong bnh rng ming bn di c ng dung dch NH3 m c trong vi ngy. Kh NH3 s b ht vo than. Khi biu din th nghim, a thy tinh cn c nhng vo axit HCl c. Kh HCl gp NH3 s to ra khi trng l nhng ht nh NH4Cl theo phn ng: NH3 + HCl ---> NH4Cl 3. La v khi t bn ming bng ln ming knh. Cc ming bng tm cc dung dch sau: Ming th nht tm cn, ming th hai dung dch NH3 m c, ming th ba benzen, ming th t dung dch HCl (pha 1 th tch dung dch HCl m c vi mt th tch nc). bn ming knh cch xa nhau khong 25 30cm, ming knh t bng tm dung dch NH3 v HCl phi t hai u.Sau gii thiu ngn la khng c khi, ngn la c khi v c khi nhng khng c la.Chm la t bng tm cn trc, ri ti bng tm benzen, sau cng gp ming bng tm HCl t ln ming bng tm dung dch NH3. Ch : -C th thay cn bng cc cht khc nh axeton, dietyl ete. -Nn tm t benzen v benzen chy rt nhiu khi, rt r v lu. -Dung dch HCl nn pha t l 1 : 1 nh trn khng c kh HCl bay ra qu nhiu, ngi xem d nhn thy c khi trc. 4. Ma la Rt 100ml dung dch amoniac vo mt bnh ming rng ri un nh, sau t t vo bnh bt Cr2O3 c un nng trn mt ming kim loi. Nhng m la sng nh sao l t ri xung ging nh trn ma la.Nu ta vo dung dch amoniac mt t ru etylic, phn ng s xy ra mnh hn. Gii thch: y khng phi Cr2O3 tc dng vi NH3 m l qu trnh oxi ha NH3 bi oxi ca khng kh c Cr2O3 lm xc tc: 4NH3 + 3O2 ---> 2N2 + 6H2O Phn ng xy ra trn b mt ca cc ht Cr2O3 v ta ra rt nhiu nhit lm cc ht ny nng sng ln. 5. To ra mu hng bng nc l Thm vi ml dung dch amoniac m c (25%) v 2 3 git dung dch phenoltalein vo cc ng 50ml ru etylic khan. Hn hp khng c mu.Khi biu din, bn nh mt khn gi no mc mt cc nc l pha dn vo hn hp trn. Khi nc mu hng xut hin v cng thm nc th mu hng cng m hn. Gii thch: Khi thm nc, NH3 s tc dngvi nc theo phn ng sau: NH3 + H2O <---> NH4+ + OH Ion OH lm cho phenoltalein chuyn sang mu hng. Cng thm nc cng xut hin thm nhiu ion OH. 6. Lm i mu hoa giy Cm ngc b hoa giy mu trng vo mt chic bnh c ln, lp tc n s bin thnh b hoa c mu sc s. Cch lm: Lm mt b hoa bng giy thm trng.Chia b hoa thnh bn phn. phn th nht nguyn. Phn th hai tm dung dch phenoltalein.Phn th ba tm dung dch CuSO4 long. Phn th t tm dung dch Hg(NO3)2. kh ri xp xen k cc bng hoa tm cc dung dch khc nhau, c b hoa vn c mu trng.Cm ngc b hoa vo bnh ln cha y kh NH3, lp tc b hoa trng bin thnh b hoa mu.Nhng bng tm phenoltalein c mu hng; tm CuSO4 c mu xanh; tm Hg(NO3)2 c mu en v nhng bng khng tm g, tt nhin vn c mu trng. c kh NH3 v ch vic rt vi ml dung dch NH3 m c vo bnh ri un nng. Gii thch: Mu hng do ion OH tc dng vi phenoltalein (OH sinh ra do NH3 tc dng vi hi nc). Mu xanh do ion Cu2+ to vi cc phn t NH3 thnh ion phc Cu(NH3)42+, cn ion Hg2(NO3)2 b phn hy: 2Hg+ ---> Hg2+ + Hg

Thy ngn kim loi c gii phng di dng bt mn mu en. 7. Mc b mt Dng mc l dung dch mui coban (II) mu hng vit ln giy pluyza hng s khng nhn thy nt ch. H bc th ln bp than, nt ch s c mu xanh v nhit lm mui coban mt nc v chuyn sang dng khan. 9. kt hp vi trng thnh xanh Dng cp kp mt mnh to canxi clorua khan (mu trng) nhng mt na mnh trong 1/2 giy vo dung dch coban (II) clorua m c (mu ) ng trong cc thy tinh. Sau rt ngay mnh canxi clorua ra khi dung dch. Phn b ngp ca mnh canxi clorua trong chc lt b nhum thnh xanh. Gii thch: Canxi clorua khan c tnh ho nc nn ht nc ca mui coban (II) clorua (ehirat ha) bin n thnh thnh khan nn c mu xanh. 10. T mt cht pha c hai mu Bn hy ly mt cht rn, ha tan vo hai cc nc trong sut ging ht nhau, ri khuy u. Hai cc nc trng ging nhau s b nhum thnh hai mu khc hn nhau: Mt cc mu hng v mt cc mu xanh. Gii thch: Cht rn em ha tan l tinh th ca mui coban (II) khan.Cn hai cc, tht ra ch c mt cc l nc cn cc kia l axeton.Khi ha tan vo nc n c mu hng, mu ca ion coban hirat ha. Cn khi ha tan vo trong axeton n c mu xanh, mu ca mui khan. 11. Nng v ngui cng khc mu Mt dung dch mu hng, un nng n chuyn sang mu tm, ngui n li tr v mu hng. Cch lm: Ha tan 1g mui coban (II) clorua vo 2 3ml nc ri cho thm vo 1ml glixerin s c dung dch c tnh cht trn.Glixerin l cht rt ho nc, n ht cc phn t nc hirat ca cc ion Co2+ lm thay i mu ca ion ny. Kh nng ht cc phn t nc ca glixeron ph thuc vo nhit . 12. Bc tranh bin i mu sc Dng dung dch CoCl2 m c v ln giy trng s c mt bc tranh c mu hng. Cng bc tranh ln bng hay ln dy. t mt bng n in gn st bc tranh pha di va mi ngi quan st cho r nhng ng thi cng dng nhit ca bng n in lm kh cc nt v. Nn bng n in lch sang mt bn ca bc tranh. Sau mt thi gian ta s c bc tranh c mu bin i theo khong cch i vi bng n ln lt l: tm xanh, tm xanh thm, tm hng, hng .Sau ta lm ngc li bng cch chuyn ch ca bng n in sang pha bn kia ca bc tranh v ph mt ming vi m ln pha t ngn n trc kia. Khong 2 3 pht sau ta li c mt bc tranh i mu ngc vi trc.C th dng bc tranh mu ny theo di thi tit. Qua bin i mu ca n c th bit c m hay kh hanh ca khng kh. Gii thch: Ty theo s phn t nc mt nhiu hay t m nt v c nhng mu sc khc nhau. 13. iu v Natri 30ml nc cng vi git dung dch phenoltalein vo mt cc dung tch 100ml v rt 50ml du ha sch ln trn mt nc. Ly mt ming natri co sch, nh bng ht u t cn thn ln lp du ha. Natri chm xung, ni ln ri li chm xung, c nh th khong 10 20 ln cho n khi ming natri tan ht. Trong khi lp nc pha di t trong sut tr thnh hng. Gii thch: Natri nng hn du ha nn chmxung. Nhng khi tip xc vi nc th n lp tc tc dng vi nc gii phng hiro. Bt kh hidro bao bc mu natri v m kh y n ni ln lp du ha. Ti y, cc bt kh tch ra v mu natri li b chm xung. 14. Natri t chy kh cacbonic Chng ta u bit rng kh CO2 khng chy c nn c dng lm cht cha chy. Th m natri t chy c CO2 y! chng minh iu ny bn c th biu din th nghim sau y: Np y kh CO2 vo mt bnh thy tinh, a que m ang chy vo bnh, que m s tt ngay. By gi bn dng pipet nh xung y bnh vi git nc ri th mu natri bng ht vo git nc.Natri tc dng vi nc v bc chy trong kh quyn CO2 theo phn ng: 2Na + CO2 ---> Na2O + CO Th nghim trn cng chng t rng khng th dp tt natri ang chy bng kh CO2 m phi dp bng ct hoc t kh. 15. Bn chy tu chin ch Dng loi giy thm nc gp mt ci tu chin.B vo trong tu mt mu kim loi natri hoc kali to bng ht u ri th vo chu nc c nh thm vi git phenoltalein khng mu.Sau vi pht, tu s t bc chy v nc trong chu c loang mu hng t ch con tu chy, ging nh cnh tu chin ch b bn chy, mu gic nhum dng sng.

Gii thch: Nc thm qua giy, tc dng vi natri (hoc kali) theo phng trnh ha hc sau: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2 hoc: 2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2 Phn ng trn ta nhiu nhit, lm cho kh hidro thot ra t bc chy, ng thi NaOH (hoc KOH) to thnh lm cho phenoltalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng. Ch : Trong th nghim ny, mu natri hoc kali nht thit ch c ly to bng ht u. Nu ly to hn, phn ng xy ra mnh lit s n gy nguy him. 16. Dung dch pht quang mu Bn hy cho kh clo sc t t vo dung dch cha 10g NaOH v 30ml H2O2 3% trong 100ml nc.Khi s xy ra phn ng: Cl2 + H2O2 ---> 2HCl + O2 Oxi sinh ra trong phn ng lun lun trng thi kch thch v pht ra nh sng mu .Nu bn mun c mt khng gian sng t, bn ch vic hng dng kh clo ln b mt dung dch. 17. Dung dch hunh quang Ly mt t l xanh bt k ngm vo ru chit ly dip lc t. lc ly dung dch v bo qun trong bng ti. Ban m di tc dng ca mt chm nh sng trng, dung dch ny s pht ra nh sng mu . 18. Dung dch pht sng trong bng ti Ly 1g hidroquinon v 5g potat ha tan trong 40ml dung dch fomandehit 10% vo trong bnh ln hn 1 lt v t nhit phng.Khi mt quen vi bng ti th thm 15ml dung dch hidropeoxit H2O2. Trong bnh si bt v xut hin nh sng mu vng.S pht quang y l do hidroquinon b oxi ha bng H2O2 trong mi trng kim. Nng lng thot ra hu nh hon ton chuyn thnh nh sng, mt phn pht ra di dng nhit v lm cho fomandehit bc hi (do khng nn y bnh). 19. Chic bnh pht sng Trn 200g K2SO4 vi 81,5g Na2SO4, mt t nc nng vo hn hp n khi tt c cc tinh th mui u tan. ngui dung dch trong phng ti.Sau khi ngui, trong dung dch kt tinh kh nhiu tinh th mui mi v s to thnh mi tinh th km theo s pht sng. Nhng tia sng yu xut hin ngay t nhit 600C, sau tr nn sng hn v cui cng xut hin nh mt trn ma cc tia sng mu xanh lam nht (thi gian ny phi i kh lu, khong 1 ting ri).i khi nhng tia sng hnh nh nhy t thnh bnh bn ny sang thnh bnh bn kia. Gh tai vo thnh bnh, bn s nghe thy nhng ting lp bp nh. Tht l cn ging t trong th gii vi m.Khi s pht sng ngng, ta c th to li mt ln na bng cch lc bnh hay dng a thy tinh o cc tinh th mui di cht lng. Gii thch: Trong th nghim ny, s pht sng c lin quan ti qu trnh ha hc: S to thnh mui kp 2K2SO4.Na2SO4.10H2O v qu trnh kt tinh ca n. 20.Mc b mt Da trn tnh ho nc ca H2SO4 lm mc b mt.Ly a thy tinh chm dung dch H2SO4 long vit ln giy mt bc th ngn, nt ch s khng c mu.H bc th ln bp than hoc bn l nng, nc nt ch s bay hi lm cho H2SO4 tr nn m c, n s chim nc ca cht xenluloz l thnh phn chnh ca giy v gii phng cacbon, lm cho nt ch ha en. (C6H10O5)n ---> 6nC + 5nH2O (cht xc tc: H2SO4c) 21.Nhng chic cc thn Bn by mt lot nhng chic cc khng ln bn v tuyn b l nhng chic cc c php thn. Bn ln lt nm nhng mu bng vo cc cc trn, cc mu bng s t bc chy. Cch lm v gii thch: y mi cc, bn cho mt t hn hp sn st ca KMnO4 v H2SO4 m c. Vi lng nh hn hp ny y cc ngi xem s khng nhn thy. Bn vin nhng mu bng em tm cn ri nm vo cc cc trn. Khi bng tip xc vi hn hp n s t bc chy. 22. i phun nc Bn c th lm mt ci i phun nc nh b, xinh xn lm p thm cho m hnh mt cng vin chng hn.Mun vy, bn ly 2 3g axit oxalic H2C2O4 trn vi 2 3g NaHCO3 v hn hp ny vo ng nghim th tch khong 60ml. Sau , nc vo v nt cht ng nghim bng nt cao su c ng dn kh xuyn qua. ng ny cn cm ti y ng nghim. Nc trong ng s phun ra rt mnh nh mt i phun nc trong cng vin vy. Gii thch: Gia dung dch H2C2O4 v mui NaHCO3 c phn ng: H2C2O4 + 2NaHCO3 ---> Na2C2O4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 Kh CO2 sinh ra nn rt mnh ln dung dch trong ng nghim v y n phun mnh ra ngoi. Th nghim ny cng c th minh ha cho nguyn tc hot ng ca bnh cu ha.

23. t chy bng kh cacbonic Tht l chuyn l i! Chng ta ai cng bit kh CO2 khng duy tr s chy, nn c dng lm cht cha chy.Bn ly cp gp mt ming bng gi ln cho mi ngi xem ri cho lung kh CO2 iu ch t bnh Kp thi vo ming bng, ming bng s bng chy trc con mt ngc nhin ca mi ngi. Cch lm v gii thch: Nhng ming bng lm th nghim cn c chun b trc bng cch rc bt natri peoxit Na2O2 kh ln. Khi thi kh CO2 vo, Na2O2 s tc dng vi CO2 theo phng trnh ha hc sau: 2Na2O2 + 2CO2 ---> 2Na2CO3 + O2 Phn ng trn va ta nhit, va gi phng ra O2 nn ming bng chy tc khc. Ch : Nhng ming bng tm bt Na2O2 dng khng ht khng c dnh li trong phng th nghim v c th t bc chy do tc dng ca kh CO2 trong khng kh.Tt hn ht l nn t ngay i. 24. t chy nc Bn ly mt nm nc b vo mt ng b thp v rng ming ri bt dim t trn mt ng b. Tht k l! Nc bc chy. Cch lm v gii thch: Trong ng b, bn t sn vi mu canxi cacbua CaC2. Khi b nc vo, CaC2 s tc dng vi nc, gii phng kh C2H2. CaC2 + 2H2O ---> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 Kh C2H2 thot ln mt nc , khi t n s chy trng ging ht nc chy vy. 2C2H2 + 5O2 ---> 4CO2 + 2H2O 25. Sao bng trong ng nghim Rt dung dch st (II) sunfat vo dung dch axit oxalic s thu c kt ta st oxalat. em lc v sy kh kt ta ri nung nng trong ng nghim y kn khng cho khng kh lt vo s xut hin nhng ht st nng bay trong ng nghim trng nh cnh sao bng. Gii thch: Cc phn ng xy ra nh sau: FeSO4 + (COOH)2 ---> Fe(COO)2 + H2SO4 Fe(COO)2 ---> Fe + 2CO2 Phn ng th hai gii phng CO2 thi nhng ht st nng bay ln nh sao bng. 26. Dng ng lm thuc sng Nghin ng thnh bt trn vi mui KClO3 theo t l bng nhau v khi lng. hn hp thu c ln mt ming st ty ri vun li thnh mt ng nh hnh nn, nh nh lm xung.Dng ng nh git ly H2SO4 m c v nh vi git vo nh lm ca hnh nn.Hn hp lp tc bng ln v gn nh chy mt cch chp nhong to thnh nhng lung khi dy c, ta rng ln trn ht nh t thuc sng vy. Gii thch: KClO3 tc dng vi H2SO4 to ra axit HClO3: 2KClO3 + H2SO4 ---> K2SO4 + 2HClO3 Axit HClO3 b phn hy thnh nc, oxi v clodioxit ClO2, cht ny li b phn hy rt mnh gii phng O2 v lm cho ng bc chy. V phn ng khi u pht trin rt nhanh nn cng nh thuc sng, ng b chy hu nh tc thi. 27. Nhum mt ln thnh c sao vng Dng mt ming vi trng nh, hnh ch nht v ngi sao bng bt ch m ri kho lo tm ch vi trong ngi sao bng dung dch crom (III) sunfat Cr2(SO4)3 trong mi trng kim. Phn cn li tm bng dung dch nhm sunfat Al2(SO4)3 bo ha. Phi kh, ming vi s hon ton trng. Trc lc biu din th nghim cn treo ming vi trn ni nc si lm m. Dng bm nc hoa phun dung dch alizarin ln ming vi. Ngi sao s c mu vng, cn nn c s c mu ti. 28. Ngn la xanh lc Cho vo chn s khong 1g axit boric, 10ml cn v 1ml H2SO4 c. Dng a thy tinh khuy u hn hp ri t, ta s c ngn la mu xanh rt p. Gii thch: Axit boric tc dng vi ru etylic to thnh este v H2O theo phn ng sau: H3BO3 + 3C2H5OH ---> (C2H5)3BO3 + 3H2O Hi ca trietyl borat chy cho ngn la mu xanh l cy rt p. H2SO4 c dng ht nc sinh ra trong phn ng trn.Ngi ta thng dng phng php ny pht hin nguyn t Bo ln trong cc cht khc. 29. Dung dch mun mu Rt vo ng nghim 3ml dung dch KMnO4 bo ha l 1ml dung dch KOH 10%.Thm 10 15 git dung dch Na2SO3 long.Lc ng nghim cho ti khi xut hin mu lc sm. Khi khuy mnh, dung dch mu lc sm nhanh chng tr thnh mu xanh, tm v cui cng l thm. Gii thch: Mu lc sm xut hin l do phn ng to thnh kali manganat nh sau:

2KMnO4 + 2KOH + Na2SO3 ---> 2K2MnO4 + H2O + Na2SO4 S bin i ca mu lc sm thnh xanh tm v sm l do kali manganat b phn hy do tc dng ca oxitrong khng kh. Khi tin hnh th nghim, cn lu rng nu c d Na2SO3 hoc thiu KOH th s khng to ra K2MnO4. 30. Quy nc l thnh ru mi Bn gi cho mi ngi xem cc nc l trong sut v quy nc bng mt a thy tinh, cc nc vn khng mu. Bn tuyn b rng c php l: C th quy nc l thnh ru mi ri li quy ln, qu nhin cc nc l bin ngay thnh cc ru mi c mu hng. Cch lm: Nc l y l dung dch kim.Th d NaOH, KOH... lc u bn quy bng u a sch, ln th hai bn b mt quay u a quy bng u a nhng dung dch phenoltalein. Dung dch kim long lm cho phenoltalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng. 31. Lc nc l thnh mu Rt nc n na bnh cu ri cho thm vo 2 3ml dung dch phenoltalein. y bnh bng nt, y nt c mt khe cha mt mu NaOH hoc KOH. Lc bnh sao cho cht lng khng chm vo nt, nh vy tt nhin nc khng b nhum mu.Khi tuyn b l c th lc nc l thnh mu bn s lc mnh hn, mt phn cht kim tan vo nc v phenoltalein c mu thm. 32. Thuc hin hnh Ly giy lc tm dung dch phenoltalein ri phi kh n vn c mu trng. Ly giy ny ct thnh ch hay thnh hnh ty ri dn ln giy trng. Nhng t giy ny vo dung dch kim long, ch hay hnh s hin ln bng mu hng rt p nh khi ra nh vy. 33. Ct chy mu tay Bn cm mt con dao sng long ca vo lng bn tay, lp tc li dao ca bn b nhum mu v t lng bn tay nhng git mu ti chy xung. Bn ra sch mu v a lng bn tay va b ct cho mi ngi xem. Nhng l thay! Tay bn khng h b thng. Cch lm: Dng dung dch FeCl3 nng 3 5% (mu vng nht) xoa lng bn tay ni rng l nc iot long st trng trc khi ct, v dng dung dch KCNS nng 3 5% (khng mu) lm nc ra li dao. Ch : Cn cho cc dung dch trn cn dnh li trong lng bn tay v trn li dao cng nhiu cng tt. Dng li dao cn nhng c nh sng long lt nh ln lng bn tay, lp tc mu s chy ra. Gii thch: FeCl3 tc dng vi KCNS to thnh cht Fe(CNS)3 c mu mu. FeCl3 + 3KCNS ---> Fe(CNS)3 + 3KCl Mu xut hin ngay c trong nhng dung dch c nng ion Fe3+ rt thp, nn phn ng to ra Fe(CNS)3 c s dng rng ri trong phn tch nh tnh v nh lng. 34. Lt da bn tay Cm dao ca vo tay ri lt da tay t t, mu s a ra v mt nhn li au n. Cch lm: Bi mt lp mng glixerin vo lng bn tay, sau bi mt lp colodiong ln trn. i lp colodiong kh, li bi tip mt lp th hai. Lp colodiong dy s bc khi da tay. Xoa ln lp colodiong mt dung dch mui st (III), v d Fe2(SO4)3. Khi biu din ta cm con dao cn nhng vo dung dch KCNS, t m dao p ln trn lng bn tay ca v t t lt lp colodiong ln. Mu s chy bn tay. Gii thch: Colodiong to mng mng hi ng ng nu ging mu da tay. Mng mng colodiong bm vo tay v c th bc ra d dng. Dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 s tc dng vi dung dch KCNS to ra cht Fe(CNS)3 c mu mu. Bi glixeron ln da lp colodiong khng bm qu chc vo da tay lm cho kh lt da. Ch : C th dng phim nh ha tan vo axeton hay etyl axetat thay dung dch colodiong. 35. t chy bn tay Xn tay o ri nhng c bn tay v c tay vo chu nc. Sau nh vi git axeton vo lng bn tay v chm nhanh ngn la n cn. Bn tay s bt la v bc chy. Bn ng s, ete hay axeton s chy rt nhanh v ch mt long l chy ht, ngn la s tt. Bn ch thy hi nng ch khng h b bng. Gii thch: Ete v axeton l nhng cht bay hi rt nhanh v bt la rt mnh. Vi vi git cc cht trn, khi chy nhit lng ta ra ch lm bay hi mt phn nc trn da tay. V th, ta ch cm thy hi nng ch khng sao c. 36. Pht hin du tay iu tra cc v n mng hay trm cp, cng an thng rc bt pht hin du vn tay ca th phm. Ta cng c th biu din th nghim vui ny.Bn a mt t giy trng v sch cho khn gi v yu cu h b mt in u ngn tay ci v ngn tay tr hai bn tay ca mt ngi no ln t giy. Bn thu li

t giy v mang y p t giy ln ming l ng cn iot. Sau mt thi gian, ly ra bn s thy r cc du tay xut hin trn giy. Bn ch cn thu chng minh th ca khn gi i chiu du tay v tm ngay c th phm. Gii thch: Khi ta in tay ln giy, tay ta s li trn giy vt m ca da. Cn iot s ha tan vt m ny lm xut hin du tay. 37. Tm thm bay Ly mt ming vi nh, sc s (ging nh mt tm thm) buc vo bn gc nhng si ch tm i tm li nhiu ln bng dung dch mui n bo ha ri phi kh.Buc u kia ca nhng si ch vo bn im c nh, lm thnh mt tm thm treo. Sau ly dim tchy nhng si ch, tm thm s khng ri xung m nh bay l lng trong khng kh. Gii thch: Khi nc bay hi, nhng si bng trong ch chy bnh thng, nhng cc tinh th mui n gn nh khng mu m ta tm nc trong ch th vn cn li. Chng dnh vo nhau kh cht sc gi tm thm khng b ri.o thut s nh tht nu lm vo bui ti v ngi biu din ng pha sau, mc o sm mu. Cn chn si ch kh dy. 38. Ni la phun Ly 100g mt st mn cng vi 50g lu hunh bt. Trn k v vo mt cht nc nng cho n khi hn hp tr nn sn st. Sau , t hn hp ln mt a hoc khay st v ly t st nho trn vi nhng hn si nh, p ph ln hn hp mt st v lu hunh, sao cho ging nh mt ngn ni thc s. Dng que g chc t ming ni mt l, qua lp t st.Sau 10 12 pht ni la t hon bt u hot ng. T ming phun, khi bc m mt v dung nham phun tro ra d di, ging ht mt ngn ni la trong thin nhin, ch thiu ting n. Gii thch: Fe v S sau khi tip xc vi nhau mt thi gian ngn, bt u phn ng to thnh FeS. Phn ng ta nhit lm nc bc hi v cng nh nhit phn ng mnh, lm c khi si tro ra ngoi. 39. Giy bit chy Gp i cc bng giy ri dng ng trn mt bn. Ly u a thy tinh chm vo cc bng giy . K l thay! Cc bng giy chy bn i nh s hi chic a thy tinh. Cch lm: Ly giy lc ct thnh di hp v tm vo dung dch iot trong nc amoniac 25% ri phi kh. Nh vy cc bng giy c tm nit iotua, thc cht l hp cht ca NI3 vi mt lng amoniac bin thin. Nit iotua rt khng bn v dng kh, c th n khi c mt vt rn tip xc.Bng giy cng chy mnh nu c tm k v nng dung dch nit iotua cng m c. 40. Phong cnh ma ng x lnh un nng nc (tt nht l nc ct) ri ha tan ch nitrat vo vi t l 25g mui trong 100g nc. Sau ly mt chu thy tinh thnh dy v t y chu mt s tinh th nh amoni clorua, cch nhau. Ch cho n khi dung dch mui ch nitrat ngui th n vo chu thy tinh. Nhng mu trng nh tuyt do ch clorua to thnh s nhanh chng xut hin cc tinh th. Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4Cl ---> PbCl2 + 2NH4NO3 Cc mm s pht trin kh nhanh v pha trn v mc thm nhng nhnh xung quanh. Nhng cnh trng nh tuyt dn dn ln vi nhau v sau mt gi, mt phong cnh ma ng s xut hin trc mt bn. 41. Cy Diana Nhng mt si dy ng nh sch v un thnh hnh l x vo mt dung dch bc nitrat trong nc, trongdung dch s xut hin mt dng cy bng bc gi l cy Diana (Diana l n thn La M v sn bn). Gii thch: ng hot ng ha hc mnh hn bc nn y bc ra khi mui. Bc c gii phng bm vo si dy ng to ra cy bng bc. Cu + 2AgNO3 ---> Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 42. Pho dy n gin Gm cc ha cht ly theo t l khi lng nh sau: 68% KNO3 + 15% S + 12% C + 5% Mg.Tt c u sy kh (tr S) v nghin mn ring tng th.Trn tht k hn hp.Ct nhng bng giy bn mng ngang 3cm, ri u hn hp trn bng giy ri cun li theo cch v xon.Trn mt giy bn mng c nhng si nh, c tc dng kt dnh gi cc cht bt mn khng b ri.Khi chy, magie s pht ra nhng tia sng trng trng rt p mt. 43. Pho hoa C th lm pho hoa nh kiu pho dy. Cng thc pha ch nh sau: -La mu xanh l cy: 55% Ba(NO3)2 + 20% KNO3 + 15% S + 5% Mg + 5% C. -La : 55% Sr(NO3)2 + 20% KNO3 + 15% S + 5% Mg + 5% C. -La vng: 60% NaNO3 + 15% S + 10% PbS + 15% C.

-La tm: 50% KNO3 + 15% KClO3 + 15% K2CO3 + 15% phn nhm + 5% C. Nu c iu kin th cho thm mi cng thc 2 5% SbS th pho chy tt hn. 44. Pho hoa t ming ng nghim Trn na tha kali pemanganat KMnO4 v cng chng y than g nghin nh. c hn hp y vo mt th nghim, kp cht v t nng. Mt lc sau, t ming ng nghim s bn ra mt b nhng tia la sng rc nh chm hoa. Gii thch: Khi un nng, KMnO4 b phn hy gii phng ra oxi: 2KMnO4 ---> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 Oxi c gii phng s t chy cc ht than rt nh c nung nng. Kh oxi thot ra t trong hn hp lm bn tung cc ht than ang chy ln. 45. Pin bt ch Pin ny cng theo nguyn tc ch to nh chic pin thng dng.Ch chic bt ch ly li v tho mt chic pin hng ly MnO2.Nghin MnO2 thnh bt thm mt cht keo v pht oxit ny quanh li ch. Tip dng giy bc bc li sao cho lp mt ca giy bc tip xc vi MnO2. C th qun vi lp v cui cng dn li cho cht.Ch : Khng bc ht li ch m mt u h 1cm. Ly dy qun cht vo hai cc, ta s c mt chic pin. chng t c dng in, ta nh vi git phenoltalein vo nc mui, nhng dy dn ni hai cc capin vo nc mui, mu hng s xut hin quanh cc m, v dung dch NaCl b in phn to ra OH ti cc m. 46. Lm thay i mu bc k ha Dng giy qu tm ct thnh nhng di nh ri dn theo nt v ca mt bc k ha, ta s c mt bc k ha c to ra theo kiu ct dn.Nhng bc k ha mu tm vo dung dch axit, n s bin thnh mu nht, ly ra nhng vo dung dch kim, n li bin thnh mu xanh. 47. Cy ph tuyt cc nc n i, v ma ng rt lnh, cy ci thng rng ht l v b ph tuyt trng xa.Ta c th to ra cnh cy ph tuyt nh sau: Dng cc phoi ng chp ni thnh mt ci cy rng ht l. Th chm ci cy ny vo cc thy tinh loi ln cha y dung dch AgNO3. Sau vi gi cy s b ph y tuyt trng xa. Gii thch: Cu hot ng hn Ag nn y Ag ra khi mui AgNO3. Cu + 2AgNO3 ---> Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Cc tinh th Ag bm trn cnh cy trng ging nh cy b ph tuyt. 48. Chic a to la Bn tuyn b l c chic a to la. C th dng ly la khng cn n dim. Bn a u a thy tinh ny vo chn s. Cht cha trong chn s bng chy. Gii thch: Cht cha trong chn s l cacbon isunfua CS2. u a thy tinh cn c t nng trc. Cht CS2 c th bc chy nhit thp pht ra ngn la mu vng c mi kh ngi. Nn thi tt ngn la ngay. 49. Cht lm si dung dch C hai chu hay bnh thy tinh cha dung dch mu tm hng v mu xanh.Bn tuyn b l mi iu ch c mt cht c tnh cht k l l lm si ngay cc dung dch m khng cn un nng.Bn b vo cc dung dch trn cc mu nc kh (CO2 trng thi rn) hay cn gi l tuyt cacbonic. Nc kh s thng hoa rt nhanh lm cc bt kh CO2 thot ra rt mnh trng ging nh cc dung dch ang si sng sc.Mun c dung dch mu tm hng ta pha vo nc vi tinh th KMnO4, dung dch mu xanh th pha vi gam CuSO4.5H2O.Cc dung dch c mu lm cho th nghim p mt hn. 50. Bong bng x phng bay l lng Bn dng ng thy tinh nh thi vo nc x phng ng trong mt bnh thy tinh. Bong bng x phng bay ln v l lng gn ming bnh ch khng ri xung y bnh. Cch lm: Trong bnh thy tinh cha nc x phng bn np y kh CO2. Kh CO2 nng hn khngkh ngn khng cho bong bng x phng ri xung y bnh. 51. Lc cng lm i mu dung dch Trong mt bnh thy tinh nt kn cha mt cht lng khng mu. Bn cm bnh lc mnh ln pha trn. Cht lng trong bnh bin thnh mu xanh c, mi giy sau, n chuyn sang mu hng ri bin thnh khng mu. Cch lm: Ha tan 5g KOH, 3g extroz, mt t cht xanh metylen vo mt phn t lt nc v vo bnh dung tch mt lt, nt cht bnh bng nt cao su. Khi lc nhanh v mnh v pha trn s to ra s i mu. Nu lc nhanh v mnh hn, cht lng s gi mu lu hn.C th lp li th nghim nhiu ln, sau

vi ngy cc cht phn ng s mt dn tnh i mu. Nn ly rt t cht xanh metylen. S i mu xy ra do tc ng ca khng kh ln cht phn ng. 52. Dung dch lm nc ng bng mt t nc ln mt ming g mng ri t ln mt cc thy tinh. nc vo cc ri ha tan vo 50g mui amoni nitrat NH4NO3. Quy cho mui ha tan, s ha tan hp th kh nhiu nhit lm cho dung dch trong cc lnh n mc nc y cc ng bng v lm cho ming g dnh cht vo y cc. 53. Dp tt ri thp li ngn nn bng kh Bn cm mt ng ong ng mt kh vo ngn nn ang chy, ngn nn tt. Cm tip ng ong vo ngn nn va tt, ngn nn li bng chy. Gii thch: ng ong th nht cha kh CO2 cn ng ong th hai cha kh O2. Cn ngay kh O2 khi ngn nn va tt v cn tn . 54. Pht ha bng nc 5g bt nhm ln mt ming gch men thnh ng hnh nn cao 1cm. Rc khong 0,5g bt natri peoxit ln, dng que m gt nh sao cho bt natri peoxit thm vo kim loi nhm.Nh mt git nc vo hn hp n s bng chy vi ngn la sng chi. Gii thch: Nc tc dng vi Na2O2 theo phn ng sau: 2Na2O2 + 2H2O ---> 4NaOH + O2 Phn ng trn gii phng O2 v ta nhit lm cho bt nhm bc chy. 55. Bc v bng la Dng bt lng v thuc v c bit v mt bc tranh. Khi va v xong cc nt v lin bc chy to ra bc v bng la. Cch lm: Ha tan photpho trng vo cacbon isunfua lm thuc v. Khi v xong, cacbon isunfua bay hi v photpho trng t bc chy trong khng kh. Ch : Phi v nhanh xong trc khi photpho bc chy. Dung dch photpho rt d bt la v gy bng da nn phi thn trng khi s dng. 56. n la Mt qu chui chn bc la c a vo ming n ngon lnh. Nghe qua thy khip s!Bn c th thc hin mn biu din ny vi nho kh rc chy v dng a a vo ming. Cch lm v gii thch: Bn hy nhng mt u qu chui chn vo cn (ru etylic) ri dng bt la t ln. Ngn la s tt do bn thi, lc a qu chui vo ming.S ngui nhanh ca nhng tri cy khi b t bng cn gip ta c th n lin, ngay khi tri cy ang rc la. 57. Ting n di chn Rc nhng mu giy xung sn nh, khi bc ln ta s nghe thy nhng ting n lp bp di chn. Cch lm v gii thch: Cht gy n l NI3. dng kh cht ny pht n khi b va chm nh. Sc n khng mnh nhng cc nhy. Khi m t n khng n. dung dch NH3 m c vo chu thy tinh ri ha iot v nit iotua vo . Lc dung dch ly phn bt m pht ln nhng ming giy lc. X giy lc thnh nhng ming nh ri phi tht kh. 58. Chy trong kh cacbonic Dng kp st kp mt u on dy magie ri t u dy kia cho chy sng. Sau a vo trong cc ng kh cacbonic. Magie tip tc chy sng chi trong kh cacbonic, phn ng to ra magie oxit mu trng bm y vo kp st v ri xung y cc, ng thi to ra nhng vn cacbon mu en y cc. 2Mg + CO2 ---> 2MgO + C 59.o hoa bo ma, nng Lm mt "a hoa bo ma, nng" nh hng dn di y, bn c th dng trc nghim s thay i ca thi tit.Dng loi giy nhn mu lm mt o hoa hng, ri pht nc mui c ln nhng cnh hoa (ho mui n vi nc, khuy u, cho thm mui n cho ti khi mui n khng tan c na l c nc mui c, dung dch mui bo ho), ri cm o hoa vo chu hoa.Nu sc mu ca hoa b nht i th thi tit nht nh s nng, cn mu sc hao tr nn thm hn th thi tit s rm hoc ma. l v o hoa giy thm nc mui c th d dng hp thu nc. Ngy rm kh p thp, m khng kh ln, hoa giy tip xc vi khng kh c m ln th c th hp thu nc trong khng kh, nn hao giy tr nn thm mu hn ln mt cht. Ngc li, vo ngy nng kh p cao, m khng kh nh, hoa giy chng hp thu c nc nn ng nhin vn gi mu vn c, hoc thy nht i mt cht. 60.t chy ng ng n c th t chy c khng? Chng ta hy cng nhau lm mt th nghim th xem sao!

Trn mt np hp bng thic ri chnh gia mt t ht ng (ng knh, ng ct, ...). Bn a que dim ang chy vo t chy nhng ht ng th d bn c xoay x t bao nhiu ln cng chng t chy c n. Phi chng l ng khng th chy? By gi bn hy rc mt s tn thuc l ln nhng ht ng ri th t li xem sao. Lc ny th ng s chy, pht ra ngn la mu xanh lam cho ti khi chy ht.Sau khi chy xong, tn thuc l rc vo ng vn l tn thuc l v khng tng, khng gim v s lng, nhng n li thc y cho ng chy. Ngi ta gi n l cht xc tc. 61.Th ti (mi) ca bt m Bt m lu, do tc dng ca oxy, nc, vi sinh vt trong khng kh, c th sinh ra hin tng b chua, h hng. Mun bit bt m c cn ti mi hay khng, c th dng cht th ho hc kin nh n gin, nh sau: 1. Ly mt bnh thu tinh hnh nn, dung tch 150ml. Cho vo bnh 40ml nc ct, ri cho 5 gam bt m bit chc l ti, mi vo bnh, khuy trn u, cho ti khi khng cn cc bt no trong nc. Tip nh vo 5 git dung dch cht th phenolphatalin, lc u. Lc ny dung dch trong bnh thy tinh hnh nn l khng mu.Pha long dung dch natri hydroxyt (NaOH) 0,02%. dng ng nh git pipet (c khc vch trn ng) ht dung dch natri hydroxyt 0,02%, nh git vo bnh hnh nn. Va nh, va lc u bnh hnh nn cho ti khi dung dch trong bnh chuyn sang mu nht, trong 1 - 2 pht cng khng b mt mu th dng li, ghi s lng dung dch natri hydroxyt dng chun . 2. Sau ly 5g bt m cn th ti, mi. Cho bt vo bnh hnh nn cng vi 40ml nc ct, 5 git phenolphtalin, khuy u, v cng dng dung dch natri hydroxyt 0,02% chun nh vi bt m ti, mi. Ghi li s lng dung dch natrihydroxyt khi dung dch bt tr nn c mu nht, khng mt mu trong vng 1 - 2 pht.Nu lng dng dung dch natri hydroxyt khi chun bt m cn th m tng t nh ln chun bt m ti, mi (ln chun trn) th tin chc bt m cn th l ti, mi; cn nu dung dch NaOH nhiu hn 2,5 ln so vi ln chun bt m ti, mi th bt m tn tr qu lu, khng th dng n c na. Thnh phn ch yu ca bt m l tinh bt (C6H10O5)n. Tinh bt gi lu th dn dn phn gii thnh glucose; glucose trong iu kin thch hp, li phn gii thnh cc loi axit hu c. Phenolphtalin khng c mu trong dung dch axit c mu trong dung dch kim. Do hm lng axit hu c cao trong bt m bin cht nn khng th dng n n. 62.Cch phn bit nhanh go np v go lc Ly my ht go np v go lc nu chn, ln lt t ln hai tm thy tinh khc nhau. Nhn hnh chc bn ngoi th chng rt kh phn bit c u l ht gp np v u l ht go lc. C cch g phn bit nhanh hai loi ht khng? C. V xin gii thiu mt cch hay, mi bn th xem. Tm mt l cn It vn thng dng st trng, tiu c trong ngnh y. Ln lt nh 1 git cn It ln ht go lc v ht go np trn hai tm thy tinh. S thy ht go lc khi tip xc vi It th hin ra mu xanh lam, v ht go np khi tip xc vi It th hin ra mu nu. Nh vy, tht n gin m tht nhanh phn bit ht go np v ht go lc. Hm lng tinh bt ca go lc, go np u phong ph. Th th v sao khi chng gp it li i mu khc nhau? Gii thch. Nhng ht tinh bt trong go lc c mch phn t thng (khi lng phn t khong 200.000 n v cacbon), ta nh nhng que g c xp thnh ng rt th t, lin tip nhau; cn tinh bt trong go np l tinh bt c mch phn t phn nhnh (khi lng phn t khong 1.000.000 n v cacbon), ging nh nhng khc g c cht xong xp ng ngu nhin vi nhau. n thc phm lm bng go np th no lu hn do tinh bt ca go np c mch phn t phn nhnh, khng d c c th tiu ha. Cho nn khng nn n qu nhiu thc phm bng go np mt lc. 63.Cch tm Vitamin C Mun bit trong rau no c vitamin C hay khng c th kim tra nhanh bng cch sau y: Cho vo bnh thu tinh mt t tinh bt, ri mt t nc, khuy trn bnh que nh u tinh bt v nc, nh 2 - 3 git ru lt vo hn hp nc - tinh bt mu trng sa th hn hp i thnh mu tm xanh. Ly 2 - 3 tu rau xanh, tc l rau ch li cung l, ri em p ly dch t cung l, sau t t nh vo hn hp tinh bt - it mu tm xanh, va nh vo, va lc. Khi , bn s pht hin: Dung dch mu xanh tm li bin mu, tr thnh mu trng sa. Do tinh bt gp It th bin thnh mu tm xanh - l c tnh ca tinh bt. Nhng, vitamin C lm cho it bt bin thnh dung dch khng mu.Khi nh dch rau vo hn hp tinh bt c cha It th do c tc dng ca vitamin C trong dch rau m It bin thnh cht lng khng mu. Cho nn hn hp vn c mu xanh bin thnh hn hp tinh bt mu trng sa. 64.Thi kh lm i mu

Ly mt t vi cho vo trong cc thu tinh, thm nc lnh, khuy trn, lng ri gn ly phn dung dch trong, khng mu vo mt chic cc. Bn cm mt u ng ht vo cc, mt u ng ht th ngm trong ming m thi hi vo cc ng nc vi. Ch mt lt, bn s thy nc vi ang trong, khng mu tr nn c, vn.Nhng tip tc thi, bn s thy dung dch trong cc bin tr li thnh trong sut.Nc vi cha trong cc khi gp phi kh cacbonic c trong hi bn th ra s phn ng to ra canxi cacbonat. Canxi cacbonat l nhng ht rt nh, khng d lng, kt ta nn l lng trong nc, cho nn bn thy nc tr nn vn c mu trng sa. Khi tip tc thi kh cacbonic vo trong cc th do canxi cacbonic phn ng vi n to ra canxihydro cacbonat l cht tan trong nc nn cht lng trong cc li bin thnh trong sut. 65.Nc trong bin thnh nc c Chn 2 chic cc thu tinh, mt chic ng nc (nc my, hoc nc sng), mt chic ng nc un si ngui. Sau cho thm vo mi cc 5 git nc x phng lc qua bng y t khuy trn u. Mt lt sau bn s thy nc trong cc ng nc lnh rt c, c nhiu kt ta trng, cn cc ng nc un si ngui th rt t kt ta, nc cng khng c nhiu. Nc lnh c cha nhiu cht khong v cc tp cht khc, nh canxi, magi... Chng cng nh mui n (NaCl) ho tan trong nc vy. Sau khi cho x phng vo trong nc th s nhng cht mui khong s "vng vu" li cng vi nhau, bin thnh kt ta trng, khng tan trong nc. Nhng cht khong v tp cht cng nhiu, kt ta cng nhiu.Nu em un si nc, trong qu trnh un si, mt b phn cht khong v tp cht "chy" ra khi nc, bin thnh cn nc bm vo thnh bnh nu nc. Do th, tp cht trong nc un si ngui t hn so vi nc cha un si, v sau khi cho thm vo x phng, cht kt ta cng s t hn. 66.Cht kh trong nc ung c gaz Nhng ngy nng nc, mi ngi thch ung nc ung c gaz. Bn c thy trong nc ung c gaz c nhiu bt khng? l kh g vy? N c ch g vi chng ta? Hy lm th nghim sau tm cc cu gii p. Tm mt ming bt xp gt thnh mt chic nt chai, c mt l gc nt lng kht vo mt ng cao su. trong mt l rng ming, t vo mt cy nn ang chy. M np chai nc ung c gaz, dng chic nt chai chun b nt ming chai nc ung c gaz, mt u ng cao su th vo trong l rng ming, ri nh nh xc chai nc ung c gaz th cht kh bc ln trong chai nc ung c gaz s theo ng cao su sang l rng ming, ch lt sau lm tt ngn nn ang chy. Nu th chuyn u ng cao su cm vo trong nc vi, nc vi trong s tr nn c ngu. Chng ta c th phn on cht kh trong nc ung c gaz chnh l kh cacbonc. Khi ung nc c gaz th s khng ngng ra th kh , t m thi ra theo mt phn nhit lng trong c th lm cho ngi c cm gic mt m, d chu. 67.Ni, chm nhng vin long no Trong mt cc ng gim th vo my vin long no th thy cc vin long no u chm xung y cc. Khi , thm vo cc mt lng nh sa (Na2CO3) s thy cc vin long no ni dn ln, nhng sau khi ni ln ti mt nc trong cc n li chm xung y cc, c nh vy lp i lp li, trng rt th v. V sao vin long no li ni ln, chm xung trong cc nc nh vy. Gii thch: Sa gp gim th php sinh phn ng ho hc to ra bt kh cacbonc (CO2). Bt kh cacbonic bm vo b mt vin long no, ta nh nhng "ci phao" buc vo vin long no, lm cho vin long no c nng ln. Khi cht kh trong bt kh khuch tn vo khng kh th vin long no mt "phao" nn li chm xung. Qu trnh c lp li nh vy. 68.Nh tng: du v nc Cho nc sch vo ti na bnh ca mt bnh thu tinh trong sut, thm vo mt t du n. Khi du ni trn mt nc, mt phn cch gia du v nc rt r rng. Dng tay lc bnh thu tinh, cng bc du v nc to thnh mt pha; khi yn mt lc th du v nc li phn thnh hai lp trn di r rng. Khi li cho thm vo trong bnh mt t cht ty ra (hoc bt git qun o), sau lc bnh tht k ri quan st s thy du v nc khng cn phn tng thnh hai lp na m ho lm mt vi nhau. Gii thch: Bi cht ty ra c mt thuc tnh c bit l c th bao vy tng git du, em phn tn u trong nc; tc dng nh th c gi l "tc dng nh ho". Hn hp nc v du c hnh thnh nh tc dng nh ho c gi l "nh tng". Sa, du gan c thu mu trng sa m mi ngi vn ung u dng nh tng.

Bt git c th kh i vt du trn qun o cht ty ra c th ty sch du l do chng c th tch phn t du trn qun o a vo trong nc. 69.V sao khng th dng nc nng ty, git vt mu? Vt mu dnh trn qun o cn phi lp tc git sch, nu khng th mt thi gian sau, vt mu s rt kh kh i ht. Khng c dng nc nng git ty vt mu m ch c th dng nc lnh. V iu ny c th dng thc nghim gii thch. Ly hai ming vi trng, ln lt nh ln tng tm vi git mu g va ct tit. em mt ming vi ngm trong nc nng, v m ming vi kia ngm vo nc lnh. Sau khong 15 pht, vt hai ming vi ra, s thy vt mu trn ming vi ngm trong nc nng c mu en, cn trn ming vi ngm trong nc lnh th vt mu vn ti v nht i. Ly x phng xt v git hai ming vi th thy: Vt mu trn ming vi tng ngm trong nc lnh th git sch ht, cn ming vi tng ngm trong nc nng th khng cn cch no git sch c! Protein trong dch mu khi gp nhit cao th pht sinh chuyn bin ho hc. Vt mu khi cha pht sinh nhng bin i ho hc th c th tan trong nc, cn sau khi c nhng bin i do tc dng ca nhit th tr nn khng tan trong nc. C th quan st thc t iu trn mu g: Sau khi un nng th mu g tr thnh "ming tit" khng th tan c na, v do vy vt mu khng git ty sch. Cng vi l do trn, vt mu khi ra ngoi khng kh mt thi gian di th cng pht sinh nhng bin i ho hc. l nguyn nhn dn n vic khng d git ty vt mu c. 70.Dung dch hnh vit... th mt Ly hai nhnh hnh, ct b l ch gi li nn hnh, dng tay bp cho chy ra dch ca hnh sau dng bt lng chm vo dch ca hnh vit ln mt trang giy trng. vi pht cho dch hnh kh, v khi khng cn thy nt ch trn t giy trng na. Nhng khi em h t giy trng trn ngn la ca cy nn th nhng nt ch mu nu s lp tc hin ra. Dch ca hnh c th lm cho giy pht sinh bin i ho hc, hnh thnh mt cht tng t nh mng trong sut vy. im chy ca cht thp hn s vi im chy ca giy, nn khi h trn la, n s b chy, dn ti hin ta nt ch mu nu. Gim trng, nc chanh (nc vt t mi qu chanh...) u c c tnh ny, ngha l cng c th dng vit... "th mt"! 71.Ti sao khi nh cm bng dy bc th dy bc b ha en? Ti sao khi nh cm bng dy bc, dy bc s b ha en. dy bc sng trng tr li, ngi ta ngm dy bc trong nc tiu Nhng ngi b cm trong c th thng sinh ra nhng hp cht dng sunfua c tnh c. Khi nh cm bng bc, do lu hunh c i lc mnh vi Ag nn xy ra phn ng to Ag2S mu en, do loi c cht c khi c th. 2Ag + - S - <--> Ag2S (en) Trong nc tiu c NH3, khi ngm dy bc vo xy ra phn ng Ag2S + 4NH3 <--> 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + S2-. Ag2S b ha tan , b mt Ag li tr nn sng tr li. 72.V sao t cay? Ci v bc la ca t thc ra l mt mo tin ho c dng chn ng cc con th nh n qu v ph hu ht ca chng. Nhng kho thay, to ho vn cn cha li loi chim, vn "tnh b" trc v cay, c th n c th qu kh nut ny v truyn ni ging ca t i xa hn. iu ny gip m bo s sng cn ca h nh t. Mt nhm nghin cu t i hc Montana v i hc Bc Arozina (M) tm thy trong t cht capsaicin khin n c v cay nng c bit. Cht ny kch thch cc vng da v li, vn l ni cm nhn ci nng v au, nh la no rng n ang t chy da. Capsaicin khin th phi chy xa nhng li khng h hn g vi chim. Khi tm hiu thi quen n ung ca ng vt sng xung quanh vng c nhiu t mc min Nam Arizona, ngi ta thy chut v cc loi gm nhm sa mc khng h ng n th qu ny nhng li chn ngon lnh cc hoa qu khc. Trong khi , chim gn nh c quyn vi mn t. Pht hin ny c th m ra nhng phng thc mi kim sot hiu qu cc loi chim gy hi cho cy trng, hoc ch ra th ht c bit tiu dit ng vt c hi m khng nh hng n cc loi chim. 73.V sao c c mi tanh? C c mi tanh l do trong c c cha mt cht c gc amin (NH) c mi v tanh, in hnh l trimelylamin NH(CH3) l cht c mi tanh ni tri nht. Ngi ta cng nh lng c trong 100g c nc ngt c t 66-116 mg trimetylamin, cn trong 100g c bin c t 250-470mg cht (c l v th nn chng ta thng cm thy c bin tanh hn c nc ngt).

Trong mt con c cng c nhng b phn tanh nhiu, tanh t khc nhau. Chng hn, cht nht b mt, m, rut, lp mng en bng con c m v hoa kh trong u con c tr... l nhng b phn tanh nhiu hn so vi phn tht c. 74.Ti sao trc khi dng bnh cu ho ta phi dc ngc bnh ri mi m vi? (H2N2)-Trong bnh cha chy ngi ta thng H2SO4 v mui cacbonat ca natri. Khi cn dng th phi dc ngc hai cht tip xc vi nhau v phn ng to CO2 NaHCO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O. Do CO2 l kh khng duy tr s chy v nng hn khng kh s lm tt la. Nhng khng phi m chy no cng dng CO2 dp c v d cc v chy kim loi c i lc mnh vi Oxi nh Mg , Al , K. V cc kim loi s kt hp vi Oxi trong CO2 v chy rt mnh trong CO2. 4Al + 3 CO2 2Al2O3 + 3C Trong trng hp ny dng ct th tt hn. 75.Pho hoa trn mt bn Nghin nh ng knh v KClO3 ring tng th mt ri trn cn thn trn mt t giy theo t l bng nhau v khi lng c 5 8 g hn hp (ch : khng c nghin chung hai th vi nhau v c th n). Chia hn hp thnh bn phn bng nhau ri ln lt trn thm vo phn th nht : mui NaCl, phn th hai : mui KCl, phn th ba : mui Ca(NO3)2 v phn th t : mui CuCl2. cc hn hp trn thnh tng ng hnh nn cch nhau khong 20cm trn mt ming st ty ri trn mt bn. Ly ng nh git nh H2SO4 m c vo cc hn hp trn, chng s bng chy v cho cc ngn la c mu sc rc r, vng, tm, gch, xanh l cy p nh t pho hoa vy. Gii thch : Axit H2SO4 tc dng vi KClO3 thao phng trnh ha hc sau : 4KClO3 + 2H2SO4 2K2SO4 + 4ClO2 + 2H2O + O2 Phn ng to ra ClO2 l mt cht kh mu vng nu, c tnh oxi ha rt mnh. N oxi ha ng l mt hp cht hu c lm cho ng bng chy. Mu ca ngn la l do cc ion kim loi cha trong cc mui khi ta trn thm vo to nn. Ngn la c Na+ mu vng ; K+ mu tm ; Ca++ mu gch ; Cu++ mu xanh l cy. 76.Pho dy nhiu mu Vi mt s ha cht, chng ta c th lm nhng chic pho dy rt nhiu mu sc. Thnh phn chnh cun pho dy l kali clorat KClO3, thm vo mt vi cht d chy : ng bt hoc than bt, liu lng nh sau : 5 g KClO3 + 2 g ng bt hoc than bt. Mun ngn la c mu vng p. Thm 1g lu hunh v 1,5g natri oxalat ; mun mu xanh l cy, thm 2,5g bari cacbonat v 1g ng cacbonat ; mun mu xanh da tri, thm 1,5g lu hunh v 2g ng cacbonat ; mun mu tm thm 2g phn nhm kali ; mun mu , thm 2g stronti nitrat. Nu treo nhng dy khc mu trn cy vo gia lc giao tha m t cng mt lc th v cng p mt. Nu trn c by nhiu mu vo cng mt dy m t th s c nhng tia la mun mu rc r. 77.Hin tng ma tri Ma tri l mt hin tng gy cho con ngi nhiu t m v cng khng t s hi t trc n nay, v cng khng phi ai cng bit hin tng ny c th gii thch bng ha hc. Hin tng ma tri thng xut hin nhng vng m ly, ngha a(ni chung l hu ht nhng ni m con ngi thy s) l hin tng xut hin nhng m la chy sng trong khng kh gy cho con ngi s s hi.Bn cht ca hin tng ny c gii thch vi s tham gia ca 2 cht kh l photphin(PH3) v diphotphin(P2H4), P2H4 l cht c kh nng t chy trong khng kh, khi chy n to ra nhit lng lm tng nhit ln n khong 1500C th PH3 tip tc chy v kt qu l xut hin ngn la ma tri. Mt cu hi t ra : PH3, P2H4 xut hin do u?? p n chnh l ni chng ta hay thy chng. m ly, ngha a c nhiu xc sinh vt l ngun photpho rt ln hnh thnh PH3,P2H4 bng hot ng ca cc vi khun trong t. Ni n y th c l cc bn hiu, hi vng sau khi c bi vit ny cc bn s khng phi s khi i m. 78.V sao nm t n xung ao lm c cht? Tr li: t n c thnh phn chnh l canxicacbua khi tc dng vi nc sinh ra kh axetilen v canxihidroxit. CaC2 + 2H2O -> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 Axetilen c th tc dng vi nc sinh ra andehitaxetic. Cc cht ny lm tn thng n hot ng h hp ca c v vy c th lm cht c.

79.Nc kh l g v c cng dng nh th no? Nc kh (hay cn gi l tuyt cacbonic) c iu ch t kh CO2 hoc CO2 ho lng. y cc tc nhn lnh th rn cung cp lnh cho ni tiu th lnh bng cc bin i trng thi: kh thng hoa thnh hi, khng qua trng thi lng. CO2 ho lng, c bit l nc kh (khng c hi), c ng dng thch hp bo qun nhng sn phm k m v dng lm lnh ng thc phm. Dng kh lm lnh v bo qun gin tip cc sn phm c bao gi nhng c th dng lm lnh v bo qun trc tip. Chnh cht tc nhn lnh ny (CO2) lm c ch s sng ca vi sinh vt, gia c v ngt - mu sc cho hoa qu. ng thi hn ch c tn hao khi lng t nhin ca sn phm do s bay hi t b mt sn phm v cc qu trnh ln men, phn hu. 80.Vi sao cc con tau thng gn mt ming kim loai Kem Zn phia sau ui tau? Thn tau bin c ch tao bng gang thep. Gang thep la hp kim cua st, cacbon va mt s nguyn t khac. i lai trn bin, thn tau tip xuc thng xuyn vi nc bin la dung dich cht in li nn st bi n mon, gy h hong. bao v thn tau thng ap dung bin phap sn nhm khng cho gang thep cua thn tau tip xuc trc tip vi nc bin. Nhng phia ui tau, do tac ng cua chn vit, nc bi khuy ng manh lit nn bin phap sn la cha u. Do o ma phai gn tm kem vao ui tau. Khi o se xay ra qua trinh n mon in hoa. Kem la kim loai hoat ng hn st nn bi n mon, con st thi khng bi mt mat gi. Sau mt thi gian ming kem bi n mon thi se c thay th theo inh ki. Vic nay va tn kem hn nhiu so vi sa cha thn tau. Ap dung: S n mon kim loai c bit la n mon in hoa hang nm gy tn tht tht nghim trong cho nn kinh t quc dn. Con ngi lun c gng tim ra nhng phng phap chng n mon kim loai. Phng phap in hoa ( dung Zn) bao v vo tau bin nh trn rt hiu qua va c ng dung rt rng rai. Giao vin co th nu vn sau khi day xong bai n mon kim loai( Tit 39-40 lp 12) cho hoc sinh giai thich nhm giup cho hoc sinh bit cach vn dung kin thc giai thich hin tng trong cuc sng. 81.Lm th no tranh sn du ht en? Phng trin lm trng by nhiu bc ha v cnh tuyt bay, khoc ln vn vt mt mu trng sng ng. Nhng sau nhiu nm, mu tuyt xn dn, tranh bin thnh cnh cht. Mt nh ho hc n trin lm, dng bng tm ho cht lau nh mt tranh. Cnh tuyt hin ra lung linh ngay sau . Nh ha hc dng dung dch oxi ho (nc oxy gi - H202) lm bin mt mu en trn bc tranh. ng x l c "li thi gian" ny v bit mu tuyt trng trn bc tranh sn du c thnh phn l bt phn ch (ch II oxit). Phn ch thng l mu trng, nhng n c th tc dng vi kh hydro sunfua trong khng kh to thnh ch sunfua mu en. Tuy nhin, v phn ng xy ra chm, ng thi, lng kh hydro sunfua trong khng kh t, nn lng ch sunfua to thnh cng khng nhiu. Do vy mu trng trn bc ha ch b sm mu m khng en hn. Ch cn dng dung dch H202 lau qua bc tranh th s bin mu en ca ch sunfua thnh phn ch mu trng. Hydro sunfua trong khng kh xut hin khi chng ta t nhin liu. Chng hn trong than c t 1-1,5 % lu hunh, du m cng c lu hunh. Khi t chy nhin liu, lu hunh tc dng vi oxi to thnh hydro sunfua. Cht ny cng sinh ra trong qu trnh thi ra ca ng vt. 82.Xng my bay c g khc xng thng? Xng my bay l nhin liu c ch s ctan cao, c s dng cho cc my bay (hoc dng cho t ua). Xng my bay trong ting Anh c vit tt l Avgas (vit tt ca Aviation gasoline) phn bit vi xng Mogas (vit tt ca Motor gasoline) l cc loi xng s dng hng ngy cho t, xe my. Xng my bay c tnh bay hi thp hn so vi xng Mogas v khng bay hi nhanh, y l thuc tnh quan trng s dng cc cao ln. Ch s ctan cao thu c l nh s b sung ca tetraetyl ch (vit tt ting Anh: TEL), mt cht tng i c b ngng s dng cho t phn ln cc nc trong nhng nm 1980. Thnh phn du m chnh c s dng trong pha trn xng my bay l alkylat, n l hn hp ca cc loi izctan khc nhau, v mt s cc nh my lc du s dng c reformat. Do TEL l mt ph gia kh t, mt lng cc tiu ca n thng thng c thm vo nhin liu n t ch s ctan yu cu. Hin xng Avgas c 3 loi: Avgas 80/87, c t ch nht vi hm lng ti a l 0,5 gam ch trn 1 galng ("gallon"; 1 gallon = 3,785 lit), v n c s dng trong cc ng c c t s nn rt thp; Avgas

100/130: l xng my bay c ch s ctan cao hn, cha ti a 4 gam ch trn 1 galng; Avgas 100LL: cha ti a 2 gam ch trn mt galng, v l xng my bay ph bin nht. 100LL (LL trong ting Anh l t ch) c to ra thay th cho Avgas 100/130. h tr phn bit cc loi xng ny, nh sn xut cho cc cht nhum mu c thm vo nhin liu. 80/87 c mu , 100/130 c mu xanh lc, v 100LL c mu lam, trong khi nhin liu my bay phn lc, JET A1 th khng c nhum mu. 83.Cht g c trong da lm nh tht? Da cha cc loi enzym (men) khc nhau, trong c loi enzym bromelain phn hy protein rt mnh Theo ThS Nguyn Vn Dng, Trung tm cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh thc phm: Da l loi qu c cha nhiu axit hu c cao nh axit malic v axit xitric. Ngoi ra, da cng cha cc loi enzym (men) khc nhau, trong c loi enzym bromelain phn hy protein rt mnh, gip cho c th tiu ha cht m, nhiu hn l tiu m. V th, khi nu da vi tht rt nhanh mm, n d tiu, gip gim cn. Cng c th v enzym ny m khi n da ti, nht l trc ba n thng b rt li. hn ch men ny nh hng, trc khi n da ti nn ra qua nc mui long loi b cc cht bn cng nh trung ha enzym. 84.V sao nc rau mung ang xanh khi vt chanh vo c mu ? C mt s hp cht ho hc gi l cht ch th mu, chng lm cho dung dch thay i mu khi axit thay i. Trong rau mung (v vi loi rau mung khc) c cht ch th mu ny. Trong chanh c cha 7% axit citric, vt chanh vo nc rau lm thay i axit v to phc vi axit citric, do lm thay i mu nc rau. Khi cha vt chanh, nc rau mung c mu xanh lt l cha cht kim canxi. 85.V sao n sn (c m) hay mng c khi b ng c? n sn hay mng b ng c khi chng cha nhiu axit xianhyric (HCN). dng tinh khit axit xianhyric l cht kh mi hanh nhn, c v ng v rt c. Nhit nng chy l -13,3oc, tan trong nc, ru, ete v l axit rt yu. Trong thin nhin gp dng lin kt trong mt s thc vt ( ht mn, o, c sn, mng ti). Sn luc hay mng luc hoc xo nu c v ng l cha nhiu axit xianhyric, c nguy c b ng c. Khi luc sn cn m vung axit xianhyric bay hi, sn phi kh, gi thnh bt lm bnh th khi n khng bao gi b ng c v khi phi kh axit xianhyric s bay ht hi. Trong cng nghip axit xianhyric c iu ch bng cch oxi ho hn hp kh metan (CH4) v amoniac (NH3), c xc tc platin. Axit xianhyric l nguyn liu iu ch tng hp cc cht cao phn t. Axit xianhyric dng t do dng lm cht xng hi chng cn trng gy bnh. Mui ca axit xianhyric nh kali xianua (KCN) dng trong tng hp cht hu c, trong nhip nh v tch kim loi vng ra khi qung. 86.V sao nn bi nc vi vo vt cn trng t ? Theo kinh nghim dn gian truyn li th khi b cn trng t, nu bi nc vi vo vt t th vt thng s mt i v khng cn cm gic nga rt na. Hin tng ny, ngy nay ho hc gii thch c r rng: trong nc c ca mt s cn trng nh: ong, kin, mui c cha mt lng a xit fomic gy bng da v ng thi gy rt , nga. Ngoi ra, trong nc c ong cn c c HCl, H3PO4, cholin nn khi b ong t, da s phng rp ln v rt rt. Ngi ta vi ly nc vi trong hay dung dch xt bi vo vt cn trng t. Khi xy ra phn ng trung ho lm cho vt phng xp xung v khng cn cm gic rt nga. 87.V sao h con dao t ln ngn la, con dao s c mu xanh? em h con dao t ln ngn la ta s thy xut hin lp nh mu lam. V sao c hin tng ? chnh l mn kch gia st v nc. nhit cao, st v nc tc dng vi nhau to nn oxit st t (Fe3O4) lp lnh mu lam. 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 Khng nn coi thng lp o mu lam ny ca st, chnh n l tm mng bo v st lm cho st khng b g v b n mn. cc nh my ngi ta em cc ch phm bng thp cho vo dung dch natri nitrat hoc hn hp natri nitrat v natri hydroxyt (nhit t 40 n 150 C). Sau mt thi gian nht nh trn b mt s sinh ra mt lp mng mu lam, phn b u n trn b mt vt phm, sau ly ra v nhanh chng cho vo nc lnh, sau li em x l bng nc x phng, du nng my pht. Nh cc chi tit s c khoc mt tm o mu lam, ngi ta gi bin php ny l ti mui. Cc ch phm qua ti mui s c tui th di hn, sau khi nhng du, x phng, cn c th cho vo du my (du my s 10) ngm 5 pht. Cc bn nhn k cc kim ch trn ng h o cc c my c mu lam en ng nh, giy ct ng h cng c my lam en u c khoc mt tm o nh nhau.

88.Ti sao khi cho mt si dy Cu co sch vo bnh cm hoa th hoa s ti lu hn? ng kim loi s to nn mt s ion Cu2+ tan vo trong nc s c tc dng dit khun . Lm cho cc cung hoa b thi trong nc do lm tc cc mao qun dn nc ln cnh hoa nn hoa ti hn. Cc mui ca Cu2+ c tnh dit khun rt tt ngi ta thng dng CuSO4 st khun trong b bi. 89.Ti sao cc vt c bng ng thng c mu xanh ? Cu(OH)2 c mu xanh ngc. Phn ng do H2O v O2 hoc O3 trong khng kh oxi ho Cu. Thng th phn ng ny kh xy ra hn phn ng oxi ho Cu thnh CuO (mu en) hoc t CuO sau mi tr thnh Cu(OH)2 cho nn ban u ng thng b en i. Ch c ng c mi c mu xanh. Ti sao khng dng cc bng nhm ng nhng cht, dung dch c tnh kim? Tr li Bi trong dung kim lp oxit bo v bn ngoi ca cc bng Al s b ph hy. Do Al s phn ng vi nc 2Al +2H2O> 2Al(OH)3 +3H2 Hn na Al(OH)3 sinh ra c ha tan trong kim v th Al tip tc b ph hy, cho nn ta khng dng cc bng nhm ng dung dch kim. Al(OH)3 + Ca(OH)2 > Ca(AlO2)2 + H2O 90.V sao canh tht khng cho mui th khng ngt? (H2N2)-Nu n phi cho mui l l ng nhin. khng ch l nhu cu ca sinh l c th m cn l nhu cu ca khu v. Bt canh khng c mui s nht, v v, khi cho thm mt t mui th nh gm c thu hoa, hng v tr nn thm ngt. S d nh th l v mui c tc dng iu chnh hng v. Tc ng ni: "Mui l vua ca trm v", rt c l. Hm lng mui natri glutamin trong mn n gp phn quan trng quyt nh mn c ngon hay khng. Thnh phn ha hc ca mui n l clorua natri, trong nhiu loi thc n (nh tht) c glutamin. Khi nu, glutamin c gii phng v ha tan trong nc. Lc , nu cho thm mt t mui vo canh th glutamin trong nc canh s kt hp vi natri hp thnh natri glutamic, lm cho v ngt tng ln. ng nhin, nu thm nhiu mui qu th v ngt s tr thnh v mn, c tc dng ngc li. 91.V sao trong cng nghip thc phm, (NH4)2CO3 c dng lm bt n? (NH4)2CO3 c dng lm bt n v khi trn vo bt m, lc nng bnh (NH4)2CO3 phn hu thnh cc cht kh v hi nn lm cho bnh xp v n. (NH4)2CO3 -> 2 NH3 + CO2 + H2O 92.Thc phm nh hng ti tm trng con ngi nh th no ? Ngy nay, ngi ta khng nh thc phm khng ch c nh hng n sc khe m cn nh hng ti tm trng con ngi. - Thc n giu protein (cht m) lm cho bn vui ti hn ln. Chng gip c th sn sinh ra opamin v norpinephrin lm tng nhit lng c th khin cho bn c tp trung hn v cn c tc dng gim c stress. Nu nh trong ba n sang v tra bn dng mt lng protein thch hp s gip bn tnh to, minh mn hn. - Thc n giu cht gluxit (cht bt) c tc dng lm cho bn cng thng, t b stress v thi gian cho c th phc hi sau mt mi ngn hn. Khi n thc n c hm lng gluxit cao th ng thi cng tng lng amino axit tryptophan a n no, chng c bin i thnh serotonin c tc dng lm du h thn kinh. - Thc n ngt c tc dng lm du c th. Khi c th tip nhn nhng thc n ngt th lng ng trong mu tng ln, ng thi phn ng ha hc ca c th cng c tng cng, khin bn cm thy d chu hn. c bit ko chocolate c cha cht phenyletylamin v mt s cht khc c tc dng kch thch h thn kinh, gy cm gic khoan khoi. - Tri cy nh chui c cha nhiu cht dopamine v norpinephrin l nhng sn phm ca no c tc dng tc ng mnh n cm gic. Tri to cung cp cho c th cht x, pectin, nguyn t bo gip duy tr bn ca xng, gi c phong tnh to, linh hot. - C th chng ta rt cn nhiu nguyn t vi lng. Chng hn, thiu magie c th d b lm vo tnh trng trm ut, b ph, thm ch cn c th dn n hn m. Ngoi nc khong, thc n giu nguyn t magie l cm, go tm, ng cc. - ung cha cht cafein c tc dng lm cho c th hot bt, nhanh nhn hn. Song khng nn dng lng cao v c th gy nn nao, cu knh v au u. Ung sa gip bn ng ngon v tnh to hn khi thc dy. 93.iu ch x phng t da leo, c rt v c chua iu ch x phng t da leo

 iu ch loi x phng tinh t c mu be xanh l cy nht, bn c th s dng da leo, ton b tri da leo k c phn v da, tht da v ht da. iu ch x phng t c rt lm x phng vi mu sc ng yu, nh nhng, bn c th s dng nc p c rt thay v dng nc thng pha dung dch kim. Bn c th dng cng thc ny iu ch nhiu loi x phng khc. Nc p c rt (hoc bao gm c phn tht qu nu mun) s to mu v to nhm ca sn phm. iu ch x phng t c chua iu ch x phng c mu sc m p, lm m nhiu chm nh mu cam , c th s dng dung dch c chua dng paste, bt c chua, v c th thm mt t rau hng qu. 94.Cht ch th pH lm t bp ci Gii thiuBp ci cha mt loi nguyn t sc t gi l flavin (1 loi anthocyanin). Cht sc t d tan trong nc trn cng c th tm thy v to, qu mn, hoa bp v nho. Dung dch acid s lm anthocyanin chuyn sang mu . i vi dung dch trung ha th chuyn sang mu tim tm. Vi dung dch baz s thy mu xanh l cy nht vng. Do , c th xc nh pH ca dung dch da vo mu sc thay i ca sc t anthocyanin trong dung dch bp ci .Mu ca dung dch bp ci thay i do s thay i nng ion hydr. Sau y l bng phn loi mu sc ca ch th dung dch bp ci cc pH khc nhau. Nu mun, bn cng c th lm ring 1 bng khc, s dng cc cht ha hc vi pH bit trc. pH 2 4 6 8 10 12 Mu ta Tm Xanh dng Xanh dng lc Hi lc vng Nguyn vt liu:bp ci my xay hoc daonc sigiy lc1 cc becher ln hoc dng c thy tinh6 becher 250 ml hoc cc ly thy tinh nhammonia (NH3)sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3sodium carbonate, Na2CO3nc chanh (acid citric, C6H8O7)gim (acid acetic, CH3COOH)bt cao (Potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6)cht chng acid (calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide)nc khong seltzer (acid carbonic, H2CO3)acid muriatic hay nc ra dng trong cng trnh xy dng (acid hydrochloric, HCl)kim (potassium hydroxide, KOH hoc sodium hydroxide, NaOH)Quy trnh th nghim:1. Ct nh bp ci cho n khi bn c y 2 tch bp ci. Cho bp ci vo becher ln hay ly thy tinh v y nc si vo. i 10 pht cc sc t trong bp ci ha tan vo nc. (Hoc bn c th cho bp ci vo my xay cng vi nc nng.)2. Lc dung dch v loi b phn xc thc vt s thu c dung dch mu xanh dng nht - - tm c pH khong 7. (Mu sc tht ca dung dch bn thu c cn ty thuc vo nng pH ca nc)3. Cho khong 50 100 ml dung dch bp ci vo mi cc becher 250 ml.4. Cho vo mi becher mt loi dung dch (thng dng trong nh) khc nhau cho n khi mu ca ch th thay i, nn s dng cc becher khc cha ng mi loi dung dch.Lu :1. y l th nghim acid baz, lu nn dng knh bo h v gng tay, nht l khi dng acid mnh (HCl) v baz mnh (NaOH hay KOH).2. Cc loi ha cht dng cho th nghim ny phi an ton sau khi ra bng nc thng.3. lm cho ch th bp ci t n nng pH trung ha, u tin cho dung dch acid nh gim hoc nc chanh vo cho n mu o , sau cho sa NaHCO3 hoc cht chng acid iu chnh pH n 7. 4. Bn c th lm giy ch th pH bng dung dch ch th bp ci . Ly giy lc ngm vo dung dch bp ci m c. Sau vi gi, ly giy ra, kh (treo bng kp o hay si dy). Ct nh mnh giy ny ra, v dng lm giy th nng pH cho cc dung dch khc. 95.Lm mc v hnh t bt sa Sau y l hng dn lm mc vit v hnh khng gy c i vi sc khe t bt sa (sodium bicarbonate). Thnh phn:bt sa, giy vit, nc, n (ngun cung cp nhit), c v hoc mnh vi, tch ong, nc nho mu tm (ty ). Cch lm:t nht c 2 cch lm mc v hnh t bt sa. Ha trn hn hp gm cc phn bt sa v nc t l bng nhau. Dng mt mnh vi cotton, que tm, hay c v vit ln t giy trng, s dng hn hp bt sa nh mc vit. mc kh. C 1 cch c ch vit l t giy ln ngun gia nhit nh bng n. Bt sa s lm ni ch hin ln mu nu. Mt cch khc c ch l dng nc nho mu tm sn ln t giy. Ch s xut hin trn mu sc khc. Hng dn: Nu dng ngun cung cp nhit, trnh lm chy mnh giy, khng nn dng n halogen. Bt sa v nc nho phn ng acid - baz vi nhau to nn s thay i mu sc trn t giy. C th thc hin th nghim pha long dung dch sa bng cch dng 1 phn bt sa vi 2 phn nc. Nc nho c c cho kt qu thay i mu sc r rng hn nc nho thng.