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Chuyn :Phng trnh v bt phng trnh i s

Mt s dng h ph-ng trnh th-ng gp
1) H ph-ng trnh bc nht: Cch tnh nh thc 2) H ph-ng trnh i xng loi 1: H khng thay i khi ta thay x bi y v ng-c li 3) H ph-ng trnh i xng loi 2: Nu i vai tr ca x v y th ph-ng trnh ny tr thnh ph-ng trnh kia v ng-c li 4) H ph-ng trnh ng cp bc 2: Xt 2 tr-ng hp, sau t x = ty 5) Mt s h ph-ng trnh khc

Cc v d
V d 1. Mt s h dng c bn xy( x 1)( y 1) 1) Cho h ph-ng trnh x y x2 y2 a) Gii h khi m = 12 b) Tm m h c nghim 1 1 a 2) Cho h ph-ng trnh x y
m 8

x2 y 2 a2 2 Tm a h ph-ng trnh c ng 2 nghim phn bit x 2 xy y 2 1 3) Cho h ph-ng trnh Tm m h c nghim x 2 3 xy 2 y 2 m

4) Cho h ph-ng trnh

x x
2

y y
2

a 6 a2

a) Gii h khi a = 2 b) Tm GTNN ca F = xy + 2(x + y) bit (x, y) l nghim ca h ( y 1) 2 m x 5) Cho h ph-ng trnh Tm m h c nghim duy nht ( x 1) 2 m y 6) Gii h ph-ng trnh:

x y

2 2 3 x 1 y 1 m

2 x y 1

7) Gii h ph-ng trnh:

x 1 x y 1

y x 1

a) Gii h khi m = 6 b) Tm m h c nghim

3y y2 2 x2 (KB 2003) x2 2 y2

V d 2. Gii h ph-ng trnh:

3x

HD:

TH1 x = y suy ra x = y = 1 TH2 ch : x>0, y> 0 suy ra v nghim

2x 2 y 8x
3

V d 3. Gii h ph-ng trnh:

xy 2 y
3

15 35

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HD: Nhm nhn t chung sau t
x3
V d 4. Gii h ph-ng trnh:

S = 2x + y v P = 2x. y
y3 1 3y (2) (1)

s: (1, 3) v (3/2, 2)

3x y6

x6

HD: t (2) : - 1 x, y 1 hm s: f t

t3

3t trn [-1;1] p dng vo ph-ng trnh (1)

2x
2

y x

V d 5. CMR h ph-ng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:

2y
2

a2 y a2 x

HD:

x 2x
3

y x
2

xt f ( x)

2x 3
2

x 2 , lp BBT suy ra KQ
y 2

V d 6. Gii h ph-ng trnh:

y 2 x 2 HD Bnh ph-ng 2 v, i xng loi 2 xy x 2 a ( y 1) V d 7. xc nh a h c nghim duy nht xy y 2 a ( x 1)

HD s dng K cn v
V d 8. Gii h ph-ng trnh:

a=8
xy 10 xy 5 20 x 2 (1) y 2 (2)
5 y y 2 5 ; x2

HD: Rt ra x
3

5 y

y2

5 y

y ; C si x

20 theo (1)

x2

20 suy ra x, y

V d 9.
x

x y

y x

y y 2

(1)

(KB 2002) HD: t (1) t cn nh lm nhn t chung

(1;1) (3/2;1/2)

V d 10.

x 1 x y 3a

Tm a h c nghim

HD: T (1) t u x 1, v y 2 -c h di xng vi u, -v Ch ra h c nghim th ph-ng trnh bc hai t-ng ng c 2 nghim tri du

Bi tp p dng 1) 2) 3)
4)
6x 2 5x 2 xy 2 y 2 xy y2 56 49

x2 x2
(x2 x2 x3 x2

x y2

y2 3( x

y y)

KD 2003

2 x)(3 x 5x y3 y2 y 9 7( x x

y ) 18 0 y) y 2

HD: tch thnh nhn t

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4 nghim
2

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xy x
2

5) 6) 7)

y2 xy

12 26 m 2

Tm m h c nghim

(x x
x2
3

y) 2 . y y
3

19
y) 6 9

t t = x/y

H pt c 2 nghim

x( x 2)( 2 x 4x y

t X = x(x + 2) v Y = 2x + y
(1) 4

8)
9)

x x2

y y2

y x2

2 y2

HD: i bin theo v, u t ph-ng trnh (1)

1 x3 y3 y xy 2

19x 3 6x 2

HD: t x = 1/z thay vo -c h y, z S ( - 1/2, 3) (1/3, - 2)

10)

x 2y

1 x

y x3 1

1 y (KA 2003)

HD: x = y V xy = - 1 CM x 4 x 2 0 v nghim bng cch tch hm s 11)

( x 1) 2 ( y 1)
2

kq: 3 nghim HD s dng K cn v

x a

xc nh a h c nghim duy nht

12)
x

2x y y

2y x xy 3

HD bnh ph-ng 2 v

13)

x y x xy

y x y xy

7 xy 78

HD nhn 2 v ca (1) vi

xy

2. Ph-ng trnh v bt ph-ng trnh ph-ng trnh i s

Mt s dng ph-ng trnh v bt ph-ng trnh th-ng gp
1) Bt ph-ng trnh bc hai nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai Ph-ng php hm s 2) Ph-ng trnh, bt ph-ng trnh cha gi tr tuyt i A B A2 B 2

A A

B B B

0 0)

A B B A 3) Ph-ng trnh, bt ph-ng trnh cha cn thc

B (B

Mt s v d
V d 1. Tm m ( x 1)(x 3)(x 2

4 x 6)

m nghim ng vi mi x
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HD: s dng hm s hoc tam thc: m - 2 V d 2. Tm a h sau c nghim
x y y x 2 2 x( y 1) a
(1) ( y 2)
2

HD:

y 2
2

( x 1)

a 1

(2)

TH1: a + 1 0 H v nghim TH2: a + 1>0. V th (2) l -ng trn cn (1) l min gch cho: a - 1/2
V d 3. Gii cc ph-ng trnh, bt ph-ng trnh sau 1) 2)

8x 2 6 x 1 4 x 1 0 x 4 1 x 1 2x : x = 0
2 x) x2 2x 3 9 0 x 1 5

3) 2( x 2 4)

x2 1
3x) x 2

x
3x 2

x2 1

HD: Tch 2 nhn t bng 1 suy ra cch gii

x 2 10x 9 x
2

5) ( x 2

0 KD 2002
0 0 2x 1 m

V d 4. Tm m h sau c nghim

S: m4

V d 5. Gii bt ph-ng trnh 2 x 1 2 x x 2 HD + / Nhn 2 v vi biu thc lin hp ca VT

+ / Bin i v BPT tch ch K

V d 6. Gii bt ph-ng trnh: 3 x HD t t

3 2 x

2x

1 2x

1 2 x

,t

2 , AD BT c si suy ra K
x2 (1 x 1) 2 x 4

V d 7. Gii bt ph-ng trnh:

HD: + / Xt 2 tr-ng hp ch y DK x> = - 1 + / Trong tr-ng hp x 4, tin hnh nhn v chia cho biu thc lin hp mu VT V d 8. Cho ph-ng trnh: x 9 x HD: + / Bnh ph-ng 2 v ch K

x2

9 x m . Tm m ph-ng trnh c nghim

+ / t t = tch 2 cn thc, Tm K ca t + / S dng BBT suy ra KQ

V d 9. Gii bt ph-ng trnh (KA 2004) :
2( x 2 16) x 3 x 3 7 x x 3

Bi tp p dng
1)
x2 x y y2 a 2x 1 0

Tm a h c nghim duy nht. Tm nghim duy nht .

S a = - 1 v a = 3 2) Tm m bt ph-ng trnh sau c nghim: 3) 4)

4x 2

16 4 x

x 4
x 12

x 4
x 3

2 x 12 2 x 2 16
2x 1
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5) 2(1 x) x 2
6) 7)
( x 1) x

2x 1
(2 x) x

x2

2x 1

HD: t t

x2

2x 1 , coi l ph-ng trnh bc hai n t

2 x2

x 2 x 1

( x 2) x 1

x 3 2
x x 4 m

8) Cho ph-ng trnh:

x 4 x 4

a) Gii ph-ng trnh khi m = 6 b) Tm m ph-ng trnh c nghim 9)

51 2 x x 2 1 x
3x 4

1
2x 3 2 0

10) x 2

11) Tm a vi mi x: f ( x)

( x 2) 2

2x a

3 S a 4 ; a 0

Chuyn 3:
Mt s kin thc cn nh

L-ng gic

1. Ph-ng trnh v h ph-ng trnh l-ng gic

Cc cng thc bin i l-ng gic Mt s dng ph-ng trnh c bn Ph-ng trnh bc 2, bc 3 theo mt hm s l-ng gic Ph-ng trnh ng cp bc nht vi sinx, cosx: asinx + bcosx = c Ph-ng trnh ng cp bc 2 vi sinx, cosx: a. sin2x + b. sinx. cosx + c. cos2x + d = 0 Ph-ng trnh ng cp bc 3 vi sinx, cosx: a. sin3x + b. sin2x. cosx + c. sinx. cos2x + d. cos3x = 0 a. sin3x + b. sin2x. cosx + c. sinx. cos2x + d. cos3x + m = 0 Ph-ng trnh i xng vi sinx, cosx a: (sinxcosx) + b. sinx. cosx + c = 0 Ph-ng trnh i xng vi tgx, cotgx Ph-ng trnh i xng vi sin2nx, cos2nx

Cc v d
V d 1. V d 2.

cot x
cos2 x

tan x

2.cos 4 x sin 2 x
cos2 x 2 3

HD: t K x = /3 + k.
1 (sin x 1) 2

HD: S dng cng thc h bc 1 2. cos(2 x

V d 3. V d 4.

).cos

sin x

S 3 h nghim

sin 2 x sin 2 2 x 2 sin 2 2 x sin 2 x sin 3 x.sin 3x cos3 x.cos 3x

tan x 6 .tan x 3

HD: Nhm, nhn ln v tch 2 thnh 2 nhm

1 8

HD: t K rt gn MS = 1;
V d 5. 3 tan x(tan x 2.sin x) 6.cos x

AD cng thc nhn 3; S x = - /6 + k

0

HD: Bin i theo sin v cos -c 3. cos2 x(1 2 cos x) sin 2 x(1 2 cos x) 0
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S x = /3 + k
5

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3.tan y 2 6sin x 2sin x 2sin( y 6sin( y x) x)

V d 6.
tan

y 2

HD: nhn (1) vi (2) rt gn tan 2

y 2

4sin 2 y 1 . sin 3x 2

t t

tan 2

y ; 2

t = 0, t

V d 7. cos3x. sin 2 x cos 4 x. sin x

1 cos x HD: B tch thnh tng rt gn

1 2 HD: nhn 2 v vi 2. sin(x/2) ch y xet tr-ng hp bng 0 T cos x cos 2 x .. cos nx NX: Trong bi ton cha tng thc hin rt gn bng cch trn T sin x sin 2 x .. sin nx
V d 8. cos x cos 2 x cos3x cos 4 x cos5 x V d 9. tan x.sin 2 x 2.sin 2 x V d 10. log
cos 9 2 x

3(cos 2 x sin x.cos x)

HD: B sau t t = tg(x/2)

logsin x 2 logsin x (sin x) 2 4

.4.log sin 2 x 2 4

HD: 2 logsin x .2.

2. Gi tr ln nht nh nht, ph-ng trnh c tham s

Mt s kin thc cn nh
Ph-ng php hm s: Bi ton Max, Min trn 1 khong v mt on. Ph-ng php bt ng thc, nhn xt nh gi.

Cc v d
3. cos4 x 4 sin 2 x 3. sin 4 x 2 cos2 x HD: t = cos2x, tm Max, Min trn 1 on M = 8/5 m = 4/3 V d 2. Cho ph-ng trnh: cos2 x m. cos2 x 1 tgx 1) Gii ph-ng trnh khi m = 1 2) Tm m ph-ng trnh c nghin thuc on [0; /3]
V d 1. Tm GTLN, GTNN: y

HD: t = tgx, t
V d 3. :

0; 3 ; Lp BBT f(t)

S: m

(1

3) 1

3 ;1

Tm GTLN, GTNN: y 2. sin8 x cos4 2 x HD: t = cos2x, - 1t1 tm Max, Min trn 1 on f , t 0 8t 3 (t 1) 3 S:M = 3, m = 1/27 V d 4. Tm GTLN, GTNN: y cos4 x sin 4 x sin x. cos x 1 V d 5. Cho ph-ng trnh: 2.(sin4 x cos4 x) cos 4 x 2 sin 2 x m 0 Tm m ph-ng trnh c t nht mt nghin thuc on [0; /2] S: [ -10/3; -2] 2 sin x cos x 1 V d 6. Cho ph-ng trnh a sin x 2 cos x 3 1) Gii ph-ng trnh khi a = 1/3 2) Tm a ph-ng trnh c nghim HD: -a v dng: (2 - a) sinx + (2a + 1) cosx = 3a + 1 S [ -1/2, 2] x 3 V d 7. Tm nghim ca pt sau trong khong (0, ) : 4 sin 2 3. cos 2 x 1 2 cos2 x 2 4

Bi tp p dng
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1) cos x. cos 2 x. cos3x sin x. sin 2 x. sin 3x 2) sin x 3) 4)
sin x 5 3sin 2 (3 x) 2sin x 2 1 2. sin 3x 2. cos3x sin x 1 cos 2 x 1 cot 2 x sin 2 2 x cos 2 x cos x(2.tan 2 x 1) 3. cos x 3. cos x
.cos 2

1 2
3 2

2
x 5sin 2 x 0

1 cos x
HD: Ch K

5)

S: x = - /4 + k /2

6) 2 6 2 7) 3 cos 4 x 8 cos x 2 cos 3 0 x (2 3 ) cos x 2 sin 2 sin 3x 2 4 8) 2 cos x 1 9) 1 sin x cos x sin 2 x cos 2 x 0

Mt s thi t nm 2002
1) Tm nghim thuc khong 0;2 2) Gii ph-ng trnh 1 tan 4 x ca ph-ng trnh 5 sin x
cos3x sin 3x 1 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x 3 KA 2002

(2 sin 2 2 x)sin 3x (DB 2002) cos4 x

ca ph-ng trnh cot 2 x tan x 4sin 2 x

2 KB 2003 sin 2 x 4) Tm x nghim ng thuc khong 0;14 ca ph-ng trnh cos 3x 4 cos 2 x 3cos x 4 0 KB 2003
3) Tm nghim thuc khong 0;2 5) Xc nh m ph-ng trnh 2 sin 4 x cos 4 x
cos 4 x 2sin 2 x m 0 c t nht mt nghim thuc on

0;

(DB 2002)

1 1 (DB 2002) cot 2 x 2 8sin 2 x x 7) Gii ph-ng trnh tan x cos x cos 2 x sin x 1 tan x.tan (DB 2002) 2 2sin x cos x 1 8) Cho ph-ng trnh a (1) sin x 2cos x 3 1 a) Gii ph-ng trnh (2) khi a 3 b) Tm a ph-ng trnh c nghim 1 sin x (DB 2002) 9) Gii ph-ng trnh 8cos 2 x cos 2 x 1 10) Gii ph-ng trnh cot x 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x (KA 2003) 1 tan x 2 11) Gii ph-ng trnh 3 tan x tan x 2sin x 6cos x 0 (DBKA 2003)
6) Gii ph-ng trnh 12) Gii ph-ng trnh cos 2 x
cos x 2 tan 2 x 1 2 (DBKA 2003)

sin 4 x cos4 x 5sin 2 x

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13) Gii ph-ng trnh 3cos 4 x 8cos6 x 2cos 2 x 3 0 (DBKB 2003) x 2 3 cos x 2sin 2 2 4 1 (DBKB 2003) 14) Gii ph-ng trnh 2 cos x 1 x x 15) Gii ph-ng trnh sin 2 .tan 2 x cos 2 0 (KD 2003) 2 4 2 cos2 x cos x 1 16) Gii ph-ng trnh 2 1 sin x (DBKD 2003) cos x sin x 2sin 4 x 17) Gii ph-ng trnh cot x tan x (DBKD 2003) sin 2 x 18) Gii ph-ng trnh 5sin x 2 3 1 sin x tan 2 x (KB 2004) 19) Gii ph-ng trnh 2cos x 1 2sin x cos x

sin 2 x sin x (KB 2004)

Chuyn 4:
Mt s kin thc cn nh
Cc cng thc v m v lgarit. Gii thiu mt s ph-ng trnh c bn. Khi gii ph-ng trnh v logarit ch K.

M & Lgarit

1. Ph-ng trnh v h ph-ng trnh M lgarit

Cc v d
2 2 V d 1. Cho ph-ng trnh: log3 x log3 x 1 2m 1 0 1) Gii ph-ng trnh khi m = 2 2) Tm m ph-ng trnh c t nht mt nghim thuc 1;3 3

HD: m [0;2]

V d 2.

s (4, 4) 2 log 4 x log 2 y 4 1 1 V d 3. log 2 ( x 3) HD: K x>0 V x1; S x = 2, x log4 ( x 1) 8 log2 (4 x) 2 4 V d 4. log5 x. log3 x log5 x. log3 x HD: i c s S: x = 1 v x = 15
9 log2 ( xy ) x2 y2 3( xy) log2 3 3y
1)

log 2 ( x

y )

2 3 3

V d 5. V d 6.

3x

2 log3 ( x

x
2 Suy ra 3
y

HD: K x> - 1

TH1: - 1<x 0 ph-ng trnh vn TH2: x>0, t y = log3(x + 1)

1 3
y

V d 7. log 2

x2 1 x

3x 2

2x3

HD: VP 1 vi x>0, BBT VT 1 ; Csi trong lgagrit

S x = 1

23x

5y2

4y
S (0, 1) (2, 4)

V d 8. 4 x 2 x 1 2x 2

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V d 9. Tm m ph-ng trnh sau c nghim thuc [32, + ) :

log2 x log 1 x 2 2
2

m log4 x 2

0, m 1 t
log x y 3

HD: t > = 5; 1 3m 2 m2 1 V d 10.

1 m

log y 2x

xy 2y

HD K x, y>0 v khc 1; B (1) -c TH1: y = x thay vo (2) c nghim 1 TH2: x thay vo (2) CM v nghim chia thnh 2 min y>1 v 0<y<1 y2

2. Bt ph-ng trnh v h bt ph-ng trnh M lgarit

Mt s kin thc cn nh
Gii thiu mt s bt ph-ng trnh v m v logarit Ch y K

Cc v d
x 1
3

3x k

0 1

V d 1. Tm k h ph-ng trnh sau c nghim: HD: K x>1; Gii (2) 1<x 2;

2 4

1 log2 x 2 2
x 1
3 3x

1 log2 ( x 1) 3 3

BBT f x

S: k > - 5

V d 2. log 1 x 2 log 1 ( x 1) log2 6

V d 3. V d 4. V d 5.

2. x 2. x log x (log 3 .(9 x 27))

log
4

1 log2 x 2

3 log2 x 2

HD: Ly logarit 2 v theo c s 2

1
2 x2
5) log1 x
2

log 2 ( x
(2 x
2

x)
6 0

V d 6. ( x

1) log2 x 1

HD: t t = log x , coi BPT cho l Bpt bc 2 n t; Ch so snh 2 tr-ng hp t1, t2 S (0;2] v (x 4)
1

22 V d 7. Gii bt ph-ng trnh 2 x 2 log 1 ( x 3) 2

log2 x

log2 x

log 1 ( x 3) 3
3

V d 8. Gii bt ph-ng trnh: V d 9. Gii bt ph-ng trnh:

x 1

1 log 4 ( x 2 3x)

1 log 2 (3x 1)

Bi tp p dng
1) log 3
3 x3 . log 2 x log 3 x 3 1 2 log 2 x

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2) 2 log9 x 3) 9 4)
x2 2 x
2

log3 x. log3 ( 2 x 1 1)
2 x x2

1 2 3

3
K x, y 1 S: (1, 1) (9, 3)

x 4y log4 x
5)

3 0 log2 x
2x 2 2y2

0
3 3
S: (3; 4) S x = log23
2

log x ( x 3 log y ( y 3
log 1 ( y
4

3x 5 y ) 3 y 5 x)

6)

1 x) log4 ( ) 1 y KA 2004 25

x
x

7) log2 (2

1).log2 (2 x

2)

8) Tm a h sau c nghim: 9) log x log 3 (9 x

x 2
2 x y

(x x
2

2x (a

3) 1) x

log 0 , 5

2x 3 x 4

HD: a>3/2

6)

1
2 x 1) log 2 ( x 2 2 x)

10) Gii ph-ng trnh log 3 ( x 2 11)

y 2 y
x 1 2

x x
x
4 4

12)

(x 4 8( x 4

y ).3 y

1
y

y) 6 x

0
2

13) Tm m ph-ng trnh 4 log2 x

log 1 x m
2

0 c nghim thuc khong (0;1)

Chuyn 5. Tch phn xc nh v ng dng

1. Ph-ng php tnh tch phn
I. Tch phn cc hm s
3

hu t
0

V d : Tnh cc tch phn sau

1) A 2) A
1 1

x 2 .dx ; x) 9 2 (1
2

B
1 4

dx ; 3x 2

5) A
1 2

dx 2x 2

; B
1

dx 4x 2
1

(x2

2 x 2.dx ; x3 1
3 2

x 3 dx ; 10 2 ( x 1)

6) A
1

(x3

x 2 4 x 1).dx ;B x4 x3

x 3 .dx ; 8 4) 2 0 (x

A
3)
1 1

(2 x

10x 16x 1).dx ; x 2 5x 6

7) A
1
3

dx x( x 6 1) 2
4

; B

(1 x 4 ).dx ; x.( x 4 1) 1
1 0

B
4) A

dx ; 3) 2 ( x 1) 2 0 (x
1

8) A
0

x 5 dx ; B x6 x3 2 3 3

2 x 2 2 x 13 dx; ( x 2)( x 2 1) 2

(x3

3x 2 x 6).dx ;B x 3 5x 2 6 x

(7 x 4)dx ; 3 3x 2 1x

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10

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Bi tp
1) (CSP HN 2000): I

3x 2 2 .dx x2 0 1
1

2) (HNL TPHCM 1995) I

0 1

dx 5x 6

3) (HKT TPHCM 1994) I

x .dx 3 0 (1 2 x )

4) (HNT HN 2000) 1 ( x 3 2 x 2 10 x 1).dx I x 2 2x 9 0

1

x 5 .dx 9) (HTM 1995) I 2 1 0 x 10) (H Thi Nguyn 1997) 2 (1 x 2 ).dx 1 I HD : t x 4 x x 1 1 11) Xc nh cc hng s A,B x 2 A B Tnh 2 2 x 1 ( x 1) ( x 1)
3

( x 2) .dx 2 2 ( x 1)
2

5) (HSP TPHCM 2000) I

1

(4 x 11).dx 2 5x 6 0 x

12) Cho hm s f ( x)

6) (HXD HN 2000) I
0 1

3.dx x3 1
4

dx 4x 2 3 0 x 8) (HQG HN 1995). Xc nh cc hng s A,B,C 3x 2 3x 3 A B C Tnh 3 2 x 1 x 2 x 3x 2 ( x 1)

7) (H MC 1995 ) I

x ( x 1) ( x 1) 3 a) nh cc h s A,B,C,D,E sao cho Ax 2 Bx C dx dx f ( x)dx D E 2 x 1 x 1 ( x 1)(x 2)

3

b)

Tnh
2

f ( x)dx

3x 2 3x 3 .dx x 3 3x 2 II Tch phn cc hm s l-ng gic V d : Tnh cc tch phn sau I

1) A
dx ; B 1 sin x cos x 0
2 3

tan x.dx 2 cos x sin x.cos x

3) A

( x sin x)dx ; B 1 cos x 0

2

sin 2 x. cos2 2 x.dx

0

4) A
3

2) A
0

tan 4 x.dx ; B cos 2 x

( cos x
6

sin x ).dx

x. cos x.dx ; 1 sin 2 x

Bi tp
1) (HQG TPHCM 1998) Tnh :
2 sin 2 x.dx sin 2 x.dx I ; va J 4 4 0 1 sin x 0 cos x 1 2) (HSP TPHCM 1995) sin x Cho f ( x) sin x cos x 2

a) Tm A,B sao cho cos x sin x f ( x) A B cos x sin x

3

b) Tnh I
0

f ( x).dx

3) (HGTVT TPHCM 1999)

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11

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a) CMR

cos4 x.dx 4 sin 4 x 0 cos x

2 2

sin 4 x.dx 4 sin 4 x 0 cos x

2

10) (HQG TPHCM 1998) I

0 4

cos3 x. sin 2 x.dx

cos4 x.dx 4 sin 4 x 0 cos x 4) (HTS 1999) Tnh :

b) Tnh I
2

I
0

sin x. cos x.(1 cos x) 2 .dx dx 4 0 cos x

4

sin 4 x.dx 2 0 1 cos x 12) (HBK HN 1999) Cho hm s sin 2 x h( x ) (2 sin x) 2 A. cos x B. cos x a) Tm A,B h( x) 2 2 sin x (2 sin x)
11) (HVNH TPHCM 2000) I
0

5) (HTM HN 1995) Tnh I

b) Tnh I
2

h( x).dx

6) (HVKTQS 1999):Tnh I
0

4. sin 3 x.dx 1 cos4 x

13) (HBK HN 1998)

2

7) (HNN1 HN Khi B 1998) I

2

cos 2 x.dx 1 cos x 0 sin 3 x.dx 2 0 1 cos x

I
0

cos 2 x.(cos4 x sin 4 x).dx

14) (HVNH TPHCM 2000) I

8) (HQGHN Khi A 1997) I 9) (HNN1 HN 1998) Tnh

2

( x sin x).dx cos2 x 0

I
6

1 sin 2 x cos 2 x. .dx sin x cos x

III. 1) A

Tch phn cc hm s v t
1 2a

V d : Tnh cc tch phn sau :

x 15 . 1 3 x 8 .dx; B
0 0

x. 2a

x 2 .dx (a

0)

6) A
0
3

x dx
4

7 2

2)
a 4

; B
0

dx
3

2x 1
3

A
0

x . a

x .dx; B
1

dx x(1 x)

(a

0)

7) A
8

dx x 1 x
0 3 1

; (*)B
0

( x 1 2)dx x
2

2x

1 x 1

3) A
1

dx x
2

; B
1

dx ( x 1)( x 2)

8) (*)A
1

x 1 dx ; x 1x 1
0 2

x 1
2

4) A
1 2
2

1 x .dx ; B x2
dx x. x 2 1 ; B
0

9) A
0

4 x dx; B
1

x2
1

2 x 2 .dx

dx x 4
2

1
2 2

x 2
1.dx

10) A
1

x2 1 dx; B x

1 2

1 x2 .dx x2

5) A
1

x x

Bi tp
12

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1

1) (HVNH THCM 2000) I

0

x 3 .dx x x
2

6) (HSP2 HN 2000) I
1
1 1

dx x. x 3 1

2) (H BKHN 1995) I
2 3
1

dx x. x 2 1

7) (HXD HN 1996) I
0

( x 2 1).dx x 1

3) (HVKTQS 1998) I
1

dx 1 x x
2

8) (HTM 1997) I
1
0

x 3 .dx
3

1 x2
1

4) (HAN 1999) I

dx 9
1

9) (HQG TPHCM 1998) I

0

x.dx 2x 1

2 7 x. x

5) (HQG HN 1998) I
0

x 3 . 1 x 2 .dx

IV. Mt s dng tch phn c bit V d1 :Tnh cc tch phn sau :

6 sin xdx cos xdx B sin x cos x sin x cos x 0 0 V d2 :Tnh cc tch phn sau 4 1

1) A

2) A

e x .dx x e x 0 e
1 2

B
0

cos2 x. cos 2 x.dx

1) A

x 5 cos 2 x.dx; B
1

x 3 e x .dx

2) A
1 2

x 2 . ln

1 x .dx; B 1 x

sin 3 x 1 cos x

.dx

V d 3 :Tnh cc tch phn sau

1) A

sin 2 x .dx; B 4 0 1 sin x

cos2004 x .dx 2004 x sin 2004 x 0 cos

2

2) A

x. sin x .dx; B 3 cos 2 x 0

x. sin x .dx 1 cos 2 x 0

Bi tp
1

1) (HPCCC 2000) Tnh I

1

1 x2 .dx 1 2x

4) (HNT TPHCM 1994)Tnh I

1

sin 2 x .dx 3x 1

2) (HGT 2000 )Tnh I

2

x cos x .dx 4 sin 2 x

x. sin 3 x.dx
0

5) (HVBCVTHN 1999)Tnh I

x4 .dx 1 2x 1

3) (HQG HN 1994) Tnh I

2. ng dng ca tch phn xc nh

Mt s kin thc cn nh
Ni dung cc bi ton v din tch hnh phng: 3 bi ton c bn. Bi ton v th tch trn xoay.

Cc v d
Bi 1. Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi php quay xung quanh trc ox ca hnh phng gii hn bi 2 sin x(0 x ). trc ox v -ng y Bi 2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc -ng: y
x2 4x 3, y x 3.

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13

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x2 x2 . ,y 4 4 2 Bi 4. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi (P) y2 = 16x v cc tip tuyn ti A(1;4) B(4; - 8).
Bi 3. Tnh din tc hnh phng gii hn bi cc -ng: y

Bi 1 Din tch phng

1) (HBKHN 2000): Tnh din tch gii hn bi y 2) (HTCKT 2000): Tnh din tch gii hn bi y

sin 2 x. cos3 x; y

0 va x

0; x

2
0; x

e va x 1 3x 12x 3) (HVBCVT 2000) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y 1 2 sin 2 ;y 1 va x 2 4) (HVBCVT 1997) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y x 2 2 x; y 3x 2 2 5) (HTM 1996) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y x ; x y
6) (HKT 1994) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y 7) (HC 1999) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y
x2 4x 3; y 3 x

e ;y

x2; y
x2

8) (HSP1 HN 2000) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y

x2 8 va y 8 x 1; y x 5

9) (HKTQD 1996) Tnh din tch gii hn bi hnh pha d-i (P) : y=ax2 (a>0) v trn y=ax+2a 10) Tnh din tch gii hn bi ( P) : y x 2 4 x 3 v 2 tip tuyn ti cc im A(0;-3) v B(3;0) 11) (H Hu 1999) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y ( x 1) 5 x; y e x va x 1 12) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y

sin 3 x; y

cos3 x va truc Oy voi 0

13) (HVQY 1997) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y cong (C) ti im c honh x=2 14) (HKT 2000) Tnh din tch gii hn bi y x=-1

0;
4x x
4

(C) : y

2x

4 4 x 3 v tip tuyn vi -ng

(C ) v Ox, hai -ng thng c ph-ng trnh x=1;

*****Mt s bi tham kho************ 1) Tnh din tch S gii hn bi th (C ) : y

2) Tnh din tch S gii hn bi th (C ) : y

x 2 trc Ox v -ng thng c ph-ng trnh x=2 1 2 .x 2 trc Ox v 2 -ng thng c ph-ng trnh x=1 v 2

x=3 3) Tnh din tch S gii hn bi th (C ) : y x 2 trc Ox v -ng thng c ph-ng trnh x=2, y=x 4) Tnh din tch S gii hn bi th ( P) : y 2 2 x v -ng thng c ph-ng trnh y=2x-2 5) Tnh din tch S gii hn bi th ( P ) : x 2 y 2 va (P2 ) : x 1 3 y 2 1

Bi 2 Th tch ca cc vt th 1) (HNN1 HN 1997): Cho hnh phng gii hn bi D

y tgx; x 0; x 3 ;y 0

a) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi D b) Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay khi D quay quanh Ox 2) Tnh th tch ca vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi php quay quanh Ox ca hnh gii hn bi trc Ox v (P) y=x2-ax (a>0) 3) (HXD 1997) Tnh th tch ca vt th trn xoaydo hnh phng S y x. ln x; y 0; x 1; x e

4) (HY 1999) Tnh th tch hnh trn xoay sinh ra bi ( E ) :

x2 a2

y2 b2

1 khi n quay quanh Ox

14

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5) (HTS TPHCM 2000): Cho hnh phng G gii hn bi y= 4-x2; y=x2+2 .Quay hnh phng (G) quanh Ox ta
-c mt vt th. Tnh th tch vt th ny 6) (HVQY 1997): Cho hnh phng gii hn bi D quay quanh trc Ox
y x2; y x Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay khi D

7) (HVKTQS 1995) Tnh th tch do D quay quanh Ox D

;x 2 8) Tnh th tch ca vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi php quay quanh Ox ca hnh phng S gii hn bi cc -ng y=x.ex , x=1 , y=0 (0 x 1 ) ( x 4) 2 y 2 9) (HXD 1998) Tnh th tch vt th to bi hnh ( E ) : 1 quay quanh trc Oy 4 16 1 x2 ;y 10) (HNN1 1999): Cho hnh phng gii hn bi D y 2 x2 1

0; y

1 cos4 x sin 4 x ; x

a) b) 11) a) b) 12) a) b) c) 13)

Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi D Tnh th tch vt trn xoay khi D quay quanh Ox (HKT 1996) : Cho hnh phng gii hn bi D y 2 (4 x) 3 ; y 2 4 x Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi D Tnh th tch vt trn xoay khi D quay quanh Ox (HPCCC 2000): Cho hm s (C ) : y x.( x 1) 2 Kho st v v th hm s Vit ph-ng trnh tip tuyn k t 0(0,0) n (C) Tnh th tch gii hn bi (C) quay quanh Ox Cho min (H) gii hn bi -ng cong y=sinx v on 0 x ca trc Ox . Tnh th tch khi trn xoay khi (H) quay quanh a) Trc Ox b) Trc Oy

Chuyn 6:

i s t hp - Nh thc newtn

1. Mt s Bi ton p dng quy tc nhn, cng, hon v, t hp, chnh hp

1.1 Cc bi ton chn s: * V d 1: T cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 c th lp -c:
Bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau. Bao nhiu s t nhin chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau. Bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau trong phi c mt ca s 5. * V d 2: Vi cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5 c th lp -c bao nhiu s t nhin tho: a/ Gm 8 ch s t cc s trn. b/ Gm 8 ch s trong ch s 1 c mt 3 ln cn cc ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln. * V d 3: Vi cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5 c th lp -c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau, trong c hai ch s 1 v 2 khng ng cnh nhau. * V d 4:T 10 ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 c th lp -c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau sao cho : a/ S chia ht cho 5. b/ Trong cc ch s c mt ca ch s 0 v 1. c/ Nh hn 600000. * V d 5: Xt cc hon v ca 6 ch s 1,2,3,4,5,6. Tnh tng S ca tt c cc s to thnh bi cc hon v ny. * V d 6: T cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5,6 c th lp -c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau v trong tng ca 3 ch s u nh hn tng ca 3 ch s cui 1 n v. Convert by TVDT 15 a/ b/ c/

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Bi tp

* Bi 1: T cc ch s 1,2,5,6,7,8 c th lp -c bao nhiu s gm 3 ch s khc nhau t 5 ch s trn sao

cho: a/ S to thnh l mt s chn. b/ S to thnh khng c mt ca ch s 7. c/ S to thnh phi c mt ca ch s 1 v 5. d/ S to thnh nh hn 278. *Bi 2: Cho 8 ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7. a/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 4 ch s khc nhau. b/ C bao nhiu s t nhin chn gm 4 ch s khc nhau. c/ C bao nhiu s t nhin chia ht cho 3 gm 4 ch s khc nhau . *Bi 3: Cho tp A 1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7,8 a/ C bao nhiu tp con X ca A tho iu kin cha 1 v khng cha 2. b/ C bao nhiu s t nhin chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau ly t tp A v khng bt u bi s 123. *Bi 4: Cho tp A 0,1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7 c th lp -c bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s khc nhau ly t tp A sao cho: a/ S to thnh l mt s chn. b/ Mt trong 3 ch s u tin phi bng 1. *Bi 5: Xt nhng s gm 9 ch s, trong c 5 ch s 1 v 4 ch s cn li chn t 2,3,4,5. Hi c bao nhiu s nh- vy nu a/ 5 ch s 1 xp k nhau. b/ Cc ch s -c xp tu . *Bi 6: Cho 7 ch s 0,2,4,5,6,8,9. a/ C bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau lp t cc s trn. b/ C bao nhiu s c 4 ch s khc nhau, trong nht thit phi c ch s 5. *Bi 7: T 10 ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 c th lp -c bao nhiu s gm 7 ch s a1a 2 ...a 7 tho cc iu kin ch s a 3 l s chn , a 7 khng chia ht cho 5, cc ch s a 4 ;a 5 ;a 6 i mt khc nhau. *Bi 8: Vi cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5 ta c th lp -c bao nhiu s : a/ Gm 8 ch s, trong ch s 1 c mt 3 ln, cc ch s khc c mt 1 ln. b/ Gm 6 ch s khc nhau v ch s 2 ng cnh ch s 3. *Bi 9: Ta vit cc s c 6 ch s bng cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5 . Trong mi s -c vit c mt ch s -c xut hin 2 ln cn cc ch s cn li xut hin 1 ln. Hi c bao nhiu s nh- vy. * Bi 10: Cho 7 ch s 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Xt tp E gm 7 ch s khc nhau vit t cc ch s cho. Chng minh rng tng S ca tt c cc s ca tp E chia ht cho 9.

1.2 Cc bi ton chn cc i t-ng thc t: Dng 1: Tm s cch chn cc i t-ng tho iu kin cho tr-c. * V d 1: C 3 bng hng vng, 3 bng hng trng v 4 bng hng ( cc bng hoa xem nh- i 1 khc
nhau) ng-i ta mun chn ra mt b hoa gm 7 bng. a/ C bao nhiu cch chn cc bng hoa -c chn tu . b/ C bao nhiu cch chn sao cho c ng 1 bng mu . c/ C bao nhiu cch chn sao cho c t nht 3 bng hng vng v t nht 3 bng hng . * V d 2: Mt cuc khiu v c 10 nam v 6 n, ng-i ta chn c th t 3 nam v 3 n ghp thnh 3 cp. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn. * V d 3: Mt lp hc c 30 hc sinh trong c 3 cn s lp.n chn 3 em trong 30 hc sinh trn i trc tun sao cho trong 3 em -c chn lun c 1 cn s lp. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn. * V d 4:Mt tr-ng tiu hc c 50 hc sinh tin tin, trong c 4 cp anh em sinh i. Ng-i ta cn chn 3 hc sinh trong 50 hc sinh trn i d hi tri cp thnh ph sao cho khng c cp anh em sinh i no -c chn. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn. * V d 5:Trong mt mn hc, gio vin c 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 cu kh , 10 cu trung bnh v 15 cu hi d. T 30 cu hi c th lp -c bao nhiu kim tra, mi gm 5 cu hi khc nhau, sao cho trong mi nht thit phi c 3 loi cu (kh, trung bnh v d) ng thi s cu d khng t hn 2. Convert by TVDT 16

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* V d 6: Trong mt phng cho a gic u H c 20 cnh. Xt cc tam gic c 3 nh -c ly t cc nh
ca H. a/ b/ c/ d/ C bao nhiu tam gic nh- vy. C bao nhiu tam gic c ng 2 cnh l cnh ca H. C bao nhiu tam gic c ng 1 cnh l cnh ca H. C bao nhiu tam gic khng c cnh no l cnh ca H.

Dng 2: Xp v tr cc i t-ng tho iu kin cho tr-c. * V d 7: C bao nhiu cch xp 5 bn A,B,C,D,E vo mt gh di sao cho
Bn C ngi chnh gia. Bn A v E ngi hai u gh. * V d 8: Trong mt phng hc c 2 dy bn di, mi dy c 5 ch ngi. Ng-i ta mun xp ch ngi cho 10 hc sinh gm 5 nam v 5 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch xp nu: a/ Cc hc sinh ngi tu . b/ Cc hc sinh nam ngi mt bn v n ngi mt bn. * V d 9: Mt hi ngh bn trn c 4 phi on cc n-c : Vit Nam 3 ng-i, Lo 5 ng-i, Thi Lan 3 ng-i v Trung Quc 4 ng-i. Hi c bao nhiu cch xp ch ngi cho mi thnh vin sao cho ng-i cng quc tch th ngi gn nhau. * V d 10: Mt bn di c hai dy gh i din nhau, mi dy gm 4 gh. Ng-i ta mun sp xp ch ngi cho 4 hc sinh tr-ng A v 4 hc sinh tr-ng B vo bn ni trn . Hi c bao nhiu cch xp trong mi tr-ng hp sau: a/ Bt c hai hc sinh no ngi cnh nhau hoc i din nhau cng khc tr-ng vi nhau. b/ Bt c hai hc sinh no ngi i din nhau cng khc tr-ng vi nhau. Bi tp * Bi 1: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh gm 25 nam v 15 n. C bao nhiu cch chn 4 hc sinh sao cho : a/ S hc sinh nam hoc n l tu . b/ Phi c 2 nam v 2 n. c/ Phi c t nht 1 n. d/ S hc sinh nam khng v-t qu 2. * Bi 2: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh cn c ra 1 ban cn s gm 1 lp tr-ng, 1 lp ph v 3 u vin . Hi c my cch lp ra ban cn s lp. * Bi 3: Gia nh ng A c 11 ng-i bn trong c 1 cp v chng. ng mun mi 5 ng-i n d tic, trong c cp v chng c th cng -c mi hoc khng cng -c mi. Hi ng A c bao nhiu cch mi. * Bi45:Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ng-i, gm 12 nam v 3 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn v gip 3 tnh mn ni , sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n. * Bi 5: i tuyn hc sinh gii ca mt tr-ng gm 18 em, trong c 7 hc sinh khi 12, 6 hc sinh khi 11 v 5 hc sinh khi 10. Hi c bao nhiu cch c 8 hc sinh trong i i d tri h sao cho mi khi c t nht mt em -c chn. * Bi 6: Cho hai -ng thng song song. Trn -ng th nht c 10 im phn bit v -ng thng th hai c 20 im phn bit. C bao nhiu tam gic -c to bi cc im cho. * Bi 7: Cho a gic u A1A2 ...A2n (n 2,n ) ni tip -ng trn tm O. Bit rng s cc tam gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n im A1;A2 ;...;A2n nhiu gp 20 ln s cc hnh ch nht c cc nh l 4 trong 2n im A1;A2 ;...;A2n . Hy tm n. *Bi 8 : Mt t gm 6 hc sinh A,B,C,D,E,F -c xp vo 6 ch ngi -c ghi s th t trn mt bn di. Tm s cch xp cc hc sinh ny sao cho: a/ A v B ngi chnh gia cc hc sinh cn li. b/ A v B khng ngi cnh nhau. *Bi 9 : Mt hc sinh c 12 cun sch i mt khc nhau trong c 2 cun sch mn ton, 4 cun mn vn, 6 cun mn anh vn. Hi c bao nhiu cch xp tt c cc cun sch ln mt k di , nu mi cun sch ny -c xp k nhau v nhng cun cng mn hc xp k nhau. a/ b/

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17

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* Bi 10: Mt bn di c hai dy gh i din nhau, mi dy gm 6 gh. Ng-i ta mun sp xp ch ngi cho
6 hc sinh tr-ng A v 6 hc sinh tr-ng B vo bn ni trn . Hi c bao nhiu cch xp trong mi tr-ng hp sau: a/ Bt c hai hc sinh no ngi cnh nhau hoc i din nhau cng khc tr-ng vi nhau. b/ Bt c hai hc sinh no ngi i din nhau cng khc tr-ng vi nhau.

2. Cc bi ton nh thc, ph-ng trnh bt ph-ng trnh Hon v, t hp & chnh hp

Mt s kin thc cn nh
1. Hon v : Pn

n. n 1 ...2.1
n n 1 ... n k 1
1 ,0 k
k k Cn .a n k .b k k 0 k 0

k 2. Chnh hp: An

n! n k !
n
k Cn

0 O ! 1, An

1 0 k
k Cn k Cn

n
1

k 3. T hp: Cn

n! O Cn k !. n k !
n

n Cn

k Cn 1

4. Nh Thc nu tn: a b

n k Cn .a k .b n k

Tng c n+1 s hng .bc ca mi s hng l n-k+k=n k S hng tng qut Tk 1 Cn .a n k .b k

Cc v d
I. Gii pt, h pt, bt ph-ng trnh, h bt ph-ng trnh v i s t hp 3 *V d 1. Gii phng trnh: a, C1 6.Cx2 6.Cx 9 x 2 14 x b, C5x 2 C5x 1 C5x 25 x 5 2 14 *V d 2. Gii phng trnh: x C5 C6x C7x *V d 3. Hy tm s nguyn dong tha m phng trnh 5 2 4 3 a, Cn 1 Cn 1 S: n=11 An 2 0 4 2 n 2 3 3 n 0 1 2 n b, Cn .Cn 2 2Cn Cn Cn Cn 3 100 c, Cn 2Cn 4Cn ... 2n Cn 243

*V d 4. Px Ax2 72 6 Ax2 2 Px *V d 5. Gii h phng trnh

2 Cn 1 *V d 6. Gii bpt: a) 2 Cn

2 Axy 5A
y x

5C xy 2C
y x

90 80

S: x=5 ,y=2 S: a)

3 n 10

3 n 1 b) An 1 Cn 1 14 n 1

2 3

n 5 b)

7 2

n 4

4 4 An 4 An 143 24 *V d 7. Gii bt phng trnh: a) b) 3 n 4 n 2 ! 4 Pn 23 An 1 Cn S: a) 9,5 n 2,5 b)1 n 5 5 2 1 2 3 2 *V d 8. Gii bt phng trnh: a, Cx4 1 Cx 1 Ax 2 0 b, A2 x Ax 4 2 S: a, 5 x 11 b, x 4 Bi tp 1. Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau:

6 3 Cx 10 x

1/

2A 2 x

50

A2 x 2

2/

1 Cx 4

1 Cx 5

1 Cx 6
18

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k k k 2. Tm k sao cho cc s C7 ;C7 1;C7 3. Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau: 2

theo th t lp thnh mt cp s cng. 2/

1/

C4 n

C3 n

5 2 An 4

0, n

A3 n

2Cn n

9n

4. Gii cc h ph-ng trnh sau: 1/

2A y x 5A
y x

y 5C x

90 80
6(A 2 x 2Px )
3

2C
72 2C 2 n

y x

2/

Cy 1 : Cy 1 : Cy 1 x x x

6:5:2

5. Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau: 1/ 3/

Px A 2 x C2 n
1

2/
4

1 Cx 5

2 Cx 6

14 Cx 7

2C 2 n

C2 n

149

4/

C1 x

6C2 x
5 2 Ax 4

6C3 x

9x 2 14x

6. Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau: Cx 3 1 x 1 1/ 4 A x 1 14P 3 1 2 6 3 A2 x A2 C x 10 3/ x 2 x 7. Gii cc PT v h PT sau: Cy Cy 1 0 x x

1/

2/ 4/

C 4 1 C3 1 x x

4 2x C2 C2x ... C2x 2x

22003 1

4C

y x

5C

y 1 x

0
2 3

2/

C m 11 : C m 1 : C m 11 n n n

5:5:3

Pn 5 k 60 An (n k )! 9. Gii h ph-ng trnh C xy 1 : C xy 1 : C xy 1

8. Gii bt ph-ng trnh
2 10. Gii bt ph-ng trnh C 2 x 4 C2 x

vi 2 n n, k thuc N (TNPT 2003 - 2004)

6:5:2

(TNPT 2002 - 2003)

n 2.C n 2

2 ...... C 2 xx

2 2003 1

3 11. Tm s n nguyn d-ng tho mn bt ph-ng trnh An

9n

S: n = 4, n = 3
2005

12. Tm s t nhin n tho mn: C .C

1 2n 1

2 n

n 2 n

2C .C
2 2n 1

2 n

3 n
2

C .C

3 n

n 3 n

100 .
1 2n 1 ...( 2n 1).22 n C2 n 1

2.2C Tm s t nhin n bit (KA 2005) C II. Tm 1 s hng hoc h s ca mt s hng

4

3.2 C

3 2n 1

4 4.23 C2 n

1 *V d 1.Tm h s ca s hng cha x trong khai trin x x

10

*V d 2. Tm s hng x31, Trong khai trin x

1 x2

40

*V d 3. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin *V d 4. Trong khai trin x 3 x x

28 15 n

1 4 x

n n Tm s hng khng cha x bit Cn Cn

n Cn

79

*V d 5. Tm h s ca s hng cha x trong khai trin

43

5 3

1 x2

21

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1 *V d 6. Bit trong khai trin x 3 ng gia trong khai trin
n

C h s ca s hng th 3 bng 5. Hy tnh s hng

n

*V d 7. Cho khai trin

s ca s hng c cha x5

3 3

3 x2

. Bit tng ca ba s hng u itn trong khai trin bng 631. Tm h

*V d 8. Bit tng h s ca ba s hng u tin trong khai trin

khng cha x
10

x x

1
15

x 28

bng 79 .Tm s hng

*V d 9. tm h s ca x y trong khai trin

6 2

xy

x y

*V d 10. Trong khai trin .

nguyn dng.

xy 2

12

xy

. Tm s hng cha x v y sao cho s m ca x v y l cc s

19

*V d 11. Tm cc hng t l s nguyn trong khai trin *V d 12.

a, Cho khai trin 1 x
101

. Trong cc h s ca cc s hng .Tm h s ln nht

30

b, Cho khai trin . 1 2x

.Tm h s ln nht trong cc h s

Bi tp
a0 a1 x ... a100 x 1. Bit rng (2 x) a) CMR: a2 < a3 . b) Vi gi tr no ca k th ak< ak + 1 (0k99) k 2. Tm k thuc {0, 1, . 2005} sao cho: C 2005 t GTLN.
100 100

3. Tm s nguyn n>1 tho mn ng thc: 2 Pn 4. Tnh gi tr ca biu th-c M

A4 n
1

2 6 An

2 Pn An

12 .

3A 3 n n l s nguyn d-ng Bit rng: (n 1)! 2 2 2 2 C n 1 2C n 2 2C n 3 C n 4 149 5. Tm h s ca x7 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca (2 - 3x) 2n. 6. Gi s (1 2 x) n a0 a1 x ... a n x n v a0 a1 ... an 729.

Tm n v s ln nht trong cc s: a0 , a1 ,..., an 7. Gi s n l s nguyn d-ng v (1 x) n Bit rng k nguyn (0<k<n) sao cho
a0 a1 ... a n x n

ak 1 ak ak 1 Tnh n? S: n = 10 2 9 24 8. Gi s n l s nguyn d-ng v (1 x)10 ( x 2) x11 a1 a1 x10 ...a11 . Hy tnh h s a5 S 672 n 1 n 9. Tm h s ca s hng cha x8 trong khai trin nh thc. Bit: C n 4 C n 3 7(n 3) S: 495

10. Tm h s ca s hng cha x8 trong khai trin nh thc 1 x 2 (1 x) . 11. C bao nhiu hng t l s nguyn trong khai triin 12. C bao nhiu hng t l s nguyn trong khai trin
4

3 7
3

124

5
64

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13. Khai trin a thc P x 14. Cho khai trin : 2 15. Trong khai trin :
x 1 2

1 x

1 x

10

...

1 x

14

A0

A1 x ... A14 x14 . Tnh A9

2
a b

x 3

n
3 . Bit Cn 1 5Cn v s hng th 4 bng 20n .Tm x v n

n 3

b 3 a

tm s hng cha a,b c s m bng nhau

1 3 2 x 3
40

16. Tm h s ln nht trong cc h s ca khai trin 17. Bit tng cc h s trong khai trin 1 2 x 18. Bit tng cc h s trong khai trin 1 x 2 19. Tm h s x8 trong khai trin :
1 x3 x5
n
n

bng 6561. Tm h s ca x4 bng 1024 .Tm h s ca x12

n 1 n Bit Cn 4 Cn 3

7 n 3

III. Chng minh ng thc *V d 1. 0 a, (HBK HN - 1998). Chng minh rng: 316 C16 b, (HYD TP HCM - 2000). Chng minh rng: 0 1 2 n b1, Cn Cn Cn ... Cn 2n
1 b2, C2 n 3 C2 n 5 C2 n 2n ... C2 n 1 0 C2 n 2 C2 n

1 315 C16

2 316 C16

16 ... C16

216

4 C2 n

2n ... C2 n

0 1 2 3 2005 c, Chng minh rng: 7 2005 C2005 72004.6.C2005 72003.62.C2005 72002.63.C2005 ... 62005 C2005 1 *V d 2. a, (HAN-CS khi A - 1998). Chng minh rng: 2 3 4 n 2.1.Cn 3.2.Cn 4.3.Cn ... n.(n 1).Cn n(n 1).2n 2 , n , n 2. b, (H Hng Hi - 1997). Chng minh rng: 0 1 2 n 1 2 3 n n.4n 1.Cn (n 1).4n 2.Cn (n 2).4n 3.Cn ... ( 1)n.Cn 1 Cn 4Cn 23 Cn ... n.2 n 1 Cn , n , n 1. *V d 3. 22 1 23 2 2n 1 n 1 ( 1)n 0 a, (H Giao thng vn ti - 1996). Chng minh rng: 2Cn Cn Cn ... ( 1)n Cn 2 3 n 1 n 1 n 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 n Cn Cn ... Cn , n , n 2. b, (H M H Ni - 1999). CMR: Cn 3 6 9 3n 3 3( n 1) *V d 4. m 1 m1 m a, Chng minh Cn m Cm n n m k k m b, Cho n,m,k l cc s nguyn dng v m n, k m Chng minh: Cn Cm Cn Cn kk 1 n1 n n c, Cho n nguyn dng. Chng minh rng: C2 n C2 n 1 C2 n 2 2 2 2 d, Cho n2 v n nguyn . Chng minh: Cn 1 Cn n 1 1 1 1 ... 1 e, Cho n2 v n nguyn .Chng minh: 2 =T 2 2 n A2 A3 An

HD: T

2 2 !

3 2 !

2! 3! n! k k *V d 5. (S dng tnh cht: Cn Cn

....

n 2 !

,T
1

1 1 1 2 k Cn 1 )

1 2

1 3

...

1 n 1

1 n

1 n

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21

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k k k k C k 3Cn 1 3Cn 2 Cn 3 Cn 3 3 k n a, Chng minh n k k k k k 2 k 3 b, Chng minh : 2Cn 5Cn 1 4Cn 2 Cn 3 Cn 2 Cn 3

c, Cho 4 k

k n .Chng minh rng Cn m n

k 4Cn

k 6Cn m 1 n 2

k 4Cn

k Cn

k Cn

C C ...C C d, .Cho 1 m n .Chng minh rng C *V d 6. (Khai trin mt biu thc hoc, hai biu thc bng hai cch khc nhau sau ng nht h s ) 0 k 1 k 6 k k a, Chng minh rng: C6 .Cn C6 .Cn 1 ... C6 .Cn 6 Cn 6
m 1 n 1 m 1 m m 1 m 1
0 b, Chng minh: Cn 0 c, Chng minh. Cn 2 2 1 Cn 1 Cn 2 2

... ...

n Cn

n C2 n n Cn 2 n 1 C2 n n

1
1

0 p 1 p d, Chng minh rng: Cn .Cm Cn .Cm

0 ... Cnp .Cm

Cnp m

HD: a, 1 x . 1 x b, 1 x . 1 x
n n

! 1 x
n k Cn x k

n 6

! so snh x k
k
0 H s ca xn l Cn 2 1 Cn 2

n k Cn x n k 0

...

n Cn

k 0

1 x
c, 1 x
2n

2n

2n k 0

k k C2 n x k H s xk l C2 n
2n

.1 x
n

1 x2
m

2n

d, Xt 1 x

1 x

=!

H s ca xp ,1p <n ,1p<m; Trong khai trin 1 x

m n

H s ca xp l
210

Bi tp
0 1. a, (HQG H Ni khi D - 1997). Chng minh rng: C10 1 C10 2 C10 10 ... C10 0 1 2 n b, Cho: 0 n . Chng minh rng: Cn Cn Cn ... ( 1) n Cn 0 2. . (HTCKT - H Ni - 2000). 1 2 3 n ,n 1 Chng minh rng: Cn 2Cn 3Cn ... nCn n.2n 1 , n 3. (HKTQD - 2000). 1 2 3 n ,n 1 Chng minh rng: 1.2n 1 Cn 2.2n 2 Cn 3.2n 3 Cn ... nCn n.3n 1 , n 4. (H Lut H Ni - 1997). 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 n Chng minh rng: Cn Cn Cn ... ( 1)n Cn 2 4 6 2n 2 2n 2 5. (H Nng - 2001). 22 1 23 2 2n 1 n 3n 1 1 0 Chng minh rng: 2Cn Cn Cn ... Cn , n 2 3 n 1 n 1 6. (H Nng nghip - 1999). 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 19 1 Chng minh rng: C19 C19 C19 ... C19 2 3 4 21 420 7. (B tuyn sinh cu IVa, 81). 1 1 1 2 1 3 ( 1) n n (2n)!! Cn Cn Cn ... Cn Chng minh rng: 1 3 5 7 2n 1 (2n 1)!! 8. (HQG Tp HCM khi D - 1997). 4 k n k k k k k k Cho: . Chng minh rng: Cn 4Cn 1 6Cn 2 4Cn 3 Cn 4 Cn 4 k, n k 0 9. Chng minh rng: Cn Cn k 1 0 k Cn 1Cn ... Cn Cn k C2 n

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0 T suy ra: C100 2 1 C100 2 2 C100 2

...

100 C100

100 C200

10. Chng minh rng: 9 8 7 6 a, C10 4C10 6C10 4C10

0 b, C1999 2 1 C1999 2 2 C1999

5 C10

9 C14

...

1999 C1999

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23