Qun l ti nguyn thin nhin

GIS l cng c c lc trong qun l ti nguyn thin nhin. GIS c th c dng to bn phn b ti nguyn, kim k, nh gi tr lng ti nguyn, ... Nhng ng dng ca GIS trong lnh vc ny l khng gii hn.

Qun l ti nguyn thin nhin TI NGUYN SINH VT

Phn tch Qun th ng vt hoang d

Bn c th s dng GIS hin th v phn tch d liu thuc tnh. Chng hn, Chambers Group s dng GIS v cc d liu thu thp c t h thng nh v ton cu (GPS) dn ra s phn b v mt ca cc qun th ra cn sa mc. Cng ty Duke Power dng GIS qun l cc d liu a l v cc loi c nc m (open water). S kt hp gia GIS v cng ngh nh v bng ting di cho nhng thng tin v nhng nh gi loi chi tit hn so vi cc phng php trc y. Sau khi thu thp d liu, GIS c s dng m phng v phn tch tnh a dng theo khng gian, s phn b theo su v kch c ca cc loi c.

Phn tch phn b loi

Hin nay nhim mi trng ang e do s tn ti ca nhiu loi sinh vt, trong c nhiu loi c. GIS h tr tch cc trong cng vic bo tn nhng loi c ang b e do. Cc d liu bao gm thng tin v rng v su ca dng chy, cht lng v nhit nc, s phn b ca cc loi c. Phn mm ARC/INFO c s dng nhp d liu vo mt c s d liu gm 250 lp thng tin bao ph ton b vng chu th sng Columbia. Nhng thng tin ny c xut bn trn CD-ROM v cung cp cho cc nh qun l ti nguyn. Trng i hc Wisconsin s dng GIS phn tch s xm thc tr li ca loi si lng xm min ng cng cc yu t a n s ti thit lp thnh cng vng phn b ny. Bn cho thy hng di chuyn n nh ca loi si ny n min ng. Cc c tnh t nhin ca cc vng sinh l Maine c th c nh gi ngay lp tc bng vic s dng d liu GIS lp bn . Vn phng GIS vng Maine dng GIS phn chia 15 vng t nhin ca Maine cng vi cc loi trong mi vng. Kim sot cc khu bo tn

T chc Bo tn quc t v Chnh ph Malagasy s dng GIS kim sot s phn b ca cc loi thc vt Madagascar. Bn ny biu din cc loi thc vt ca min nam Madagascar bng cc mu khc nhau v biu din cc khu bo tn bng nn cho. Vi nhng thng tin ny, c th d dng xc nh cc vng cn c bo v hoc cc vng hin c bo v c kh nng b xm hi. Kim sot a dng sinh hc

Mt s t chc s dng GIS phn tch s phn b v mc bo tn i vi mt s thnh phn ca a dng sinh hc. GIS gip cc nh nghin cu xc nh cc loi c kh nng hin din trong vng qun l hay khng (vng gin on). Nhng loi ny c dng lm ch th cho a dng sinh hc hoc cho s vng mt, i vi mt vng c th. Bo tn nhng loi ang b e do

Hin nay nhim mi trng ang e do s tn ti ca nhiu loi sinh vt, trong c nhiu loi c. GIS h tr tch cc trong cng vic bo tn nhng loi c ang b e do. Cc d liu bao gm thng tin v rng v su ca dng chy, cht lng v nhit nc, s phn b ca cc loi c. Phn mm ARC/INFO c s dng nhp d liu vo mt c s d liu gm 250 lp thng tin bao ph ton b vng chu th sng Columbia. Nhng thng tin ny c xut bn trn CD-ROM v cung cp cho cc nh qun l ti nguyn. Cc chuyn gia Corvallis, Oregon s dng d liu GIS pht trin chin lc bo tn loi c hi Coho, mt loi c hi mu hng bc c tm thy ch yu vng ca sng ca Oregon v Washington. Trong nghin cu ny, vng chu th sng Umpqua c la chn, y l vng trc y rt nhiu c hi Coho, nhng nay do khai thc g, xy dng, nn thng dng chy sng sui, ph hu ni sng ca loi c ny, lm s lng ca chng gim st nghim trng, ch khong 3% so vi trc kia. Cng vic bo tng c bt u vi vic xc nh ni c tr ca cc qun th v gip cho chng m rng qun th. GIS c s dng hin th v phn tch thng tin v iu kin sng ca loi. Tm kim ni sng ph hp: Cc nh phn tch to ra cc bng biu v bn chi tit v h thng dng chy, t tm kim nhng ni thch hp cho c hi Coho. Cc yu t c trng ca dng chy nh hng trc tip n c hi Coho u c a ng thi vo bn .

Cng c phi hp hot ng: thc hin nhim v bo tn c hi Coho, cc nh nghin cu cn phi hp vi cc t chc bo tn khc. GIS tr thnh cng c hu ch trao i phi hp,

to cc n phm ho pht hnh cng nh tho lun v l cng c chia x cc thng tin mi, a cc d liu ln Internet. Cc c quan qun l cc cp, cc nh khoa hc, nhng ngi hot ng mi trng v nhng i tng khc u c th s dng v ng gp thng tin trc tip vo c s d liu ca h thng.
Du m v kh t l ngun ti nguyn ang c khai thc rng khp trn ton th gii v lun phi m bo hn ch nhng s c mi trng. Bi l qun l cht ch ngun ti nguyn ny lun l vn c quan tm. Vi cng ngh GIS, cng vic ny c h tr rt nhiu, nng cao hiu qu qun l{ cng nh khai thc. Thm d trong nhng khu vc nhy cm

S dng GIS v cc cng ngh khoan thm d hin i, ngi ta c th nh v v tin hnh x l cc d liu b mt mt cch d dng, cch xa vng nhy cm m vn m bo t c nhng yu cu chuyn mn c gi tr ca vng di mt t. Chevron, mt tp on du la quc t, s dng phn mm ArcView GIS nh v du m trong vng chu th Niger. Cng ty trch nghim hu hn Chevron Nigeria thuc tp on Chevron ng dng GIS trong phn ln cc hot ng ca cng ty. GIS cho php thm d v qun l ngun du m m hn ch ti thiu nh hng c hi i vi h ng, thc vt. Cc s liu thu c t quan trc a chn c thu thp to nn cc bn 3 chiu di mt t. Cc chuyn gia c th s dng nhng nh 3 chiu ny a ra cc quyt nh v v tr c th ca cc ti du m khng cn tin hnh khoan nhiu ln. Nhng vn lin quan trong qun l ti nguyn du m

C rt nhiu vn v mi trng c lin quan trong qu trnh khai thc du m, h thng thot nc,

sng sui b nhim, s bin mt ca c v ng vt hoang d. Do cc cng ty du m khai thc trong vng phi lm vic vi chnh quyn a phng v vn d tr du m, xy dng ng giao thng, no vt knh mng, m bo iu kin sng ca dn c cng nh cc sinh vt hoang d. Cc nh khoa hc ca Charvon nhp cc nh v tinh v d liu quan trc khng gian vo h thng ArcView GIS to bn c s ca vng. H kim tra v hiu nh cc v tr ca cc i tng c nh nh cc ging du v ng giao thng so vi s liu nhn c t h thng nh v ton cu (GPS). Nhng d liu khc, chng hn nh v tr vng t ngp nc, nhng loi b e do, dn c, u c thm vo cc bn s. Tt c nhng d liu GIS ny cng vi cc s liu thm d gip xc nh v tr thch hp nht to mt ging khoan, ng thi h tr tch cc cho cc nh qun l ti nguyn. Quan trc cht lng nc: Khi du m c khai thc t lng t, n lun cha mt lng kh t nhin, mt s cht gy nhim (nh lu huznh) v nc. Nhng cht lng ny c x l v sau mt thi gian s quay tr li lng t. Kim sot lng nc thi t cc ging khoan l cn thit xc nh cc x l{ phng php x l an ton thch hp. Cc phn tch ho hc v cht lng nc cng c lu trong GIS, gip cho cc nh qun l{ xc nh nhanh chng bt kz s tng ln no ca cc cht gy nhim v a ra nhng bin php kp thi. Qun l an ton khai thc

GIS c s dng to bn v cc vng nc ngm nhy cm, vi s chng lp d liu v v tr dn khoan, su ca nc. Nhng bn ny s gip thit k tuyn ng ng dn du. GIS cng c s dng nu c s c trn du. Nhng d liu trn du c chnh ph v cc cng ty du m lu gi v nhp vo h GIS v c m ho vi nhng thng s nh s lng du trn, thi gian, nhng ngi c lin quan. Nhng d liu ny s h tr cc nh qun l rt nhiu. Khi s c xy ra, GIS c th xc nh nhanh chng nhng v tr ng ng c u tin v nhng ni c tr cn c bo v.

Qun l ti nguyn thin nhin TI NGUYN NC

GIS c th h tr nh gi mc nc ngm, m phng h thng sng h v nhiu ng dng lin quan n qun l ti nguyn nc khc. Nhng v d di y l mt vi ng dng ca GIS trong lnh vc ny. Kim sot mc nc ngm

Duy tr mc nc ngm thch hp trong cc vng khai khong l mt vn ln. Trng i hc K thut Aachen, c s dng GIS kim sot mc nc ngm cho cc vng khai thc than, to cc bn mc nc ngm, kt hp vi cc d liu khc nh th nhng, a hnh, quy m khai thc m, cng ngh k thut c s dng, cung cp cng c c lc cho cc nh phn tch. Kim sot s phc hi mc nc ngm

nh gi s phc hi mc nc ngm l rt kh khn, nhng vi cng ngh GIS cng vic ny tr nn d dng hn. Umlandverband Frankfurt, c, dng GIS xy dng cc lp bn cho mi tnh ton v s phc hi mc nc ngm. Nhng lp ny sau c kt hp li to nn mt bn cui cng biu din s phc hi ca mi vng. GIS gip cho cc nh nghin cu d dng tnh ton v m phng ng thi tc phc hi mc nc ngm ca cc vng khc nhau. Phn tch h thng sng ngi

Vin a cht Zagreb, Croatia, s dng GIS phn tch h thng sng cng nh ton b vng lu vc sng Drava. Vi cng ngh GIS c th xy dng m phng mng li sng ngi ca khu vc cng cc thng s c trng cho mi dng chy v phn tch nhng nh hng m chng c th chu tc ng. Qun l cc lu vc sng

Lu vc sng l mt h thng nhy cm v phc tp. Qun l lu vc sng i hi lu lng nc y , duy tr s n nh ca cc h sinh thi, kim sot l. Cng ty Qun l Cht thi v Nng lng Ht nhn Thu in v Nespak, Pakistan phi hp s dng GIS h tr qun l vng lu vc sng Torrent Pakistan. GIS c s dng m hnh ho s cn bng nc, qu trnh xi mn, v kim sot l cho khu vc. Hammon, Jensen, Wallen & Associates dng GIS kim sot vng lu vc sng Santa Lucia Preserve. M hnh khng gian ba chiu c xy dng nh cng ngh GIS, gip cc nh nghin cu tip cn chnh xc v a hnh v th nhng ca khu vc, t xy dng nhng quy lut din bin quan trng cho ton b vng lu vc sng. Kim sot cc ngun nc

Ti M, GIS c dng qun l s phn b ca cc ngun nc, nh cc nh khoa hc c th d d xc nh v tr cc ngun nc ny trong ton b h thng.