Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LUN VN TT NGHIP
TI:
THNG 02/2000
B GIO DC V O TO
I HC QUC GIA TP.HCM
TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.HCM
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN IN T
NHIM V LUN VN
TT NGHIP
H v tn sinh vin : HUNH NGC DNG
Lp : 95K
Ngnh : IN - IN T
1. Tn ti:
Thng qua b mn
Ngy .......thng ........nm 2000
Ch nhim b mn
Lp
Cn b phn bin
TN TI
: 95K
:
:
L NI U
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin,
th gii ca chng ta v ang mt ngy thay i, vn minh v hin
i hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lat nhng
thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh,
gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hat ng ca con
ngi t hiu qu cao.
in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in
t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng
nng-lm-ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hat ng i
sng hng ngy.
Mt trong nhng ng dng rt quan trng ca cng ngh in t
l k thut iu khin t xa. N gp phn rt ln trong vic iu
khin cc thit b t xa.
Xut pht t ng dng quan trng trn, em thit k v thi cng
mch iu khin t xa qut bn bng tia hng ngoi.
Ni dung phn lun n gm hai phn:
Phn I: l thuyt.
Phn II: thit k v thi cng.
Do thi gian, ti liu v trnh cn hn ch nn cun lun n
chc chn khng th trnh nhng thiu st. Knh mong s ch dn v
gp ca tt c thy c v cc bn.
Th c ngy 24/2/2000
Sinh vin thc hin
Hunh Ngc Dng
CHNG I
CHNG DN NHP
iu khin t xa l vic iu khin mt m hnh mt khong cch no
m con ngi khng nht thit trc tip n ni t h thng. Khong cch tu
thuc vo tng h thng c mc phc tp khc nhau, chng hn nh iu khin
t xa mt phi thuyn ta cn phi c h thng pht v thu mnh, ngc la, iu
khin mt tr chi in t t xa ta ch cn mt h thng pht v thu y hn
Nhng tng c iu khin c th trn khng gian, di y bin
su hay mt vng xa xi ho lnh no trn mt i cu .
Th gii cng pht trin th lnh vc iu khin cn phi c m rng hn.
Vic ng dng iu khin t xa vo thng tin lin lc mang li nhiu thun li
cho xa hiloi ngi, thng tin c cp nht hn nh s chnh xc v nhanh chng
ca qu trnh iu khin t xa trong o lng t xa.
Ngoi ra iu khin t xa cn c ng dng trong k thut o lng. Trc
y, mun o phng x ca l ht nhn th ht sc kh khn v phc tp nhng
gi y con ngi c th mt ni ht sc an ton no cng c th o c
phng x ca l ht nhn nh vo k thut iu khin t xa. Nh vy, h thng iu
khin t xa hn ch c mc phc tp ca cng vic v m bo an tan cho
con ngi.
Trong sinh hat hng ngy ca con ngi nh nhng tr chi gii tr (robot,
xe iu khin t xa ) cho n nhng ng dng gn gi vi con ngi cng c
ci tin cho ph hp vi vic s dng v t mc tin li nht. iu khin t xa
thm nhp vo vn ny do cho ra nhng loi tivi iu khin t xa, u video,
VCD, CD, n qut bn tt c u c iu khin t xa. Xut pht t nhng
tng trn nn em chn ti iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, nhng v
thi gian qu hn hp, trnh k thut cng nh vn ti chnh cn nhiu hn
ch nn em ch thit k v thi cng mch iu khin t xa qut bng tia hng ngoi.
CHNG II
L THUYT IU KHIN T XA
I. GII THIU H THNG IU KHIN T XA:
H thng iu khin t xa l mt h thng cho php ta iu khin cc thit b
t mt khong cch xa. V d h thng iu khin bng v tuyn, h thng iu
khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, h thng iu khin t xa bng cp quang dy dn.
S kt cu ca h thng iu khin t xa bao gm:
- Thit b pht: bin i lnh iu khin thnh tin tc tn hiu v pht i.
- ng truyn: a tn hiu iu khin t thit b pht n thit b thu.
- Thit b thu: nhn tn hiu iu khin t ng truyn, qua qu trnh bin i,
bin dch ti hin li lnh iu khin ri a n cc thit b thi hnh.
thit b
pht
ng
truyn
thit b
thu
iu ch
Tn hiu
sng
mang
Khuch
i pht
S khi my thu
Khuch
i thu
Gii iu
ch
Khuch
i
Chp
hnh
Dao ng a hi mt
trng thi bn
B pht xung
H thng iu ch PAM
Tn hiu
iu ch
iu ch
bin
xung (PAM)
iu ch
rng
xung (PWM)
iu ch
v tr
xung (PPM)
iu ch
m xung
(PCM)
Tn hiu iu
ch
So
snh
B pht hm
RAMP
S khi h thng PWM
Trong s khi, tn hiu iu ch c a n khi so snh in p cng
vi tn hiu pht ra t b pht hm RAMP.
3. iu ch v tr xung (PPM):
Vi phng php iu ch v tr xung th cc xung c iu ch c bin v
rng xung khng thay i theo bin ca tn hu iu ch.
Hnh thc n gin ca iu ch v tr xung l qa trnh iu ch rng xung.
iu ch v tr xung c u im l s dng t nng lng hn iu ch rng
xung nhng c nhc im l qu trnh gii iu bin my thu phc tp hn cc
dng iu ch khc.
4. iu ch m xung:
Phng php iu ch m xung c xem l phng php chnh xc v
hiu qu nht trong cc phng php iu ch xung.
Trong iu ch m xung mi mu bin ca tn hiu iu ch c bin
i bng s nh phn s nh phn ny c biu th bng nhm xung, s hin
din ca mt xung biu th bng [1] v s thiu i mt xung biu th bng mc
[0]. Ch c th biu th trn 16 bin khc nhau ca bin tn hiu (m 4 bit),
v vy n khng c chnh xc. chnh xc c th c ci thin bng cch
tng s bit. Mi m n bit c th biu th c 2n mc ring bit ca tn hiu .
Trong phng php iu ch m xung, tn s th c quyt nh bi tn
hiu cao nht trong qu trnh x l, iu ny cho thy rng nu nhng mu th
1. Cu to:
Kt cu ca mt trong cc loi quang in tr c trnh by trong hnh bn
(1a).
Hnh 1a
Trong v cht do c ca s nh sng chiu qua, ngi ta t phm thy
tinh 2, trn c ri cc in cc hnh lc. Khong cch gia cc in cc cha
lp bn dn. Cc in cc dn in v c ni n cc chn cm xuyn qua v.
bo v lp v khi b m t, ngi ta ph ln trn b mt n mt lp sn
trong sut. Ty theo loi quang in tr b mt lm vic ca lp bin thin trong
phm vi t 0,01 n 0,04 cm2 .
Ta la chn quang in tr theo ph bc x ca vt cht. Nhng loi quang
in tr trong cng nghip c ch to bng Sulfit ch (CA) c s dng
ch th nhit ng v tnh trng vt th nung nng nhit tng i thp
(2000C 400 0C ). Do t tuyn ph ca chng (ng 1 hnh 1b) cn cc i
nm trong khu vc gn bc x hng ngai (1,8m n 2,5m).
IF%
2
50
Hnh 1b
c tuyn ph ca quang in tr Sulfit ch.
(
1 bil muyt 2
c tuyn ph ca loi Sulfit
( C5) th3 hin ng 2 hnh 1b gn
m)
nh cng di bc sng vi loi Sulfit Catmi (CK) trong khu vc nh sng trng
thy:
2. Nguyn l lm vic:
0
S nguyn l
Qu trnh lm vic ca mch nh sau:
Khi cha chiu sng mt quang in tr, dng in qua n v mch ngoi nh
nht gi l dng in ti.
Khi chiu sng mt quang in tr vi chiu di bc sng thch hp, in tr
tinh th bn dn gim ng k. Hin tng nay ph thuc vo cht bn dn c
s dng, tp cht, chiu di bc sng.
Gi tr in tr ph thuc nh sng chiu vo, c th thay i t M
n
3. c tuyn:
10
15
20
b. c tuyn nh sng:
Quang in tr c c tuyn nh sng khng tuyn tnh. V th, ch in ca
mch s dng thng
tnh theo th im sng v c tuyn V-A
IF(mA)
6
5
4
3
2
1
c-k1
c k2
0 200
500
1000
1500
E(V)
c.Tiu chun l
chn in
p ngun cung cp cho quang in tr l
phi m bo:
in p trn quang in tr Sulfit ch khi lm vic trong thi gian di thng
gii hn 15V, cn cng sut vi chc W.
nhy tch phn cao cng nh hn ch cng sut ta ra trong quang in
tr, vt qa n s dn ti phn ng khng thun nghch.
nhy tch phn l cng dng in pht sinh khi mt n v quang thng
chiu vo (A/lm).
4. ng dng:
Da vo nguyn l lm vic quang in tr c ng dng vo nhiu lnh
vc k thut sau:
-Phn t pht hin.
-o sng trong quang ph.
-Lm cm bin trong rt nhiu h thng t ng ha.
-Bo v, bo ng
3.2 DIODE QUANG:
1. Cu to:
Diode quang thng c ch to bng gecmani v silic. Hnh 2a trnh by
cu to ca diode quang ch to bng silic ( ,K-1) dng lm b ch th tia ln cn
bc x hng ngoi.
Hnh 2a
2. Nguyn l:
P
N
R
t
P
N
R
t
Hnh 2b
Hnh 2c
Diode quang c th lm vic trong 2 ch :
-Ch bin i quang in.
-Ch ngun quang in.
a. Nguyn l trong ch bin i quang in (hnh 2b)
Lp p c mc vo cc m ca ngun in, lp n mc vi cc dng, phn
cc nghch nn khi cha chiu sng ch c dng in nh b chy qua ng vi
dng in ngc (cn gi l dng in ti). Khi c quang thng dng in qua
mi ni p-n tng ln gi l dng in sng.
Dng tng trong mch gm c dng ti v dng sng, cng chiu lp n gn
tip th dng sng cng ln.
b. Nguyn l lm vic ca diode trong ch ngun pht quang in (pin
mt tr) (H2c)
Khi quang thng, cc in tch trn m ni p-n c gii phng ta ra sc in
ng trn 2 cc ca diode, do , lm xut hin dng in chy trong mch.
Tr s sc in ng xut hin trong ngun pht quang in ph thuc vo loi
ngun pht v tr s ca quang thng.
3. Vi thng s ca diode quang v pin mt tri:
IF (%)
100
50
0
0.5 0.7
( m)
0.8
1.3
Hnh 2d
- Diode quang c th lm vic 2 ch va nu, khi dng lm b bin
quang in ta a vo n mt in p 20V, cc a chn lc nm trong gii hn
0.8m 0,85 m
(Hnh 2d).
- Gii hn nhy ca n trn bc sng = 1,2m
- nhy tch phn k = 4A/lm
- i v diode quang ch ta bng gecmani, nhy ny cao hn 20 mA/lm.
4.ng dng ca diode quang:
- o nh sng.
- Cm bin quang o tc .
- Dng trong thin vn theo di cc ngi sao o khong cch bng quang.
- iu khin t ng trong my chp hnh.
- Diode quang Silic c th lm vic -50 0C +80 0C.
- Diode quang gecmani c th lm vic 50 0C +40 0C.
3.3 TRANSISTOR QUANG:
1.Cu to:
a s
E
B
C
N
P
N
Hnh 3a
Hnh 3a: trnh by s nguyn l ca transistor quang. Ba lp n-p-n to nn 2
tip gip p-n . Mt trong nhng lp ngoi c kch thc nh quang thng c
th chiu vo gia lp nn. Lp nn ny mng a lp hp th lng t
quang n gn tip gip p-n.
C
B
E
Mch tng ng
K hiu
2.Nguyn l:
Trong transistor quang ch c th lm vic ch bin i quang in (c
in p ngoi t vo ). Tr s in p ny khang 3V n 5V.
Xt hnh 3a: Mi ni BC c phn cc ngc lm vic nh mt diode quang.
Khi c quang thng chiu vo n to ra dng in dng lm tc ng transistor,
dn n dng Ic tng ln nhiu ln so vi dng diode quang.
Dng Ic c tnh nh sau:
Ic = ( Ip + Ib )( hfe + 1)
hfe : li DC.
Ip : dng quang in khi c nh sng chiu vo mi ni BC.
Ib : dng cc B khi c phn cc ngoi.
Khi cc B c phn cc bn ngoi. li b thay i v tr khng vo ca
transistor c tnh:
Zin = Rin + hfe
Dng r : Iceo = hfe + Icbo
Icbo : dng r cc BC
li cng cao p ng cng nhanh.
3. c tuyn:
Sau y gii thiu mt th nh tnh ca quang transistor MRD 300.
IF( %)
100
50
4.ng dng:
Do transistor quang c nhy ln hn diode quang, nn phm vi ng dng
ca n rng ri hn.
1
ng dng trong vic ng ngt mch, iu khin t ng trong cng nghip
Trong nhng mch in cm bin quang cn nhy cao.
in p qui
3.4 LED THU:
nh
1.Cu to:
5V
0.5M
10K
2
3
2.Nguyn l:
Gi s cc iu kin phn cc cho IC hon chnh, khi IC nhn tn hiu
iu khin t diode pht quang, mch khuch i Op-Amp ca IC s bin i
dng in thu c t diode ra in p (in p ny c khuch i). Tn hiu
in p c a n Smith trigger to xung vung, xung ny c nhim v
khch transistor ng ra hat ng, lc ng ra ti chn s 2 ca IC mc thp,
tn hiu ng ra tc ng mc 0, c th c dng iu khin gin tip mt ti
no .
Khi ngn nh sng chiu vo th ngc li transistor khng hat ng dn n
chn s 2 ln mc cao .
IV. S KHI H THNG IU KHIN T XA DNG TIA HNG
NGOI:
1. My pht:
Pht lnh
iu khin
M
ha
iu
ch
Dao ng to
sng mang
Khuch
i
S khi my pht
Gii thch s s khi my pht:
My pht c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin, m ha v pht tn hiu n
my thu, lnh truyn i c iu ch.
Khi pht lnh iu khin:
khi ny c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin t nt nhn (phm iu khin).
Khi mt phm c n tc l mt lnh c to ra . Cc nt n ny c th l
mt nt ( mch iu khin n gin), hay mt ma trn nt ( mch iu khin
chc nng). Ma trn phm c b tr theo ct v hng. Lnh iu khin c a
n b m ha di dng cc bit nh phn tng ng vi tng phm iu khin.
Khi m ha:
truyn cc tn hiu khc nhau n my thu m chng khng ln ln nhau, ta
phi tin hnh m ha cc tn hiu (lnh iu khin). Khi m ha ny c nhim
v bin i cc lnh iu khin thnh cc bit nh phn, hin tng bin i ny
gi l m ha. C nhiu phng php m ha khc nhau:
; iu ch bin xung.
; iu ch v tr xung.
; iu ch rng xung.
; iu ch m xung.
Trong k thut iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngai, phng php iu ch m
xung thng c s dng nhiu hn c, v phng php ny tng i n gin,
d thc hin.
Khi dao ng to sng mang:
Khi ny c nhim v to ra sng mang tn s n nh, sng mang ny s
mang tn hiu iu khin khi truyn ra mi trng.
Khi iu ch:
Khi ny c nhim v kt hp tn hiu iu khin m ha sng mang
a n khi khuch i.
Khi khuch i:
Khuch i tn hiu ln LED pht hng ngoi pht tn hiu ra mi
trng.
LED pht:
bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu hng ngoi pht ra mi trng.
2.My thu:
Khuch
Tch
Gii m
Cht
sng
i
Mch chp
Khuch i
S khi my thu
hnh
Gii thch s khi my thu:
Chc nng ca my thu l thu c tn hiu iu khin t my pht, loi b
sng mang, gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh ring bit, t mi lnh s
a n khi chp hnh c th.
LED thu :
Thu tn hiu hng ngoi do my pht truyn ti v bin i thnh tn hiu iu
khin.
Khi khuch i:
C nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu khin ln ln t t, LED thu hng ngoi
qu trnh x l tn hiu c d dng.
Khi tch sng mang :
Khi ny c chc nng trit tiu sng mang, ch gi li tn hiu iu khin nh
tn hiu gi i t my pht.
Khi gii m:
Nhim v ca khi ny l gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh iu khin
di dng cc bit nh phn hay cc dng khc a n khi chp hnh c th.
Do nhim v ca khi ny rt quan trng.
Khi cht:
C nhim v gi nguyn trng thi tc ng khi tn hiu iu khin khng cn,
iu ny c ngha l khi pht lnh iu khin ta ch tc ng vo phm n 1 ln,
trng thi mch ch thay i khi ta ch tc ng vo nt khc thc hin iu khin
lnh khc.
Khi khuch i:
Antenna
Pht lnh
iu khin
ha
Khuch i
cao tn
iu
ch
Dao ng
S khi my pht
Gii thch s cao
khi:tn
Khi pht lnh iu khin: Dng cc phm pht lnh iu khin theo
phng thc ma trn phm hay tng phm n ring l.
Khi m ha: Bin i sng dao ng in c to ra t bn phm lnh
thnh sng in c tn s c trng cho lnh iu khin tng ng.
Khi dao ng cao tn: To dao ng bn trong my pht, c nhim v lm
sng mang chuyn ch tn hiu iu khin trong khng gian.
2. S khi my thu:
Khuch
i cao
tn
Dao ng
ni
Trn
Tch
sng
tn
Thit
Gii
m
Lnh
iu
khin
b
S khi my thu
Gii thch s khi my thu:
Khi khuch i cao tn: khuch i bin tn hiu cao tn thu c t
Antena b li nng lng ca sng in t tiu hao khi lan truyn trong mi
trng.
Khidao ng ni: l dao ng cao tn hnh sin bin i nng lng dao
ng mt chiu thnh xoay chiu c tn s yu cu. Khi dao ng ni l dao
ng t kch c tn s n nh cao.
Khi trn tn: bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn chung, vi
tn s ny vic thit k mch cng nh n nh tr nn d dng hn. Khi trn
tn cn c nhim v khuch i bin tn hiu trung tn chung.
Khi tch sng: c nhim v trit tiu sng mang cao tn, phc hi li tn
hiu iu khin.
Khi gii m: nhn bit tn hiu va pht i pht ra lnh tc ng ng
thit b cn iu khin.
Khi lnh iu khin: gm cc mch ng lc, ng ngt ngun cho thit
b, hay iu khin chc nng thit b t trc.
Qua thc nghim cho thy, sng in t c th bc x v lan truyn trong
mi trng th tn s dao ng in thch hp l ln hn 100 kHz. Ngoi ra vn
phi hp tr khng gia cc tn trong my pht, gia antena v tn cng sut
pht l rt quan trng trong vic nng cao khong cch pht sng.
V Antena thu c c tnh cng hng vi tn s pht nn kch thc antena
c quan h cht ch vi bc sng pht. i vi antena Sut (whip anten) chiu di
ca antena xp x vi , , , 3/2 , v l bc sng my pht.
Tm thu-pht ca h thng cn ph thuc vo a hnh, cao ca antena v
nhy ca thit b.
3.Phn knh iu khin t xa bng v tuyn nhiu chc nng:
Phn knh :
iu khin nhiu chc nng ca mt thit b iu khin t xa, my thu
phi s dng ma trn phm, mi phm c iu ch vi mt tn hiu ring bit
(c m ha) khi my thu ti to li tn hiu v thc hin vic iu khin thit
B chn
knh
Dao ng
to xung
iu khin
Dao ng
iu ch
cao tn
Khuch i
cao tn
S MY PHT NHIU KNH
Antena
Thu v
khuch
i cao
tn
Tch
sng
B tch
knh 1
iu
khin 1
B tch
knh 2
iu
khin 2
B
iu
tch
khin n
S KHI MY THU
NHIU
knh
n KNH
VI. SO SNH PHNH PHP IU KHIN T XA DNG TIA HNG
NGOI V V TUYN:
A. u v khuyt im ca tng phng php:
1. Phng php iu khin t xa dng sng v tuyn:
a. u im:
- Truyn t tn hiu vi khong cch xa.
- Khng b nh hng nhiu i vi vt cn.
-Tm pht rng nhiu hng khc nhau nn c th iu khin cng mt lc
i vi thit b nhn knh ng thi.
b. Khuyt im:
- Khi pht hay thu u cn c Anten.
- Lm cho khng gian b bo ha, gy nhiu v tyn
- Hay b nh hng nhiu gy mo dng hoc sai tn hiu nn khng iu
khin c.
- trnh nh hng cc tn s pht sng chuyn nghip nn phi tun
theo qui nh ca bu in (theo tiu chun FCC phi pht sng nm trong dy
tn nghip d). Do , vn dn knh theo phng php phn ng th tn s
b gii hn v dy tn ny rt hp, do vy khng th no iu khin c nhiu
knh.
- V tuyn b nhiu nn h thng m ha phc tp hn.
- Tnh kh thi thp v nhiu linh kin, ti liu v thit b o trong iu kin
ngi lm ti.
2 . Phng php iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngoi:
a. u im:
- Khng dy dn.
- Led pht v thu nh, gn d thit k lp t v c tin cy cao.
- p cung cp thp, cng sut tiu tn nh.
- iu khin c nhiu thit b.
- Tnh kh thi cao, linh kin d tm thy v thi cng d.
b. Khuyt im:
- Tm xa b hn ch.
- Dng in cao tc thi.
- Nhiu hng ngi do cc ngun nhit xung quanh ta pht ra, nn gy nh
hng v hn ch tm pht. Do ch dng trong phng, kho hoc ni c nhit
mi trng nh hng thp.
- Hn ch khi b vt cn nn khng th pht xa c.
hng ngoi gip cho ta va i li t do trong phng ca mnh va nghe nhc, tin
tc m khng nh hng ti ngi khc.
S mch pht:
J
9
1
V
C 3
2 2 0
1 0
0 n
T 1
B S
1 7 0
P
1 0 0
8 2
T 2
B C
R 1
1 0 0 K
4 7 B
R 3
6 . 8
J 2
0 V
Trong :
D1, D2, D3 : LD271
T1
: BS170
T2
: BS 547B
R1: 100k , R2: 80k , R3 = 6 8
P1: Bin tr 100k .
C1 = 100n, C2 = 220 F, 16V.
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch:
Ba LED hng ngoi c cp in vi MOSFET T1. Dng in ny c th
chnh c nh bin tr P1. Tn hiu m thanh n C1 phn mt chiu c gi
li, phn xoay chiu n cc n ca T1 v lm bin iu dng in qua cc led
hng ngoi. Cng nh sng hng ngoi pht i do b bin iu (AM). T2
v R3 hn ch dng in qua mosfet T1 lm hng LED khi cng c in th qu
ln. Dng in b hng ch nh hn 100mA. Transistor BS170 c th lm vic vi
dng in qua cc mng n 500mA v c cng sut tiu tn 730mW, t C2 l t
lc ngun:
S mch thu:
K 1
R 3
5 6 0
C
C 1
4 7
D
P
3
J
1
H
T O
I O
E
2 2
0
P
1 0
B T 1
9 V
R
R 1
4 7 0
K
11
8 2
0 0
T 2
M O
0 K
T E
1 .
C
1
1
0 0
7G .
1 0
0 p
1 0
*
k
1 1 1 F
0 0
G
1
V
1 k
T 9 0
0 2
G B
6 V
P
3
2
1
. 0
1C
3
1
I C
M
C
Q
D
R
1
S 2 - 4 0 Q 9 V 1T5
2
7
I S
6
1
C
4
R
C
4
3
7
I N
7 8 0 5
G N D
A C
2 2 0 V
1 5 :5 5
Nguyn l hat ng
Khi nhn tia hng ngoi t mch pht LED hat ng, in p ri trn led
nh, khng phn cc cho transistor VT1, VT1 trng thi ngt. Lc , chn
s 2 ca IC1 s mc cao, u ra chn s 3 mc in thp, role k khng ht,
van in t DF ng. Khi dng tay che tia hng ngoi pht ra t GH, bng thu
FTS4091 khng c tn hiu, dng vo Transistor ln lm cho transistor dn bo
WG0623
35
32
S chn
13 14
K
Chc nng
26 27
hiu
1,9,37,51,52
2
3
NC
FR
V0
4
5
6
8
7,10,13,14,16
,20,23,33,45,
46,47,48
11
V00
XIN
XOUT
RET
GND
S+
20
27
27
Cha ni
u ra tn hiu iu khin xa
Ngun in bn trong ni
song song vi chn s 4
Ngun in
u vo mch dao ng ni
u ra mch dao ng ni
u vo hn thng phc v
Ni t
d 0d
1 4
E
E
1 3
1 2
N Q
1 1
a o
a 1
2
R T
Q
3
Q N
e xR t / C Re xe ts e t
1 0
e x R t e R x / t C Ee Nx tE a a1 oT
N V1
s s
Mch pht ra tia hng ngoi c tn s khong 10kHz, xung ra dng vung, c
dng trung bnh khong 50mA.
5
4
6
8
1
I C
3
R
0 k
C
2
2
. 2 n
A S T
A S T
- T
2 + T
R E T
2
9
R
R
X
S
0 4
R
1
R 3
4 . 7
1
2
. 2
1
C
Q 1
2 N
5
. 5
M
R
7
. 7 K
C 4
1 0 n
R
1
. 5
R
4
9
. 7
C
/ O
B T 1
9 V
Q ?
2 N
R
1
L
6
C 7
1 U
3
S
. 7
Q
2
S
O
K
C
1
C
Q 2
2 S A
1 0
D 0
L E D
R 6
2 2 0
. 7
R 2
5 6
4
R
C 2
D 1 01 n
S mch thu :
C
1
Trong :
R1 : 12K
;R2 : 1,2M ;R3: 4,7K ;R4 : 1K ;R5 : 1,5M
R6 : 220
;R7 : 4,7K ;R8 : 1,5M ;R9 : 4,7K ;C1 : 100 F
C2 : 10 F ;C3 : 4,7 F ;C4 : 14 F ;C5 : 100 F ;C6 : 4,7 F ;C7 : 1 F
Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 : 2SC1015
Nguyn l hat ng:
Sau khi nhn nt ON/OFF th mch pht hat ng. Led hng ngoi pht ra
tia hng ngoi. mch thu, led thu tip nhn ri t gii iu ch ly tn hiu
xung 10kHz a n Q1, Q2, Q3 lm cho Q1 khng hat ng c, Q4 hot
ng lm cho role Y1 ht. Ngc li khng nhn nt ON/OFF th rle Y1 khng
ht. T rle Y1 ta c th a n iu khin mt thit b in no .
S pht:
6
. . 9 V
R 2
1 0 K
1 0C K 1
1 0 0
Q
R 3
1 0 K
C
R 4
1 0
R 5
4 7 K
0 0 n
Q
N
2
P
Q
N
3
P
S mch thu:
Tng t nh my thu phn 4, ta ch thay i li cch mc phn Q4
nh sau:
9 V
R 5
4 7 K
2
Q
N
1 0
N
C 3
2 2 0
0 n
D
3
P
C 2
4 7 0 n
CHNG IV
THIT K MCH
A. IC LOGIC CMOS:
1.i cng :
CMOS c vit tt t Complementary-Metall-Oxide-Silicon. u tin
CMOS c nghin cu s dng trong k thut hng khng v tr. Vi cc c
tnh nh khng b ph thuc vo li in, min nhiu Ngy nay CMOS c
s dng rng ri trong li in cng nghip, in t, y khoa, k thut xe hi v
c trong k thut my tnh in t.
- CMOS c cc c tnh quan trng:
- Cng sut tiu tn b: 0,25 nW per gate (static)
- in p lm vic t 3V n 15V, max 18V.
- CMOS chng nhiu tt.
- Khang nhit lm vic:
Thng mi: -40 0C n 85 0C
Qun s : -55 0C n 125 0C
- DC fan out > 50.
2.in p:
CMOS c th hat ng t 3V n 5V. Tuy nhin vi in p nh hn 4,5V
thi gian tr s gia tng (vn tc lm vic s chm li), tng tr ra cng cao hn
v ng thi tnh chng nhiu cng gim. Vi nhng in p ln hn 15V cng
c nhng bt li.
- Cng sut tiu tn lc CMOS hat ng cng tng cao.
- Vi nhng xung nhiu t ngun vt qu in p nh thng (20V), to ra
hiu ng SCR-latch-up v lm hng IC nu dng khng c hn ch t bn
ngoi.
3.Thi gian tr:
in p cng cao th CMOS hat ng cng nhanh. Thi gian tr gia tng vi
nhit v ti in dung.
4.Tnh min nhiu :
CMOS chng nhiu rt tt, thng 4,5% in p cp t 2,25V vi in p
5V v 4,5V cho in p 10V. Thi gian tr bin mt sau mt chui cc cng
CMOS, sau mt chui cc cng TTL th c khuch i. V tnh cht c bit
ny CMOS c dng thit k trong cc mch in ca cc thit b cng
nghip phi hat ng trong mt mi trng y nhiu v in t.
Vi in p cp 5V CMOS vn hat ng bnh thng vi s mt n nh ca
in p cp hay in p nhiu n 1V.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1
3
2
4
7
1 0
1
5
6
9
1 1
1 2
S bn trong:
14
CP0
13
CP1
5 Stage Johnson
counter
M
R
15
Q 59
12
3 2 4 7 10 1 5 6 9 11
Trong :
Q0
Q2 Q3
Q4ln
Q5mc
Q6 Q7
Q8 Q9
CP0 : xung ng h vo(kch Q1
t mc
thp
cao).
CP1 : xung ng h vo (kch t mc cao xung mc thp).
MR:Master reset.
Q0 Q9: cc ng ra gii m.
QN5-9 :ng ra nh (ch tc ng mc thp ).
Bng trng thi:
MR
H
L
L
L
L
L
L
CP0
X
H
L
X
H
CPN1
X
L
X
H
Operatoin
Q 0 = Q5 9 = H ; Q 1 Q 9 = L
Count
Count
No change
No change
No change
No change
CP1
MR
Q0
CPO
8
2
10
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q
13
F-F D
6
12
F-F D
3
4 8
11
10
CP2 CD2
Ng vo
CD CP D
L
X
X
H
X
X
H
X
X
Ng vo
CD CP
L
L
Ng ra
Q
QN
H
L
L
H
H
H
Ng ra
Qn+1 QNn+1
L
H
H
L
D
L
H
III. IC 4060:
Vi mch 4060 l b m, chia v dao ng, c 14 tng, bn trong mch kt ni
ba b dao ng ( RS , C TC , R TC ) , c 10 ng ra ( Q3 Q9, Q11 Q13). Mch dao
ng c th thit lp bng mch dao ng RC hoc thch anh. Mch dao ng ny
thay th cho xung ng h ti ng vo RS. B m c reset khi chn 12(MR)
mc cao. C 16 chn.
S chn:
R R S R c tC c t
V
D QD 9 Q 7 Q 8 M
1
I C
1
Q
4 0 6 0
4
1Q
1 Q2
1 Q3
8
5 Q
4 Q
6 Q
3 G
M R
1
R
C
t
C
1
3
2
1 0
d
0 K
R 2
2 . 2
X 1
C 1
3 7
C 2
1 0 0 p
Rl : in tr hn dng
IV. IC 74192:
Vi mch 74192 l b m BCD lp trnh c, n c kh nng m ln hoc
m xung. Khi u vo ti (Load-11) c t mc thp (L) th s 4 bit bt k
cc u vo D, C, B, A s c ti v b m. B m c xa v mc thp
khi u vo Clear (chn 11) c t mc cao. Cc u ra mn (Borrow-chn
13) v nh (Carry-chn 12) khi chuyn xung mc thp s ch trn xung di
(under-flow) hoc trn ln trn (Over-flow). Vi mch ny c kh nng m theo
s t trc.
Vi mch hat ng m ln khi chn Count down (chn 4) mc cao, xung
ng h a vo chn Count up (chn 5), mch m ln l m t s t trc
n s ln nht 1001, chn ti load c ti vo chn carry v chn clear c
ni vi mass.
Vi mch hat ng m xung khi chn Count up (5) mc cao, xung ng
h a vo chn Count down (4); mch m xung l m t s t trc n s
thp nht 0000, chn ti c ti vo chn borrow(13). IC c 16 chn.
S chn:
D
1
o r Cr o a w Lr r oy aP d 2
BL
PD 0 C
I C
1
P
9
7 4 1 9 2
S khi bn trong:
! Q
0C
15
14
8
d C
u Q
13
2 Q
12
3 G
11
10
P0 CL Borrow Carry
Load P2
P1
P3
Q1 Q0 Cd
Cu
1
Count up : m ln.
Count down : m xung.
Caarry :Chn nh.
Borrow :Chn mn.
Clear : Chn xa.
P0 P3: Chn t.
QA,QB,QC,QD:Cc ng ra.
V. IC 4002B:
Vi mch 4002B c cha 2 cng NOR, mi cng c 4 ng vo v mt ng ra.
C 14 chn, v nha kiu cm thng hng.
S chn v s bn trong:
V
D
4
D
1
1 0
5
4
1
3
2
5
4
1
3
2
7
G
D
0
0
Ng ra
Y
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
G
9 1 4 8
4
N X D TX
TK
8
1K
2K
3K
4K
Dao
ng
Phn
Tn
B Gii M
Duy tr / Pht
Sinh Tn Hiu
Khng Lin Tc
K1.4
K2.5
K3.6
K4.7
K5.8
K6.9
Mch in
15 Txout
ng B
u ra
Mch
in
Pht Sinh Tn
Pht Sinh Tn
Phm
Hiu Bit
Hiu Ching
Vo
Chn 4 n chn 9: (k1-k6) l an u vo tn hiu ca bn phm kiu ma trn.
Chn 10 n chn 12: T1 T3 kt hp vi cc chn k1 n k6 c th to thnh 18
10
11
12
13
phm.
T2m s,
T3dng m s truyn
CODE
Chn 13: (code) l uT1vo ca
ti v tip nhn.
Chn 14: (TCST) l u o th, bnh thng khi s dng c th b trng
Chn 15:(Txout ) l u ra tn hiu truyn ti tn hiu 12 bit thnh mt chu k, s
dng sng mang 38kHz iu ch.
Chn 16: (V00) l u dng ca ngun in ni vi in p mt chiu 2,2-5,5
V, in p lm vic bnh thng 3V.
Bn trong IC 9148 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mch in
u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m sto thnh. S khi logic bn trong
ca n c trnh by nh hnh 2.
Tham s ch yu ca SZ9148:
Bng 1 :
Mc Lc
K
iu Nh
hiu kin o nht
th
in
hnh
Ln
nht
n
v
2.2
5.0
1.0
mA
10
2.0
3.0
mc in
cao
mc in
thp
mc in
cao
VIH
tt c
chc
nng
thao tc
phm
thng
khng
ph ti
phm
m
khng
dao
ng
_
VIL
0.5
IIH
VIH = 3V
20
30
60
mc in
thp
dng mc in
Cod in
cao
e
u
mc in
Test
vo
thp
u
dng mc in
ra
in
cao
k14
u
mc in
k3
ra
thp
TXOU dng mc in
in
cao
T
u
mc in
ra
thp
in tr phn hi b dao ng
Cng sut dao ng
IIL
-1.0
1.0
-1.0
1.0
20
30
60
-500
-50
IOH
VIL =
0V
VIH =
3V
VIL =
0V
VOH =
2V
VOL =
3V
VOH = 2V
-0.1
mA
IOL
VOL = 2V
1.0
mA
R
fosc
_
-
_
400
500
455
_
600
K
KHZ
in p ngun in
VDD
IDD
Dng in lm vic
IDS
Dng in trng thi bo ha
u
vo
k14
k5
code
k24
k6
in
p
u
vo
dng
in
u
vo
IIH
IIL
IOH
IOL
Tham s cc hn ca IC SZ9148:
Bng 2:
Tham s
K hiu
in p ngun in
V00
u vo/ra in p
VIN
Cng sut tn hao
PD
Nhit lm vic
TOPP
Nhit ct gi
TSfg
Dng in u ra (Iout)
IOUT
Gi tr cc hn
6.0
VSS 3v ~ VDD+3V
200
-200~75
-55 ~125
-5
n v
V
V
MW
0
C
0
C
mA
2. Nguyn l hot ng :
Trong IC SZ9148 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng ni
b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch in dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s
ca b phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang
l 38 kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m
bo cng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn k1 n k6 v u
ra th t thi gian chn T1 n T3 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo kiu ma trn. Ti t1
su phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 63 trng thi tn hiu lin tc
a ra c trnh by hnh 3:
T1
T3
T2
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
(H)
(S1)
(S2)
Hnh 3
Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi
n vo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nu
nh cc phm cng hng ng thi c n xung th th t u tin ca n l K 1
> K2 > K3> K4 > K4> K5>K6 . Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mt
ng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1 >T2>T3.
Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C 1~C3 (code) l m s
ngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C 1, C2 phi
hp vi mch in IC thu SZ9150; t hp C2, C3 phi hp vi mch in IC thu
SZ9149. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 m khng dng trng thi
00.
Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh bng 3
C1
C2
C3
S1
S2
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D6
M phm u vo
M ngi dng
Ph
m
S H S
1
1 1 0
2 1 0
3 1 0
4 1 0
5 1 0
6 1 0
7 0 1
8 0 1
9 0 1
10 0 1
11 0 1
12 0 1
13 0 0
14 0 0
15 0 0
16 0 0
17 0 0
18 0 0
S liu
S D1
2
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
D
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
D D4 D5
3
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
u ra
D6
Hnh
thc
Lin tc
0
Lin tc
0
Lin tc
0
Lin tc
0
Lin tc
0
Lin tc
1
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
1 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
0 Khng lin tc
1 Khng lin tc
3a
Bit
0
Bit1
Hnh 4
Vic pht ra ca mi mt chu k theo th t ni tip C 1, C2, C3,H, S1, S2, D1,
D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 c tng chiu di c o 48a, trong a= chu k mt m.
Phng php tnh ca a l: a = (1/fosc) 192s. Khi n phm khng lin tc, u ra m
ch pht ra 2 chu k, khi n phm lin tc, u ra m s pht ra lin tc, gia 2
nhm dng li 280s nh hnh 5a, 5b, 5c trnh by.
Hnh 5
VII. MCH IC THU SZ9149 V SZ9150:
Hai IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, chng i cp vi IC
pht SZ9148 to thnh mt b IC thu-pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng
ngoi.
S chn:
D O D S C C o dC e o 1 dS eP 2S1 P S2 P
V
1
1
G
P S5 P
9 1 4 9
4
N R D x Hi n P H 1
3S
8
P H 2 P H3
P H4
D O D S C C o Cd e o 1Sd Pe S 21 P S 2 P S3 P S 4 P S 5 P S 6 P S 7 P
V
2
S
1
G
1 3
9 1 5 0
8
N R D x H i n P H 1 PH 2 P H 3 P H 4 P H 5 P C 6 P C 2 P S 1 P
1 2
1S 0P
Dao ng
B m S Lng
23
B Nh Dch
Hng u Vo
22
21
Kim Tra
M
B Nh
Dch Hng
Kim Tra S
Liu
Mch in Kha
o Kim
Tra Sai S
Mch Hm Xung
u Vo
FF
3 4
6 7
FF
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
HP1 HP2 HP3 HP4 HP5 HP6 CP2 CP1 SP10 SPSP9 S8 SP7 SP6 SP5 SP4 SP3 SP2
SP1
cng, b nh dch hng u vo, b phn kim tra s liu, b phn kim tra m,
mch m mch xung u vo, mch in kha c nh, mch in kim tra sai
st, b phn m u vo to thnh. S khi logic ca mch in bn trong
nh hnh7.
Tham s cc hn ca IC thu:
Bng 6
Tham s
K hiu
Gi tr cc hn
n v
in p ngun in
VDD
6
V
in p vo/ra
VIN/VOUT
V
VSS 0.3 VDD +
0.3
Cng sut tn hao
PD
200
mW
Nhit lm vic
TOPR
-20 75
C
Nhit ct gi
TSTG
-55 125
C
Tham s ch yu ca IC thu:
Bng 5:
Tham s
K iu kin o th Nh in Ln n
hiu
nht hnh nht v
in p ngun
VDD Ta = -20 75 C 4.5
5.5
V
Dng in lm
IDD u ra khng ph
1.0 MA
vic
ti
Tn s dao ng FOSC
27
57 KHz
Ta = -20 75 C,VDD4.5 5
.5
Tn s s dng
SOSC
38
KHZ
chun
Bin p ca tn s V
-5
5
%
VDD4.5 5.5
theo in p
fosc
Bin p ca tn s T Ta = -30 75 C -5
5
%
theo nhit
fosc
Dng Mc in IOH
o tt c u
-1.0 MA
in
cao
ra,Voh=4v
u ra Mc in IOL
o tt c u
1.0
MA
thp
ra,Vol=4v
Dng Mc in IIH
u
-1.0
1.0 A
in
cao
Code,VIH=5V
u
vo
in tr ko trn RUP
u code
10
20
40 K
in p ngng
VIN
u RXIN
2.0
2.5
3.0
V
ca mch in
u vo
rng ca di Vhys
RXIN
0.8
V
2. Nguyn l hot ng:
Hnh 8
Thi gian o kim tra tn hiu tip nhn ca mch in ny v ng h bo
gi hat ng bn trong u do mch in dao ng m nhn, lc dng ch cn
linh kin RC mc song song n t ti u dao ng OSC ca mch in SZ9149
v SZ9150 l c, nh hnh 9 trnh by.
Hnh 9
Hnh 10
Hnh 11
Sau khi SZ9149, SZ9150 tin hnh kim tra chnh xc mch xung thu 12
bit, th u ra tng ng to thnh mt mch xung dng rng khang 107ms, l
mch xung n, nh hnh 12 sau:
Hnh 12
Sau khi thu tn hiu lin tc, ng thi vi vic to ra mch xung kha th
1, u vo tng ng to ra mc in cao, cho n khi mch xung kha sau cng
kt thc 160ms th li tr li mc in thp. Khi thao tc nhiu phm cc u HP
tng ng c th song song ng thi a ra cc xung lin tc, l u ra mch
xung lin tc, minh ha nh hnh 13:
Phm n
12bit12bit
12bit 12bit
Tn hiu lin
tc
Thng
kha
u ra duy
tr
160ms
Hnh 13
Nu nh mi khi nhn c tn hiu pht khng lin tc, mc in u CP
tng ng chuyn i mt ln, lai mch xung chu k ny(hai trng thi n nh)
thng dng trong ngun chuyn mch dng cho iu khin thit b in, mch
in lm cm tp m Dng sng hat ng ca n nh hnh 14:
Hnh 14
Phm ca b phn pht xa v m s phm gia u ra ca SZ9150 quan
h vi nhau nh bng 8 sau:
S
phm
1
S liu
K2 K3
0
0
H S1
1 0
S2
0
K1
1
K4
0
K5
0
K6
0
Chc nng
u ra
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
HP1
HP2
HP3
HP4
HP5
HP6
SP1
SP2
SP3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu
khng lin
tc
Tn hiu chu
k
Tn hiu chu
k
SP4
SP5
SP6
SP7
SP8
SP9
SP10
CP1
CP2
C. THIT K MCH:
I. S KHI MCH THU- PHT DNG TIA HNG NGOI:
Nguyn l chung:
Mt Remote controller gm 2 khi: khi pht v khi thu. Khi thu da theo
mi nt nhn chc nng s to ra mt tn hiu iu khin v pht i bi LED hng
ngoi. Cc tn hiu ny c phn bit vi nhau bi s xung c pht i.
A. S KHI MCH PHT:
Bn
Phm
Khi To
Xung n n
Gii Hn
Rng Xung
Khi Dao ng
To Sng Mang
Khi Dao
Chun
Khi
Pht
AND2
AND1
AND3
Gii thch s :
Bn phm:
c t chc di dng ma trn phm, mi phm thc hin mt chc nng
ring. Bt k phm no trn bn phm c nhn u thc hin 2 nhim v: th
nht l to xung kch, kch khi to xung n n hat ng; th hai l to ra m
tng ng l nhng bit nh phn da vo khi gii hn rng xung.
Khi to xung n n:
Khi nhn c xung kch thch mch n n to ra mt xung dng c thi
hng l T. rng T ty thuc vo tr s c th ca linh kin trong mch.
Nhim v chnh ca khi n n trong mch l to ra mt rng xung
dng T duy nht.
TIMER
R
u Thu
n n
Nhn Dng Tn
Hiu iu Khin
Mch Cht
Gii M Chn
Chc Nng
Nhn Chc
Nng ON/OFF
u thu:
Dng photodiode nhn dng hng ngoi, sau i tn hiu hng ngoi
thnh tn hiu in. ng thi vi vic i tn hiu hng ngoi, tn hiu iu khin
cng c tch ra khi tn hiu sng mang, a n v ng dng ca xung iu
khin .
Mch n n:
Mch ny ch hat ng khi c tn hiu thu t mch pht. Tn hiu thu c dng
xung vung, nn cn c mch lc to ra gai nhn kch cho n hat ng. Ng ra
ca khi ny c dng xung vung, xung ny iu khin mch m v mch cht.
Mch nhn dng tn hiu:
C1
C3
1
1
1
Vy mch thu SZ9150 hai chn code C 1, C2 ta ln lt ni vi 2 t xung
mass.
Tng ng vi IC SZ9148 kt ni T1 vi code thng qua D1 to ra C1
mc [1].
T2 vi code thng qua D2 to C2 mc [1] v T3 vi code thng qua D3
to C3 mc [1].
Nhng trong mch thi cng n gin bt v ph hp vi iu kin ca bn
thn, em ch thi cng mch s dng 4 phm chc nng. Do , em chn IC phi
hp vi IC SZ9148 l IC SZ9149, v chn m ngi dng l:
C1
C2 C3
1
1
0
Vy C2 (13) ca IC SZ9149 ni vi t to ra mc [1], chn C3 (14) ca IC
SZ9149 ni trc tip xung mass to ra mc [0].
Tng ng bn IC pht SZ9148:
- T1 ni vi code qua diode D1 to ra C1=[1].
- T2 ni vi code qua diode D2 to ra C2=[1].
- T3 khng ni nn C3=[0].
B dao ng to tn s sng mang:
Do cu to bn trong ca IC pht SZ 9148 c sn mt cng o dng
phi hp vi cc linh kin bn ngoi bng thch anh hoc mch LC to thnh
mch dao ng.
S ca mch nh sau:
1
C2
2
1
R
Y
T A
C
C
L 1
C
B khuch i:
cng bc x nh sng ra mi trng cng mnh th dng qua led pht
phi ln. Do , tn hiu sau khi c x l s cho qua b khuch i, khuch
i tn hiu ln nh ta mong mun.
B khuch i c th dng nhiu loi, loi dng IC Op-amp, loi dng
transistor. Khi s dng transistor c th dng 1 transistor hay nhiu transistor.
n gin trong khi rp mch v gim chi ph nn chn mch khuch i gi
darlington.
C s nh sau:
V
I b
1
Q
ILED = 1. 2.IB
V em chn Transistor T1 l 2SC1815 ;T2 l 2SA 1015
VCC
IN
OUT
C
D
C
R
4
Ng vo
S
R
L K
Q
I S
T O LR E
4 0
1 3
Ng ra
Ng ra
Q
D
Qn+1
QNn+1
QN
H
L
H
L
L
L
H
L
H
L
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
Nguyn l hat ng:
Bnh thng cha c xung clock th Q=[0] suy ra QN=[1]. Do , d liu ch
sn chn D (data) l [1] hn na theo bng trng thi th ta ni S=[0], R=[1] th
d nhin Q=[0].
Khi ta nhn bt k 1 phm bn phn pht s to ra chui xung tc ng n
phn thu sau khi gii m, phc hi tn hiu tc ng n xung clock (chn 3), lc
ny mch cht hat ng, d liu (data) c np vo ng ra Q thay i trng thi
ln mc [1] th QN=[0] LED sng ch th mch cht hat ng, lc ny th d
liu ch sn chn 5 khng cn mc [1] na m l mc [0] . Khi ta nhn tip
phm trn mt ln na th chn 3 nhn c xung tc ng , tng t d liu
mc [0] c np vo cht Q thay i trng thi tr v mc [0] tng ng QN ln
mc [1], lc ny, d liu ch sn li ln mc [1]. Nu ta tip tc nhn phm th
qa trnh lp li tng t.
B ng ngt dng transistor:
ng ngt cc mch in t, ngi ta dng cc kha m in t. Cc
kha ny c 2 trng thi phn bit, trng thi ng (cn gi l trng thi dn) khi
in tr gia 2 cc ca kha rt nh; v trng thi ngt (cn gi l trng thi tt)
khi in tr ca kha rt ln, coi nh h mch. Vic chuyn i kha t trng thi
Hnh a
IB
VCC/
Rc
Ics
Vce
s
VC
C
VC
E
VBE
Hnh b
Hnh c
VF: in p m.
Ics: dng Ic bo ha.
VCES : in p bo ha.
Mun cho transistor T1 nm trng thi ngt th in p UBE ca chuyn
tip JE phi nh hn in p ngng VF.
VBE< VF
Do phi tha mn iu kin :
VI +ICBO x R < VF
(IBCO :Dng r ) .
Transistor T1 lm vic trng thi dn khi VI tc ng xung dng, lc
ny ty theo dng ng vo IB m transistor dn c th lm vic vng khuch i
hoc vng bo ha.
Trong mch khuch i: chuyn tip JE phn cc thun, chuyn tip Jc phn
cc nghch. Dng IB c gi tr dng v tha mn cc h thc sau.
IC = IB + ICEO
IE = IB + IC
( )
L A
VCC =12v
VI = 5v
VI = IBRB +VBE suy ra: IB = (VI -VBE )/RB
iu kin transistor dn bo ha:
IB ICmax / sat IC sat / sat v sat =20 25
VCC/RB (VCC -VCesat )/( sat Rreley)
sat Rreley RB
Chn = 20
Rreley =400
RB =3,3 K
THIT K MCH HN GI:
Mc ch yu cu: mch hn gi thit k 4 cp hn gi. Cp th nht mch
hn 15 pht, cp th hai mch hn 30 pht, cp th ba hn 60 pht, cp th 4 hn
120 pht.
Mch to xung c chu k 15 pht:
Xung c chu k 15 pht dng lm xung clock cung cp cho mch m
c s t trc (IC 74192) hot ng.
Ta c:
T=15 pht = 900 giy
Suy ra
f = 1/T =1/900 = 0,00111 Hz
Do vy ta cn phi c mt mch dao ng ring, sau cho qua b chia
c c tn s theo yu cu l : f=0,00111Hz.
Mch dao ng c th dng thch anh. B chia th c nhiu loi, c th
dng IC 4020 , IC 4040 hay IC 4060 . . . y em chn IC 4060 bi bn trong
1
3
t
C
4 0 6 0
T A
CL
R
C
12
CO
15
RST
13
14
ENA
CLK
11
9
6
5
1
10
7
4
2
3
Q9
Q8
Q7
Q6
Q5
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0
P3
P2
P1
P0
1
4017
1 5
1 3
1 4
E
C
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
S TQ
Q
N AQ
L KQ
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2
1 1
9
6
5
1
1 0
7
4
2
3
2
1 4
1 1
4
5
9
1 0
1
1 5
D
C
B
A
7
4
C L R
L O A D
D N B O
U P C O
Q
Q
Q
Q
1 3
1 2
D
C
B
A
7
6
2
3
2
3
1
4
5
KT LUN
ti iu khin qut t xa bng tia hng ngoi tuy khng l mt ti
mi m v cng khng phi l mt ti ln, nhng qua phn nh c s
vn dng cc kin thc hc mt cch khoa hc, tinh thn lm vic nghim tc,
s tm ti hc hi, nghin cu cc kin thc mi ca em, cng vi s gip v
ch dy tn tnh ca thy NGUYN PHNG QUANG v cc thy c trong
khoa in-in t.
Do thi gian lm lun n c hn nn ti ca em cn c mt s hn ch,
nu c iu kin th t y c th pht trin thm hng thit k mch c nhiu
tnh nng hn, hiu qa hn, ti u hn.
Nhn chung mch c thit k c chnh xc, tnh n nh cao, chng
nhiu tt v c th c ng dng iu khin cc thit b khc trong sinh
hot.
Sau mt thi gian lm lun n. Em rt ra c rt nhiu kinh nghim
cho bn thn, cng l nh vo s ch dy nhit tnh ca cc thy c v s gp
ca cc bn.
Sau cng mt ln na em xin chn thnh by t lng bit n ca mnh i
vi thy NGUYN PHNG QUANG v thy c trong khoa gip em
hon thnh cun lun n ny. Xin cm n s gip ca cc bn gn xa trong
thi gian thc hin n.
TP.H Ch Minh
Thng 02 nm 2000
HUNH NGC DNG