Tai Lieu On Tap Tot NghiepToan 2012

On tap Tot nghiep
- 1 -
Phn Phn Phn Phn I II I. KHO ST . KHO ST . KHO ST . KHO ST HM S HM S HM S HM S V BI TON LIN QUAN V BI TON LIN QUAN V BI TON LIN QUAN V BI TON LIN QUAN

1. Hm s bc ba, hm s trng phng v cc vn lin quan
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
Tp xc nh: D =
C Tnh y

C Cho 0 y
= tm cc nghim
0
x (nu c).
Tnh hai gii hn: lim ; lim
x x
y y

C V bng bin thin ca hm s.
C Nu s ng bin, nghch bin v cc tr (nu c) ca hm s.
C Tm im un (i vi hm s bc ba).
Lp bng gi tr.
V th hm s v nu nhn xt.

3 2
( 0) y ax bx cx d a = + + +
S nghim ca phng
trnh 0 y
=
0 a 0 a <
0 y
= c 2 nghim phn
bit

0 y
= c nghim kp

0 y
= v nghim

th hm s bc ba lun i xng qua im un

Ti liu tham kho - 2 - n tp tt nghip mn Ton
4 2
( 0) y ax bx c a = + +
S nghim ca phng
trnh 0 y
=
0 a 0 a <
0 y
= c 3 nghim phn
bit

0 y
= c 1 nghim duy
nht

th hm s trng phng lun i xng qua trc tung
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (dng 1 bit to tip im M
0
)
Ch r
0
x v
0
y (honh & tung ca im M
0
)
C Tnh
0
( ) f x

C Cng thc:
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x
=
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (dng 2 bit trc h s gc k)
Lp lun c c
0
( ) f x k
= (*)
C Thay
0
( ) y x
vo (*) tm
0
x
C C
0
x , tm
0
y v dng cng thc
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x
=
Lu : Tip tuyn song song vi y ax b = c h s gc k = a
Tip tuyn vung gc vi ( 0) y ax b a = c h s
gc
1
a
k =
d) Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh bng th (C ):y = f(x)
a phng trnh v dng: ( ) ( ) f x BT m =
C Lp lun: s nghim ca phng trnh cho bng vi s giao
im ca th ( ) : ( ) C y f x = v ng thng : ( ) d y BT m = .
C V 2 ng ln cng 1 h trc to v lp bng kt qu

Dng Phc Sang - 3 - THPT Chu Vn An

Lu : nu bi ton ch yu cu tm cc gi tr ca m phng
trnh c ng 3 nghim, 4 nghim, ta khng cn lp bng kt
qu nh trn m ch cn ch r cc trng hp tho .
e) S tng giao gia th (C ):y = f(x) v ng thng d: y = ax + b
Lp phng trnh honh giao im ca ( ) C v d:
( ) f x ax b = (*)
C Lp lun: s giao im ca ( ) C v d bng vi s nghim ca (*)
C m s nghim ca (*) suy ra s giao im ca ( ) C v d
V D MINH HO
Bi 1 : Cho hm s
3 2
6 9 1 y x x x =
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) C ca hm s.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi
trc tung.
c) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh sau y c
nghim duy nht:
3 2
6 9 0 x x x m =
Bi gii
Cu a: Hm s
3 2
6 9 1 y x x x = Tp xc nh: D = R
o hm:
2
3 12 9 y x x
=
Cho
2
0 3 12 9 0 1 y x x x
= = = hoc 3 x =
Gii hn: lim ; lim
x x
y y

= =
Hm s ng bin trn cc khong (;1) v (3;+)
Hm s nghch bin trn khong (1;3)
th hm s c im cc i (1; 5) D , im cc tiu (3;1) T
Cho 6 12. 0 2 3 y x y x y

= = = = . im un (2; 3) I

Bng bin thin:
(ch : do a > 0)
x 1 3
y
+ 0 0 +
y
5 +
1
m BT(m) S giao im S nghim pt
. .

Bng gi tr: x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 5 3 1 5
th hm s l mt ng cong i xng
qua im (2; 3) I nh hnh v bn y:
Cu b: Cho 0 (0) 1 x y = = .
Giao im ca ( ) C vi trc tung l: (0;1) A
(0) 9 f

=
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti A l:
1 9( 0) 9 1 y x y x = =
Cu c: Ta c,
3 2 3 2
6 9 0 6 9 x x x m x x x m = =

3 2
6 9 1 1 x x x m = (*)
Phng trnh (*) c nghim duy nht khi v ch khi th ( ) C v
ng thng : 1 d y m = ct nhau ti 1 im duy nht
1 5 4
1 1 0
m m
m m

<

<

Bi 2 : Cho hm s
2 3
3 2 y x x =
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti cc giao im ca ( ) C
vi trc honh.
c) Bin lun theo a s nghim phng trnh:
3 2
4 6 3 0 x x a =
Bi gii
Cu a: Hm s
2 3
3 2 y x x = Tp xc nh: D =
o hm:
2
6 6 y x x
=
Cho
2
0 6 6 0 0 y x x x
= = = hoc 1 x =
Gii hn: lim ; lim
x x
y y

= =
Hm s ng bin trn khong (0;1)
Bng bin thin:
(ch : do a < 0)
x 0 1
y
0 + 0
y
+ 1
0
- 5 -
Hm s nghch bin trn cc khong ( ; 0) v (1; )
th hm s c im cc i (1;1) D , im cc tiu (0; 0) O
Cho
1 1
2 2
6 12 . 0 y x y x y

= = = = . im un
1 1
2 2
( ; ) I
Bng gi tr: x
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
2

y 1 0
1
2
1 0
th hm s l mt ng cong i xng
qua im
1 1
2 2
( ; ) I nh hnh v bn y:
Cu b: Cho
2 3
0 3 2 0 y x x = =
3
2
0 x
x

Giao im ca ( ) C vi trc honh l: (0; 0) O v
3
2
( ; 0) B
Ti (0; 0) O : (0) 0 f

= , phng trnh tip tuyn l: 0 y =
Ti
3
2
( ; 0) B :
3 9
2 2
( ) f

= , phng trnh tip tuyn l:
27 9 3 9
2 2 2 4
0 ( ) y x y x = =
Cu c: Ta c,
3 2 2 3 2 3
4 6 3 0 6 4 3 3 2 x x a x x a x x = =
3
2
a = (*)
S nghim phng trnh (*) bng vi s giao im ca th ( ) C
v ng thng
3
2
: d y a =
Do da vo th ( ) C v d ta c bng kt qu v s nghim
ca phng trnh cho sau y:
a
3
2
a
S giao im
ca ( ) C v d
S nghim ca
phng trnh (*)
2
3
a <
3
2
1 a
1 1
2
3
a =
3
2
1 a =
2 2
2
3
0 a < <
3
2
0 1 a < <
3 3
0 a =
3
2
0 a =
2 2
0 a
3
2
0 a <
1 1

Bi 3 : a) Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s
3 2
3 3
2
x x x
y

=
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C bit tip tuyn song
song vi ng thng
3
2
: y x =

c) Tm to cc giao im ca ( ) C vi ng thng
3
2
2 y x =

Bi gii
Cu a:
3 2
3 3
2
x x x
y

= Tp xc nh: D =
o hm
2
3 6 3
0,
2
x x
y x

= do hm s lun ng
bin trn v khng t cc tr.
Gii hn: lim ; lim
x x
y y

= =
Bng bin thin:

1
2
3 3 0 1 y x x y
= = = =
im un
1
2
( 1; ) I
Bng gi tr: x 3 2 1 0 1
y
9
2
1
1
2
0
7
2

th hm s l ng cong i xng qua im
1
2
( 1; ) I
Cu b: Tip tuyn ca ( ) C song song vi ng thng
3
2
: y x =
c h
s gc
3
0
2
( ) k f x
= =
2
0 0
3 6 3
2
x x
=
3
2
2 0
0 0
0
0
3 6 0
2
x
x x
x

Vi
0
0 x = th
0
(0) 0 y y = = , tip tuyn tng ng l
3 3
2 2
0 ( 0) y x y x = = (trng vi )

x 1
y
+ 0 +
y
+

1
2

Vi
0
2 x = th
0
( 2) 1 y y = = , tip tuyn tng ng l
3 3
2 2
1 ( 2) 2 y x y x = = (song song vi )
Vy, tip tuyn tho l
3
2
2 y x =
Cu c: Honh giao im (nu c) ca ( ) C v
3
2
2 y x =
l nghim
phng trnh
3 2
3 3
2
x x x
=
3 2
3
2 3 3 3 4
2
x x x x x =
3 2 2
1
3 4 0 ( 1)( 4 4) 0
2
x
x x x x x
x
= =

7
2
1 x y = = v 2 1 x y = =
Vy, ( ) C v
3
2
: 2 d y x = ct nhau ti 2 im:
( )
7
2
1; A v ( 2; 1) B
Bi 4 : a) Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s:
4 2
2 3 y x x =
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C
c honh x l nghim ca phng trnh ( ) 20 f x
=
c) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh sau y c nhiu
hn hai nghim:
4 2
2 0 x x m =
Bi gii
Cu a:Hm s
4 2
2 3 y x x = Tp xc nh: D =

3
4 4 y x x
= Cho
3
0 4 4 0 0; 1 y x x x x
= = = =
Gii hn: lim ; lim
x x
y y

= =
Bng bin thin:
x 1 0 1 +
y
0 + 0 0 +
y
+ 3 +
4 4
Hm s ng bin trn cc khong trn (1;0), (1;+) v nghch
bin trn cc khong (;1), (0;1).

th hm s c im cc i (0; 3) D
v hai im cc tiu
1 2
( 1; 4), (1; 4) T T
Bng gi tr:
x 2 1 0 1 2
y 3 4 3 4 3
th hm s l ng cong i xng
qua trc tung nh hnh v
Cu b:Ta c,
2 2 2
12 4 20 12 24 2 2 y x x x x
= = = = =
p s: 4 2 11 y x = v 4 2 11 y x = (hc sinh t gii)
Cu c:Ta c,
4 2 4 2
2 0 2 3 3 x x m x x m = = (*)
Phng trnh (*) c nhiu hn 2 nghim khi v ch khi ( ) C v
: 3 d y m = ct nhau ti nhiu hn 2 im (3 hoc 4 im)
3 3 0
0 1
3 4 1
m m
m
m m
' '
1 1

1 1
<
! !
1 1 <
1 1
1 1 + +

Bi 5 :a) Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s:
4 2
4 3 y x x =
b) Dng th ( ) C bin lun s nghim pt sau:
4 2
4 0 x x m =
Hng dn gii v p s
Cu a: HS t gii c c th:
Cu b: Bin i phng trnh ta c:

4 2 4 2
4 0 4 3 3 x x m x x m = =
T s nghim phng trnh cho bng
vi s giao im ca hai ng sau y
4 2
( ) : 4 3 C y x x = v : 3 d y m =
Da vo th hm s ta c bng kt qu v
s nghim ca phng trnh cho nh sau:
m m 3
S giao im
ca ( ) C v d
S nghim ca
phng trnh (*)
m > 4 m 3 > 1 0 0
m = 4 m 3 = 1 2 2
0 < m < 4 3 < m 3 < 1 4 4
m = 0 m 3 = 3 3 3
m < 0 m 3 < 3 2 2
- 9 -
BI TP V HM S BC BA V HM S TRNG PHNG
Bi 6 : Cho hm s
3
3 1 y x x = c th l ( ) C
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im thuc ( ) C c honh bng 2.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng 9.
d) Tm iu kin ca m phng trnh sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
3
3 1 2 0 x x m = .
Bi 7 : Cho hm s
3 2
1 3
2 2
2 y x x =
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C song song vi ng thng d:
9
2
2 y x =
c) Tm cc gi tr ca k phng trnh sau y c nghim duy
nht:
3 2
3 4 0 x x k =
Bi 8 : Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 1 y x x =
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi trc honh.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn song song vi : 12 1 d y x =
d) Bin lun theo m s nghim phng trnh:
3 2
2 3 2 0 x x m =
Bi 9 : Cho hm s
3 2
1 3 5
3 2 2
y x x = c th l ( ) C
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c honh x tho 1 y
=
c) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C v : 2 0 d y = .
d) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht
3 2
2 9 6 0
x x
e e m =
Bi 10 : Cho hm s
3 2
1
3
y x x =
b) Vit pttt ca ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c tung bng 0.
c) Vit pttt ca ( ) C song song vi ng thng 8 3 y x =
d) Tm cc gi tr ca a phng trnh sau y c nghim duy
nht:
3 2
3 log 0 x x a =

Bi 11 : Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 1 y x x = (*)
b) Tm to giao im ca ( ) C vi ng thng d: 1 y x =
c) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
3 2
4 6 1 0 x x m =
Bi 12 : Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x = , m l tham s.
b) Vit pttt ca ( ) C vung gc vi ng thng d:
1 1
3 3
y x =
c) Tm cc gi tr ca a ng thng 2 y ax = ct ( ) C ti ba
im phn bit.
Bi 13 : Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x = c th ( ) C
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti im A(0; 2)
c) Vit pttt ca ( ) C bit tip tuyn song song vi 9 4 4 0 x y =
d) Bin lun theo m s giao im ca ( ) C v : 2 d y mx =
Bi 14 : Cho hm s
3
4 3 1 y x x = , c th l ( ) C
b) Tm m phng trnh
3
4 3 1 x x m = c ng 3 nghim.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi trc honh.
d) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn vung gc vi
1
72
: d y x =
Bi 15 : Cho hm s
3 2
2 6 6 2 y x x x =
b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C , Ox , 1, 2 x x = =
Bi 16 : Cho hm s
2 2
(2 ) y x x =
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c honh bng 2
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng 24.
d) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim
4 2
2 0 x x m =
Bi 17 : Cho hm s
4 2
2 3 y x x =
b) Vit pttt ca ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c tung bng 5.
c) Tm iu kin ca m phng trnh sau y c ng 2 nghim:
4 2
2 3 2 0 x x m =
Bi 18 : Cho hm s
1
2
y =
4 2
3 x x
3
2
c th ( ) C .
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng 8.
c) Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim:
4 2
6 log 0 x x m =
Bi 19 : Cho hm s
2 2
(1 ) 6 y x = c th ( ) C
b) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh :
4 2
2 x x m =
c) Vit pttt ca ( ) C bit tip tuyn vung gc vi
1
24
: d y x =
Bi 20 : Cho hm s
1
4
y =
4 2
2 1 x x
b) Tm m phng trnh
4 2
8 4 x x m = c nhiu hn 2 nghim
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C
c honh l nghim ca phng trnh ( ) 10 y x
=
Bi 21 : Cho hm s
1
4
y =
4 2
2 x x
b) Vit pttt ca ( ) C song song vi
1
: 15 2012 d y x = .
c) Vit pttt ca ( ) C vung gc vi
2
: d
8
45
2012 y x =
d) Tm m phng trnh
4 2
8 x x m = c 4 nghim phn bit.
Bi 22 : Cho hm s
4 2
( 1) y x mx m = c th ( ) Cm
a) Tm m th hm s i qua im ( 1; 4) M
b) Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s khi 2 m = .
c) Gi ( ) H l hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C v trc honh. Tnh th
tch vt th trn xoay to ra khi quay ( ) H quanh trc honh.

2. Hm s nht bin v cc vn lin quan
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s ( 0, 0) c ad cb
ax b
y
cx d

Tp xc nh:

\
d
c
D =
C Tnh
2
( )
ad cb
y
cx d
v khng nh y
dng hay m,
d
c
x
C Suy ra hm s ng bin hay nghch bin trn mi khong xc
nh ( ; ), ( ; )
d d
c c
v khng t cc tr.
Tnh cc gii hn v tm hai tim cn:
Tnh lim
x
a
y
c
= v lim
x
a
y
c
= , suy ra
a
y
c
= l TCN
Tnh
( )
lim
d
c
x
y

v
( )
lim
d
c
x
y

, suy ra
d
x
c
= l TC
C V bng bin thin ca hm s.
C Lp bng gi tr.
C V th hm s (c 2 tim cn) v nu nhn xt.

( 0, 0)
ax b
y c ad cb
cx d
+
=
+

0 y
0 y
<

th hm s nht bin gm hai nhnh ring bit
lun i xng nhau qua giao im ca hai ng tim cn
- 13 -
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (dng 1 bit to tip im M
0
)
Ch r
0
x v
0
y (honh & tung ca im M
0
)
C Tnh
0
( ) f x

C Cng thc:
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x
=
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (dng 2 bit trc h s gc k)
Lp lun c c
0
( ) f x k
= (*)
C Thay
0
( ) y x
vo (*) tm
0
x
C C
0
x , tm
0
y v dng cng thc
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x
=
Lu : Tip tuyn song song vi y ax b = c h s gc k = a
Tip tuyn vung gc vi ( 0) y ax b a = c h s
gc
1
a
k =
d) S tng giao gia th (C ):y = f(x) v ng thng d: y = ax + b
Lp phng trnh honh giao im ca ( ) C v d:
( ) f x ax b = (*)
C Lp lun: s giao im ca ( ) C v d bng vi s nghim ca (*)
C m s nghim ca (*) suy ra s giao im ca ( ) C v d
V D MINH HO
Bi 23 : Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c tung
bng
5
2

c) Chng minh rng ng thng : 2 d y x m = lun ct th
( ) C ti 2 im phn bit.
Bi gii
Cu a: Hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
Tp xc nh: \ { 1} D =
o hm:
2
1
0, 1
( 1)
y x
x
, do hm s ng bin
trn cc khong ( ; 1) , ( 1; ) v khng t cc tr.

Gii hn v tim cn:
lim 2 ; lim 2
x x
y y

= = y = 2 l tim cn ngang.

( 1) ( 1)
lim ; lim
x x
y y

= = 1 x = l tim cn ng.
Bng bin thin:
x 1
y
+ +
y

2
2

Bng gi tr:
x 2
3
2
1
1
2
0
y 3 4 0 1
th hm s gm hai nhnh i xng
nhau qua im ( 1; 2) I nh hnh v
Cu b: Vi
5
2
y = th
2 1 5
2(2 1) 5( 1) 3
1 2
x
x x x
x
= = =

Ta c
2
1 1
4
( 2)
( 3) f
= =
Vy, tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti
5
2
( 3; ) M l:
5 1 1 13
2 4 4 4
( 3) y x y x = =
Cu c:Honh giao im (nu c) ca ( ) C v d l nghim phng trnh
2 1
2 2 1 ( 2 )( 1)
1
x
x m x x m x
x
= =
, 1 x
2
2 (4 ) 1 0 x m x m = (*) ( 1 x = khng tho (*))
Bit thc ca phng trnh (*):
2 2
4 12 ( 2) 8 0, m m m m = =
Do 0 nn (*) lun c 2 nghim phn bit, t ( ) C v d
lun c 2 im chung phn bit.
Bi 24 :a) Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s
3
2
x
y
x

b) Vit pttt ca ( ) C bit tip tuyn song song vi : d y x =
c) Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng : d y x m = ct th
( ) C ti 2 im phn bit.
- 15 -
Cu a: Hm s
3 3
2 2
x x
y
x x

= =

Tp xc nh: \ {2} D =
o hm:
2
1
0, 2
(2 )
y x
x
= <
, do hm s nghch bin
trn cc khong ( ; 2) , (2; ) v khng t cc tr.
Gii hn v tim cn:
lim 1 ; lim 1
x x
y y

= = 1 y = l tim cn ngang.

2 2
lim ; lim
x x
y y

= = 2 x = l tim cn ng.
Bng bin thin:
x 2
y

y
1

1
Bng gi tr:
x 0 1 2 3 4
y
3
2
2 0
1
2

th hm s gm hai nhnh i xng
nhau qua im (2; 1) I nh hnh v

Cu b: V tip tuyn song song vi ng thng y x = nn c h s
gc
0
( ) 1 k f x
= =
2
0
1
1
(2 ) x
2
0
(2 ) 1 x =
0 0
0 0
2 1 1
2 1 3
x x
x x

= =

= =

p s: c 2 tip tuyn tho l 1 y x = v 3 y x =
Cu c: Phng trnh honh giao im ca ( ) C v d:
3
2
x
x m
x
2
( 3) 2 3 0 x m x m = (*)
( ) C v d ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit khi v ch khi phng
trnh (*) c 2 nghim phn bit
2
0 2 3 0 m m
( ; 1) (3; ) m
Vy vi ( ; 1) (3; ) m th th ( ) C v ng thng
: d y x m = ct nhau ti 2 im phn bit.

BI TP V HM S NHT BIN
Bi 25 : Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng 3.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c tung bng
7
2

d) Tm m : ( 1) 2 d y m x = ct ( ) C ti 2 im phn bit.
Bi 26 : Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) H ca hm s.
b) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) H bit tip tuyn song song
vi ng phn gic ca gc phn t th nht.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) H ti im trn ( ) H c honh bng 3 .
d) Tm m ng thng 1 y mx = ct ( ) C ti 2 im phn bit.
Bi 27 : Cho hm s
2 1
2
x
y
x

b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng
3
4

c) Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca tham s m ng thng
y x m = lun ct th ( ) C ti hai im phn bit.
Bi 28 : Cho hm s
3
2
1
y
x
=

b) Vit pttt vi th ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi trc honh.
c) Tm m ng thng : d y m x = ct ( ) C ti 2 im phn bit
Bi 29 : Cho hm s
2
3
x
y
x
c th ( ) C .
b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c honh bng 1.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti im trn ( ) C c tung bng
3
2

d) Vit pttt vi ( ) C bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng
5
4

e) Xc nh to giao im ca ( ) C v 3 2 y x =
- 17 -
Bi 30 : Cho hm s
2
1
y
x
=
c th l ( ) C .
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C ti cc giao im
ca ( ) C vi ng thng : 2 1 d y x =
c) Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s trn on [0;2]
d) Vit pttt ca ( ) C bit tip tuyn song song vi
1 3
2 2
y x =
e) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C trc honh v hai
ng thng x = 0, x = 2.
Bi 31 : Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
c th ( ) C .
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s.
b) Tm im M trn trc honh m tip tuyn ca ( ) C i qua im
M song song vi ng thng d : y = 2x
Bi 32 : Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x

b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi : 2 3 d y x = .
c) Vit pttt ca ( ) C vung gc vi ng thng
1
2
2012 y x =
d) Tm m ng thng d: 2 y mx = ct c hai nhnh ca ( ) C .
Bi 33 : Cho hm s
2 3
1
x
y
x

b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C , Ox v 2 x = .
c) Vit phng trnh cc ng thng song song vi ng thng
3 y x = ng thi tip xc vi th ( ) C
Bi 34 : Cho hm s
3 4
1
x
y
x

b) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti giao im ca ( ) C vi trc tung.
c) Vit pttt vi ( ) C ti cc giao im ca ( ) C vi : 2 4 d y x =
d) Tm a ng thng : 3 y ax = th ( ) C khng giao nhau
e) Tm tt c cc im trn ( ) C c to u l cc s nguyn.

3. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s y = f(x) trn on [a;b]
Hm s ( ) y f x = lin tc trn on [a;b].
C Tnh ( ) y f x

= .
C Cho 0 y
= tm cc nghim [ ; ]
i
x a b (nu c) v cc s
[ ; ]
j
x a b lm cho y
khng xc nh (nh loi cc s [ ; ] x a b

l
)
Tnh cc gi tr ( )
i
f x , ( )
j
f x v ( ), ( ) f a f b
(khng c tnh f ca cc x
l
b loi)
C Chn kt qu ln nht v kt qu nh nht t bc 4 kt lun
v gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s trn on [a;b].
4. iu kin hm s c cc tr (tm tt)
Nu
0
0
( ) 0
( ) 0
f x
f x
'
1
=
1
!
1 <
1
1+
th hm s ( ) y f x = t cc i ti
0
x
Nu
0
0
( ) 0
( ) 0
f x
f x
'
1
=
1
!
1
1
1+
th hm s ( ) y f x = t cc tiu ti
0
x
Hm s
3 2
y ax bx cx d = c cc i, cc tiu 0
y

Hm s
4 2
y ax bx c = c cc i, cc tiu . 0 a b <
5. iu kin hm s n iu trn tng khong xc nh
Hm s
3 2
y ax bx cx d = ng bin trn
0
0,
0
y
y x
a
'
1

1

!
1
1
1+

Hm s
3 2
y ax bx cx d = nghch bin trn
0
0,
0
y
y x
a
'
1

1

!
1 <
1
1+

Hm s
ax b
y
cx d
ng bin trn tng khong xc nh

0, 0 y x D ad cb
(khng c du =)
Hm s
ax b
y
cx d
nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh

0, 0 y x D ad cb
< < (khng c du =)

- 19 -
V D MINH HO
Bi 35 : Tm gi tr ln nht v gi nh nh nht ca hm s:
a)
3 2
8 16 9 y x x x = trn on [1;3]
b)
2
4 ln(1 ) y x x = trn on [3;0]
c)
3 2
2 ln 3 ln 2 y x x = trn on
2
[1; ] e
d)
2
( 1)
x
y e x x = trn on [0;2]
Bi gii
Cu a: Hm s
3 2
8 16 9 y x x x = lin tc trn on [1;3]
o hm:
2
3 16 16 y x x
=
Cho
2
0 3 16 16 0 y x x
= =
loai
nhan
4
3
4 [1; 3] ( )
[1; 3] ( )
x
x

Trn on [1;3] ta c:
( )
; ;
4 13
3 27
(1) 0 (3) 6 f f f = = =
Do
13
27
6 0 < < nn
[1;3]
min (3) 6
x
y f
= = v
[1;3]
max
x
y
( )
4 13
3 27
f = =
Cu b: Hm s
2
4 ln(1 ) y x x = lin tc trn on [3;0]

2
4 2 2 4
2
1 1
x x
y x
x x

= =

Cho
(nhan)
(loai)
2
1 [ 3; 0]
0 2 2 4 0
2 [ 3; 0]
x
y x x
x
= =

Trn on [2;0]: ; ; ( 1) 1 4 ln2 ( 3) 9 8 ln2 (0) 0 f f f = = =
Do
16
1 4 ln2 ln 0
e
= < v
2
9 8 ln2 1 8 ln 0
e
= nn
[ 3;0]
min ( 1) 1 4 ln2
x
y f

= = v
[ 3;0]
max ( 3) 9 8 ln2
x
y f

= =
Cu c: Hm s
3 2
2 ln 3 ln 2 y x x = lin tc trn on
2
[1; ] e
t ln t x = th
2
[1; ] [0; 2] x e t , hm s tr thnh
3 2
( ) 2 3 2 y g t t t = = c
2
0 [0; 2]
( ) 6 6 0
1 [0; 2]
t
g t t t
t
= =

Trn on [0;2]: (0) 2 ; (1) 3 ; (2) 2 g g g = = =
Do 3 2 2 < < nn
2
[1; ]
min (1) 3
x e
y g
= = v
2
[1; ]
max (2) 2
x e
y g
= =

Cu d: p s:
[0;2]
min (1) y f e = = v
2
[0;2]
max (2) y f e = =
Bi 36 : Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s
3 2
4 3 y x mx x =
a) ng bin trn b) C cc i v cc tiu
Bi gii
Cu a:
3 2
4 3 y x mx x = (*)
Tp xc nh: D = R
o hm:
2
3 2 4 y x mx
= c
2
12
y
m
=
Hm s (*) ng bin trn 0, y x

2
3 0 0
2 3
0 12 0
y
a
m
m
'
'
1 1
1
1
1

! !
1 1
1 1
1+ 1+

Vy, vi 2 3 ; 2 3 m
l

l
l
th hm s (*) ng bin trn
Cu b:Hm s (*) c cc i v cc tiu 0 y
= c 2 nghim phn
bit
2
0 12 0 ( ; 2 3) (2 3; )
y
m m

Vy vi ( ; 2 3) (2 3; ) m th hm s (*) c cc i v
cc tiu.
Bi 37 : Tm iu kin ca m hm s
3 2 2
3 ( 1) 2 y x mx m x =
t cc i ti
0
2 x =
Bi gii
Cu a:
3 2 2
3 ( 1) 2 y x mx m x = (*)
Tp xc nh: D = R
o hm:
2 2
( ) 3 6 ( 1) y f x x mx m

= =
( ) 6 6 y f x x m

= =
Hm s (*) t cc i ti
0
2 x = khi v ch khi
2
(2) 0 {1;11} 12 11 0
11
(2) 0 2 12 6 0
f m m m
m
f m m
'
' '
1 1 1
= =
1
1 1
1
=
! ! !
1 1 1 < <
1 1 1
1 1 + + 1+

Vy vi 11 m = th hm s (*) t cc i ti
0
2 x =

- 21 -
Bi 38 : Chng minh rng nu
sin
x
x
y
e
= th 2 2 0 y y y

=
Bi gii
Hm s
sin
. sin
x
x
x
y e x
e
= = c tp xc nh D =
( ) . sin .(sin ) (cos sin )
x x x
y e x e x e x x

= =
( ) (cos sin ) (cos sin ) 2 cos
x x x
y e x x e x x e x

= =
2 2 2 cos 2 (cos sin ) 2 sin 0
x x x
y y y e x e x x e x

= =
Vy, vi . sin
x
y e x
= th 2 2 0 y y y

=

BI TP V CC VN KHC LIN QUAN HM S
Bi 39 : Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau y
a)
3 2
( ) 2 3 12 10 f x x x x = trn on [ 2; 0]
b)
5 4 3
( ) 5 5 1 f x x x x = trn on [1;2]
c)
4 3 2
( ) 2 1 f x x x x = trn on [1;1]
d)
5 3
( ) 5 10 1 f x x x x = trn on [2;4]
e)
2
( ) 25 f x x = trn on [3;4]
f)
2
( ) 2 5 f x x x = trn tp xc nh.
g)
4
( ) 1
2
f x x
x
=
trn on [1;2]
h)
3
( ) 3 sin 2 sin 1 f x x x = trn on [0; ]
i) ( ) cos 2 sin 3 f x x x =
j) ( ) 2 sin sin2 f x x x = trn on [ ]
3
2
0;

Bi 40 : Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau y:
a)
2
( )
x x
f x e e

= trn on [ 1; 2]
b)
2
( ) ( 1)
x
f x x e
= trn on [0;2]
c)
2
( ) ( 1)
x
f x x x e
= trn on [ 1;1]
d)
2
( ) 2 2
x
f x xe x x = trn on [0;1]
e)
2
( ) 2( 2) 2
x
f x x e x x = trn on [0; 2]

f)
2
( ) ln(1 2 ) f x x x = trn on [ 2; 0]
g)
2
( ) 2 4 ln f x x x x = trn on [1; 2]
h)
2
( ) ln( 1) f x x x = trn on [0; 2]
i) ( ) ln 2 2 f x x x x = trn on
2
[1; ] e
j)
2 2
( ) 2 ln 3 f x x x x = trn on [1; 2 ] e
k)
2
ln
( )
x
f x
x
= trn on [ ]
3
1;e
l)
ln
( )
x
f x
x
= trn on
1
2
[ ; e
2
] e
Bi 41 : Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s sau y lun ng bin
a)
3 2
( 6) 2 y x mx m x =
b)
3 2 2
2( 1) (2 2) 3 y x m x m m x m =
Bi 42 : Tm cc gi tr ca tham s a hm s sau y lun nghch bin
a)
3 2
( 1) (2 1) 3 y x a x a x = b)
7
5 3
ax a
y
x a

=

Bi 43 : Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s sau y c cc i v cc tiu
a)
3 2 2
2( 1) ( 3 2) 2 y x m x m m x =
b)
2
2 4
2
x mx m
y
x

=

c)
4 2
( 1) 2 3 y m x mx =
Bi 44 : Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s:
a)
3 2 2
2 ( 1) ( 4) 1 y x m x m x m = t cc i ti
0
0 x =
b)
2 3 2
(2 1) (2 3) 2 y m x mx m x = t cc tiu ti
0
1 x =
c)
2
6
3
m
y

=
3
1 x mx t cc tiu ti
0
2 x =
d)
1
2
y =
4 2
x mx n t cc tiu bng 2 ti
0
1 x =
Bi 45 : Chng minh rng
a) Nu (cos 2 sin2 )
x
y e x x = th 2 5 0 y y y

=
b) Nu
4
2
x x
y e e
= th 13 12 y y y

=
c) Nu
lnx
y
x
= th
2
3 0 y xy x y

=
- 23 -
Phn Phn Phn Phn II. II. II. II. PHNG TRNH PHNG TRNH PHNG TRNH PHNG TRNH - -- - BT PHNG TRNH M! BT PHNG TRNH M! BT PHNG TRNH M! BT PHNG TRNH M! & && & LGARIT LGARIT LGARIT LGARIT

1. Phng trnh m (n gin)
Cc tnh cht v lu tha cn lu : vi 0, 0 a b v , m n ta c
( )
.
1 1
n
m n m n m mn
m
m
n
m n m
n
n
n n
n n
a a a a a
a
a a a
a
a a
a a
= =
= =
= =
i i
i i
i i

( )
( ) ( )
( ) .
n
n
n n n
n
a a
b
b
n n
a b
b a
ab a b
=
=
=
i
i
i

a) Phng trnh m c bn: vi 0 a v 1 a , ta c

x
a b = v nghim nu 0 b
log
x
a
a b x b = = nu 0 b
b) Phng php a v cng c s: vi 0 a v 1 a , ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
a a f x g x = =
c) Phng php t n s ph:
Phng php gii chung:
Bin i phng trnh theo
( ) f x
a , chng hn:

2 ( ) ( )
. . 0
f x f x
ma n a p =

( )
( )
1
. . 0
f x
f x
a
ma n p =
t
( ) f x
t a = (km iu kin cho t) v thay vo phng trnh
C Gii phng trnh mi theo t tm nghim
0
t (nu c)
C i chiu nghim
0
t tm c vi iu kin bc 1 ri tm x.
Lu 1: gp dng
( ) ( )
. . 0
f x f x
ma n a p
= , ta dng bin i
( )
( )
1
f x
f x
a
a
=
Lu 2: gp dng
2 ( ) ( ) 2 ( )
. .( ) . 0
f x f x f x
ma n ab pb = , ta chia 2 v
phng trnh cho
2 ( ) f x
b
d) Phng php lgarit ho: vi 0 1 a < v 0 1 b < , ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
log log
f x g x f x g x
a a
a b a b
l l
= =
l l
l l

2. Phng trnh lgarit (n gin)
Phng php chung: t iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh
Bin i phng trnh tm x (nu c)
i chiu x tm c vi iu kin kt lun
Cc cng thc v quy tc tnh lgarit: vi 0 1 a < v b > 0, 0 :
log 1 0
a
= log ( ) log
n
m
m
a
a n
b b = ( 0 n )
log ( )
a
a
= . log ( ) log log

a a a
m n m n = ( , 0 m n )

log
a
b
a b =
( )
log log log
m
a a a
n
m n = ( , 0 m n )
log ( ) . log
a a
b b
=
log
log
log
c
c
b
a
a
b = ( 0 1 c < )

1
log log
a
a
b b
=
1
log
log
b
a
a
b = ( 1 b )
a) Phng trnh lgarit c bn: vi 0 a v 1 a , ta c
log
b
a
x b x a = =
b) Phng php a v cng c s: vi 0 a v 1 a , ta c
log ( ) log ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
f x g x f x g x = = (km iu kin ( ) 0 f x )
log ( ) ( )
b
a
f x b f x a = =
Lu : Nu c ( ) 0 f x th
2
log ( ) 2 log ( )
n
a a
f x n f x
l
=
l
l

Nu ch c ( ) 0 f x th
2
log ( ) 2 log ( )
n
a a
f x n f x
l
=
l
l

Bin i sau y rt d sai st (khng nn s dng):
a ra ngoi: log ( )
a
f x

l
l
l
thnh . log ( )
a
f x
Tch log ( ). ( )
a
f x g x
l
l
l
thnh log ( ) log ( )
a a
f x g x
Tch
( )
( )
log
f x
a
g x
l
l
l
l
thnh log ( ) log ( )
a a
f x g x
(ch c dng cc bin i trn khi ( ) 0, ( ) 0 f x g x )
Nn dng bin i di y:
a vo trong: . log ( )
a
f x thnh log ( )
a
f x

l
l
l

Nhp log ( ) log ( )
a a
f x g x thnh log ( ). ( )
a
f x g x
l
l
l

Nhp log ( ) log ( )
a a
f x g x thnh
( )
( )
log
f x
a
g x
l
l
l
l

- 25 -
c) Phng php t n s ph:
Bin i phng trnh theo log ( )
a
f x , chng hn:
2
. log ( ) . log ( ) 0
a a
m f x n f x p =
t log ( )
a
t f x = v thay vo phng trnh.
C Gii phng trnh mi theo t tm nghim
0
t (nu c)
C T
0
t t = ta gii phng trnh lgarit c bn tm x.
d) Phng php m ho: vi 0 1 a < v 0 1 b < , ta c
log ( ) log ( )
log ( ) log ( )
a b
f x g x
a a
f x g x a a = =
3. Bt phng trnh m lgarit (n gin)
Cng c cc cch gii nh cch gii phng trnh m, lgarit.
Tuy nhin khi gii bt phng trnh m v bt phng trnh lgarit
cn ch so snh c s a vi 1 s dng tnh ng bin, nghch bin
ca hm s m v hm s lgarit.
Hm s m
x
y a = ng bin khi a > 1, nghch bin khi 0 1 a < <
Hm s lgarit log
a
y x = cng ng bin khi a > 1 v nghch bin
khi 0 1 a < <

V D MINH HO
Bi 1 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y:
a)
2
3
5 625
x x
= b)
( )
1
5 7
2
3
(1, 5)
x
x

= c)
1
2 .5 200
x x
=
Bi gii
Cu a:
2 2
3 3 4
5 625 5 5
x x x x
= =
2 2
3 4 3 4 0 x x x x = =
hoac 1 4 x x = =
Vy, phng trnh cho c 2 nghim: va 1 4 x x = =
Cu b:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 5 7 1
5 7
2 3 3
3 2 2
(1, 5) 5 7 1 1
x x x
x
x x x

= = = =
Vy, phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht: x = 1
Cu c:
1
2 .5 200 2.2 .5 200 10 100 2
x x x x x
x
= = = =
Vy, phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht: x = 2

a) 9 5.3 6 0
x x
= b)
1 1
4 2 21 0
x x
=
c)
2
5 2.5 5 0
x x
= d) 6.9 13.6 6.4 0
x x x
=

Hng dn gii v p s
Cu a:
2
9 5.3 6 0 3 5.3 6 0
x x x x
= =
t 3
x
t = (t > 0), phng trnh trn tr thnh:
(nhan so vi )
(nhan so vi )
2
3 0
5 6 0
2 0
t t
t t
t t

3 t = th 3 3 1
x
x = = 2 t = th
3
3 2 log 2
x
x = =
Vy, phng trnh cho c 2 nghim: x = 1 v
3
log 2 x =
Cu b:
1 1
4 2 21 0
x x
=
4
4
x
2.2 21 0 4 8.2 84 0
x x x
= =
Hng dn: t 2 ( 0)
x
t t = . p s:
2
log 6 x =
Cu c:
2
50
5 2.5 5 0 5 5 0
5
x x x
x
= =
Hng dn: t 5 ( 0)
x
t t = . p s: 1 x =
Cu d: 6.9 13.6 6.4 0
x x x
= . Chia 2 v ca phng trnh cho 4
x
ta
c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
9 6 3 3
4 4 2 2
6 13 6 0 6 13 6 0
x x x x
= =
Hng dn: t
( )
3
2
( 0)
x
t t = . p s: 1 x =
a)
2 2
log 4 log 1 1 x x = b)
5 25 0,2
log log log 3 x x =
c)
2
4 8
2
log 2log log 13 x x x = d)
2
3
3
log ( 2) log ( 4) 0 x x =
Hng dn gii v p s
Cu a:
2 2
log 4 log 1 1 x x =

(1)
iu kin:
4 0 4
4
1 0 1
x x
x
x x
' '
1 1

1 1

! !
1 1
1 1
1 1 + +
. Khi ,
(1)
2
log ( 4)( 1) 1 ( 4)( 1) 2 x x x x = =
2
( 4)( 1) 4 5 0 0 x x x x x = = = hoc 5 x =
So vi iu kin x > 4 ta ch nhn nghim x = 5
Vy, phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht l x = 5

- 27 -
Cu b:
5 25 0,2
log log log x x =
1
3
(2) .
Vi iu kin x > 0,
( )
2 1
1
5
5 5
(2) log log log 3 x x
=
p s:
3
3 x =
Cu c:
2
4 8
2
log 2 log log 13 x x x = (3).
iu kin: x > 0, khi
2
1
2 2 2
3
(3) 2 log log log 13 x x x =
p s: 8 x =
Cu d:
2
3
3
log ( 2) log ( 4) 0 x x = (4).
iu kin:
2
2 0 2
4 ( 4) 0
x x
x x
'
'
1 1
1
1
1
! !
1 1
1 1
1+ 1+
(I). Khi ,
2
3 3
(4) 2 log ( 2) log ( 4) 0 x x =
2
2 2
3 3 3
log ( 2) log ( 4) 0 log ( 2)( 4) 0 x x x x
l
= =
l
l

2
( 2)( 4) 1
( 2)( 4) 1
( 2)( 4) 1
x x
x x
x x
l
=
l
l
=

p s: x = 3 v 3 2 x =
a)
2
2 2
log log 6 0 x x = b)
2
2
2
4 log log 2 x x =
c)
1 2
5 log 1 log
1
x x
= d)
2
log (5 2 ) 2
x
x =
Hng dn gii v p s
Cu a:
2
2 2
log log 6 0 x x = (5)
iu kin: x > 0, t
2
log t x = , phng trnh cho tr thnh:
2
6 0 3 t t t = = hoc 2 t =
Vi 3 t = th
2
log 3 8 x x = = (tho x > 0)
Vi 2 t = th
2
2
log 2 2 x x

= = (tho x > 0)
Vy, tp nghim ca phng trnh (5) l:
1
4
{ ; 8} S =
Cu b:
2
2
2
4 log log 2 x x = (6)
iu kin: x > 0, khi

1/2
2 2
2 2 2
2
(6) 4 log log 2 4 log 2 log 2 0 x x x x = =
Hng dn: t
2
log t x = . p s:
1
2
x = v 2 x =
Cu e:
1 2
5 log 1 log
1
x x
= (7)
iu kin: 0; log 1 x x v log 5 x (I). t log t x = ,
(7) tr thnh
1 2
5 1
1 1 2(5 ) (5 )(1 )
t t
t t t t

= =
2
5 6 0 3 t t t = = hoc 2 t =
Vi 3 t = th log 3 1000 x x = = (tho iu kin (I))
Vi 2 t = th log 2 100 x x = = (tho iu kin (I))
Vy, tp nghim ca phng trnh (7) l: {100;1000} S =
Bi 5 : Gii cc bt phng trnh sau y:
a)
2
6 3 7
7 49
x x
b)
( )
2
7 2
3 9
5 25
x x
c) 4 3.2 2 0
x x
<
Bi gii
Cu a:
2 2
6 3 7 (8) 6 3 7 2
7 49 7 7
x x x x

2
6 3 7 2 x x
2
6 3 9 0 x x
3
2
[ ;1] x (gii bng bng xt du)
Vy, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh
(8)
l S =
3
2
[ ;1]
Cu b:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
7 2 7 2 2
(9)
3 9 3 3
5 25 5 5
x x x x

2
7 2 2 x x <
2
7 0 ( ; 0) (7; ) x x x < (gii bng bng xt du)
Vy, bt phng trnh (9) c tp nghim: S = (;0)(7;+)
Cu c: 4 3.2 2 0
x x
<
(10)

t 2
x
t = (t > 0),
(10)
tr thnh:
2
3 2 0 t t < vi t > 0
Bng xt du: cho
2
3 2 0 1; 2 t t t t = = =
t 0 1 2
2
3 2 t t
+ 0 0 +
Nh vy,
1
2
t
t
'
1

1
!
1 <
1
1+
hay
2 1 0
0 1
1
2 2
x
x
x
x
x
'
1 '
1

1
1
1
< <
! !
1 1 <
<
1 1
1+
1+

Vy, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh cho l: S = (0;1)
- 29 -
Bi 6 : Gii cc bt phng trnh sau y:
a)
2
0,5
log ( 5 6) 1 x x b)
2 2
ln( 2) ln(2 5 2) x x x
c)
1 1
3 3
2
log (2 4) log ( 6) x x x
Bi gii
Cu a:
2
0,5
log ( 5 6) 1 x x
iu kin: hoac
2
5 6 0 2 3 x x x x < (I). Khi ,
2 2 1
0,5
log ( 5 6) 1 5 6 (0, 5) x x x x

2
5 4 0 1 4 x x x
Kt hp vi iu kin (I) ta nhn cc gi tr: [1; 2) (3; 4] x
Vy, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l: [1; 2) (3; 4] S =
Cu b:
2 2
ln( 2) ln(2 5 2) x x x
iu kin:
hien nhien
2
2
2 5 2 0
2 0 :
x x
x
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+
hoac
1
2
2 x x < (I)
Khi ,
2 2 2 2
ln( 2) ln(2 5 2) 2 2 5 2 x x x x x x
2
5 0 0 5 x x x
Kt hp vi iu kin (I) ta nhn cc gi tr:
1
2
[0; ) (2; 5] x
Vy, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l:
1
2
[0; ) (2; 5] S =
Cu c:
1 1
3 3
2
log (2 4) log ( 6) x x x
iu kin:
hoac
2
2 3 6 0
3
2 2 4 0
x x x x
x
x x
'
'
1 1
<
1
1
1

! !
1 1
1 1
1+ 1+

Vi iu kin x > 3 ta c
1 1
3 3
2 2
log (2 4) log ( 6) 2 4 6 x x x x x x
2
3 10 0 2 5 x x x
Kt hp vi iu kin x > 3 ta nhn cc gi tr 3 5 x <
Vy, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l: (3; 5] S =

BI TP V PHNG TRNH M
a)
2
7 8.7 7 0
x x
= b)
2
2.2 2 1 0
x x
=
c) 9 3 6 0
x x
= d) 25 2.5 15 0
x x
=
e)
2 1
2 2 6
x x
= f)
2 3
8 2 56 0
x x
=
g)
3
3 3 12
x x
= h)
3
2 2 2 0
x x
=
i)
2 3 2
5 5 20
x x
= j)
1
7 2.7 9 0
x x
=
k)
2 2
4. 3
x x
e e
= l)
1
6 2.6 13 0
x x
=
m) 3.4 2.6 9
x x x
= n)
2 1
25 10 2
x x x
=
o) 25 15 2.9
x x x
= p) 5.4 2.25 7.10 0
x x x
=
q)
6 3
3. 2 0
x x
e e = r)
4 1
2 15.4 8 0
x x
=
s)
2 1
5 5.5 250
x x
= t)
2 1
3 9.3 6 0
x x
=
u)
2 6 7
2 2 17
x x
= v)
1 1 1
2 (2 3 ) 9
x x x x
=
a)
2 5 2 3
2 2 12
x x
= b)
4 2 1
2 2 5 3.5
x x x x
=
c)
2 1 2
3 3 108
x x
= d)
2 2
5 7 .17 7 5 .17
x x x x
=
e)
1 2
2 .5 0, 2.10
x x x
= f)
2
5 5 11 1 2 2
12 .4 48.3
x x x x
=
g)
3 1 3 2
8.4 2
x x
= h)
3 3 1 1
2 .3 2 .3 192
x x x x
=
i)
2 2
1
3 .2 72
x x x x
= j)
1 2 3
(0, 25) 2 0, 125.16
x x
=
a)
1
3.2 4 1 0
x x
= b)
2 4 1
5 110.5 75 0
x x
=
c)
( )
( )
1
5 7
2
3
1, 5
x
x

= d)
( )
5
2
2 2
16
9
(0, 75) 0
x
x x

=
e)
2 1 2
3 3 108
x x
= f)
2( 1)
16 2 12 0
x x
=
g) 4.9 12 3.16 0
x x x
= h)
4 8 2 5
3 4.3 27 0
x x
=
i)
1
3 (3 30) 27 0
x x
= j)
3 2 1 3
2 2 2 0
x x x
=
k)
2 2
2 9.2 2 0
x x
= l)
1 3 2
1 3.2 2 0
x x
=
m)
2 1 2
3 2.3 5 0
x x
= n) 4.9 12 3.16 0
x x x
=
o)
2 2
2
2 2 3
x x x x
= p)
4 2 2
2.16 2 4 15
x x x
=
- 31 -
q)
( ) ( )
2 3
3 2
4. 2. 6 0
x x
= r)
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 4
x x
=
s)
1
2 .4 64 5 0
x x x
= t)
1
4 4 .4 3 0
x x x
=
u)
1
36 3 .2 4 0
x x x
= v)
1
4 2 .4 3 0
x x x
=
BI TP V PHNG TRNH LGARIT
a)
2
log( 6 5) log(1 ) x x x = b)
4 2
2
ln . log ( 2 ) 3 ln x x x x =
c)
1
7
2
7
log ( 2) log (8 ) 0 x x = d)
1
3
2
3
log ( 10) log (3 ) 0 x x =
e) ln(4 4) ln( 1) ln x x x = f)
2
2
log ( 1) log (7 ) x x =
g)
2 4
log 2 log ( 1) 1 x x = h)
1
3
3
log ( 2) log ( 4) 1 x x =
i)
2 2
log ( 1) log (2 11) 1 x x = j)
2 4 0,5
log (2 ) log log x x x =
k)
2 0,5
log ( 3) log ( 1) 3 x x = l)
5 0,2
5
log log log 2 x x x =
m)
3 9 27
log log log 11 x x x = n)
4 3
log log(4 ) 2 log x x x =
Bi 11 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y
a)
2
5 5
log 4 log 3 0 x x = b)
2
2 2
2 log log 1 0 x x =
c)
2
5 0,2
log log 12 0 x x = d)
2
ln ln( ) 1 0 x ex =
e)
2
2 0,5
log 5 log 4 0 x x = f)
2
2 0,5
2
3 log log log (2 ) x x x =
g)
( )
2
2 4
8
log 6 log 7
x
x = h)
2
0,2 5
log 5 log 6 0 x x =
i)
2 2
log 3 log log 4 x x x = j)
2
log (10 ) 9 log(0, 1. ) x x =
k)
3
log log 9 3
x
x = l)
3
log 27 3 log 8
x
x =
m)
2
2 log 2 log 5
x
x = n)
( )
6
6
2 log 5 log 6
x
x
x =
Bi 12 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y
a)
2
3 3
log ( 5) log (2 5) x x x = b) log (2 ) log (10 3 ) x x
=
c)
3 3
log log
4 5.2 4 0
x x
= d)
2
log (10 ) 3 log 1 0 x x =
e)
5
5
log ( 2) log (4 5) x x = f)
2
3 3
log (3 ) log 1 0 x x =
g)
2
2 0,5
2
log 3 log log 2 x x x = h)
2 3
log log 2 0 x x =

i)
log 1 log 2
1
log 2 log 1 2
x x
x x

= j)
2 8
4 16
log log (4 )
log (2 ) log (2 )
x x
x x
=
k)
1
3 3
log (3 1). log (3 3) 6
x x
= l)
5 5
log ( 2) log ( 6) x x x =
m)
3
log(10 ). log(0, 1. ) log 3 x x x =
n)
4 2
2
log 4 log log (4 ) 12 x x x =
o)
2
1
4
2 2
log ( 2) log (3 1) 1 x x =
p)
2 2
1
log log ( 1)( 4) 2
4
x
x x
x
l
=
l

BI TP V BT PHNG TRNH M - LGARIT
Bi 13 : Gii cc bt phng trnh sau y
a)
2
2 3
(0, 5) 2
x x
b) 2 2 3 0
x x
< c)
2
3
2 4
x x
<
d)
2 1
3 3 28
x x
e) 4 3.2 2 0
x x
f)
2
3 9
x x
<
a)
2 6 7
2 2 17
x x
b)
2 3 2
5 2.5 3
x x
c) 4 2 3
x x

d)
4 4 2 2
2.2 2 4 15
x x x
e) 5.4 2.25 7.10
x x x
f)
1
4 16 3
x x

a)
2 2
log ( 5) log (3 2 ) 4 x x b)
1
3
5
2
log log 3
x
x
c)
2
8 8
3
2 log ( 2) log ( 3) x x d)
1
3
3 1
log 1
2
x
x

e)
4 4
log ( 7) log (1 ) x x f)
2
2 2
log log 0 x
a)
1 1
2 2
2
log (5 10) log ( 6 8) x x x <
b)
2 2
log ( 3) log ( 2) 1 x x c)
1 1
2 2
log (2 3) log (3 1) x x
d)
0,2 0,2
log (3 5) log ( 1) x x e)
3 3
log ( 3) log ( 5) 1 x x <
- 33 -
Phn Phn Phn Phn III. NGUYN HM III. NGUYN HM III. NGUYN HM III. NGUYN HM - -- - TCH PHN TCH PHN TCH PHN TCH PHN V (NG D*NG V (NG D*NG V (NG D*NG V (NG D*NG
1. nh ngha nguyn hm
Hm s ( ) F x c gi l mt nguyn hm ca hm s ( ) f x trn K nu
( ) ( ), F x f x x K
=
Lu :* Cc nguyn hm ca ( ) f x trn K sai khc nhau 1 hng s C.
* H cc nguyn hm ca ( ) f x trn K k hiu l ( ). f x dx

( ). ( ) f x dx F x C =

2. Bng cng thc nguyn hm v nguyn hm m rng
1 1
2 2
1. .
( ) 1
. ( ) .
1 1
1 1 ln
. ln .
1 1 2
. 2 .
1 1 1 1 1
. .
( )
. .
ax b
x x ax b
dx x C a dx ax C
ax b x
x dx C ax b dx C
a
ax b
dx x C dx C
x ax b a
ax b
dx x C dx C
a
x ax b
dx C dx C
x a ax b
x ax b
e
e dx e C e dx
a

= =
= =

= =
= =
= =
= =

i i
i i
i i
i i
i i
i i
2 2
2 2
sin( )
cos . sin cos( ).
cos( )
sin . cos sin( ).
tan( ) 1 1
. tan .
cos cos ( )
cot( ) 1 1
. cot .
sin sin ( )
C
ax b
x dx x C ax b dx C
a
ax b
x dx x C ax b dx C
a
ax b
dx x C dx C
a
x ax b
ax b
dx x C dx C
a
x ax b
= =
= =
= =
= =

i i
i i
i i
i i
3. Phng php tm nguyn hm
a) Phng php i bin: ( ) ( ). ( ) f t x t x dx F t x C
l l
=
l l

b) Phng php tng phn: . . u dv uv v du =

4. Cng thc tch phn
Vi ( ) F x l mt nguyn hm ca hm s ( ) f x trn on [ ; ] a b th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b
b
a
a
f x dx F x F b F a = =

5. Phng php i bin s (loi 2): xt ( ) . ( ).
b
a
I f t x t x dx
l

=
l
l

t ( ) t t x = ( ). dt t x dx
= (v 1 s biu thc khc nu cn)

C i cn: ( ) x b t t b = =
( ) x a t t a = =
C Thay vo:
( )
( )
( ).
t b
t a
I f t dt =
v tnh tch phn mi ny (bin t)

Vi dng tch phn i bin thng dng:

Dng tch phn Cch t c im nhn dng
( )
( )
t x
dx
t x
( ) t t x = mu
( )
( )
. ( )
t x
f e t x dx
( ) t t x = m
( )
( ) . ( ). f t x t x dx
( ) t t x = ngoc
( )
( ) . ( )
n
f t x t x dx
( )
n
t t x = cn
( )
ln
dx
f x
x
ln t x = lnx

(sin ). cos f x xdx
sin t x = cos . x dx i km biu thc theo sinx

(cos ). sin f x xdx
cos t x = sin . x dx i km biu thc theo cos x

2
(tan )
cos
dx
f x
x
tan t x =
2
cos
dx
x
i km biu thc theo tanx
2
(cot )
sin
dx
f x
x
cot t x =
2
sin
dx
x
i km biu thc theo cotx
( ).
ax ax
f e e dx

ax
t e =
ax
e dx i km biu thc theo
ax
e
i khi thay cch t ( ) t t x = bi . ( ) t mt x n = ta s gp thun li hn

- 35 -
6. Phng php tch phn tng phn
( )
. . .
b b b
a a a
u dv u v v du =

Vi dng tch phn i bin thng dng:
Vi ( ) P x l mt a thc, ta cn ch cc dng tch phn sau y
( ). sin . P x ax dx
, ta t
( )
sin .
u P x
dv ax dx
'
1
=
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( ). cos . P x ax dx
, ta t
( )
cos .
u P x
dv ax dx
'
1
=
1
!
1 =
1
1+

( ). .
ax
P x e dx
, ta t
( )
.
ax
u P x
dv e dx
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

. sin .
ax
e bx dx
, ta t
sin .
ax
u e
dv bx dx
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

(khong co )
( ). ln . ,
n
f x x dx
dx
x
ta t
ln
( ).
n
u x
dv f x dx
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+

7. Tnh din tch hnh phng
Cho hai hm s ( ) y f x = v
( ) y g x = u lin tc trn on
[ ; ] a b , H l hnh phng gii hn
bi cc ng:
1 2
( ) : ( ), ( ) : ( ), C y f x C y g x x a = = = v x b =
Khi , din tch ca hnh phng H l: ( ) ( )
b
a
S f x g x dx =

Lu :
Nu
2
( ) C l trc honh th ( ) 0 g x = v ( )
b
a
S f x dx =

tnh ( )
b
a
s x dx
ta xt du ( ) s x trn [ ; ] a b kh du
Nu ( ) 0, [ ; ] s x x a b th ( ) ( ).
b b
a a
s x dx s x dx =

Nu ( ) 0, [ ; ] s x x a b th ( ) ( ).
b b
a a
s x dx s x dx =

8. Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay
Hnh H gii hn bi: ( ) y f x = , Ox, , x a x b = =
Th tch vt th do hnh H quanh trc honh l:
2
[ ( )]
b
a
V f x dx =

Lu :
Cho H l hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
( ) y f x = , ( ) y g x = , , ( ) x a x b a b = =
Nu ( ) f x v ( ) g x lun cng du trn [ ; ] a b th
th tch vt th do H quay quanh trc Ox l:

2 2
( ) ( )
b
a
V f x g x dx =

V D MINH HO
2
( ) ln( 1) F x x x = l mt nguyn hm ca
hm s
2
( ) 1 f x x = trn
Bi gii
Ta c
2
2 2
1
2
1 1
2 2 2
1
( 1)
( ) ( ),
( 1) 1 1
x x
x
x x
x x
F x f x x
x x x x x x

= = = =

Vy,
2
( ) ln( 1) F x x x = l nguyn hm ca
2
( ) 1 f x x = trn
Bi 2 : Tm nguyn hm ( ) F x ca hm s
4 3
( )
x
x
e x
f x
xe
= tho mn
iu kin (1) 0 F =
Bi gii
Theo gi thit ( ) F x l nguyn hm ca hm s
4 3
( )
x
x
e x
f x
xe
= nn
4 3 4
( ) 3 4 ln 3
x
x x
x
e x
F x dx e dx x e C
x
xe

1
= = =

( )

Do (1) 0 F = nn
1
4 ln 1 3 0 e C
=
3 3
0
e e
C C = =
Vy,
3 3
( ) 4 ln
x
e
e
F x x = l nguyn hm cn tm.

- 37 -
Bi 3 : Tnh
3
0 2
3
1
x
A dx
x
=

2
3
1 cos
sin (1 cos )
x
C dx
x x

2
2
1
3 . .
x
B x e dx

4
2
ln 1
. ln
x
D dx
x x

Bi gii
Cu a:
3
0 2
3
1
x
A dx
x
=

t
2 2 2
1 1 t x t x = =
2 . 2 . . . t dt x dx t dt x dx = =
i cn: 3 x = 2 t =
0 x = 1 t =
Vy,
( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
3.
3. 3 6 3 3
tdt
A dt t
t
= = = = =

Cu b:
2
2
1
3 . .
x
B x e dx
t
2
t x =
1
2
2 dt xdx xdx dt = =
i cn: 2 x = 4 t =
1 x = 1 t =
Vy,
( )
4
4
4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1
1
3 .
2
t
t
e dt
B e e e = = =

Cu c:
2 2
3 3
2
1 cos sin
sin (1 cos )
(1 cos )
x x
C dx dx
x x
x

= =

t 1 cos sin . t x dt x dx = = sin . x dx dt =
i cn:
2
x

= 1 t =

3
x

=
3
2
t =
Vy,
( )
3 3
2 2
3
2
1
1
2 2
1 1
1
.
t
dt
C dt
t t
= = =

( )
2 1 1
3 1 3
= =
Cu d:
4
2
ln 1
. ln
x
D dx
x x
t
1
ln t x dt dx
x
= =
i cn: 4 x = 2 ln2 t =
2 x = ln2 t =
Vy,
( )
ln4
ln4 ln4
ln2 ln2
ln2
1 1
1 ln
t
D dx dt t t
t t
1
= = =

( )

( ) ( )
ln 4 ln ln 4 ln2 ln ln2 ln 4
l l
= =
l l
l l

Bi 4 : Tnh cc tch phn sau y:
2
0
( 1)sin E x xdx =

2
1
3 .
x
F x e dx

2
2
1
(3 1)ln . G x x dx =

Bi gii
Cu e:
2
0
( 1)sin E x xdx =
t
1
sin cos
u x du dx
dv xdx v x
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

Suy ra,
( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
( 1)cos cos 0 1 sin E x x xdx x = =

2
1 sin sin 0 0 = =

Cu f:
2
1
3 .
x
F x e dx
t
3 3
x x
u x du dx
dv e dx v e
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

Nh vy,
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 1
1
1 1
3 . 3 6 3 3
x x x
F x e e dx e e e

= =

2 2 1 2 2 2
3 3 3 6
6 3( ) 6 3 3 e e e e e e
e e e e
= = =
Cu g:
2
2
1
(3 1)ln . G x x dx =
t
2
3
1
ln
(3 1)
u x
du dx
x
dv x dx
v x x
'
1
'
1 1
=
=
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
=
1 1
=
1+
1
1+

( ) ( )
2 2
2
3 2 3
1 4
3 3
1
1 1
ln ( 1). 6 ln2 6 ln2 G x x x x dx x x = = =

Bi 5 : Tnh cc tch phn sau y
2
1
1
x
H x e dx
x
1

( )

2
2
0
( 1). I x x xdx =

3
2
1
2 1
e
t t
J dt
t

=

2
0
(1 2 sin )sin K a ada

Bi gii
Cu h:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1
( 1) 1.
x x x
H x e dx xe dx xe dx dx
x
1
= = =

( )

Xt
2
1
1
:
x
H xe dx =
t
x x
u x du dx
dv e dx v e
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
! !
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1 + +

- 39 -
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
1
1
1 1
. 2
x x x
H xe e dx e e e e = = = =

Xt
( )
2 2
2
1 1
1 2 1 1 H dx x = = = =

Vy,
2
1 2
1 H H H e = =
Cu i:
2 2 2
2 2 2
0 0 0
( 1). . 1. I x x x dx x dx x xdx = =

Xt
( )
2
2
2 3
1 8
1
3 3
0
0
I x dx x = = =

Xt
2
2
2
0
1. I x xdx =
. t
2
1 t x tdt xdx = =
i cn: 2 x = 5 t =
0 x = 1 t =
( )
5
5 5
2 3
1
2
3
1 1
1
. I t tdt t dt t = = =

5 5 1
3
=
Vy,
5 5 7
1 2
3
I I I

= =
Cu j:
3
2
2 2
2 1
2 1 1
1 1 2
1
2 ln
e
e e
t t
t
t t
t t
J dt t dt t

1
1

= = =

( )
( )

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1 3
2 2 1 2 2
2 ln 2 ln 1
e e
e e
e = =
Cu k:
2 2
2
0 0
(1 2 sin )sin (sin 2 sin ) K a ada a a da

= =

2
0
(sin 1 cos 2 ) a a da
( )
2
sin2
2
0
cos
a
a a
=
( ) ( )
sin sin0
2 2 2 2 2
cos cos 0 0 1 = =

Bi 6 : Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau y:
a)
3
3 2 y x x = , trc honh, 1 x = v 3 x =
b)
2
4 y x = v
2 4
2 y x x =
c)
3
2 y x x = v tip tuyn ca n ti im c honh bng 1
d)
3
y x x = v
2
y x x =

Hng dn gii v p s
Cu a: Xt
3
3
( ) 3 2
( ) ( ) 3 2
( ) 0
f x x x
f x g x x x
g x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Din tch cn tm l
2
3
1
3 2 S x x dx

Bng xt du ca
3
3 2 x x trn on [ 1; 2]
x 1 1 2
3
3 2 x x
+ 0 +
Vy,
( )
2
3
1
3 2 S x x dx
=
( )
4 2
2
3 21
4 2 4
1
2
x x
x
= =
Cu b: Xt
2
4 2
2 4
( ) 4
( ) ( ) 3 4
( ) 2
f x x
f x g x x x
g x x x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Cho
4 2
3 4 0 x x = 2 x =
Din tch cn tm l
2
4 2
2
3 4 S x x dx

Bng xt du ca
4 2
3 4 x x trn on [ 2; 2]
x 2 2
4 2
3 4 x x

( )
2
2
4 2 5 3
1 96
5 5
2
2
( 3 4) 4 S x x dx x x x

= = =

Cu c: HD: vit phng trnh tip tuyn tho (p s: 2 y x = )
Xt
3
3
( ) 2
( ) ( ) 3 2
( ) 2
f x x x
f x g x x x
g x x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Cho
3
3 2 0 1 x x x = = hoc 2 x =
Din tch cn tm l:
2
3
1
3 2 S x x dx

Bng xt du ca
3
3 2 x x trn on [ 1; 2]
x 1 2
3
3 2 x x

( )
2
2
3 4 2
27 1 3
4 2 4
1
1
( 3 2) 2 S x x dx x x x

= = =

1
- 41 -
Cu d: Xt
3
3 2
2
( )
( ) ( ) 2
( )
f x x x
f x g x x x x
g x x x
'
1
=
1
1
=
!
1
=
1
1+

Cho
3 2
2 0 2; 0; 1 x x x x x x = = = = .
Din tch cn tm l
1
3 2
2
2 S x x x dx

HD: xt du
3 2
2 x x x v a n cng thc
0 1
3 2 3 2
2 0
( 2 ) ( 2 ) S x x x dx x x x dx
=

( ) ( )
0 1
4 3 2 4 3 2
37 1 1 1 1
4 3 4 3 12
2 0
x x x x x x
= =
Bi 7 : Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay sinh ra khi quay hnh (H) quanh
trc Ox bit (H) gii hn bi: sin y x = ,Ox, 0 x = v
3
2
x

=
Bi gii
Ta c, ( ) sin f x x = . Xt on [ ]
3
2
0;

Th tch cn tm l:
3
2
2
0
(sin ) V x dx

3 3 3
2 2 2
2
0 0 0
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
sin
2 2 2
x x
V xdx dx dx

1
= = =

( )

( ) ( )

3
2
2
1 1 3 1 3
2 4 4 4 4
0
sin2 sin 3 .0 x x

= = =
BI TP V TCH PHN
a)
1
2
0
.(2 1) x x dx
b)
ln2
0
(3. 5)
x x
e e dx
c)
1
3
1
(2 3 ) x dx

d)
2
1
1
t
te t
dt
t

e)
2
1
(1 )
x
x
x e x
dx
xe

f)
2
3
1
3 2 t t
dt
t

g)
( )
2
2
1
1
t
t dt
h)
( )
2
1
2
2
x
x x dx
i)
1
3
0
(1 ) x x dx

j)
4
6
cos 4 . cos 3 x xdx

k)
6
4
sin 3 . sin . t t dt
l)
4
2
0
tan xdx

m)
1
2
0
1 .
cos
x
x
e
e dx
x

( )
n)
2 1
ln2
0
1
x
x
e
dx
e
o)
2
0
1 x dx

p)
3
2
1
2 5 t t
dt
t
q)
2
2
0
3 1
1
x x
dx
x

r)
1
2
1
3 1
( 1)
x
dx
x x

m)
3
6
2 2
2
tan cos
sin
x x
dx
x
n)
3
2
0
2 cos 2 1
cos
x
dx
x
o)
4
2
0
sin . x dx

a)
2
0
sin
1 3 cos
x
dx
x
b)
2
2
1
1
2 3
x
dx
x x
c)
2
1
1
0
.
x
x e dx

d)
1/
2
2
1
x
e
dx
x
e)
2
6
2
cos
(1 sin )
xdx
x
f)
2
0
4
1
(1 )
x
dx
x

g)
2
0
sin .
8 cos 1
x dx
x
h)
19
0 3 2
3
8
xdx
x
i)
2
1
1 ln
e
x
dx
x

j)
1
1
(1 ln )
e
e
dx
x x
k)
3
1
. 4 ln
e
dx
x x

l)
1
ln .
.(ln 3)
e
e
x dx
x x

m)
1
2012
0
( 1) x x dx
n)
1
2
0
1 x x dx
o)
7
3
0
. 1 x x dx

p)
2
2
3
sin . cos . x x dx
q)
4
0
sin2
. cos 2
x
e xdx

r)
0
5
4 . x x dx

s)
2
2
sin2
1 cos
x
dx
x
t)
1
2 2
0
4
(2 1)
x
dx
x
u)
ln3
0
1
x
dx
e

a)
1
0
( 1)
x
x e dx
b)
1
0
(2 1)
x
x e dx
c)
1
2 1
0
.
x
x e dx

d)
ln5
ln2
2 ( 1)
x
x e dx
e)
ln2
0
( 1)
x
x e dx
f)
2
0
2 . cos . x x dx

g)
4
0
(2 1)cos x xdx
h)
0
(1 )cos x xdx

i)
2
0
2 . sin x xdx

j)
4
0
( 1)sin2 x xdx
k)
4
0
sin2 x xdx
l)
1
ln .
e
x dx

m)
1
2 .(ln 1)
e
x x dx
n)
3
2
2 ln( 1) x x dx
o)
2
2
1
lnxdx
x

p)
3
2 2
0
( 1).
x
x e dx
q)
4
0
sin
x
e xdx
r)
4
1
x
e dx

- 43 -
a)
1
0
(3. 5 )
x x
e e x dx
b)
( )
0
cos x x x dx
c)
2
2
0
( )
x
x x e dx

d)
2
1
ln x x
dx
x
e)
4
1
x
x e
dx
x
f)
2
1
1 ln
e
x x
dx
x

g)
( )
1
ln 1
e
x x dx
h)
4
0
( cos )sin x x xdx
i)
2
1
( 2 )
x
x xe dx

j)
1
0
1
1
x
x
xe x
dx
e

k)
2
0
1 sin
1 cos
x
dx
x
l)
2
2
1
( 1). ln x x
dx
x

1)
( )
0
2
1
1
x
x
e
e dx
2)
2
1
( 1)
dx
x x
3)
6
0
cos
2 sin 1
xdx
x

4)
1
0
3 1. x dx
5)
2
1
(2 1)ln . x x dx
6)
1
ln( 1)
e
x dx

7)
2
2
1
1 ln x
dx
x
8)
4
1
ln .
e
x dx
x
9)
2 2
2
1
ln x x
dx
x

10)
1
0
2 1
1
x
dx
x
11)
4
1
( 2)
dx
x x
12)
3
2 2
0 2
1
x dx
x

13)
4
tan
2
0
cos
x
e dx
x

14)
2
0
cos sin
1 cos
x x
dx
x
15)
2
ln2
3
0
( 4)
x
x
e dx
e

16)
0
ln6
3.
x x
e e dx
17)
0
( cos )
x
x e x dx
18)
0
2 sin x xdx

19)
3
4
3
0
cos sin
cos
x x
dx
x
20)
2
1
(ln 1)
e
dx
x x
21)
2
1
ln .
(ln 2)
e
x dx
x x

22)
2
2
0
sin2 . sin . x x dx

23)
2 2
0
sin . cos x xdx
24)
1
0
(4 1)
x
x e dx

25)
2
1
ln 1
e
x x
dx
x
26)
2
0
sin2 .
1 cos
x dx
x
27)
2
0
sin2 .
3 sin 1
x dx
x

28)
0
(1 cos )cos . x x dx

29)
( )
2
0
4 1 x x dx
30)
1
0
( 3)
x
xe dx

31) ( cos 2) x x dx
32)
1
( ln 2)
e
x x x dx
33)
2
1
3
0
x
x e dx

BI TP V NG DNG HNH HC CA TCH PHN
Bi 13 : Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau y
a)
2
1 y x = , trc honh, 1 x = v 2 x =
b)
3 2
1 2
3 3
y x x = , trc honh, x = 0 v x = 2.
c)
3
12 y x x = v
2
y x = .
d)
2
2 y x x = v 2 y x = .
e)
3
1 y x = v tip tuyn ca n ti im c tung bng 2.
f)
3
3 2 y x x = v trc honh.
g)
2
2 y x x = v
2
4 y x x =
h)
2
2 y x x = v y x =
i)
3 2
y x x = v
( )
1
9
1 y x =
j) ( ) : 1 , 1 C xy x x = = v tip tuyn vi ( ) C ti im
( )
3
2
2; .
k)
3 1
, , 0
1
x
y Ox x
x
= =

l)
1
ln , ,
e
y x x x e = = = v trc honh.
m)
ln
1
x
y x
x
= , 1 y x = v x e =
Bi 14 : Tnh th tch cc vt th trn xoay khi quay cc hnh phng gii
hn bi cc ng sau y quanh trc km theo
a)
2
4 , y x x = trc honh, 0, 3 x x = = ( l trc honh)
b) cos , y x = trc honh, 0, x x = = ( l trc honh)
c) tan , y x = trc honh,
4
0, x x

= = ( l trc honh)
d) ,
x
y e x = trc honh v 1 x = ( l trc honh)
e)
2
,
2
y
x
=
trc honh, 0, 1 x x = = ( l trc honh)

f)
2
2 , 1 y x y = = ( l trc honh)
g)
2
2 y x x = v y x = ( l trc honh)
h)
3
2 1 y x = , 3 y = v trc tung ( l trc tung)
- 45 -
BI TP V NGUYN HM
2
1 2
( )
x
f x
x
= tha mn iu
kin ( 1) 3 F = .
2
( ) (2 ) f x x x = tha mn
iu kin ( 1) 3 F = .
2
(1 2 )
( )
x
f x
x
= tha mn
iu kin ( 1) 1 F = .
Bi 18 : Tm nguyn hm ( ) F x ca hm s ( ) cos (2 3 tan ) f x x x = bit
rng ( ) 1 F =
Bi 19 : Tm nguyn hm ( ) F x ca hm s ( ) (4 1)
x
f x x e = tha mn
iu kin (1) F e = .
2
1 ln
( )
x
f x
x
= tha mn
iu kin ( ) 0 F e = .
(1 ln )
( )
x
x x e
x
f x

= tha mn
iu kin (1) F e = .
Bi 22 : Chng minh rng hm s
2
( ) ( 1)
x
F x e x = l mt nguyn hm
ca hm s
2
( ) ( 1)
x
f x e x = trn .
Bi 23 : Chng minh rng hm s ( ) ln 3 F x x x x = l mt nguyn
hm ca hm s ( ) ln f x x = trn
.
4 4
( ) sin cos F x x x = v
1 cos 4
( )
4
x
G x

= l
nguyn hm ca cng mt hm s vi mi x thuc
Bi 25 : Tm gi tr ca tham s m
3 2
( ) (3 2) 4 3 F x mx m x x =
l mt nguyn hm ca hm s
2
( ) 3 10 4 f x x x = trn
Bi 26 : Tm a,b v c
2
( ) ( )
x
F x ax bx c e = l mt nguyn hm ca
hm s ( ) ( 3)
x
f x x e = trn

Phn Phn Phn Phn IV. S PH(C IV. S PH(C IV. S PH(C IV. S PH(C

1. Cc khi nim v php ton lin quan n s phc
n v o i:
2
1 i = i
3
i i = i
4
1 i = i
S phc z a bi = l s c phn thc l a v phn o b
Mun ca s phc z a bi = l:
2 2
z a b =
S phc lin hp ca s phc z a bi = l: z a bi =
Hai s phc bng nhau:
a c
a bi c di
b d
'
1
=
1
=
!
1 =
1
1+

Php cng hai s phc: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a bi c di a c b d i =
Php tr hai s phc: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a bi c di a c b d i =
Php nhn hai s phc: ( ).( ) ( ) ( ) a bi c di ac bd ad bc i =
Php chia hai s phc:
1 1 2
2 2 2
.
.
z z z
z z z
= (nhn c t ln mu cho
2
z )
S phc nghch o ca z l:
1
.
z
z z z
=
Mi s thc a m c 2 cn bc hai phc l: . a i
Ch : s phc ch c phn o (phn thc bng 0) gi l s thun o
2. Gii phng trnh bc hai h s thc ( < 0) trn tp s phc
Cho phng trnh bc hai va
2
0 ( , , 0) az bz c a b c a =
Tnh
2
4 b ac = v ghi kt qu di dng
2
( . ) i
Kt lun phng trnh c 2 nghim phc:
1
z =
2
b i
a

v
2
z =
2
b i
a

Lu :
Ch c dng cng thc nghim nu trn khi < 0
Trng hp 0 ta gii pt bc hai trn tp s thc (nh trc).
Khi gii phng trnh trng phng trn C, ta t
2
t z = (khng cn
iu kin cho t)
Nu dng bit thc
th cng thc tm hai nghim phc l

1
z =
b i
a

v
2
z =
b i
a

- 47 -
V D MINH HO
Bi 1 : Thc hin cc php tnh
a)(2 4 )(3 5 ) 7(4 3 ) i i i b)
2
(3 4 ) i c)
2
3 2
i
i

Bi gii
Cu a:
2
(2 4 )(3 5 ) 7(4 3 ) 6 10 12 20 28 21 i i i i i i i =
6 10 12 20 28 21 54 19 i i i i = =
Cu b:
2 2
(3 4 ) 9 24 16 9 24 16 7 24 i i i i i = = =
Cu c:
2
2 2 2
(2 )(3 2 )
2 6 4 3 2 6 2
8 1
3 2 (3 2 )(3 2 ) 13 13
3 4 3 4
i i
i i i i i
i i i
i
i

= = = =
Bi 2 : Tm mun ca s phc sau y
a)
2
3 2 (1 ) z i i = b)
3
(1 )(2 )
i
i i
z

=
Bi gii
Cu a:
2
3 2 (1 ) 3 2 3 2
2
1 2 1 2 1 z i i i i i i i = = =
2 2 2 2
3 4 3 4 5 z i z a b = = = =
Cu b:
2
3 3 3 3
(1 )(2 ) 2 2 1 3
2 2
1 1
i i i i
i i i i i
i i i
z z

= = = = = =
Bi 3 : Tm s phc nghch o ca s phc:
2
(1 ) (2 ) z i i =
Bi gii
2 2 2
(1 ) (2 ) (1 2 )(2 ) ( 2 )(2 ) 4 2 2 4 z i i i i i i i i i i = = = = =
Suy ra
2
2 4 2 4 2 4
1 1 1 1
2 4 (2 4 )(2 4 ) 20 10 5
4 16
i i i
z i i i
i
i

= = = = =
Bi 4 : Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc: 2 3 5 4 iz z i =
Bi gii
2 3 5 4 5 2 3 4 (5 2 ) 3 4 iz z i z iz i i z i = = =
2
2 2
(3 4 )(5 2 )
15 6 20 8
3 4 23 14
5 2 (5 2 )(5 2 ) 29 29
5 4
i i
i i i
i
i i i
i
z i

= = = =
Bi 5 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y trn tp s phc:
a)
2
2 0 z z = b)
4 2
2 3 0 z z = c)
3
1 0 z =
Bi gii
Cu a:
2 2
2 0 2 0 z z z z = = (1)

Ta c,
2 2
1 4.1.2 7 0 ( 7. ) i = = < =
Vy, phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phc phn bit
1 7 7
1
1
2 2 2
i
z i
= = v
1 7 7
1
2
2 2 2
i
z i
= =
Cu b:
4 2
2 3 0 z z = (2)
t
2
t z = , phng trnh (2) tr thnh:
2 3
2
1
0
3
t
t t
t
. T ,
2
2
1
1
3. 3
z
z
z i z

=
=

= =

Vy, phng trnh (2) c 4 nghim phc phn bit :
1 2 3
1, 1, 3. z z z i = = = v
4
3. z i =
Cu c:
3
(3)
2
2 (*)
1
1 0 ( 1)( 1) 0
1 0
z
z z z z
z z
= =

=

Gii
(*)
: ta c
2 2
( 1) 4.1.1 3 0 ( 3 ) i = = < =
(*)
c 2 nghim phc phn bit:
1 3
1
2
i
z

= ;
1 3
2
2
i
z

=
Vy, phng trnh (3) c 3 nghim phc phn bit
1
1 z = ,
3 1
2
2 2
z i = v
3 1
3
2 2
z i =
Bi 6 : Tm mun ca s phc z bit:
a) 3 (3 )(1 ) 2 iz i i = b) 5 11 17 iz z i =
Bi gii
Cu a:
2
3 (3 )(1 ) 2 3 3 3 2 iz i i iz i i i = =
3 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 iz i i iz i = =
2 2
3
i
i
z

=
2 2
3 3
z i =
2 2
z a b = =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
3 3 3
=
Cu b: Vi ( , ) z a bi a b = ta c z a bi = , do
5 11 17 ( ) 5( ) 11 17 iz z i i a bi a bi i = =
2
5 5 11 17 (5 ) ( 5 ) 11 17 ia bi a bi i a b a b i i = =
2 2
5 11 3
3 4 3 4 5
5 17 4
a b a
z i z
a b b
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
= = =
! !
1 1 = =
1 1
1 1 + +

- 49 -
III. BI TP V S PHC
Bi 7 : Thc hin cc php tnh
a)
2
(1 ) i b)
2
(3 4 ) i c)
2
( 2 ) i d)
3
(2 3 ) i
e)
3
(1 3 ) i f)
2012
(1 ) i g)
2012
(1 ) i h)
2012
(1 3 ) i
i)
2 3
3
i
i
j)
4 2
1
i
i

k)
2 4i
i
l)
1
2 i

m)
2
1
1
i
i
1

( )
n)
5
1
1
i
i
1

( )
o)
2
2
(2 ) i
p)
(2 1)
1
i i
i

Bi 8 : Xc nh phn thc, phn o v mun ca cc s phc sau y:
a)(2 4 )(3 5 ) 7(4 3 ) i i i b)(1 4 )(2 3 ) 5( 1 3 ) i i i
c)
2
(1 2 ) (2 3 )(3 2 ) i i i d)
2
(2 3 ) (1 3 )(5 2 ) i i i
e)
2 2
(1 2 ) (1 2 ) i i f)
2 2
(1 3 ) (1 3 ) i i
g)
5
(4 5 ) (4 3 ) i i
l

l
l
h)
3
(5 ) (2 7 ) i i
l

l
l

i)
(2 ) (1 )(4 3 )
3 2
i i i
i

j)
(2 ) (1 )(1 3 )
3 9
i i i
i

k)
(3 4 )(1 2 )
4 3
1 2
i i
i
i

l)
(2 3 )(1 2 )
(2 4 )
1
i i
i
i

Bi 9 : Gii cc phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
a) 3 8 5 4 z i i = b)
2
2 (2 ) 2 3 iz i i =
c) (3 ) (1 )(4 2 ) i z i i = d)
2
(1 ) (1 ) 2 3 i z i i =
e)
2 1 3
1 2
i i
z
i i

=

f)
2 1 3
1 2 2
i i
z
i i

=

g) (2 ) 3 2 i z i i = h) 2 . 1 5. 2 i z z i =
i) 2 3 5 4 iz z i = j) 3 . 5 3 z i z i =
k) 2 6 2 z z i = l) 3 7 5 iz z i =
m) 3 2 5 2 z z i = n) . 2 2 5 i z z i =
Bi 10 : Tnh . z i z , bit rng: a)
2
(1 2. ) z i = b)
3
4
(1 )
(1 )
i
i
z

=
Bi 11 : Tm s phc nghch o ca cc s phc sau y:
a) 3 4 z i = b) (4 )(2 3 ) z i i = c)
2
(2 ) z i i =
Bi 12 : Cho
1 2
2 3 , 1 z i z i = = . Tnh
2
1 2
. z z ;
1 2
z z v
1 2
3 z z

Bi 13 : Cho 2 3 z i = . Tm phn thc, phn o v mun ca
7
5
z i
iz

Bi 14 : Cho
1
z =
( )
3
3
1
2 2
i v
2
z =
( )
3
3
1
2 2
i . Tnh
1 2
. z z
Bi 15 : Gii cc phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
a)
2
2 0 z = b)
2
4 9 0 z = c)
2
4 8 0 z z =
d)
2
2 2 5 0 z z = e)
2
2 17 0 z z = f)
2
3 3 0 z z =
g)
3
4 0 z z = h)
3 2
7 4 z z z = i)
3
8 0 z =
j)
4 2
2 3 0 z z = k)
4 2
2 3 5 0 z z = l)
4
9 16 0 z =
m)
2
2 4 9 0 z z = n)
2
2 5 3 0 z z = o)
2
4 11 0 z z =
Bi 16 : Cho
1 2
, z z l hai nghim phc ca phng trnh
2
5 2 1 0 z z =
Chng minh rng tng nghch o ca
1
z v
2
z bng 2.
Bi 17 : Cho
1 2
2
4 5 0 z z =
Chng minh rng
2 2
1 2
6 z z =
Bi 18 : Cho
1 2
2
5 2 2 0 z z =
Chng minh rng
1 2 1 2
. z z z z =
Bi 19 : Cho
1 2
2
3 2 4 0 z z =
Tnh gi tr biu thc
1 2 1 2
. A z z z z =
Bi 20 : Cho
1 2
2
3 2 1 0 z z =
v
2
z c phn o l mt s m. Tnh
1 2
2 z z
Bi 21 : Tm s phc z c phn thc v phn o bng nhau v 2 2 z =
Bi 22 : Cho hai s phc ( 1) z m m i = v 2 (2 3 ) z n n i
= , vi
, m n . Tm z v z
bit rng 1 7 z z i
= .
Bi 23 : Cho s phc ( 1) , z m m i m = . Tm z bit rng 5 z = .
Bi 24 : Cho s phc ( 1) ( 1) , z m m i m = . Tm z bit . 10 z z = .
Bi 25 : Cho s phc 2 ( 2) , z m m i m = . Tm z bit rng
2
z l
mt s phc c phn thc bng 5 .
Bi 26 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y trn tp cc s phc
a) 5( 1)( 1) 2(4 5) 0 z z z = b)
2
2(2 1) (17 6) 0 z z z =
Bi 27 : Tm tp hp cc im biu din cho s phc z trn mp phc bit
a) 1 z i = b) 1 2 z z = c) 1 z z i =
- 51 -
Phn V. Phn V. Phn V. Phn V. PHNG PHP TO+ - PHNG PHP TO+ - PHNG PHP TO+ - PHNG PHP TO+ - TRONG KHNG GIAN TRONG KHNG GIAN TRONG KHNG GIAN TRONG KHNG GIAN

1. H to Oxyz
Gm 3 trc Ox,Oy,Oz i mt vung gc nhau
c vct n v ln lt l: , , i j k

2. To ca im
a) nh ngha
( ; ; ) . . .
M M M M M M
M x y z OM x i y j z k =

b) To ca cc im c bit
* Trung im I ca on AB

* Trng tm G ca tam gic ABC

2
2
2
A B
I
A B
I
A B
I
x x
x
y y
y
z z
z
'
1

1
= 1
1
1
1
1
1
! =
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

3
3
3
A B C
G
A B C
G
A B C
G
x x x
x
y y y
y
z z z
z
'
1

1
= 1
1
1
1
1
1
! =
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+

* Hnh chiu vung gc ca im ( ; ; )
M M M
M x y z ln:
Trc Ox :
1
( ; 0; 0)
M
M x mp( ) Oxy :
12
( ; ; 0)
M M
M x y
Trc Oy :
2
(0; ; 0)
M
M y mp( ) Oxz :
13
( ; 0; )
M M
M x z
Trc Oz :
3
(0; 0; )
M
M z mp( ) Oyz :
23
(0; ; )
M M
M y z
3. To ca vct
a) nh ngha:
1 2 3 1 2 3
( ; ; ) . . . a a a a a a i a j a k = =

b) Cng thc to ca vct
* Nu ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
A A A B B B
A x y z B x y z th ( ; ; )
B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z =

* Nu
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a =
,
1 2 3
( ; ; ) b b b b =
th

1 1 2 2 3 3
( ; ; ) a b a b a b a b =

1 1 2 2 3 3
( ; ; ) a b a b a b a b =

1 2 3
. ( ; ; ) k a ka ka ka =
, k
c) iu kin cng phng ca hai vct
* Cho
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a =
,
1 2 3
( ; ; ) b b b b =
v 0 b

. Khi ,
a
cng phng vi b
tn ti s thc t sao cho . a t b =

1 1
2 2
3 3
a b
a b a b
a b
'
1
=
1
1
1
= =
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

4. Tch v hng ca hai vct
a) Cng thc: Nu
1 2 3
1 2 3
( ; ; )
( ; ; )
a a a a
b b b b
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
th
1 1 2 2 3 3
. . . . a b a b a b a b =

b) ng dng:
2 2 2
1 2 3
a a a a =

AB AB =
.
cos( , )
.
a b
a b
a b
=

. 0 a b a b =

, vi
0
0
a
b
'
1

1
1
!
1

1
1+

5. Tch c hng ca hai vct
a) nh ngha
Cho
1 2 3
1 2 3
( ; ; )
( ; ; )
a a a a
b b b b
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
. Khi , vct [ ]
2 3 1 3 1 2
2 3 1 3 1 2
, ; ;
a a a a a a
a b
b b b b b b
1

( )

c gi l tch c hng ca hai vct a
v b
.
b) Lu : Nu [ , ] n a b =

th n a

v n b

(gi s 0, 0, 0 a b n

)
c) ng dng 1: Cho ba vct khc 0
ln lt l , , a b c

. Khi ,
a
v b
cng phng vi nhau [ , ] 0 a b =

, a b
v c
ng phng vi nhau [ , ]. 0 a b c =

A,B,C thng hng [ , ] 0 AB BC =

A,B,C,D ng phng [ , ]. 0 AB AC AD =

d) ng dng 2: (tnh din tch)
Din tch hnh bnh hnh ABCD
[ , ]
ABCD
S AB AD =

Din tch tam gic ABC:
ABC
S
1
2
[ , ] AB AC =

e) ng dng 3: (tnh th tch)
Th tch khi hnh hp . ABCD A B C D

[ , ].
hh
V AB AD AA
=

Th tch khi t din ABCD:
ABCD
V =
1
6
[ , ]. AB AC AD

- 53 -
V D MINH HO
Bi 1 : Trong h to ( , , , ) O i j k

cho 2 3 OA i j k =

,
4 3 2 , (2; 7;1) OB i j k BC = =

v (4;1; 7) A

a) Chng minh rng A,B,C l 3 nh ca mt tam gic vung.
b) Chng minh rng ( ) AA ABC

c) Tnh th tch khi t din A ABC
.
d) Xc nh to cc nh cn li ca hnh hp . ABCD A B C D

Bi gii
T gi thit ta c (2;1; 3), (4; 3; 2), (6; 4; 1), (4;1; 7) A B C A

Cu a:
(2; 2;1)
. 8 10 2 0
(4; 5; 2)
AB
AB AC AB AC
AC
'
1
=
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1
+

Vy, ABC l tam gic vung ti A
Cu b: Ta c, (2; 0; 4) AA
v (2; 2;1), (4; 5; 2) AB AC = =

Do ,
. 2.2 0.2 4.1 0
. 2.4 0.( 5) 4.2 0
AA AB
AA AC
'
1

= =
1
1
!
1

= =
1
1
+

( )
AA AB
AA ABC
AA AC
'
1

1

!
1
1
1+

Cu c:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 1 3
4 ( 5) 2 3 5
AB
AC
'
1
= = 1
1
!
1
= = 1
1
+
. 9 5
2 2
ABC
AB AC
S
= =

2 2 2
2 0 ( 4) 2 5 h AA
= = =
Vy,
9 5.2 5 1 1
3 3 3.2
. 15
A ABC ABC
V h S AA

= = = = B.
Cu d: ABCD l hnh bnh hnh AD BC =

2 2 4
1 7 6. (4; 6; 2)
3 1 2
D D
D D
D D
x x
y y D
z z
' '
1 1
= =
1 1
1 1
1 1
= =
! !
1 1
1 1
= = 1 1
1 1
+ +

Tng t, (6; 3; 6) B
, (6; 6; 6) D
, (8; 4; 5) C

BI TP V TO CA IM, TO CA VCT
Bi 2 : Trong h to Oxyz, cho cc im (2; 0; 1), (3; 2; 3), ( 1;1;1) A B C
a) Chng minh rng A,B,C l ba nh ca mt tam gic.
b) Xc nh to nh D v tm I ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD.
c) Tm to im M sao cho 2 AM OB AC =

Bi 3 : Trong h to Oxyz, cho cc im (2; 2; 1), (2;1; 0), (1;1; 1) A B C
a) Chng minh rng ABC l tam gic u.
b) Cho im (4; 0; 3) A
. Xc nh to cc im B
v C

. ABC A B C

l mt hnh lng tr.
c) Chng minh rng . ABC A B C

l mt lng tr u.

cho 3 2 3 OM i j k =

v A,B,C ln
lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca M ln cc trc to Ox,Oy,Oz.
a) Chng minh rng ABC l tam gic cn.
b) Tnh th tch t din OABC, t tnh khong cch t gc to
n mt phng ( ) ABC

cho 3 2 3 ON i j k =

v A,B,C ln
lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca im N ln cc mt phng to
Oxy, Oyz, Oxz.
a) Tnh din tch tam gic ABC v th tch ca t din NABC.
b) Tnh khong cch t im N n mt phng ( ) ABC
Bi 6 : Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, chng minh rng (0; 0; 0) O ,
A(0;1;2),B(2;3;1),C(2;2;1) l bn nh ca mt hnh ch nht.

cho t din ABCD sao cho
(2; 4; 1), 4 , (2; 4; 3), (0; 2; 0) A OB i j k C AD = =

a) Chng minh rng AB, AC v AD i mt vung gc vi nhau.
b) Tnh din tch tam gic ABC v th tch t din ABCD.
Bi 8 : Trong h to Oxyz

cho (2;1; 3), (4; 3; 2), (6; 4; 1) A B C
a) Chng minh rng A,B,C l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung.
b) Tm to im D A,B,C,D l 4 nh ca mt hnh ch nht
Bi 9 : Tm to cc nh cn li ca hnh hp . ABCDA B C D

bit
rng (2; 4; 1), (1; 4; 1), (2; 4; 3), (2; 2; 1) A B C OA

Bi 10 :Tm im N trn Oy cch u hai im (3;1; 0) A v ( 2; 4;1) B
Bi 11 :Tm im M trn mt phng ( ) Oxz cch u ba im (1;1;1) A ,
( 1;1; 0) B v (3;1; 1) C
- 55 -
6. Phng trnh mt cu
a) Dng 1: mt cu ( ) S tm I(a;b;c), bn knh R c phng trnh:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
( ) x a y b z c R =

b) Dng 2: vi iu kin
2 2 2
0 a b c d th
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d =
l phng trnh mt cu Tm I(a;b;c)
Bn knh
2 2 2
R a b c d =
c) iu kin tip xc ca mt cu S(I,R) vi mp(P): ( , ( )) d I P R =
7. Phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng
a) nh ngha: vct php tuyn ca mt mt phng l vct khc vct
0
c gi vung gc vi mt phng .
b) Cng thc: Nu mt phng ( ) P i qua im
0 0 0 0
( ; ; ) M x y z v c vct
php tuyn ( ; ; ) 0 n A B C =

th ( ) P c phng trnh tng qut l:

0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 A x x B y y C z z =
c) Mt s lu :
Mt phng ( ) : 0 P Ax By Cz D = c vtpt ( ; ; ) n A B C =

Nu mt phng ( ) P song song hoc cha gi ca hai vct khng
cng phng a
v b
th ( ) P c vct php tuyn [ , ] n a b =

.
Cho trc mt phng ( ) : 0 Q Ax By Cz D = . Nu ( )( ) P Q
th ( ) P c phng trnh dng 0 Ax By Cz D
= (D D
)
d) Cch xc nh vct php tuyn cho mt phng

Nu ( ) P AB th ( ) P c vtpt n AB =

ng thng d c vtcp
d
u
. Nu ( ) P d th ( ) P c vtpt
d
n u =

Mt phng trung trc ca on MN c vtpt n MN =

Cho mt cu ( ) S tm I. Nu mt phng ( ) P
tip xc vi ( ) S ti H th mt phng ( ) P c
vct php tuyn n IH =

Hnh 1
Hnh 2 Hnh 3
Hnh 4


Mt phng ( ) ABC c vct php tuyn [ , ] n AB BC =

Cho d v d
cho nhau c vtcp ln lt l

d
u
v .
d
u
Nu ( ) P cha d
v song song vi d
th ( ) P c vtpt [ , ]
d d
n u u
=

Cho ng thng d c vtcp
d
u
v mt phng ( ) Q c vtpt
Q
n
khng
vung gc vi d. Nu ( ) P cha d v vung gc vi ( ) Q th ( ) P c
vct php tuyn [ , ]
d Q
n u n =

Cho ( ) v ( ) ct nhau c vtpt ln lt l
n
v n
. Nu ( ) P vung gc vi c ( ) ln
( ) th ( ) P c vtpt [ , ] n n n

=

e) Phng trnh mt phng theo on chn
Mt phng ( ) P i qua ba im phn bit ( ; 0; 0) A a ,
(0; ; 0), (0; 0; ) B b C c vi 0 abc c phng trnh
1
x y z
a b c
=
f) Khong cch t im M
o
n mt phng (P)

0
( , ( )) d M P =
0 0 0
2 2 2
Ax By Cz D
A B C

8. Phng trnh ca ng thng
a) nh ngha: vct ch phng (vtcp) ca mt ng thng l vct
khc vct 0
c gi song song hoc trng vi ng thng .

b) Phng trnh ca ng thng
Cho ng thng d i qua im
0 0 0 0
( ; ; ) M x y z v c vtcp ( ; ; ) u a b c =

Phng trnh tham s ca d:
0
0
0
( )
x x at
y y bt t
z z ct
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Phng trnh chnh tc ca d:
0 0 0
x x y y z z
a b c

= = (vi 0 abc )
Hnh 5 Hnh 6 Hnh 7
Hnh 8
- 57 -
c) Cch xc nh vct ch phng cho ng thng d

Hnh 1 Hnh 2 Hnh 3
d i qua 2 im A v B phn bit th d c vtcp u AB =

Cho ng thng c vtcp u
. Nu d th d c vtcp u u
=

Cho mt phng ( ) P c vtpt
P
n
. Nu d (P) th d c vtcp
P
u n =

Hnh 4 Hnh 5 Hnh 6
Cho hai vct khng cng phng a
v b
. Nu d vung gc vi gi
ca 2 vct a
v b
th d c vtcp [ , ] u a b =

Cho ng thng c vtcp u
v mt phng ( ) P c vtpt .
P
n
Nu
d song song vi ( ) P v vung gc vi th d c vtcp [ ] ,
P
u n u
=

Cho hai mt phng ( ) P v ( ) Q ln lt c vtpt
P
n
v
Q
n
.
Nu d l giao tuyn ca ( ) P v ( ) Q th d c vtcp [ ] ,
P Q
u n n =

Cho hai ng thng
1
d v
2
d ln lt c vtcp
1
u
v
2
u
khng
cng phng. Nu d vung gc vi
1
d v
2
d th d c vtcp
1 2
[ , ] u u u =

V D MINH HO
Bi 12 : Cho A(1;3;1), B(2;1;2), C(0;2; 6) v ( ) : 2 2 1 0 P x y z =
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm B, i qua A
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu ng knh BC.
c) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm C, tip xc vi mt phng ( ) P
d) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din OABC.
Bi gii
Cu a: Gi
1
( ) S l mt cu tm B(2;1;2) v i qua im A. Khi
Tm ca mt cu
1
( ) S l: B(2;1;2)
Bn knh ca
1
( ) S l:
2 2 2
1
1 ( 2) 1 6 R AB = = =
Phng trnh ca
1
( ) S :
2 2 2
( 2) ( 1) ( 2) 6 x y z =

Cu b: Gi
2
( ) S l mt cu ng knh BC. Khi ,
Tm ca
2
( ) S l: (1 2)
3
2
; ; I (trung im ca on BC)
Bn knh ca
2
( ) S :
69
2 2
BC
R = = , trong
2 2 2
( 2;1; 8) ( 2) 1 ( 8) 69 BC BC = = =

Phng trnh ca
2
( ) S l
2 2 2
3 69
2 4
( 1) ( ) ( 2) x y z =
Cu c: Gi
3
( ) S l mt cu tm C(0;2;6), tip xc vi ( ) P . Khi
3
( ) S
Tm ca
3
( ) S l: C(0;2;6)
Bn knh ca :
3
( ) S
3
( , ( )) R d C P =
2 2 2
0 2.2 2( 6) 1
1 ( 2) 2
5

= =
Phng trnh ca
3
( ) S :
2 2 2
( 2) ( 6) 25 x y z =
Cu d: Gi s
2 2 2
4
( ) : 2 2 2 0 S x y z ax by cz d = l mt cu
i qua O(0;0;0),A(1;3;1),B(2;1;2),C(0;2; 6) th d = 0 v
9
2
13
10
29
10
11 2 6 2 0 2 6 2 11
9 4 2 4 0 4 2 4 9
40 4 12 0 4 12 40
a a b c a b c
a b c a b c b
b c b c c
' ' '
1 1 1 = = =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
= = =
! ! !
1 1 1
1 1 1
= = = 1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + +

M
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
9 13 29
2 10 10
0 a b c d = nn phng trnh ca
mt cu
4
( ) S cn tm l
2 2 2
9 x y z x
13 29
5 5
0 y z =
Bi 13 : Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) ( ) i qua (1; 2; 2) A v vung gc vi OM bit (3; 1; 2) M
b) ( ) l mt trung trc ca on MN vi (2; 3;1), ( 4;1; 5) M N
c) ( ) i qua ba im (0;1; 2), ( 3;1; 4), (1; 2; 1) A K D .
d) ( ) i qua hai im A, B v song song vi ng thng CD bit
(1;1;1), (2;1; 2), ( 1; 2; 2), (2;1; 1) A B C D
Bi gii
Cu a: Do mt phng ( ) i qua (1; 2; 2) A v vung gc vi OM nn
im thuc mt phng ( ) l: (1; 2; 2) A
Vct php tuyn ca ( ) : (3; 1; 2) n OM = =

Phng trnh ca mt phng ( ) l:
3( 1) 1.( 2) 2( 2) 0 x y z = 3 2 9 0 x y z =
- 59 -
Cu b: Do ( ) l mt phng trung trc ca on MN nn
im thuc : ( ) ( 1; 2; 3) I (trung im on MN)
Vtpt ca : ( ) ( 6; 2; 4) n MN = =

Phng trnh ca ( ) (p s): 3 2 7 0 x y z =
Cu c: Do ( ) i qua 3 im (0;1; 2), ( 3;1; 4), (1; 2; 1) A K D nn
im thuc mt phng ( ) l: A(0;1;2)
Vct php tuyn ca ( ) l:

0 2 3 2 3 0
[ , ] ; ; (6; 7; 9)
3 5 4 5 4 3
n AK KD
1

= = =

( )

trong ( 3; 0; 2) AK =
v (4; 3; 5) KD =

6 7( 1) 9( 2) 0 6 7 9 11 0 x y z x y z = =
Cu d: Do ( ) i qua A, B v song song vi CD nn
im thuc mt phng ( ) l: A(1;1;1)
Vct php tuyn ca ( ) l:
0 1 1 1 1 0
[ , ] ; ; (1; 6; 1)
1 3 3 3 3 1
n AB CD
1
= = =

( )

trong (1; 0;1) AB =
v (3; 1; 3) CD =

1( 1) 6( 1) 1( 1) 0 6 6 0 x y z x y z = =
Bi 14 : Trong khng gian Oxyz cho mt phng : ( ) 2 2 30 0 P x y z =
v mt cu
2 2 2
( ) : 2 6 8 1 0 S x y z x y z = . Vit phng
trnh mt phng ( ) bit
a) ( ) tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S ti im H(1;1;1) thuc ( ) S
b) ( ) tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S v song song vi mt phng ( ) P
Bi gii
Cu a: Mt cu ( ) S c tm (1; 3; 4) I v bn knh 5 R = =
Do ( ) tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S ti H nn
im thuc ( ) l: H(1;1;1)
Vtpt ca ( ) l: (0; 4; 3) n IH = =

Phng trnh ca ( ) : 4 3 1 0 y z =

Cu b: Do ( )( ) P nn ( ) : 2 2 0 ( 30) x y z D D =
Do ( ) tip xc vi ( ) S nn ( ,( )) d I R =
(loai) hoac (nhan)
2 2 2
1 2( 3) 2.4
1 ( 2) 2
5 30 0
D
D D

= = =

Vy phng trnh ca ( ) l 2 2 0 x y z =
Bi 15 : Cho tam gic ABC c (0;1; 2), ( 3;1; 4), (1; 2; 1) A B C .
Vit phng trnh ng thng d trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) d l ng trung tuyn ng vi cnh BC ca tam gic ABC.
b) d l ng thng vung gc vi mt phng ( ) ABC ti C.
Bi gii
Cu a: Trung im ca cnh BC l:
1 3
2 2
( 1; ; ) I
im thuc trung tuyn AI l: (0;1; 2) A
Vtcp ca AI l:
3 1
2 2
( 1; ; ) u AI = =
hay (2; 3;1) u

Phng trnh chnh tc ca trung tuyn AI l
1
2
2 3 1
y
x z

= =
Cu b: ng thng d vung gc vi mt phng ( ) ABC ti C nn
im thuc d l: (1; 2; 1) C
Vtcp ca d cng l vtpt ca mt ( ) ABC :
[ , ] (6; 7; 9)
d
u n AB BC = = = =

trong , ( 3; 0;2), (4; 3; 5) AB BC = =

Phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng d l
2
1 1
6 7 9
y
z x

= =
BI TP V PHNG TRNH MT CU
Bi 16 : Vit phng trnh mt cu ( ) S trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) ( ) S c tm (1; 0; 1) I v ng knh bng 8.
b) ( ) S c tm (2;1; 2) I v i qua im (3; 2; 1) A .
c) ( ) S c ng knh AB vi A(6;2;5) v B(4;0;7).
d) ( ) S c tm ( 2;1; 5) T v tip xc vi mp( ) : 3 3 0 x y =
e) ( ) S c tm (2; 3; 1) K v i qua tm I ca mt cu sau y
2 2 2
2 6 6 0 x y z y z =
f) ( ) S c ng knh ON vi ( 1; 4; 2) N
g) ( ) S c tm I(6;3;4) v tip xc vi mt phng Oxy.
h) ( ) S c tm I(6;3;4) v tip xc vi trc tung Oy.
- 61 -
Bi 17 : Vit phng trnh mt cu ( ) S trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) ( ) S ngoi tip t din OABC vi A(2;2;3),B(1;2;4),C(1;3;1)
b) ( ) S i qua gc to v cc hnh chiu ca im M(2;1;3) ln
lt ln cc trc to .
c) ( ) S i qua cc im A(3;0;1),B(2;1;1),C(0;7;0) v D(2;1;3)
d) ( ) S i qua ba im A(1;2;4),B(1;3;1),C(2;2;3) v c tm nm
trn mt phng Oxy.
Bi 18 :Cho (35; 3;14), (4; 2; 6), (5; 3; 1), (6; 8; 2), (5; 5; 4) S A B C D .
a) Chng minh rng, S.ABCD l hnh chp c y l mt hnh
vung v cnh bn SA vung gc vi mt y.
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
BI TP V PHNG TRNH MT PHNG
Bi 19 :Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) trong cc trng hp sau y:
a) ( ) i qua im (7; 2; 1) A , vung gc vi ng thng BE vi
(2; 2; 3) B v ( 1; 0; 6) E
b) ( ) l mt phng trung trc ca on AK vi , (1;1; 3) (2; 5;1) A K
c) ( ) i qua ( 2; 2; 6) C v song song vi : ( ) 2 1 0 x y z =
d) ( ) tip xc vi mt cu
2 2 2
( ) : ( 1) ( 1) 9 S x y z = ti
im (3;1; 1) H thuc mt cu ( ) S
e) ( ) song song vi mt phng ( ) : 2 3 6 6 0 Q x y z = ng
thi tip xc vi mt cu
2 2 2
( ) : 4 2 4 0 S x y z x z =
f) ( ) i qua O v vung gc vi ng thng
1 3
2 1 3
:
y
x z
d

= =
g) ( ) vung gc vi ng thng
1
2
1 3 2
:
y
x z
d

= = ti im M
trn d c honh bng 2.
Bi 20 :Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) P trong cc trng hp sau y
a) ( ) P i qua ba im ( 2;1; 0), (3; 3; 4) A B v (1; 0; 1) C
b) ( ) P i qua hai im ( 1; 2;1), (0; 3; 0) A B ng thi song song
vi ng thng CD vi (1;1;1), (0; 5; 2) C D
c) ( ) P i qua hai im O v ( 1; 2; 3) A ng thi vung gc vi
mt phng ( ) : 0 Q x y z =
d) ( ) P i qua im ( 2;1;1) G v cha trc honh.
e) ( ) P i qua hnh chiu vung gc ca (1; 2; 1) I ln Ox,Oy v Oz

f) ( ) P cha ng thng
1
d ng thi song song vi ng thng

2
d , bit
1
1 1
1
1
: 2
3 2
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v
2
2
2
3
: 0
1
x t
d y
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

g) ( ) P i qua im (0; 2;1) I v cha ng thng :
1
2 3
y
x
z
= =
h) ( ) P i qua im (3; 2; 1) A ng thi vung gc vi giao tuyn
ca ( ) : 2 0 x y z = v ( ) : 2 3 1 0 x y z =
BI TP V PHNG TRNH NG THNG
Bi 21 :Vit phng trnh tham s ca cc ng thng d sau y:
a) d i qua hai im A(2;3;5) v B(1;2;3)
b) d i qua im A(1;1;3) ng thi song song vi ng thng
BC bit B(1;2;0), C(1;1;2).
c) d i qua A(1;0;2) v vung vi mt phng 7 0 x y z =
d) d i qua ( 2; 2;1) N v song song vi
1 2
2 1
:
x z
y

= =
e) d i qua tm I ca mt cu ( ) S v song song vi trc tung bit
2 2 2
( ) : ( 1) ( 2) 3 S x y z =
f) d i qua giao im ca mt cu ( ) S vi trc tung ng thi
vung gc vi mt phng ( ) : 2 3 1 0 P x y z = , bit mt
cu ( ) S c phng trnh
2 2 2
2 4 3 4 0 x y z x y z =
Bi 22 :Vit phng trnh tham s ca cc ng thng d sau y:
a) d i qua im ( 1;1; 0) I v vung gc vi c hai ng thng
1
:
2
1 3
1 2 2
y
x z

= = ;
2
:
3 1
1 1 3
y
x z
= =
b) d i qua im ( 2;1; 3) K , song song vi ( ) : 2 2 0 x z =
ng thi vung gc vi ng thng
1
3 2
2 1 5
:
y
x z

= =
c) d l giao tuyn ca : ( ) 3 2 0 x y z = v : ( ) 3 2 0 x y =
d) d l ng trung trc ca on thng MN trong mt phng
( ) OMN bit (2;1; 4), (0; 5; 2) M N
e) d vung gc vi trc tung, song song vi mt phng 2 1 x y =
ng thi i qua tm I ca mt cu
2 2 2
4 5 0 x y z y =
Bi 23 : Vit phng trnh tham s ca cc ng thng sau y
a)
1
: d
1
3 5
2 1 2
y
x z
= = b)
2
: d
4
1
2 3 2
y
x z
= =
- 63 -
Tnh [ ]
1 2
, n u u =

Xt
1
M v
2
d
1
d cho
2
d
1
d ct
2
d
1 2
d d
1 2
d d
Tnh
1 2
. T n M M =

0 n =

0 n

1 2
M d
1 2
M d
0 T
0 T =
(
1
u
,
2
u
cng phng)
(
1
u
,
2
u
khng cng phng)

9. V tr tng i gia hai mt phng
Cho mt phng ( ) : 0 P Ax By Cz D = c vtpt ( ; ; ) n A B C =

v mt phng ( ) : 0 Q A x B y C z D

= c vtpt ( ; ; ) n A B C

=

a) Hai mt phng song song vi nhau

.
( )( )
.
n k n
P Q
D k D
'
1
=
1
!
1
1
1+

(Nu , , , A B C D

u khc 0 th ( )( )
A B C D
A B C D
P Q

= = )
b) Hai mt phng trng nhau

.
( ) ( )
.
n k n
P Q
D k D
'
1
=
1

!
1 =
1
1+

(Nu , , , A B C D

u khc 0 th ( ) ( )
A B C D
A B C D
P Q

= = = )
c) Hai mt phng ct nhau
cat ( ) ( ) P Q n

v n
khng cng phng vi nhau.

% Hai mt phng vung gc nhau
( ) ( ) . 0 P Q n n n n

=

10. V tr tng i gia hai ng thng
Cho ng thng
1
d i qua im
1 1 1 1
( ; ; ) M x y z , c vtcp
1 1 1 1
( ; ; ) u a b c =

v ng thng
2
d i qua im
2 2 2 2
( ; ; ) M x y z v c vtcp
2 2 2 2
( ; ; ) u a b c =

* Khi bit
1
d ct
2
d , ta vit phng trnh tham s ca
1 2
, d d theo 2
tham s khc nhau
1 2
, t t . Gii h phng trnh to nn bi chng tm
gi tr ca
1
t v
2
t . T ta c th tm c giao im ca
1
d v
2
d

11. V tr tng i gia ng thng v mt phng
Cho :
0
0
0
( )
x x at
d y y bt
z z ct
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v mt phng :
(1)
( ) 0 P Ax By Cz D =
Thay ( ) vo (1) ta c phng trnh (2) theo bin t.
Nu phng trnh (2) v nghim t th kt lun ( ) d P
Nu phng trnh (2) c v s nghim t th kt lun ( ) d P
Nu phng trnh (2) c duy nht nghim
0
t t = th thay
0
t t = tr
li vo phng trnh ( ) ta tm c
0 0 0
( ; ; ) x y z . Kt lun d v (P)
ct nhau ti im
0 0 0 0
( ; ; ) M x y z

V D MINH HO
Bi 24 : Tm to giao im ca ng thng d v mt phng ( ) bit
1
4
1 1 3
:
y
x
z
d

= = v ( ) : 3 2 2 0 x y z =
Bi gii
Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d l:
1
( )
4 3
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Thay x,y,z t ( ) vo phng trnh ca mt phng ( ) ta c
1 3( ) 2(4 3 ) 2 0 11 2 0 t t t t = =
11
2
t =
Thay
11
2
t = tr li vo ( ) ta c
13 11 25
2 2 2
; ; x y z = = =
Vy, giao im ca d v ( ) l
( )
13 11 25
2 2 2
; ; H
Bi 25 : Xt v tr tng i ca ng thng
3
1
1 1 3
:
y
x
z
d

= = vi
a) :
1
1 2
2
3 6
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
b) : 8
2
2
2
1 4
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
c) : 4
3
1 2
1 3
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Tm to giao im trong trng hp hai ng thng ct nhau?
- 65 -
Bi gii
Cu a: ng thng d i qua im ( 1; 3; 0) M c vtcp (1; 1; 3) u =

1
i qua im
1
(1; 0; 3) M c vtcp
1
(2; 2; 6) u =

Ta c,
1
2 u u =

hay
1
[ , ] 0 n u u = =

nn
1
u
cng phng vi u
.
Hn na, to im
1
M khng tho mn phng trnh ca d
Vy,
1
M d v do
1
d

Cu b: d i qua im ( 1; 3; 0) M c vtcp (1; 1; 3) u =

2
i qua im
2
(2; 8;1) M c vtcp
2
(1; 2; 4) u =

Ta c,
2
1 3 1 3 1 1
[ , ] ; ; (2; 1; 1) 0
2 4 1 4 1 2
n u u
1

= = =

( )

nn u
v
2
u

Ngoi ra,
2
(3; 5;1) MM =
va cat nhau
2 2
. 0 n MM d =
.
Phng trnh tham s ca
1
: 3
3
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v
2
2 2
2
2
: 8 2
1 4
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Xt
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 2 3 11
11
3 8 2 2 5 8
8
3 1 4 3 4 1 3 4 1
t t t t t
t
t t t t t
t
t t t t t t
' ' '
1 1 1
= = =
1 1 1
'
1
=
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
= = =
! ! ! !
1 = 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1+
= = = 1 1 1
1 1 1
+ + +

Giao im ca d v
2
l (10; 8; 33) H
Cu c: d i qua im ( 1; 3; 0) M c vtcp (1; 1; 3) u =

3
i qua im
3
( 1; 4; 1) M c vtcp
3
( 2;1; 3) u =

Ta c

3
1 3 1 3 1 1
[ , ] ; ; ( 6; 9; 1) 0
1 3 2 3 2 1
n u u
1

= = =

( )

nn u
v
3
u

Ngoi ra,
3
(0;1; 1) MM =
cheo
3 3
. 8 0 n MM d =

Bi 26 : Xc nh to hnh chiu vung gc ca im (2;1; 5) M ln
a) ( ) : 3 1 0 x y z = b)
6
2 9
1 3 5
:
y
x z
d

= =

Bi gii
Cu a: Gi d l ng thng i qua (2;1; 5) M v vung gc vi mt
phng ( ) : 3 1 0 x y z = (1) th
2 3
: 1
5
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
(*)
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M ln ( ) th ( ) H d =
Thay (*) vo (1) ta c:
3(2 3 ) (1 ) (5 ) 1 0 11 11 0 1 t t t t t = = =
Vy, hnh chiu ca im M ln ( ) l ( 1; 2; 4) H
Cu b: Gi ( ) l mt phng i qua im (2;1; 5) M v vung gc vi d
Hng dn: vit phng trnh ca ( ) v phng trnh tham s
ca d ri dng phng php th tm to giao im ca chng
p s: ( ) : 3 5 30 0 x y z = v (1; 3; 4) H

BI TP V V TR TNG I CA CC NG, MT
Bi 27 : Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp mt phng sau y:
a) ( ) : 2 3 1 0 P x y z = v ( ) : 4 6 2 3 0 Q x y z =
b) ( ) : 3 2 0 x y = v ( ) : 9 3 6 0 x y =
c)
1
( ) : 2 1 0 x y = v
2
( ) : 2 1 0 x z =
Bi 28 : Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau y:
a)
1
: d
2
1 3
1 1 1
y
x z
= = v
2
: d
1
1 2
2 2 2
y
x z
= =
b)
1
: d
7
1 3
2 1 4
y
x z

= = v
2
: d
1
2
6
3 2 1
y
z
x

= =
c)
1
: d
2
1
2 2 1
y
x z
= = v
2
: d
8
4
2 3 1
y
x z
= =
d)
1
1 1
1
2 4
: 6
1 8
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v
2
2 2
2
7 6
: 2 9
12
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

Bi 29 : Xt v tr tng i gia cc cp ng thng v mt phng sau:
a)
9
12 1
4 3 1
:
y
x z
d

= = v ( ) : 3 5 2 0 x y z =
b)
3
1
2 4 3
:
y
x
z
d

= = v ( ) : 3 3 2 5 0 x y z =
- 67 -
BI TP TNG HP
Bi 30 : Trong h to Oxyz cho cc im A(1;1; 3), B(3;0;1), C(0;4;5)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua C v vung gc vi AB.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng d vung gc vi ( ) ABC ti B.
Bi 31 : Trong h to Oxyz cho A(5;1;3), B(1;6;2), C(5;0;4) v D(4;0;6)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) ABC .
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm D tip xc vi mp( ) ABC .
c) Tm to im H l hnh chiu vung gc ca D ln ( ) ABC .
Bi 32 : Trong h to Oxyz cho ba im A(5;1;3), B(1;6;2) v C(5;0;4)
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu ng knh AC.
b) Xc nh to im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
c) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) cha hnh bnh hnh ABCD.
d) Vit phng trnh ng thng d vung gc vi ( ) ti A.
Bi 33 : Trong khng gian Oxyz cho mt phng ( ) : 2 2 6 0, P x y z =
mt cu
2 2 2
( ) : ( 1) ( 3) ( 4) 6 S x y z = v im (2; 1; 3) A
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm A tip xc vi mt phng ( ) P
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) song song vi mt phng ( ) P
ng thi i qua tm I ca mt cu ( ) S
c) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) song song vi mt phng ( ) P
ng thi tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S
Bi 34 : Trong h to Oxyz cho , , , (5; 3; 1) (2; 3; 4) (1; 2; 0) (3;1; 2) A B C D
a) Chng minh rng ABCD l mt t din c cc cp cnh i din
vung gc vi nhau. Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu ( ) S ngoi tip t din ABCD.
c) Vit phng trnh tip din vi mt cu ( ) S ti A.
Bi 35 : Trong h to Oxyz cho A(5;1;3), B(1;6;2), C(5;0;4), D(4;0;6)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) ACD v chng minh im B
khng thuc mt phng ( ) ACD .
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha AB v song song vi CD.
c) Vit phng trnh mt cu ng knh BD.
Bi 36 : Cho ( ) S l mt cu c tm I(5;3;7) v i qua im M(1;0;7).
a) Chng minh rng im (5;1; 4) N thuc mt cu ( ) S .
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S ti N.
c) Chng minh rng mt cu ( ) S khng ct cc trc to .

Bi 37 : Cho im I(2;1;1) v mt phng (): x + 2y 2z + 5 = 0
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu ( ) S tm I tip xc vi mt phng ( )
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng i qua im I v song song vi ( )
Bi 38 : Trong h to Oxyz cho cc im (3; 1; 2), (2;1; 0), (1; 3;1) A B C
a) Chng minh rng ABC l tam gic vung cn. Vit phng
trnh mt phng ( ) ABC
b) Chng minh rng OABC l mt t din. Tnh th tch t din
OABC v din tch mt cu ngoi tip t din OABC.
Bi 39 : Trong h to Oxyz cho A,B,C ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc
ca im (4; 6;12) M ln cc trc to Ox,Oy,Oz.
a) Xc nh hnh chiu vung gc ca im M ln mt phng ( ) ABC
b) Vi im ( 1; 3; 4) D , chng minh rng ABCD l mt t din v
mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD i qua gc to O.
Bi 40 : Cho A(1;2;3), B(1;6;2) v mt phng (): 2x + y 2z 1 = 0.
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu
1
( ) S c tm A v tip xc vi mp().
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu
2
( ) S c tm B v i qua im A.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A v vung gc vi mt
phng (). T , tm to giao im ca d v ().
Bi 41 : Cho mt cu :
2 2 2
( ) 9 S x y z = v mp(): x + 2y 2z + 9 = 0
a) Xc nh to tm I v tnh bn knh R ca mt cu. Tnh
khong cch t im I n mt phng ().
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng () song song vi mt phng ()
v tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S . Tm to tip im ca ( ) S v ()
Bi 42 : Cho im M(1;4;2) v mt phng (): x + y + z 1 = 0.
a) Tnh khong cch t im M n mt phng ().
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng i qua M v song song vi ()
Bi 43 : Cho A(1; 1; 3), B(3; 0; 1), C(0; 4; 0)
a) Chng minh rng tam gic ABC vung v tnh din tch ca n.
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) ABC .
c) Tnh khong cch t im D(1;1;1) n mt phng ( ) ABC , t
suy ra th tch ca t din ABCD.
Bi 44 : Cho A(2;6;3), B(1;0;2), C(0;2;1), D(1;4;0)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (BCD).
b) Chng minh rng BCD l mt tam gic vung, t tnh din
tch tam gic BCD.
c) Tnh th tch khi chp ABCD.
- 69 -
Bi 45 : Trong khng gian Oxyz cho hai im A(6;2;5), B(4;0;7).
a) Vit phng trnh mt cu ( ) S c ng knh AB
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng () tip xc vi mt cu ( ) S ti A
Bi 46 : Vit phng trnh mt phng () trong cc trng hp sau:
a) () i qua A(1;2;3) v song song vi mp(Oxy).
b) () i qua A(1;2;3) v song song vi mt phng x + y + z = 0.
Bi 47 : Cho im A(1;0;0) v ng thng :
2
1 2
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

a) Tm ta hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn ng thng .
b) Tm ta A
i xng vi A qua ng thng

c) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha A v
Bi 48 : Cho im M(1;4;2) v mt phng (): x + y + z 1 = 0.
a) Tm ta H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn ().
b) Tm ta M
i xng vi M qua mt phng ().

c) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm M tip xc vi ().
Bi 49 : Trong h to Oxyz cho cc im A(1;1;3), B(3;0;1), C(0;4;5)
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua A v vung gc vi BC.
b) Xc nh to im H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im A ln
ng thng BC.
c) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm A tip xc vi ng thng BC.
Bi 50 : Cho A(1;0;0) v H l hnh chiu ca A ln
1
2
1 2
:
y
x
z
= =
a) Tm ta im H. T tnh khong cch t im A n .
b) Tm ta im A
i xng vi A qua ng thng .

Bi 51 : Cho : 11 2
16
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v :
5 2 3
2 1 6
x y z
d

= = . Chng minh
rng d v d
ct nhau. Vit phng trnh mt phng cha d v d

Bi 52 : Cho (): 3x 2y z + 5 = 0 v :
7
1 3
2 1 4
y
x z

= =
a) Chng t rng v () song song vi nhau.
b) Tnh khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng ().
c) Vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca ln ().

Bi 53 : Cho im A(3;2;1) v ng thng d:
3
2 4 1
y
z
x

= =
a) Chng minh rng im A khng thuc ng thng d.
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng ( ) i qua A v cha d.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng d
qua A, vung gc d v ct d.
Bi 54 : Cho ( ) : 3 2 5 0 x y z = v
7
1 3
2 1 4
:
y
x z
d

= =
a) Chng minh rng ( ) d b) Tnh khong cch gia d v ()
Bi 55 : Cho hai ng thng : 1 2
6 3
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v
1
: 2
3
x t
d y t
z t
'
1

=
1
1
1

=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

a) Chng minh rng d v d
cho nhau.
b) Lp phng trnh mt phng i qua O song song vi c d v d

c) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha d v song song vi d

Bi 56 : Cho hai ng thng
1
: d
2
1 5
2 3 4
y
x z
= = v
2
7 3
: 2 2
1 2
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

a) Chng minh rng
1
d v
2
d ct nhau.
b) Vit phng trnh ca mt phng cha
1
d v
2
d .
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng d vung gc vi c hai ng
thng
1
d v
2
d ng thi ct c hai ng thng .
Bi 57 : Cho hai ng thng
1
: d
1
1
1
4
1 6
2 2
x t
y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
v
2
2 2
2
: 2 2
1 4
x t
d y t
z t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+

a) Chng minh rng
1
d vung gc vi
2
d nhng khng ct
2
d
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha
1
d v vung gc vi
2
d .
c) Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca
1
d v
2
d .
Bi 58 : Cho ( 1; 3; 4) I , ( ) : 4 0 x z = v ( ) : 3 4 3 4 0 x y z =
a) Chng minh rng ( ) ( ) . Vit phng trnh mt phng ( )
i qua im I ng thi vung gc vi c ( ) ln ( ) .
b) Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I tip xc vi giao tuyn ca
( ) v ( )
- 71 -
Phn VI. Phn VI. Phn VI. Phn VI. TH. TCH TH. TCH TH. TCH TH. TCH KHI A DI/N KHI A DI/N KHI A DI/N KHI A DI/N - -- - KHI TRN KHI TRN KHI TRN KHI TRN XOAY XOAY XOAY XOAY

1. Mt s hnh khng gian thng gp
a) Hnh chp tam gic (t din):

Hnh 1: dng cho cc loi hnh chp tam gic (t din):
C 1 cnh bn vung gc vi mt y.
C 3 cnh i mt vung gc vi nhau cng i qua 1 nh.
Hnh 2: dng cho cc loi hnh chp tam gic (t din):
Hnh chp tam gic u.
T din u (tt c cc cnh u bng nhau).
b) Hnh chp t gic:
Hnh 3: Hnh chp S.ABCD c SA(ABCD) v y ABCD l:
Hnh bnh hnh.
Hnh ch nht.
Hnh thoi.
Hnh vung.
Nu ABCD l hnh ch nht th:
( ) BC SAB v ( ) CD SAD
4 mt bn u l cc tam gic vung.
Tm ca mt cu ngoi tip l trung im I ca cnh SC
Hnh 4: Hnh chp S.ABCD c SO(ABCD) v y ABCD l:
Hnh bnh hnh.
Hnh ch nht.
Hnh thoi.
Hnh vung.
Nu S.ABCD l hnh chp u th:
4 cnh bn bng nhau.
2 mt cho vung gc nhau.
Tm ca mt cu ngoi tip nm trn ng thng SO.

c) Hnh lng tr - hnh hp:

Lng tr Lng tr ng Hnh hp
tam gic tam gic ch nht
d) Hnh cu hnh tr - hnh nn

2. Cc cng thc tnh din tch th tch
a) Th tch (din tch) khi chp khi nn
Cng thc tnh th tch:

1
3
. V B h =
Din tch xung quanh mt nn:

non ( ) xq
S rl =
Lu : din tch hnh trn bn knh r l:
2
. S r =
b) Th tch (din tch) khi lng tr khi tr
Cng thc tnh th tch:
. V B h =
Din tch xung quanh mt tr:

tru ( )
2
xq
S rl =
Din tch ton phn ca hnh tr:

tru ay ( )
2.
tp xq
S S S =
c) Th tch (din tch) khi cu
Cng thc tnh th tch:

3
4
3
V R =
Din tch mt cu:
m.cau
2
4 S R =

- 73 -
BI TP V KHI A DIN, KHI TRN XOAY
Bi 1 : Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, cnh
bn SA vung gc vi mt y. Bit SA AB BC a = = = . Tnh
th tch ca khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Bi 2 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, cnh
bn SA vung gc vi mt y, cnh bn SB bng 3 a .
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
b) Chng minh rng trung im cnh SC l tm mt cu ngoi
tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
Bi 3 : Cho hnh chp S.ABC c mt bn SBC l tam gic u cnh a,
cnh bn SA vung gc vi mt phng y. Bit gc
0
120 BAC = ,
hy tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Bi 4 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn SA
vung gc vi mt y, cnh bn SC to vi mt y mt gc 60
0
.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCD theo a.
b) Chng minh rng trung im cnh SC l tm mt cu ngoi
tip hnh chp S.ABCD. Tnh din tch ca mt cu .
Bi 5 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung
gc vi mt y, gc gia mt phng ( ) SBD v mt phng y
bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung, cnh bn
2 SA a = v vung gc vi mt y, gc gia SC v mt y
bng 45
0
.Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
Bi 7 : Cho hnh chp t gic u c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Tnh th
tch hnh chp S.ABCD theo a.
Bi 8 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c mt y l mt hnh ch nht, AB = a,
AD = 2a, hai mt bn ( ) SAB v ( ) SAD cng vung gc vi mt
y, SAD l tam gic vung cn.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
b) Tm tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD
Bi 9 : Cho hnh chp u S.ABC c M l trung im cnh AB, AM = a.
Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC theo a bit 2 SA a =
Bi 10 :Cho hnh chp u S.ABC c cnh y bng a, cnh bn bng 2a.
a) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC
b) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp S.ABC
Bi 11 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, SAC l tam
gic u cnh a, 5 SB SD a = = . Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC.

Bi 12 : Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic cn ti A, Hai mt bn
( ) SAB v ( ) SAC cng vung gc vi mt y. Gi I l trung im
cnh BC. Bit , 3 BC a SA a = = v gc gia 2 mt phng ( ) SBC
v ( ) ABC bng 30
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Bi 13 :Cho lng tr tam gic u . ABC A B C

c cnh y bng a, AB
to vi mt y mt gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch lng tr theo a.
Bi 14 :Cho lng tr tam gic u . ABC A B C

. Bit rng mt phng
( ) A BC
to vi mt y mt gc
0
30 v tam gic A BC
c din
tch bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr . ABC A B C

Bi 15 :Cho lng tr . ABC A B C

c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh
chiu vung gc ca A
ln mt phng ( ) ABC trng vi trung

im M ca on BC. Gc hp bi AA
v mt y bng
0
30 .
Tnh th tch lng tr . ABC A B C

theo a.
Bi 16 :Cho lng tr ng . ABC A B C

c y ABC l tam gic vung
cn ti C cho A C a
= , gc hp bi ( ) A BC
v mt phng y
bng . Tm lng tr . ABC A B C

c th tch ln nht.
Bi 17 :Cho mt hnh tr c bn knh y r = 5cm v khong cch gia
hai mt y bng 7cm.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh tr v th tch ca khi tr
c gii hn bi hnh tr .
b) Ct khi tr bi mt mt phng song song vi trc ca hnh tr
v cch trc 3cm. Hy tnh din tch ca thit din c to nn.
Bi 18 :Cho mt hnh tr c bn knh r v chiu cao 3 h r =
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh tr
b) Tnh th tch khi tr to nn bi hnh tr cho.
Bi 19 :Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA, AB, BC vung gc vi nhau tng
i mt. Bit SA a = , 3 AB BC a = = . Tnh th tch ca khi
chp v tm tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
Bi 20 :Cho khi chp S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a ( 0) a . Tam
gic SAC cn ti S, gc SAC bng
0
60 , ( ) ( ) SAC ABC . Tnh th
tch ca ca khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Bi 21 :Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch khi chp t gic u c
di cnh bn bng 2a v gp i di cnh y.
Bi 22 :Tnh t s th tch gia t din u v hnh cu ngoi tip n.
- 75 -
P PP PH* L*C I H* L*C I H* L*C I H* L*C I
(Bng quy tc v cng thc tnh o hm)

Quy tc tnh o hm
( ) u v u v

= ( ) uv u v uv

= ( ) ku ku

=
2
u u v uv
v
v
( )

2
1 u
u
u
( )
( )
( ) ( ) . ( ) f u x f u x u x
l l

=
l l
l l

o hm ca hm s thng gp o hm ca hm s hp
-
1 n n
x nx

=
-
( )
1
2
x
x
=
-
2
1 1
x
x
( )

- (sin ) cos x x
=
- (cos ) sin x x
=
-
2
1
(tan )
cos
x
x
=
-
2
1
(cot )
sin
x
x
=
-
1
.
n n
u nu u
=
-
( )
2
u
u
u

=
-
2
1 u
u
u
( )

- (sin ) . cos u u u

=
- (cos ) . sin u u u

=
-
2
(tan )
cos
u
u
u
=
-
2
(cot )
sin
u
u
u
=
-
2
( )
ax b ad bc
cx d
cx d

( )

-
2
( )
au b ad bc
u
cu d
cu d

( )

-
( )
x x
e e
=
-
( )
1
lnx
x
=
-
( )
.
u u
e e u
=
-
( )
ln
u
u
u
=
-
( )
. ln
x x
a a a
=
-
( )
1
log
ln
a
x
x a
=
-
( )
. . ln
u u
a u a a
=
-
( )
log
ln
a
u
u
u a
=

P PP PH* L*C II H* L*C II H* L*C II H* L*C II
(Bng cng thc lng gic)

1. Cng thc c bn
2 2
sin cos 1 =
2
2
1
1 tan
cos
=
2
2
1
1 cot
sin
=
sin
tan
cos
=
cos
cot
sin
=
tan cot 1 =
2. Cng thc cng
sin( ) sin cos cos sin a b a b a b = cos( ) cos cos sin sin a b a b a b =
sin( ) sin cos cos sin a b a b a b = cos( ) cos cos sin sin a b a b a b =
tan tan
tan( )
1 tan tan
a b
a b
a b

tan tan
tan( )
1 tan tan
a b
a b
a b

3. Cng thc nhn i
2 2
cos 2 cos sin =
2
2cos 1 =
2
1 2sin =
sin2 2sin cos =
2
2 tan
tan2
1 tan

4. Cng thc h bc
2
1 cos 2
cos
2

=
2
1 cos 2
sin
2

=
2
1 cos 2
tan
1 cos 2

5. Cng thc tng thnh tch
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
a b a b
a b

= cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
a b a b
a b

=
sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
a b a b
a b

= cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
a b a b
a b

=
sin( )
tan tan
cos . cos
a b
a b
a b
=
sin( )
tan tan
cos . cos
a b
a b
a b
=
6. Cng thc tch thnh tng
cos cos a b =
1
2
cos( ) cos( ) a b a b
l

l

sin sin a b =
1
2
cos( ) cos( ) a b a b
l

l

sin cos a b =
1
2
sin( ) sin( ) a b a b
l

l

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On tap Tot nghiep

khng xc nh (nh loi cc s [ ; ] x a b

ng bin trn tng khong xc nh

nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh

< < (khng c du =)

= . log ( ) log log

= (v 1 s biu thc khc nu cn)

v tnh tch phn mi ny (bin t)

sin t x = cos . x dx i km biu thc theo sinx

cos t x = sin . x dx i km biu thc theo cos x

trc honh, 0, 1 x x = = ( l trc honh)

th cng thc tm hai nghim phc l

tn ti s thc t sao cho . a t b =

cng phng vi nhau [ , ] 0 a b =

v (2; 2;1), (4; 5; 2) AB AC = =

th ( ) P c phng trnh tng qut l:

th ( ) P c vct php tuyn [ , ] n a b =

cho nhau c vtcp ln lt l

c gi song song hoc trng vi ng thng .

hay (2; 3;1) u

khng cng phng)

khng cng phng vi nhau.

khng cng phng vi nhau.

khng cng phng vi nhau.

i xng vi A qua ng thng

i xng vi M qua mt phng ().

i xng vi A qua ng thng .

ct nhau. Vit phng trnh mt phng cha d v d

ln mt phng ( ) ABC trng vi trung

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