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Trang 1
c
b
a
M H
C
B
A

CHUYN : PHNG PHP LUYN TP
TH TCH KHI A DIN

I. n tp kin thc c bn:

N TP 1. KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 9 - 10

1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho ABC A vung A ta c :
a) nh l Pitago :
2 2 2
BC AB AC = +
b) CB CH CA BC BH BA . ; .
2 2
= =
c) AB. AC = BC. AH
d)
2 2 2
1 1 1
AC AB AH
+ =

e) BC = 2AM
f)
sin , os , tan , cot
b c b c
B c B B B
a a c b
= = = =

g) b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a =
sin cos
b b
B C
=
,
b = c. tanB = c.cot C
2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng:
* nh l hm s Csin: a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2bc.cosA
* nh l hm s Sin:
2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C
= = =

3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch.
a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:

1
2
S =
a.h
a
=
1 . .
. sin . .( )( )( )
2 4
a b c
a b C p r p p a p b p c
R
= = =
vi
2
a b c
p
+ +
=
c bit :* ABC A vung A :
1
.
2
S AB AC =
,* ABC A u cnh a:
2
3
4
a
S =

b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh
c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng
d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S =
1
2
(cho di x cho ngn)
d/ Din tch hnh thang :
1
2
S =
(y ln + y nh) x chiu cao
e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao
f/ Din tch hnh trn :
2
S .R t =

N TP 2 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 11

A.QUAN H SONG SONG
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Trang 2
1.NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
ng thng v mt
phng gi l song song
vi nhau nu chng
khng c im no
chung.

a/ /(P) a (P) =C



a
(P)

II.Cc nh l:
L1:Nu ng thng d
khng nm trn mp(P) v
song song vi ng
thng a nm trn mp(P)
th ng thng d song
song vi mp(P)

d (P)
d/ /a d / /(P)
a (P)
.

d
a
(P)

L2: Nu ng thng a
song song vi mp(P) th
mi mp(Q) cha a m ct
mp(P) th ct theo giao
tuyn song song vi a.
a/ /(P)
a (Q) d/ /a
(P) (Q) d

d
a
(Q)
(P)

L3: Nu hai mt phng
ct nhau cng song song
vi mt ng thng th
giao tuyn ca chng
song song vi ng
thng .
(P) (Q) d
(P)/ /a d/ /a
(Q)/ /a
=

a
d
Q
P


2.HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi
l song song vi nhau nu
chng khng c im no
chung.
(P)/ /(Q) (P) (Q) =C

Q
P

II.Cc nh l:
L1: Nu mp(P) cha
hai ng thng a, b ct
nhau v cng song song
vi mt phng (Q) th
(P) v (Q) song song vi
nhau.
a,b (P)
a b I (P)/ /(Q)
a/ /(Q),b/ /(Q)
c

I
b
a
Q
P

L2: Nu mt ng
thng nm mt trong hai
mt phng song song th
song song vi mt phng
(P) / /(Q)
a / /(Q)
a (P)

a
Q
P

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kia.
L3: Nu hai mt phng
(P) v (Q) song song th
mi mt phng (R)
ct (P) th phi ct (Q)
v cc giao tuyn ca
chng song song.
(P) / /(Q)
(R) (P) a a / / b
(R) (Q) b

b
a
R
Q
P


B.QUAN H VUNG GC

1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG
I.nh ngha:
Mt ng thng c
gi l vung gc vi mt
mt phng nu n vung
gc vi mi ng thng
nm trn mt phng .
a mp(P) a c, c (P) c



P
c
a


II. Cc nh l:
L1: Nu ng thng d
vung gc vi hai ng
thng ct nhau a v b
cng nm trong mp(P) th
ng thng d vung gc
vi mp(P).

d a,d b
a,b mp(P) d mp(P)
a,b cat nhau

d
a
b
P

L2: (Ba ng vung
gc) Cho ng thng a
khng vung gc vi
mp(P) v ng thng b
nm trong (P). Khi ,
iu kin cn v b
vung gc vi a l b
vung gc vi hnh chiu
a ca a trn (P).
a mp(P),b mp(P)
b a b a'
c


a'
a
b
P


2.HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC
I.nh ngha:

Hai mt phng c gi l vung gc vi nhau nu gc gia chng bng 90
0
.

II. Cc nh l:

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L1:Nu mt mt
phng cha mt ng
thng vung gc vi
mt mt phng khc th
hai mt phng vung
gc vi nhau.


a mp(P)
mp(Q) mp(P)
a mp(Q)

Q
P
a

L2:Nu hai mt phng
(P) v (Q) vung gc
vi nhau th bt c
ng thng a no nm
trong (P), vung gc vi
giao tuyn ca (P) v
(Q) u vung gc vi
mt phng (Q).

(P) (Q)
(P) (Q) d a (Q)
a (P),a d

d
Q
P
a

L3: Nu hai mt
phng (P) v (Q) vung
gc vi nhau v A l
mt im trong (P) th
ng thng a i qua
im A v vung gc
vi (Q) s nm trong (P)

(P) (Q)
A (P)
a (P)
A a
a (Q)

A
Q
P
a

L4: Nu hai mt
phng ct nhau v cng
vung gc vi mt
phng th ba th giao
tuyn ca chng vung
gc vi mt phng th
ba.

(P) (Q) a
(P) (R) a (R)
(Q) (R)
=

a
R
Q
P


3.KHONG CCH

1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng
thng , n 1 mt phng:
Khong cch t im M n ng
thng a (hoc n mt phng (P)) l
khong cch gia hai im M v H,
trong H l hnh chiu ca im M
trn ng thng a ( hoc trn mp(P))

d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH

a
H
O
H
O
P

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Trang 5
2. Khong cch gia ng thng v
mt phng song song:
Khong cch gia ng thng a v
mp(P) song song vi a l khong cch
t mt im no ca a n mp(P).
d(a;(P)) = OH
a
H
O
P

3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng
song song:
l khong cch t mt im bt k trn
mt phng ny n mt phng kia.
d((P);(Q)) = OH
H
O
Q
P

4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng
cho nhau:
l di on vung gc chung ca hai
ng thng .
d(a;b) = AB B
A
b
a


4.GC


1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b
l gc gia hai ng thng a v b
cng i qua mt im v ln lt cng
phng vi a v b.
b'
b
a'
a

2. Gc gia ng thng a khng
vung gc vi mt phng (P)
l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n
trn mp(P).
c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt
phng (P) th ta ni rng gc gia ng
thng a v mp(P) l 90
0
.
P
a'
a

3. Gc gia hai mt phng
l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt
vung gc vi hai mt phng .
Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm
trong 2 mt phng cng vung gc vi
giao tuyn ti 1 im
b
a
Q P

P Q
a
b



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Trang 6
B
h
a
b
c
a
a
a
B
h
4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din
tch ca a gic (H) trong mp(P) v S l
din tch hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn
mp(P) th
S' Scos =
trong l gc gia hai mt phng
(P),(P).

C
B
A
S


N TP 3 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 12

A. TH TCH KHI A DIN

I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:

1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR:
V= B.h
vi
B : d i e n t c h a y
h : c h i e u c a o

a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:
V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc

b) Th tch khi lp phng:
V = a
3

vi a l di cnh






2. TH TCH KHI CHP:
V=
1
3
Bh
vi
B: dien tch ay
h : chie u cao

3. T S TH TCH T DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A,
B, C l cc im ty ln lt
thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:


SABC
SA ' B' C '
V
SA SB SC
V SA ' SB' SC'
=


C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
S

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Trang 7
4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:
( )
h
V B B' BB'
3
= + +

vi
B, B' : dien tch hai ay
h : chieu cao

B A
C
A'
B'
C'


Ch :
1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 ,
ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 ,
ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d =
2 2 2
a b c + + ,
2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =
3
2
a

3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng
nhau ( hoc c y l a gic u, hnh chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca y).
4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u.

II/ Bi tp:
Ni dung chnh

LOI 1: TH TCH LNG TR

1) Dng 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y

V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung
cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.







a 2

Li gii:
Ta c
ABC vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a
ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA' AB
2 2 2 2
AA' B AA' A' B AB 8a = =
AA' 2a 2 =
Vy V = B.h = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 2


V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v
ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.

?
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A'
D
B'
C'
A'
C
D'
C'
B' B
D'
A
5a
4a
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn
BD
2
= BD'
2
- DD'
2
= 9a
2
BD 3a =
ABCD l hnh vung
3a
AB
2
=
Suy ra B = S
ABCD
=
2
9a
4

Vy V = B.h = S
ABCD
.AA' = 9a
3


V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh
a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.


A'
C'
B'
A
B
C
I

Li gii:
Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c
ABC u nn

AB 3
3 &
2
AI 2 AI BC
A' I BC(dl3 )
= =


A'BC
A'BC
2S 1
S BC.A' I A' I 4
2 BC
= = =
AA' (ABC) AA' AI .
2 2
A' AI AA' A' I AI 2 = =
Vy : V
ABC.ABC
= S
ABC
.AA'= 8 3

V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc
tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht
khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.


D'
A'
C'
B'
D
A
C
B

Gii
Theo bi, ta c
AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = 12 cm
nn ABCD l hnh vung c
AB = 44 cm - 24 cm = 20 cm
v chiu cao hp h = 12 cm
Vy th tch hp l
V = S
ABCD
.h = 4800cm
3


V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng
60
0
ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho nh ca lng tr.
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60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A
Tnh th tch hnh hp .

Li gii:
Ta c tam gic ABD u nn : BD = a
v S
ABCD
= 2S
ABD
=
2
a 3
2

Theo bi BD' = AC =
a 3
2 a 3
2
=
2 2
DD' B DD' BD' BD a 2 = =
Vy V = S
ABCD
.DD' =
3
a 6
2


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng c y l tam gic u bit rng tt c cc cnh ca
lng tr bng a. Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca lng tr.
S:
3
a 3
V
4
= ; S = 3a
2

Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c y l t gic u cnh a bit
rng BD' a 6 = . Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
s: V = 2a
3

Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng t gic c y l hnh thoi m cc ng cho l 6cm
v 8cm bit rng chu vi y bng 2 ln chiu cao lng tr.Tnh th tch v tng
din tch cc mt ca lng tr.
s: V = 240cm
3
v S = 248cm
2

Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng tam gic c di cc cnh y l 37cm ; 13cm
;30cm v bit tng din tch cc mt bn l 480 cm
2
. Tnh th tch lng tr .
s: V = 1080 cm
3

Bi 5: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung
cn ti A ,bit rng chiu cao lng tr l 3a v mt bn AA'B'B c ng cho
l 5a . Tnh th tch lng tr.
s: V = 24a
3

Bi 6: Cho lng tr ng t gic u c tt c cc cnh bng nhau v bit tng
din tch cc mt ca lng tr bng 96 cm
2
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
s: V = 64 cm
3

Bi 7: Cho lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh y l 19,20,37 v chiu cao ca
khi lng tr bng trung bnh cng cc cnh y. Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
s: V = 2888
Bi 8: Cho khi lp phng c tng din tch cc mt bng 24 m
2
. Tnh th
tch khi lp phng s: V = 8 m
3
Bi 9: Cho hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc t l thun vi 3,4,5 bit rng
di mt ng cho ca hnh hp l 1 m.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
s: V = 0,4 m
3

Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ch nht bit rng cc ng cho ca cc mt ln lt
l 5; 10; 13 . Tnh th tch khi hp ny . s: V = 6
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o
60
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A




2)Dng 2: Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng.

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
0
.
Tnh th tch lng tr.

Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC) A' A AB&AB l
hnh chiu ca A'B trn y ABC .
Vy
o
gc[A' B, (ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = =
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2


V d 2: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung ti A vi AC = a ,

ACB= 60
o
bit BC' hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.


a
o
60
o
30
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Li gii:
o
a 3 ABC AB AC.tan60 = = .
Ta c:
AB AC;AB AA' AB (AA' C' C)
nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C).
Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] =

BC' A = 30
o

o
AB
AC' B AC' 3a
t an30
= =
V =B.h = S
ABC
.AA'
2 2
AA' C' AA' AC' A' C' 2a 2 = =
ABC l na tam gic u nn
2
ABC
a 3
S
2
=
Vy V =
3
a 6

V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a
v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .

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o
30
a
D'
C'
A'
B'
D
C B
A

Gii:
Ta c ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn ta
c: DD' (ABCD) DD' BD v BD l hnh
chiu ca BD' trn ABCD .
Vy gc [BD';(ABCD)] =
0
DBD' 30 =
0
a 6
BDD' DD' BD.tan30
3
= =
Vy V = S
ABCD
.DD' =
3
a 6
3
S = 4S
ADD'A'
=
2
4a 6
3


V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh
a v

BAD = 60
o
bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.



a
o
30
o
60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Gii
ABD u cnh a
2
ABD
a 3
S
4
=
2
ABCD ABD
a 3
S 2S
2
= =
ABB' vung tiB
o
BB' ABt an30 a 3 = =
Vy
3
ABCD
3a
V B.h S .BB'
2
= = =


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung cn ti B bit
A'C = a v A'C hp vi mt bn (AA'B'B) mt gc 30
o
. Tnh th tch lng tr
S:
3
a 2
V
16
=
Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti B bit
BB' = AB = a v B'C hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 30
o
. Tnh th tch lng tr.
S:
3
a 3
V
2
=
Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a
bit AB' hp vi mt bn (BCC'B') mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh di AB' v th tch lng tr . S: AB' a 3 = ;
3
a 3
V
2
=
Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti A bit
AC = a v
o
ACB 60 = bit BC' hp vi mt bn (AA'C'C) mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr v din tch tam gic ABC'. S:
3
6 V a = , S =
2
3a 3
2

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Trang 12
Bi 5: Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC A'B'C' c khong cch t A n mt
phng (A'BC) bng a v AA' hp vi mt phng (A'BC) mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh th tch lng tr S:
3
32a
V
9
=
Bi 6: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c ng cho A'C = a v bit
rng A'C hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30
o
v hp vi (ABB'A') mt gc 45
o
.
Tnh th tch ca khi hp ch nht. s:
3
a 2
V
8
=
Bi 7: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung . Gi
O l tm ca ABCD v OA' = a .Tnh th tch ca khi hp khi:
1) ABCD A'B'C'D' l khi lp phng .
2) OA' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
o
.
3) A'B hp vi (AA'CC') mt gc 30
o
.
s:1)
3
2a 6
V
9
= ;2)
3
a 3
V
4
= ;3)
3
4a 3
V
9
=
Bi 8: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v
BD' = a . Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1) BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
o
.
2) BD' hp vi mt bn (AA'D'D) mt gc 30
o
. s: 1)V =
3
a 3
16
2)V =
3
a 2
8

Bi 9: Chiu cao ca lng tr t gic u bng a v gc ca 2 ng cho pht
xut t mt nh ca 2 mt bn k nhau l 60
o
.Tnh th tch lng tr v tng
din tch cc mt ca lng tr . s: V = a
3
v S = 6a
2

Bi 10 : Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AB = a ; AD = b ; AA' = c
v BD' = AC' = CA' =
2 2 2
a b c + +
1) Chng minh ABCD A'B'C'D' l hp ch nht.
2) Gi x,y,z l gc hp bi mt ng cho v 3 mt cng i qua mt ng
thuc ng cho. Chng minh rng
2 2 2
sin x sin y sin z 1 + + = .

3) Dng 3: Lng tr ng c gc gia 2 mt phng

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc
60
0
.Tnh th tch lng tr.


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Trang 13
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
o
60

Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC) &BC AB BC A' B
Vy
o
gc[(A' BC), (ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = =
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2


V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt
(ABC) to vi y mt gc 30
0
v din tch tam gic ABC bng 8.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.


x
o
30
I
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Gii: ABC u AI BC m AA' (ABC)
nn A'I BC (l 3).
Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] =

A' IA = 30
o
Gi s BI = x 3
2
3 2
x
x
AI = = .Ta c
x
x AI
AI I A AI A 2
3
3 2
3
2
30 cos : ' : '
0
= = = = A

AA = AI.tan 30
0
=
x x =
3
3
. 3

Vy V
ABC.ABC
= CI.AI.AA = x
3
3
M S
ABC
= BI.AI = x.2x = 8 2 = x
Do V
ABC.ABC
= 8 3

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng
(BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.


a
0
60
O
A'
D'
B'
C'
C
A
D
B

Gi O l tm ca ABCD . Ta c
ABCD l hnh vung nnOC BD
CC' (ABCD) nn OC' BD (l 3). Vy
gc[(BDC');(ABCD)] =

COC' = 60
o

Ta c V = B.h = S
ABCD
.CC'
ABCD l hnh vung nn S
ABCD
= a
2

OCC' vung nn CC' = OC.tan60
o
=
a 6
2

Vy V =
3
a 6
2

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V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng
(A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt
gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.


2a
o
30
o
60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Ta c AA' (ABCD) AC l hnh chiu
ca A'C trn (ABCD) .
Vy gc[A'C,(ABCD)] =
o
A' CA 30 =
BC AB BC A'B (l 3 ) .
Vy gc[(A'BC),(ABCD)] =
o
A' BA 60 =
A' AC AC = AA'.cot30
o
= 2a 3
A' AB AB = AA'.cot60
o
=
2a 3
3

2 2
4a 6
ABC BC AC AB
3
= =
Vy V = AB.BC.AA' =
3
16a 2
3


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = a bit ng cho A'C hp
vi y ABCD mt gc 30
o
v mt (A'BC) hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
0
.
Tnh th tch hp ch nht. s:
3
2a 2
V
3
=
Bi 2: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v
cnh bn bng a bit rng mt (ABC'D') hp vi y mt gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch
khi lng tr. s: V = 3a
3

Bi 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B
v AC = 2a bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45
o
. Tnh th tch lng
tr. s:
3
V a 2 =
Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi
AB = AC = a v
o
BAC 120 = bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr. s:
3
a 3
V
8
=
Bi 5: : Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v
BB' = AB = h bit rng (B'AC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch
lng tr. s:
3
h 2
V
4
=
Bi 6: Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC u bit cnh bn AA' = a
Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1) Mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.
2) A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 45
o
.
3) Chiu cao k t A' ca tam gic A'BC bng di cnh y ca lng tr.
s: 1)
3
V a 3 = ; 2) V =
3
a 3
4
; V =
3
a 3
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Bi 7: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh bn AA' = 2a .Tnh
th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1) Mt (ACD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45
o
.
2) BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
0
.
3) Khong cch t D n mt (ACD') bng a .
s: 1) V = 16a
3
. 2) V = 12a
3
.3) V =
3
16a
3

Bi 8: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a
Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1)Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
o
.
2)Tam gic BDC' l tam gic u.
3)AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45
0
s: 1)
3
a 6
2
V=
; 2) V =
3
a ; V =
3
a 2
Bi 9: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v
gc nhn A = 60o .Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:

1)Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60
o
.
2)Khong cch t C n (BDC') bng
a
2

3)AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45
0
s: 1)
3
3a 3
V
4
= ; 2) V =
3
3a 2
8
; V =
3
3a
2

Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c BD' = 5a ,BD = 3a
Tnh th tch khi hp trong cc trng hp sau y:
1) AB = a
2) BD' hp vi AA'D'D mt gc 30
o
3) (ABD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30
0
s: 1)
3
2 V 8a = ; 2) V =
3
11 5a ; V =
3
16a

4) Dng 4: Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a , bit cnh bn l a 3 v hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr.


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Trang 16
H
o
60
a
B'
A'
C'
C
B
A

Li gii:
Ta c C' H (ABC) CH l hnh chiu
ca CC' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[CC', (ABC)] C' CH 60 = =
0
3a
CHC' C' H CC'.sin60
2
= =
S
ABC
=
2
3 a
4
= .Vy V = S
ABC
.C'H =
3
3a 3
8



V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm O ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr .

H
O
o
60
C'
A
a
B'
A'
C
B

Li gii:
1) Ta c A' O (ABC) OA l hnh
chiu ca AA' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[AA', (ABC)] OAA' 60 = =
Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt
bn ca lng tr)
AO BC ti trung im H ca BC nn
BC A' H (l 3 )
BC (AA' H) BC AA' m AA'//BB'
nn BC BB' .Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht.
2) ABC u nn
2 2 a 3 a 3
AO AH
3 3 2 3
= = =
o
AOA' A' O AOt an60 a = =
Vy V = S
ABC
.A'O =
3
a 3
4







V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi
AB = 3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA) ln lt to vi y
nhng gc 45
0
v 60
0.
.

Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1.


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Trang 17
H
N
M
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A




Li gii:
K AH ) (ABCD ,HM AD HN AB ,
AD N A AB M A ' , ' (l 3)
o o
A' MH 45 ,A' NH 60 = =
t AH = x . Khi
AN = x : sin 60
0
=
3
2x

AN =
HM
x
N A AA =

=
3
4 3
' '
2
2 2

M HM = x.cot 45
0
= x
Ngha l x =
7
3
3
4 3
2
=

x
x

Vy V
ABCD.ABCD
= AB.AD.x
=
3
3. 7. 3
7
=


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C'c cc cnh y l 13;14;15v bit cnh bn
bng 2a hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45
o
. Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =
3
a 2
Bi 2: Cho lng tr ABCD A'B'C'D'c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v bit
cnh bn bng 8 hp vi y ABC mt gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =336
Bi 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D'c AB =a;AD =b;AA' = c v
o
BAD 30 = v
bit cnh bn AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
Bi 4 : Cho lng tr tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a v
im A' cch u A,B,C bit AA' =
2a 3
3
.Tnh th tch lng tr. s:
3
a 3
V
4
=
Bi 5: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , nh A' c
hnh chiu trn (ABC) nm trn ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC bit mt bb
BB'C'C hp vio y ABC mt gc 60
o
.
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABC A'B'C'. s:
3
3a 3
V
8
=
Bi 6: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Cnh b
CC' = a hp vi y ABC 1 gc 60
o
v C' c hnh chiu trn ABC trng vi O .
1) Chng minh rng AA'B'B l hnh ch nht. Tnh din tch AA'B'B.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABCA'B'C'. s: 1)
2
a 3
S
2
= 2)
3
3a 3
V
8
=
Bi 7: Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit chn
ng vung gc h t A' trn ABC trng vi trung im ca BC v AA' = a.
1) Tm gc hp bi cnh bn vi y lng tr.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr. s: 1) 30
o
2)
3
3 a
V
8
=
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Bi 8: Cho lng tr xin ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O.
Hnh chiu ca C' trn (ABC) l O.Tnh th tch ca lng tr bit rng khong
cch t O n CC' l a v 2 mt bn AA'C'Cv BB'C'C hp vi nhau mt gc 90
o

s:
3
27a
V
4 2
=
Bi 9: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c 6 mt l hnh thoi cnh a,hnh chiu
vung gc ca A' trn(ABCD) nm trong hnh thoi,cc cnh xut pht t A ca
hp i mt to vi nhau mt gc 60
o
.
1) Chng minh rng H nm trn ng cho AC ca ABCD.
2) Tnh din tch cc mt cho ACC'A' v BDD'B'.
3) Tnh th tch ca hp. s: 2)
2 2
ACC'A' BDD'B'
S a 2;S a = = . 3)
3
a 2
V
2
=
Bi 10: Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc
A = 60
o
chn ng vung gc h t B' xung ABCD trng vi giao im 2
ng cho y bit BB' = a.
1)Tm gc hp bi cnh bn v y.
2)Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh hp.
s: 1) 60
o
2)
3
2
3a
V &S a 15
4
= =



LOI 2: TH TCH KHI CHP

1) Dng 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC)
v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch hnh chp .


_
\
/
/
a
B
S
C
A

Li gii:
Ta c

(ABC) (SBC)
(ASC) (SBC)

AC (SBC)
Do
2 3
SBC
1 1 a 3 a 3
V S .AC a
3 3 4 12
= = =

V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi
AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung .
2)Tnh th tch hnh chp .


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a
o
60
S
C
B
A

Li gii:
1) SA (ABC) SA AB&SA AC
m BC AB BC SB ( l 3 ).
Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung.
2) Ta cSA (ABC) AB l hnh chiu
ca SB trn (ABC).
Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] =
o
SAB 60 = .
ABC vung cn nn BA = BC =
a
2

S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 4
=
o
a 6
SAB SA AB.t an60
2
= =
Vy
2 3
ABC
1 1 a a 6 a 6
V S .SA
3 3 4 2 24
= = =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA
vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp .


a
o
60
M
C
B
A
S

Li gii: Ml trung im ca BC,v tam gic
ABC u nn AM BCSABC (l3) .
Vy gc[(SBC);(ABC)] =
o
SMA 60 = .
Ta c V =
ABC
1 1
B.h S .SA
3 3
=
o
3a
SAM SA AMtan60
2
= =
Vy V =
3
ABC
1 1 a 3
B.h S .SA
3 3 8
= =

V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA
vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).

Li gii: 1)Ta c SA (ABC) v
CD AD CD SD ( l 3 ).(1)
Vy gc[(SCD),(ABCD)] =

SDA = 60
o
.
SAD vung nn SA = AD.tan60
o
= a 3
Vy
2
3
ABCD
a
1 1 a 3
V S .SA a 3
3 3 3
= = =
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H
a
D
C
B
A
S
o
60

2) Ta dng AH SD ,v CD(SAD) (do (1) )
nn CD AH AH (SCD)
Vy AH l khong cch t A n (SCD).
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 4
SAD
AH SA AD 3a a 3a
= + = + =
Vy AH =
a 3
2


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi
BA=BC=a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp . s: V =
3
a 2
6

Bi 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y (ABC) v SA = h ,bit
rng tam gic ABC u v mt (SBC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 30
o
.Tnh th
tch khi chp SABC . s:
3
h 3
V
3
=
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung ti A v SB vung gc vi y
ABC bit SB = a,SC hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30
o
v (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt
gc 60
o
.Chng minh rng SC
2
= SB
2
+ AB
2
+ AC
2
Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s:
3
a 3
V
27
=
Bi 4: Cho t din ABCD c AD(ABC) bit AC = AD = 4 cm,AB = 3 cm,
BC = 5 cm.
1) Tnh th tch ABCD. s: V = 8 cm
3

2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (BCD). s: d =
12
34

Bi 5: Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi BC = 2a ,
gc
o
BAC 120 = , bit SA (ABC) v mt (SBC) hp vi y mt gc 45
o
.
Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s:
3
a
V
9
=
Bi 6: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung bit
SA (ABCD),SC = a v SC hp vi y mt gc 60
o
Tnh th tch khi chp.
s:
3
a 3
V
48
=
Bi 7: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht bit rng
SA (ABCD) , SC hp vi y mt gc 45
o
v AB = 3a , BC = 4a
Tnh th tch khi chp. s: V = 20a
3

Bi 8: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A
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bng 60
o
v SA (ABCD) ,bit rng khong cch t A n cnh SC = a.
Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. s:
3
a 2
V
4
=
Bi 9: Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B
bit AB = BC = a , AD = 2a , SA (ABCD) v (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60
o

Tnh th thch khi chp SABCD. s:
3
a 6
V
2
=
Bi 10 : Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip
trong na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R bit mt (SBC) hp vi y ABCD
mt gc 45
o
.Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD. s:
3
3R
V
4
=

2) Dng 2 : Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a
Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng vung gc vi yABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.



a
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
1) Gi H l trung im ca AB.
SAB u SH AB
m (SAB) (ABCD) SH (ABCD)
Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp.
2) Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA =
a 3
2

suy ra
3
ABCD
1 a 3
V S .SH
3 6
= =

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung
cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch t din ABCD.


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o
60
a
H
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH(BCD) ,
m (ABC) (BCD) AH (BCD) .
Ta c AH HDAH = AD.tan60
o
=a 3
& HD = AD.cot60
o
=
a 3
3

BCD BC = 2HD =
2a 3
3
suy ra
V =
3
BCD
1 1 1 a 3
S .AH . BC.HD.AH
3 3 2 9
= =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c
BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt
y mt gc 45
0
.
a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.



45
I
J
H
A
C
B
S Li gii:
a) K SH BC v mp(SAC) mp(ABC) nn
SHmp(ABC).
Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca H trn AB v BC
SI AB, SJ BC, theo gi thit
o
SIH SJH 45 = =
Ta c: HJ HI SHJ SHI = A = A nn BH l
ng phn gic ca ABC suy ra H l trung
im ca AC.
b) HI = HJ = SH =
2
a
V
SABC
=
12
.
3
1
3
a
SH S
ABC
=


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC u cnh a, tam gic SBC cn ti
S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABC).
1) Chng minh chn ng cao ca chp l trung im ca BC.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s:
3
a 3
V
24
=
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung cn ti A vi AB = AC = a bit
tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABC) ,mt phng
(SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 45
o
. Tnh th tch ca SABC. s:
3
a
V
12
=
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Bi 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c
o o
BAC 90 ;ABC 30 = = ; SBC l tam gic u
cnh a v (SAB) (ABC). Tnh th tch khi chp SABC. s:
2
a 2
V
24
=
Bi 4: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u;tam gic SBC c ng
cao SH = h v (SBC) (ABC). Cho bit SB hp vi mt (ABC) mt gc 30
o
.Tnh
th tch hnh chp SABC. s:
3
4h 3
V
9
=
Bi 5: T din ABCD c ABC v BCD l hai tam gic u ln lt nm trong hai
mt phng vung gc vi nhau bit AD = a.Tnh th tch t din. s:
3
a 6
V
36
=
Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung . Mt bn SAB l
tam gic u c ng cao SH = h ,nm trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD . s:
3
4h
V
9
=
Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht , tam gic SAB u
cnh a nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABCD) bit (SAC) hp vi (ABCD)
mt gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. s:
3
a 3
V
4
=
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht c AB = 2a , BC = 4a,
SAB (ABCD) , hai mt bn (SBC) v (SAD) cng hp vi y ABCD mt gc
30
o
.Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. s:
3
8a 3
V
9
=
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi vi AC = 2BD = 2a v
tam gic SAD vung cn ti S , nm trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Tnh
th tch hnh chp SABCD. s:
3
a 5
V
12
=
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D;
AD = CD = a ; AB = 2a bit tam gic SAB u nm trong mt phng vung gc
vi (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD . s:
3
a 3
V
2
=
3) Dng 3 : Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a.
Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic
u ABC.Tnh th tch chp u SABC .

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC
suy ra OA = OB = OC
Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
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a
2a
H
O
C
B
A
S

AO =
2 2 a 3 a 3
AH
3 3 2 3
= =
2
2 2 2
11a
SAO SO SA OA
3
= =
a 11
SO
3
= .Vy
3
ABC
1 a 11
V S .SO
3 12
= =

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a .
1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.


a
O
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABCD)
Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn
OA = OB = OC = ODABCD l
hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi tip
nn ABCD l hnh vung .
Ta c SA
2
+ SB
2
= AB
2
+BC
2
= AC
2

nn ASC vung ti S
2
2
a
OS =

3
2
1 1 2 2
.
3 3 2 6
ABCD
a a
V S SO a = = =
Vy
3
a 2
V
6
=

V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD.
b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.

Li gii:
a) Gi O l tm ca ABC A ( ) DO ABC

1
.
3
ABC
V S DO =


2
3
4
ABC
a
S =
,
2 3
3 3
a
OC CI = =


2 2
: DOC vu ng c DO DC OC A =
6
3
a
=


2 3
1 3 6 2
.
3 4 3 12
a a a
V = =

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a
I
H
O
M
C
B
A
D

b) K MH// DO, khong cch t M n
mp(ABC) l MH

1 6
2 6
a
MH DO = =

2 3
1 1 3 6 2
. .
3 3 4 6 24
MABC ABC
a a a
V S MH = = =

Vy
3
a 2
V
24
=

Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc
60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
3a
V
16
=
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn
l 45
o
.
1) Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp SABC . s: SH =
a
3

2) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s:
3
a
V
6
=
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y
mt gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s:
3
a 3
V
24
=
Bi 4 : Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
h 3
V
3
=
Bi 5 : Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh
bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
h 3
V
8
=
Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v
o
ASB 60 = .
1) Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp u. s:
2
a 3
S
3
=
2) Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
a 2
V
6
=
Bi 7 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn
bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
2h
V
3
=
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45
o
v khong
cch t chn ng cao ca chp n mt bn bng a.
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Tnh th tch hnh chp . s:
3
8a 3
V
3
=
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp t gic u c cnh bn bng a hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
a 3
V
12
=
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng
SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca hnh chp ny khi th tch ca
n bng
3
9a 2
V
2
= . s: AB = 3a
4) Dng 4 : Khi chp & phng php t s th tch

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B, 2 AC a = ,
SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA a =
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.
2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng (o ) qua AG v song song
vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN


G
M
N
I
C
B
A
S






Li gii:
a)Ta c:
.
1
.
3
S ABC ABC
V S SA =
v SA a =
+ : 2 ABCc n c AC a AB a A = =
2
1
2
ABC
S a =
Vy:
3
2
1 1
. .
3 2 6
SABC
a
V a a = =

b) Gi I l trung im BC.
G l trng tm,ta c :
2
3
SG
SI
=

o // BC MN// BC
2
3
SM SN SG
SB SC SI
= = =


4
.
9
SAMN
SABC
V SM SN
V SB SC
= =

Vy:
3
4 2
9 27
SAMN SABC
a
V V = =


V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB a = . Trn ng thng qua C
v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly im D sao cho CD a = . Mt phng qua
C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ) CE ABD
c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

?
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a
a
F
E
B
A
C
D






Li gii:
a)Tnh
ABCD
V
:
3
ABCD ABC
1 a
V S .CD
3 6
= =
b)Tac:
, AB AC AB CD ( ) AB ACD
AB EC
Ta c: DB EC ( ) EC ABD
c) Tnh
EF DC
V
:Ta c:
. (*)
DCEF
DABC
V DE DF
V DA DB
=

M
2
. DE DA DC = , chia cho
2
DA

2 2
2 2
1
2 2
DE DC a
DA DA a
= = =
Tng t:
2 2
2 2 2
1
3
DF DC a
DB DB DC CB
= = =
+

T(*)
1
6
DCEF
DABC
V
V
=
.Vy
3
1
6 36
DCEF ABCD
a
V V = =


V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng ) (o qua A, B v
trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia
bi mt phng .


N
S
O
M
B
D
C
A

Li gii:
K MN // CD (N ) SD e th hnh thang ABMN
l thit din ca khi chp khi ct bi mt
phng (ABM).
+
SABCD SADB SANB
SADB
SAND
V V V
SD
SN
V
V
4
1
2
1
2
1
= = = =
SABCD SBCD SBMN
SBCD
SBMN
V V V
SD
SN
SC
SM
V
V
8
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
.
2
1
. = = = = =
M V
SABMN
= V
SANB
+ V
SBMN
=
SABCD
V
8
3
.
Suy ra V
ABMN.ABCD
=
SABCD
V
8
5

Do :
5
3
.
=
ABCD ABMN
SABMN
V
V


V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn
to vi y gc 60
o
. Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song
song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF)
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I
O
A
B
C
D
S
E
F
M
b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF













Li gii:
a) Gi I SO AM = . Ta c (AEMF) //BD
EF // BD
b) . D D
1
.
3
S ABC ABC
V S SO =
vi
2
D ABC
S a =

+ SOA c :
6
. tan 60
2
a
SO AO
o
= =

Vy :
3
. D
6
6
S ABC
a
V =

c) Phn chia chp t gic ta c
. EMF S A
V
= V
SAMF
+ V
SAME
=2V
SAMF

. S ABCD
V
= 2V
SACD
= 2 V
SABC

Xt khi chp S.AMF v S.ACD
Ta c :
1
2
SM
SC
=

SAC A c trng tm I, EF // BD nn:

2
3
SI SF
SO SD
= =
D
1
.
3
SAMF
SAC
V SM SF
V SC SD
= =

3
D D
1 1 6
3 6 36
SAMF SAC SAC
a
V V V = = =
3 3
. EMF
6 6
2
36 18
S A
a a
V = =


V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung
gc y, 2 SA a = . Gi B, D l hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt
phng (ABD) ct SC ti C.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ' ') SC AB D
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD

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A
S
I
O
D
B
C
C'
D'
B'















Li gii:
a) Ta c:
3
.
1 2
.
3 3
S ABCD ABCD
a
V S SA = =

b) Ta c ( ) ' BC SAB BC AB
& ' SB AB Suy ra: ' ( ) AB SBC
nn AB' SC .Tng t AD' SC.
Vy SC (AB'D')
c) Tnh
. ' ' ' S AB C D
V

+Tnh
. ' ' S AB C
V
: Ta c:
' '
' '
. (*)
SAB C
SABC
V SB SC
V SB SC
=

SAC A vung cn nn
' 1
2
S C
S C
=

Ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
' 2 2 2
3 3
SB SA a a
SB SB SA AB a
= = = =
+

T
' '
1
(*)
3
SAB C
SABC
V
V
=


3 3
' '
1 2 2
.
3 3 9
SAB C
a a
V = =

+
3
. ' ' ' . ' '
2 2
2
9
S AB C D S AB C
a
V V = =


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho t din ABCD. Gi B' v C' ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC.
Tnh t s th tch ca khi t din AB'C'D v khi t din ABCD. s:
1
k
4
=
Bi 2: Cho t din ABCD c th tch 9m
3
,trn AB,AC,AD ln lt ly cc im
B',C',D' sao cho AB = 2AB' ;2AC = 3AD' ;AD = 3AD'. Tnh t tch t din
AB'C'D'. s: V = 2 m
3

Bi 3: Cho t din u ABCD c cnh a. Ly cc im B';C' trn AB v AC sao
cho
a 2a
AB ;AC'
2 3
= = . Tnh th tch t din AB'C'D . s:
3
a 2
V
36
=
Bi 4: Cho t dinABCD c th tch 12 m
3
.Gi M,P l trung im ca AB v CD
v ly N trn AD sao cho DA = 3NA. Tnh th tch t din BMNP. s: V = 1 m
3

Bi 5: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a 3 ,ng cao
SA = a.Mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SB ti H v ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch
hnh chp SAHK. s:
3
a 3
V
40
=
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 27m
3
.Ly A'trn SA sao cho
SA = 3SA'. Mt phng qua A' v song song vi y hnh chp ct SB,SC,SD ln
lt ti B',C',D' .Tnh th tch hnh chp SA'B'C'D'. s: V = 1 m
3

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Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 9m
3
, ABCD l hnh bnh hnh ,
ly M trn SA sao cho 2SA = 3SM. Mt phng (MBC) ct SD ti N.Tnh th tch
khi a din ABCDMN . s: V = 4m
3

Bi 8: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, chiu cao SA = h.
Gi N l trung im SC. Mt phng cha AN v song song vi BD ln lt ct
SB,SDF ti M v P. Tnh th tch khi chp SAMNP. s:
2
a h
V
9
=
Bi 9 : Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v I l trung im
ca SC.Mt phng qua AI v song song vi BD chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn.Tnh
t s th tch 2 phn ny. s:
1
k
2
=
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v ly M trn
SA sao cho
SM
x
SA
= Tm x mt phng (MBC) chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn c
th tch bng nhau. s:
5 1
x
2

=

5) Dng 5 : n tp khi chp v lng tr

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung
gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60
o
v M l trung im ca SB.
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD.



.
2a
o
60
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
a)Ta c
1
.
3
ABCD
V S SA =

+
2 2
(2 ) 4
ABCD
S a a = =
+ : tan 2 6 SAC c SA AC C a A = =
3
2
1 8 6
4 .2 6
3 3
a
V a a = =

b) K / / ( ) MH SA MH DBC
Ta c:
1
2
MH SA = ,
1
2
BCD ABCD
S S =


3
D
1 2 6
4 3
MBC
a
V V = =


V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc mt
bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi chp.

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60
A
C
B
H
S
F E
J


Li gii:
H SH ) ( ABC , k HEAB, HFBC, HJAC
suy ra SEAB, SFBC, SJ AC . Ta c
O
SEH SFH SJH 60 = = =
SJH SFH SAH A = A = A nn HE =HF = HJ = r
( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip ABC A )
Ta c S
ABC
= ) )( )( ( c p b p a p p
vi p =
a
c b a
9
2
=
+ +
Nn S
ABC
=
2
2 . 3 . 4 . 9 a
Mt khc S
ABC
= p.r
3
6 2 a
p
S
r = =

Tam gic vung SHE:
SH = r.tan 60
0
= a
a
2 2 3 .
3
6 2
=
Vy V
SABC
=
3 2
3 8 2 2 . 6 6
3
1
a a a =
.

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c 3 AB a = , AD = a,
AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD.
a) Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD
b) Tnh th tch khi OBBC.
c) Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC.



M
O
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B A







Li gii:
a) Gi th tch khi hp ch nht l V.
Ta c : . D.AA' V AB A =
2 3
3. 3 a a a = =

2 2
: 2 ABD c DB AB AD a A = + =
* Khi OABCD c y v ng cao
ging khi hp nn:
3
' ' ' '
1 3
3 3
OA B C D
a
V V = =

b) M l trung im BC
( ' ') OM BBC

2 3
' ' ' '
1 1 3 3
. . .
3 3 2 2 12
OBB C BB C
a a a
V S OM = = =

c) Gi CH l ng cao nh C ca t
din OBBC. Ta c :
' '
'
3
'
OBB C
OBB
V
C H
S
=

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2 2
: 2 ABD c DB AB AD a A = + =

2
'
1
2
OBB
S a =
' 2a 3 C H =

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a.
Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.







a
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
Hnh lp phng c chia thnh: khi
ACBD v bn khi CBDC, BBAC,
DACD, ABAD.
+Cc khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD,
ABAD c din tch y v chiu cao
bng nhau nn c cng th tch.
Khi CBDC c
2 3
1
1 1 1
. .
3 2 6
V a a a = =

+Khi lp phng c th tch:
3
2
V a =


3 3 3
' '
1 1
4.
6 3
ACB D
V a a a = =


V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC.
b) E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th tch khi
CABFE.



J
I F
E
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A


Li gii:
a) Khi AB BC:Gi I l trung im AB,
' ' ' '
1
.
3
A B BC A B B
V S CI =
2 3
1 3 3
.
3 2 2 12
a a a
= =

b)Khi CABFE: phn ra hai khi CEFA
v CFAB.
+Khi ACEFc y l CEF, ng cao
AA nn ' EF EF
1
. '
3
A C C
V S A A =


2
EF
1 3
4 16
C ABC
a
S S = =
3
' EF
3
48
A C
a
V =

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Trang 33
+Gi J l trung im BC. Ta c khi
ABCF c y l CFB, ng cao JA
nn
' ' F FB'
1
. '
3
A B C C
V S A J =

2
FB' '
1
2 4
C CBB
a
S S = =


2 3
' ' F
1 3 3
3 4 2 24
A B C
a a a
V = =

+ Vy :
3
A'B'FE
3
16
C
a
V =


Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c ABC vung. AB = AC = a; AA
1
= a 2 .
M l trung im AA
1
. Tnh th tch lng tr MA
1
BC
1
s:V =
12
2
3
a

Bi 2: Hnh chp SABCD c ABC vung ti B, SA(ABC).

ACB = 60
o
,
BC = a, SA = a 3 ,M l trung im SB.Tnh th tch MABC . s: V
MABC
=
3
4
1
a

Bi 3: SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi y ln AB = 2,

ACB = 90
o
.
SAC v SBD l cc tam gic u c cnh bng 3 . Tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD. s: VSABCD =
6
4

Bi 4: Tnh th tch hnh chp tam gic u SABC trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Cnh y bng 1, gc ABC = 60
o
. s: V =
2
12

b) AB = 1, SA = 2 . s: V =
11
12

Bi 5. Cho lng tr ABCABC c di cnh bn = 2a, ABC vung ti A,
AB = a, AC = a 3 . Hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im BC.
Tnh VAABC theo a? s: V =
3
a
2

Bi 6: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v SABCD = 3 v
gc gia 2 ng cho bng 60
o
, cc cnh bn nghing u vi y 1 gc 45
o
.
Tnh VSABCD . s:
3
V
3
=
Bi 7: Cho hnh chp SABC c SA = SB = SC = a. ASB = 60
o
, BSC = 90
o
,
CSA = 120
o
.Chng minh rng ABC vung .Tnh VSABC . s:
a 2
V
12
=
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Trang 34
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA = a
,SB= 3 a v mt phng (SAB) vung gc mt phng y. Gi M,N ln lt l
trung im ca cc cnh AB.BC.Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.BMDN
s:
3
.
3
3
S BMDN
a
v =

Bi 9: Cho lng tr ng tam gic u ABCABC c cnh y v cnh bn u
bng a. M, N, E ln lt l trung im ca BC, CC, CA. Tnh t s th tch hai
phn lng tr do (MNE) to ra. s: k = 1
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a,mt bn SAD l tam
gic u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y .Gi M,N ln lt l trung
im ca cc cnh SB,BC,CD.Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch
ca khi t din CMNP.
s :
3
.
3
96
M CNP
a
v =


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