N TP VN TI V BO HIM NGHIP V GIAO NHN VN TI I. Vn ti bin 1) Cng bin? Phn loi cng bin? C s vt cht k thut ca vn ti ng bin?

Ch tiu nh gi hot ng ca cng bin? Cng bin l ni ra vo, neo u of tu bin, l ni phc v tu b v hang ha, l mi giao thong quan trng. Cng bin c phn thnh cc loi sau y: 1. Cng bin loi I: l cng bin c bit quan trng, c quy m ln phc v cho vic pht trin kinh t - x hi ca c nc hoc lin vng. Vd: Hi Phng, Cm Ph, Hn Gai, Nghi Sn, Ca L, Vng ng, Chn My, Nng, Dung Qut, Quy Nhn, Vn Phong, Nha Trang, Ba Ngi, H Ch Minh, Vng Tu, ng Nai v Cn Th. 2. Cng bin loi II: l cng bin quan trng, c quy m va phc v cho vic pht trin kinh t ca vng - a phng. Vd: Cng bin Mi Cha(qung Ninh), Cng bin Thun An (TT-Hue), Cng bin Qung Nam, Cng bin Sa K (Qug Ngi), Cng bin M Tho, .... 3. Cng bin loi III: l cng bin c quy m nh phc v cho hot ng ca doanh nghip. VD: Cng bin m Rng i, Cng bin m Rng ng, Cng bin m Lan Ty, Cng bin m S T en,.... (ton Vng Tu). C s vt cht k thut ca vn ti ng bin * Cc tuyn ng bin L cc tuyn ng ni hai hay nhiu cng vi nhau trn tu bin hot ng ch khch hoc hng ho * Cng bin L ni ra vo neo u ca tu bin, l ni phc v tu v hng ho trn tu v l u mi giao thng quan trng ca mt quc gia c bin. * Phng tin vn chuyn

Phng tin vn ti bin ch yu l tu bin, tu bin c hai loi: tu bun v tu qun s. s. Ch tiu nh gi hot ng ca cng bin S lng tu or tng dung tix ng k or trng ti ton phn,ra vo cng trog 1 nm. p/a mc nhn nhp of cng. S lng tu c th cng tin hnh xp d trog cng 1 thi gian. Khi lng hng xp d trog 1 nm ->p/a ln, mc hin i, nng xut xp d. Kh nng xp d hng ho ca cng( khi lng tng loi hng ha m cng c th xp d trong 1 ngy of tu)-> p/a mc c gii ha , nng lc xp d. Kh nng cha hng of kho bi cng(din tix m3of kho bi cng, bi container, trm giao nhn g gi hng l-> p/a mc d ln of cng). Chi ph xp d hng ha, cng ph, ph lai dt, hoa tiu, cu bn, xp d container, ... -> p/a nng sut lao ng, trnh qun l. 2)Tu bun?c trng kinh t k thut ca tu bun?Phn loi? Tu bun l tu ch hng or khch v mc ch kim li. c trng kinh t k thut ca tu bun *Kch thc ca tu : + chiu di ton b l khong cch thng gc t mi n ui tu + Chiu di : gia 2 u ng ni + Chiu rng :khong cch thng gc gia 2 im rng nht ca thnh tu *Mm nc :l khong cch thng gc t y tu ln mt nc l 1 i lng khng i + Mm nc ti a : l mm nc khi tu ch y hng v an ton + mm nc ti thu : l mm nc khi tu khng ch hng cn gi l mm nc cu to Tu bun l nhng tu bin c dng vo mc ch kinh t trong hng Tu qun s l nhng tu c trang b kh ti phc v cho mc ch qun hi. Tu ch hng l mt loi tu bun chim t l cao nht trong i tu bun.

* Trng lng tu = trng lng ca khi nc b phn chm ca tu chim ch (tn di) c chia lm 2 loi : + Trng lng nh :trng lng ca tu cha ch hng ,bao gm trng lng ca v tu, trng lng nc ni hi + Trng lng nng: trng lng tu khi ch hng =trng lng nh + trng lng hng hatu c th ch c mm nc ti a * Trng ti ca tu : l sc ch ca tu (tn ) v cng c chia lm 2 loi: + trng ti ton phn (Vd: tng trng of nc, thc phm, hng ha,..)= trng ti ch y hng - trng ti tu khng hng + trng ti tnh (trng ti thc dng ) l trng ti hng ha TMQT m tu c th ch c Trng ti tnh < trng ti ton phn 10 n 20 % * Dung tch cha hng ca tu : kh nng xp cc loi hng khc nhau ca tu - Dung tch cha hng ri :l dung tch cha hng ca tu khi chuyn ch cc loi hng ri - Dung tch cha hng bao kin : l dung tch cha hng ca tu khi chuyn ch cc loi hng bao kin Dung tch ri > 510% dung tch hng bao kin * Dung tch ng k ca tu :sc cha ca tu tnh bng n v th tch hac tn dung tch ng k 1 tn dung tch ng k =2,83 m3 - C 2 loi dung tch ng k : + dung tch ng k ton phn : th tch ca nhng khoang trng khp kn trn tu bao gm c khoang cha hng ,khoang cha nc ,bung my,khoang cha nhin liu, phng n ca cc s quan thy th + dung tch ng k tnh (dung tch ng k thc dng ) ldung tch ng k cc khoang trng cha hng v ch tiu ny dng tnh c ph hoc ph khi qua cc knh o quc t.

* H s xp hng ca tu- Coefficient of Loading(CL): mi quan h gia dung tch cha hng ca tu v trng ti tnh ca tu = CS/DWCC => Cho bit mt tn trng ti tnh ca tu tng ng vi bao nhiu n v dung tch cha hng ca tu * H s xp hng ca hng- Stowage Factor (SF): mi quan h t l gia th tch v trng lng ca hng khi loi hng ny c xp trong hm tu - Khi xp hng xung hm tu, mun tn dng c ht trng ti v dung tch ca tu th nn chn cc mt hng tha mn: X1 + X2 + .+ Xn = DWCC X1.SF1 + X2.SF2 + + Xn.SFn = CS Trong : X1, X2, , Xn l khi lng ca cc mt hng SF1, SF2, , SFn l h s xp hng tng ng ca cc mt hng trn DWCC l trng ti tnh ca tu CS l dung tch cha hng ca tu Tu chuyn l g? Thu tu chuyn l g? c im ca phng thc thu tu chuyn? Cc phng thc thu tu chuyn? Khi nim tu chuyn Tu chuyn l tu khng chy thng xuyn trn mt tuyn ng nht nh, khng gh qua nhng cng nht nh v khng theo mt lch trnh nh trc. Thu tu chuyn (Voyage) l ch tu (Ship-owner) cho ngi thu tu (Charterer) thu ton b hay mt phn chic tu chuyn ch hng ha t cng ny n cng khc. Trong phng thc thu tu chuyn, mi quan h gia ngi thu tu (ch hng) vi ngi cho thu tu (ch tu) c iu chnh bng mt vn bn gi l hp ng thu tu chuyn (Voyage charter party) vit tt l C/P. Hp ng thu tu do hai bn tho thun k kt. c im ca tu chuyn * i tng chuyn ch ca tu chuyn: Tu chuyn thng chuyn ch nhng loi hng c khi lng ln, tnh cht ca hng ho chuyn ch tng i thun nht v thng ch y tu. CL

* Tu vn chuyn: Tu vn chuyn theo phng thc chuyn thng c cu to mt boong, ming hm ln thun tin cho vic bc hng. * iu kin chuyn ch: Khc vi tu ch, i vi tu chuyn, iu kin chuyn ch, cc ph, chi ph d hng ho ln xung . c quy nh c th trong hp ng thu tu do ngi thu v ngi cho thu tho thun. * Cc ph: cc tu chuyn do ngi thu v ngi cho thu tho thun a vo hp ng, n c th bao gm c chi ph xp d hoc khng tu quy nh. Cc tu chuyn thngbin ng hn cc tu ch * Th trng tu chuyn: Th trng tu chuyn thng c ngi ta chia ra lm cc th trng khu vc cn c vo phm vi hot ng ca tu. cc phng thc thu tu chuyn - Thu tu chuyn mt (Single Voyage/Single Trip): l vic thu tu chuyn ch mt l hng gia hai cng. Sau khi hng c giao n ngi nhn cng n th hp ng thu tu chuyn ht hiu lc. - Thu tu chuyn kh hi (Round Voyage): vi hnh thc ny ch hng thu tu chuyn ch hng ho t cng ny n cng khc ri li chuyn ch hng ngc li cng ban u hoc cng ln cn theo cng mt hp ng thu tu. - Thu chuyn lin tc (Consecutive Voyage): vi hnh thc ny ch hng thu tu chuyn ch hng ho lin tc trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Ch hng dng hnh thc ny khi c khi lng hng ho ln, nhu cu chuyn ch hng thng xuyn. - Thu tu theo hp ng c khi lng ln hng ha: cc ch tu c khi lng hng ln, X-NK trn 1 tuyn ng c nh, thng k vi ch tu thu chuyn ch 1 s chuyn nht nh trog 1 nm hay 1 khi lng hang ha nht nh trn 1 tuyn ng trog 1 thi gian nht nh. Gi cc trog trng hp ny r hn gi th trng. 2) Tu ch l g? c im ca tu ch? Khi no th nn thu tu ch? a. Khi nim tu ch Tu ch l tu chy thng xuyn trn mt tuyn ng nht nh, gh qua nhng cng nht nh theo lch trnh nh trc.

Tu ch hot ng trn tuyn ng nht nh nn ngi ta cn gi l tu nh tuyn. Lch chy tu thng c cc hng tu cng b trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng phc v khch hng. b. c im tu ch Cn c vo hot ng ca tu ch, chng ta c th rt ra nhng c im c bn ca tu ch nh sau: * Tu ch thng ch hng bch ho c khi lng nh. * Cc ph thng gm chi ph xp d hang ha v c tnh ton theo biu cc. * iu kin chuyn ch do cc hng tu quy nh v in sn trn vn n ng bin pht hnh cho ngi gi hng. Khi no th nn thu tu ch? Khi ch hng c hng bch ha, s lng ty v cng xp d nm trog lch trnh of tu. 3)Hp ng thu tu mu l g ? Ti sao phi dng hp ng thu tu mu? C nhng loi hp ng thu tu mu no Hp ng thu tu chuyn l kt qu ca mt qu trnh m phn, thng lng gi hai bn ri c ghi chp li thnh vn bn. Mi ln k hp ng l mt ln m phn, nn tit kim thi gian v cng chun ho cc hp ng c cc bn thc hin, cng nhn l tt trong thi gian di, v cng gim cc tranh chp, cc t chc hng hi quc gia, quc t, cc t chc lut php son tho cc hp ng mu da trn cc hp ng ni trn v khuyn cc nh kinh doanh nn dng trong nghip v thu tu chuyn . C nhng loi hp ng thu tu mu no + Mu hp ng thu tu chuyn mang tnh tng hp : Nh cc mu GENCON dng thu tu chuyn ch cc loi hng bch ho, Mu SCANCON + Mu hp ng mang tnh chuyn dng dng chuyn ch cc loi hng ho c khi lng ln nh : Than , Qung , Xi mng ,Ng cc ....trn cc tuyn, lung hng nht nh nh : Mu NORGRAIN dng thu ch ng cc, Mu SOVCOAL ch than, Mu CUBASUGAR thu ch ng . 4) Gii thch v mt s iu khon trong hp ng thu tu chuyn:

* Ch th ca hp ng: Ch th ca hp ng thu tu chuyn bao gm: ch tu (hoc ngi chuyn ch) v ngi thu tu (ngi xut khu hoc ngi nhp khu). Trong hp ng thu tu cn ghi r tn, a ch ca cc bn. Nhng i l hoc ngi mi gii l ngi c u thc k hp ng thu tu th phi ghi r cui hp ng ch ch l i l as Agent Only mc ch xc nh t cch ca ngi k hp ng. * iu khon v tu K cc c trng kinh t k thut ca tu : trng ti ton phn, dung tch ng k ton phn v tnh, dung tch cha hng ri v hng bao kin, mn nc, chiu di+ngang of tu, tc tu, cu trc tu, s lng cn cu v sc nng, v tr of tu. Ngoi ra cn lu nhng thng tin g v tu ? : tn tu, quc tch tu, nm ng, ni ng, treo c nc no, V yu cu tu phi c bo him trch nhim. iu khon thi gian tu vo cng lm hng. ETA l g NOR l g? * iu khon v thi gian tu n cng xp hng L thi gian tu phi n cng xp hng nhn hng chuyn ch theo quy nh. Nh vy iu khon ny ch tu phi c trch nhim iu tu n cng xp hng ng thi gian quy nh trong t th sn sng nhn hng xp. C nhiu cch quy nh thi gian tu n cng xp hng nh: quy nh c th, quy nh khong hoc quy nh sau. Trng hp tu n trc thi gian quy nh, ngi thu tu khng nht thit phi giao hng, nhng nu giao hng thi gian s tnh vo thi gian lm hng, ngc li tu n m cha c hng giao th s ngy tu phi ch i s tnh vo thi gian lm hng. Khi k hp ng, tu c thu ang gn cng xp hng, hai bn c th tho thun theo cc iu khon sau: Prompt: Ngha l tu s n cng xp hng vi ba ngy sau khi k hp ng. Promptismo: Ngha l tu s xp hng ngay trong ngy k hp ng. Spot promt: Ngha l tu s xp hng ngay mt vi gi sau khi k hp ng.

Ch tu phi thng bo cho ngi thu tu bit d kin thi gian tu n cng xp hng (extimated time of arrival- ETA) + Ngy hu hp ng: Ngy hu hp ng thng l ngy cui cng ca thi gian tu phi n cng xp hng.Cng c trng hp ngi ta quy nh ngy hu hp ng mun hn mt cht. V mt php l vic tu n mun l vi phm hp ng, mi chi ph a tu n cng xp hng l ch tu phi t gnh chu. Song thc t khng phi tu n mun l ngi thu tu hu hp ng, vic hu hp ng hay khng ngi ta cn cn c vo tng trng hp c th. Expected (estimated) time arrival (ETA) Thi gian d kin hoc c on tu n. Dng thng bo cho bn hu quan bit thi gian d kin tu s n cng ch nh NOR(notice of readiness):thng bo tu sn sng lm hng. Tc dng l tu c th xp d hng, tc l bt u tnh thi hn lm hng (laytime) theo hp ng vn chuyn theo chuyn (voyage charter party) c qui nh v thi hn lm hng - Tu vo cng v sn sng xp d th phi tha mn iu kin g?Tha mn 3 k: n vng thng mi ca cng ( neo u khu vc vn thng xp d hng hay khu vc tu vn thng ch cu), nu hng khng qui nh tu phi cp mt cu c th, gi l h cng hoc tu cp cu qui nh, nu hng quy nh tu phi cp mt cu c th, gi l h bn Sn sng xp d v mi mt NOR c trao cho ngi thu tu hay ngi nhn hng mt cch thch hp iu khon v cng? Ai c ngha v phi ch nh cng Cng phi tha mn iu kin g khon v cng Ty theo yu cu ca ngi thu tu, cng xp d c th l mt hay nhiu cng v c th xp d ti mt hay nhiu cu c th trong cng. H phi ghi r tn cng xp, cng d v tn cu c th(nu c)

Trong TH phi xp d ti nhiu cng, nhiu cu th phi qui nh th t xp d ca cng, cc cu v chi ph di chuyn cu do ai chu. Cng phi tha mn: Cu, cng c su (mn nc) thch hp tu ra vo, neo u an ton v lun u ni hoc chm t m vn an ton An ton v chnh tr (k c chin tranh, nu c ch tu k chu trch nhim v thit hi do chin tranh gy ra) Ngy hy hp ng l ngy no? iu kin hy hp ng khi tu n cng mun c quy nh th no trong hp ng GENCON 1994? Ngay hy hp ng l ngy cui cng tu phi c mt cng iu kin hy hp ng khi tu n cng mun c quy nh th no trong hp ng GENCON 1994 a. Nu tu cha sn sng xp (d cp cu hay cha) vo ngy hu hp ng c ghi trong mc 21, Ngi thu tu s c quyn hu ngang hp ng ny. b. Nu Ch tu lng trc vic tu c th s cha sn sng xp hng vo ngy hu hp ng, d mn cn hp l, th h ngay lp tc phi thng bo cho Ngi thu tu v a ra mc sn sng mi, ng thi yu cu Ngi thu tu xc nhn s thc hin quyn hu hp ng hay chp nhn ngy hu hp ng mi. eNgi thu phi thng bo quyt nh ca mnh trong vng 48 ting sau khi nhn c thng bo ca Ch tu. Nu h khng thc hin quyn hu hp ng, th hp ng ny c xem nh sa i vi thi im hu hp ng mi s l 7 ngy sau thi im sn sng lm hng m ch tu ghi trong thng bo. Mc (b) ca iu khon ny s ch thc hin mt ln, v nu tu tip tc chm ch, Ngi thu tu s c quyn hu hp ng theo mc (a) ca iu khon ny. Ch tu gi ETA thng bo tu vo mun 2 ngy so vi thi gian quy nh. Ngi thu tu phi lm gi?C 2 cch : C 1 :Thng bo hy hng cho ch tu trong vng 48 ting k t khi nhn ETA

C2 : Nu thy ko cn thit phi hy hng th ngi thu tu c th tha thun tip tc hng nhng vi gi cc thp hn nu thy gi cc trn th trng thu tu c xu hng h iu khon v hng ha c quy nh nh th no? Ghi r tn hng, loi bao b, k m hiu, trng lng, s lng, tnh cht nguy him (nu c) S lng, trng lng ko nn quy nh cng nhc m phi tha thun mt t l dung sai nht nh, thng do thuyn trng qui nh khi xp hng ln tu Hng cng c th qnh mt khi lng hng ti a, ti thiu Thi gian lm hng l gi? c quy nh th no? Thi gian lm hng l gi? L khong thi gian xp d hng do 2 bn tha thun trong hng dnh cho vic xp hng ti cng xp v d hng ti cng d Nu ngi thu tu tin hnh xp d hng nhanh hn th gian qui nh th ch tu s thng mt khon tin, ngc li nu xp d chm hn th bi pht mt khon tin. c quy nh th no? Phi q inh r rng c th xc nh : s ngy, gi cho vic xp d, nhng th gian no ko tnh vo th gian lm hng, mc tnh th gian lm hng, nu khi trao NOR m tu cha vo cng, vo cu, cha lm xong th tc Hi quan, v sinh y t th c bt u tnh th gian lm hng hay ko ? Th no l WIBON, WIPON, WIFON, WICCON V v thi gian lm hng c bt u tnh hay k. nu NOR c trao m tu cha vo carmg, cha vo cu, cha lm xong th tc Hi quan, v sinh, y t th ch tu thng yu cu qui nh hoc qui nh trong hp ng l : WIPON ( whether in Port or Not) : thi gian lm hng c tnh, d tu c vo cng hay cha WIBON (whether in Berth or Not) : thi gian lm hng c tnh, d tu c cp cu hay cha

WICCON (Whether in Customs Cleared or Not ) : thi gian lm hng c tnh, d tu lm th tc hi quan hay cha WIFON Whether in free practique or not: : thi gian lm hng c tnh, d qua kim dch hay cha iu khon v thanh ton cc ph quy nh nhng ni dung g? th no l cc ph tr trc, th no l cc ph tr sau ? Vi nhng iu kin no ca Incoterms 2000 phi tr cc ph trc ? iu kin no no c th tha thun cc ph tr sau? Ti sao? iu khon v thanh ton cc ph quy nh nhng ni dung g? Mc gi cc ( q nh mc gi v phng thc thanh ton tin cc, ng tin tnh cc, v tnh cc). Mc gi cc tnh theo trng lng nu l hng nng, theo th tch nu l hng nh hay theo kiu thu bao cho c chuyn tu. Mc gi tnh cc c gm chi ph xp, d, co sang hay ko Trng lng, khi lng tnh cc : c th l trng lng lc nhn hng hay l lc nhn hng Th ton tin cc : tr trc, tr sau, tr tr mt phn v tr sau mt phn th no l cc ph tr trc, th no l cc ph tr sau Cc ph tr trc l tr ti cng xp hng, sau khi k vn n mt s ngy Cc ph tr sau l tr ti cng n. Thi im tr c th tr khi bt u d hng, tr ng thi vi vic d hng hay tr sau khi d hng xong hay tr sau khi giao hng xong Vi nhng iu kin no ca Incoterms 2000 phi tr cc ph trc ? iu kin no no c th tha thun cc ph tr sau? Ti sao? Cc ph tr trc : nhm C, D v quyn vn ti thuc v ngi bn Cc ph tr sau : nhm E, F v quyn vn ti thuc v ngi mua Ti sao trong hp ng thu tu chuyn cn quy nh v chi ph xp d? FI ? FO, FIO, Liner terms l g? Khi thu tu nn quy nh th no? Ti sao trong hp ng thu tu chuyn cn quy nh v chi ph xp d?

V trong hng thu tu chuyn, ch tu v ngi thu tu c th tha thun phn chia chi ph xp hng ln tu cng i v d hng khi tu cng n xem ai l ngi chu chi ph ny, ni r mc gi cc c gm chi ph xp d hay ko FI ? FO, FIO, Liner terms l g? FI : k min xp hng : ch tu c min trch nhim v ch ph xp hng ln tu cng i nhng phi chu trch nhim v ch ph d hng khi tu cng n. Ng thu tu chu trch nhim v ch ph xp hng ln tu cng i. FO : k min d hng : ch tu c min trch nhim v ch ph d hng khi tu cng n nhng phi chu trch nhim v ch ph xp hng ln tu cng i. Ng thu tu chu trch nhim v ch ph d hng khi tu cng n FIO : k min xp d : ch tu c min trch nhim v ch ph v vic xp hng ln tu v d hng khi tu. Ch ph xp d do ngi thu tu chu Liner terms : k tu ch : ch tu phi chu trch nhim v ch ph v vic xp hng ln tu, sp xp hng trong hm tu, chn lt v d hng Khi thu tu nn quy nh th no? Nu c ch ph xp hng ( hng bao kin) v ch ph co san (hng ri) trong hm tu th phi qui nh do ai chu. Nu min cho tu th thm ch S hoc ch T sau FI, FO, FIO tr thnh FIS, FOS, FIOT. Cc thut ng ny trong hng thu tu chuyn thng i km vi cc mc gi cc ni r mc gi cc c gm ch ph xp d hay ko. Cc thut ng ni trn (FI, FO, FIO) ch r mi quan h gia ch tu v ngi thu tu v vic xp d hng, ch ko phi gia ngi mua v ngi bn. Thi gian lm hng l g ? C nhng cch quy nh v thi gian lm hng th no? Gii thch cch hiu v Running day- Working day- Working Day of 24 hoursWorking Day of 24 consecutive hours- Weather Working Day- trong hp ng thu tu chuyn Thi gian lm hng l g ? L khong thi gian xp d hng do 2 bn tha thun trong hng dnh cho vic xp hng ti cng xp v d hng ti cng d

Nu ngi thu tu tin hnh xp d hng nhanh hn th gian qui nh th ch tu s thng mt khon tin, ngc li nu xp d chm hn th bi pht mt khon tin. C nhng cch quy nh v thi gian lm hng th no Qy nh mt ngy c th cho vic xp, d hay c xp v d Quy nh mc xp d i vi hng ha : /v hng ri nh than, qung, xi mng, phn bn (ty theo nng sut xp, d ca cng) Gii thch cch hiu v Running day- Working day- Working Day of 24 hoursWorking Day of 24 consecutive hours- Weather Working Day- trong hp ng thu tu chuyn Running day : ngy theo lch. Working day : ngy lm vic ti cng c lin quan, do ko bao gm ch nht v cc ngy l chnh thc ti cng . Ngy lm vic l ngay 24 ting, tnh t na m hm trc n na m hm sau, d vic xp d c tin hnh sut 24 ting hay ko Working day of 24 hours : ngy lm vic 24 ting (c 24 ting lm vic th tnh mt ngy, d phi mt nhiu ngy lm vic mi 24 ting Working day of 24 consecutive hours : ngy lm vic 24 ting lin tc (c 24 ting lm vic lin tc th tnh mt ngy, k c ngy hay m) Weather working days : l ngy lm vic thi tit tt, tc l ngy lm vic m thi tit ko nh hng n vic xp d. Nu trong ngay lm vic m mt s gi thi tit xu nh ma, bo ko xp d c th ko tnh nhng gi . WWDSHEX: weather working day, Sunday, holiday excluded: ch nht v ngy l khng tnh. WWDSHInc: Weather working day, Sunday, Holiday included: ch nht v ngy l c tnh (hng ha c xp d trong vng...ngy thi tit tt k c ch nht v ngy l)

WWDSHEXUU: weather working day, Sunday, holiday excluded unless used: ch nht v ngy l khng tnh tr khi c lm (l nu xp d hng vo ngy ch nht v ngy l th s tnh, nu khng lm th khng tnh) WWDSHEXEU: weather working day, Sunday, holiday excluded even if used: ch nht v ngy l khng tnh, d c lm hay khng. Quy nh theo nh mc xp d: p dng cho mt hng ri, khi lng ln nh than, qung, xi mng, phan bn... mc xp d c th quy nh cho ton tu trong mt ngy (VD: 2000MT/tu/ngy) hoc s mng/cu hot ng trong mt ngy. Quy nh theo tp qun: quy nh hng ha xp d theo tp qun ca cng hoc bng nhng t ng chung chung (nh: cng nhanh cng tt, nhanh nh tu c th nhn v giao, theo tp qun ca cng) (khng quy nh s ngy xp d hoc mc xp d, khng c vn thng pht na.) +Kh nng xp d Khi no th c th quy nh thi gian lm hng chung cho c thi gian xp thi gian d? Khi no th quy nh ring? Ti sao? Mc tnh thi gian lm hng trong hp ng thu tu chuyn l: sau mt vi ngy hoc sau mt vi gi khi thng bo sn sng xp d hng c (NOR) c trao v chp nhn (thy theo quy nh ca hp ng). Hp ng GENCON 194 quy nh v mc tnh thi gian lm hng: + NOR c trao trc 12h ca ngy lm vic: thi gian xp d hng tnh t 13h + Trong gi lm vic bui chiu: tnh t 6h ca ngy lm vic u tin sau ngy NOR c trao v chp nhn. Pht xp d l khi ngi thu tu xp d hng ha mun hn thi gian quy nh ca hp ng th ngi thu tu s b ch tu pht mt khon tin xp d chm. + Nguyn tc pht: Khi b pht th lun b pht, ngha l khi th gian xp d ht v b pht th tt c nhng ngy sau u b pht, d l ngy lm vic, ch nht, ngy l, tr khi c quy nh r rng l khng pht v ngy l v ch nht. + Ngi thu tu tr tin pht cho ch tu.

+ Nu iu kin giao hng FOB v thi gian lm hng vt qu thi gian cho php th ngi np pht l ngi bn. Thng xp d hng l nu ngi thu tu hon thnh vic xp d hng sm hn quy nh th s c ch tu thng mt khon tin. + Nguyn tc thng: trong hp ng cn ghi r l thng cho thi gian no: ton b thi gian tit kim c hay ch thi gian lm vic tit kim c. + Ch tu tr tin thng xp d cho ngi thu tu Cch tnh thng pht xp d: iu khon (b lut) ISM: l b lut Qun l an ton quc t, c son tho m bo an ton hng hi v phong nga nhim mi trng do tu bin gy ra. (Cc ch tu phi xy dng cc ni quy, quy trnh, quy phm khai thc, qun l tu v thuyn vin, ra nhim v r rng cho tng ngi, nhng thao tc c th khi c tai nn v s c xy ra...di dng vn bn php quy ca ton cng ty.) iu khon v tn tht chung: l thng bo bng vn bn ca ngi nhn hng, ni r tnh trng tn tht ca hng ha, gi cho ngi fhcuyeen ch trong thi gian quy nh bao lu quyn khiu ni vi ngi chuyn ch. + tn tht r rt: tn tht c th nhn thy c, vic thng bo tn tht c thc hin bng bin bn d hng do cng v ngi nhn lp. Bin bn phi lp trong thi hn: trc hoc trong lc giao hng, hoc khng mun hn ngy lm vic sau ngy giao hng. + Tn tht khng r rt: thng bo tn tht bng Th d khng cho ngi chuyn ch trong thi hn: 3 ngy k t ngy giao hng hoawcj15 ngy lin tc k t ngy giao hng. iu khon hai tu m v cng c li: Nu tu ny m va vo vi con tu khc do hu qu ca s bt cn ca con tu kia v do hnh vi s sut, sai st trong hnh hi hay qun l tu ca thuyn trng, thuyn vin, hoa tiu, hay ngi lm thu cho Ch tu, ch hng trn tu ny s cam kt min trch nhim cho Ch tu i vi tt c cc tn tht hoc trch nhim i vi tu kia hoc ch con tu y, trong chng mc nhng tn tht v trch nhim ny tng ng vi tn tht, thit hi, hay khiu ni c bn th ba, tu kia hoc ch con tu tr hoc cam kt tr cho

ch hng ny, ng thi c tu hoc ch tu kia gii quyt, khu tr, bi hon nh l mt phn trong khiu ni ca ch tu y i vi tu hoc ch tu ny. Cc iu khon ni trn cng s p dng khi li lin quan n v m va thuc v ch tu, ngi khai thc, hay ngi qun l ca tu hoc i tng b m va. iu khon v nh cng, chin trang, bt kh khng: Ngi chuyn ch v tu khng chu trch nhim iu khon v ngun lut iu chnh v a im gii quyt tranh chp: + Ngun lut iu chnh: xt x ti Lun n theo lut Anh, ti New York theo lut M, hoc xt x tranh chp ti Trung tm Trng ti quc t theo lut Vit Nam. + a im gii quyt tranh chp: Bng ta n: Ni kinh doanh ca bn b hay ni c tr thng xuyn ca bn b, hoc, Ni k kt hp ng, vi iu kin l ti bn b c tr s kinh doanh, chi nhnh hay i l qua hp ng c k kt, hoc Cng xp hay cng d, hoc Bt k mt a im b sung no do hp ng quy nh Bng trng ti: Mt a im trong mt nc m trn lnh th ca nc c: ni kinh doanh chnh ca bn b hay ni c tr thng xuyn ca bn b, hoc ni k kt hp ng, vi iu kin l ti bn b c tr s kinh doanh, chi nhnh hay i l qua hp ng c k kt, hoc cng xp hng hay cng d hng. Bt k mt a im no iu khon Trng ti hay tha thun cho mc ch trn quy nh. 5.Thu tu nh hn: Khi nim: Thu tu nh hn (Time Charter) l ch tu (Ship-owner) cho ngi thutu (Charterer) thu ton b con tu chuyn ch hng ha trong mt khong thi gian v trong mt hoc nhiu vng khai thc nht nh, tu cho thu nh hn th ch tu mt quyn kim sot trong vic iu ng v khai thc hng ha nhng vn trc tip qun l v tr lng cho i thuyn vin. Trong phng thc

thu tu nh hn, mi quan h gia ngi thu tu vi ngi chtu c iu chnh bng mt vn bn gi l hp ng thu tu nh hn (Time charter) vit tt l T/C. Cc phng thc thu tu nh hn: -Thu ton b: tc l thu ton b con tu cng thuyn b (Thuyn trng, s quan, thy th). Trong hnh thc ny c 2 cch: +Thu theo thi hn: thu tu trong mt thi gian, c th l 6 thng, 1 nm, nhiu nm +Thu nh hn chuyn: thu kiu nh hn, nhng ch 1 chuyn. -Thu nh hn trn: Ch tu cho ngi thu tu thu con tu m khng c thuyn b. Trong trng hp ny, ngi thu tu phi bin ch thuyn b mi c th khai thc c con tu. So snh s khc bit gia phng thc thu tu chuyn v thu tu nh hn : Tu chuyn Voyage Charter -Vn bn iu chnh mi quan h gia cc bn trong thu tu chuyn l hp ng thu tu chuyn v vn n ng bin. -Ngi thu tu c th t do tha thun, mc c v cc iu kin chuyn ch v gi cc trong hp ng thu tu. -Gi cc c th gm c chi ph xp d hoc khng l do tha thun ca 2 bn. Gi cc c tnh theo trng lng hng, th tch hng hoc gi thu bao cho 1 chuyn. -Ch tu c th l ngi chuyn ch hoc khng. Tu nh hn Time Charter -Vn bn iu chnh mi quan h gia cc bn trong thu tu nh hn l hp ng thu tu nh hn. H thu tu nh hn mang tnh cht l 1 hp ng ti sn c k kt gia ch tu v ngi thu tu. -Ngi thu tu phi tr cho ch tu tin thu (Hire), ch khng phi tin cc (Freight). Tin thu tu c tnh theo ngy/thng cho ton b tu hoc theo 1 n v trng ti hay dung tch ca tu. Ngoi tin thu tu, ngi thu tu cn phi chu cc

chi ph hot ng ca con tu nh: nhin liu, nc ngt, cng ph, i l, hoa hng mi gii vt liu chn lt -Ch tu khng ng vai tr l ngi chuyn ch. Ngi thu tu ng vai tr l ngi chuyn ch. IV. Vn n ng bin: -Khi nim: Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading, Ocean Bill of Lading) l chng t chuyn ch hng ha do ngi chuyn ch hay i din ca ngi chuyn ch cp pht cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu hay sau khi nhn hng ch. -Thi im cp vn n l sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu (Shipping on board) hay sau khi nhn hng xp ln tu (Received for Shipment), cp cho ngi gi hng. Ch k trn vn n: Khi cp vn n, ngi chuyn ch, ch tu hay ngi i din ca h phi k vo vn n v ghi r t cch php l. - Chc nng vn n ng bin: +L bng chng xc nhn hp ng chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin c k kt. +L bin lai nhn hng ch ca ngi chuyn ch. +L chng t xc nhn quyn s hu hng ho ghi trn vn n. -Phn loi vn n ng bin Da vo c im ca hnh trnh, tnh trng hng ho, ghi ch nhn xt ghi trn vn n. c th phn loi nh sau: Cn c vo thi im cp: Vn n xp hng (Shipped on board B/L)v vn n nhn xp (Received for Shipment). Cn c vo kh nng lu thng: Vn n ch danh (Straight B/L), vn n v danh (Bearer B/L) v vn n theo lnh (To order B/L) V theo lnh c c im l c th chuyn nhng c cho ngi khc bng cch k hu. C th k hu trng hay k hu cho mt ngi c th hoc theo lnh ca 1 ngi no . V theo lnh c s dng rng ri trong bun bn quc t bi v n l mt chng t c th lu thng c.

 Cn c vo vic ghi ch trn vn n: Vn n hon ho (Clean B/L) v vn n khng hon ho (Unclean B/L) Cn c vo hnh trnh vn chuyn: Vn n i thng (Direct B/L), vn n i sut (Through B/L) v vn n a phng thc ( Multinational Transport B/L) Cn c vo phng thc thu tu: Vn n tu ch, vn n tu chuyn. Cn c vo i tng pht hnh vn n: Master B/L v House B/L Cn c vo i tng thanh ton cc ph: Prepaid B/L v Collect B/L Cn c vo cch thc xut trnh vn n: Vn n gc (Original B/L), vn n xut trnh cng i (Surrendered B/L), Phiu gi hng ng bin (Seaway bill) -Ni dung ca vn n ng bin: hng vn ti order of..." Bn c thng bo (Notify Party) ghi tn v i ch ca ngi nhn Ni nhn hng (Place of Receive) Cng bc hng ln tu (Port of Loading) Cng d hng (Port of Discharge) Ni giao hng (Place of Delivery) Tn con tu v s hiu con tu (Vessel and Voyage No.) S lng B/L bn chnh c pht hnh (Number of Original) M k hiu hng ha v s lng (Marks and Numbers) S lng v loi kin hng ( Number and kind of Packages) M t hng ha (Discription of Goods) trng lng tng (Gross Weight) Trng lng bao gm c b hng hoc ngn hng m L/C, thng bo v thng tin hng ha, hnh trnh con tu Tn a ch ca Ngi giao hng (Shipper) thng l bn bn. Ngi nhn hng: (Consignee) Nu l vn n ch danh, ny s ghi Tiu ca vn n: Bill of Lading, hoc khng cn ghi tiu Tn ngi chuyn ch: (Shipping Company,Carrier) tn cng ty hay

tn v a ch ca ngi nhn hng, nu l vn n v danh th s ghi "to order", "to

Trng lng tnh (Net Weight) Ngy v ni k pht vn n Vn n ch danh: Hng n cng nhng ngi gi hng yu cu ch

tu khng giao hng cho ngi nhn v l do cha thanh ton tin hng th khng c, v khi ngi nhn hng gi vn n trong tay m trn vn n ch danh c ghi r tn mnh l ngi nhn th ngi nhn hng xem nh l ch ca hng ha v c quyn ly hng ca mnh khi giao vn n cho ch tu. CC CNG C QUC T V VN TI NG BIN V TRCH NHIM CA NGI CHUYN CH I VI HNG HA VN CHUYN THEO VN N Khi nim: Ngi chuyn ch c trch nhim chm sc chu o hng ha v chu trch nhim v cc tn tht do h hng mt mt hng ha t khi bc hng ln tu cho n khi giao hng cho ngi nhn hng. Ngi chuyn ch c ngha v bi thng tn tht hng ha nu khng chng minh c rng mnh khng c li gy ra cc tn tht . Ni dung: + C s trch nhim + thi hn trch nhim + gii hn trch nhim Cc cng c quc t: + cng c Brussels (quy tc Hague) + Quy tc Hague Visby + Quy tc hamburg 1978 Phm vi p dng: + cng c Brussels (quy tc Hague): Cng cBrussels 1924 p dng cho tt c cc vn n pht hnh mt nc tham gia Cng cBrussels 1924. Cng cBrussels 1924 khng p dng cho hp ng thu tu, nhng nu vn n c pht hnh theo mt phng thc thu tu th phi tun th theo quy tc ny. + Quy tc Hague Visby

Cc quy nh ti Qui tc ny p dng cho tt c cc vn n lin quan n vic vn chuyn hng ho gia cng ca hai quc gia khc nhau nu: a. Vn n c pht hnh ti mt Quc gia thnh vin hoc b. Vic vn chuyn l t mt cng ca mt Quc gia thnh vin hoc c. Hp ng c nu trong vn n hoc c chng minh bng vn n quy nh rng Qui tc ny hoc lut ca mt Quc gia bt k nhm thi hnh Qui tc ny c s dng iu chnh hp ng , khng ph thuc vo quc tch ca tu, ngi chuyn ch, ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng, hoc bt k ngi no khc c li ch lin quan. + Quy tc hamburg 1978 Quy tc Hamburg 1978 p dng i vi mi hp ng chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin gia hai nc nu cng xp d trong hp ng thuc quc gia k cng c hay vn n c cp ti quc gia k cng c hoc hp ng, vn n c dn chiu ti cng chiu ti cng c hay lut quc gia cho php p dng cng c. Thi hn trch nhim: + cng c Brussels (quy tc Hague): Thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch l thi gian m ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim i vi hng ha trong chuyn ch. Theo quy nh ca Cng c Brussels th thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi hng ha k t khi hng ha c xp ln tu cng i cho ti khi hng ha c d khi tu cng n. Thc t chng ta thng ni l T cu n cu. + Quy tc Hague Visby Thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi hng ha k t khi hng ha c xp ln tu cng i cho ti khi hng ha c d khi tu cng n. + Quy tc hamburg 1978 Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim i vi hng ha k t khi nhn hng ch cng i cho ti khi giao xong hng cho ngi nhn cng n. Thc t theo cch quy nh ny, chng ta thng ni trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi hng ha l t khi nhn n khi giao.

C s trch nhim: + cng c Brussels (quy tc Hague): i vi hng ha: ngi chuyn ch phi tin hnh mt cch thch hp v cn thn vic xp hng, dch chuyn, sp xp chuyn ch, coi gi, chm sc v d nhng hng ha cc chuyn ch. i vi vn n: Sau khi nhn trch nhim v hng ha, ngi chuyn ch hoc thuyn trng hay i l ca ngi chuyn ch phi cp cho ngi gi hng mt b vn n ng bin theo yu cu ca ngi gi hng. Ni dung ca vn n phi p ng nhng quy nh trong Cng c. + Quy tc Hague Visby Trch nhim c ngi chuyn ch vi hng ha khng thay i iu 3, mc 4 c thm: Mt vn n nh vy l bng chng ca vic ngi chuyn ch nhn hng nh m t ph hp vi on 3, im a,b,c. Tuy nhin, khi vn n c chuyn nhng cho bn th ba th chng minh ngc li s khng c tha nhn. + Quy tc hamburg 1978 Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim v nhng thit hi do hng ha b mt mt hay, h hng hoc chm giao hng xy ra khi hng ha ang thuc trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch, tr khi ngi chuyn ch chng minh c rng bn thn mnh, nhng ngi lm cng hay i l ca mnh p dng mi bin php hp l, cn thit trnh s c v mi hu qu ca n. C th, c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo Quy tc Hamburg c quy nh nh sau: - Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v nhng thit hi mt mt hoc chm giao hng gy thit hi mt mt khi hng ha cn trong phm vi trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch. Tr phi ngi chuyn ch chng minh c rng p dng mi bin php cn thit, hp l trnh s c nhng khng c. - Ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v nhng thit hi mt mt hoc chm giao hng do chy gy nn, nu ngi khiu ni chng minh c rng chy l do li hoc s sut ca ngi chuyn ch, ngi lm cng hay i l ca ngi

chuyn ch. K c mt mt, h hng hoc chm giao hng do vic dp chy hay hn ch hu qu do chy gy nn thuc li ca ngi chuyn ch. - Ngi chuyn ch khng chu trch nhim v mt mt, h hi do bn cht ca hng ha gy nn nh st cn, bnh dch (sc vt sng) khi lm ng theo ch dn. - Ngi chuyn ch khng chu trch nhim khi hng ha b mt mt, thit hi do phi tin hnh cu h trn bin. - Gii hn trch nhim: + cng c Brussels (quy tc Hague): Theo Cng c Brussels 1924, trong mi trng hp GHTN ca ngi chuyn ch khng vt qu 100 Bng Anh cho mt n v hng ha hoc mt kin hng. Nm 1979, Ngh inh th SDR c thng qua sa i Cng c Brussels 1924 v GHTN bi thng. ng SDR (special drawing right) c a vo s dng tnh bi thng. GHTN ca ngi chuyn ch trong mi trng hp khng vt qu 666,67 SDR cho mt n v hng ha hay mt kin hng hay 2 SDR cho 1kg hng ha c b ty theo cch tnh no c li do ngi khiu ni la chn. + Quy tc Hague Visby Tr khi tnh cht v gi tr ca hng ho ny c ngi gi hng k khai trc khi xp hng v c ghi vo vn n, c ngi chuyn ch ln tu trong mi trng hp u khng phi chu trch nhim cho cc mt mt hoc h hng i vi hoc c lin quan n hng ho trong mt khon tin vt qu 10. 000 frng mi kin hng hoc n v hng ho hoc 30 frng mi kilo trong tng trng lng tnh c b ca hng ho mt mt hoc h hng, hoc bt k khon tin no cao hn. Gi tr ca hng ho s c n nh theo gi ti th trng trao i hng ho, hoc, nu khng tn ti gi nh vy, theo gi th trng hin hnh, hoc, nu khng c c gi ti th trng trao i hng ho v gi th trng hin hnh, theo gi tr thng thng ca hng ho cng loi v c cht lng tng t. Trng hp mt cng-ten-n, pa-lt hoc mt vt dng vn chuyn tng t c s dng tp hp hng ho, s lng cc kin hoc n v hng c lit k trong vn n v c ng trong vt dng vn chuyn s c coi l s cc kin

hoc n v i bi thng. Tr trng hp nu trn, vt dng vn chuyn s c coi l kin hoc n v. C ngi chuyn ch ln tu u khng c quyn hng gii hn trch nhim nu thit hi c chng minh l xut pht t hnh vi thiu st ca ngi chuyn ch c thc hin nhm gy ra thit hi, hoc c thc hin mt cch cu th v thc c rng thit hi nh vy c th xy ra. So snh vi lut hng hi Vit Nam 2005 ( ): Khi nim Thng bo tn tht: KHIU NI V I BI THNG TN THT Thng bo tn tht l thng bo bng vn bn ca ngi nhn hng, ni r tnh trng tn tht ca hng ha, gi cho ngi chuyn ch trong mt thi gian quy nh bo lu quyn khiu ni vi ngi chuyn ch. Thi hn thng bo tn tht: Nu tn tht l r rt: Bin bn ny c lp trong thi hn sau y: +Trc hoc vo lc giao hng, theo quy tc hague v quy tc Hague-Visby; +Khng mun hn ngy lm vic sau ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn hng theo Quy tc Hamburg.. Nu tn tht l khng r rt: +3 ngy k t ngy giao hng theo Quy tc Hague v Hague-Visby +15 ngy lin tc k t ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn theo Quy tc Hamburg. Thi hn khiu kin: Theo quy tc Hague: thi hn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch l mt nm, k t ngy giao hng hoc k t ngy hng ha ng l phi giao. Theo quy tc Hague-Visby: cng l mt nm nhng cc bn c th tha thun ko di thm. Theo quy tc Hamburg: thi hn l 2 nm, k t ngy giao hng hoc k t ngy hng ha ng l phi giao. Bn kin cng c th d ngh ko di thi hn khiu ni. Ni kin:

Thng qua ta n hay trng ti H s khiu ni: Gm cc giy t, chng t chng minh cho li ch ca ngi khiu ni i vi hng ha, chng minh cho thit hi xy ra v mc ca thit hi, chng minh do li ca ngi chuyn ch, v thng gm cc giy t, chng t sau y: Vn n ng bin Ha n thng mi Phiu ng gi Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu Bn kt ton ln th hai Giy chng nhn hng thiu

CU HI KIM TRA: Cng ty A xut khu hng nng sn. Anh ch hy lit k cc iu kin c s giao hng ca Incoterms 2000 cho php cng ty A ginh c quyn thu tu. Cc iu kin thuc nhm C v nhm D Cng ty A nhp khu hng thit b. Anh/Ch hy lit k cc iu kin c s giao hng cho ca Incoterms 2000 cho php cng ty A ginh quyn vn ti? EXW, nhm F Trn vn n ngi nhn c ghi: to order. Vn n theo lnh ca ai? Nu k ghi r l theo lnh ca ai th tc l theo lnh ca ngi gi hang. Mt cng ty cn vn chuyn l hng 30 tn bt m t H Lan v TPHCM. Cng ty nn thu tu theo phng thc no? Tu phi c trng ti ton phn l bao nhiu? Phng thc thu tu ch. Tu phi c trng ti ton phn DWC ln hn hoc bng 30 tn T khi ca hng v t khi ca tu lin quan g ti nhau? Nu t khi ca hng ln th phi thu tu nh th no? Hng nng c t khi ln hay nh? Ch hng nng th nn thu tu c t khi ln hay nh? T khi ca tu cho bit mt tn ti trng tnh tng ng vi bao nhiu n v dung tch cha hang ca tu . T , nu chn c mt hang c t khi ng

bng t khi tu xp ln tu th va tn dng c trng ti, v dung tch tu. Nu t khi ca hang ln th phi thu tu c t khi ln. Hng c coi l hang nng c t khi nh hn hoc bng 40 c.ft/ tn, hng nh c t khi ln hn 40c.ft/ tn. Ch hng nng th nn thu tu c t khi nh. Khi cn vn chuyn l hng t mt cng ca Chu u v cng SG vo thng 12. Anh/ch cn lu vn g lin quan ti mn nc ca tu? Phi xem xt mn nc ca tu phi nh hn mn nc ti a cng. Do vo thng 12, mn nc cng SG kh thp. Tu ang i trn bin th b gy chn vt. Ch tu buc phi a tu vo cng tr n sa cha. Sau khi cha xong ch tu tnh ton v phn b tn tht chung. Hnh ng ca ch tu c hp l hay khng? Hnh ng ca ch tu l hp l. V theo inh ngha: Tn tht chung l nhng hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng c thc hin mt cch c thc v hp l v s an ton chung nhm cu tu, hng ha, tin cc vn chuyn hng ha, tin cng vn chuyn hnh khch thot khi him ha chung. Gm cc dng sau y: 1. Nhng chi ph cho cng tc cu h. 2. Chi ph a tu i lnh nn. 3. Sa cha tm thi cho tu: Nu vic sa cha tm thi cho tu l cn thit bo m an ton chung cho tu, hng v cc ph th n c tnh l tn tht chung khng ph thuc vo nguyn nhn gy ra nhng h hng phi sa cha . Khi vic sa cha tm thi khng nhm bo m an ton chung cho c tu, hng v cc ph th khng c tnh l tn tht chung. Nu nhng h hng xy ra l do cc hnh ng cu tu v hng (v d y tu b thng do hnh ng ch a tu ln cn) th tr gi chi ph sa cha cc h hng tnh l tn tht chung. Nu nhng h hng xy ra l do cc nguyn nhn ngu nhin th chi ph sa cha tm thi chng c tnh l tn tht chung vi iu kin vic sa cha l cn thit ch " hon thnh chuyn i" v ngn nga nhng chi ph tn tht chung ln hn. 4. Cng tc cha chy trn tu. 5. a tu ln cn c ch v a tu ra cn. 6. Vt hng khi tu.

7. Vt liu v d tr ca tu c t lm nhin liu. 8. Cc ph b mt: Ngi ta cn tnh vo tn tht chung phn cc ph m ngi vn chuyn b mt do hng b h hng hoc em hy sinh v mc ch cu tu, phn hng ha v cc ph cn li. Phn cc ph tnh vo tn tht chung c tnh bng cch ly tng s cc ph ca s lng hng mt tr i nhng khon chi ph m ngi vn chuyn phi b ra a s hng ti ch nu chng khng mt (chi ph a s hng t ch b mt ti cng ch, cng ph cng ch i vi s hng , chi ph d hng v cc chi ph khc phi chi nu s hng c a ti ch). 9. Nhng chi ph thay th. Cho nn ta thy c tu b gy chn vt thuc vo dng sa cha tm thi cho tu nn ch tu a n vo phn b tn tht chung l hp l. Tu xp hng xong chun b ra khi th tu c hin tng nghing, c kh nng b chm. Ch tu d hng xung khi tu v xp hng li, sau i ngi thu phi thanh ton chi ph d hng v xp hng li. Quan im ca anh ch v tnh hung trn. Theo ti, ch tu bt ngi thu tu tr cc khon chi ph l ng, v ng thi ch tu phi cng chu mt phn chi ph . V hng ha c xp trn tu, nhng tu b nghing, c kh nng b chm nn ch tu phi xp hng ha li bo v gip tu v hng nn chi ph d hng v xp hng lc ny c gi l chi ph cho cng tc cu h trong quy nh v cc dng ca tn tht chung. C phng tin v c thng khc nhau th no? Ti sao c hin tng treo c phng tin? Tu treo c thng : L tu ca nc no th ng k v treo c ca nc Tu treo c phng tin: L tu ca nc ny nhng li ng k ti nc khc v treo c ca nc . V d: Tu M ng k ti Panama v treo c ca Panama. ngha ca vic cm c phng tin: - Trn th gii c nhiu nc p dng chnh sch ng k m (Open Registry) hu ht cc nc thuc th gii th 3 c nn kinh t km pht trin, nhng nc ny

co php ch tu ca nc khc ng k tu ti nc mnh thu l ph v to iu kin s dng ngun nhn lc tha ca nc mnh. Cc nc pht trin ng k tu ti cc nc th 3 s c hng chi ph ng k, tin lng thy th thp, yu cu v iu kin v an ton lao ng khng cao. - V chnh tr, bng cch treo c phng tin c th khc phc c chnh sch bao vy, phong ta ca cc nc th ch. i tu bun treo c phng tin hin nay chim 1/3 i tu bun ca th gii. Ti sao phi s dng hp ng thu tu mu? Nu nhng iu khon trong hp ng thu tu mu gy bt li cho ngi thu th anh/ch lm th no? V HTTM l vn bn c tnh php l chng thc gia ngi chuyn ch (ch tu) v ngi nhn hng, trong , bao gm cc iu khon, iu kin c tha thun gia 2 bn v bt buc 2 bn phi chu trnh nhim khi ko thc hin ng nh trong hp ng. Khi k kt H thu tu, ta c th thm bt, b sung nhng iu kin cho ph hp vi li ch ca mnh nu nh n bt li cho ta. Tu ang i trn bin th b gy chn vt dn n vic tu phi vo cng lnh nn sa cha. Trong thi gian sa tu, mt s l hng b h hng. Anh/ch hay a ra phn on v hnh ng ca cc bn lin quan (ch hng v ngi chuyn ch). Ch hng v ngi chuyn ch s phi cng nhau gnh chu cc chi ph y. V nhng chi ph trn thuc v trng hp tn tht chung (thuc dng chi ph a tu i lnh nn) nn ch hng v ngi chuyn ch s phi cng nhau phn b phn tn tht chung ny! Vn n pht hnh ch danh, iu kin giao hng l FOB incoterms 2000. Sau khi xp hng ln tu th tu b chm. Ngi mua hng t chi thanh ton tin hng trong khi ch tu khng chu bi thng tn tht cho ngi bn hng. Anh/ch hy nhn nh v tnh hung trn. 13. Ch tu sai. Theo qui nh bo him, tu b vng hay mc cn theo con nc c tnh cht nh k ( nm cn) th khng th gi l tai nn bt ng, do ngi thu chuyn ch khng chu bi thng cho nhng tn tht do nm cn gy ra. Tu

ch chm y ri li tip tc hnh trnh(Touch and Go) th ch tu khng th i ngi thu chuyn ch bi thng khi tu mc cn. 14.iu khon m va 2 bn cng c li: Nu tu ny m va vo vi con tu khc do hu qu ca s bt cn ca con tu kia v do hnh vi s sut, sai st trong hnh hi hay qun l tu ca thuyn trng, thuyn vin, hoa tiu, hay ngi lm thu cho Ch tu, ch hng trn tu ny s cam kt min trch nhim cho Ch tu i vi tt c cc tn tht hoc trch nhim i vi tu kia hoc ch con tu y, trong chng mc nhng tn tht v trch nhim ny tng ng vi tn tht, thit hi, hay khiu ni c bn th ba, tu kia hoc ch con tu tr hoc cam kt tr cho ch hng ny, ng thi c tu hoc ch tu kia gii quyt, khu tr, bi hon nh l mt phn trong khiu ni ca ch tu y i vi tu/ch tu ny. Cc iu khon ni trn cng s p dng khi li lin quan n v m va thuc v ch tu, ngi khai thc, hay ngi qun l ca tu hoc i tng b m va. Do : Ch hng A c ch tu B bi thng s tin = 100.000*40%=40.000 USD 15. Ngi thu tu tr tin cc ph cho vic vn chuyn hng trong phng thc thu tu ch v tu chuyn. Cn thu tu nh hn th tr tin cc thu tu. 16. NOR c trao v chp nhn lc 15h ngy th 3, theo hp ng GENCON thi gian lm hng c tnh t 6h sng ngy th 4. 17. Khi xp hng ln tu thuyn ph pht hin 50 bao go b rch v mt s bao b t, ly vn n sch khng c ghi ch xu v tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng ha th ngi gi hng cn ng gi li hng ha. Bin php ny tuy mt thi gian, cng sc v tn km nhng minh bch v tt nht cho cc bn lin quan. 18. GHTN ca ngi chuyn ch trong mi trng hp khng vt qu 666,67 SDR cho mt n v hng ha hay mt kin hng hay 2 SDR cho 1kg hng ha c b ty theo cch tnh no c li do ngi khiu ni la chn. Vy s tin bi thng tn tht = 666,67*5*40=133.334 SDR. Cu 19 : Cng ty giao nhn B ng vai tr lm i l. Trn vn n vai tr ca cng ty C th hin gc tri ca vn n ngi chuyn ch l hng tu C. Cng ty

C l ngi trc tip k hp ng vn ti vi ch hng v chu trch nhim chuyn ch hng ha. Cu 20 : Cng ty A nhp khu l hng theo iu kin CIF cng TP.HCM tn dng chng t. Ngn hng B s chuyn chng t cho ngn hng pht hnh LC v ngn hng bn A s pht hnh kim tra chng t v tr tin nu hp l ri pht hnh chng t cho ngi NK. Ngi NK phi dng chng t nhn hng v ly vn n. Cu 21: Quy nh iu khon xp d CIF : FO ( Seller/thu tu phi tr tin chi ph d ) FOB : FI ( Seller chu CP bc hng ln tu -> ko b tnh cc 2 ln) FAS : FI Buyer/ thu tu DES : FO Seller/thu tu DEQ : FO Seller/ thu tu phi tr CP d hng -> ko b tnh cc 2 ln Cu 22 : Cc ph = FIS I S = 25 -1 -1 = 23 Cu 23: Thi gian thc tu xp hng = 13+24x4+15=124 Quy nh thi gian lm hng = 5x24=120 Thi gian c di ra = 5+24=29 Thi gian tu c xp hng cng b thm thi tit, ngh = 120+29 =149 149>129 => Ngi thu tu tin hnh xp d hng ha nhanh hn thi gian quy nh. Cu 24: Trc ht, chng ti cho rng hng ha b dch chuyn (shifting) trong qu trnh vn chuyn. S dch chuyn ny c lin quan trc tip n vic sp t (stowage) v bo m cho hng ha c chng buc chc chn (securing), khng b x lch, di chuyn trong hnh trnh i bin. D ai (ch tu hay ngi thu vn chuyn) phi tr chi ph chng buc hng ha theo quy nh ca hp ng thu tu th mt trong nhng nhim v ca thuyn trng l khng c cho tu ri bn trong tnh trng "khng kh nng i bin" (unseaworthy condition). Nhim v ny bao gm vic thuyn trng phi bo m rng, trc khi cho tu khi hnh t cng bc hng (Port Kelang), hng ha c chng buc, chn lt chc chn, thch hp m mt thuyn trng vi kh nng

chuyn mn v s thn trng ng mc phi thc hin. Ting Anh gi ngi thuyn trng nh vy l "prudent master". Ngoi ra, trong hnh trnh trn bin, thuyn trng cn phi thng xuyn cho kim tra chng buc, chn lt li hng ha khi cn thit nhm m bo tu lun lun tnh trng " kh nng i bin" (seaworthy condition). Trong trng hp ny, thuyn trng c thiu st trong vic cht xp v chng buc hng ha ti cng bc hng. Do , mi chi ph lin quan n vic chng buc li hng ha ti Singapore do ch tu phi chu. Xin lu thm, theo Cng c SOLAS 1974 (1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, as amended - Cng c quc t v bo m an ton sinh mng trn bin, nm 1974, c sa i), trn mi tu bin ch hng, tr nhng tu chuyn dng vn chuyn hng rn v hng lng ch x (solid and liquid bulk cargoes), lun phi c ti liu hng dn cch sp t, chn lt, chng buc hng ha (Cargo Securing Manual) c cc hng ng kim (Classification Society) chp nhn. Ti liu ny cn phi ph hp vi Vn bn (circular) s 745, ngy 13/6/1996 ca y ban An ton hng hi thuc T chc Hng hi quc t (IMO). Nhng yu cu ny c hiu lc t ngy 31/12/1997. Vy, ngi thu vn chuyn khng phi tr chi ph lin quan n vic chng buc li hng ha ti Singapore. Cu 25: iu 14 cua Cng c Rotterdam, la Cng c cua Lin hip quc v hp ng vn tai hang hoa quc t toan b hanh trinh hoc mt phn bng ng bin, c coi la mt ngun lut iu chinh chi tit va y u hn trach nhim cua ngi vn chuyn trong hp ng vn tai so vi cac quy tc v vn n va vn tai ng bin trc o noi rng khi hang hoa c chuyn ch bng ng bin, ngi vn chuyn vao trc khi, luc bt u va trong sut hanh trinh ng bin phai mn cn hp ly : + am bao duy tri con tau co u kha nng i bin; + Bin ch, trang bi, cung ng mt cach thich hp cho tau va duy tri con tau c bin ch, trang bi va cung ng nh vy trong sut hanh trinh;

+ am bao va gi gin hm tau va cac b phn cha hang khac cua con tau va cac container cha hang do ngi vn chuyn cung cp thich hp va an toan cho vic tip nhn, vn chuyn va bao quan hang hoa. Theo iu 13 cua Cng c, ngi vn chuyn trong sut thi han trach nhim phai tin hanh mt cach cn thn va thich hp vic tip nhn, xp hang ln tau, dich chuyn, sp xp, bao quan, chm soc, d hang khoi tau va giao hang. y con c coi la trach nhim thng mai cua ngi vn chuyn i vi hang hoa (tc la trach nhim chm soc va bao quan hang hoa trong sut qua trinh chuyn ch cua ngi vn chuyn). Do ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim trong trng hp ny. Cu 26: Nu trong thng tin v hng ha trn vn n c ghi Said to contained 10.000MT, iu ny khng nh hng n tnh hon ho ca vn n. V trong nh ngha ca vn n hon ho c ghi Nhng iu ghi chung chung nh : ngi gi hng xp v m, nim phong v kp ch", "khng bit v s lng , phm cht , ni dung bn trong", "bao b dng li , thng c"khng lm mt tnh hon ho ca vn n. V nu thc t ch c 9800MT th ngi chuyn ch cng khng phi chu trch nhim v h khng bit s lng thc t m ch ghi theo khai bo ca ngi gi hng. Cu 27: a, Th no l li hng vn v li thng mi. Li no sau y xp vo li hng vn, li thng mi? - Tu m va vo nhau - Tu va phi ngm - Ca hm tu ng khng cht lm nc bin vo hm hng; - Ngi ph trch cng ten n lnh qun iu chnh kp thi nhit hng b hng. - i l ca hng tu s sut khin hng b xp nhm ln tu khc - Sau khi thng gi hm hng, ngi ph trch qun ng np hm, hai ngy sau tri ma lm hng trong hm hng b t, chy

- Hng trong hm tu b t do thy th chu trch nhim bm nc dn tu s khin nc trn vo hm tu ang m np b, iu kin xp d quy nh: FIOS. Hng b tn tht trong qu trnh vn chuyn do b v? Ai (ngi chuyn ch/ngi gi hng) phi chu trch nhim i vi tn tht ca hng ha? c, Mt l hng thuc l xp cnh l hng m phm trong hm tu khin thuc l b nhim mi. Ai phi chu trch nhim? a, Li hng vn v li thng mi Li hng vn (Nautical error) Ch nhng hnh vi, s sut hoc li lm ca thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu hay ngi phc v cho ngi chuyn ch c hnh vi chnh mng, sai st, khng hon thnh bn phn trong vic iu khin, qun tr tu. Th d: Say ru nn li tu vo cn, t gh vo cng ngoi lung,... Lut hng hi cc nc t gii thch c th th no l li iu khin v qun l con tu. Phn ln u p dng cch gii thch t Lut Anh. Theo li v iu khin tu l li th neo khng ng ch, hc phi ngm, cho tu ra khi bt chp s cnh bo ca c quan d bo thi tit v sc mnh ca cn bo sp ti, khng chu a tu vo cnh lnh nn sa cha h hng do him ha trn bin gy ra Li thng mi (Commercial error) S sut trong qu trnh s dng, iu khin cc thit b phc v cho vic trng coi bo qun, bc xp, dch chuyn hng ha. C th l cc li c quan h trc tip n vic tip cn vn chuyn, cht xp bo qun hng ha nh cht xp hng ti, ngn cch chn lt hng khng ng cch hoc thng gi cc hm hng khng ng k thut, hay c hnh vi s sut i vi nhng my mc thit b trn tu dng vo vic bo qun. Theo iu 4 ca Cng c Brc-xen 1924 quy nh ngi chuyn ch c min trch nhim i vi li hng vn (Nautical error) hoc li v qun tr tu (error in management of the ship). Quy nh ny c li cho ch tu v khng phi trong trng hp no ngi ta cng c th phn bit r li hng vn vi li thng mi v qun l v lm hng (Commercial error in management and handling of the cargo) m

ch tu thng vin c tn tht hng l do li hng vn gy ra c hng min trch. Do , ch hng b thit v khng i c tu bi thng tn tht hng. Nhn chung hin nay, cc ta n Anh, M cho rng s sut ca thuyn trng, thy th trong vic qun l, iu khin cc thit b phc v n thun cho vic hot ng ca con tu th coi l li hng vn, cn s sut trong qu trnh s dng, iu khin cc thit b cho vic trng coi bo qun cht xp, dch chuyn hng ha th c xem l li thng mi. Tuy vy chnh mng trong vic s dng, iu khin cc thit b e da s an ton ca c tu ln hng th coi l s sut v qun tr tu. Phn bit li hng vn v li thng mi Li hng vn Tu m va vo nhau Tu va phi ngm Li thng mi Ngi ph trch cng ten n lnh qun iu chnh kp thi nhit hng b hng. Ca hm tu ng khng cht lm nc bin vo hm hng i l ca hng tu s sut khin hng b xp nhm ln tu khc Sau khi thng gi hm hng, ngi ph trch qun ng np hm, hai ngy sau tri ma lm hng trong hm hng b t, chy Hng trong hm tu b t do thy th chu trch nhim bm nc dn tu s khin nc trn vo hm tu ang m np b, Theo iu kin FIOS, ngi chuyn ch c min trch nhim v chi ph xp, d v sp xp hng ha, do nu hng b tn tht trong qu trnh vn chuyn do b v (li xy ra do khu sp xp hng ha khng tt) th ngi gi hng phi chu trch nhim i vi tn tht ca hng ha.

c, Trong trng hp ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim xp v sp xp hng ha th ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim do li ny l li thng mi, c lin quan n qu trnh vn chuyn v cht xp hng ha ti. Tuy nhin nu ngi chuyn ch c min trch nhim xp v sp xp hng ha th ngi gi hng phi chu trch nhim. Cu 28: a, Cu hi lin quan ti kh nng i bin ca tu - nh bin ca tu l 25 ngi. Trc khi xut pht 2 thy th b bnh u ma b cm tc trn b nn tu ra khi vi 23 thy th. - Chnh quyn cng kim tra trc khi tu ra khi pht hin mt s thy thy on thiu bng cp nh quy nh. - Tu ang i b gy chn vt - Np hm tu khng kn, nc bin trn vo lm hng hng - ng nc trong hm tu b v khin hng trong hm tu b t - Hm tu khng lnh - Tu ang i gn ti ch th ht nhin liu buc ch tu phi t mt s hng a tu v ch. b, Ngi chuyn ch c min trch trong nhng trng hp no di y? Ni t ca tu? n t ca tu? n t ni t ca hng ha? Ni t ca hng ha? Li thng mi? Li hng vn? Tu khng kh nng i bin? a, mt tu bin c kh nng i bin th con tu phi tha mn cng lc nhiu iu kin khc nhau. C th phn nhm cc iu kin nh sau: Nhm cc iu kin v trang thit b ca con tu: T quan st pha bn ngoi cng nh tnh trng bn trong ca tn v tu, con tu phi bo m kn nc, khng b li lm bt thng (do tc ng ca ngoi lc). Con tu phi c lp t y trang thit b my mc, phng tin k thut theo quy nh ca php lut, c bit trang thit b v cu ha, cu sinh, cu thng, phng nga nhim mi trng. Tnh trng k thut ca ton b h thng my mc, trang thit b trn tu lun trng

thi hot ng tt, c c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc kim tra, gim nh, chng nhn v cp giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tng ng, cc giy chng nhn ny ang cn hiu lc s dng. Cc giy t, h s v ti liu theo quy nh ca php lut phi lun lun c gi gn, bo qun cn thn trn tu phc v cho cng tc kim tra ca cc c quan chc nng. Nhm cc iu kin v thuyn b ca tu: Tu bin phi c nh bin y theo quy nh ca php lut v nh bin an ton ti thiu, m bo s thuyn vin m nhim cc ca trc lin quan n vic vn hnh, khai thc tu bin. Thuyn vin phi p ng tiu chun v sc khe lm vic trn bin, c cc loi chng ch chuyn mn ph hp vi chc danh m nhim trn tu, ph hp vi loi tu theo quy nh ca php lut. Thuyn vin phi c b tr trc ca ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut v thi gian lm vic, thi gian ngh ngi. Thuyn vin, trc khi c b tr lm vic chnh thc trn tu bin, phi c hun luyn lm quen vi cc trang thit b my mc, phng tin k thut, quen vi cng vic trn tu . Nhm cc iu kin i vi hng ha, hnh l: Hng ha, hnh l phi c sp xp, chn lt, chng buc, bo qun cn thn v thch hp khng b hoc hn ch ti mc thp nht h hng, mt mt hng ha, hnh l. Nhm cc iu kin v cung ng thch hp ca tu:Tu bin, trc khi bt u chuyn i, phi c cung ng y v thch hp cho chuyn i (Ty thuc vo chuyn i di, ngn ngy, iu kin thi tit, kh tng thy vn bin). l: cung ng v nhin liu du, nht, nc ngt cho h thng my mc hot ng bnh thng v d tr; cung ng v nc sinh hot, lng thc, thc phm, thuc y t v tin mt phc v cho chi tiu t xut ca thuyn b. Nhm cc iu kin v hnh khch: Hnh khch ca cc tu ch khch chuyn dng hoc tu khng phi l tu khch phi c hun luyn hoc thng bo v ch dn v ni quy, quy nh an ton trn tu bin. Ch tu/ngi vn chuyn phi mua bo him cho hnh khch theo quy nh ca php lut Gii thch cc trng hp: - nh bin ca tu l 25 ngi. Trc khi xut pht 2 thy th b bnh u ma b cm tc trn b nn tu ra khi vi 23 thy th.

Trng hp ny tu khng kh nng i bin v khng m bo nh bin trc khi tu bt u chy. - Chnh quyn cng kim tra trc khi tu ra khi pht hin mt s thy thy on thiu bng cp nh quy nh. Trng hp ny tu khng kh nng i bin v khng m bo nh bin trc khi tu bt u chy. - Tu ang i b gy chn vt Bi v trng hp ny tu ra khi ri mi b gy chn vt nn tu s c cng nhn l kh nng i bin nu ch tu chng minh c trc khi tu chy m bo iu kin v vic gy chn vt xy ra do nhng nguyn nhn khch quan v ch tu mn cn tm cch khc phc nhng khng c. - Np hm tu khng kn, nc bin trn vo lm hng hng Trng hp ny tu khng kh nng i bin v tu khng m bo kn nc nh quy nh. ng nc trong hm tu b v khin hng trong hm tu b t Bi v trng hp ny tu ra khi ri mi b v ng nc nn tu s c cng nhn l kh nng i bin nu ch tu chng minh c trc khi tu chy m bo iu kin v vic v ng nc xy ra do nhng nguyn nhn khch quan v ch tu mn cn tm cch khc phc nhng khng c. Hm tu khng lnh Trng hp ny tu khng kh nng i bin v khng m bo lnh thch hp cho vic chuyn ch hng ha. - Tu ang i gn ti ch th ht nhin liu buc ch tu phi t mt s hng a tu v ch. Trng trng hp ny tu ra khi ri mi ht nhin liu v mc d c quy nh v vic tu trc khi khi hnh phi c cung ng y nhin liu nhng tu s c cng nhn l kh nng i bin nu ch tu chng minh c trc khi tu chy m bo nhin liu nh d kin v vic ht nhin liu xy ra do nguyn nhn khch quan, ngoi d kin v ch tu mn cn tm cch khc phc nhng khng c.

b, Ngi chuyn ch c min trch nhim trong trng hp: n t ca tu Ni t ca hng ha Li hng vn II. Vn ti hng khng cng c xp d v vn chuyn hng ho ti sn bay: Cng c xp d, vn chuyn hng ho ti sn bay, n v xp d trong vn ti hng khng l g (Unit Loaded Device)? nh Hague 1955? n ng bin no? Cch Lp v phn phi AWB? Cc loi cc ph vn ti hng khng? Khiu ni ngi chuyn ch hng khng Nghip v gi hng bng ng hng khng nh th i l hng ho hng khng l g? C nhng i l no? Ngi giao nhn hng khng (Air Freight Forwarder) l Khi nim AWB C cc loi AWB no? Hy phn loi Chc nng ca AWB? So snh vi chc nng ca vn ( i l IATA/i l thng thng). g? SO snh ngi giao nhn hng khng vi i l hng khng. ICAO, IATA, AAPA? Thnh vin ca cc t chc ny l C s php l ca vn ti hng khng quc t? Trch g? Mc ch ra i ca cc t chc ny l g? nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo Cng c Vacsava 1929.? Ngh

o Thi gian thng bo tn tht v khiu ni: o Thi hn khi kin: o i tng khiu ni: o a im kin

III. Vn ti container S RA I V PHT TRIN CA H THNG VN TI CNT L do ra i ca vn ti Container? n v ha hng ha l g? Th no l mt n v hng ha? Qu trnh pht trin vn ti container: t n v ha hng ha tiu chun ha CTN, phng tin xp d, phng tin vn chuyn v ngy cng c ng dng su, rng trong vn ti quc t. . Bn cht ca cuc cch mng CTN l g? C S VC-KT CA H THNG VN TI CONTAINER 2. Container: nh ngha CTN ca ISO (5 c im ca CTN)? bn cht ca CTN? Tiu chun ha container? Nhng ni dung no ca CTN c tiu chun ha ? Phn loi container ? 3. Cng c vn chuyn container Cc loi tu bin: Full Container Ship (Lo-Lo), Ro-Ro, Cc loi tu ha: Trailer On Flatcar TOFC, COFC Cc loi u ko, r mooc, xe ch CTN LASH, Semi Container Ship; Container On Flatcar, DST Double Stack Train. 4. Trang thit b xp d container: Cn cu b: Cn cu gin c nh, cn cu gin chy trn ng ray Xe nng h, xp d CTN ti bi Xe vn chuyn CTN trong khu vc bn bi 5. Cng, ga v bn bi container: bi CTN, bi CTN c hng, Trm ng gi hng ri (Container Freight Station), im thng quan ni a, im kt ni cc loi hnh vn ti khc nhau (trang thit b phng tin xp d CTN ph hp) II. NGHIP V CHUYN CH HNG HA XNK BNG CONTAINER 1. Hng ha vn chuyn bng Container: Phn loi hng ha ty vo kh nng vn chuyn bng CTN 2. Cc phng thc gi hng bng container Nhn nguyn - giao nguyn container (FCL/FCL):

Nhn l - giao l (Less than Container Load/Less than Container

Load: LCL/LCL) Gi nguyn - nhn l (FCL/LCL) Gi l - giao nguyn (LCL/FCL): 3. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng ha bng CTN: Thi hn trch nhim. C s trch nhim. iu khon khng bit hng bn Gii hn trch nhim. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch (thi hn TN v C s iu kin giao hng v thi hn trch nhim theo

trong CNT, iu khon xp hng trn boong tu. 4. Lu khi gi hng bng CTN: ngun lut iu chnh). cc ngun lut iu chnh (CIF, CFR, FOB). 5. Cc ph vn chuyn bng container 5.1. Cc b phn cu thnh: Cc chnh (Basic Ocean Freight) Cc ph (Feeder Freight) Cc vn chuyn ni a Ph bn bi (Terminal Handling Charge THC), - Cc chi ph khc: Chi ph dch v hng l; Ph vn chuyn ni a, v sinh CTN, nng h CTN; Tin thu v container; Ph ph gi du tng (Buker/Fuel Adjustment Factor-BAF/FAF); Ph ph bin ng ng tin tnh cc (Curency Adjustment Factor -CAF) 5.2. Cc loi cc container Cc tnh cho tt c cc loi hng (Freight all kind FAK): Cc tnh theo mt hng (Commondity Box Rate CBR): Cc p dng cho hp ng c khi lng ln trong mt thi gian di (Time Volum Rate) Cc hng l

5.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti cc vn chuyn bng container: III. Loi container Loi hng (khi lng, c im, tnh cht, gi tr ca hng) Kh nng s dng trng ti ca Container Hnh trnh vn chuyn 6. K thut ng hng vo container: DCH V GOM HNG BNG CONTAINER (Consolidation) 1. Khi nim v gom hng

2. Li ch ca vic gom hng (XN, Chuyn ch, ngi gom hng, XH) 3. Vai tr v trch nhim ca ngi gom hng: + Ngi gom hng - ch hng l. + Ngi gom hng - ngi chuyn ch thc t: Trch nhim ca ngi gom hng? 4. Tiu ch thnh ngi gom hng. IV.HIU QU KT - XH CA CONTAINER HA TRONG VN TI: 1. Hiu qu kinh t ca chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng container: 2. Nhng hn ch trong chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng container + Vn u t ln: Cng, trang thit b, phng tin vn chuyn, container + Hn ch v chng loi hng ha chuyn ch + Hn ch vic chuyn ch hai u

Cu hi kim tra: 1. Mt ch hng gi hng cho 3 ngi nhn khc nhau theo phng thc gi FCL/LCL. Khi nhn hng, cc ch hng l pht hin hng b thiu. Vy h phi khiu ni ai? 2. Nhiu ch hng gi hng cho mt ngi nhn theo phng thc LCL/FCL. Ngi nhn phi lm th no nhn c hng nguyn CTN khi hng ti. Nu c thiu ht, v hng ha th ai ngi nhn phi khiu ni ai? 3. Trong nhng trng hp no th ngi nhn hng phi t d hng v tr container rng? Trong trng hp no th ngi gom hng hoc ngi chuyn ch s thc hin nhng ngha v trn? 4. Mt cng ty XK hng s mi ng trong hp carton v d kin gi hng bng container. Anh/Ch khuyn cng ty la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? Ti sao? Cty nn la chn loi CTN nh th no bo m tnh kinh t? 5. Trong trng hp no ch hng s phi t kim tra CTN, ng hng vo CTN? Trong nhng trng hp no th ngi chuyn ch thc hin nhng vic ? 6. Cng ty Nhp khu hng linh kin in t v thit b bng CTN. Cng ty c kho nm ti khu vc Bin Ha. Anh/Ch khuyn cng ty nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng g? Ti sao? 7. Khi xut khu hng ha vn chuyn bng CTN ngi gi hng c th la chn nhng a im giao hng no? 8. Theo anh/ch, cch tnh cc ph theo loi hng hay cc ph cho mi loi hng s c li hn cho ch hng? 9. Khi vn chuyn hng ha bng CTN th iu kin xp d hng ln xung tu thng c tha thun th no? 10.Cng ty A XK l hng 5 container qun o sang chu Phi. Hng c gi thng qua ngi gom hng v Cty A c cp mt vn n gom hng. Hng c ngi gom hng giao cho hng tu B vn chuyn. Hng v chm do li ca ch tu B. Ngi nhn C mun khiu ni th khiu ni ai? Ti sao?

11.Ngi gom hng A ng thi l i l ca cc hng tu bin v c quyn cp vn n ca hng tu. Cc anh/ch s la chn vn n no nu gi hng thng qua ngi giao nhn ? L do? 12. Hng ha XK l hng ng lnh, vn chuyn bng CTN, vn ti bin. Ngi XK la chn iu kin FOB c ng khng? Ti sao? 13. Nu gi hng theo phng thc hng l th vn n hng l l vn n g? C th xut trnh thanh ton hay khng? Vn n c th lu thng c khng? 14. Trong phng thc gi hng LCL/FCL ai l ngi tr tin thu v container? Ai l ngi v tr tin pht ng CTN do gii phng hng chm. 15.Khi giao hng vn chuyn trong CTN, ngi chuyn ch cp mt vn n nhn xp (receipt for shipment B/L) th c th thanh ton c tin hng hay khng? 16.Cty A xut khu v nhn c yu cu ch chp nhn thanh ton cho vn n xp (On board B/L) v thi gian xut trnh thanh ton quy nh trong vng 15 ngy sau khi k pht B/L. Cty A giao CTN cho i l hng tu ti CY v nhn c Vn n nhn xp ghi ngy 24/02/2009. Sau hai ngy, CTN c xp ln tu. Cty A xut trnh b thanh ton vo ngy th 16 sau khi giao CTN th c hp l hay khng? 17. Mt l hng chui ti vn chuyn bng CTN lnh v c vn chuyn ti Singapore. Thuyn trng cp vn n hon ho. Ti Singapore d hng ra th chui b hng, thi. Ngi nhn hng khiu ni i bi thng nhng ngi chuyn ch t chi. L do: Hng tn tht do thiu st ca s quan ph trch phng lnh khng gi nhit thch hp trong hnh trnh v do vn n dn chiu ti Quy tc Hague-Visby nn ngi chuyn ch c min trch do li hng vn. Quan im ca anh/ch? 18.Cty A XK mt l hng 50 CTN 20 sang M. Cty nhn CTN v kho xp hng v lm th tc hi quan, nim phong kp ch ri a hng ra cng. Trn ng vn chuyn ti cng th c 1 xe CTN ri xung song gy tn tht ton b. Ch hng c th yu cu ai bi thng cho tn tht ny khng?

19. Theo 1 hp ng, 10 container c thu chuyn ch lm 2 ln, ln 1: 8container, ln 2: 2 container. Tng cc ph l 10.000 USD. L hng 2 b giao chm. Theo Hague-Visby, ch hng s c bi thng bao nhiu? 20. Tnh hung trn. Vn n dn chiu ti Qtc Hamburg 1978. L hng giao chm v b tn tht mt 3/4. V Container do ngi gi hng t cp b hng, khng th dng c na. Vy ch hng c th i bi thng cho tn tht g ? Bao nhiu ? 21. Cty A bn hng theo iu kin CIF, vn n ch danh ghi tn ngi nhn hng l Cty B. Sau khi giao xong 5 CTN cho ngi chuyn ch ti CY th c cp mt vn n. Sau 2 CTN hng b ri xung bin trong khi c xp ln tu. Vy ai l ngi khiu ni ngi chuyn ch i bi thng thit hi? 22.Mt cng ty Nhp khu hng vn chuyn bng CTN theo iu kin CIF, v CTN do ngi gi hng t thu. Trong lc hng c d xung khi tu th 1CTN b ri xung bin, hng ton b CTN v hng bn trong gm 40 kin. Ai s l ngi khiu ni? Khiu ni ai? Khiu ni i bi thng cho s kin vn chuyn l bao nhiu? 23. Cng ty A bn hng theo iu kin CPT. Khi hng c vn chuyn t cng ti ni giao hng cui cng th hng ton b 1 CTN b tht lc. Ai s l ngi chu trch nhim khiu ni i bi thng tn tht ? Khiu ni ai? Ti sao? 24. Khi XK hng ha vn chuyn trong CTN v theo iu kin nhm C th anh/ch nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? Ti sao? 25. Khi NK hng ha vn chuyn trong CTN v theo iu kin nhm C th anh ch nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? Ti sao? 26.Theo anh/ch, cc iu kin c s giao hng nhm D c ph hp vi vic vn chuyn bng CTN khng? Nu XK hng nguyn CTN iu kin nhm D anh/ch s la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? DES? DEQ? DDU? DDP? Nu NK hng nguyn CTN theo iu kin nhm D, anh/ch s la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? 27.Cty thc hin hp ng XK theo iu kin CIF v gi hng qua ngi giao nhn. Cty phi ly vn n g c th thanh ton c tin hng? IV. Vn ti a phng thc

1. Nguyn nhn ra i ca Vn ti a phng thc? 2. Cc ngun lut iu chnh VTPT? 3. MTO l g? C nhng loi MTO no? Trch nhim ca MTO? MTO l ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng hay ngi chuyn ch thc t? 4. Bn cht ca cc ch trch nhim MTO? Ch trch nhim tng chng? Ch trch nhim thng nht? Phn bit ch trch nhim tng chng vi trch nhim ca ngi kinh doanh vn ti trong trng hp vn ti t on? 5. Trch nhim ca MTO? Thi hn trch nhim? C s Trch nhim? Gii hn trch nhim i vi h hng v chm giao? theo cc ngun lut (Bn quy tc ca UNCTAD/ICC, Cng c LHQ v VTPT, Lut Hng hi VN, Ngh nh 125/NCP-2003 v vn ti a phng thc) 6. Thi hn thng bo tn tht, thi hn khi kin theo cc ngun lut. 7. iu kin ch thnh MTO 8. Cng c no l ngun lut quc t bt buc iu chnh hot ng vn ti a phng thc: 9. Ch hng gi hng cho ngi giao nhn v c cp mt vn n ca hng tu (khng phi logo ca cng ty giao nhn nhn hng ch). Vy, cng ty giao nhn c th c quan h g vi hng tu ni trn? 10.Ngun lut no quy nh gii hn TN ca MTO khi c vn ti bin l cao nht? 11.MTO nhn vn chuyn hng l hng vn chuyn bng CTN theo phng thc LCL/FCL. Khi a hng v kho, ngi nhn pht hin ra hng b thiu th ngi nhn hng phi khiu ni? 12.Hng gi qua MTO c coi l mt khi no? 13.MTO pht hnh vn n vn ti lin hp nhng ch s dng vn chuyn t cng xp ti cng d, vy trch nhim ca MTO s c quy nh bi ngun lut no? Thi hn khiu ni l bao nhiu? 14.Mt MTO thc hin mt hp ng vn chuyn bng ng hng khng.Trong lc thc hin hp ng vn chuyn ny bng tu ha, hng b tn tht. Trch nhim ca Cty trong trng hp ny s c quy nh nh th no? 15.Khi no th MTO c min trch do li hng vn?

16.Khi vn chuyn l hng t Vit Nam sang M th ngun lut s l ngun lut iu chnh? 17.Nhng chng t vn chuyn no c th lu thng c? 18.Ngun lut no quy nh thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch l ngn nht? 19.Khi hng ha b tn tht trong qu trnh vn chuyn, ngi nhn hng s phi khiu ni ai? 20.Ai c th pht hnh vn n vn ti a phng thc? Vn n VTPT c nhng chc nng g? 21.Cng ty A giao vic vn chuyn l hng xut khu cho cng ty giao nhn B v c cng ty B cp vn n do hng tu C pht hnh. Trong hnh trnh vn chuyn, hng b mt. Vy Cng ty giao nhn B c vai tr g? ngi nhn D s phi khiu ni ai? 22.Cng ty A gi hng thng qua MTO cho ngi nhp khu hng B. Hng c vn chuyn bng t tu bin tu ho. Khi hng ti ni th ngi nhn pht hin ra hng b tn tht nghim trng. Nguyn nhn: do nc bin trn vo. Trong trng hp ny, ngi mua hng phi khiu ni ai? Gii hn trch nhim ca ngi b khiu ni l bao nhiu? Ngi b khiu ni c th vin dn l do Li hng vn c min trch khng nu tn tht xy ra do li hng vn? 23.Tnh hung nh trn: chng vn ti l t-my bay-tu ha 24.Mt cng ty nhp khu hng v ginh c quyn vn ti. Cng ty nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no t b ri ro nht: 25.Cng ty A xut khu hng v khng dnh c quyn vn ti. Hng c vn chuyn trong container. Vy cng ty nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no th c li nht? 26.Trong cc iu kin c s giao hng ca Incoterms 2000 quy nh vic ngi xut khu dnh quyn vn ti Incoterms 2000, iu kin no bt li nht cho ngi nhp khu?

27.Cng ty chuyn xut khu hng thu sn ng lnh th nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no ca Incoterms 2000 trong trng hp Cty mun ginh quyn vn ti: 28.Khi xut khu hng theo iu kin nhm C Incoterms 2000, hng vn chuyn trong container th nn la chn iu kin c s giao hng no? 29.Khi nhp khu theo iu kin nhm C Incoterms 2000, hng c vn chuyn trong container th iu kin c s giao hng no c li nht? 30.Mt vn pht hnh ti nc tham gia Quy tc Hague Visby 1968 cho l hng c vn chuyn t mt nc tham gia Quy tc Hague sang mt nc tham gia Quy tc Hamburg 1978. Vy Vn n phi tun th quy nh ca ngun lut no? BO HIM HNG HO CHUYN CH BNG NG BIN I. Nhng vn c bn trong bo him 1. Bo him (Insurance) C nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v bo him, song nh ngha sau y c tha nhn mt cch rng ri. Bo him l s cam kt bi thng ca ngi bo him i vi ngi c bo him v nhng tn tht ca i tng bo him do nhng ri ro tha thun gy ra vi iu kin ngi c bo him thu bo him cho i tng v np mt khon tin gi l ph bo him. Nh vy, bn cht ca bo him l s phn chia ri ro, tn tht ca mt hay ca mt s ngi cho c cng ng tham gia bo him cng gnh chu. 2. Ngi bo him (Insurer): L ngi k kt hp ng bo him vi ngi c bo him, nhn ri ro tn v pha mnh v c hng mt khon ph bo him. Ngi bo him l cc cng ty bo him nh Bo vit, Bo minh, AIA, VINARE. 3. Ngi c bo him (Insured) L ngi c quyn li bo him c mt cng ty bo him m bo. Ngi c quyn li bo him l ngi m khi c s c bo him xy ra th dn h n mt tn

tht, mt trch nhim php l hay lm mt i ca h nhng quyn li c php lut tha nhn. V d, ngi ch hng l ngi c bo him trong bo him hng ha. 4. i tng bo him (Subject matter insured) L i tng m v n ngi ta phi k kt hp ng bo him. i tng bo him gm 3 nhm chnh: Ti sn, con ngi v trch nhim dn s. 5. Tr gi bo him (Insurance value) L tr gi ca ti sn v cc chi ph hp l khc c lin quan nh ph bo him, cc ph vn ti, li d tnh. Tr gi bo him l khi nim thng ch c dng vi bo him ti sn. 6. S tin bo him (Insurance amount) L s tin m ngi c bo him k khai v c ngi bo him chp nhn. S tin bo him c th nh hn, bng hoc ln hn gi tr bo him. Nu s tin bo him nh hn tr gi tr bo him th gi l bo him di gi tr, bng tr gi bo him th gi l bo him ti gi tr, nu ln hn th gi l bo him trn gi tr. Khi bo him ln hn gi tr th phn ln hn d vn c th phi np ph bo him nhng khng c bi thng khi tn tht xy ra. 7. Ph bo him (Insurance Premium) L mt t l phn trm nht nh ca tr gi bo him hay s tin bo him. Ph bo him chnh l khon tin m ngi c bo him phi tr cho ngi bo him i tng bo him ca mnh c bo him. 8. T l ph bo him (Insurance rate) L mt t l phn trm nht nh thng do cc cng ty bo him cng b. T l ph bo him c tnh da vo thng k ri ro tn tht trong nhiu nm. Xc sut xy ra ri ro cng ln th t l ph bo him cng cao. Cc cng ty bo him thng cng b bng t l ph bo him cho tng nghip v bo him. 9. Ri ro (Risk) L nhng e da nguy him m con ngi khng lng trc c, l nguyn nhn gy nn tn tht cho i tng bo him. V d nh: Tu mc cn, m, chy, m v, chin tranh, nh cng...

10. Tn tht (Loss, Average, Damage) L s mt mt, h hi do ri ro gy nn. V d: Tu b m, hng b t, tu m phi ngm, hng b v... II. Bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin L nghip v bo him m i tng l hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. y l mt trong s cc nghip v bo him hng hi hnh thnh v pht trin t rt sm. 1. Ri ro trong bo him hng hi Trong bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin c th ni ti ba loi ri ro: a - Ri ro thng thng L ri ro c bo him trong nhng iu kin bo him hng ha thng thng nh A, B, C. V vy ri ro thng thng cn c gi l ri ro c bo him. Ri ro thng thng gm: Ri ro mc cn, chm m, chy, m v, nm hng xung bin, mt tch, v cc ri ro ph nh rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, v p v hng ha khc, nc ma, hnh vi c , trm, cp, cp, mc cu. b - Ri ro phi bo him ring L nhng ri ro loi tr i vi bo him hng hi. l cc ri ro c bit, phi hng hi nh chin tranh, nh cng. Cc ri ro ny ch c bo him nu c mua ring, mua thm. Khi ch mua bo him hng hi th nhng ri ro ny b loi tr. c - Ri ro loi tr L nhng ri ro thng khng c bo him trong mi trng hp i vi bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. Ri ro loi tr gm mt s ri ro sau y: Bun lu, tch thu, ph bao vy, li c ca ngi c bo him, ni t, n t, tu khng kh nng i bin, tu i chch hng, ch tu mt kh nng ti chnh. 2 - Tn tht trong bo him hng hi a . Cn c vo mc v quy m, tn tht c chia thnh hai loi:

* Tn tht b phn (patial loss) L s mt mt mt phn i tng bo him thuc mt hp ng bo him. V d l hng 10 tn ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn b tn tht 1 tn. * Tn tht ton b (total loss) L hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc g tr s dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi: Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc s (actual total loss) L tn tht m do hng ha b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng cn l vt phm nh c hoc ngi c bo him b tc quyn s hu vi hng ha. Nh vy tn tht ton b thc s c th l do hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton nh chy hoc n, hay hng ha b ha hng nghim trng nh go hay ng b thi do ngm nc hoc ngi c bo him b tc hn quyn s hu i vi hng ha nh hng v mt do mt tch hay do tu b m. Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss) L tn tht v hng ha m khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc s hay nhng chi ph phi b ra sa cha, khi phc v a hng ha v bn n bng hoc vt qu tr gi hng ha. Tn tht ton b c tnh gm 2 dng: Dng th nht l: Chc chn tn tht ton b thc s s xy ra, v d mt l ng c ch t nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu c mang v Vit Nam th ng s thi ht, tn tht ton b thc s chc chn s xy ra. Dng th 2 l: Xt v ti chnh th coi l tn tht ton b, v d vn chuyn st thp t nc ngoi v Vit Nam, dc ng tu hng my buc phi vo Hng Kng sa cha. cha tu phi d st ln b, trong thi gian cha phi lu kho lu bi st thp, khi cha xong phi ti xp st thp xung tu v a st thp v Vit Nam. Tng cc chi ph phi b ra trong trng hp ny c th bng hoc ln hn tr gi bo him ca st thp.

Khi hng ha b tn tht ton b c tnh, ngi c bo him c th t b hng ha. T b hng ha l t b mi quyn li lin quan n hng ha hay l s t nguyn ca ngi c bo him chuyn quyn s hu v hng ha cho ngi bo him i bi thng ton b. Mun t b hng phi tun th cc quy nh sau; Mt l: Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bo him bng vn bn. Hai l: Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc s. Ba l: Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na, s hu v hng ho thuc v ngi bo him v ngi c bo him c i bi thng ton b. b. Cn c vo quyn li v trch nhim, tn tht c chia lm hai loi: * Tn tht ring (particular average) L tn tht ca tng quyn li bo him do thin tai, tai nn bt ng gy nn. V d, dc ng tu b st nh lm hng ha ca ch hng A b chy, tn tht ca hng A l do thin tai, ch hng A phi t chu, hoc i cng ty bo him, khng c phan b tn tht cho ch tu v cc ch hng khc. Tn tht trong trng hp ny l tn tht ring. * Tn tht chung (general average) L nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph hoc hi sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng ha v cc ph trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin khi s nguy him chung i vi chng. Tn tht chung c chia lm 2 b phn B phn th nht: Hy sinh tn tht chung L nhng thit hi hoc chi ph do hu qu trc tip ca mt hnh ng tn tht chung. V d: Tu gp bo ln, buc phi vt hng ca ch hng A xung bin cu ton b hnh trnh. Hng A b vt xung bin l hy sinh tn tht chung. B phn th 2: Chi ph tn tht chung Phi tr cho ngi th ba trong vic cu tu, hng, cc ph thot nn hoc chi ph lm cho tu tip tc hnh trnh. Nhng chi ph sau y c coi l chi ph tn tht

chung; Chi ph tu ra vo cng lnh nn, chi ph lu kho lu bi ti cng lnh nn, chi ph tm thi sa cha nhng h hi ca tu, chi ph tng thm v nhin liu... do hu qu ca hnh ng tn tht chung. 3. Cc iu kin bo him hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin trn th trng bo him. Cc iu kin bo him ca Anh (1.1.1982) * iu kin bo him A: Nhng ri ro c bo him a. iu khon ri ro Loi tr nhng ri ro qui nh trong cc iu 4, 5, 6 v 7 di y, bo him ny bo him mi ri ro v mt mt hoc h hng xy ra vi i tng c bo him. b. iu khon tn tht chung Bo him ny bo him cc chi ph tn tht chung v cu h chi ra nhm trnh hoc c lin quan ti vic trnh khi tn tht do bt k nguyn nhn no, loi tr nhng nguyn nhn qui nh trong cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay nhng iu khc trong hp ng bo him ny. Cc chi ph ny c tnh ton hoc xc nh theo hp ng chuyn ch v /hoc theo lut php v tp qun hin hnh. c. iu khon Tu m va nhau hai bn cng c li Hp ng bo him ny c m rng bi thng cho ngi c bo him phn trch nhim theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau hai bn cng c li trong hp ng chuyn ch co lin quan ti mt tn tht thuc phm vi bi thng ca bo him ny. Trng hp Ch tu khiu ni theo iu khon ni trn th Ngi c bo him phi thng bo cho Ngi bo him l ngi c quyn bo v Ngi c bo him i vi khiu ni v t chu mi ph tn. Loi tr bo him d. iu khon loi tr chung Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho: - Mt mt, h hng hay chi ph c qui cho hnh vi xu c ca Ngi c bo him.

- i tng c bo him b r chy thng thng, hao ht trng lng hoc gim th tch thng thng hoc hao mn thng thng. - Mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra do vic ng gi hoc chun b cho i tng c bo him cha y hoc khng thch hp (theo ch ca iu ny vic ng gi phi c coi nh bao gm c vic xp hng vo container hoc kin g nhng ch khi no vic xp hng c thc hin trc khi hp ng ny c hiu lc hoc tin hnh bi Ngi c bo him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h). - Mt mt h hng hay chi ph gy ra bi khuyt tt vn c hoc tnh cht ring ca i tng c bo him. - Mt mt h hng hay chi ph trc tip gy ra bi chm tr ngay c khi chm tr do mt ri ro c bo him gy ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi tr theo iu 2 k trn) - Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t tnh trng khng tr c n hoc thiu thn v ti chnh ca ngi Ch tu, ngi qun l, ngii thu hoc ngi iu hnh tu. - Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t vic s dng bt k mt loi v kh chin trang g c s dng nng lng nguyn t, ht nhn v/ hoc phn ng ht nhn, phng x hoc tng t. e. iu khon loi tr tu khng kh nng i bin v khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch. * Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny cng s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi. - Tu hoc thuyn khng kh nng i bin.- Tu, thuyn, phng tin vn chuyn container hoc kin g khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch an ton i tng c bo him. Nu Ngi uc bo him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h c bit v trng thi khng kh nng i bin hoc khng thch hp vo thi gian i tng c bo him c xp vo cc phng tin trn. * Ngi bo him b qua mi trng hp vi phm nhng cam kt ng tu kh nng i bin v thch hp cho vic chuyn ch i tng c bo him ti ni

n, tr khi Ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm cng cho h c bit rieng v trng thi khng kh nng i bin hay khng thch hp . f. iu khon loi tr chin tranh Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khong bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi - Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c , hoc bt k hnh ng th ch no gy ra hoc chng li bn tham chin - Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch hay cm gi (loi tr cp bin) v hu qu ca nhng hnh ng hoc bt k mu toan no nhm thc hin nhng hnh vi . - Mn, thy li, bom hoc nhng v kh chin tranh hoang ph khc. g. iu khon loi tr nh cng Trong bt c trng hp no bo him ny cng khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hi hoc chi ph - Gy ra bi nhng ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc nhng ngi tham gia gy ri lao ng, no lon hoc bo ng dn s - Hu qu ca nh cng, cm xng, gy ri lao ng, no lon hoc bo ng dn s 7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k khng b hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tr. * iu kin bo him B Nhng ri ro c bo him 1. iu khon ri ro Loi tr nhng ri ro qui nh trong cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 di y, bo him ny bo him. 1.1. Mt mt hoc h hng xy ra cho i tng c bo him c th qui hp l do. 1.1.1. Chy hay n 1.1.2. Tu hay thuyn b mc cn, m hoc lt 1.1.3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc trt bnh

1.1.4. Tu, thuyn hay phng tin vn chuyn m va hoc va chm vi bt k vt th no bn ngoi, khng k nc. 1.1.5. D hng ti mt cng ni tu gp nn 1.1.6. ng t, ni la phun hoc st nh 1.2. i tng bo him b mt mt hoc h hng do nhng nguyn nhn: 1.2.1. Hy sinh tn tht chung 1.2.2. Nm hng khi tu hoc hng b nc cun tri khi tu 1.2.3. Nc bin, nc sng hay nc h trn vo tu, thuyn, hm hng, phng tin vn chuyn cng ten n hoc ni ca hng. 1.3. Tn tht ton b bt k kin hng no ri khi tu hoc ri trong khi ang xp hng ln, hay ang d khi tu hoc thuyn. 2. iu khon tn tht chung Bo him ny bo him cc chi ph tn tht chung v cu h chi ra nhm trnh hoc c lin quan ti vic trnh khi tn tht do bt k nguyn nhn no, loi tr nhng nguyn nhn qui nh cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay nhng iu khc trong hp ng bo him ny. Cc chi ph ny c tnh ton hoc xc nh theo hp ng chuyn ch v/ hoc theo lut php v tp qun hin hnh. 3. iu khon Tu m va nhau hai bn cng c li Hp ng bo him ny c m rng bi thng cho Ngi c bo him phn trch nhim theo iu khon tu m va nhau hai bn cng c li trong hp ng chuyn ch c lin quan ti mt tn tht thuc phm vi bi thng ca hp ng bo him ny. Trng hp Ch tu khiu ni theo iu khon ni trn th Ngi c bo him phi thong bo cho Ngi bo him l ngi c quyn bo v Ngi c bo him i vi khiu ni v t chu mi ph tn. Loi tr bo him 4. iu khon loi tr chung Trong bt c trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho: 4.1. Mt mt, h hng hay chi ph c qui cho hnh vi xu c ca Ngi c bo him

4.2. i tng c bo him b r chy thng thng, hao ht trng lng hoc gim th tch thng thng hoc hao mn thng thng. 4.3. Mt mt h hng hoc chi ph pht sinh do vic ng gi hoc chun b cho i tng c bo him cha y hoc khng thch hp (theo ch ca iu 4.3 ny vic ng gi s c coi l bao gm c vic xp hng vo container hoc kin g nhng ch khi no vic xp hng c thc hin trc khi hp ng ny c hiu lc hoc tin hnh bi Ngi c bo him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h) 4.4. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh do khuyt tt vn c tnh cht ring ca i tng c bo him 4.5. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph trc tip gy ra do chm tr, ngay c khi chm tr do mt ri ro c bo him gy ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi tr theo iu 2 k trn) 4.6. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t tnh trng khng tr c n hoc thiu thn v ti chnh ca Ch tu, ngi qun l, ngi thu hoc ngui iu hnh tu 4.7. H hi hoc ph hy do c gy ra cho i tng bo him hay mt b phn bt k ca i tng bo him do hnh ng sai tri ca bt k ngi no. 4.8. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t vic s dng bt k mt loi v kh chin tranh g c s dng nng lng nguyn t, ht nhn v/hoc phn ng ht nhn, phng x hoc tng t. 5. iu khon loi tr tu khng kh nng i bin v khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch 5.1. Trong bt c trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi - Tu hoc thuyn khng kh nng i bin. - Tu, thuyn, phng tin vn chuyn container hoc kin g khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch an ton i tng c bo him, nu Ngi c bo him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h c bit ring v trng thi khng kh nng

i bin hoc khng thch hp vo thi gian i tng c bo him uc xp vo cc phng tin trn. 5..2. Ngui bo him b qua mi trng hp vi phm nhng cam kt ng tu kh nng i bin v thch hp cho vic chuyn ch i tng c bo him ti ni n tr khi Ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm cng cho h c bit ring v trng thi khng kh nng i bin hay khng thch hp . 6. iu khon loi tr chin tranh Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi 6.1. Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni loan, khi ngha hoc xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c , hoc bt k hnh ng th ch no gy ra hoc chng li bn tham chin 6.2. Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch hay cm gi v hu qu ca nhng s vic hoc bt k mu toan no nhm thc hin nhng hnh vi . 6.3. Mn, thy li, bom hoc nhng v kh chin tranh hoang ph khc. 7. iu khon loi tr nh cng Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph. 7.1. Gy ra bi nhng ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc nhng ngi tham gia gy ri lao ng, no lon hoc bo ng dn s 7.2. Hu qu ca nh cng, cm xng, gy ri lao ng, no lon hoc bo ng dn s 7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k khng b hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tr * iu kin bo him C Nhng ri ro c bo him 1. iu khon ri ro Loi tr nhng ri ro qui nh trong cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 di y, bo him ny bo him

1.1. Mt mt hoc h hng xy ra cho i tng c bo him c th qui hp l cho 1.1.1. Chy hay n 1.1.2. Tu hay thuyn b mc can, m hoc lt 1.1.3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc trt bnh 1.1.4. Tu, thuyn hay phng tin vn chuyn am va hoc va chm vi bt k vt th no bn ngoi, khng k nc. 1.1.5. D hng ti mt cng ni tu gp nn 1.2. i tng bo him b mt mt hoc h hng do nhng nguyn nhn: 1. 2.1. Hy sinh tn tht chung 1. 2..2. Nm hng khi tu. 2. iu khon tn tht chung Bo him ny bo him cc chi ph tn tht chung v cu h chi ra nhm trnh hoc c lin quan ti vic trnh khi tn tht do bt k nguyn nhn no, loi tr nhng nguyn nhn qui nh cc iu khon 4, 5, 6 v 7 hay nhng iu khc trong hp ng bo him ny. Cc chi ph ny c tnh ton hoc xc nh theo hp ng chuyn ch v/ hoc theo lut php v tp qun hin hnh. 3. iu khon "Tu m va nhau hai bn cng c li" Bo him ny c m rng bi thng cho Ngi c bo him phn trch nhim theo iu khon "Tu m v nhau hai bn cng c li trong hp ng chuyn ch c lin quan ti mt tn tht thuc phm vi bi thng ca bo him ny. Trng hp Ch tu khiu ni theo iu khon ni trn, Ngi c bo him phi thng bo cho Ngi bo him l ngi c quyn bo v Ngi c bo him i vi khiu ni v t chu mi ph tn. Loi tr bo him 4. iu khon loi tr chung Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho: 4.1. Mt mt, h hng hay chi ph c qui cho hnh vi xu c ca Ngi c bo him

4.2. i tng c bo him b r chy thng thng, hao ht trng lng hoc gim th tch thng thng hoc hao mn thng thng 4.3. Mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra do vic ng gi hoc chun b cho i tng c bo him cha y hoc khng thch hp) theo ch ca iu 4.3 ny vic ng gi phi c coi nh bao gm c vic xp hng vo container hoc kin g nhng ch khi no vic xp hng c thc hin trc khi hp ng bo him ny c hiu lc hoc c tin hnh bi Ngi c bo him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h) 4.4. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph gy ra bi khuyt tt vn c hoc tnh cht ring ca i tng c bo him. 4.5. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph trc tip gy ra bi chm tr ngay c khi chm tr do mt ri ro c bo him gy ra (tr nhng chi ph c chi tr theo iu 2 k trn) 4.6. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t tnh trng khng tr c n hoc thiu thn v ti chnh ca Ch tu, ngi qun l, ngi thu hoc ngi iu hnh tu. 4.7. H hi hoc ph hy do c gy ra cho i tng bo him hay mt b phn bt k ca i tng do hnh ng sai tri ca bt k ngi no. 4.8. Mt mt h hng hay chi ph pht sinh t vic s dng bt k mt loi v kh chin tranh g c s dng nng lng nguyn t, phn ht nhn v/ hoc phn ng ht nhn, phng x hoc tng t. 5. iu khon loi tr tu khng kh nng i bin v khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch 5.1.Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi - Tu hoc thuyn khng kh nng i bin - Tu, thuyn, phng tin vn chuyn container hoc kin g khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch an ton i tng c bo him,

Nu ngi c bao him hoc nhng ngi lm cng cho h c bit ring tnh trng khng kh nng i bin hoc khng thch hp vo thi gian i tng c bo him c xp vo cc phng tin trn. 5.2. Ngi bo him b qua mi trng hp vi phm nhng cam kt ng tu kh nng i bin v thch hp cho vic chuyn ch i tng c bo him ti ni n tr khi Ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm cng cho h c bit ring v tnh trng khng kh nng i bin hay khng thch hp . 6. iu khon loi tr chin tranh Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph gy ra bi 6.1. Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c , hoc bt k hnh ng th ch no gy ra hoc chng li bn tham chin 6.2 Bt gi, tch thu, kim ch hay cm gi v hu qu ca nhng s vic hoc bt k mu toan no nhm thc hin nhng hnh vi . 6.3. Mn, thy li, bom hoc nhng v kh chin tranh hoang ph khc. 7. iu khon loi tr nh cng Trong bt k trng hp no bo him ny s khng bo him cho nhng mt mt h hng hoc chi ph 7.1. Gy ra bi nhng ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng hoc nhng ngi tham gia gy ri lao ng no lon hoc bo ng dn s 7.2. Hu qu ca nh cng, cm xng, gy ri lao ng, no lon hoc bo ng dn s 7.3. Gy ra bi bt k k khng b hoc bt k ngi no hnh ng v ng c chnh tr. *Cc iu khon chung cho cc iu kin bo him A- B- C 1. iu khon vn chuyn 1.1.Bo him ny bt u c hiu lc k t khi hng ri khi cho hay ni cha hng ti a im c tn ghi trong n bo him bt u vn chuyn, tip tc c

hiu lc trong qu trnh vn chuyn bnh thng v kt thc hiu lc ti mt trong nhgn thi im sau y, ty theo trng hp no xy ra trc hoc. a. Khi giao hng vo kho ngi nhn hng hay kho, hoc ni ca hng cui cng khc ti ni n c tn trong n bo him b. Khi giao hng vo bt k mt kho hay ni cha hng no khc, d trc khi ti hay ti ni n c tn ghi trong n bo him m Ngi c bo him chn dng hoc * cha hng ngoi qu trnh vn chuyn bnh thng hoc * chia hay phn phi hng hoc c. Khi ht hn 60 ngy sau khi hon thnh vic d hng ha bo him khi tu bin ti cng d hng cui cng 1..2. Nu sau khi hng d khi tu bin ti cng d hng cui cng, nhng trc khi kt thc thi hn bo him, hng ha c gi ti mt ni khc ni n ghi trong n bo him, bo him ny trong khi gi nguyn hiu lc theo qui nh kt thc ni trn s khng m rng gii hn qu lc bt u vn chuyn ti mt ni n khc . 1.3. Bo him ny s gi nguyn hiu lc (ph thuc qui nh kt thc ni trn v qui nh trong iu 2 di y) trong khi b chm tr ngoi kh nng kim sot ca Ngi c bo him, tu chy chch hng bt k, d hng bt buc, xp li hng hoc chuyn ti v khi c bt k thay i no v hnh trnh pht sinh t vic thc hin mt quyn t do m hp ng chuyn ch dnh cho Ch tu hoc Ngi thu tu. 2. iu khon kt thc hp ng vn chuyn 2.1. Nu do nhng tnh hung ngoi kh nng kim sot ca Ngi c bo him m hp ng vn chuyn kt thc ti mt cng hay mt ni khc ni n c tn ghi trong hp ng vn chuyn hoc vic vn chuyn c kt thc theo mt cch khc trc khi giao hng nh qui nh ca iu 8 trn y, bo him ny cng s kt thc, tr khi Ngi c bo him thng bo ngay cho Ngi bo him yu cu tip tc bo him khi bo him vn cn hiu lc, vi iu kin phi np thm ph bo him nu Ngi bo him yu cu, hoc cho ti khi hng c bn v giao ti cng

hay a im , hoc tr khi c tha thun ring khc, cho ti khi ht hn 60 ngy sau khi hng c bo him n cng hay i im , ty theo trng hp no xy ra trc, hoc 2.2. Nu hng ha c gi i trong thi hn 60 ngy ni trn (hoc bt k thi hn m rng no tha thun) ti ni n c tn ghi trong n ba him hay ti bt k ni n no khc cho ti khi kt thc bo him theo nhng qui nh ca iu 8 k trn. 3. iu khon thay i hnh trnh Sau khi bo him ny bt u c hiu lc nu Ngi c bo him thay i ni n th bo him ny vn gi nguyn hiu lc vi iu kin Ngi c bo him phi thng bo ngay cho Ngi bo him bit vi chi ph bo him v nhng iu kin c tha thun. 4. iu khon quyn li bo him 4.1. c th i bi thng theo n bo him ny Ngi c bo him cn phi c quyn li bo him i vi i tng c bo him vo thi gian xy ra tn tht 4.2. Tun theo iu 4.1 trn y Ngi c bo him s c quyn i bi thng cho nhng tn tht c bo him xy ra trong thi gian bo him ny c hiu lc cho d tn tht xy ra trc khi hp ng bo him c k kt, tr khi Ngi c bo him bit v tn tht v Ngi bo him cha bit. 5. iu khon chi ph gi hng Nu do hu qu ca mt ri ro c bo him m hnh trnh c bo him li kt thc ti mt cng hoc mt ni khng phi ni n c tn ghi trong n bo him th Ngi bo him s hon trae cho Ngi c bo him mi khon chi ph pht sinh thm mt cch hp l v tha ng d hng, lu kho v gi hng ti ni n thuc phm vi bo him ca hp ng ny. iu 12 ny khng p dng cho tn tht chung hoc chi ph cu h v phi tun theo nhng im loi tr trong cc iu 4, 5, 6 v 7 k trn v khng bao gm nhng chi ph pht sinh t hnh vi sai lm, bt cn v t tnh trng khng tr c n hoc thiu thn v ti chnh ca Ngi c bo him hay nhng ngi lm cng cho h.

6. iu khon tn tht ton b c tnh Bo him ny khng bi thng cho cc khiu ni v tn tht ton b c tnh tr khi i tng c bo him b t b mt cch hp l nu xt thy khng th trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hoc do chi ph phc hi, tu b li v gi hng ti ni n thuc phm vi bo him s vt qu gi tr hng ti ni n. 7. iu khon gi tr tng thm 7.1. Nu Ngi c bo him k kt bt k hp ng bo him gi tr tng thm no cho hng ha c bo him ny bo him th gi tr tha thun ca hng ha c xem nh c bo him ny bo him thuc bo him ny cng vi s tin bo him ca cc hp ng bo him gi tr tng thm cng vo him tn tht v trch nhim thuc phm vi bo him ny s c tnh theo t l gia s tin bo him ca hp ng bo him ny v tng s tin bo him ni ti. Trng hp c khiu ni, Ngi c bo him phi cung cp cho Ngi bo him bng chng v nhng s tin bo him thuc tt c cc Hp ng bo him khc. 7.2. Trng hp bo him ny bo him gi tr tng thm th s p dng iu khon sau: Gi tr tha thun ca hng ha s c xem nh ngang bng vi tng s tin ba him ca hp ng bo him gc v ca tt c cc hp ng bo him gi tr tng thm m Ngi c bo him thc hin cng bo him cho tn tht v trch nhim thuc phm vi bo him ny s c tnh theo t l gia s tin bo him ca hp ng bo him ny v tng s tin bo him ni ti. Trng hp c khiu nai, Ngi c bo him phi cung cp cho Ngi bo him bng chng v nhng s tin ba him thuc tt c cc bo him khc. 8. iu khon khng p dng Bo him ny s khng p dng i vi quyn li ca ngi chuyn ch hay ngi nhn k gi hng ha no khc. 9. iu khon ngha v ca Ngi c bo him Ngha v ca Ngi c bo him, nhng ngi lm cng v i l ca h i vi cc tn tht thuc phm vi ca bo him ny l:

9.1. Phi thc hin mi bin php c th coi l hp l nhm mc ch ngn nga hoc gim nh tn tht v 9.2. Phi bo lu v thc hin cc quyn khiu ni i vi ngi chuyn ch, ngi nhn k gi hng ha hay ngi th ba khc v Ngi bo him ngoi trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht thuc phm vi bi thng ca bo him ny s hon tr cho Ngi c bo him bt k chi ph no chi ra mt cch hp l v tha ng thc hin ngha v ny. 10. iu khon t b Mi bin php do Ngi c bo him hoc Ngi bo him thc hin nhm mc ch cu vt, bo v hoc khi phc li i tng c bo him s khng c coi nh s t b hoc s chp nhn t b hoc v mt khc lm tn hi n cc quyn li ca mi bn. 11. iu khon khn trng hp l iu kin ca bo him ny l Ngi c bo him phi hnh ng mt cch khn trng hp l trong mi tnh hung thuc kh nng kim sot ca h. 12. iu khon lut php v tp qun Anh Bo him ny tun theo lut php v tp qun Anh. BI TP n tp Bo him qua h thng 15 cu hi Cu 1: Nhng nguyn tc c bn trong bo him hng hi Hot ng bo him c tin hnh da trn cc nguyn tc sau: - Bo him mi ri ro: Ngi bo him ch nhn bo him mi ri ro, ngha l nhn bo him mt s c tai nn xy ra mt cch bt ng, ngu nhin ngoi mun ch khng bo him nhng tn hi chc chn xy ra. - Trung thc tuyt i: Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi thnh tht, tin tng ln nhau, khng la di, li dng ln nhau. Nu mt bn vi phm th hp ng bo him khng c hiu lc. - Li ch bo him: Ngi c bo him mua bo him phi c li ch bo him. l quyn li hoc s c trong i tng bo him. N c lin quan ti gn b vi hay ph thuc vo s an ton ca i tng bo him.

- Bi thng: Ngi c bo him phi bi thng khi xy ra tn tht sao cho ngi c bo him c v tr ti chnh nh trc khi xy ra tn tht. Cc bn khng c li dng bo him trc li. - Th quyn: ngi bo him sau khi bi thng cho ngi c bo him th c quyn thay mt ngi c bo him i ngi th 3 c trch nhim bi thng cho mnh. Cu 2: Nhng ri ro thng thng trong hng hi c bo him Nhng ri ro c bo him l nhng tn tht c bi thng theo n bo him khi m nhng tn tht c gy ra mt cch trc tip do mt him ha c bo him. Cc him ha c bo him chia lm 2 nhm: 1- Him ha c bo him khng b chi phi bi nhng quy nh mn cm hp l: - Him ha ca bin, sng h, cc vng nc hng hi (tr him ha do tc ng ca sng gi thng thng) bao gm c m, lt, kh hu khc nghit, mc cn; nm cn, m va vi mi vt th tr bng. - Chy n l nguyn nhn trc tip ca tn hi. Tn hi nu do hm nng m khng c ha hon th khng c bi thng. Chy n gy ra bi thm ha, chin tranh, nh cng, hnh ng c - Cp bin, cp c v kh ca nhng ngi khng phi thnh vin ca tu. - Hnh vi c vt b xung bin mt b phn ca tu ngn nga tn tht ton b trong lc nguy him v hnh vi ny l hp l v thuc trchnhim ca ngi bo him. Nu vt b ngn nga tn tht khng thuc trch nhim bo him th khng c bi thng. - H hng ca cc thit b, ng c phn lc, nguyn t l thnh phn ca ng c vn hnh. - Va chm vi my bay, mnh v tr, phng tin vn ti b, cc trang thit b ca cng, cu, p chn sng - ng t, ni l, st nh m khng phi l him ha ca bin (khi tu hnh trnh) tc l xy ra khi tu nm , bn. 2- Him ha c bo him b chi phi bi mn cn hp l:

- Tai nn gy ra cho tu trong khi bc d hng ha (khng bo him trch nhim vi ch hng). - N ni hi, gy trc hoc n t trong my mc, thn tu v ch bi thng tn tht do n t gy ra ch khng bi thng vic sa cha, thay th b phn c n t. - Bt cn ca Cap; s quan, thy th, hoa tiu trong qu trnh lm vic mn cn hp l. - Manh ng ca Cap, s quan hay thy th, bao gm cc hnh vi sai tri ca thuyn vin lm thit hi cho ch tu, mc d ch tu ht sc mn cn hp l trong vic iu hnh m cc tn tht vn xy ra. Cu 3: Phn loi tn tht trong bo him hng hi: C 2 cch phn loi tn tht trong bo him hng hi: * Theo mc tn tht: + Tn tht ton b: gm 2 loi: - Tn tht ton b thc t: l trng hp i tng bo him b mt mt, h hng hon ton. Hng ha b ph hy hon ton nh chy, n, hng trn tu b m. Hng ha khng cn kh nng ly li c nh b ri xung bin, b chim gi. Hng ha b mt ht gi tr s dng Hng ch trn tu b mt tch - Tn tht ton b c tnh: l tn tht xy ra i vi i tng bo him m vic xy ra tn tht ton b thc t l kh trnh khi hay v chi ph cu hng, tu b li, gi hng n ni nhn c th s vt qua gi tr thc t ca hng ha ti ni . + Tn tht b phn: l trng hp tn tht ch xy ra mt phn ca i tng bo him, ngha l cha mc thit hi hon ton. * Theo tnh cht tn tht v quyn li cc bn: + Tn tht chung: l tn tht c lin quan n tt c quyn li ca tt c cc bn c lin quan n i tng bo him ti thi im xy ra tn tht, l thit hi xy ra do s hy sinh v chi ph bt thng thc hin mt cch c thc v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu v hng thot khi mt nguy him tht s. Tn tht chung gm hy sinh v ti sn v cc chi ph b ra.

Cc c trng ca tn tht chung: - C tnh bt thng, nguy c e da thc t tn ti - S hy sinh l ng c t nguyn - Hy sinh v chi ph phi hp l - V s an ton chung ca cc bn c ti sn lin quan. + Tn tht ring: L tn tht xy ra ch lin quan n quyn li ca ch hng hoc ch tu b tn tht. Tc l tn tht thiu 1 trong 4 c trng ca tn tht chung. Bo him khng ch bi thng gi tr thit hi vt cht ca tn tht ring m cn tr nhng chi ph lin quan nhm hn ch nhng thit hi do tn tht gy ra. Tn tht ring c th l tn tht ton b hoc tn tht b phn. phn bit tn tht ring vi cc dng tn tht khc, ta cn c vo 2 iu kin: - Quyn li bo him tn tht ring l quyn li bo him ring bit. - Nguyn nhn gy ra tn tht l do thin tai, tai nn bt ng thuc ri ro c bo him (ch mc khu tr trong tn tht). Cu 4: Th no l tn tht chung, phng php tnh ton phn chia tn tht chung * Tn tht chung l tn tht c lin quan n tt c quyn li ca tt c cc bn c lin quan n i tng bo him ti thi im xy ra tn tht, l thit hi xy ra do s hy sinh v chi ph bt thng c thc hin mt cch c thc v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu v hng hot khi mt nguy him tht s. Tn tht chung gm hy sinh v ti sn v cc chi ph b ra. Tn tht chung c 4 c trng: - C tnh bt thng, nguy c e da tht s tn ti - S hy sinh l hnh ng c t nguyn, c thc - Hy sinh v chi ph phi hp l - V s an ton chung ca cc bn c ti sn lin quan * Phng php tnh ton phn chia tn tht chung: +Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr tn tht chung (A) bao gm gi tr ti sn v chi ph hi sinh do hnh ng tn tht chung v tn tht ring + Bc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b tn tht (B)

L gi tr ti sn c trn tu ca tt c cc quyn li trc khi c tn tht chung. Nhng ti sn mt mt, h hi thuc tn tht ring xy ra trc tn tht chung khng c tnh vo (B) nhng nu xy ra sau th vn tnh. + Bc 3: Tnh t l phn b tn tht chung (C) (C) = Gi tr tn tht chung .100% = (A) .100% Gi tr chu phn b tn tht chung (B) + Bc 4: Tnh s tin ng gp tn tht chung cc bn (D) S tin ng gp = Gi tr chu phn b tn tht chung ca tng quyn li x T l phn b tn tht chung = (B) x (C) + Bc 5: Cn bng kt qu thanh ton S tin thu v hay phi b ra sau khi ng gp tn tht chung = S tin ng gp tn tht chung Gi tr ti sn hay chi ph b ra trong tn tht chung = (A) (D) Kt qu > 0 l thu v; <0 l ng gp. Cu 5: Nhng ri ro c v khng c bo him theo iu kin bo him thn tu: * Nhng ri ro c bo him: l nhng tn tht c bi thng theo n bo him khi m nhng tn tht c gy ra mt cch trc tip bi mt him ha c bo him. Cc him ha c bo him gm 2 loi: 1- Him ha c bo him khng b chi phi bi nhng quy nh mn cn hp l - Him ha ca bin, sng h, cc vng nc hng hi (tr him ha do tc ng ca sng gi thng thng) bao gm m, lt, kh hu khc nghit, mc cn, nm cn, m va vi mi vt th tr bng. - Chy n l nguyn nhn trc tip ca tn hi - Cp bin, cp c v trang ca nhng ngi ngoi khng phi l thnh vin ca tu. - Hnh ng c vt b xung bin mt b phn ca tu ngn nga tn tht ton b trong lc nguy him v hnh vi ny l hp l, thuc trch nhim ngi bo him. Nu vt b ngn nga tn tht khng thuc trch nhim bo him th khng c bi thng.

- H hng ca cc thit b, ng c phn lc, nguyn t l thnh phn ca ng c vn hnh. - Va chm vi my bay, mnh v tr, phng tin vn ti trn b, cc thit b cng nh cu, p chn sng - ng t, ni la phun, st nh m khng phi l him ha ca bin (khi tu hnh trnh) tc l xy ra khi tu nm , bn. 2- Him ha c bo him b chi phi bi mn cn hp l: - Tai nn gy ra cho tu khi bc d hng ha (khng bo him trch nhim vi ch hng) - N ni hi, gy trc hoc n t trong my mc, thn tu. Ch bi thng tn tht do n t gy ra ch khng bi thng vic sa cha, thay mi b phn c n t. - Bt cn ca Cap, s quan, thy th, hoa tiu trong qu trnh lm vic mn cn hp l. * Nhng ri ro khng c bo him: l nhng tn tht khng trc tip gy ra bi nhng him ha ghi trong n bo him gm: - Tn tht do sai tri c ca ngi c bo him. - Tn tht do s chm tr ngay c khi s chm tr l do 1 him ha c ghi trong n bo him. - Tn tht do c k thng thng nh h hng my mc, v tu do qu c k. - Tu thuyn b mc cn do thy triu hoc con nc ln xung trong lc neo u. - Tn tht do hnh ng th ch, ri do chin tranh, nh cng - Ri ro do v kh chin tranh, tu thuyn b trng dng vo mc ch qun s xy ra tn tht. - Tu thuyn c tnh hot ng tri vi iu khon ca n bo him (c tnh i lch tuyn, ch khng ng loi hng, neo u khng ng ni quy nh). - Chi ph duy tu, bo dng bnh thng. - Tn tht v tin cc, tin thu tu. - iu khin ITCAR: theo thng l i tng bo him thn tu c chia ra: V tu: 40% gi tr bo him. My mc: 40% gi tr bo him.

 Trang thit b: 20% gi tr bo him. Cu 6: iu kin tiu chun v bo him tn tht ton b thn tu: Ngi bo him chu trch nhim bi thng cho nhng tn tht chi ph do nhng ri ro bo him quy nh bao gm: * Tn tht ton b thc t: Mt tu b h hng nng, b chm m, b ph hoi nghim trng n mc khng cn hnh thi ban u hay ngi c bo him b tc quyn s hu v iu kin. Cc dng tn tht ny bao gm tu b m, n tung, b ph hy hay t ph hy, b cp. Khi dng tn tht ny xy ra, ngi bo him s bi thng theo gi tr ghi trong hp ng bo him, khng tnh n mc min thng. * Tn tht ton b c tnh: Tn tht ton b c tnh l dng tn tht cha mc tn tht ton b nhng ngi c bo him phi t b con tu mt cch hp l v tn tht ton b thc t l kh trnh khi hay nu c trnh c th chi ph khc phc cng vt qu s tin bo him. Cc dng tn tht c tnh gm: Tu b chy, m, mc cn, mt tch, b cp h hi nghim trng. Trong trng hp cc tn tht ton b c tnh xy ra, ngi c bo him phi ra thng bo t b i tng bo him v iu kin bng vn bn th mi c iu kin c bi thng theo tn tht ton b c tnh. Khi ra thng bo t b i tng bo him th ngi c bo him khng c rt li nh. K t lc thng bo chp nhn, ngi bo him s l ch s hu i tng bo him. Nu n bo him khng nu r th cn c vo lut MIA 1906 hay cc iu khon ITC 1970-1983 xc nh khi no l tn tht c tnh. * Chi ph cu nn: Nhng chi ph pht sinh cu tu khi gp nn. Trong trng hp khn cp nh ko tu khi cn, lui dt Tuy nhin, chi ph ny c phn b ty theo gi tr tu, hng ha c cu trn tu . Chi ph cu nn c chp nhn bi thng trong iu kin bo him ny v tu ang gp him ha, c th tn tht ton b v ch thot nh cu h.

Cu 7: Cc trng hp t chm dt hiu lc ca hp ng bo him thn tu: Theo iu kin bo him thn tu ITC (1/11/1995) iu 5 quy nh bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt vo lc: (tr khi ngi bo him c tha thun bng vn bn). - Thay i cp tu: mi thay i cp tu phi c bo him chp thun, nu mun tip tc bo him. Nu thay i cp tu khi tu ang hnh trnh ngoi bin, vic bo him s kt thc khi tu n cng k tip d l cng gh hay cng lnh nn. - Thay i c quan ng kim: Bo him s chm dt hiu lc nu c s thay i ny. - Thay i quc tch: Bo him chm dt v l do thy th on thay i s gia tng ri ro. - Thay i quyn s hu: Nu tu b bn hay cng ty ch tu thay i lnh o trong thi gian bo him th ngi bo him c quyn kt thc vic bo him cho con tu nu mun. - Thay i lnh o. - Cho thu tu trn: Bo him chm dt hiu lc v l do thy th on thay i s lm gia tng ri ro. - Ngi c bo him vi phm hp ng bo him. - Tu khng kh nng i bin. - Hp ng bo him ht hn. - Khng ng ph bo him ng hn. Cu 8: Gii thch v trch nhim n v trch nhim cho trong bo him tu Trong bo him tu bin, ngi bo him chu trch nhim bi thng nhng tn tht m ch tu gnh chu do hu qu ca v m va, cn c gi l trch nhim m va. Trch nhim m va c phn chia theo: * Trch nhim n: iu kin gii quyt theo trch nhim n l: + Hai bn cng c li v cng gy tn tht ln nhau + Mt trong 2 ch tu xin gii hn trch nhim c quyn bi thng t hn

+ Nguyn tc gii quyt: Trong trng hp m va gia 2 tu sau khi phn li v nh ra mc li thng th bn no mc bi thng ln hn s c trch nhim i bn c mc bi thng thp hn v s tin = 1/2 hiu s ca tin bi thng v tin bi thng nh. * Trch nhim cho: iu kin gii quyt theo trch nhim cho l: + Hai bn cng c li v cng gy tn tht cho nhau + Mt hay c 2 ch tu khng p dng gii hn trch nhim + Nguyn tc gii quyt khi 2 tu m va v cng c li v p dng trch nhim cho th sau khi phn nh li th mi bn s n b cho nhau theo t l tn tht m mi bn phi chu. Cu 9: Phm vi bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu Vit Nam: Vit Nam, phm vi bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu c quy nh nh sau: * Nhng chi ph thc t pht sinh t tai nn tu thuyn c bo him m ch tu thuyn phi chu trch nhim dn s theo php lut cng nh theo quyt nh ca ta n. - Chi ph ty ra nhim, tin pht ca chnh quyn a phng v cc khiu ni v hu qu ca nhim. - Chi ph thp sng, nh du, ph hy, trc vt, di chuyn xc tu thuyn c bo him b m theo yu cu ca chnh quyn a phng. - Chi ph t chc hp l trong vic ngn nga, hn ch tn tht, tr gip cu nn. - Chi ph lin quan ti vic t tng, tranh chp khiu nn v trch nhim dn s. * Nhng khon chi ph m ch tu thuyn phi chu trch nhim bi thng theo lut nh i vi tnh trng sc khe, thng tt hay cc tn tht vt cht i vi thuyn vin trn tu c bo him. * Phn trch nhim m ch tu thuyn phi gnh chu do tu thuyn c bo him gy ra: - Thit hi cu cng, p, k cng, b mng, ging y cc cng trnh trn b, di nc, c nh hoc di ng.

- B thng hoc thit hi tnh mng, ti sn ca ngi th 3. - Mt mt, h hng hng ha, ti sn chuyn ch trn tu thuyn c bo him (tr mt mt, h hng do n cp hoc hao ht t nhin). * Trch nhim m va: Bao gm nhng chi ph pht sinh t tai nn m va gia tu c bo him vi tu khc m ch tu c trch nhim php lut phi bi thng cho ngi khc v: - Thit hi h hng khc hay ti sn trn tu y. - Chm tr mt thi gian s dng tu khc hay ti sn trn y. - Tn tht chung: cu nn, cu h theo hp ng ca tu khc hay ti sn trn tu y. - Trc vt, di chuyn hoc ph hy xc tu y. - Thuyn vin trn tu y cht hay b thng. - Ty ra do nhim gy ra. Cu 10: Khi xy ra s c gy nn tn tht th tu mun bo him bi thng phi tha mn iu kin g ? Tu phi tha mn nhng iu kin sau: Tu mua bo him, ng ph bo him y v ng hn, khng vi phm cc iu khon ca hp ng bo him nh: - Tu kh nng i bin. - Chy ng phm vi hot ng cho php. - Ch ng loi hng cho php (khng ch cc loi hng khng c php ch, nu thay i phi thng bo cho ngi bo him v c ngi bo him cho php v np thm ph). - S c gy tn tht phi nm trong nhng ri ro m ngi bo him chu trch nhim bi thng. - Khi xy ra s c, ch tu v thuyn vin lm ht kh nng cu tu v hn ch thit hi ti thiu. - Thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him bit khi c s c bn bc v c phng hng x l, c ngi gim nh tn tht. - H s i bi thng phi y .

- Mc tn tht ln hn mc khu tr. - Quc tch tu khng thay i sut thi gian bo him. - Hnh trnh ca tu l hp php. Cu 11: Khi xy ra s c gy tn tht, thuyn trng phi tin hnh nhng th tc php l nh th no v h s i bi thng tn tht gm giy t g ? * Khi xy ra s c gy tn tht, thuyn trng cn tin hnh cc th tc php l sau: - Thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him v tnh hnh tai nn, a im, mc , nguyn nhn v tn tht. - Trng hp tn tht thuc ri ro trch nhim dn s ch tu, xy ra nc ngoi th ngoi vic bo cho c quan bo him trong nc bit, thuyn trng phi bo cho i din ca hi P&I ti a phng c nhng ch th cn thit ngn nga tn tht. - Thc hin gim nh tn tht. - Ghi nht k v ti nn. - Bo co cho ch tu. - Thu thp ti liu: quay phim, chp nh, v s . - H s ban u cn: Khng ngh hng hi. Trch sao nht k. S v tr xy ra tai nn (nu tu b m va, mc cn, ngm.). Bo co thuyn trng v s c. Bo co ca my trng nu s c lin quan n bung my. - H s i bi thng trong bo him thn tu: Cng vn ca ch tu gi cho bo him yu cu bi thng. Khng ngh hng hi. Bin bn gim nh tn tht. Trch sao nht k. S v tr xy ra tai nn. Ha n, chng t lin quan n chi ph bi thng. Th khiu ni v ton b giy t ca ngi th 3.

 Giy php hot ng, cc giy chng nhn k thut ca tu do ng kim cp. Nhng giy t lin quan khc. Cu 12: i tng v quyn li trong bo him hng ha * i tng bo him: - i tng ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin chnh l hng ha. Tuy nhin hng ha c xc nh theo hp ng mua bn ngoi thng ca cc t chc kinh doanh xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin. - Hng ha l ti sn c nhn, c mang theo phc v mc ch sinh hot cn thit ca c nhn, khng c mc ch thng mi c gi l hnh l v n khng thuc i tng ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. - Hng ha c bo him c th gm cc loi nh hng ha thng thng, hng ha nguy him, hng ha mau hng, d v - Hng ha khi mua bo him phi c ch hng khai bo, m t mt cch r rng trong n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him v hp l i vi quy cch, tnh cht c im, k m hiu, bao b ng gi, s lng. Gi tr hng ha c th c tin hnh xc nh c th. * Quyn li trong bo him hng ha: - Quyn li cng l i tng ca bo him. - Khi bo him hng ha, ngi c bo him phi a i tng ca mnh i bo him phng ri ro xy ra. Nh vy, i tng bo him th hin s tn ti ca gi tr hng ha , v khi xy ra tn tht ngi c bo him s nhn c bi thng tng ng gi tr hng ha theo nh hp ng bo him quy nh. Nhng nu trong qu trnh vn chuyn, gi tr hng ha c th thay i, c s thay i v thu, li sut s lm thay i gi tr tng th ca hng ha. Vy nu ri ro xy ra, ch hng ha s mt phn tng gi tr ny, c ngha l m bo c quyn li ca mnh, ngi c bo him c quyn mua bo him nhng kh nng pht sinh. Tm li, quyn li bo him phn nh kh nng m ch th c hng gi tr ca hng ha v nhng quyn li pht sinh t gi tr ca hng ha . - Theo quy nh, mi ngi c lin quan n mt phiu trnh hng hi u c mt quyn li bo him.

- Mun c bi thng, ngi c bo him phi c quyn li bo him nm trong i tng bo him trong thi gian xy ra tn tht. Tuy nhin, theo hp ng vn chuyn hng ha bng ng bin th khng nht thit phi c quyn li bo him ti thi im k hp ng bo him. - Quyn li bo him trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin c bo him l: Phn li d tnh m ch hng c th thu c t vic bn hng ti cng n nu nh hng ha cn nguyn vn. Gi tr tng thm khi gi tr hng ha trn th trng tng ng k trong khi vn chuyn hng ha b tn tht th ch hng c th b tht thu. Cu 14: Ni dung hp ng bo him hng ha Vit Nam: Ni dung hp ng bo him hng ha Vit Nam gm: - Tn ngi c bo him. - Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, k m hiu, loi bao b, cch ng gi. - S L/C hoc hp ng mua bn. - Tn tu vn chuyn hng ha. - Phng thc xp hang. - Hnh trnh bo him, thi hn bo him (ni bt u vn chuyn, cng xp, cng d, cng chuyn ti, ngy tu ri bn). - S vn n B/L. - Hnh thc bo him, iu kin bo him. - S tin, gi tr bo him. - Ni gim nh tn tht, c quan gim nh. - Ni thanh ton bi thng. - a im, ngy thng k hp ng. - Tn cng ty bo him, ch k. Ngoi ra trong hp ng cn quy nh cc iu khon cam kt thc hin hp ng ca 2 bn tham gia k kt. Cu 15: Ngha v ca ngi c bo him khi c tn tht xy ra trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin:

Trong thi gian hiu lc ca hp ng bo him, khi xy ra tn tht ngi c bo him phi c ngha v: - Khi hnh trnh gp g nhng ri ro e da dn n tn tht cho hng ha, ngi c bo him phi thc hin ngha v l tm mi bin php ngn nga tn tht. Ngi c bo him phi tch cc lm tt c nhng g c th hn ch thit hi xy ra i vi hng ha; ng thi phi thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him bit. - Trng hp xy ra mt mt, h hng thuc phm vi trch nhim ca hp ng bo him, ngi c bo him phi tin hnh mi bin php c th nhm trnh hay gim nh tn tht i vi hng ha c bo him. - Nu trong hnh trnh, khng gp s c bo him no m khi cp cng, ngi nhn hng pht hin thy du hiu h hng ca hng ha th phi yu cu ngay i din ca ngi vn chuyn n gim nh i tch ti cu tu. Qua gim nh, nu thc t hng b h hng mt mt th phi khiu ni ngay vi ngi vn chuyn v tn tht . Trng hp sau khi nhn hng mi pht hin c h hng th ngi c bo him phi lm vn bn thng bo cho ngi vn chuyn trong mt thi hn nht nh k t khi nhn hng xong. Tt c nhng quy nh ny rng buc trch nhim ca ngi c bo him. Nu khng thc hin ng nh vy, ngi bo him c quyn t chi nhng khiu ni thuc trch nhim ngi vn chuyn hay ngi th 3 khc. - m bo th tc khiu ni i bi thng c hp php th khi xy ra mt mt, h hng thuc phm vi trch nhim ca hp ng, ngi c bo him phi thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him hoc i l ca h bit c ngi n gim nh. Nu khng c bin bn gim nh th ngi bo him s khng chu trch nhim, tr khi c tha thun khc. - T mnh ch dn cho ngi vn chuyn hoc ngi th 3 tham gia vic cu h, bo v hng. - Bo m thc hin v bo lu y cho ngi bo him quyn khiu ni i vi ngi vn chuyn, ngi nhn y thc hng hay ngi th 3 khc; c bit cn lm cc vic sau: Khiu ni ngay ngi vn chuyn; ngi nhn y thc hng hay chnh quyn cng v bt c kin hng no b mt.

 Yu cu cc bn ni trn tham gia chng kin gim nh tn tht c c s khiu ni Khng cp giy bin nhn hon chnh cho hng ha cn nghi vn. Gi giy bo cho i din ngi vn chuyn hay ngi nhn y thc hng nu tn tht thuc din kh pht hin vo thi gian nhn hng. - Cn np giy t chng minh i ngi bo him bi thng. Bi tp phn b tn tht chung Bi 1: Mt tu ch hng tr gi 10.000.000$ ch cc loi hng sau: Hng A gm 1000 bao tr gi 600.000. Bo him vi s tin 500.000 Hng B tr gi 1200.000 Hng D tr gi 600.000 l 2.000$ Trn hnh trnh, do s sut ca thy th nn xy ra chy, lan sang hng. Thuyn trng quyt nh: cch ly m chy nm 100 bao hng ca l A v mt phn hng B tr gi 400.000 $ xung bin Phun nc dp tt la khin l hng D ngm nc gim gi 40% My tu chy b hng do chy, sa cha mt 150.000$ L hng C b chy h hng hon ton; Cc chi ph cha chy + gim nh chy= 35.000$ L A khi d ti cng ch b ri 30 bao xung bin, 20 bao b rch v gim gi tr 40%, 1 phn l B (20.000$ b nc cun khi tu khi tu v ti gn cng ch) Ngoi l hng A c bo him theo iu kin B vi tng gi tr 1000.000 Cc l cn li bo him ng gi tr theo iu kin C ca ICC-1982 1. Xc nh tnh cht cc tn tht v phm vi trch nhim ca bo him i vi tn tht ca hng ha 2. Phn b tn tht chung 1. Xc nh tnh cht ca cc tn tht? - Hng C tr gi 250.000 - Cc ph cha thu ca l hng C

Tn tht ring Tn tht ring trc khi c hnh ng TTC Tu chy: 150.000 Cc cha thu C: 2000 Hng C: 250.000 Tng cng TTR trc khi c hnh ng TTC: 402.000 Tn tht ring sau khi c hnh ng TTC: - Hng A: 30 bao ri xung bin + 20 bao rch v - Hng B: Phn hng b nc cun khi tu (20.000$)

Tn tht chung - Tu cha chy: 35.000 - L A: 100 baox600= 60.000 - L B: 400.000 - L D: 40% =240.000 Tng cng: 735.000

2.

Phn b tn tht chung? Bc 1: Tnh Tng TTC = 735.000 Bc 2: Tnh gi tr chu phn b TTC = Gi tr cu c bi hnh ng TTC = Gi tr khi ri bn TTR trc khi c hnh ng TTC Tu = (10.000.000 +2000 cc l C) (150.000+2000: cc l C s khng thu c do l C chy = 9.850.000 Hng A, B, D khng c TTC no xy ra trc khi c hnh ng TTC => gi tr chu phn b = Gi tr khi ri bn 0 = Gi tr khi ri bn: L A= 600.000 L B = 1.200.000 Hng D=600.000 L C = Gi tr ri bn: 250.000 TTR trc khi c hnh ng TTC: 250.000 = 0 Tng cng:9.850.000+ 600.000 + 1.200.000+ 0 + 600.000 = 12.250.000 Bc 3: Tng TTC: 735.000 T l chu phn b = ----------------------------------------------- = 0,06 Tng gi tr chu phn b: 18.000.000
Bc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp (ly gi tr chu phn b ca tng quyn li t bc 2 lm trn) Tu: 9850.000 x 0,06 = 591.000 Hng A = 600.000 x 0,06 = 36.000 Hng B = 1200 x 0,06 = 72.000 Hng C = 0 Hng D = 600.000 x 0,06 = 36.000 Tng cng phi ng gp = 735.000 Bc 5: S tin ng (+) hoc nhn v (-) thc t ca cc quyn li Tu: 591.000 35.000 = 556.000 (ng vo) Hng A = 36.000 60.000 = - 24.000 (nhn v) Hng B = 72.000 400.000 = - 328.000 (nhn v) Hng C = 0 Hng D = 36.000 240.000 = - 204.000 (nhn v) 556.000 -24.000-328.000-204.000 = 0

- Hng A mua bo him B nn c Cty bo him bi thng cho phn phi ng gp TTC + 30 bao hng mt nguyn kin khi d hng ti cng ch. 20 bao rch v khng c bi thng. Do hng A mua BH di gi tr nn c bi thng theo t l A/V = 500/600 = 5/6 (ng gp TTC:36.000 + 18.000) = 45.000 - L B mua bo him C nn c bi thng cho phn ng gp TTC, khng c bi thng cho phn hng b nc cun khi tu. - L C c bo him hng chy v l D c bo him cho phn ng gp TTC Bi 2: Mt tu ch 9000 tn xi mng v 3000 tn st xy dng ang hnh trnh gp bo b mc cn, v tu b thng, nc chy vo hm hng No1 lm t hng 260 tn xi mng. Khi bo tan ch tu thu s lan n d bt 700 tn xi mng cho nh tu ra cn. Thuyn trng s dng my ci chy li ht cng sut ra cn nhng khng ra c, my b hng nng. Ch tu thu hai tu lai n ko tu ra khi cn v sau khi xp hng xi mng trn s lan tr li tu ko tu v hng a v cng ch gn . Trong qu trnh d 700 tn xi mng qua s lan v sau xp li tu, 50 tn trong s b h hng mt gi tr s dng hoc b ri mt xung bin. Chi ph d v xp 700 tn xi mng (k c tin thu s lan) ht 19.800 USD. Chi ph thu hai tu lai ht 24.000 USD. Ngi ta xc nh c cng ch cc s liu sau: gi tr ca tu trc khi sa cha cc h hng l: 5.298.500 USD; gi mi tn xi mng l 80 USD, gi mi tn st xy dng l 450 USD, tin sa cha v tu thng l 12.000 USD, sa my ci l 14.000 USD; cc ph mi tn xi mng l 25 USD mi tn st xy dng l 22 USD; chi ph m ngi vn chuyn phi b ra a 1 tn hng t ch tu b nn n cng ch cho n lc d xong l 1 USD/1tn. Hy tnh ton phn b cc tn tht ni trn. Bi gii: Bc 1: Tnh tng gi tr tn tht chung Trc ht ta phn tch v cc tn tht trong tai nn: Vic sa cha v tu thng do mc cn 12.000 USD l tn tht ring. Gi tr 260 tn xi mng b t hng do nc bin vo hm hng qua l thng v tu l tn tht

ring. Phn cc ph b mt ca 260 tn xi mng b hng ni trn xy ra do lc bt kh khng (bo), v vy gy ra cho bn no th bn y phi t gnh chu. Tin sa cha my tu b hng do lm vic qu ti khi ra cn 14.000 USD l hy sinh tn tht chung. Gi tr 50 tn xi mng b h hng v ri xung bin trong qu trnh bc xp sang s lan 700 tn xi mng lm nh tu l hy sinh tn tht chung: 80 USD/tn x50 tn = 4.000 USD Phn cc ph ch tu b mt do 50 tn hng b hng v ri xung bin ni trn l hy sinh tn tht chung: (25 USD/tn -1 USD/tn) x 50 tn = 1.200 USD Chi ph thu hai tu lai k c 2% hoa hng c tnh l chi ph tn tht chung: 24.000 USD + 24.000 USD x 0,02 = 24.480 USD Chi ph d 700 tn xi mng qua s lan v xp li tu sau , k c 2% hoa hng c tnh l chi ph tn tht chung: 19.800 USD + 19.800 USD x 0,02 = 20.196 USD Vy tng gi tr tn tht chung l: 14.000USD + 4.000USD + 1200USD + 24.480USD + 20.196USD = 63.876USD. Bc 2: Tnh gi tr ti sn chu phn b ng gp tn tht chung. Gi tr ti sn chu phn b ng gp tn tht chung ca pha ch tu gm: Gi tr ca tu: 5.298.500 USD + 14.000 USD = 5.312.500 USD. Gi tr cc ph l hng xi mng: 25 USD/tn x (9.000 - 260 - 50) tn + 1.200 USD = 218.450 USD Gi tr cc ph l hng st xy dng: 22 USD/tn x 3.000 tn = 66.000 USD Cng: 5.596.950 USD Gi tr ti sn chu phn b ng gp tn tht chung ca pha ch hng xi mng. 80 USD/tn x (9.000 - 260 - 50) tn + 4.000 USD = 699.200 USD Gi tr ti sn chu phn b ng gp tn tht chung ca pha ch hng st xy dng: 450 USD/tn x 3.000 tn = 1.350.000 USD Tng gi tr ti sn chu phn b ng gp tn tht chung l:

5.596.950 USD + 699.200 USD + 1.350.000 USD = 7.646.150 USD Bc 3: Tnh t l ng gp tn tht chung Bc 4: Tnh phn ng gp ca mi bn vo tn tht chung. Pha ch tu phi ng gp: 5.596.950 USD x 0,008354 = 46.757 USD Pha ch hng xi mng phi ng gp: 699.200 USD x 0,008354 = 5.841 USD Pha ch hng st xy dng phi ng gp: 1.350.000 USD x 0,008354 = 11.278 USD Bc 5: Tnh kt qu thanh ton ti chnh Pha ch tu chu hy sinh ti sn v chi ph trong tn tht chung l: 14.000 USD + 1.200 USD + 24.480 USD + 20.196 USD = 59.876 USD Vy ch tu c thanh ton:
59.876 USD - 46.757 USD = 13.119 USD Pha ch hng xi mng chu hy sinh ti sn trong tn tht chung l 4.000 USD, vy cn phi b ra ng gp thm: 5.841 USD - 4.000 USD = 1.841 USD Pha ch hng st xy dng cha chu hy sinh chi ph no trong tn tht chung, vy phi ng gp vo thanh ton tn tht chung 11.278 USD.