You are on page 1of 8

Tp ch A CHT, lot A, s 297, 11-12/2006, tr.

30-37

TIM NNG KAOLIN MIN NG BC B V KH NNG S DNG TRONG CC NGNH CNG NGHIP
DON HUY CM1, NGUYN PHNG2, L TR3 1 Vn phng HGTLKS; 83 NguynCh Thanh, H Ni 2 Trng i hc M - a cht; ng Ngc, T Lim, H Ni 3 Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam; 6, Phm Ng L, H Ni

Tm tt: Kaolin l loi khong sn quan trng v c nhiu ng dng trong cc lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau, nht l cng nghip gm s. Vit Nam l mt trong s cc quc gia c tim nng ln v khong sn ny. Kaolin phn b kh rng ri v ph bin nhiu ni trn lnh th nc ta, trong c ng Bc B. C th ni, min ng Bc B ch ng sau ng Nam B v tim nng kaolin. Cho n nay, rt nhiu m kaolin ng Bc B c tm kim, thm d, khai thc phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip trong nc v xut khu. Vi tim nng ln v cht lng tt, kaolin ng Bc B nc ta v ang gi v tr c bit quan trng trong ngnh cng nghip khai khong ni ring v trong s nghip pht trin kinh t, x hi ni chung. V vy, ngay t by gi cn c k hoch iu tra tng th nh gi ngy mt y hn v tim nng ti nguyn kaolin ng Bc B, lm c s cho quy hoch cng tc thm d, khai thc, ch bin, gp phn s dng hp l, tit kim v c hiu qu ngun nguyn liu kaolin trong khu vc, phc v thit thc cho pht trin kinh t - x hi ca nc ta.
I. TNG QUAN V KAOLIN NG BC B 1. Khi nim v kaolin v cc lnh vc s dng a. Khi nim v kaolin: Kaolin l loi khong vt st mu trng, do, mm c cu thnh bi kaolinit v mt s khong vt khc nh illit, montmorillonit, thch anhsp xp thnh tp hp lng lo, trong kaolinit quyt nh kiu cu to v kin trc ca kaolin. Kaolin c thnh phn khong vt ch yu l kaolinit c cng thc l Al2O3.2 SiO2.2H2O hoc Al4(OH)8Si4O10. Kaolinit c trng lng ring 2,58- 2,60 g/cm3; cng theo thang Mohs khong 1; nhit nng chy: 1750- 1787oC. Khi nung nng, kaolinit c hiu ng thu nhit khong 510 - 600oC, lin quan n s mt nc kt tinh v hin tng khng nh hnh ca khong vt. Hai hiu ng to nhit 960 1000oC v 1200oC lin quan n qu trnh mulit ho ca cc sn phm kaolinit khng nh hnh, vi hiu ng 1200oC l qu trnh kt tinh ca oxit silic khng nh hnh to

thnh cristobalit. Cc tinh th (ht) ca kaolinit thng mu trng, i khi , nu hoc xanh nht. Chng l cc tinh th bng (ging tuyt) hay phin nh c hnh dng 6 cnh, hay tm to tia dng ng hoc khi rn chc. Trong cng nghip, kaolin c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, nh gm s, vt liu mi, sn xut nhm, phn nhm, c, vt liu chu la, cht n sn, cao su, giy, xi mng trng vv
b. Cc lnh vc cng nghip s dng kaolin: Kaolin l nguyn liu mang nhiu

tnh cht k thut c gi tr, c dng trong nhiu lnh vc sn xut ca nn kinh t quc dn. Cht lng v kh nng s dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip khc nhau ph thuc vo thnh phn ho hc, c im c l, thnh phn khong vt ca kaolin. Lnh vc sn xut gm: Kaolin dng trong lnh vc sn xut gm c phn loi theo chu la, hm lng Al2O3 +

30

TiO2, nhit thiu kt, hm lng oxit nhum mu, do, mt xm tn v hm lng cc bc ln. - Da vo nhit chu la, kaolin c phn thnh loi chu la rt cao (trn 1750oC), cao (trn 1730oC), va (trn 1650oC) v thp (trn 1580oC). - Theo thnh phn Al2O3+ TiO2 trng thi nung nng kaolin c phn thnh loi siu baz, baz cao, baz, hoc axit. - Theo thiu kt, phn thnh loi thiu kt nhit thp (ti 1100oC), thiu kt nhit trung bnh (1100 - 1300oC) v thiu kt nhit cao (trn 1300oC). Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn da vo hm lng oxit nhum mu phn ra cc loi khc nhau hoc da vo tnh do chia thnh cc loi kaolin c tnh do cao, do va, do thp, t do v khng do. xm tn cng l mt trong s cc tiu chun quan trng phn loi nguyn liu kaolin s dng trong cng nghip gm. nh gi cht lng ca kaolin cho mt ngnh cng nghip sn xut gm, nht thit phi da theo yu cu hoc iu kin k thut ca ngnh . V d: nguyn liu tt nht ch to gm chu axit l kaolin khng c cha cc bc calcit, thch cao, pyrit, vt liu xm tn th v khng cha nhiu ct, phi c kh nng dnh kt v do cao. Hm lng oxit st i vi sn phm quan trng khng c qu 1,5 %, cn i vi sn phm t quan trng th khng c qu 3%. Hm lng oxit calci khng qu 1% i vi sn phm quan trng v khng qu 2% i vi sn phm t quan trng. Sn xut vt liu chu la: Trong ngnh sn xut vt liu chu la, ngi ta dng kaolin sn xut gch chu la, gch na axit v cc chu la khc. Trong ngnh luyn kim en, gch chu la lm bng kaolin ch yu c dng lt l cao, l luyn gang, l gi nng. Cc

ngnh cng nghip khc cn gch chu la vi khi lng t hn, ch yu lt l t, ni hi trong luyn kim mu v cng nghip ho hc, nh my lc du, trong cng nghip thu tinh v s, nh my xi mng v l nung vi. C th ni, ngnh sn xut vt liu chu la alumosilicat l mt trong nhng ngnh s dng nhiu kaolin nht. c mt tn sn phm chu la phi cn ti 1,4 tn kaolin. nh gi tnh hu dng ca kaolin cn ch n chu la v s c mt ca cc oxit, v chng nh hng n cht lng ca kaolin. Khi hm lng Al2O3 tng th chu la cng tng; nu c oxit silic t do di dng ht ct s lm gim tnh do, tng hao kh, co ngt v gim kh nng dnh kt ca kaolin. V d: sn xut gch chu la c th s dng kaolin cha hm lng Al2O3: 36 39%; Fe2O3: khng qu 1,5 - 2%, chu la: 1580 - 17500C v sn xut gch na axit c th dng loi kaolin cha hm lng Al2O3 t nht 22%, Fe2O3 khng qu 1,5 2%, v MgO + CaO + R2O khng qu 2,5 3%, chu la: 1670 - 17300C. Da vo yu cu i vi sn phm chu la m chn loi kaolin c cht lng tng ng. Cht lng kaolin c xc nh bng nhng iu kin k thut ring i vi tng m. ph hp vi nhng iu kin , ngi ta phn kaolin chu la thnh cc loi sau: - Loi baz: hm lng Al2O3+ TiO2 trn 30% - Loi na axit: hm lng Al2O3+ TiO2 di 30% - Loi ln than: Lng mt khi nung trn 16 - 20% Lm cht n: Kaolin c s dng rng ri trong lnh vc lm cht n giy, nha, cao su, hng liu, vv

31

- Trong cng nghip sn xut giy, kaolin lm cho giy c mt nhn hn, tng thm kn, gim bt thu quang, v lm tng ngm mc in ti mc tt nht. Loi giy thng thng cha 20% kaolin, c loi giy cha ti 40% kaolin. Thng mt tn giy tiu tn ti 250 - 300 kg kaolin. - Trong cng nghip cao su, kaolin c tc dng lm tng rn, tnh n hi, cch in, bn ca cao su. Yu cu v kaolin lm cht n cao su phi c hm lng: Fe2O3 < 0,75%, SO4- < 0,4%; ht < 1670 l/cm2; m < 1%. - Trong sn xut da nhn to (gi da), kaolin c tc dng lm tng bn, n hi. lm cht n da nhn to, kaolin qua ry No15 phi c trng > 85%, hm lng Fe2O3 < 0,75%, SO4- < 0,4%; m < 5%. - Trong sn xut sn, kaolin lm tng st v gy m lp sn. N phi c t trng: 2,6 g/cm3; c ht: 2,4 - 5 m < 58%; dung du: 46,5 - 59 cm3/ 100g; khng ln cht kim v axit trng thi t do. - Trong sn xut x phng, kaolin c tc dng ng rn khi sn xut, hp th du m khi s dng. Lnh vc sn xut x phng yu cu kaolin c ht di ry 0,053 mm ln hn 90%; khng ln ct, khng lng cn trc 8 gi, hm lng Fe2O3 2 - 3%, TiO2 1%; cht baz trao i 0,8 - 2% v carbonat 15 - 20 %. - Trong sn xut thuc tr su, s dng kaolin c khuch tn ln, sc bm tt, tr ho hc, hp cht st thp, ht 22 m t 40 n 75%. Trong sn xut a mi, ngi ta nn hn hp ht mi (bt corinon, bt kim cng) vi hn hp kaolin, thch anh, felspat nung 13500C. Yu cu kaolin phi t Al2O3+ TiO2 > 38%; Fe2O3 < 1,8%; chu la > 17300C. Trong cc lnh vc s dng khc, kaolin c s dng lm nguyn liu sn xut xi 32

mng trng, cc cht trm trong xy dng. sn xut nhm kim loi bng phng php nhit in c th s dng kaolin vi thnh phn Al2O3 khng di 30%, SiO2 khng qu 47%, Fe2O3 khng qu 0,5%, TiO2 khng qu 0,3%, CaO + MgO khng qu 0,6%, K2O + Na2O khng qu 0,5%. sn xut phn nhm, yu cu kaolin cha qua nung phi cha Al2O3 ti thiu 36% v. v
2. Ngun gc thnh to cc m kaolin ng Bc B

Min ng Bc B l mt trong 2 vng c tim nng kaolin ln nht Vit Nam. tm thy kaolin H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Ninh, Ph Th, Vnh Phc, H Ni, Hi Dng v Qung Ninh, trong ch yu tp trung cc tnh Qung Ninh, Ph Th, Hi Dng v Tuyn Quang. Theo s liu thng k, ti ng Bc B c gn 60 m kaolin c iu tra a cht, tm kim v thm d, trong c nhiu m v ang khai thc [3-6]. Theo ti liu hin c, ng Bc B, kaolin ch yu thnh to theo 3 kiu ngun gc.
a. Ngun gc phong ho: Cc m kaolin ngun gc phong ho c thnh to trong v phong ho ca pegmatit, nh cc m Hu Khnh, i ao, Ngt, Ba B, i Ring, Lng ng - i Ching, Gip Lai, Thch Khon, Phng Vin, oan Hng, G Vai, Vn Mng, Xm Mi (Ph Th), Bc Quang (H Giang); v phong ho keratophyr nh m Minh Tn (Hi Dng); v phong ho gabro nh cc m Ni Hng (Thi Nguyn), c Sn (Qung Ninh), ng Gianh, Nghim Sn, n Hang, Tri Canh (Tuyn Quang); v phong ho phun tro axit nh cc m V Linh (H Ni), Phong D (Qung Ninh), nh Trung (Vnh Phc) v v phong ho st kt, ct kt, bt kt nh m Phao Sn (Hi Dng), Khe Mo, B Sn, Vn Khc (Thi Nguyn), Hong Lng (Vnh Phc).

Cc m kaolin trm tch l sn phm phong ho ho hc t cc giu felspat hoc alumosilicat, c vn chuyn v lng ng cc thung lng gia ni hoc ven bin nh cc m Minh Xng (Vnh Phc); Th Cu (Bc Ninh); Ni Bi (H Ni); Tng B (H Giang); ng Quan (Lng Sn); Lng Quan, Trung Ho, Tuyn Quang, Lng Vng (Tuyn Quang); Tn Hng, Lng Bu (Thi Nguyn), Trc Thn (Hi Dng), Tin Phong, Thng Lt (Bc Giang); Dn Tin, Kim Tinh, Thn Hen, Ci Vinh, Bc Bung, Yn Th, Vit Dn (Qung Ninh) . c. Ngun gc nhit dch: Cc m kaolin thuc ngun gc ny cho n nay ch pht hin thy Qung Ninh vi hng lot m nh Tn Mi, L Ph, Lc La, Li Phong, Na Lng, Bn Ngi, Pnh H, Ch Ph, Pc Sc Lng Kaolin thng i cng vi pyrophylit to thnh nhng thu knh kch thc khc nhau phn b trong phun tro ryolit, ryolit porphyr v tuf ca chng.
b. Ngun gc trm tch: II. C IM CHT LNG KAOLIN MIN NG BC B 1. Kaolin ngun gc phong ho

di ry 0,21 mm : 20 - 50%, trung bnh 30 - 35%. - i phong ho yu: Kaolin thng c mu trng, ht th, cu to dng dm, dng bt. Phn di ry 0,21 mm, khong vt ch yu l felspat, kaolinit t hyromica. Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 18 - 24%; Fe2O3 = 0,69%; K2O + Na2O = 4,5 - 7%. Trong khai thc thng gi i ny l felspat bt. Do mc phong ho yu, nn thu hi di ry 0,21 mm thng thp, trung bnh khong 20 - 25%; trng : 68 - 78%; do : 8 - 10%.
b. Kaolin phong ho t gabro: i vi cc

m kaolin thuc kiu ngun gc ny, ti mi thn qung u c s phn i r rt theo chiu thng ng: i phong ho mnh, i phong ho trung bnh, i phong ho yu (i bn phong ho). Kaolin phong ho t gabro c c im sau: - Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 13,6 24,98%; SiO2 = 44 - 75%; Fe2O3 = 0,3 7,9%. Kaolin c thnh phn Al2O3< 22%; Fe2O3> 2% thng chim 1/3 mt ct phong ho. - Thnh phn khong vt: bao gm kaolinit, haloysit, metahaloysit, felspat v thch anh, i ni c gibsit. Kh nng thu hi kaolin di ry 0,21 mm l 40 - 60%, trung bnh 30 - 35%. Kaolin c trng trung bnh < 70% v do khong 10%.
c. Kaolin phong ho t phun tro axit v keratophyr

Cht lng kaolin ph thuc vo mc phong ho v c s bin i theo chiu thng ng nh sau: - i phong ho mnh: Kaolin c mu vng n vng sm, ht mn, giu nhm, hm lng st tng cao. Kaolin di ry 0,21 mm c thnh phn khong vt ch yu l kaolinit (90 - 96%); ngoi ra, c haloysit, metahaloysit, t felspat v thch anh. Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 34 - 39,5%; Fe2O3 = 1 - 3,5%; K2O + Na2O = 0,2 - 2%. thu hi di ry 0,21 mm : 30 - 60%, trung bnh 40%.
a. Kaolin phong ho t pegmatit:

- i phong ho trung bnh: Kaolin thng c mu trng, lng oxit st gim hn. Di ry < 0,21 mm, khong vt kaolinit chim 50 - 58%, cn li l hyromica, felspat v thch anh. Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 29 - 34%; Fe2O3 = 0,5 2,5%; K2O + Na2O = 2 - 4,5%. thu hi

Kaolin phong ho t keratophyr nh m Minh Tn (Hi Dng), t phun tro axit nh cc m V Linh (H Ni), Phong D (Qung Ninh), nh Trung (Vnh Phc). Kaolin phong ho t phun tro thng c mu trng, trng hng, ht rt mn. thu hi qua ry 0,21 mm l 50 90%, trung bnh 70%.

33

Kaolin qua ry 0,21 mm c thnh phn ho hc : Al2O3 = 15 - 22%; SiO2 = 62 75%; Fe2O3 = 0,8 - 1,8%; MgO = 0,10 0,29%; TiO2 = 0,03 - 0,11%; K2O = 2,5 5,1%; Na2O: 0,06 - 1,6%; MKN = 6 - 8%. Thnh phn khong vt: kaolinit, thch anh vi tinh, metahaloysit. trng trung bnh 70% v do: 8 - 16%.
d. Kaolin phong ho t trm tch v trm tch bin cht: c trng cho kiu

- 1%; K2O = 0,16%; Na2O = 0,1 - 1,3%; MKN = 1,4 - 2,1%. Trong cc thn qung tn ti 4 loi qung t nhin: kaolin, pyrophylit, alunit, quarzit cao nhm. Hin ang khai thc s dng trong nc v xut khu. Trong thc t, vic khai thc, bc tch tng loi qung l rt kh khn. Hin nay, cc c s khai thc ch c th xc nh cc loi qung theo mu sc v kinh nghim. Trong khai thc, ngi ta phn ra 3 loi qung cung cp cho th trng: - Loi 1 v loi 2 c mu xanh nht, m xanh lm nguyn liu chu la. - Loi 3 c mu xanh nht, m trng lm nguyn liu cho sn xut xi mng trng.
III. NH GI TIM NNG TI NGUYN KAOLIN NG BC B 1. La chn phng php nh gi ti nguyn - tr lng kaolin a. Phng php nh gi tr lng cc m xc nhn: Trong cc vn liu a cht,

kaolin phong ho t trm tch (st kt, bt kt, ct kt) l cc m Phao Sn (Hi Dng), B Sn, Vn Khc (Thi Nguyn); phong ho t phin sericit nh m Hong Lng (Vnh Phc) v m Khe Mo (Thi Nguyn). Kaolin thng c mu trng, trng xm, thn qung dng , thu knh, mn cao. thu hi qua ry 0,21 mm l 20 - 80%, trung bnh 60%. Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 10 - 25%, trung bnh 15%; SiO2 = 42 83%, trung bnh 65%; Fe2O3 = 1 - 8%, trung bnh 2 - 3%. Thnh phn khong vt: kaolin, hyromica, thch anh, limonit.
2. Kaolin ngun gc trm tch

Kaolin trm tch thng c thnh phn ho hc, khong vt v thu hi t khng n nh n n nh. - Thnh phn ho hc: Al2O3 = 10 37%; SiO2 = 46 - 90%; Fe2O3 = 0,5 - 7%. - Thnh phn khong vt: bao gm kaolin, hyromica, thch anh, limonit. thu hi qua ry 0,21 mm l 20 - 30%. Theo ti liu thm d cc m kaolin Trc Thn (Hi Dng), Yn Th (Qung Ninh), Tuyn Quang v. v, kaolin c hm lng Al2O3 rt cao, t t 27 n 37%, do ln.
3. Kaolin - pyrophylit ngun gc nhit dch - bin cht trao i

Kaolin thuc loi ngun gc nhit dch bin cht trao i c mt Qung Ninh. Thnh phn gm: Al2O3 = 10 - 39%; SiO2 = 40 - 50%; Fe2O3 = 0,01 - 0,07%; MgO = 0,05 - 0,5%; CaO = 0,05 - 1,4%; TiO2 = 0,03 34

cc nh a cht trn th gii cp ti hn 20 phng php c th s dng tnh tr lng khong sn rn; trong s ,V.M. Borzunov chn ra 7 phng php chuyn s dng cho nh gi tr lng khong sn phi kim loi [1]. Tng hp thc tin cng tc thm d v khai thc kaolin trong nhiu nm qua, cc tc gi cho rng i vi cc m kaolin Vit Nam ni chung, min ng Bc B ni ring, c th s dng cc phng php khi a cht, khi a gic (vng gn k), phng php mt ct v trong mt s trng hp c th s dng phng php ng cao tuyn. Mi phng php du c u, nhc im v vic la chn mt hay mt s phng php nu trn tnh tr lng kaolin cc m xc nhn cn da vo c im cu trc a cht, hnh thi cc thn kaolin, h thng thm d tin hnh v h thng phng php khai thc d kin.

b. Phng php nh gi ti nguyn kaolin cha xc nhn: nh gi ti nguyn

kaolin ni ring, ti nguyn khong sn cha xc nhn ni chung, l nh gi tim nng khong sn (kaolin) trong tng khu vc hoc vng lnh th. y l cng vic ht sc quan trng; bi v chng cung cp mt kt qu d bo nh lng v kh nng c mt ngun lc tim nng v ti nguyn khong sn trong khu vc, l c s ti liu ht sc quan trng v cn thit trong thit lp k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi ca khu vc v cung cp cho nh qun l cng tc iu tra a cht nhng lun c cn thit xc lp k hoch iu tra c bn a cht v ti nguyn khong sn. Da vo mc nghin cu chi tit ca cng tc iu tra a cht, c th chia lm hai loi ti nguyn suy on (Hypothetical mineral resource, m ho 334a) v ti nguyn phng on (Speculative mineral resource, m ho 334b) [2]. V nguyn tc chung, nhng khong sn kaolin c ngun gc khc nhau c quy lut phn b khc nhau v quan h vi cc th a cht cng khc nhau; do vy, i vi mi loi hnh ngun gc cn s dng phng php d bo nh lng ph hp nh gi. i vi khong sn kaolin Vit Nam ni chung, min ng Bc B ni ring, c th s dng phng php tnh thng theo thng s qung ho hoc phng php tng t a cht. Ni dung cc phng php nu trn c cp chi tit trong cng trnh [6].
2. Kt qu nh gi tr lng v ti nguyn kaolin min ng Bc B a. V kt qu thng k tr lng: Ti nguyn tr lng kaolin xc nhn ng Bc B c cc n v a cht v khai thc m tnh ton. Cc bo co thm d, tm kim nh gi, tm kim chi tit c HGTLKS hoc Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam ph duyt v ph chun. Trong khun kh bi bo, cc tc gi ch tin

hnh thng k v bc u chuyn i cc kt qu tnh ton theo h thng phn cp ti nguyn tr lng c sang h thng phn cp ti nguyn tr lng mi [2]. Kt qu thng k cho thy tng tr lng kaolin nh gi min ng Bc B trn cc m xc nhn l 85 010 ngn tn cp 111+ 121+ 122 v 333 (tng ng cc cp A + B + C1+ C2 c) [4], trong : - Tr lng cp 111 l 1.182 ngn tn; cp 121 l 8.318 ngn tn v cp 122 l 34.215 ngn tn. - Ti nguyn d tnh cp 333 t 41.292 ngn tn.
b. Ti nguyn cha xc nhn: Tng ti nguyn d bo theo phng php cp c tin cy tng ng ti nguyn cp 334 a min ng Bc B c th c l 90.620 ngn tn. IV. MT S KT LUN V KIN NGH 1. nh gi kh nng s dng kaolin min ng Bc B cho cc lnh vc cng nghip

Kaolin min ng Bc B c cht lng tng i tt. Theo ti liu hin c th kaolin y c th s dng cho nhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau. - Kaolin phong ho t pegmatit sau khi tuyn la hon ton p ng c yu cu lm nguyn liu to xng v men cho s cch in, s dn dng v s v sinh. Kaolin loi 1 c hm lng Al2O3 cao, Fe2O3 thp s dng lm s in cao th, s cao cp v s xut khu. Kaolin phong ho t pegmatit vng Yn Bi, Ph Th u c th s dng lm cht n cho giy. Kaolin loi 4 v kaolin khng phn loi c kh nng p ng c yu cu sn xut gch chu la. lm mi c th s dng kaolin loi 1 v loi 2 nhng phi nung vi nhit cao hn t 20 - 400C so vi st Trc Thn. Ngoi cc lnh vc s dng nu trn, c th s dng kaolin phong ho t pegmatit lm cht n trong cng nghip cao su, sn, gi da, thuc tr su. Kaolin Yn Bi, Ph

35

Th c th dng cho sn xut gch p lt granit thay th hng nhp ngoi, m ra mt trin vng ng dng mi cho kaolin min ng Bc B. - Kaolin phong ho t gabro c cht lng thp ch c th s dng trong lnh vc sn xut s, gm thng thng. - Kaolin phong ho t phun tro axit c hm lng SiO2 cao, hm lng Al2O3 thp, nhit nung thch hp cho ngnh gm, s. Cn c vo thnh phn ho hc, khong vt, cc ch tiu c l, kaolin phong ho t phun tro axit p ng c cho ngnh sn xut s, gm dn dng, gch trng men, s m ngh, cht n cho thuc tr su, x phng, nguyn liu sn xut xi mng trng. - Kaolin phong ho t trm tch v bin cht c th p ng c cc yu cu k thut trong lnh vc gm, s m ngh, s dn dng, nguyn liu sn xut xi mng trng, cht n cho mt s ngnh cng nghip nh sn xut phn bn, thuc tr su. - Kaolin trm tch c th p ng yu cu s dng cho cng nghip gm s, lm cht n phn bn, v vin, phi liu cho snh, gch chu axit, vt liu chu la. - Kaolin - pyrophylit c cht lng tt, c bit l thnh phn Fe2O3 rt thp, p ng yu cu s dng cho cng nghip: chu la, gm, s, cht n cao su, sn, thuc tr su, giy. Ti nhng ni tip xc vi trm tch h tng N Khut, kaolin - pyrophylit nhum oxyt st c mu hng, vn hng, rt p, c th dng tc tng, iu khc, lm hng m ngh. Vi tim nng ln v cht lng tt, kaolin min ng Bc B v ang gi v tr quan trng trong ngnh khai khong ni chung v khai thc kaolin ni ring nc ta. Trong nhng nm gn y cng tc khai thc, s dng kaolin ngy cng c m rng v gp phn nht nh

trong tng trng kinh t v pht trin x hi ca t nc.


2. Mt s kin ngh

Ti nguyn khong sn l loi ti nguyn khng c kh nng ti to, cn c s dng tit kim, hp l v c hiu qu. t cc mc tiu trn, cc tc gi xut mt s kin ngh: 1. Cn lp quy hoch thm d, khai thc, ch bin v s dng kaolin hp l v hiu qu. 2. u t nghin cu cng ngh lm giu kaolin nhm thu c tinh qung cht lng cao phc v cho cc lnh vc cng nghip nh giy cao cp, s cao cp, sn 3. u t nghin cu ch bin sn phm mi t kaolin, nht l sn phm ang phi nhp t nc ngoi nh men trong v lp o trong sn xut gch p lt granit. 4. Phi nghin cu s dng tng hp cc sn phm ca qu trnh khai thc v ch bin kaolin. Kaolin s dng ng mc ch, khng s dng loi kaolin cht lng tt cho cc lnh vc cng nghip i hi kaolin c cht lng thp hn; 5. Cn c bin php qun l tt hn v cng tc khai thc, ch bin v s dng kaolin ng Bc B, chm dt vic khai thc t do gy tn tht ln v ti nguyn kaolin v lm mt trt t, an ninh x hi. Khc vi nhng ti nguyn thin nhin khc, ti nguyn khong sn ni chung, kaolin ni ring, l ti nguyn khng phi l v tn v ang cn kit dn do khai thc, s dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca nn kinh t quc dn. V vy, vic khai thc v s dng kaolin phi tit kim, hp l, nhm m bo nhu cu trc mt v lu di ca s nghip pht trin kinh t - x hi t nc, ng thi gp phn bo v ngun ti nguyn khong, cng nh mi trng sinh thi t nhin.

36

VN LIU

1. Borzunov B. M., 1979. Tm kim v thm d cc m khng kim loi. Nxb "Nedra", Moskva (ting Nga). 2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, 2006. Quy nh v phn cp tr lng v ti nguyn khong sn rn. TC a cht, A/294 : 66-82. H Ni. 3. Cc bo co thm d kaolin thuc ng Bc B trong khong 1994 - 2005. Lu tr a cht. H Ni. 4. Don Huy Cm, Nguyn Phng v nnk, 2002. Nghin cu c s khoa hc

xy dng Quy phm s dng phn cp tr lng, ti nguyn cc m kaolin Vit Nam. ti cp B. Lu tr B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. H Ni. 5. Don Huy Cm, Nguyn Phng, 2005. Cc loi hnh ngun gc thnh to v phn chia nhm m thm d cc m kaolin min ng Bc B Vit Nam. TC Khoa hc k thut M - a cht, 10 : 15-19. H Ni. 6. Nguyn Vit Lc, L Bnh v nnk, 1998. nh gi gi tr kinh t cc khong cht cng nghip Vit Nam v kin ngh phng hng s dng. Lu tr a cht, H Ni.

SUMMARY Kaolin potentiality in East Bc B and its using ability in industry

Don Huy Cm, Nguyn Phng, L Tr Kaolin is an important clay mineral and has many applications in different industries, especially in the production of ceramics and porcelain. Vit Nam is one of countries having high potentiality of this mineral. Kaolin is widely distributed in many areas, including the East Bc B which may be the second potential kaolin-bearing area, ranging only behind the East Nam B area. Recently, many kaolin mines have been prospected, explored and exploited serving the domestic industry and also for exporting to other countries. With a large reserve of good quality, the East Bc B has been becoming an important area that has positive influences on industry, particularly, and on economic development of Vit Nam, in general. Therefore, in order to make a strategy on exploring, exploiting, processing and proper using, it is necessary to effectively assess the overall potential of kaolin mineral in this region. Ngy nhn bi: 1-8-2006 Ngi bin tp: inh Thnh

37

You might also like