1. Cc im yu ca DES 1.

1 Tnh b Nu ta k hiu u l phn b ca u( v d nh: 1110010 l phn b ca 0001101) th DES c tnh cht sau: y=DES(x,k) -> y= DES(x,k) Cho nn nu ta bit m y c m ha t thng tin x vi kha k th ta s sy ra c: m y c m ha t bn r x vi kha k. iu ny l kh quan trng trong kiu tn cng theo kiu vt cn, do c th rt ngn thi gian bng cch loi b b ca m v kha bit l khng phi. 1.2.Kha yu

Tn cng DES Mc d c nhiu nghin cu v ph m DES hn bt k phng php m ha khi no nhng phng php p m thc t nht hin nay vn l tn cng bng bo lc. Do c nhiu c tnh mt m ha ca DES c xc nh nh: tnh b, kha yu, khng gian kha k khng phi l ln, nn xut hin cc phng php ph m khc c xc nh vi mc tnh ton phc tp nh hn tn cng bo lc. Cc phng php ny tn cng theo kiu la chn chui plantext nn i hi mt s lng plantext qu ln, nn hu nh khng c thc hin trong thc t. 1. Tn cng bo lc Mt thut ton n gin v c bn nht, n c th p dng ph mi phng php m ha no Cch lm l ta i th ln lt tt c cc kha, mi kha s cho ra mt chui, da vo chui thu c ta c th tm ra kha ng. 1.1. H thng ph m DES ca EFF EFF DES Cracker L mt my c th c thng tin c m ha bng DES bng cch tm cc kha s dng m ha d liu. H thng s c tm tt c cc kha n khi tm c kha ng nht. Thit k ny da trn thut ton n gin. H thng bao gm mt my tnh c nhn vi mng ln cc chip Deep Crack. My s ci t phn mm ch th chip bt u tm kim kha. Cng vic phn cng khng phi l tm cu tr li, m l loi b ht cc la chn khng chnh xc. Cc phn mm c th nhanh chng tm kim cc kh nng chnh xc t cc kh nng cn li. Sc mnh ca my l n lp i lp li hang ngn php tm kim trn mt giy, cho php phn mm tm kim cu tr li. Mt chip c th tm kim kha trong nhiu nm, mt triu chip trn l thuyt c th gii quyt cng vn ny trong khong mt phn triu thi gian. Thc t my EFF c thit k vi 1500 chip tm c kha trong thi gian 2 ngy, trong khi vo khong thi gian mt trng B T php Hoa K vn tuyn b rng DES l khng th b ph v.

2. Ph m vi sai Tn cng theo kiu la chn. Chng ta bt u bng cch chn ra mt chui plaintext bt k s thu c mt chui ciphertext, lu rng bt k chui no cng u rt cn thit. tng c bn l s dng mt cp vn bn c lin quan bi s khc bit khng i, s khc bit ny c th nh ngha theo nhiu cch. Tnh ton s khc bit ca ciphertexts tng ng, hy vng pht hin m hnh thng k trong phn b ca h. Thng k ph thuc vo bn cht ca S-box s dng m ha, do s phn tch s khc bit gia (X, Y), Y = S (X X) S (X) cho mi S-box. ph c m DES vi 16 chu trnh , ph m vi sai cn n 247 vn bn m ha. Vic s dng S-box v cc hm hon v lm cho DES mnh hn trong vic chng li dng tn cng ny. 3. Ph m tuyn tnh Mc ch gii m tuyn tnh bng cch gii mt phng trnh tuyn tnh th hin s c lp ca hai biu thc bao gm cc bin nh phn kt hp vi nhng ton t. Bt k phng trnh tuyn tnh no lin quan n plaintext th ciphertext v cc bits s xut hin vi xc sut . K t khi cc phng trnh x l gii m tuyn tnh khc nhau v xc sut xut hin thm khi nim xp x tuyn tnh c th ph m c i hi cn 2 43 vn bn m ha v c tm ra bi Mitsuru Matsui nm 1993. 4. Ph m Davies L k thut rnh ring cho DES