Do An Mon Hoc Xu Ly Nuoc Thai - Hoang Anh JSC

N MN HC: X L NC THI
Cng ty CPTM v CNC Hong Anh Ti liu ch mang tnh cht tham kho
1
MC LC Trang

Phn I.CHUN B S S LIU TNH TON
LA CHN DY CHUYN CNG NGH
I. Xc nh thng s tnh ton ... 2
1.Lu lng tnh ton . 2
2. Xc nh nng cht bn.. 4
3. Xc nh dn s tnh ton 5
II. Xc nh mc x l nc thi cn thit. 6
1. Mc x l cn thit ca nc thi 6
2. La chn dy chuyn cng ngh 10
- Phng n I. 14
- Phng n II 15
Phn II: TNH TON CC CNG TRNH TRONG S DY
CHUYN CNG NGH
1. Ngn tip nhn nc thi... 15
2. Song chn rc 16
3. B lng ct ngang 18
4. Sn phi ct 20
5. B lng ngang t I 21
6. B Biophin cao ti ( b sinh hc ). 25
7. B lng ngang t II.. 28
8. B Mtan... 30
9. Tnh ton trm kh trng.. 33
10. Tnh ton mng trn( mng trn vch ngn c l)... 36
11. Cng trnh b tip xc ly tm . 37
12. Thit b o lu lng 38
13. Sn phi bn 39
Phn III:THNG K B TR MT BNG
V CAO TRNH CNG NGH
1. Mt bng 40
2. Cao trnh mt nc . 41
A. Xy dng cao trnh cng ngh theo tuyn nc 42
B. Xy dng cao trnh cng ngh theo tuyn bn 44
Phn IV: TNH TON KINH T TRM X L
1. Gi thnh cng trnh xy dng... 45
2. Gi thnh qun l 46

Ti liu tham kho. 49

N MN HC: X L NC THI
2

Phn I
CHUN B S S LIU TNH TON
LA CHN DY CHUYN CNG NGH

I. Xc nh cc thng s tnh ton:
1. Lu lng tnh ton:
* Lu lng nc thi sinh hot:
- Lu lng noc thi sinh hot trung bnh:

Q
sh
=
1000
.
0
q N
( m
3
/ng )

Vi:
N: Dn s thnh ph, ngi;
q
0
: tiu chun nc thi thnh ph, 1/ng;

Q
sh
=
1000
150 . 120000
= 18000( m
3
/ng )

Q
sh
= 750 ( m
3
/ h)
Q
sh
= 208 ( l

/ s)
Tra bng ta c h s khng iu ho K:
K
ch
= 1,4

* Lu lng nc thi sn xut:
- Nh my I:
Q
I
sx
= 1200 ( m
3
/ng )
Q
I
sx
= 50 ( m
3
/ h)

- Nh my II:
Q
II
sx
= 1650 ( m
3
/ng )
Q
II
sx
= 68,8 ( m
3
/ h)

* Lu lng tnh nc thi thnh ph:
Do khng r ti liu v quy lut thi nc ca cc x nghip cng nghip nn
coi lu lng nc thi sn xut phn phi u theo cc gi trong ngy. V ta s c:

N MN HC: X L NC THI
3

Bng tng hp lu lng nc thi thnh ph
( Bng 1.1 )

gi % Q
sh
Q
sh
( m
3
/h) % Q
sx
Q
sx
( m
3
/h) Q
tng
( m
3
/h)
0 - 1 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
1 - 2 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
2 - 3 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
3 - 4 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
4 - 5 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
5 - 6 4.2 756 4.168 118.8 847.8
6 - 7 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
7 - 8 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
8 - 9 5.85 1053 4.168 118.8 1171.8
9 -10 5.85 1053 4.168 118.8 1171.8
10-11 5.85 1053 4.168 118.8 1171.8
11-12 5.05 909 4.168 118.8 1027.8
12- 13 4.2 756 4.168 118.8 874.8
13- 14 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
14- 15 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
15- 16 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
16- 17 5.8 1044 4.168 118.8 1162.8
17- 18 5.75 1035 4.168 118.8 1153.8
18- 19 5.2 936 4.168 118.8 1054.8
19- 20 4.72 849.6 4.168 118.8 968.4
20 -21 4.1 738 4.168 118.8 856.8
21- 22 2.85 513 4.168 118.8 631.8
22- 23 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
23- 24 1.65 297 4.168 118.8 415.8
Tng 100 18.000 100 2850 20850

- Lu lng tnh ton ngy m:
Q
tt
= 18.000 + 1200 + 1650 = 20.850( m
3
/ ng )

- Lu lng tnh ton gi thi nc ln nht:
Q
h
max
= 750.1,4 + 50 + 68,8 = 1162,8 ( m
3
/ h )
Ta c lu lng nc thi tnh bng giy ln nht:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
4
q
s
max
= 324,67 ( l/s ) q
s
max
= 0,325 ( m
3
/ h )
- Lu lng tnh ton gi thot nc nh nht:
Q
h
min
= 415,8 ( m
3
/ h )
Ta c lu lng thi nc tnh bng giy nh nht:
q
s
min
= 115,5 ( l/ s)
- Lu lng trung bnh:

Q
h
tb
= 20850/24 = 868,75 ( m
3
/ h )
Ta c lu lng nc thi trung bnh tnh bng giy:
q
s
tb
= 868,75/3,6 = 241 (l/ s)

2. Xc nh nng cht bn:
* Nc thi sinh hot :
- Hm lng cn trong nc thi sinh hot:

C
sh
= 1000 .
0
q
a
sh
c
(mg/ l)

vi:
- a
sh
c
: tiu chun thi cn i vi nc thi sinh hot ( 55- 60 )
( g/ng.ng)
- q
0
: tiu chun nc thi, 150 ( l/ng.ng);

C
sh
=
150
1000 . 55
= 366,67(mg/ l)

- Hm lng BOD c trong nc thi :

L
sh
=
0
1000 .
q
a
sh
BOD
(mg/ l)

vi :
- a
sh
BOD
: hm lng BOD
5
tnh theo u ngi nc thi sinh hot, theo tiu
chun ly bng 30( g/ng.ng);

L
sh
=
150
1000 . 30
= 200 (mg/ l)

* Nc thi sn xut:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
5
Bng s liu nc thi sn xut
( Bng 1.2)

S liu Tn nh my

I II
Lu lng, ( m
3
/ h) 1200 1650
Hm lng cht l lng, ( mg/l ) 290 120
BOD
5
, ( mg/l ) 105 127
COD, ( mg/l )
pH
Nhit
0
C

Tng hp s liu:
- Hm lng cn trong hn hp nc thi:

C
hh
=
+
+
sx
i
sh
sx
i
sx
i
sh sh
Q Q
Q C Q C . .

C
hh
=
2700 1200 18000
1650 . 120 1200 . 290 18000 . 67 , 366
+ +
+ +
= 342,74 ( mg/l )

- Hm lng BOD
5
c trong hn hp nc thi:

L
hh
=
+
+
sx
i
sx
sx
i
sx
i
sh sh
Q Q
Q L Q L . .

L
hh
=
1650 1200 18000
1650 . 127 1200 . 105 18000 . 200
+ +
+ +
= 188,76 ( mg/l )

3. Xc nh dn s tnh ton :
- Dn s tnh ton :
N
tt
= N
t
+ N
td

Vi:
N
tt
: Dn s tnh ton, ngi;
N
t
: dn s thc ca thnh ph, 120.000( ngi);
N
td
:dn s tng ng quy i t cc nh my:
+, Quy i theo hm cn l lng:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
6
N
C
td
=
sh
c
sx
i
sx
i
a
Q C
.

N
C
td
=
55
1650 . 120 1200 . 290 +
= 9927 ( ngi )

Suy ra :
N
C
tt
= 120.000 + 9927 = 129.927 ( ngi )
+, Quy i theo hm lng BOD
5
:

N
td
BOD
5
=
sh
BOD
sx
i
sx
i
a
Q L
5
.

N
td
BOD
5
=
30
1650 . 127 1200 . 105 +
= 11.185 ( ngi )

Suy ra :
N
tt
BOD
= 120.000 + 11.185 = 131.185 ( ngi )

II. Xc nh mc x l nc thi cn thit :
* La chn s dy chuyn cng ngh:
1. Mc x l cn thit ca nc thi :
- H s pha long ca nc ngun vi nc thi
Nc thi thnh ph sau khi x l s c a vo ngun l sng, loi A.
Cc s liu v ngun tip nhn
( Bng 1.3 )

c im S liu v sng
Loi ngun A
Lu lng nh nht im tnh ton ( m
3
/ s ) 48,1
Mc nc cao nht cng x ,(m ) 1
Mc nc thp nht cng x ,(m ) 2
Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy, (m/ s) 0,30
Chiu su trung bnh ca nc ngun, (m) 4
Theo lch sng, (m ) 3950 Khong cch trung bnh
t cng x n im
tnh ton
Theo ng thng, (m) 3500
Nhit trung bnh ca nc v ma h, (
0
C) 26,5
Hm lng cht l lng v ma h, ( mg/l ) 28
N MN HC: X L NC THI
7
BOD
5
, ( mg/l ) 2,9
Lng oxy ho tan, ( mg/l ) 6,7

Theo Frolop - Rodginler ta c s ln pha long:

n =
s
s
s
q
q Q a
max
max
. +

Vi:
Q
s
: Lu lng tnh ton ca ngun nc, 48,1 (m
3
/s );
q
s
max
: Lu lng nc thi ln nht, (m
3
/s );
: H s so trn, xc nh:

a =
.
.
1
1
max
3
1
3
1
s
x
s
x
q
e Q
e
o

. x
1
: khong cch t im cng x n im tnh ton theo chiu
dng chy, m;
. : H s tnh n nh hng thu lc:

= 3
max
.
q
E
o

: H s khc khuu ca sng:

= x
1
/x
2
= 3959/3500 = 1,13
: H s ph thuc v tr x nc thi, thit k hng x gn
b, = 1
E : H s khuych tn:

E =
200
.H u
=
200
4 . 3 , 0
= 0,006

= 1,13 1 3
325 , 0
006 , 0
= 0,298

N MN HC: X L NC THI
8
a =
3
3
3950 . 298 , 0
3950 . 298 , 0
.
325 , 0
1 , 48
1
1
+

e
e
= 0,42

Suy ra :
n =
325 , 0
325 , 0 1 , 48 . 42 , 0 +
= 63 ( ln)

* Mc x l nc thi cn thit :
- Theo hm lng cn l lng:
Hm lng cn l lng sau x l :

C
t
= (
n
s
s
C p
q
Q a
+ + ). 1
.
max

Vi :
. C
n
: Hm lng cn ca nc ngun trc khi x thi, C
n
= 28(mg/l );
. p : tng hm lng cn cho php, ngun loi A cho php p = 0,5 1 (
mg/l ), chn p = 0,75 ( mg/l );
C
t
= 8 , 2 75 , 0 ). 1
325 , 0
1 , 48 . 42 , 0
( + + = 75,37 (mg/l )

Theo TCVN 5945 - 2005 ly C
t
= 100 (mg/l )
Mc x l nc thi cn thit:
E
0
=
hh
t hh
C
C C
E
0
= % 100 .
74 , 342
100 74 , 342
= 70,82 %

- Theo hm lng BOD
BOD
5
sau khi x l:

L
t
=
Kt
cf t k
ng cf
t K s
s
L
L L
q
Q a
+
10
) 10 . .(
10 .
.
.
.
max

Vi :
t : thi gian xo trn sau khi x thi nc thi vo ngun :
t = x
1
/ = 3950/0,3 = 13.166,67 (s ) 3,65 h 0,15 ngy
K : Hng s tc oxy ho ca nc thi v nc ngun
K
T
= K
20

T- 20
K
20
= 0,1; = 1,0476, T = 21,5
0
C
K
21,5
= 0,107
N MN HC: X L NC THI
9
L
cf
: Hm lng BOD cho php, L
cf
= 4 (mg/l ) v ngun loi A
L
ng
: Hm lng BOD c trong nc ngun, L
ng
= 2,5 ( mg/l )

L
t
=
15 , 0 . 1 , 0
15 , 0 . 1 , 0
15 , 0 . 1 , 0
10
4
) 10 . 9 , 2 4 (
10 . 325 , 0
1 , 48 . 42 , 0
+ = 81,34 ( mg/l )

Cn c theo TCVN 5945 - 2005 gi tr ti hn ca BOD
5
khi x vo ngun loi A l
30 mg/l nn ta c hiu qu x l cn thit theo BOD l:

E
BOD
=
hh
t hh
L
L L
.100% E
BOD
=
76 , 188
30 76 , 188
.100% = 84,1 %

* Theo Oxy ho tan :
Khng k n oxy khuych tn b mt. Hm lng BOD
5
sau khi x l cho php x
vo ngun L
t
c tnh trong biu thc:

aQ
ng
O
ng
- ( aQL
ng
10
-2K
1ng

+ qL
nth
10
-2K
1nth
) = ( aQ
ng
+ q
s
max
)O
yc

L
nt
=
nth nt
k
yc
k ng k
ng yc ng
s
ng
O L O O
q
Q a
1 1 1
2 2 2
max
10 . 10 ). 10 . .(
.

Vi :
Q
ng
: Lu lng tnh ton ca nc ngun, 48,1( m
3
/s );

O
ng
: Lng Oxy ho tan vo nc ca ngun trc khi x nc thi vo 6,7 (
mg/l );
L
ng
, L
t
- BOD
5
ca nc ngun v nc thi sau khi c cho php x vo
ngun, L
ng
= 2,9 mg/l;
Lng Oxy ho tan nh nht cn t c l : 6mg/l
Suy ra ta tnh c :

L
nth
=
1 , 0 . 2 1 , 0 . 2 1 , 0 . 2
10 . 4 10 ). 10 . 9 , 2 6 7 , 6 .(
325 , 0
1 , 48 . 42 , 0

= -117,64 < 0

+ C k n lng Oxy khuych tn qua b mt:
Xc nh nng BOD
5
yu cu m bo hm lng oxy ho tan trong nc sng
m c k n qua trnh khuych tn oxy b mt.
Ta c nhit ca sng l 21,5
0
C, tra bng ta c O
s
bh
= mg/l8,58
thiu ht oxy ban u l : D
a
= O
s
bh
- O
s
= 8,58 - 6,7 = 1,88 mg/l
N MN HC: X L NC THI
10
thiu ht oxy sau khi thi l : D
t
= O
bh
- O
cf
s
= 8,58 -6 =2,58 mg/l
Thi gian ti hn ng vi lng oxy nh nht l :

t
th
=
1 2
1
2
1
2
.
) 1 (
1 lg(
k k
L k
k k D
k
k
a
a

Trong : L
a
: nhu cu oxy sinh ho ban u
k
2
= 0,21 do vn tc sng chy yu ( v < 0,5m/s )
k
1
= 0,126
t
th
= 2
126 , 0 21 , 0
126 , 0
) 126 , 0 21 , 0 ( 88 , 1
1
126 , 0
21 , 0
lg
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
a
L
L
a
= 20,95 (mg/l )
) / ( 1041 95 , 20
325 , 0
) 9 , 2 95 , 20 ( 1 , 48 42 , 0
) ( .
l mg L
q
L L Q q
L
a
ng a
t
= +

= +
=

- Theo tiu chun 5945 : quy nh nng gii hn cho ca BOD
5
khi x
thi nc vo ngun loi A l 30 mg/l nn phi ly lng BOD cn x l = 50mg/l do
hiu qu cn x l cn thit theo BOD :

% 2 , 86 % 100
53 , 217
30 53 , 217
% 100 =
=
hh
T hh
BOD
L
L L
E

Nh vy mc x l nc thi l :
. Hm lng cht thi l lng l 70,8%
. Theo BOD mc x l l 86,2%

2. La chn dy chuyn cng ngh:
* Cc mc x l cn thit ca nc thi:
Theo tnh ton cc yu cu x l phn trn ta c mc x l cn t n:
- Theo hm lng cht l lng: 70,8%
- Theo BOD mc x l : 86,2%
- Theo hm lng oxy ho tan c k n s khuych tn oxy khng kh cn x
l hon ton nc thi.
* La chn dy chuyn cng ngh
Phng n I:
- S dy chuyn cng ngh :

N MN HC: X L NC THI
11

Ngn tip nhn
Song chn rc
B lng ct ngang
B lm thong s b
B lng ngang t I
B Aerotank
B lng ngang t II
Mng trn
B tip xc
My nghin rc
Sn phi ct
B Metal
Trm nn kh
B nn bn
Sn phi bn
Ra sng
Bn rung
Trm Clo
N MN HC: X L NC THI
12

- Phn tch phng n I:
- Noc thi c dn t mng li v a qua ng c p vo ngn tip nhn:
. Ngn tip nhn c b tr trn cao m bo th nng cho noc c th t chy
qua cc cng trnh x l khc.
- Nc thi qua song chn rc:
. Ti y, cc rc ln s c song chn rc gi li
. B phn vt rc c gii s a rc thi t my nghin sau rc nghin c a
v b Mtan d x l.
- Nc thi tip tc i qua b ln ct ngang:
. Ta thit k b lng ct ngang c c s tin li trong thi cng v vn dng qun
l m vn t c hiu qu x l cn thit.
. Cc loi ht khong, ct, v kim loi ( mt phn nh ) s c gi li v a sang
sn phi ct lm kh.
- Nc thi c dn ti b ng t sinh hc:
. Cng trnh ng t sinh hc vi chc nng ca n s m bo s hot ng n nh
ca cc cng trnh sau.
- Tip nhn nc thi i qua b lng ngang t I:
. Bc u ca phn hu cc cht hu c.
. Bn cn lng c a sang b mtan .
- Nc thi tip tc i sang b Aroten thc hin qu trnh phn hy hu c:
. Cc cht hu c kh phn hu s c phn hu mt cch trit hn ti y qua
qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Nc thi qua b lng t II:
. Nhm tch cc ht cn to thnh b aeroten, lm sch hn cho nc thi.
- Bn lng b t II c a sang b nn bn ly tm gim m sau dn
sang b mtan v cui cng l sn phi bn.
- Sau nc thi c kh trng, qua b tip xc lm tng qu trnh kh trng ca
cht ho hc v s khuych tn trong nc.
- Nc thi s c a qua mng dn v ngun tip nhn.
- cc cht b sau khi phn hu b mtan th c a ra sn phi bn. ti y qu
trnh lm kh v a bn i s dng s c tip din.
* Phng n II:
- S dy truyn cng ngh
N MN HC: X L NC THI
13

Ngn tip nhn
Song chn rc
B lng ct ngang
B lm thong s b
B lng ngang t I
B Biophin cao ti
B lng ngang t II
Mng trn
B tip xc
My nghin rc
Sn phi ct
B Metal
Trm nn kh
Sn phi bn
Ra sng
Bn rung
Trm Clo
N MN HC: X L NC THI
14

- Phn tch phng n th 2:
- Nc thi c dn t mng li a qua ng c p vp ngn tip nhn
. Ngn tip nhn c b tr trn cao m bo th nng cho nc c th t
chy qua cc cng trnh x l khc.
- Nc thi qua song chn rc:
. Ti y cc rc ln s c song chn rc gi li
. B phn vt rc c gii s a rc thi t my nghin sau rc nghin c a
v b Mtan d x l.
- Nc thi tip tc i qua b ln ct ngang:
. Ta thit k b lng ct ngang c c s tin li trong thi cng v vn dng
qun l m vn t c hiu qu x l cn thit.
. Cc loi ht khong, ct, v kim loi ( mt phn nh ) s c gi li v a sang
sn phi ct lm kh.
- Nc thi c dn ti b ng t sinh hc:
. Cng trnh ng t sinh hc vi chc nng ca n s m bo s hot ng n
nh ca cc cng trnh sau.
- Tip nhn nc thi i qua b lng ngang t I:
. Bc u ca phn hu cc cht hu c.
. Bn cn lng c a sang b mtan .
- Nc thi tip tc i sang b Biophin thc hin qu trnh phn hy hu c:
. Cc cht hu c kh phn hu s c phn hu mt cch trit hn ti y qua
qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Nc thi qua b lng t II:
. Nhm tch cc ht cn to thnh b Biophin, lm sch hn cho nc thi.
- Sau nc thi c kh trng, qua b tip xc lm tng qu trnh kh trng ca
ho cht v s khuych tn trong nc.
- Nc thi s c a mng dn ra ngun tip nhn.
- Cc cht b sau khi phn hu b mtan th c a ra sn phi bn.Ti y qu
trnh lm kh v a bn i s dng s c tip din.
* La chn phng php ti u :
Da trn nhng u im ni bt nht ca phng n I:
- Tnh ph hp gia cc cng trnh vi cng sut trm, cc n nguyn se pht
huy c ht cng sut v u im.
- Cc n nguyn c th c khi tch ln nhng cng ph hp vi tnh hnh ca
a phng v din tch mt bng.
- Tnh cht ca cc cng tnh ph hp vi iu kin kh hu cng nh trnh
vn hnh qun l.
- Mc d khi lng xy dng cng trnh ln nhng phng n I s n nh sua
khi lm vic.
N MN HC: X L NC THI
15
- Phng n II xy dng thun tin nhng sua 1 thi gian lm vic vi cng sut
ln cng trnh lm vic khng n nh. Do b Biophin s dng vt liu lc ln lp
mng sinh vt bm trn vt liu lc, sau mt thi gian lm vic s gim hiu qu x l
T cc u im trn ta quyt nh chn phng n I.

Phn II
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH
TRONG S DY CHUYN CNG NGH

1. Ngn tip nhn:
Nc thi thnh ph thng c dn bng cc ng p lc ln ngn tip nhn.
Ngn tip nhn c lp y, b tr trn cao t nc thi c th t chy qua cc
cng trnh x l.
- Da vo Bng 16.3 - Gio trnh: X L NC THI- PGS.TS. Hong Vn Hu;
PGS.TS Trn c H, ta c th s b chn kch thc ca ngn tip nhn, ng vi
lu lng Q
h
max
= 1168(m
3
/h) nh sau:

Kch thc s b ngn tip nhn
( Bng 2.1)
Kch thc c bn ng
knh
ng
dn
A B H
1
h h
1
b l l
2
l
1
2 ng
2000 2300 2000 1600 750 750 600 10000 1200 250

Chn mng dn nc sang cng trnh tip theo l mng c tit din hnh ch nht,
ta c cc thng s c bn sau:

Thng s tnh ton thu lc mng dn

(Bng 2.2)
Lu lng tnh ton (l/s ) Thng s tnh ton
q
max
= 325 q
tb
= 241 q
min
= 115
chiu rng mng 800 800 800
N MN HC: X L NC THI
16
dc i 0,0005 0,0005 0,0005
y (h/H) 0,743 0,588 0,328
Chiu caolp nc (m) 0,743 0.588 0,328
Vn tc v (m/s) 0,61 0,569 0,4726

Ta tnh c chiu su lp nc ln nht vi lu lng ln nht ng vi l lng v
y ln nht 0,743:
h = 1000.0,743 = 743 (mm )
2. Song chn rc :
* S khe h song chn rc:
- Chn 2 song chn rc 1 cng tc v 1 d phng.
S khe h n ca 1 song chn :

b h
k q
n
s
. .
.
1
0
v
= ( khe )
Vi :
. q : lu lng tnh ton ln nht, ( m
3
/s );
. v
s
: tc nc chy qua song chn, v
s
= 1 m/s
. h
1
: su nc chn song chn rc, m;
. k
0
: h s tnh n s thu hp dng chy , k
0
= 1,05;
. b : chiu rng khe h song chn rc, chn b = 0,016(m);

29
2 . 016 , 0 . 743 , 0 . 1
05 , 1 . 325 , 0
= = n ( khe )
* Chiu rng bung t song chn rc:
Chiu rng bung t song chn rc B
s
:
B
s
= d.(n + 1 ) + b.n ( m )
Vi :
. d : dy thanh song chn rc, d = 0,012 ( m );
B
s
= 0,012.( 29-1 )+ 0,016.29 = 0,8 ( m )
- Kim tra vn tc qua song chn rc vi lu lng nh nht nhm trnh s lng
ng cn rong mng; v = o,4m/s

22 , 0
328 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 2
115 , 0
.
min
min
min
min
= = = u v
h B
q
s
s
( m/s )
* Chiu di bung t song chn rc:
Cng thc:
L = l
1
+ l
2
+ l
s
( m )
Vi :
N MN HC: X L NC THI
17
l
s
: Chiu di t bung song ly bng 3(m);
l
1
, l
2
: chiu di on mng m rng, thu hp trc v sau thanh chn rc:

) (
. 2
m
tg
B B
l
m s
u
=
: gc m, = 20
0
, ly bng 0,349 rad ;
=
1
l 0
20 2
8 , 0 8 , 0
=
tg
( m )
l
2
= 0,5l
1
= 0,5.0 = 0 ( m )
= L 0 + 0 + 3 = 3 ( m )

* Chiu su xy dng ca bung t song chn rc:
- Tn tht p lc qua song chn rc:
h
tt
= ) ( .
. 2
.
0
2
m k
g
v
; k = 2;
Vi :
: h s tn tht cc b ca song chn rc:
o u sin . .
3 / 4
|
.
|
\
|
=
b
s

. v : vn tc trc song chn rc, ly bng 1,0 (m/s );
. : Gc nghing t song chn rc, = 60
0
;
. u : H s ph thuc vo thanh chn rc; 2,42;

02 , 2 60 sin .
016 , 0
012 , 0
. 42 , 2
3 / 4
= |
.
|
\
|
=

) ( 31 , 0 3 .
81 , 9 . 2
1
. 02 , 2
2
m h
tt
= =
Ta ly s b tn tht xut hin khi my vt rc c gii hot ng l 0,1 ( m )
- Chiu su xy dng ca bung t song chn rc:

H = h + h
ccln
+ h
bv
= 0,31 + 0,743 + 0,5 = 1,55( m )
vi 0,5 l chiu cao bo v
* Lng rc gi li song chn rc:
Lung rc gi li song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:
) / ( 85 , 2
1000 . 365
129927 . 8
1000 . 365
.
3
ng m
N a
w = = =
N MN HC: X L NC THI
18
Vi :
. a : lng rc tnh trn u ngi trong mt nm, 8 (l/ng.n )
. N : S dan tnh ton tng ng theo hm lng cn l lng, 129927( ngi)
- Vi dung trng rc l 750 ( kg/m
3
) th tng lng rc trong ngy s l:
p = 750.2,85 = 2137 kg/ng p = 2,137 T/ng
- Lng rc trong tng giog ca ngy m:
p
1
= 18 , 0 2
24
137 , 2
24
= =
h
k
p
( tn/ngy)
- Rc c nghin nh bng my nghin sau a trc tip n b mtan.
- Lng rc cung cp cho my ngin l 40m
3
/tn rc.
Q = 40.p = 40.2,137 = 85,48 ( m
3
/ngy )
- Tng s song chn rc l 3 trong 2 cng tc, 1 d phng

60
100
1
2
3
4
1. Song chn rc
2. ng c dn ng
3. B phn vt rc
4. Dy chuyn
5. Bung t song chn rc

3. B lng ct ngang:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
19
B lng ct ni chung c nhim v tch cc ht khong, cc ht mt kim loi v ct...
c trng lng ln ra khi nc thi.S tnh ton cho 2 b lm vic v mt b d
phng :

* B lng ct ngang :
- Chiu di b lng ct ngang:
) ( 89 , 12
2 , 24
8 , 0 . 3 , 0 . 3 , 1 . 1000 . . . 1000
0
m
U
h v K
L = = =

Trong :
. K : h s ph htuc vo kiu b lng, ly K = 1,3
. h : chiu su tnh ton ca b lng ct, chn h = 0,8m
. v : Tc ca nc trong b lng, ly v = 0,3 m/s
. U
o
: Tc thu lc ca ht ct, theo TCXDVN 51:2006
ly U
o
=24,2(m/s )
- Chn b lng ct gm 2 nguyn n cng tc v mt nguyn n d phng, din tch
t ca mi n nguyn:

2
max
, 542 , 0
2 . 3 , 0
325 , 0
.
W m
n v
q
s
= = =
Trong :
q
s
max
: Lu lng ln nht giy ca nc thi
n : s ngn lm vic ng thi, n = 2
- Chiu rng ca mi n nguyn:
5 - mng thu nc
4 - mng phn phi
3 - h thu cn
2 - mng dn nc ra
1 - mng dn nc vo
4
3
5
2
1
1
2
N MN HC: X L NC THI
20
) ( 68 , 0
8 , 0
542 , 0 W
m
h
b = = =
- Th tch phn lng ct ca b lng ct xc nh theo cng thc:
) ( 2 , 5
1000
2 . 02 , 0 . 129927
1000
. .
W
3
c
m
T P N
tt
= = =
trong :
. N
tt
: dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng
. P : lng ct c gi li trong b th theo u ngi, theo TCXDVN
51:2006 ly P = 0,02l/ng
T : chu k thi ct, ly T = 2ng

- Chiu cao lp ct trong b lng ct :
) ( 297 , 0
2 . 68 , 0 . 89 , 12
2 , 5
L.b.n
W
c
m h
c
= = =
Trong :
n : s ngn lm vic ca b lng, n = 2
- Chiu cao xy dng ca b lng ngang:
H
XD
= h
tt
+ h
c
+ h
bv
= 0,8 + 0,3 + 0,5 = 1,59m ly H
XD
= 1,6 m
Trong :
h
bv
: chiu cao bo v, ly h
bv
= 0,5m
Kim tra li th ton vi iu kin: v
min
>= 0,15 (m/s) m bo tnh lng cn
) / ( 26 , 0
328 , 0 . 68 , 0 . 2
115 , 0
. . 2
v
min
min
min
s m
h b
q
s
= = =
Ct c a ra khi b bng thit b nng thu lc.

4. Sn phi ct :
Ct c lm ro sn phi ct. Sn phi ct c xy dng gn b lng ct, chung
quanh c p t cao. Nc sau khi tu t sn phi ct qua h thng ng dn v
trc b lng ct.

N MN HC: X L NC THI
21
I I
1 2
3
4
S TNH TON
Mt ct A- A

Ra sn phi ct

1. ng dn ct t b lng
2. Mng phn phi
3. ng dn D200 tiu nc
4. hai lp nha lt sn

Mt bng sn phi ct
Ra sn phi ct

- Din tch sn phi ct c tnh theo cng thc :
) ( 98 , 189
5 . 1000
365 . 129927 . 02 , 0
. 1000
365 . .
2
m
h
N P
F
c
tt
= = =
Vi :
. P : Lg ct tnh theo u ngi trong mt ngy m, P = 0,02( l/ng)
. h : chiu cao lp ct trong mt nm, h = 5 (m/nm)
. N
c
tt
: Dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng, N
c
tt
= 129927ngi
Ta chn din tch xy dng l 190 m
2
v sn phi ct gm 2 vi kch thc mi l
9,510m

5. B lng ngang t I:
- B lng ngang t I l b lng s b cc tp cht th khng tan trong nc thi
- Vic tnh ton b lng ngang t I c tin hnh tun theo quy nh trong iu 6.5-
42TCN-51-2006.

N MN HC: X L NC THI
22
S TNH TON B LNG NGANG T I

Cc thng s k thut b lng ngang t I:
- Chiu di b lng ngang:

0
.
.
U K
H v
L =
Vi :
. v : vn tc dng nc trong b lng ngang, theo quy phm v = 8mm/s
. H : chiu cao cng tc ca b lng , ly H = 3m
. K : h s ph thuc loi b lng , vi b lng ngang K = 0,5
. U
0
: th thu lc ca ht cn, c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
) / ( 41 , 1
32 , 1 . 843 . 96 , 0
3 . 5 , 0 . 1000
.
.
. . 1000
0
s mm w
h
H K
t
H K
U
n
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=
o

Vi :
. n : h s ph thuc tnh cht ca cht l lng, vi nc thi sinh hot
n = 0,25
4
1
3
3
1
2
H
c
t
5
H
t
h
H
b
v
2
hbv: chiu cao lp bo v
hth: chiu cao lp trung ha
hct: chiu cao cng tc
mng phn phi nc
h thu cn
mng dn nc ra
mng dn nc vo
mng thu nc
2
5
3
4
1
N MN HC: X L NC THI
23
. : H s tnh n nh hng ca nhit ca nc thi.Theo tiu chun tnh
ton v nc thi ta c : =0,96
. t: Thi gian lng ca nc thi trong hnh tr vi chiu su lp nc h t hiu
qu lng bng hiu qu lng tnh ton ly theo bng 612 TCN 51-2006. Vi C
hh
=
342,79(mg/l )
Ta c : t = 843s, hiu sut lng E = 55%
.
n
h
H K
|
.
|
\
| .
c tra theo bng 6.13 TCN 51-2006, H = 3m ta c
n
h
H K
|
.
|
\
| .
=1,32
. w : vn tc ca dng chy theo thnh phn ng, theo bng 6.11TCN 51-2006, w
= 0,03(mm/s)
Ta tnh c chiu di b:
) ( 04 , 34
41 , 1 . 5 , 0
3 . 8
m L = =
- Din tch t ca b lng:
) ( 625 , 40
008 , 0
325 , 0
2 max
m
v
Q
= = = O
- Tng chiu rng b:
m
H
B 54 , 13
3
625 , 40
= =
O
=
Chn s ngn b l n = 4. chiu rng mi ngn b l:
b = B/4 = 3,385 (m)
- Kim tra vn tc thc t :
s mm s m
b H
Q
v
th
/ 9 , 8 / 0089 , 0
385 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3
325 , 0
. . 6 , 3
max
= = = =
- Chiu cao xy dng b:
H
XD
= h
1
+ h
2
+ h
3
+ h
4
= 0,5+ 3 + 0,3+ 0,3 = 4,1(m)
trong :
. h
1
: chiucao bo v , h= 0,5m
. h
2
= H = 3 m
. h
3
: chiu cao lp nc trung ho chn h
3
= 0,3 m
. h
4
: chiu cao lp bn cn ( 0,2- 0,5 )m
Vy tng th tch ca b lng ngang t I l :
W = B.L. (H
xd
-h
1
) = 13,54.34,04.(4,1- 0,5)= 1659,24 (m
3
)
Thi gian lu nc trong b vi lu lng ln nht :
) ( 42 , 1
3600 . 352 , 0
24 , 1659
Q
W
max
h T = = =
- Dung tch ngn cha cn :

). 100 (
100 . . . .
W
0 .
c
p
T E C Q
ngd
=
N MN HC: X L NC THI
24

Trong :
. Q
ngd
: lu lng ngy m, Q
ngd
= 20850(m
3
/ngd)
. C
o
: Nng cht l lng trong nc thi trc khi lng, C
0
= 342,74(mg/l)
. E : hiu sut b lng ngang t I , E = 55%
. T : Thi gian gia hai ln x cn, T = 1 ngy
. p : m ca cn, p = 93%
. : trng lng trn mt n v th tch ca cn (1T/m
3
)

) . / ( 15 , 56
10 ). 93 100 (
1 . 55 . 74 , 342 . 20850
). 100 (
100 . . . .
W
3
6
0 .
c
d ng m
p
T E C Q
ngd
=

Hm lng cn sau khi qua b:
) / ( 23 , 154
100
) 55 100 .( 74 , 342
100
) 100 .( C
C
0 0
l mg
E
=
=
Ta thy C > 150mg/l do vy cn lm thong s b, to qu trnh keo t cn l lng
lm tng hiu sut qu trnh lng trong b ct: E
0
= 65 %
) / ( 96 , 119
100
) 65 100 .( 74 , 342
100
) 100 .( C
C
0 0
l mg
E
=
=
-

Vy hm lng cn sau lng I tho mn yu cu x l tip theo.
- Tnh ton b lm thong s b :
- Th tch b lm thong s b c xc nh:
) ( 5 , 6
60
1200 . 325 , 0
60
.
W
3 max
sb
m
t q
= = =
Vi t: thi gian thi kh, t = 20 pht = 1200s
q: lu lng giy ln nht
- Lng khng kh cn cung cp cho b lm thong c xc nh theo lu lng
ring ca khng kh :
V = D.q
max
= 0,5.0,325 = 0,163 (m
3
/s)
vi D : lu lng nc ca khng kh trn 1 m
3
nc thi, D = 0,5m
3
/m
3
.
- Din tch b lm thong s b mt bng:
) ( 4 , 5
03 , 0
163 , 0
2
m
I
V
F = = =
vi I = 0,03m
3
/gi: cng thi kh ln 1m
2
mt nc trong 1h
Kch thc thit k b lm thong s b: 3,4 x 1,6 m
- Chiu cao cng tc ca b lm thong s b :
H = W/F = 6,5/5,4 = 1,2 m
Chiu cao bo v ca b chn h
bv
= 0,3m

N MN HC: X L NC THI
25
Hm lng cht l lng sau khi lm thong s b v lng vi hiu sut 65% c tnh
bng cng thc :

) / ( 96 , 119
100
) 65 100 .( 74 , 342
100
) 100 .( C
C
0 0
l mg
E
=
=
-

Kt qu ny tho mn yu cu
- Sau b lm thong s b v b lng ngang BOD gim 15% do ta c BOD ca
nc tah trc khi vo b Biophin l:
BOD = 188,76.(100-15)% = 160,45mg/l

6.B Biophin ( b lc sinh hc cao ti )
Nc sua khi lm thong s b v lng b lng ngang t I, c dn ti b
Biophin. Tnh ton b Biophin da trn TCXDVN 51 -2008. BOD
5
ca noc thi
khng vt qu 250mg/l.
H s hot ng ca b K:

t
a
L
L
K =
Trong :
L
a
: BOD
5
ca nc thi a vo b
Nc sau khi x l lng ngang t I, BOD
5
gim 15%
BOD
5
trc Biophin l L
a
= 188,76.0,85 = 160,4(mg/l)
L
t
: BOD
5
ca nc thi lm sch L
t
= 30 (mg/l)
T ta c K = 160,4/30 = 5,34
Theo 7.118 v bng 7.23 TCXDVN 51 - 2008 ta c
Chn ti trng thu lc : Q = 30m
3
/m
2
.ng.. ng vi nhit trung bnh v ma
ng l 21,5
0
C. Ta c cc thng s :
Lu lng kh a vo b B = 8m
3
/m
2
nc thi.
- Chiu cao lp vt liu lc H = 2m
Do BOD
5
< 250mg/l nn chng ta khng phi tun hon nc thi.
* Din tch b Biophin:

0
q
Q
F =
trong :
Q : Lu lng thi trung bnh ca nc thi, m
3
/ngy
Q = 20850m
3
/ng.
q
0
: Ti trng thu lc

2
0
695
30
20850
m
q
Q
F = = =
N MN HC: X L NC THI
26
Chn s b n = 4
* Din tch mt bng 1 b:

2
75 , 173
4
695
4
m
F
f = = =

* ng knh b :
m D 88 , 14
14 , 3
75 , 173 . 4
= =
* Tnh ton h thng phn lc:
Lu lng tnh ton ca b :
s l
q
Q
b
/ 17 , 81
4
67 , 324
4
max
= = =
ng knh ca h thng ng ti :
D
t
= D
b
- 0,4 = 14,88 - 0,4 = 14,48(m)
Chn s ng ti ca mi b l 4 vi d
0
= 200mm
Vn tc chy trong c l :
s m s m
d
Q
V
b
/ 1 / 65 , 0
2 , 0 . 14 , 3
08117 , 0
. 14 , 3
2 2
0
< = = = nn t yu cu
S l trn mi ng ti :

93
14880
80
1 1
1
80
1 1
1
2
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
t
D
m l
Khong cch t mi l n trc ng l :

mm
m
i D
r
i
i
5 , 771
93
1
.
2
14880
.
2
= = =
vi i : s th t ca l k t trc cnh ti
S vng quay trong mt pht:

o
t
q
D d m
n .
. .
10 . 8 , 34
2
1
6
=
Trong :
. d
1
: ng knh l trn ng ti d = 12mm
. q
0
: lu lng ca mi ng ti , q
0
= 81,17/4 = 20,27 (l/s)

N MN HC: X L NC THI
27
54 , 3 27 , 20 .
14880 . 12 . 93
10 . 8 , 34
2
6
= = n (vng/pht)
p lc cn thit ca h thng ti :

mm q h 04 , 386
10 . 300
1836 . 294
200
10 . 81
112 . 12
10 . 256
. 27 , 20
10 . 300
1836 . 294
200
10 . 81
112 . 12
10 . 256
.
3 2 4
6
2 4
6
2
3 2 4
6
2 4
6
2
0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
h = 386,04mm = 0,38604m
Nh vy ph hp h | | e 1 2 , 0 t yu cu

B biophin cao ti
mt ct a-a
mt bng
Lp vt liu lc cao 300 cm
Lp b tng c l dy 8 cm
Lp b tng to dc
Lp b tng ct thp dy 20 cm
Lp b tng gch v dy 20 cm
ng dn nc vo b D300
Lp b tng c l
BxB=1000x1000
Lp vt liu lc
ng phn lc c l D200
N MN HC: X L NC THI
28

7.B lng ngang t II:
Tnh ton theo quy phm TCXDVN 51-2008
* Xc nh trng ti tnh ton b lng ngang t II sau Biophin:
q = U.U
o
.3,6 (m
3
/m
2
.h)
Trong :
U = 0,5 : H s s dng th tch i vi b lng ngang
U
0
= 1,8: ln thu lc bn cn sau Biophin
q = 0,5.1,8.3,6 = 3,24 (m
3
/m
2
.h)
* Din tch mt thong b lng:
) ( 74 , 360
24 , 3
8 , 1168
2 max
m
q
Q
F
h
= = =
Chn : Vn tc chy trong b : v = 5(mm/s) = 0,005(m/s )
Chiu cao xy dng b : H = 3,5m
* Din tch mt ct t ca b l :

) ( 93 , 64
3600 . 005 , 0
8 , 1168
3600 .
2 max
m
v
Q
f
h
= = =

1
1
4
3
3
H
c
t
2
5
H
t
h
H
b
v
2
hbv: Chiu cao lp bo v
hth: chiu cao lp trung ha
hct: chiu cao cng tc
h thu cn
mng dn nc ra
mng dn nc vo
mng phn phi nc
mng thu nc
2
5
3
4
1
N MN HC: X L NC THI
29
Chiu rng ca b :

) ( 55 , 18
5 , 3
93 , 64
m
H
f
B = = =

Chn s n nguyn xy lp : n = 4, Vy chiu rng ca mi n nguyn:

) ( 637 , 4
4
55 , 18
m
n
B
b = = =

* Chiu di b lng ngang t II:
) ( 45 , 19
55 , 18
74 , 360
m
B
F
L = = =
Thi gian lu nc li trong b :

) ( 08 , 1
3600 . 005 , 0
45 , 19
3600 .
h
v
L
t = = =
Khng m bo thi gian lng ca b lng ngang Biophin ( t = 1,5 - 2 h )
m bo thi gian lu nc li trong b lng ta cn chiu di b lng ngang t II
l :
L = v.t = 0,005.1,5.3600 = 27 ( m )
ng vi thi gian nc lu li trong b : t = 1,5 h
* Th tch vng cha bn cn nn :

( )
) (
4 . 1000 . 1000 . 100
100 . .
W
3
b
m
p
N a
tt
=
Trong :
. a = 28g/ng. : tiu chun bn hot tnh sau Biophin
. p = 93% : m bn hot tnh d.
. n = 4 : s n nguyn b lng.
. N
tt
= 131185 ngi : Dn s tnh ton theo BOD
20

( ) ( )
) ( 1185 , 13
4 . 1000 . 1000 . 93 100
100 . 131185 . 28
4 . 1000 . 1000 . 100
100 . .
W
3
b
m
p
N a
tt
=
=
Chiu cao lp bn trong b lng:
) ( 104 , 0
637 , 4 . 27
1185 , 13
.
W
h
b
m
b L
b
= = =
* Chiu cao xy dng b lng ngang t II:
H
XD
= h
bv
+ h
th
+ h
b
+ H = 0,5 + 0,4 + 0,104 + 3,5 = 4,5( m)
N MN HC: X L NC THI
30
10
11
1. ng dn cn ti
v bn hot tnh
2. ng x cn ln
men D250
3. ng tho cn b
4. ng dn hi nng
5. ng dn kh t
6. ng trn
7. b tng
8. gch
9. x
10. lp ph mm
11. my trn kiu
chn vt
Trong :
. h
bv
: Chiu cao bo v b lng
. H : chiu cao cng tc b
. h
th
: chiu cao lp nc trung ho
. h
b
: chiu cao lp cn lng
Kch thc xy dng b lng ngang t II c xc nh :
H.B.L = 4,5.18,55.27 (m)

8. Tnh ton b Metal:

9

6 1

7 2
4

3

Cc loi cn c dn ti x l ti b mtan bao gm :
- Cn ti t b lng t I
- Bn hot tnh t b nn bn ng tp trung sau lng t II
- Rc nghin.
a. Cn ti t b lng ngang t I :
Khi lng bn cn

( )
6
c
10 . 100
. . .
W
p
K E Q C
o hh
=
Trong :
. K : h s tnh n s tng lng cn do c ht l lng ln,
K = 1,1
N MN HC: X L NC THI
31
. C
hh
: hm lng cn l lng tron hn hp nc thi,
C
hh
= 342,74mg/l
. Q: lu lng nc thi ngy m , Q = 20850m
3
/ng.
. E
0
: Hiu sut lng b lng ngang t II sau lm thong s b
E
0
= 65 %
. p: m bn cn sau lng I

( ) ( )
) ( 99 , 72
10 . 93 100
1 , 1 . 65 . 20850 . 74 , 342
10 . 100
. . .
W
3
6 6
c
m
p
K E Q C
o hh
=
=

b. Bn hot tnh nn :
Khi lng bn cn sau lng t Ii tnh ton l:
W
b
= 13,1185 ( m
3
)
Vi hiu sut nn bn b nn bn ng l : E
nb
= 70%
m gim t 97%90% theo tiu chun thit k 20 TCN 51- 84
Dung tch khi bn cn sau nn cn:
W
bn
= W
b
. E
nb
= 13,1185 . 70% = 9,182 (m
3
)
c. Lung rc nghin :
Lng rc nghin nh, m tng: p
1
= 80% n p
2
= 95%:
) . / ( 76 , 8
95 100
80 100
. 19 , 2
100
100
. W W
3
2
1
r a
d ng m
p
p
=
=
Vi : W
r
= 2,19 m
3
/ng.d l lng rc vt ln t song chn , m 80%
suy ra : Th tch ca hn hp cn:
W
hh
= W
a
+ W
bn
+ W
c

= 8,76 + 9,182 + 72,99 = 90,9 (m
3
/ng.d)

* m trung bnh ca hn hp cn l :

|
|
.
|
\
| + +
=
hh
hh
W
1 . 100 p
k k k
R B C

Trong :
. C
k
: lng cht kh trong cn ti

) . (tan/ 65 , 3
100
95 100
. 99 , 72
100
100
. W C
c k
d ng
p
c
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
. B
k
: Lng cht kh trong bn hot tnh sau nn :
) . (tan/ 918 , 0
100
90 100
. 182 , 9
100
100
. W B
bn k
d ng
p
bn
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
. R
k
: lng cht kh trong rc nghin
) . (tan/ 1095 , 0
100
95 100
. 19 , 2
100
100
. W R
r k
d ng
p
r
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
N MN HC: X L NC THI
32
Nn ta c :
% 9 , 94
9 , 90
1095 , 0 918 , 0 65 , 3
1 . 100 P
hh
= |
.
|
\
| + +
=
Vi m l 94,9% , ta chn ch ln men m vi nhit l : 33 35
0
C.
* Dung tch b Metan c tnh :

) ( 909
10
100 . 9 , 90 100 . W
W
3 hh
M
m
d
= = =
Vi d : liulng cn thi ngy m(%) theo tiu chun 42- 20 TCN51- 84, vi
P
hh
= 94,9 % , ch ln men m chn d = 10%
Theo bng p3.8 " Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi HXD-2006" Ta
chn xy dng b Metan vi kch thc:
D = 15m, H = 7,5 m
h
1
= 2,35m, h
2
= 2,6 m
v th tch hu ch ca b l : 16000m
3

- Lng kh ga thu c trong qu trnh ln men cn c tnh :

100
n.D - a
y =
Vi :
. a: Kh nng ln nht ca cht khng tro ca cn ti:
(%)
44 ) 53.(C
a
0 0 0
0 0 0
B R C
B R
+ +
+ +
=
- Lng cht khng tro ca cn ti

( )
100 . 100
100 ). 100 .( C
C
k
0
c c
T A
=
Vi :
. A
c
: m ho nc ng vi cn ti , A
c
: 5 6 %
. T
c
: tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi cn ti, T
c
= 25%

( )
) . (tan/ 57 , 2
100 . 100
25 100 ). 6 100 .( 3,65
C
0
d ng =

=
- Lng cht tro ca rc nghin : R
0

( )
100 . 100
100 ). 100 .( R
R
k
0
R R
T A
=
Vi :
. A
R
: m ho nc ng vi rc nghin A
R
= 5 6%
. T
R
: tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi rc nghin, T
R
= 25%

( )
) . (tan/ 0772 , 0
100 . 100
25 100 ). 6 100 .( 0,1095
R
0
d ng =

=
N MN HC: X L NC THI
33
- Lng cht khng tro bn hot tnh d : B
0

( )
) . (tan/
100 . 100
100 ). 100 .( B
B
k
0
d ng
T A
b b

=
Vi :
. A
b
: m ho nc ng vi bn hot tnh d A
b
= 6%
. T
b
: tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi bn hot tnh d,
T
b
= 27%

( )
) . (tan/ 673 , 0
100 . 100
27 100 ). 6 100 .( 0,981
B
0
d ng =

=
(%) 176 , 51
673 , 0 0772 , 0 57 , 2
673 , 0 . 44 ) 0772 , 0 53.(2,57
a =
+ +
+ +
=
n : H s ph thuc vo m cn a vo b ly theo bng 43- 20 TCN 51- 84
Vi P
hh
= 94,9%, t = 33
0
C, ta c n = 0,89
Liu lng cn thi ngy m D = 10%, ta coa lng kh thu c:
) . / ( 423 . 0
100
10 . 89 , 0 176 , 51
100
.
y
3
d ng m
D n a
=
=
K = y.(C
0
+ R
0
+ B
0
).1000 = 0,423.(2,57+ 0,0772 + 0,673)
= 1404,45(m
3
/ng.d)
9.Trm kh trng nc thi:
Trm kh trng m nhn chc nng lm sch trit cc vi khun m cc cng
trnh x l c hc, sinh hc cha x l c trc khi x ra sng. kh trng nc
thi, ta dng phng php clorua ha bng hi clo
Vic tnh ton trm kh trng nc thi c hin theo: 6.20- TCN 51-84
Qu trnh phn ng gia clo v nc thi xy ra nh sau:
Cl
2
+ H
2
O = HCl + HOCl
- Axit Hypoclorid mt phn b oxy ha.HOCl v c bit io OCl
-
vi nng xc
nh s to iu kin oxy ha mnh c kh nng dit khun. HClO l axit khng bn,
d b phn hy thnh acid clohydrid v xy nguyn t
HClO Cl
-
+ OH
+

N MN HC: X L NC THI
34
- Lng Clo hot tnh cn thit kh trng c tnh theo cng thc:

1000
.Q a
y =
Trong :
. Q: Lu lng c trng ca nc thi, m
3
/h
. a : Liu lng clo hot tnh xc nh theo 6.20- 20TCN 51-84
a = 3g/m
3

- ng vi tng liu lng c trng ta xc nh c clo hot tnh:
) / ( 506 , 3
1000
8 , 1168 . 3
1000
.
max
max
h kg
Q a
y
h
= = =

) / ( 606 , 2
1000
75 , 868 . 3
1000
.
h kg
Q a
y
h
tb
tb
= = =
) / ( 247 , 1
1000
8 , 415 . 3
1000
.
min
min
h kg
Q a
y
h
= = =
nh lng clo, xo trn clo hi vi nc cng tc, iu ch v vn chuyn n ni
s dng ta dng Clorato chn khng.Ta chn clorato lm vic v mt clorato d
phng c c tnh k thut da theo tiu chun sau:
- Cng sut theo hi clo : 1,28 8,1kg/h
- Loi lu lng k : P
c
= 5
- p lc nc trc Ejector : 3- 3,5 kg,cm
3

- Trng lng : 37,5 kg
phc v cho 2 clorato, chn 3 ban cng trung gian bng thp tip nhn clo nc
chuyn thnh clo hi v dn ti clorator lm vic. Trong trm kh trng ta dng cc
thng cha clo c dung tch 512 lit
- ng kinhd thng cha d = 0,64m
- Chiu di thng cha L = 1,8 m
- Lng clo ly ra t 1m
2
b mt trong thng cha 3kg
N MN HC: X L NC THI
35
- B mt cha clo bn trong thng l: 3,6m
2
. Nh vy lng clo ly ra t mt thng
cha l : q
c
= 3,6.3 = 10,8 (kg/h)
- S thng clo cn thit trong 1 gi l : 25 , 0
08 , 10
606 , 2
= = =
c
tb
q
y
N
- S thng clo cn thit trong 1 thng l :
4
500
30 . 24 . 606 , 2
500
30 . 24 .
= = =
tb
t
y
N thng
- Lu lng clo ln nht c tnh theo cng thc:
) / ( 34 , 2
1000 . 1000 . 15 , 0
100 . 8 , 1168 . 3
1000 . 1000 .
100 . ..
3 max
max
h m
b
Q a
Q
h
= = =
Vi b: nng clo trong nc ly theo ho tan clo trong nc ca ejecto, ph
thuc vo nhit , b = 0,15%
- Lng nc tng cng cn cho nhu cu ca trm clorato c xc nh:
) / ( 56 , 4
1000
) 300 1 . 1000 .( 506 , 3
1000
1000 .(
3 ) 2 1 max
h m
V V y
Q =
+
=
+
=
Trong : V
1
= 1l/g_ ha tan clo trong nc nhit 26,5
0
C
V
2
= 300 l/g_ lu lng cn thit bc hi clo s b
Nc clo c dn ra mng trn bng ng cao su mm nhiu lp, ng knh ng : d
= 70 mm, vn tc dn v = 1,5 m/s

N MN HC: X L NC THI
36
10.mng trn vch ngn c c l:

xo trn nc thi vi clot a dng mng trn vi thi gian xo trn c thc
hin trong vng 1 n 2 pht.
S mng trn vch ngn c l: mng trn vch ngn c l thng gm 2 n 3
vch ngn vi cc l c ng knh l : d = 90 mm
- S l trong 1 vch ngn c tnh :
) (
. .
. 4
2
max
lo
V d
q
n
t
=
Vi : q
max
_ lu lng ln nht giy, q = 0,325m
3
/s
d = 0,09 m_ ng knh l
V = 1 m/s_ vn tc nc chuyn ng qua l
) ( 51
1 . 09 , 0 . 14 , 3
325 , 0 . 4
2
lo n = =
- Chn 6 hng l theo chiu ng v 10 hng theo chiu ngang ly bng
2d= 2.0,09 = 0,18m,
- chiu ngang mng trn l :
B = 2d.9 = 0,18.9 = 1,62m
- Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th nht :
1
1
3
2
2
1 - Mng dn nc vo
2 - Mng thu nc
ra
3 - Vch ngn c l
N MN HC: X L NC THI
37
H
1
= 2d.7 = 0,18.7 = 1,26m
- Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th 2 l
H
2
= H
1
+ h
Vi h: tn tht p lc qua vch ngn th nht:
m
g
V
h 082 , 0
81 , 9 . 2 . 62 , 0
1
2 .
2
= = =
vi _ h s lu lng
Nn H
2
= 1,26 + 0,082 = 1,342 m
- Khong cch gia cc tm cc l theo chiu ng ca vch ngn l :
1,342: 7 = 0,192 m
- Khong cch gia cc vch ngn :l = 1,5B = 1,5.1,62 = 2,43m
- Chiu di tng cng vi vch trn 2 ngn l : L = 3.l = 3.2,43 = 7,29m
- Thi gian lu li nc trong b:
s
q
L B H
q
W
t 50
325 , 0
92 , 7 . 62 , 1 . 26 , 1 . .
max
1
max
= = = =
11.B tip xc li tm:
B tip xc li tm c thit k khng bao gm thit k vt bn. Nc thi sau ha
trn vi clo hi c dn ti b tip xc to qu trnh tip xc, kh trng, sau theo
mng dn da ra sng vi khong thi gian tnh ton l 30 pht;
- Thi gian tip xc trong b:
) ( 8 , 24
60 . 8 , 0
250
30
60 .
30 phut
v
l
t = = =
Vi : l = 250m _ chiu di mng dn t b tip xc ti ging x
V: vn tc dng chy trong mng dn
- Th tch hu ch b tip xc c xc nh:
W = Q
h
max
. t = 1168,8.24,8:60 = 483,104(m
3
)
- Chn xy dng 2 b, th tch mt b l :
w = 483,104/2 = 241,552 (m
3
)
N MN HC: X L NC THI
38
- Din tch mt bng b tip xc trn mt bng:
) ( 52 , 80
3
552 , 241
2
1
m
H
w
F = = = vi H
1
_ chiu cao cng tc b, H = 3
- ng knh tip xc ca b:
m
F
D 13 , 10
14 , 3
52 , 80 . 4 4
= = =
t

m cn b tip xc : 96%, cn c dn ti sn phi bn
12. Thit b o lu lng:
m bo cc cng trnh x l hot ng n nh v hiu qu, ta cn qun l lu
lng nc chy vo tng cng trnh v bin ng theo tng gi.
xc nh lu lng, ta dng mng parsan. Kch thc mng c nh hnh theo
tiu chun v ty thuc vo lng nc vi gi tr tnh ton ca trm l :
. q
max
= 325(l/s)
. q
tb
= 241 ( l/s)
. q
min
= 115 (l/s)
Theo 9.4 X l nc thi HXD 1978, ta chn mang Pacsan:
+ Kh ng vn chuyn ln nht: 500l/s
+ Kh nng vn chuyn nh nht: 5l/s
+ kch thc : b = 30cm L
1
= 135cm L
2
= 60cm
L
3
= 90cm A = 84 cm B = 60cm C = 84 cm

N MN HC: X L NC THI
39
6
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
13. Sn phi bn :

Cn sau khi ln men b Metal v cn t b tip xc c dn n sn phi bn
lm kh cn n mc cn thit.
- Th tch cn t b tip xc c tnh;
) . / ( 94 , 3
1000
131185 . 03 , 0
1000
.
3
0
d ng m
N a
W
tt
= = =
Vi : a _ tiu chun lng cn trong b tip xc, a = 0,03(l/nguoi.ng.d)
N
tt
_ dn s tnh ton theo hm lng cn l lng
- Th tch tng cng ca lng cn dn ti sn phi bn c tnh:
W
ch
= W
hh
+ W
0
= 90,9 + 3,94 = 94,84 (m
3
)
W
hh
: th tch cn t b metan
Nn din tch sn phi bn c tnh:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
40
) ( 6410
7 , 2 . 2
365 . 84 , 94
.
365 .
2
0
m
n q
W
F
ch
s
= = =
Trong : q
0
= 2m
3
/m
2
_ ti trng ln nn sn phi.Tra bng 5.5 gio trnh x l nc
thi HXD 1978, Vi nn nhn to c h thng rt khi lm kh cn v bn hot tnh
ln men
n = 2,7 _ h s k n iu kin kh hu
- Chn xy dng sn phi bn chia lm 12 . Din tch mt l :
f
s
= 6410/12 = 534,17 m
2

Kch thc thit k : 22m.24m
Tng din tch s dng bao gm din tch t s dng, vn hnh

Phn III
THNG K CC S LIU V B TR MT BNG V
CAO TRNH CNG NGH
1. Mt bng
Tng mt bng trm x l l t hp cc cng trnh n v v cc cng trnh phc v
khc c b tr bt buc theo mt s nguyn tc v k thut v v sinh. Da vo
cng sut trm theo quy phm TCN 81-84, ta c:
* Phng th nghim gm c :
- Th nghim ha l.
- Th nghim vi sinh vt
- Dng c th nghim
Vi tng kch thc ly bng : 10.15(m)
* Nh ha cht :
- Kho cha clo: 6.8(m)
- Nh clo : 6.8 (m)
N MN HC: X L NC THI
41
* Nh trm bin th v t my pht d phng m bo s lm vic tc ca trm,
kch thc : 5.8 (m)
* Nh hnh chnh bao gm :
- phng k thut
- phng trc ban
- Phng trm trng
- Phng sinh hot cng nhn
Vi tng kch thc: 10.16(m)
* Gara xe hi v xe ca cng nhn vn hnh trm, ta dng nh bn kin c c kch
thc : 6.20 (m)
* Phng bo v : 5.5 (m)
* Kho cha : 10. 10 (m)
V tr ca cng trnh c b tr nh trn bn v
2. Theo cao trnh mt nc
* S liu v cao mt t vd nc ngun :
- Ct mt t t nhin trn mt x l : 0m.
- Ct mc nc cao nht ti ca x : -1m
- Ct mc nc thp nht ti ca x : -2m
* Chiu cao lm vic ca cc cng trnh n v theo tnh ton :
- Mng dn chnh ra cc cng trnh v ra b sng ly bng kch thc mng
chnh vo b lng ct c kch thc : B.H = 800.750 (m). Vi lu lng ln nht th
c y h = 0,74); v = 0,61m/s v dc mng dn i = 0,0005
- B tip xc li tm H
xd
= 3m
- B trn ngn c l : H
XD
= 1,342 (m)
- B lng ngang t II : H
XD
= 4,5 (m)
- B Biophin cao ti: H
XD
= 3,5 (m)
- B lng ngang t I : H
XD
= 4,1(m)
N MN HC: X L NC THI
42
- Mng o lu lng pacsan : H
XD
= 1 (m)
- B lng ct ngang: 1,6 m
- Ngn tip nhn: 2m
- Cc ging phn phi: 2m
* Tn tht s b qua cc cng trnh theo gio trnh x l nc thi:
- Qua b tip xc li tm: H
tt1
=0,4m
- Qua iuke dn nc t ging phn phi vo b tip xc: h
tt2
= 0,4m
- Qua b trn : h
tt3
= 0,2 m
- Qua mng dn t b lng ngang t II n b trn :h
tt4
= 0,5 m
- Qua iuke dn nc t ging phn phi vo b lng ngang t II:
( H
XD
= 0,6m, chuyn ng bn nc)
- Ly h = 0,6m l tn tht p lc ca iu ke dn nc t ging phn phi n ng
trung tm ca cc b lng t I v II:
- Qua b lng ngang t II: h
tt5
= 0,2 m
- Qua mng dn t Biophin n b lng ngang t II: h
tt6
= 0,2m
- Qua Biophin : h
tt7
= 3,5 +1,5 = 5m
- Qua mng dn t b lng ngang t I vo trm bm : H
tt8
= 0,2 m
- Qua b lng ngang t I: h
tt9
= 0,2 m
- Qua iu ke dn nc t ging phn phi n b lng ngang t I:h
tt10
= 0,6m
- Qua mng o lu lng Pac- san: h
tt11
= 0,1 m
- Qua b lng ct ngang : h
tt12
= 0,2 m
- Qua mng dn t song chn rc ti b lng ct ngang: h
tt13
= 0,1 m
- Qua song chn rc :h
tt14
= 0,2 m
- Qua mng dn t ngn tip nhn n song chn rc: h
tt15
= 0,1m
- Qua ngn tip nhn: h
tt16
= 0,3 m
A. Xy dng cao trnh cng ngh theo tuyn nc
N MN HC: X L NC THI
43
- xy dng nc t chy t mng dn ra b sng th cao trnh mc nc
mng dn ra b sng ti ging thm ngay by gi phi cao hn mc nc cao nht
ca sng ly bng 1,5 m. Cao trnh mc nc cao nht ca sng l -1m . Vy cao trnh
mc nc ging thm l 0,5m .
- nc c th xo trn pha long tt mc nc ti ca x cn thp hn mc nc
sng l 0,5 m. Mc nc thp nht sng l -2 m do y ca ming x s l -2,5m
- T mng dn ti ming x c cao chnh lch ln ta xy dng ging chuyn bc
cng l ging thm ngay b sng
- Mng dn di 250 m dc i = 0,0025 nn mc nc ti st b tip xc ca
mng l :0,5+ 250.0,0025 = 1,125 m
- Cao trnh mc nc ca b tip xc : 1,125 + 0,4 = 1,525 m
- Cao trnh mc nc mng phn phi vo b tip xc li tm
1,525+0,4 = 1,925 m
- Cao trnh mc nc b trn: :
1,925+0,2 = 2,125 m
- Cao trnh mc nc mng dn t b lng ngang t II ti b trn :
2,125 + 0,2 = 2,325m
- Cao trnh mc nc b lng II:
2,325+0,3= 2,625 m
- Cao trnh mc nc mng phn phi vo b lng ngang t II:
2,625+0,2 = 2,825 m
- Cao trnh mc nc b Biophin cao ti:
2,825 + 5 = 7,825 m
- Cao trnh mc nc ti my bm t mng dn ln b biophin: 0.0m
- Cao trnh mc nc ca mng dn vo trm bm:
0,0 +0,2 = 0,2m

- Cao trnh mc nc b lng ngang t I:
N MN HC: X L NC THI
44
0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4 m
- Cao trnh mc nc ging phn phi ti b lng ngang t I :
0,4 +0,6 = 1m
- Cao trnh mc nc mng o lu lng Pascan
1 + 0,1 = 1,1 m
- Cao trnh mc nc b lng ct ngang:
1,1 +0,2 = 1,3
- Cao trnh mc nc mng dn t song chn rc n b lng ct ngang:
1,3 +0,1 = 1,4 m
- Cao trnh mc nc song chn rc:
1,4+0,1 = 1,5 m
- Cao trnh mc nc ca mng dn t ngn tip nhn n song chn rc:
1,5+0,1 = 1,6 m
- Cao trnh mc nc ngn tip nhn :
1,6+0,3 = 1,9m
Cui cng ta c cc cao trnh mc nc ca tt c cc cng trnh t cng thm
chiu cao bo v hay tr i chiu cao xy dng c ct y cng trnh. V thc t
cho thy c cng trnh nh Biophin cao ti, b lng t I, II u c th xy dng mt
t t nhin hoc na chm na ni nh vy tit kim c khi lng o p t.
B. Xy dng cao trnh cng ngh theo tuyn bn
Theo tuyn bn do c b mtan l cng trnh x l bn cn ch yu trc khi bn
cn c lm kh trn sn phi. Ta s dng bm bn bm bn cn t b cha tm
thi tip nhn bn cn t b lng I,II, my nghin rc v b tip xc a ln b mtan.
* Cc thng s tnh ton cao trnh tuyn bn :
- Sn phi bn t trn nn t t nhin, cao trnh 0.0m vi b t bao chn 1,5 m
- Trn b t ca sn phi bn t mng dn v phn phi bn c kch thc 40. 40
(cm ) v dc i = 0,001
N MN HC: X L NC THI
45
- ng x cn t b ti t b mtan D200, dc i = 0,001 v p lc thy tnh l 2
m

Phn IV
TNH TON KINH T TRM X L
1. Gi thnh cng trnh xy dng :
C s tnh ton kinh t da vo cc ti liu hin hnh sau nh mc d ton cp thot
nc( ban hnh theo quyt nh s 441/BXD ngy 29/06/1996 ca B xy dng )
Theo tnh ton s b gi thnh xy dng cc cng trnh tnh theo khi lng xy lp
trong trm x l l :
- Vi cng trnh n gin ( cng tnh c hc) n gi : 1.500.000(ng/m
3
)
- Vi cng tnh phc tp ( cng trnh sinh hc) n gi : 2.000.000( ng/m
3
)
- Vi cng trnh sn phi ct, sn phi bn th n gi : 70.000(ng/m
3
)
N MN HC: X L NC THI
46
K.lng Thnh tin Thit b Gi thnh STT Cng trnh
m
3
1000 1000 1000
1 Ngn tip nhn 9,2 13800 13800
2 Song chn rc 1,84 2760 553 3312
3 B lng ct ngang 23,11 34665 6733 41562
4 B lng ngang t I 2205 4156000 326300 456213
5 B Biophin 4945,5 7175000 1435000 545142
6 B lng ngang t II 646,27 4923000 854000 123123
7 Mng trn 36,45 53215 212154
8 B tip xc li tm 336,58 854085 1231500 781212
9 B mtan 132,95 2745150 8151232 454614
10 Sn phi ct 302,7(m
2
) 141000 54562
11 Sn phi bn 19914,36 882000 445623
12 Trm bm 925,5 1355250 271212 121312
13 Trm kh trng 82 132000 25000 44121
14 Trm kh nn 60 800000 170000 54465
15
Tng 2034025 30040728 25456254

2.Gi thnh qun l:
a. Chi ph in nng:
- Chi ph cho trm bm nc thi :
a
n n
T H Q
E
dc b
.
3600 . . . 102
365 . . . . 1000
0
1
=
Trong :
. Q: Lu lng trm bm 1177,5 m
3
/h
N MN HC: X L NC THI
47
H
0
: p lc bm 11,5 m
T: thif gian hot ng 24 h
a: gi in A = 2000/KWh
n
b
: hiu sut n
b
= 0,8
n
dc
: hiu sut ng c n
dc
= 0,65
E
1
= 1,09 . 10
9
(ng)
+, in thp sng: ly chi ph in thps sng bng 2% in sn xut:
E
2
= 0,02E
1
= 1,09.10
9
.0,02 = 0,218.10
9
ng = 2,8 triu ng
b, Chi ph ho cht:
+ Lng clo cn kh tng 1 nm:
V
TB
= 2,76.24.365 = 22425,6kg/nm
Gi tin 1kg clo l 4500 :
Tng s tin chi ph cho ho cht:
K
hc
= 22425,6.4500 =100,91( triu ng)
c. Chi ph vn hnh v lng cng nhn:
Cng nhn vn hnh qun l trm bm nc thi : 5 ngi
Cng nhn vn hnh trm x l 20 ngui
Lng cng nhn: 1.500.000(ng/thng)
L = 25.1500000. 12 = 450 triu ng
d Chi ph khu hao:
* chi ph khu hao c bn ca cng trnh:
chi ph khu hao c bn ly bng 10% gi thnh xy dng:
K
kh
= 10%G
XD
= 10%25452654= 2545,63 triu ng
* chi ph sa cha ly bng 3% gi thnh xy dng:
K
sc
= 3%G
XD
= 763,7 ( triu ng)
Tng chi ph qun l hng nm:
G
q1
= E
1
+E
2
+ K
ch
+ L + K
kh
+ K
sc
= 6000( triu ng)
Gi thnh x l 1m
3
nc thi:
) / ( 1000
365 19900
10 6000
3
6
m dong
Q
G
g
ql
=
= =
N MN HC: X L NC THI
48
Vn u t xy dng tnh cho 1 m
3
nc thi:
6
10 5 , 1 = =
Q
GXD
V (ng.m
3
)

N MN HC: X L NC THI
49
TI LIU THAM KHO :
1. PGS.TS.Trn c H. X l nc thi th.Nh xut bn khoa hc k
thut.H ni- 2006
2. X l nc thi_ PGS.PTS Hong Hu, H Kin trc H Ni
3. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi.TS Trnh Xun Lai
4. TS Trn Hiu Nhu, cc bng tnh ton thy lc cng v mng thot nc

Do An Mon Hoc Xu Ly Nuoc Thai - Hoang Anh JSC

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N MN HC: X L NC THI

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