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56
x + 3y + 2z = 0,04 mol
(2)
Nhn hai v ca (2) vi 3 ri tr (1) ta c:
x + y = 0,02 mol.
Mt khc:
2FeO + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
x
x/2
2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
y
y/2
x + y 0,2
=
= 0,01 mol
tng: n SO2 =
2
2
VSO2 = 224 ml. (p n B)
Vy:
V d 2: Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H 2 i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam
hn hp 3 oxit: CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng
thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp kh v hi nng hn khi lng ca
hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m.
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam.
B. 0,448 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam.
D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit trn l
CO + O CO2
H2 + O H2O.
Khi lng hn hp kh to thnh nng hn hn hp kh ban u chnh l khi lng
ca nguyn t Oxi trong cc oxit tham gia phn ng. Do vy:
mO = 0,32 gam.
0,32
= 0,02 mol
16
n CO + n H 2 = 0,02 mol .
nO =
16,8 = m + 0,32
m = 16,48 gam.
Vhh (CO + H 2 ) = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt. (p n D)
mO = 1,6 gam.
Khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l: 24 1,6 = 22,4 gam. (p n A)
V d 4: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung
nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32
gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,92 gam. B. 0,32 gam. C. 0,64 gam.
D. 0,46 gam.
Hng dn gii
to
CnH2n+1CH2OH + CuO
CnH2n+1CHO + Cu + H2O
Khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim chnh l s gam nguyn t O trong CuO phn
ng. Do nhn c:
0,32
= 0,02 mol
mO = 0,32 gam n O =
16
C n H 2n +1CHO : 0,02 mol
Hn hp hi gm:
: 0,02 mol.
H 2O
Vy hn hp hi c tng s mol l 0,04 mol.
C M = 31
A. 0,5 lt.
B. 0,7 lt.
C. 0,12 lt.
D. 1 lt.
Hng dn gii
mO = moxit mkl = 5,96 4,04 = 1,92 gam.
1,92
nO =
= 0,12 mol .
16
Ha tan ht hn hp ba oxit bng dung dch HCl to thnh H2O nh sau:
2H+ + O2 H2O
0,24 0,12 mol
0,24
VHCl =
= 0,12 lt. (p n C)
2
V d 6: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacbonxylic n chc cn va V lt O 2 (
ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96 lt.
B. 11,2 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
Axit cacbonxylic n chc c 2 nguyn t Oxi nn c th t l RO2. Vy:
n O ( RO2 ) + n O (CO2 ) = nO (CO2 ) + nO ( H2O)
CO 2 = 75% .
n CO 1
75
n CO ( p. ) = n CO 2 =
0,2 = 0,15 mol nCO d = 0,05 mol.
Mt khc:
100
Thc cht phn ng kh oxit st l do
CO + O (trong oxit st) CO2
n Fe
x 0,1 2
= =
=
Fe2O3. (p n B)
n CO2 y 0,15 3
V d 8: Cho hn hp A gm Al, Zn, Mg. em oxi ho hon ton 28,6 gam A bng oxi d
thu c 44,6 gam hn hp oxit B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HCl thu c
dung dch D. C cn dung dch D c hn hp mui khan l
A. 99,6 gam.
B. 49,8 gam.
C. 74,7 gam.
D. 100,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
Gi M l kim loi i din cho ba kim loi trn vi ho tr l n.
n
M + O2 M2On
(1)
2
M2On + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2O
(2)
n
=
4.n
Theo phng trnh (1) (2) HCl
O2 .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng m O2 = 44,6 28,6 = 16 gam
a = 0,028 mol.
(1)
1
1
Theo u bi: n Fe3O4 = n FeO + n Fe2O3
d = ( b + c)
(2)
3
3
Tng mB l: (56.a + 160.b + 72.c + 232.d) = 4,78 gam.
(3)
S mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp A bng s mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp B. Ta
c:
nFe (A) = 0,01 + 0,03 2 = 0,07 mol
nFe (B) = a + 2b + c + 3d
a + 2b + c + 3d = 0,07
(4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4)
b = 0,006 mol
c = 0,012 mol
d = 0,006 mol. (p n A)
V d 10: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng H2 d nhit cao thu c
17,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Khi lng H2O to thnh l
A. 1,8 gam.
B. 5,4 gam.
C. 7,2 gam. D. 3,6 gam.
Hng dn gii
mO (trong oxit) = moxit mkloi = 24 17,6 = 6,4 gam.
mO ( H2O) = 6,4 gam ; n H O = 6,4 = 0,4 mol.
2
16
m H2O = 0,4 18 = 7,2 gam. (p n C)
3n = 0,3 n = 0,1
m Fe3O4 = 23,2 gam (p n A)
02. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn
hp rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c, nng thu
c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, lng mui khan thu c l
A. 20 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
03. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi
lng st thu c l
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 6,72 gam. C. 16,0 gam.
D. 11,2 gam.
04. t chy hn hp hirocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. Th
tch O2 tham gia phn ng chy (ktc) l
A. 5,6 lt.
B. 2,8 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.
05. Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c
2,24 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d,
lc ly kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht
rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 13,6 gam. B. 17,6 gam. C. 21,6 gam.
D. 29,6 gam.
06. Hn hp X gm Mg v Al2O3. Cho 3 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng
V lt kh (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d, lc v nung
kt ta c 4,12 gam bt oxit. V c gi tr l:
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 1,344 lt.
C. 1,568 lt.
D. 2,016 lt.
07. Hn hp A gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii
phng 0,1 gam kh. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi kh clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn hp
mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong A l
A. 8,4%.
B. 16,8%.
C. 19,2%.
D. 22,4%.
08. (Cu 2 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi
khng kh (trong khng kh Oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 (ktc)
v 9,9 gam H2O. Th tch khng kh (ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton
lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt.
B. 78,4 lt.
C. 84,0 lt.
D. 56,0 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl thu c dung
dch A v kh H2. C cn dung dch A thu c 5,71 gam mui khan. Hy tnh th tch kh
H2 thu c ktc.
A. 0,56 lt.
B. 0,112 lt.
C. 0,224 lt
D. 0,448 lt
10. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y gm C2H6, C3H4 v C4H8 th thu c 12,98 gam
CO2 v 5,76 gam H2O. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 1,48 gam. B. 8,14 gam. C. 4,18 gam.
D. 16,04 gam.
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. C