2

MC LC
Trang ph ba ......................................................................................................1
Mc lc ...............................................................................................................2
Li m u .........................................................................................................4
Chng 1. KHI QUT V KHAI PH D LIU ......................................6
1.1.Ti sao phi khai ph d liu ....................................................................6
1.2. Qu trnh khai ph d liu .......................................................................7
1.3. Cc phng php khai ph d liu ..........................................................9
1.4. Cc loi d liu c th khai ph ...........................................................10
1.5. Cc ng dng ca khai ph d liu........................................................10
1.6. Mt s thch thc t ra cho vic khai ph d liu ................................14
1.7. Tng kt chng 1 ................................................................................15
Chng 2. KHI QUT V LA CHN THUC TNH TRONG KHAI
PH D LIU ................................................................................................16
2.1. Rt gn thuc tnh .................................................................................16
2.2. Khi qut v la chn thuc tnh ...........................................................18
2.2.1. Bi ton la ch thuc tnh .........................................................18
2.2.2. c im chung ca cc thut ton la chn thuc tnh ..............20
2.2.3. ng dng ca cc k thut la chn thuc tnh ..........................23
2.3. Kt lun chng 2 .................................................................................26
Chng 3. MT S THUT TON LA CHN THUC TNH IN
HNH ...............................................................................................................28
3.1. Cc thut ton theo cch tip cn filter ..................................................28
3.1.1 Thut ton RELIEF .....................................................................28
3.1.2. Thut ton FOCUS .....................................................................31
3.1.3. Thut ton LVF ..........................................................................33
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3.1.4. Thut ton EBR ..........................................................................35

3.1.5. Thut ton SCRAP .....................................................................38
3.1.6. La chn nhm ...........................................................................40
3.2. Cc thut ton theo cch tip cn wrapper .............................................42
3.3.1 Thut ton LVW ..........................................................................42
3.3.2 Thut ton NEURALNET ..........................................................43
3.3. Mt s thut ton khc ..........................................................................44
3.3.1. Thut ton Genetic .....................................................................44
3.3.2. La chn thuc tnh thng qua ri rc ha d liu ......................46
3.4. Kt lun chng 3 .................................................................................53
KT LUN .....................................................................................................54
Ti liu tham kho ..........................................................................................56

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LI M U
Nh bit, trong nhng nm gn y cng ngh thng tin pht trin v
cng nhanh chng v c ng dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc i sng x
hi, nht l trong qun l, mt lnh vc m yu t khoa hc cng ngh c tnh
quyt nh. S vic dn n s bng n thng tin, lm cho nhng nh qun l
ri vo tnh trng ngp lt thng tin". Chnh v vy, cc chuyn gia cho rng,
hin nay chng ta ang sng trong mt x hi rt giu v thng tin nhng
ngho v tri thc. Tnh hnh i hi phi pht trin cc phng php khai
ph, pht hin ra nhng thng tin, tri thc c ch b che giu trong cc ni d
liu phc v cho cng vic ca cc nh qun l, cc chuyn gia, t thc y
kh nng sn xut, kinh doanh, cnh tranh ca cc t chc, doanh nghip.
Khai ph d liu (Data Mining) l mt lnh vc khoa hc lin ngnh mi
xut hin gn y nhm p ng nhu cu ny. Cc kt qu nghin cu cng vi
nhng ng dng thnh cng trong khai ph d liu, khm ph tri thc cho thy
khai ph d liu l mt lnh vc khoa hc tim nng, mang li nhiu li ch,
ng thi c u th hn hn so vi cc cng c phn tch d liu truyn thng.
Hin nay, cc CSDL cn khai ph thng c kch thc rt ln, chng hn
cc CSDL tin-sinh-hc (Bioinformatics), CSDL a phng tin, CSDL giao tc,
. Cc CSDL ny thng cha ti hng ngn thuc tnh, gy rt nhiu kh
khn cho vic khai ph, thm ch cn lm cho nhim v khai ph tr nn bt kh
thi. Vn t ra l phi tm cch rt gn s thuc tnh m khng lm nhng
thng tin cn thit phc v nhim v khai ph.
Mc ch ca rt gn thuc tnh l lm gim s chiu ca khng gian thuc
tnh, loi b d liu d tha, khng lin quan. Rt gn thuc tnh ng vai tr
quan trng trong bc tin x l d liu cng nh trong qu trnh khai ph. Kt
qu rt gn thuc tnh nh hng trc tip n hiu qu thc hin cc nhim v

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khai ph: Gia tng tc , ci thin cht lng, tnh d hiu ca cc kt qu thu
c.
T nm 1970 n nay, rt gn thuc tnh (hay cn gi l rt gn s chiu
Dimension reduction) tr thnh ti c quan tm bi nhiu nh nghin
cu thuc cc lnh vc nhn dng thng k, hc my, khai ph d liu.
Chnh nhng l do trn, chng ti chn ti La chn thuc tnh trong
khai ph d liu lm ti nghin cu ca mnh.
Ni dung ca lun vn c trnh by trong 3 chng v phn kt lun.
Chng 1: Trnh by khi qut v Khai ph d liu, bao gm: Khai ph d
liu l g, quy trnh khai ph, cc k thut v mt s ng dng quan trng ca
khai ph d liu.
Chng 2: Trnh by khi qut v ni dung, cc cch tip cn, quy trnh
gii quyt vn la chn thuc tnh v mt s ng dng quan trng ca la
chn thuc tnh.
Chng 3: Trnh by kt qu nghin cu mt s thut ton la chn thuc
tnh in hnh.
Thi nguyn, thng 11 nm 2008.
Hc vin

Trnh Vn H

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