Giao An Hoa Huu Co 11

Gio n ha hc lp 11 c bn Ha hu c
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CHNG 4 : I CNG V HA HC HU C
TIT 28:
Kin thc
Bi 20:
M U V HA HC HU C Ngy son: 13/11/2011
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : Khi nim ho hc hu c v hp cht hu c, c im chung ca cc hp cht hu c. Phn loi hp cht hu c theo thnh phn nguyn t (hirocacbon v dn xut).
K nng
Phn bit c hirocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon theo thnh phn phn t. B. Trng tm: c im chung ca cc hp cht hu c. C. Hng dn thc hin a cc v d (c tnh so snh gia hp cht v c v hp cht hu c) gip HS thy c im chung ca cc hp cht hu c: + Lun cha nguyn t C (cn c cc nguyn t khc) + Lin kt ha hc thng l lin kt cng ha tr + Thng c nhit nng chy, nhit si thp, d bay hi v thng t tan trong nc (d tan trong cc dung mi hu c) + a s b oxi ha bi O2 (chy); cc phn ng thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton (cn xc tc, un nng) v theo nhiu hng khc nhau. Dn ra mt s hp cht hu c gip HS phn loi hp cht hu c theo thnh phn nguyn t, theo loi lin kt, theo nhm chc... D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca GV v HS H1: 5 GV yu cu HS k tn 5 hp cht thuc loi hp cht v c v 5 hp cht thuc loi hp cht hu c. GV ghi CT ca cc hp cht trn v yu cu HS tm ra nhng c im chung v thnh phn nguyn t to nn hp cht hu c. HS rt ra khi nim v Hp cht hu c -GV b sung: ha hc hu c l nghnh ha hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht hu c. H2: 5 GV ghi 1 s CT ca cc HC v dn xut ca HC v yu cu HS sp xp cc cht trn thnh 2 loi v gi tn mi loi hp cht. Ni dung I. Khi nim v hp cht hu c v ha hc hu c: - Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua ) - Thnh phn nguyn t: nht thit phi c C, hay gp H, O, N, sau n halogen, S - Ha hc hu c l nghnh ha hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht hu c. II. Phn loi hp cht hu c: C 2 loi chnh: 1/ Hirocacbon: ch cha C v H Gm: HC no, ko no, thm. 2/ Dn xut ca HC: ngoi C, H cn c O, N Gm: dn xut hal, ancol, phenol, anehit, axit, este
GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
- GV cho HS xem bng phn loi cht hu c. - GV gii thiu cch phn loi khc theo mch cacbon. H3: 5 -GV yu cu HS nhn xt v lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c. HS phi nu c c im cu to c bn ca Hp cht hu c l ch cha lin kt CHT - GV yu cu HS nghin cu sgk v tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc.
H4: 30 - GV gii thiu mc ch, nguyn tc v yu cu HS c SGK nm vng cch tin hnh ca php phn tch nh tnh. - GV yu cu HS tm hiu mc ch v nguyn tc phn tch nh lng -GV din ging cch phn tch nh lng: C CO2 KOH cn bnh H SO H H2O cn bnh
2 4
III. c im chung ca hp cht hu c: 1/ c im cu to: lin kt ha hc trong phn t hp cht hu c ch yu l lk CHT. 2/ Tnh cht vt l: sgk 3/ Tnh cht ha hc: - km bn vi nhit v d chy. - p thng xy ra chm v theo nhiu hng. IV. S lc v phn tch nguyn t: 1/ Phn tch nh tnh: a. Mc ch: sgk b. Nguyn tc: sgk c. P2 tin hnh: sgk 2/ Phn tch nh lng: a. Mc ch: sgk b. Nguyn tc: sgk c. P2 tin hnh: - Cn chnh xc ag cht hu c cha C, H, O, N ri nung vi CuO, hn hp H2O v CO2 sinh ra c dn ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c(hoc CaCl2 khan, P2O5) hp th H2O v bnh 2 ng baz(NaOH, Ca(OH)2) hp th CO2, tng khi lng bnh 1 v bnh 2 chnh l khi lng ca H2O v CO2. Kh N2 c o th tch ktc. d. Biu thc tnh: mC = mH =
m CO .12
2
44 m H O .2
2
hoc mC = nCO2 . 12 ;
%C =
mC .100 a
18
hoc mH = nH2O. 2 ; %H =
mN .100 a
mH .100 a
mN = nN2.28 ; %N =
H N NH3 chun ....

+
mC =
m CO .12,0
2
44,0 m H O .2,0 mH = 18,0 VN .28,0 mN = 22,4

2 2
mO = a (mC + mH + mN) ; %O = 100- (%C + %H + %N) V d: t chy hon ton 3g cht hu c A thu c 4,4g CO2 v 1,8g H2O. Tnh khi lng v % khi lng ca mi nguyn t trong A?
Tnh c
m C .100% a m H .100% %H = a
%C =
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
m .100% %N= N a
%O =100% - %C - %H -%N 1. Cng c - Lm bi tp 3 sch gio khoa. 2. Dn d - Lm bi tp v nh. - Chun b ni dung bi Cng thc phn t hp cht hu c
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 29:
CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C Ngy son: 16/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng
Kin thc
Bi 21:
Bit c : Cc loi cng thc ca hp cht hu c : Cng thc chung, cng thc n gin nht, cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to. S lc v phn tch nguyn t : Phn tch nh tnh, phn tch nh lng.
K nng
Tnh c phn t khi ca cht hu c da vo t khi hi. Xc nh c cng thc phn t khi bit cc s liu thc nghim. B. Trng tm: Phn tch nguyn t: phn tch nh tnh v phn tch nh lng Cch thit lp cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t. C. Hng dn thc hin Phng php phn tch nguyn t : + Hng dn HS cch xc nh cc nguyn t: cacbon (CO2, Na2CO3); hiro (H2O, HCl, NH3); nit (N2, NH3); halogen (X2, HX)... + Hng dn HS cch xc nh lng cc nguyn t da vo nh lut thnh phn khng i: CO2, Na2CO3 C ; H2O, HCl H ; N2, NH3 N v.v... Hng dn HS cch thit lp cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t: + Lp cng thc t % khi lng nguyn t + Lp cng thc t khi lng sn phm phn ng chy s mol (CxHyOzNt) = 12 x = yH = 16 z = 14t x : y : z : t = C = H = O = N 12 1 16 14 + Tnh khi lng mol phn t t t khi v khi lng ring Luyn tp: + Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca C, H, O, N cn c vo cc s liu phn tch nh lng; Tnh c phn t khi ca cht hu c da vo t khi hi; + Xc nh c cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t. D. Chun b: GV: 1 s bi tp xc nh CTPT hp cht hu c. HS: n li P2 phn tch nh tnh, nh lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c. E. Tin trnh bi ging: Kim tra bi c: 5 Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung H1: 3 I. Cng thc n gin nht: GV cho HS nghin cu sgk nm c 1/ nh ngha: CTGN l cng thc biu th t N v CTGN. l ti gin v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong phn t. H2: 7 2/ Cch thit lp CT n gin nht: Da trn ngha ca CTGN cho bit t l Bc 1: Tm mc, mH, mO, mN hoc phn trm ti gin v s nguyn t gia cc nguyn t, khi lng cc ng.t.
mC
mO
mN
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
GV hng dn HS rt ra biu thc v t l Bc 2: t CT cho hp cht hu c CxHyOzNt s nguyn t cc nguyn t trong hp cht Bc 3: Lp t l: x : y : z : t = mC mH mO m N hu c.
12 : 1 : 16 : 14 %C %H %O %N : : : 12 1 16 14
Hoc x : y : z : t =
a v t l nguyn n gin nht s c CTGN. V d: sgk II. Cng thc phn t: 1. nh ngha: CTPT l cng thc biu th s lng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn H3: 5 t. - GV a ra mt s th d v CTPT, HS 2. Quan h gia CTGN v CTPT: nhn xt rt ra N. - Nu CTGN l CH2O th CTPT c biu - HS quan st v thnh phn v s nguyn din (CH2O)n t gia CTGN v CTPT rt ra nhn xt: + V d: n = 1 th CTPT l CH2O thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau n = 2 th CTPT l C2H4O2 + trong nhiu trng hp, s lng nguyn t mi nguyn t khc nhau + trong 1 s trng hp, CTGN cng chnhl CTPT. 3/ Cch thit lp CTPT hp cht hu c: H4: 20 GV a ra cc phng php thit a. Da vo thnh phn khi lng cc nguyn lp CTPT nh sgk, hng dn HS lm cc t: v d c th Xt s : CxHyOzNt xC + yH + zO + tN Khi lng: Mg 12xg yg 16zg 14tg % khi lng: 100% %C %H %O %N Ta c t l:
M 12x y 16z 14t = = = = 100% %C %H %O %N Hoc: M 12x y 16z 14t = = = = a mC m H mO m N x, y, z, t v CTPT
V d: sgk b. Thng qua CTGN: nu bit M ca cht hu c th xcnh c CTPT V d: CTGN l CH2O th CTPT c dng (CH2O)n , gi s M = 60 th ta c: 30n = 60 n =2 Vy CTPT l: C2H4O2 c. Tnh trc tip theo khi lng sn phm t chy: - Tm s mol CO2, H2O, N2 ri lp t l vo p
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
t chy tng qut: CxHyOzNt + (x+ - )O2 xCO2

t N2 2 y z 4 2
y H2O + 2
Tactl:
1 x y t = = = x, y, t v kt n n CO 2 2n H 2O 2n N 2
hp vi M tm z V d: sgk
H5: cng c: 5 GV n li cc CT tnh M - BT 3/95 sgk
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 30,31:
Bi 22:
CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C Ngy son:
6/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng

Kin thc
Bit c : Ni dung thuyt cu to ho hc ; Khi nim ng ng, ng phn. Lin kt cng ho tr v khi nim v cu trc khng gian ca phn t cht hu c.
K nng
Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s cht hu c c th. Phn bit c cht ng ng, cht ng phn da vo cng thc cu to c th. B. Trng tm: Ni dung thuyt cu to ho hc, cht ng ng, cht ng phn Lin kt n, bi (i, ba) trong phn t cht hu c C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu ni dung thuyt cu to ho hc, Dn ra mt s v d hnh thnh khi nim: cht ng ng, cht ng phn. Dn ra mt s v d gip HS thy cc loi lin kt trong hp cht hu c: lin kt n v lin kt bi (lin kt i v ba). Luyn tp: + Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s cht hu c c th theo dy ng ng ca n (ngc li phn bit ng ng v ng phn t cc cng thc cu to c th). D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca gio vin Ni dung H1: 10 GV phn tch th d v CTPT, I. Cng thc cu to CTCT, HS rt ra khi nim v cu to ha 1. Khi nim hc. CTCT biu din th t v cch thc lin kt VD: C3H6, C2H6O (lin kt n, lin kt bi) ca cc nguyn Gip HS thy c: CTCT l CT biu din t trong phn t. th t lk v cch thc lk gia cc ng.t trong - Bit CTCT ca hp cht hu c s d ph.t. Cng 1 CTPT nhng c th c nhiu on tnh cht ha hc c bn. CTCT khc nhau 2. Cc loi cng thc cu to -GV cho HS nghin cu sgk rt ra khi nim 2/ Cc loi CTCT: C 2 loi: v cc loi CTCT: CTCT khai trin, CTCT thu - CTCT khai trin. gn. - CTCT thu gn. VD nh sgk
H2: 7
II. Thuyt cu to ho hc 1. Ni dung a) Lun im 1: -Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn

7
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
- GV a ra vd: C2H6O c 2 CTCT khc nhau tng ng vi 2 cht c tnh cht hon ton khc nhau. Cho HS nhn xt? -Cho HS rt ra ni dung ca lun im 1. H3: 8GV a ra vd CTCT ca C4H10, C6H12(mch vng) -Trong cc vd trn, s lk m C c th to ra l bao nhiu? -Hy nhn xt v mch C, v kh nng lk ca ng.t C vi cc ng.t ca cc ng.t khc? H4: 5 GV a vd c th v s ph thuc ca tnh cht hp cht hu c theo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc nh sgk ri rt ra nhn xt? H5: 10 -VD: xt cc hirocacbon C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 nh sgk, HS rt ra nhn xt? -Cc cht trn cn c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau, chng c gi l ng ng. -Vy th no l ng ng? H6: 5 Cng c Lm bi tp 5 SGK.
t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr v theo mt th t nht nh. Th t lin kt gi l cu to ho hc. S thay i lin kt tc l thay i cu to ho hc s to ra cht mi. b) Lun im 2: sgk -Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon c ho tr bn. Nguyn t cacbon khng nhng c th lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc m cn lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon (mch vng, mch khng h (mch nhnh v mch khng nhnh). c) Lun im 3: Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc 2/ ngha: Thuyt cu to ha hc gip gii thch hin tng ng ng v ng phn. II. ng ng, ng phn 1. ng ng a. Th d b. Khi nim - Nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh dy ng ng.
Dn d: - Lm bi tp v nh.
- Chun b ni dung phn cn li bi hc.
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 31: Hot ng ca GV v HS H1: 15 - GV a vd C2H6O c 2 CTCT, ta gi chng l ng phn ca nhau. Vy th no l ng phn? HS nu khi nim. Ni dung 2/ ng phn: a) vd: sgk b) Khi nim: Nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng CTPT c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau. - GV hng dn HS phn bit cc loi ng -C 2 loi ng phn: phn: ng phn cu to v ng phn lp + ng phn cu to: gm p mch cacbon, p th. loi nhm chc, p v tr lk bi hoc nhm chc... + p lp th: p khc nhau v v tr khng gian ca cc nhm ng.t. IV. Lin kt ha hc v cu trc phn t hp cht hu c: H2: 10 -Trong ph.t cht hu c, loi lk 1/ Lin kt n: (hay lk ) do 1 cp e chung to ch yu l lk g? nn , cbiu din bng 1 gch ni gia 2 ng.t. -LK CHT trong hp cht hu c chia thnh lk l lk bn. 2 loi: lk xich ma ( ) v lk pi ( ) Vd: CH4 -lk n l lk , n c hnh thnh ntn? 2/ Lin kt i: do 2 cp e chung gia 2 ng.t to - lk l lk bn. nn, gm 1 lk v 1 lk , biu din bng 2 gch song song. Lk km bn hn lk -Lk i c hnh thnh ntn? VD: C2H4 3/ Lin kt ba: do 3 cp e chung gia 2 ng.t to nn, gm lk v 2 lk . -LK ba c hnhthnh ntn? VD: C2H2
H8: 20 Cng c ton bi: BT 1,2,5,6,7-sgk.
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT :
Bi 23:
PHN NG HU C Ngy son:
18/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng

Kin thc
Bit c : S lc v cc loi phn ng hu c c bn : Phn ng th, phn ng cng, phn ng tch.

K nng
Nhn bit c loi phn ng thng qua cc phng trnh ho hc c th. B. Trng tm: Phn loi phn ng hu c c bn : Th, cng, tch ... C. Hng dn thc hin Dn ra mt s phn ng hu c v hng dn HS quan st phn bit mt s loi phn ng hu c c bn : th, cng, tch. Dn ra mt s v d thy c c im ca phn ng hu c l thng xy ra chm v to thnh hn hp sn phm Luyn tp: + Nhn bit c loi phn ng theo cc phng trnh ho hc c th. II. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca gv Hot ng ca hc sinh Ni dung Hot ng 1: 10 P Hc sinh quan st v pht biu I. Phn loi phn ng hu c th khi nim. 1. Phn ng th Gio vin a ra th -Phn ng th l phn ng trong Th d 1 askt d. mt nguyn t hoc nhm CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl Phn ng th l g ? nguyn t trong phn t hp cht Th d 2 hu c b thay th bi mt H3C C OH + HOC2H5 nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t O khc.
H3C C OC2H5 O
+ H2O
Hot ng 2: 10 P cng Gio vin a ra cc th d. Vy p cng l g ?
Th d 3 C2H5OH + HBr C2H5OH + H2O F Phn ng th l phn ng trong mt nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c b thay th bi mt nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t khc. 2. Phn ng cng Th d 1 C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 Hc sinh quan st th d v tr Th d 2 li khi nim C2H2 + HCl C2H3Cl -Phn ng cng l phn ng trong phn t hp cht hu c F Phn ng cng l phn ng trong kt hp vi phn t khc to phn t hp cht hu c kt hp thnh phn t mi. vi phn t khc to thnh phn t mi. 3. Phn ng tch
10
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Hot ng 3: 10 Phn ng tch Gio vin ly th d. Phn ng tch l g ? Hc sinh quan st th d v tr li khi nim - Phn ng tch l phn ng trong hai hay nhiu nguyn t b tch ra khi phn t hp cht hu c
Th d 1
CH2 CH2 H OH
H+,170oC
CH2=CH2 + H2O Th d 2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3

+H2
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
+H2
Hot ng 4: 10 c im ca phn ng ho hc hu c Gio vin m t cc th d trong sch gio khoa. Hc sinh nhn xt v a ra nhn xt v c im phn ng ho hc hu c. Nguyn nhn ca cc c im .
Cc phn ng ho hc trong hu c thng xy ra chm. Do cc lin kt trong phn t cc cht hu c t phn cc nn kh phn ct. Phn ng hu c thng thu c nhiu sn phm. Do cc lin kt c bn tng t nhau nn trong cng mt iu kin c th phn ct nhiu lin kt. Hot ng 5: 5 Cng c Lm bi tp 2 sch gio khoa: Chn kt lun ng: 1. B; 2. D; 3. A * Dn d - Lm bi tp sch gio khoa v sch bi tp. - Chun b ni dung tit luyn tp.
F Phn ng tch l phn ng trong hai hay nhiu nguyn t b tch ra khi phn t hp cht hu c. II. c im ca phn ng ho hc trong ho hc hu c 1. Cc phn ng ho hc trong hu c thng xy ra chm. 2. Phn ng hu c thng thu c nhiu sn phm.
11
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 32, 33 : Bi 24: LUYN TP: HP CHT HU C, CNG THC PHN T V CNG THC CU TO Ngy son: 28/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng 1/ Kin thc: Cng c cc kin thc: - Hp cht hu c: Khi nim, phn loi, ng ng, ng phn, lin kt trong phn t. - Phn ng ca hp cht hu c. 2/ K nng: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca 1 s cht hu c n gin, nhn dng mt vi loi p ca cc cht hu c n gin. B. Chun b: HS: chun b kin thc n tp. GV: chun b thm 1 s bi tp, cu hi trc nghim. C. Tin trnh bi luyn tp: I. Kin thc cn nm vng: H1: 1/ Khi nim hp cht hu c, thnh phn cc ng.t trong phn t hp cht hu c: n li cc khi nim hp cht hu c, thnh phn cc ng.t trong trong ph.t hp cht hu c, s dng cc BT sau: BT1: Hy vit 1 s th d minh ha v hp cht hu c, hp cht v c. T n li khi nim hp cht hu c. BT2: Hy vit 1 s CTTQ biu din hp cht hu c, t trnh by v th. phn ng.t trong hp cht hu c. (CxHy, CxHyOz, CxHyOzNt, CxHyClz) H2: 2/ Phn loi hp cht hu c theo thnh phn nguyn t: HS n tp thng qua h thng bi tp: BT3: Chia cc cht sau y thnh 2 loi chnh v t tn cho mi loi: C 3H8, C5H12, C4H6, C5H10, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3Cl, C6H12O6. BT4: BT1 sgk. H3: 3/ Lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c: BT5: C nhng lin kt no trong cc hp cht hu c sau y? CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3; CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-C C-CH2-CH3 ; CH2=CH-CH2C CH H4: 4/ Cc loi CT biu din phn t hp cht hu c BT6: Hy k ccmi tn th hin quan h gia cc n v kin thc sau: Phn tch nh tnh
Phn tch nh lng

CTGN CTP BT7: BT s 2 sgk
M thuyetCTHH
CTCT
ng phn
12
Bc 1: Xc nh thnh phn % cc nguyn t trong metyligenol: %C, %H bit %O = 17,98 Bc 2: Lp CTGN ca M: x : y : z = 12, 0 : 1, 0 : 16, 0 = 12, 0 : 1, 0 : 16, 0 = 6,18 : 7,86 :1,12 = 11:14 : 2 CTGN: C11H14O2 CTPT c dng: (C11H14O2)n Bc 3: Lp CTPT ca M: 178n = 178 n = 1 CTPT l C11H14O2 BT8: bi 3 sgk H5: 5/ Cc loi p ha hc hay gp trong ha hc hu c: Trong hh hu c thng gp nhng loi p no? Hy nu c im tng loi p ? BT 7,8 sgk (HS ln bng gii) H6: Cng c bi. - K nng gii BT lp CTPT. - Cch vit PTHH ca cc loi p. B. Bi tp: sgk 1. C6H6 l hirocacbon, cc cht cn li l dn xut ca hirocacbon. 4. A 5. C3H8O: 2 CTCT ; C4H10O: 4 CTCT 6. ng ng: C3H7OH v C4H9OH; CH3-O-C2h5 v C2H5-O-C2H5 ng phn: CH3-O-C2H5 v C3H7OH ; C2H5-O-C2H5 v C4H9OH. 7. p th: a) ; p cng: b) ; p tch: c), d) 600oC Ni,to 8. a) C2H4 + H2 C2H6 (p cng) ; b) 3C2H2 C6H6 (p cng) t hanhoattinh mengiam c) C2H5OH + O2 (kk) CH3COOH + H2O (p oxh khng hon ton) 25 30oC * Bi tp b sung: Cu 1: Tnh cht no sau y khng phi l ca cc hp cht hu c A. lin kt ho hc cc hp cht hu c thng l lin kt cng ho tr. B. nht thit phi cha cacbon. C. khng tan hoc t tan trong nc. D. phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy hon ton, theo mt hng nht nh. Cu 2: Cho cc cht c cng thc phn t sau: CH4, C3H6, C6H12O6, C2H4O2, C6H6, C2H2, C2H6O. S cht c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin l A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 3: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O4N2. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l A. C2H4ON. B. C4H8O4N. C. C4H8O4N2. D. C2H4O2N. Cu 4: Nhng cht ng phn l nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng A. cng thc phn t. B. cng thc lp th.C. cng thc cu to. D. cng thc ho hc. Cu 5: Hp cht hu c X c t khi so vi hiro bng 30. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6O. B. C2H6O2. C. C2H6O. D. C3H8O. Cu 6: Trong phn t hp cht hu c, ho tr ca cacbon, hiro ln lt l A. 2, 2. B. 1, 4. C. 4, 1. D. 3, 1. Cu 7: Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht l CH2O v c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 45. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4O2. B. CH2O. C. C4H8O4. D. C3H6O3.
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
%C %H %O
74,16 7,86 17,98
13
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Cu 8: Cho cc cht sau: CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, C3H8 , C4H10, C5H12. C bao nhiu cht l ng ng ca nhau A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 9: t chy hon ton 4,6 gam cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O), sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O. Bit khi lng mol phn t ca Z bng 46 g/mol. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho C = 12, H = 1, O = 16) A. C2H6O. B. C3H6O. C. CH2O. D. CH2O2. Cu 10: Hp cht Y c phn trm khi lng cacbon, hiro, oxi ln lt l 48,64%, 8,1% v 43,26%. Khi lng mol phn t ca Y bng 74 g/mol. Cng thc phn t ca Y l (Cho C = 12, H = 1, O = 16) A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C6H12O6. D. C4H10O. Cu 11: Cho cc cht c cng thc phn t sau: CH4, C3H6, C6H12O6, C2H4O2, C6H6, C3H8, C3H6O3. S cht c cng cng thc n gin CH2O l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2OH (1), CH3OCH3 (2), CH3CH2CH2OH (3), CH3CHO (4). Cc cht l ng phn ca nhau l A. (2), (4). B. (1), (2). C. (1), (4). D. (3), (2). Cu 13: Cho cc cht: C2H2, CHF3, CH5N, Al4C3, HCN, CH3COONa, (NH2)2CO, CO, (NH4)2CO3, CaC2. C bao nhiu cht hu c A. 7. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 14: Khi nim no sau y ng khi ni v hp cht hu c A. l hp cht ca cacbon vi hiro v oxi. B. l hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua ). C. l hp cht ca cacbon. D. l hp cht ca cacbon v hiro. c k v tr li cc cu hi t 15 n 17 Cho phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng (1) CH4 + Cl2 as CH3Cl + HCl. (2) C3H6 + Br2 C3H6Br2. , xt (3) C3H7OH + HCl t C3H7Cl + H2O. , xt (4) C7H16 t CH4 + C6H12. ,t (5) C5H10 + H2 Ni C5H12. ,t C2H5OH H SO C2H4 + H2O. Cu 15: Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng tch l A. 4, 6. B. 3, 4, 5. C. 1, 3. D. 2, 5. Cu 16: Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng cng l A. 2, 5. B. 2, 3, 5. C. 1, 2, 5, 6. D. 1, 4, 5, 6. Cu 17: Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng th l A. 1, 3. B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. C. 1, 4, 5, 6. D. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6.
0 0 0 2 4 0
14
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 34, 35:
N TP HC K I Ngy son: 5/12/2011
I. Chun kin thc v k nng: 1. Kin thc : n tp , cng c li cc kin thc hc trong sut hc k I 2. K nng : - Rn luyn cc k nng : * Hon thnh chui , vit phng trnh phn ng , iu ch , tch cc cht * Nhn bit cc cht da vo phng php ho hc * Gii bi ton da vo phng trnh phn ng , C% , CM , tnh % khi lng hn hp , C% * lp CTG , CTPT , xc nh CTCT ng ca hp cht hu c . 3. Thi : - Tp tinh cn thn trong tnh ton - Tnh t m , tin tng vo khoa hc thc nghim . 4. Trng tm : n tp theo cng . II. PHNG PHP : Hot ng nhm nu v gii quyt vn . III. CHUN B : H thng cu hi v bi tp IV. THIT K CC HOT NG : Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung Hot ng 1 :Hc sinh ln lt tr li cc cu I. in li hi. 1. L thuyt in li - S in li S in li ? cht in li ? Phn bit cht in li - Cht in li mnh yu ? Phn bit cht in li mnh & yu. Quan im ca Areniut v axit - baz ? Tch s - Axit - baz theo Areniut. ion ca nc ? - Tch s ion ca nc. iu kin ca phn ng trao i ion trong dung Khi nim pH. dch. Bn cht ca phn ng trao i ion trong - iu kin phn ng trao i. dung dch ? Hot ng 2 bi tp 2. Bi tp Gio vin hng dn mt s dng bi tp c - Tnh pH ca dung dch. bn hc sinh v nh lm. - So snh nng ion cht in li. Hc sinh xem li mt s dng bi tp c bn - Nng dung dch. Hot ng 3 n cht Nit - Photpho II. Nit - Photpho - Cacbon - Silic Cacbon - Silic 1. n cht So snh tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc loi - Tnh oxi ho n cht ? Nguyn nhn ging nhau tnh cht - Tc dng vi cht kh ho hc c bn ? So snh hot ng trong mt chu k, mt nhm. - Tnh kh HS :Tnh cht ho hc ca cc n cht tng - Tc dng vi cht oxh. t nhau. Do chng u c mc oxi ho trung gian nn chng c th tng hoc gim mc oxi ha th
15
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
hin tnh oxi ho hoc kh. Hot ng 4 Hp cht ca nit, photpho, cacbon, silic. Hp cht vi hiro ch xt hp cht hiro ca nit. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca amoniac ? Cho th d ? Amoniac c tnh baz yu v tnh kh. Tnh baz yu : tc dng vi dung dch mui ca kim loi c hiroxit khng tan. Tnh kh : tc dng vi cht oxi ho. Cc oxit ca cacbon tnh cht ho hc c bn ? HS:CO c tnh kh mnh. CO2 c tnh oxi ho yu (khng c trng) v tnh oxit axit. Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca silic ioxit ? SiO2 l thnh phn chnh ca thu tinh, tc dng vi dung dch HF. Hiroxit ca nit, photpho, cacbon, silic. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ? HS: Hiroxit nit HNO3 l cht oxi ho mnh v tnh axit mnh. Hiroxit photpho H3PO4 l axit trung bnh, in li ba nc v khng c tnh oxi ho mnh nh HNO3. Hiroxit cacbon H2CO3 Hiroxit silic H2SiO3 ch tc dng vi kim mnh. Hot ng 5 Bi tp 1 Bi tp 1 Hon thnh dy chuyn ho sau: a. N2FNH3FNH4NO2NH3 Al(OH)3 NO Al(NO3)3HNO3 NO2 b. P P2O5 H3PO4 Bi tp 2 Cho 3 gam Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c d, un nng, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh duy nht NO2 (ktc). Xc nh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Bi tp 3 Nung 52,65gam CaCO3 1000oC v
16
2. Hp cht a. Hp cht vi hiro NH3 c tnh baz yu v tnh kh.
b. Oxit Oxit cacbon CO c tnh kh mnh CO2 c l oxit axit SiO2
c. Hiroxit Hiroxit nit HNO3 l cht oxi ho mnh v tnh axit mnh Hiroxit photpho H3PO4 l axit trung bnh, in li ba nc. Hiroxit cacbon H2CO3 Hiroxit silic H2SiO3
Hot ng 6 Bi tp 2
Hot ng 7 Bi tp 3
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
cho ton b lng kh thot ra hp th ht vo 500ml dung dch NaOH 1,8M. Hi thu c nhng mui no ? Khi lng l bao nhiu ? Bit rng hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn CaCO3 l 95%. 3. Cng c : Kt hp trong qu trnh n tp 4. Bi tp v nh : Bi 1 : Cho 9 g hh gm Mg v Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 lang thu c 6,72 lit kh khng mu d ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) a.Vit cc PTP xy ra. b.Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi c trong hh? Bi 2 : Cho mg hh Zn , ZnO td va 100 ml dd HNO3 1M thu c 448 ml mt cht kh NO duy nht (ktc ) v dd A. a/ Tnh % khi lng hn hp u b/ Cho ton b dd A ( trn ) vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M ,c dd B. Tnh nng mol/l dung Gi s rng th tch dung dch trong cc phn ng u khng thay i Bi 3 : t chy hon ton 1,44g hchc A ri cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh ( 1 ) ng H2SO4 c , bng ( 2 ) ng nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,16g , bng 2 tng thu c 10g kt ta trng . Xc nh CTG nht ca A ?, Tm CTPT ca A ?
17
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CHNG 5:
TIT 37, 38 :
Kin thc
HIROCACBON NO
ANKAN Ngy son: 19/12/2011
Bi 25:
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : nh ngha hirocacbon, hirocacbon no v c im cu to phn t ca chng. Cng thc chung, ng phn mch cacbon, c im cu to phn t v danh php. Tnh cht vt l chung (quy lut bin i v trng thi, nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng ring, tnh tan). Phng php iu ch metan trong phng th nghim v khai thc cc ankan trong cng nghip. ng dng ca ankan.
K nng Tnh cht ho hc (phn ng th, phn ng chy, phn ng tch hiro, phn ng crckinh).
Quan st th nghim, m hnh phn t rt ra c nhn xt v cu trc phn t, tnh cht ca ankan. Vit c cng thc cu to, gi tn mt s ankan ng phn mch thng, mch nhnh. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca ankan. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch v khi lng ankan trong hn hp kh, tnh nhit lng ca phn ng chy. B. Trng tm: c im cu trc phn t ca ankan, ng phn ca ankan v tn gi tng ng. Phng php iu ch metan trong phng th nghim C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu dy ng ng v tn gi: ankan Cng thc tng qut ca ankan. Da vo kin thc ng phn ( hc bi trn) gip HS vit c cu to v tn gi ca cc ng phn ankan (c < 7 nguyn t C) t cng thc phn t.
Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan : Tng i tr nhit thng nhng di tc dng ca nh sng, xc tc v nhit, ankan c tham gia : + Phn ng th: hng dn HS da vo phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng th CH4 bi halogen (SGK) vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng th C2H6 bi halogen Sau , c th ch ra phn ng dnagj tng qut: as CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl as .............+ Cl2 CnHCl2n+1 + HCl as CnHCl2n+1 + Cl2 CnCl2n+2 + HCl Lu : s to sn phm chnh l sn phm th nguyn t C bc cao hn. t 0 ,xt + Phn ng tch hiro, crckinh. CnH2n+2 CnH2n + H2 t 0 ,xt CnH2n+2 CxH2x+2 + CnxH2(nx) + Phn ng oxi ho (chy, oxi ho khng hon ton to thnh dn xut cha oxi). 2 3n + 1 t0 CnH2n+2 + ( ) O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O (t l mol > 1) C2 2
t ,xt CH4 + O2 H-CH=O + H2O t 0 ,xt C4H10 + 2,5O2 2CH3COOH + H2O
0
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan
18
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Phng php iu ch metan trong phng th nghim (t CH3COONa v Al4C3). Luyn tp: + Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn mt s ankan ng phn mch thng, mch nhnh. + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc biu din phn ng ho hc ca ankan. + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to ca mt s ankan ; + Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch trong hn hp v tnh nhit lng ca phn ng chy ; D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung H1:7 - Th no l ng ng? I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php: - Bit cht u tin ca dy ankan l 1/ Dy ng ng ankan: metan CH4, em hy lp CT cc cht ng gm: ng tip theo? CH4, C2H6, C3H8 ... CTC: CnH2n+2 (n 1) HS vit cng thc phn t mt s ng * c im cu to: ng ca CH4 - ch c lk n C-C v C-H hng t ng.t C ra HS nhn xt rt ra kt lun 4 nh ca 1 t din u. - Mch C l mch h, cc ng.t C khng cng -Vy CT chung ca dy ng ng nm trn 1 ng thng. ankan l ntn? - Ch s n c gi tr ntn? - GV cho HS quan st m hnh phn t 2/ ng phn: butan gip HS rt ra nhn xt v c -T C4H10 tr i, ankan c ng phn v mch im cu to ca ankan? cacbon (mch ko nhnh v c nhnh) - Hc sinh nghin cu sgk rt ra c Vd: C4H10 (2 p) im cu trc ca ankan C5H12 (3 p) H2:13 - Vi 3 cht u dy ng ng, em hy vit CTCT cho cc cht 3/ Danh php: . Cc cht ny c 1 hay nhiu CTCT a) An kan ko phn nhnh: mch h? - xem bng 5.1 sgk. - Vit CTCT cho cc cht C4H10 v C5H12? H3:20 - GV gii thiu bng 5.1 sgk. b) Ankan c nhnh: c gi tn theo danh HS rt ra nhn xt v c im trong tn php thay th nh sau: gi ca ankan v gc ankyl. -Chn mch C di nht, c nhiu nhnh nht lm - HS : c im tn ankan c ui an v mch chnh. tn gc ankyl c ui yl -nh STT mch chnh t pha gn nhnh v - GV nu cch nhn ra mch C chnh. nhiu nhnh hn. - GV a ra nhiu dng mch phn - Gi tn: v tr nhnh + tn nhnh(gc ankyl) nhnh gip HS nhn din v nh s theo th t vn ch ci + tn ankan tng ng chnh xc. vi mch chnh. - GV a ra 1 s vd HS c tn theo 2 *Mt s ankan cn c tn thng thng. cch v cho HS thy c s khc nhau V d: *CH3 CH CH2 CH3 gia 2 cch gi tn . CH3 * CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 - HS nhn xt rt ra kt lun v khi CH3 C2H5 CH3 nim bc ca nguyn t C * CH3 CH CH CH2 C CH3
19
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Cho HS t nghin cu bc ca ng.t C, ch ra bc C trong cc ph.t vit trn.
H4: 5 -GV yu cu HS da vo sgk thng k cc c im ca ankan: trng thi, qui lut bin i v tonc, tos, klng ring, tnh tan theo chiu tng ca PTK? II. Tnh cht vt l: GV V d v ankan: xng , ga , nn - iu kin thng , cc ankan t C1 C4 Hs rt ra tnh cht vt l . trng thi kh T C5 C17 : lng ] T C18 tr i trng thi rn . -Nhit nng chy , nhit si , kl ring ca cc ankan tng theo s nguyn t cacbon ( tng theo phn t khi - Ankan nh hn nc . - Ankan khng tan trong nc K nc . - Ankan l nhng dung mi khng phn cc ha tan c nhng cht khng phn cc . - Ankan l nhng cht khng mu . 4. Cng c : * Mt ngi gi tn hp cht hu c A l : 2 - etyl - 3 - metyl butan , ng hay sai ? a. ng b. Sai * Vit cng thc cu to thu gn ca cht sau : 3 etyl 2,2,4 trimetylheptan * Cc hp cht di y hp cht no l ankan ? a. C7H14 b. C6H10 c. C8H18 d. khng c
C2H5 C2H5 CH3 * CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 CH3 * CH3 CH CH2 C CH3 CH3 CH3 Bc ca ng.t cacbon: c xc nh bng s lk ca n vi cc ng.t C khc.
Bi 5 sgk: a) Xng du gm cc ankan c mch cacbon ngn, d bay hi, d bt la. Nha ng gm cc ankan c mch cacbon rt ln, kh bay hi, km bt la.
20
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 38: Hot ng ca GV v HS H1: 15 * GV yu cu HS nhc li c im cu to cc ankan, t c im cu to hng dn HS d on kh nng tham gia phn ng ca ankan
HS:Phn t ankan ch c cc lin kt CC v CH l lin kt bn vng ankan tng i tr v mt ho hc
Ni dung III. Tnh cht ha hc: Ankan tng i tr v mt ho hc : nhit thng chng khng phn ng vi axit , baz v cht oxyho mnh ( KMnO4 ) 1. Phn ng th bi halogen: (c trng) V d : CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
as as
- Vit phng trnh phn ng th Cl vo CH4 ? - GV trnh by phn c ch phn ng ( ch cn s lc ) L c ch gc dy chuyn * Bc khi mo Clo + Clo Cl o o Cl as * Bc pht trin dy chuyn CH3 H + Clo o CH3 + HCl o CH3 + Clo oCl CH3Cl + Clo CH3o o H + Clo . * Bc t dy chuyn : Clo + Clo Cl2 o CH3 + Clo CH3Cl o CH3 + o CH3 CH3CH3
CH2Cl2 + Cl2
as CHCl 3
+ HCl
as CHCl3 + Cl2 CHCl4 + HCl
- Cc ng ng : T C3H8 tr i th Clo (nht l brm) u tin th trong mch. V d : CH3CH2CH2Cl + HCl C3H8 + Cl2 CH3CHClCH3 + HCl Nhn xt : - Nguyn t hir lin kt vi cacbon bc cao hn d b th hn nguyn t hiro lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon bc thp . - Cc phn ng trn gi l phn ng halogen ho , Vit ptp : cc sn phm th c gi l dn xut halogen ca C3H8 + Cl2 v C3H8 + Br2 hirocacbon . H2: 10 2/ Phn ng tch : Gio vin hng dn HS vit cc * ehirho: phng trnh phn ng : t CH3-CH3 CH2=CH2 + H2 C2H6 t * Phn ng crackinh: C3H8 ( b gy lk C-C ) HS nhn xt : CH3CH=CH2 * Di tc dng ca nhit v xc tc ( C4H10 CH2=CH2 Cr2O3 , Fe , Pt ) +C2H6 * Cc ankan khng nhng b tch H to thnh Hydrocacbon khng no m 3. Phn ng Oxi ha hon ton CnH2n+2+O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O cn b gy cc lin kt C C to ra cc phn t nh hn ( n CO2< nH2O) H3:10 V d : GV yu cu Nhn xt t l mol CO2 CH4 +2O2 t CO2 + 2H2O v H2O sinh ra sau phn ng - HS nhn xt : s mol H2O lun lun
o o
xt,t 0
21
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
ln hn CO2 - Khng b oxyho bi dung dch KMnO4 nhng nhit , xc tc thch hp ankan c th b oxi ho khng hon ton to thnh dn xut cha oxy xt CH4 + O2 t HCHO + H2O H4: 5 GV gii thiu phng php iu ch ankan trong cng nghip -Lm th nghim iu ch CH4 t Natri axetat vi vi ti xt Hot ng 6: Yu cu HS tr li cu hi : Tm nhng ng dng c lin quan n tnh cht ho hc ca ankan ?
0
III.iu ch v ng dng 1/. iu ch :
a/ Trong cng nghip : ly t kh thin nhin, kh du m. b/ Phng th nghim : CH3COONa + NaOH t CH4 + Na2CO3 Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 2/ ng dng : sgk
0
4/ Cng c : 5 * t chy 0,1 mol CxHy 0,1mol CO2 v 0,2mol H2O . Xc nh dy ng ng ca A. Vit chng trnh chung. * Lm bi tp 7/ 114 SGK * Vit phn ng Isobutan + Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1
22
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT :
Bi 26:
XICLOANKAN Ngy son: 28/12/2011
A. Chun kin thc v k nng

Kin thc
Bit c : Khi nim, c im cu to phn t. Tnh cht ho hc : Phn ng th, tch, chy tng t ankan ; Phn ng cng m vng (vi H2, Br2, HBr) ca xicloankan c 3 4 nguyn t cacbon. ng dng ca xicloankan.
K nng
Quan st m hnh phn t v rt ra c nhn xt v cu to ca xicloankan. T cu to phn t, suy on c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca xicloankan. Vit c phng trnh ho hc dng cng thc cu to biu din tnh cht ho hc ca xicloankan. B. Trng tm: Cu trc phn t ca xiclohexan, xiclopropan, xiclobutan. Tnh cht ho hc ca xiclohexan, xiclopropan, xiclobutan. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu mt s xicloankan v tn gi Cng thc tng qut ca mono xicloankan. Da vo kin thc ng phn ( hc bi trn) gip HS vit c cu to v tn gi ca mt s ng phn xicloankan (c < 7 nguyn t C) t cng thc phn t. Tnh cht ho hc ca xicloankan : + Phn ng cng m vng: * vi : H2, Br2, HBr (ch xy ra vi xiclopropan) * vi H2: (xy ra vi vng xiclo c 4, 5, 6 nguyn t C) + Phn ng th v phn ng oxi ho (tng t ankan).
Luyn tp: Vit c phng trnh ho hc dng cng thc cu to biu din tnh cht ho hc ca xicloankan.
III. Tin trnh bi ging: * Kim tra bi c: 5 1/ Vit ng phn v gi tn cc ankan c CTPT C6H14? 2/ Vit p th ca butan vi clo, p tch ca propan, p chy ca pentan? 3/ Vit p iu ch CH4 trong PTN?
23
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Hot ng ca GV v HS H1:10 - T CTCT ca cc xicloankan trong bng 5.2, em hy cho bit c im v cu to phn t ca xicloankan, t hy cho bit cng thc chung ca xicloankan n vng? - GV by cch gi tn xicloankan.
Ni dung
I. Cu to: * Xicloankan l nhng hirocacbon no c mch vng. -Monoxicloankan c CTC:CnH2n(n 3 ) - c im cu to: mch vng v ch c lk xich ma. - Cch gi tn: V tr nhnh (nu c 2 nhnh tr ln)+ tn nhnh + xiclo + tn ankan khng nhnh tng ng vi s C trong vng. Vd: metyl xiclo hexan, 1,1-imetyl xiclo butan. H2:10 - T c im cu to ca II. Tnh cht ha hc: xicloankan, hy d on tnh cht ha hc ca n? 1/ P th: (vi vng 5,6... cnh) - GV yu cu HS nhc li khi nim p th Vd: sgk v xc nh sp th ca p th ca xiclopentan vi brom? 2/ p cng m vng: (vi vng 3,4 cnh) H3:10 -Cc xicloankan n vng 3 hoc a) Xiclopropan v xiclobutan c p cng m vng 4 cnh c cu trc km bn nn d tham gia vi H2( Ni, to) p cng m vng. pthh: sgk -Khi tham p cng m vng, 1 trong cc lk b) Ring xiclobutan cn tc dng c vi brom C-C ca vng b b gy v tc nhn cng hoc axit: chia lm 2 phn cng hp vo 2 u ca lk pthh: sgk va b b gy, to thnh hp cht no nhng 3/ p tch: mch h. Vd: sgk - GV nu vn : Tng t ankan, cc 4/ P oxi ha: to xicloankan cng b tch hiro, gi HS vit CnH2n + 3n/2 O2 nCO2 + nH2O khi ankan chy: nH2O = nCO2 pthh cu p tch hiro ca C6H12 - Yu cu HS vit pthh chung ca p chy ca xlcloankan v nhn xt? III. iu ch: H4: 5 GV g. thiu 2 cch . ch: - Xicloankan ch yu c ly t qu trnh chng ct - Xicloankan ch yu c ly t qu trnh du m. chng ct du m. -Mt s xicloankan c iu ch t ankan bng p2 -Mt s xicloankan c iu ch t ankan tch hiro cc ankcn, ng vng. bng p2 tch hiro cc ankcn, ng vng. Vd: sgk IV. ng dng: (sgk) - Xicloankan c dng lm nhin liu, dung mi hoc lm ng.liu iu ch cc cht khc. H6: 5 Cng c bi bng BT sgk.
24
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 39:
Bi 27:
Luyn tp: ANKAN V XICLOANKAN Ngy son: 10/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng - Rn k nng vit CTCT v gi tn cc ankan. - Rn luyn k nng lp CTPT ca hp cht hu c, vit pthh ca p th c ch vn dng qui lut th vo phn t ankan. B. Chun b: - GV: + k sn bng tng kt nh sgk nhng cha in d liu. + H thng BT bm st ni dung luyn tp. - HS: + Chun b cc BT trong chng 5 trc khi n lp. + H thng li cc kin thc c hc. III. Tin trnh bi luyn tp: A. Kin thc cn nm vng: H1: - Cc p chnh ca hirocacbon no l g? HS: L p th v p tch. - c im v cu trc v CT chung ca ankan? HS: Ankan l hiroaccbon no mch h, c CTPT chung l CnH2n+2 (n >=1). - Ankan c loi ng phn no? HS: T C4H10 tr i c ng phn v mch cacbon. - S snh ankan v xicloankan v cu to v tnh cht ha hc: H2: GV lp bng nh trong sgk, trng phn cu to v tnh cht ha hc, yu cu HS hon thnh bng? B. Bi tp: T bi 1 n bi 6 sgk Bi 4: Nng nhit ca 1,00g nc ln 1oC cn tiu tn nhit lng l 4,18 J. Vy, khi nng nhit 1,00 g nc t 25 oC ln 100oC cn tiu tn nhit lng l: 75,0 . 4,18 = 314 J Do nhit lng cn tiu tn cho 1,00 lit nc t 25 oC ln 100,0oC l: 3,14 . 1,00.103 = 314.103 J = 314 kJ. Mt khc: 1g CH4 khi chy ta ra 55,6 kJ. Vy c 314 kJ cn t chy lng CH4 l: 55, 6 = 5, 64g . T , th tch CH4(ktc) cn phi t l: 16, 0 22, 4 7,90(lit) * Dng bi tp tm CT ankan: GV nu cch lm, cho BT minh ha. BT: 1) Tm CT ankan A bit t khi ca A i vi H2 bng 30? 2) t chy hon ton 1 hirocacbon thu c 6,6g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. Tm CT ca hirocacbon? 3) t chy hon ton 1,45g mt ankan thu c 4,4g CO2. Tm CTPT, vit ng phn v gi tn? * Dng BT hn hp 2 ankan ng ng: GV nu cch lm, cho BT minh ha. BT: 1) t chy hon ton 10,2g hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 16,2g H 2O. Tm CT 2 ankan v % v khi lng ca mi ankan trong hn hp? 2) Mt hn hp 2 ankan th kh c t khi i vi C2H4 bng 0,875. Tm cc CT c th c ca ankan?
5, 64 314
25
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 40:
Bi thc hnh 3: PHN TCH NH TNH NGUYN T. IU CH V TNH CHT CA METAN. Ngy son: 11/1/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : Mc ch, cch tin hnh, k thut thc hin cc th nghim c th. Phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t C v H. iu ch v thu kh metan. t chy kh metan. K nng S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh c an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trn. Quan st, m t hin tng, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh ho hc. Vit tng trnh th nghim. B. Trng tm Phn tch nh tnh C, H; iu ch v th tnh cht ca metan C. Hng dn thc hin Hng dn HS cc thao tc ca tng TN nh: + Nghin cht rn + Trn cht rn v cho hn hp vo ng nghim + Rt cht lng vo ng nghim + Lp dng c theo hnh v + un nng ng nghim + a u ng dn kh vo cht lng trong ng nghim + a que dim ang chy n u ng dn kh Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn xt Th nghim 1. Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong hp cht hu c + Phn cht rn trong y ng nghim chuyn dn t mu en (CuO) mu (Cu) cht hu c b oxi trong CuO oxi ha. + Bng rc CuSO4 khan chuyn t mu trng mu xanh (CuSO4.5H2O) c H2O to thnh + ng nghim ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 c vn c (CaCO3) c CO2 to thnh Th nghim 2. iu ch v th tnh cht ca metan a) Ngn la chy sng CH4 b t chy mu s c ng git nc Phn ng chy CH4 to H2O b) Khng c hin tng g CH4 khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2. III. Tin trnh bi thc hnh: H1: - GV nu nhng th nghim thc hin trong bi thc hnh, nhng yu cu cn t v cc im cn lu khi lm th nghim vi cc cht hu c v lm th nghim t chy kh metan. - GV biu din cho HS xem cch lp dng c th nghim nh hnh 5.1 v 5.2. Sau khi lm xong th nghim phi b ng nghim cha dd Ca(OH)2 ra trc, sau mi tt n cn. - Lu HS 1 s kin thc lin quan n cc th nghim trong bi. H2:
Bi 28:
Dn kh metan vo dung dch thuc tm.
c) Khng c hin tng g CH4 khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4.
26
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Th nghim 1: Xc nh nh tnh nguyn t cacbon v hiro. Cch tin hnh: thc hin th nghim nh hng dn trong sgk. Lu : - nhn ra ng.t C v H trong thnh phn hp cht hu c, ta un nng hp cht hu c vi CuO chuyn ng.t C thnh CO2 v ng.t H thnh H2O. nhn c H2O to thnh, cn lm th nghim trong ng nghim sch, kh. - Sau khi cho hn hp saccaroz v CuO vo y ng nghim, t 1 lp bng khng thm nc nh hnh 5.1, sau ph ln mt lp bng mt lng CuSO4 khan. H3: Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca metan.(hnh 5.2) HS lm th nghim: Lp 1 tha nh hn hp: CH 3COONa, CaO, NaOH cho vo ng nghim. Kp ng nghim trn gi th nghim. p ng nghim bng nt c ng dn kh hnh ch L xuyn qua. Dng n cn un nng u ng nghim, sau tp trung ngn la vo phn ng nghim cha hn hp ha cht, chm la t u ng dn kh. Quan st mu ca ngn la u ng dn kh. a ng dn kh vo ng nghim cha dd brom. Quan st mu ca dd brom. Lu : - Cn p iu ch CH4 xy ra mnh v lng kh metan to thnh y ht phn khng kh trong ng nghim ri mi t( phng p n mnh). - GV chun b trc hn hp vi ti xt v CH 3COONa khan nh sau: Chn ly nhng cc vi sng mi nung, nh, xp, tn nh, trn nhanh, u vi xt rn, thng theo t l 1,5 : 1 v khi lng(c th cho hn hp vo bt s, un nng cho nc bay hi ht, ngui, tn nh, bo qun trong l kn dng). Sau trn nhanh CH 3COONa khan vi hn hp vi ti xt theo t l 2:3 v khi lng. - CaO to ra hn hp ha cht kh th nghim thnh cng v bo v ng nghim khng b chy ra do p vi NaOH khi un nng. H4: cng vic cui bui thc hnh: HS thu dn dng c, ha cht .... Rt kinh nghim sau bui thc hnh, vit tng trnh.
27
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CHNG 6:
TIT 41, 42:
Kin thc
HIROCACBON KHNG NO
Bi 29: ANKEN Ngy son: 6/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : Cng thc chung, c im cu to phn t, ng phn cu to v ng phn hnh hc. Cch gi tn thng thng v tn thay th ca anken. Tnh cht vt l chung (quy lut bin i v nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng ring, tnh tan) ca anken. Phng php iu ch anken trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip. ng dng. Tnh cht ho hc : Phn ng cng brom trong dung dch, cng hiro, cng HX theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp ; phn ng trng hp ; phn ng oxi ho.
K nng
Quan st th nghim, m hnh rt ra c nhn xt v c im cu to v tnh cht. Vit c cng thc cu to v tn gi ca cc ng phn tng ng vi mt cng thc phn t (khng qu 6 nguyn t C trong phn t). Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca mt s phn ng cng, phn ng trng hp c th. Phn bit c mt s anken vi ankan c th. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to, gi tn anken. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch trong hn hp kh c mt anken c th. B. Trng tm: Dy ng ng v cch gi tn theo danh php thng thng v danh php h thng/ thay th ca anken. Tnh cht ho hc ca anken. Phng php iu ch anken trong phng th nghim v sn xut trong cng nghip. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu dy ng ng v cch gi tn thng thng v tn thay th ca anken. Da vo kin thc ng phn gip HS vit c cu to v tn gi mt s ng phn cu to ca anken (c < 6 nguyn t C) t cng thc phn t (ng phn mch C, ng phn v tr lin kt i). (Ch lin h cng thc phn t chung dn n ng phn mch vng xicloankan) Tnh cht ho hc ca anken : + Phn ng cng hiro, cng halogen (clo, brom trong dung dch), cng HX (HBr v nc) theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp. Ni ,t CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+ 2 CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 (lm mt mu dung dch brom) CnH2n + HX CnH2n+1X CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH (ancol) + Phn ng trng hp etylen, propen, but-1-en v but-2-en. + Phn ng oxi ho (chy v lm mt mu thuc tm).
0
CnH2n + (
3n t0 ) O2 nCO2 + nH2O 2
(t l mol
2 = 1) C2
3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

28
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Phng php iu ch anken: + Trong phng th nghim: tch nc ca ancol + Trong cng nghip: tch hiro hoc crckinh ankan Luyn tp: + Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn tng ng vi mt cng thc phn t (khng qu 6 nguyn t C trong phn t). + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca mt s phn ng cng, phn ng oxi ho, phn ng trng hp c th. + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to, gi tn anken, tnh thnh phn phn trm th tch trong hn hp kh c anken c th ; D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy v tr Kin thc c bn I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php: H1:15-GV gii thiu cht n gin 1/ Dy ng ng anken: nht ca dy ng ng ca anken l Gm: Etilen (CH2=CH2), C3H6, C4H8...CTC: CnH2n (n etilen C2H4(CH2=CH2) 2), c tnh cht tng t nhau. -HS nhn xt v c im cu to ca Vy: anken(hay olefin ) l nhng HC khng no mch etilen, t rt ra khi nim v anken h, c 1 lin kt i trong phn t. v CTC. 2/ ng phn: -GV: Do trong ph.t anken c mt lk a) ng phn cu to: T C4H8 tr i c ng phn i C=C nn anken(n 4) cn c anken v v tr lk i v p v mch C. thm ng phn v tr lk i ngoi p Vd: C4H8 c 3 ng phn. v mch C nh ankan. VD: C4H8 b) ng phn hnh hc: L p v v tr ko gian ca cc -GV vit CTCT ca but-2-en di nhm ng.t xung quanh lk i dng cis- v trans-. -Nu c mch chnh cng 1 pha ca lk i gi l -HS nhn xt ri rt ra kt lun v p ng phn cis-. hnh hc. -Nu c mch chnh v 2 pha khc nhau ca lk i c gi l p transVd: ng vi CTCT CH3-CH=CH-CH3 c cc ng phn hnh hc: cis-but-2-en v trans-but-2-en. H2:10 - GV: 3 cht u dy c tn 3/ Danh php: thng thng: xut pht t tn ankan a) Tn thng thng: 3 cht u dy c tn thng c cng s ng.t C bng cch i ui thng: an thnh C2H4: etilen; C3H6: propilen; C4H8: butilen. -ilen. b) Tn thay th: Xut pht t tn ankan tng ng ch -GV nu cch gi tn theo dp h b ui an ri thm v tr lk i( nu mch t 4C tr thng, cho HS xem bng 6.1 sgk, cho ln) sau thm ui en. cc CTCT v gi HS gi tn. -Lu : mch chnh l mch di nht c cha lk i v -GV cho tn gi v HS ghi CTCT. nh STT mch chnh t pha gn lk i hn. (xem bng 6.1 sgk) Vd: CH2=CH-CH3 ; CH3-C= C - CH-CH3 H3:5 GV hng dn HS nghin CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 CH3C2H5C2H5 cu sgk v tr li cc cu hi c lin CH3-CH=CH-CH3 ; CH2=CH-CH(CH3)2 quan n tnh cht vt l: trng thi, II. Tnh cht vt l: (sgk) qui lut bin i v tonc, tos, kl ring, tnh tan. H4:10 Anken c 1 lk pi km bn,
29
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
d b phn ct, gy nn tnh cht ha hc c trng ca anken: d tham gia p cng to thnh hp cht no tng ng. -V p cng: c xt vi 1 s tc nhn: H2, X2, HX... -GV gii thiu 1 pthh cng k p cng H2. HS vit pt dng tng qut.
III. Tnh cht ha hc: - lk pi km bn nn anken d tham gia p cng (tnh cht c trng). 1/ P cng: a) Cng hiro: Ni,to CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3 Ni,to CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2 b) Cng halogen: CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br -GV gi HS vit pthh cng Br2 CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 Vy cc anken lm nht dn mu nu ca dd brom. y l p nhn bit anken vi ankan. c) Cng HX (X l OH, Cl, Br...): H ,to H5:5 -GV yu cu HS vit pthh p CH2=CH2 + H-OH CH3-CH2-OH cng ca C2H vi HX. CH2=CH2 + H-Br CH3-CH2-Br -GV vit pthh ca p cng HBr vo -Cc anken c cu to ph.t khng i xng khi td vi C3H6, yu cu HS xc nh bc ca C HX c th cho hh 2 sp: v rt ra qui tc cng Maccopnhicop. CH3-CH=CH2 + HBr 2 sp Qui tc cng Maccopnhicop: sgk TIT 64: H6:10 -Cc anken cn c th tham 2/ P trng hp: t ,p,xt gia p cng hp lin tip vi nhau, nCH2=CH2 ( CH2 CH2 )n to thnh nhng phn t c mch rt nCH2=CH-CH3 t ,p,xt di v PTK ln. N p trng hp: sgk -Yu cu HS nu khi nim p trng hp, k ca p tr. hp? -GV lu cho HS cc khi nim mi: polime, monome, mc xch polime, 3/ P oxi ha: h s trng hp. a) p oxh hon ton: H7: 15- GV cho HS t vit pthh 3n to ca p chy tng qut, nhn xt t l CnH2n + 2 O2 nCO2 + nH2O mol ca CO2 v H2O. khi anken chy: nCO2 = nH2O b) P oxh khng hon ton: Cc anken u c kh -GV nu hin tng ca p gia nng lm nht dn mu dd KMnO4: anken vi dd thuc tm, vit pthh v 3CH2=CH2 +2KMnO4 + 4H2O lu cho HS y cng l p nhn 3HO-CH2-CH2-OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH. bit anken vi ankan. TQ: 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2H2O IV. iu ch: 1/ Trong phng th nghim: iu ch etilen t ancol etylic: H SO dac, 170oC H8:5 GV gii thiu p2 iu ch C2H5OH CH2=CH2 + H2O etilen trong PTN (hnh 6.3 sgk). Cho 2/ Trong cng nghip: Cc anken c iu ch t HS nhn xt k p v nu cch thu ankan bng p tch hiro: to,xt,p kh etilen? CnH2n+2 CnH2n + H2 -GV ly th d, HS khi qut, vit V. ng dng: (sgk)
+ o o 2 4
30
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
pthh tng qut -Cho HS nghin cu sgk v rt ra nhng ng dng ca anken? H9: 15cng c bi: cu to ca anken, p cng ca anken. BT sgk:
31
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 43:
Kin thc
Bi 30:
ANKAIEN Ngy son: 10/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : nh ngha, cng thc chung, c im cu to ca ankaien. c im cu to, tnh cht ho hc ca ankaien lin hp (buta-1,3-ien v isopren : phn ng cng 1, 2 v cng 1, 4). iu ch buta-1,3-ien t butan hoc butilen v isopren t isopentan trong cng nghip.
K nng
Quan st c th nghim, m hnh phn t, rt ra nhn xt v cu to v tnh cht ca ankaien. Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s ankaien c th. D on c tnh cht ho hc, kim tra v kt lun. Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca buta-1,3-ien. B. Trng tm: c im cu trc phn t, cch gi tn ca ankaien. Tnh cht ho hc ca ankaien (buta-1,3-ddien v isopren). Phng php iu ch buta-1,3-ddien v isopren. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu mt s ankaien v tn gi Cng thc chung ca ankaien v c im cu to (c bit l ankaien lin hp). Tnh cht ho hc ca buta1, 3ien v isopren : Phn ng cng hiro, cng halogen v hiro halogenua, phn ng trng hp to cao su. Phng php sn xut buta1, 3ien t butan v isopren t isopentan trong cng nghip bng cch ehiro ha ankan. Luyn tp: + Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s ankaien v ankin c th (khng qu 5 nguyn t C trong phn t). + Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca buta1,3ien v isopren. III. Tin trnh bi ging: Kim tra bi c:5 1/ Vit cc ng phn v gi tn cc anken c CTPT C4H8? 2/ Vit p cng H2, Br2, HBr, H2O vo propen v p trng hp propen? 3/ Vit pt iu ch etilen tu ancol etylic v t butan? Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn H1: 5-GV ly th d 1 s anken, HS I. nh ngha v phn loi: khi qut a ra cng thc chung v 1/ nh ngha: Ankaien l hirocacbon mch h c iu kin ca ch s n. 2 lin kt i C=C trong ph. t Th d: sgk -GV yu cu HS vit cc CTCT ca -CTC ca cc ankaien l: CnH2n-2 (n 3) ankaien c CTPT C5H8. 2/ Phn loi: C 3 loi: -Cn c vo v tr ca 2 lk i phn - Ankaien c 2 lk i cnh nhau. loi ankaien. V d: anlen -Ankaien c 2 lk i cch nhau 1 lk n c gi l
32
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
H2: 10 GV yu cu HS so snh nhng im ging v khc nhau v cu to ca anken v ankaien. T nhn xt kh nng p. -Ty theo k v t l mol, v nhit , p cng c th xy ra: +t l 1:1: cng 1,2 hoc 1,4. +t l 1:2: cng ng thi vo 2 lk i. -Cng HX: GV lu HS vit sp chnh theo qui tc cng Maccopnhicop.
H3: 15 GV yu cu HS nhc li khi nim p trng hp, k c p trng hp. -Hng dn HS vit p trng hp ca buta-1,3-ien, lu hng trng hp ch yu l 1,4. -Tng t HS vit p trng hp isopren? -Cho HS t vit p chy. 3/ Phn ng oxh: -GV thng bo v p ca buta-1,3-ien a) Phn ng oxh hon ton: v isopren vi dd thuc tm tng t 3n 1 CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n-1)H2O anken. 2 nCO2 > nH2O b) Phn ng oxh khng hon ton: Buta-1,3-ien v isopren cng lm mt mu dd KMnO4 nh anken. III. iu ch: to.xt CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 to.xt CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 H4: 5 Cho HS vit pthh iu ch nh CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 + 2H2 sgk. IV. ng dng: sgk
ankaien lin hp. V d: buta-1,3-ien -Ankaien c 2 lk i cch nhau t 2 lk n tr ln. V d: penta-1,4-ien. II. Tnh cht ha hc: 1/ Phn ng cng: a) Cng hiro: to,Ni CH2=CH-CH=CH2 +2H2 b) Cng brom: 80oC Cng 1,2: CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br 40oC Cng 1,4: CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br Cng ng thi vo 2 lk i: CH2Br-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br c) Cng hirohalogenua: 80oC Cng 1,2: CH2=CH-CHBr-CH3 (sn phm chnh) 40oC Cng 1,4: CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br (sn phm chnh) 2/ Phn ng trng hp: nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 to,p,xt polibutaien to,p,xt nCH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2
H5: 5 cng c bi bng BT sgk
33
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 44:
Bi 31:
Luyn tp:
ANKEN V ANKAIEN Ngy son: 14/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng 1/ Kin thc: - Cng c v tnh cht ha hc ca anken v ankaien. - HS bit cch phn bit ankan, anken, ankaien bng phng php ha hc. 2/ K nng: Rn k nng vit pthh minh ha tnh cht ha hc ca anken, ankaien. B. Chun b: Bng s chuyn ha gia ankan, anken v ankaien. C. Tin trnh bi ging: Kim tra bi c: 1/ Vit cc ng phn v gi tn cc ankaien c CTPT: C4H6, C5H8. 2/ Vit pthh ca p gia isopren vi H2, Br2, HBr, p trng hp buta-1,3-ien v isopren. Bi luyn tp: A. Kin thc cn nm vng: H1: GV hng dn HS k bng n tp li phn kin thc cn nm vng nh sau: Anken Ankaien 1. CTPT chung CnH2n ( n 2) CnH2n-2 (n 3) - C 1 lk i C=C - C 2 lk i C=C 2. c im cu - C ng phn v v tr lk i v - C ng phn v v tr lk i v to ng phn v mch cacbon. ng phn v mch cacbon. - 1 s anken c ng phn hnh hc - 1 s ankaien c ng phn hnh hc 3. Tnh cht ha - P cng: H2, HX, ddBr2 - P cng: H2, HX, ddBr2 hc c trng - P trng hp - P trng hp to,xt ( H2) to,xt ( H2) + H2,to,xt 4. S chuyn ha Ankan Ankaien Anken Ankan + H2,to,xt + H2,to,xt to,xt ( H2) gia ankan, anken v ankaien. B. Bi tp: H2: GV gi HS ln bng gii cc bi tp sgk. Bi 1-sgk: a) CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br b) 3CH3-CH=CH2 + 4H2O + 2KMnO4 3CH3-CH(OH)-CH2(OH) + 2MnO2 + 2KOH Bi 2-sgk: Dn ln lt tng kh trong mi bnh qua dd Ca(OH)2, kh no cho kt ta trng l CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Hai kh cn li ln lt qua nc brom, kh no lm mt mu nc brom l etilen: CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br Bi 3-sgk: 1500oC 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 Pd / PbCO3 C2H2 + H2 C2H4 to Ni,to C2H4 + H2 C2H6 as C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl Bi 4-sgk: 500oC,xt CH3 CH3 CH2=CH2 + H2
34
CH2=CH2 + Cl2 CH2Cl CH2Cl (1,2-icloetan) as CH3 CH3 + 2Cl2 CH3 CHCl2 (1,1-icloetan)
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Bi 5-sgk: A to,xt Bi 6-sgk: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 to,p nCH2 =CH-CH=CH2 (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n Na Bi 7-sgk: A
35
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 45:
Kin thc
Bi 32:
ANKIN Ngy son: 18/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : nh ngha, cng thc chung, c im cu to, ng phn, danh php, tnh cht vt l (quy lut bin i v trng thi, nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng ring, tnh tan) ca ankin. Tnh cht ho hc ca ankin : Phn ng cng H2, Br2, HX ; Phn ng th nguyn t H linh ng ca ank-1-in ; phn ng oxi ho). iu ch axetilen trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip.
K nng
Quan st c th nghim, m hnh phn t, rt ra nhn xt v cu to v tnh cht ca ankin. Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s ankin c th. D on c tnh cht ho hc, kim tra v kt lun. Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca axetilen. Phn bit ank-1-in vi anken bng phng php ho hc. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch kh trong hn hp. B. Trng tm: Dy ng ng, c im cu trc phn t, ng phn v cch gi tn theo danh php thng thng, danh php h thng ca ankin. Tnh cht ho hc ca ankin Phng php iu ch axetilen trong phng th nghim, trong cng nghip. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu dy ng ng v cch gi tn ca ankin. Da vo kin thc ng phn gip HS vit c cu to v tn gi ca mt s ng phn ankin (c < 6 nguyn t C) t cng thc phn t (ng phn mch C, ng phn v tr lin kt i). (Ch lin h cng thc tng qut dn n ng phn ankaien) Tnh cht ho hc ca ankin : + Phn ng cng hiro, cng halogen (clo, brom trong dung dch), cng HX (HBr v nc) theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp. Pd ,t Ni ,t CnH2n2 + H2 CnH2n hoc CnH2n2 + 2H2 CnH2n+ 2 CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2n2Br4 (lm mt mu dung dch brom) CnH2n2 + HX CnH2n1X hoc CnH2n2 + 2HX CnH2nX2 HgSO ,H SO CH CH + H2O CH3CH=O (andehit axetic) 80 C + Phn ng ime ha v trime ha axetilen + Phn ng th bi kim loi nng (Ag) HC CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 Ag C C Ag + 2NH4NO3 R CH + AgNO3 + NH3 R C C C Ag + NH4NO3 + Phn ng oxi ho (chy v lm mt mu thuc tm).
0 0 4 0 2 4
CnH2n2 + (
3n 1 t0 ) O2 nCO2 + (n 2O 1)H 2
(t l mol
2 < 1) C2
Phng php iu ch axetilen: + Trong phng th nghim: CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
36
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
+ Trong cng nghip:
1500oC 2CH4 l lnh nhanh m
C2H2 + 3H2
Luyn tp: + Vit c cng thc cu to ca mt s ankaien v ankin c th (khng qu 5 nguyn t C trong phn t). + Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca buta1,3ien v isopren. + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca mt s phn ng cng, phn ng oxi ho, phn th c th. Phn bit anken vi ankin v ank-1-in vi ank-2-in + Tnh khi lng sn phm to thnh ca phn ng trng hp qua nhiu phn ng ; + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to, gi tn ankin, tnh thnh phn phn trm th tch trong hn hp kh c ankin c th ; III. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php: H1: 7 GV a ra CT ca axetilen, 1/ Dy ng ng ankin: cho HS nu cc CT tip theo v CTC Gm: C2H2(CH CH), C3H4, C4H6 ... CnH2n-2 (n 2), ca ankin c tnh cht tng t axetilen. *Ankin l nhng HC ko no mch h c 1 lk ba trong phn t. -GV yu cu HS vit CTCT cc ng 2/ ng phn:T C4H6 tr i c ng phsan ankin v phn ca C4H6, C5H8, phn loi cc v tr lk ba v v mch C. ng phn. Vd: C5H8 c 3 ankin ng phn. 3/ Danh php: H2: 8 GV a ra CT gi tn thng a) Danh php thng thng: thng v yu cu HS gi tn mt s Tn cc gc HC lk vi C mang ni ba + axetilen cht. Vd: CH CH axetilen CH C-CH3 metylaxetilen CH3-C C-CH2-CH3 etylmetylaxetilen CH3-CH2-CH2-C CH propylaxetilen b)Danh php thay th: Tng t anken ch i ui en thnh in -GV thng bo cch gi tn thay th Vd: CH CH etin (axetilen) ca ankin tng t anken ch i ui en thnh in. Cho 1 s CTCT v yu CH C-CH3 propin CH C-CH2-CH3 but-1-in cu HS c tn. CH3-C C-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3 Cc ankin c dng R-C CH gi l ank-1-in. II. Tnh cht vt l: sgk
H3: 3 GV hng dn HS nghin cu sgk rt ra nhng tnh cht vt III. Tnh cht ha hc: Ankin c 2 lk nn d tham gia p cng. l ca ankin. 1/ Phn ng cng: a) Cng hiro: Ni,to H4: 15 T c im v cu to ca vd: CH CH + H2 CH2=CH2
37
Ni,to
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
anken v ankin, hy d on v tnh CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3 cht ha hc ca ankin? Nu dng xt l Pd/PbCO3 hoc Pd/BaSO4, ankin ch -GV gi HS vit pthhca p cng vi cng 1 ph.t hiro to thnh anken: Pd / PbCO3,to hiro, nu cc k ca p ? Vd: CH CH + H2 CH2=CH2 c tnh ny c dng iu ch anken t ankin. b) Cng brom, clo: qua 2 giai on: Vd: CH CH + Br2(dd) CHBr=CHBr 1,2-ibrometen CHBr=CHBr + Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2 GV hng dn HS vit cc pthh ca 1,1,2,2-tetrabrometan cc p cng, nhn mnh cc k p cc ankin u lm mt mu dd Brom. c cc sp c trng. c) Cng HX(X l OH, Cl, Br, CH3COO ...) Ankin td vi HX qua 2 giai on lin tip. to,xt Vd: CH CH + HCl CH2=CHCl Vinylclorua to,xt -GV hng dn HS vit pthh ca p CH2=CHCl + HCl CH3-CHCl2 cng H2O vo axetilen, propin. 1,1-icloetan *Khi c xt thch hp, ankin td vi HCl sinh ra dn xut monoclo ca anken: HgCl2 Vd:CH CH + HCl CH2=CHCl 150 200oC *P cng HX ca ankin cng tun theo qui tc Maccp-nhi-cp: + HCl + HCl Vd: CH3-C CH CH3-CCl=CH2 CH3CCl2-CH3 -GV lu HS p cng HX, H2O vo * P cng H2O ca cc ankin ch xy ra theo t l mol ankin cng tun theo qui tc Mac-cp- 1:1 HgSO4 Vd: CH CH+H2O [CH2=CH-OH] nhi-cp. Ko bn CH3-CH=O (anehit axetic) d) P ime ha v trime ha: to,xt 2CH CH CH C-CH=CH2 Vinyl axetilen 600oC 3CH CH C6H6 (benzen) botC 2/ P th bng ion kim loi: -T c im cu to ca ankin, GV Vd: CH CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 hng dn HS vit ptp ime ha v AgC CAg + 2NH4NO3 trime ha. CH3-C CH + AgNO3 + NH3 CH3-C CAg + NH4NO3 Nhn xt: Ng.t H lk trc tip vi ng.t C ca lk ba c tnh linh ng cao hn cc ng.t H khc nn c th b H5: 5 GV lm TN C2H2 td vi dd thay th bng ion kim loi.. y l p c trng AgNO3/NH3, HS quan st nhn xt nhn bit ank-1-in vi anken v cc ankin khc. hin tng p? 3/ P oxi ha: -GV vit pthh, gi HS nu nhn xt a) Oxh hon ton: nh sgk
38
3n 1 CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n-1)H2O 2 nH2O < nCO2
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
b) Oxh khng hon ton: Cc ankin u lm mt mu dd thuc tm. -GV cho HS t vit p chy v nhn IV. iu ch: xt v s mol ca CO2 v H2O. CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 (trong PTN v CN) 1500oC 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 (trong CN) V. ng dng: sgk -GV lm TN dn kh C2H qua dd KMnO4, HS nhn xt hin tng? H6: 3 GV hng dn HS vit pthh iu ch C2H2 trong PTN v trong CN -GV hng dn HS tm hiu ng dng ca C2H2 theo sgk. H7: 4 cng c bi
39
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 46,47:
Bi 33:
Luyn tp:
ANKIN Ngy son: 23/1/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng 1/ Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ha hc ca ankin. - Phn bit ankan, anken, ankin bng phng php ha hc. 2/ K nng: - Rn luyn k nng vit ng phn, gi tn v vit pthh minh ha tnh cht ca ankin. - K nng gii cc bi tp v hn hp hirocacbon. B. Tin trnh bi ging: A. Kin thc cn nm vng: H1: GV lp bng sau vi cc trng, HS ln lt in cc thng tin theo mc: Anken Ankin Cng thc CnH2n (n 2) CnH2n-2 (n 2) chung c im cu C 1 lk i C=C C 1 lk ba CC to ng phn ng phn mch cacbon, ng ng phn mch cacbon, ng phn phn v tr lk i, ng phn v tr lk ba. hnh hc. Tnh cht ha -p cng, p trng hp. -p cng v p th ca ankin. hc -p oxh khng hon ton: lm -p oxh khng hon ton: lm mt mt mu dd KMnO4 mu dd KMnO4 ng dng iu ch PE, PP v l ng.liu iu ch PVC, sn xut cao su tng hp ra cc cht hu c buna, l ng.liu tng hp cc cht khc. hu c, axetilen cn dng lm nhin liu S chuyn ha SGK ln nhau gia ankan, anken, ankin. H2: GV hng dn HS gii BT vn dng: Bi 1: C2H2 to kt ta vng nht: CHCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3 C2H4 lm dd brom nht mu: CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br Bi 2: (1) 2CH4 1500 C2H2 + 3H2 oC (2) 2CHCH CuCl CH2=CH C CH , NH 4Cl ,100 oC (3) CH2=CH C CH + H2 Pd / ,to CH2=CH CH= CH2 PbCO 3 to , p , xt (4) nCH2=CH CH=CH2 (- CH2 CH=CH-CH2-)n polibutaien Pd / PbCO 3,to Bi 3: a) CH CH + H2 CH2=CH2 CH2=CH2 + Cl2 CH2Cl CH2Cl b) CH CH + 2HCl askt CH3 CHCl2 1:1 c) CH CH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr CuCl , NH 4 Cl ,100 oC d) 2CHCH CH2=CH C CH CH2=CH C CH + H2 Pd / ,to CH2=CH CH= CH2 PbCO 3 1:1 e) CHCH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr CHBr=CHBr + HBr CH2Br CHBr2 Bi 4: H = 80%
40
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Bi 5: %V: 33,7%C2H2 ; 41,3%C2H4 ; 25%C3H8 %m: 27,9%C2H2 ; 36,9%C2H4 ; 35,2%C3H8 Bi 6: C Bi 7: A
41
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 48: Bi 34: BI THC HNH 4: IU CH V TNH CHT CA ETILEN, AXETILEN Ngy son: 1/2/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : Mc ch, cch tin hnh, k thut thc hin cc th nghim c th. iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen : Phn ng chy v phn ng vi dung dch brom. iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen : Phn ng chy, phn ng vi dung dch brom, vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. K nng S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh c an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trn. Quan st, m t hin tng, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh ho hc. Vit tng trnh th nghim. B. Trng tm iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen ; iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen. C. Hng dn thc hin Hng dn HS cc thao tc ca tng TN nh: + Rt cht lng vo ng nghim + Nh git cht lng vo ng nghim bng cng t ht + Lc ng nghim + un nng cht lng trong ng nghim + t kh sinh ra u ng vut nhn + Dn kh i qua ng nghim c cha cht lng Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn xt Th nghim 1. iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen + kh chy sng xanh u ng vut nhn + Brom b mt mu nu (do C2H4 to ra phn ng vi Br2) + KMnO4 b mt mu tm (do C2H4 to ra phn ng vi KMnO4) Th nghim 2. iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen + kh chy sng xanh u ng vut nhn + KMnO4 b mt mu tm (do C2H2 to ra phn ng vi KMnO4) + c kt ta mu vng (Ag C ) xut hin C Ag III. Tin trnh bi thc hnh: H1: - GV nu mc ch cc TN trong bi thc hnh, nhng yu cu cn t c, lu HS cn thn khi lm TN vi H2SO4 m c, cc TN t chy C2H4, C2H2. - GV biu din cch lp dng c TN t chy C 2H4, C2H2 v lu HS n luyn 1 s ni dung kin thc lin quan n bi thc hnh. H2: Th nghim 1: iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen. HS lm TN: Cho vo ng nghim 1 t ct sch, cho tip vo ng nghim khong 2 ml C 2H5OH khan, v chng 4 ml H2SO4 c, lc u. y ng nghim bng nt c ng dn kh bng thy tinh u vut nhn. Kp ng nghim trn gi. Dng n cn un nng u ng nghim, sau tp trung un phn cha ha cht eens khi hn hp trong ng chuyn thnh mu en, kh etilen c to thnh. t kh sinh ra u vut nhn ca ng dn kh, quan st mu ngn la. Bng tm NaOH
42
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
c c tc dng giu li kh SO2, CO2 l nhng sp ph c to thnh do p ca dd H 2SO4 c vi C2H5OH. Dn kh C2H4 ln lt vo ng nghim cha dd Br2 v dd KMnO4 (hnh 6.2) H3: Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen HS lm th nghim nh hng dn trong sgk. GV c th hng dn HS gii thch: - p to thnh axetilen: CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 Axetilen l hirocacbon khng no nn lm mt mu dd brom. Khi cho C2H2 qua dd AgNO3 trong NH3 thy c kt ta vng nht: C2H2 + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3 H4: Cng vic cui bui thc hnh: GV hng dn HS thu dn dng c ha cht, v sinh phng th nghim. GV rt kinh nghim tit thc hnh, hng dn HS vit tng trnh.
43
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 49:
KIM TRA MT TIT
CHNG 7: HIROCACBON THM. NGUN HIROCACBON TRONG THIN NHIN. H THNG HA V HIROCACBON.
TIT 50, 51: THM KHC. Bi 35: BENZEN V NG NG. MT S HIROCACBON Ngy son: 3/2/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng
Kin thc
Bit c : Tnh cht vt l : Quy lut bin i nhit nng chy, nhit si ca cc cht trong dy ng ng benzen. Tnh cht ho hc : Phn ng th (quy tc th), phn ng cng vo vng benzen ; Phn ng th v oxi ho mch nhnh.
K nng nh ngha, cng thc chung, c im cu to, ng phn, danh php.
Vit c cng thc cu to ca benzen v mt s cht trong dy ng ng. Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca benzen, vn dng quy tc th d on sn phm phn ng. Tnh khi lng benzen, toluen tham gia phn ng hoc thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca cht trong hn hp. B. Trng tm: Cu trc phn t ca benzen v mt s cht trong dy ng ng. Tnh cht ho hc benzen v toluen. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu dy ng ng v cch gi tn ca benzen v ng ng. Hng dn HS vit c cu to v tn gi ca mt s ng phn ankyl benzen (c 7, 8 nguyn t C) t cng thc phn t (ng phn mch C, ng phn v tr nhm th trn vng benzen). Tnh cht ho hc: Gip HS nhn xt mi lin quan gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc ca ankan, anken. T suy ra cc phn ng c trng ca benzen v ng ng + Phn ng th ca benzen v toluen : Halogen ho, nitro ho vng benzen(iu kin phn ng, quy tc th). Phn ng th nguyn t H mch nhnh ca ankyl benzen + Phn ng cng Cl2, H2 vo vng benzen ; (so snh phn ng th vi ankan v phn ng cng vi anken) + Phn ng oxi ho hon ton, oxi ho nhm ankyl nhm cacboxyl Luyn tp: + Vit c cu to ng phn mt s cht trong dy ng ng. + Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca benzen, toluen; Vn dng quy tc th d on sn phm phn ng.
+ Phn bit mt s hirocacbon thm bng phng php ho hc. + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
44
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
+ Tnh khi lng benzen, toluen tham gia phn ng hoc thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ; D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn H1: 2 GV cho HS nghin cu - Hirocacbon thm l nhng HC trong ph.t c cha 1 phn m u rt ra cc nhn xt v hay nhiu vng benzen. c chia thnh 2 loi: hirocacbon thm? + C 1 vng benzen trong ph.t. + C nhiu vng benzen trong phn t. H2: 3 GV: Benzen c CTPT l A. BENZEN V NG NG: C6H6 l cht ng u dy ng I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php: ng, hy vit CT 1s cht tip theo 1/ Dy ng ng ca benzen:Gm: C6H6(benzen), v CT chung cho dy ng ng? C7H8, C8H10... CnH2n-6 (n 6). -GV yu cu HS quan st CTCT ca cc HC thm trong bng 7.1 sgk v rt ra nhn xt v loi ng phn ca HC thm? 2/ ng phn, danh php: a) ng phn: T C8H10 tr i c ng phn v v tr -GV lu cch nh s mch chnh tng i ca cc nhm ankyl xung quanh vng sao cho tng ch s ca nhnh l nh benzen v ng phn v cu to mch C ca mch nht. nhnh. -Ngoi ra cn c th tnh theo v tr o, b) Danh php: m, p. * Tn thay th: -Mch chnh l vng benzen. -GV cho HS gi tn nh bng 7.1 -nh STT mch chnh sao cho tng ch s trong tn sgk. gi l nh nht.
R 1 o m 6 5 4 p 2 3 O m-
-Gi tn: V tr v Tn cc gc ankyl+ benzen *Tn thng thng: mt s cht c tn thng thng. (Xem bng 7.1 sgk) 3/ Cu to: -GV gii thiu 2 CTCT ca benzen, HS nhn xt rt ra c im cu to ca benzen. -GV cho HS c sgk v tnh cht vt l ca HC thm. H3: 30 GV hng dn HS phn tch c im cu to ph.t benzen v ng ng, t xc nh c 2 trung tm p l vng benzen v mch nhnh ankyl. -GV biu din TN sgk, cho HS rt ra II. Tnh cht vt l: sgk III. Tnh cht ha hc:
1/ Phn ng th: a) Th ng.t H ca vng benzen: * P vi halogen:

45
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
BotFe
k ca p gia benzen v brom? Benzen + Br2 Br 2 , Fe (dng giy qu tm t trn ming Toluen ng nghim pht hin hi HBr) -Hng dn HS vit pthh ca benzen v toluen vi brom. * P vi axit nitric: Benzen + HNO3(c) H 2 SO 4 ac Toluen + HNO3 -GV biu din TN benzen p vi HNO3, nh hng dn sgk. HS quan st, nhn xt hin tng p. -GV hng dn HS vit ptp gia benzen v toluen vi HNO3. Nhn xt sp ca p v t rt ra qui tc th. -Nu un hoc chiu sng toluen hoc cc ankylbenzen vi brom s xy ra p th ng.t H ca C mch nhnh tng t ankan. TIT 51: H4: 5 -GV gi , HS vit pthh v ch n k ca p.
* Qui tc th: Cc ankylbenzen d tham gia p th ng.t H ca vng benzen hn benzen v s th u tin hn v tr ortho v para so vi nhm ankyl. b) Th ng.t H ca mch nhnh: VD:Toluen +Br2 to benzylbromua + HBr
2/ Phn ng cng: a) Cng hiro: Benzen + 3H2 to, Ni xiclohexan b) Cng clo: Benzen + 3Cl2 as hexacloran 3/ Phn ng oxi ha: -GV hng dn HS vit pthh ca p a) P oxh khng hon ton: cng vi clo. - to thng, benzen v cc ankylbenzen u khng lm mt mu dd KMnO4, khi un nng th ch c toluen v cc ankylbenzen lm mt mu thuc tm. C6H5CH3 +2KMnO4 to C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + H5: 10 -GV lm TN nh sgk, HS KOH + H2O. quan st hin tng, vit pthh p oxh b) Phn ng oxh hon ton: 3n 3 ko ht toluen. CnH2n-6 + O2 to nCO2 + (n-3)H2O
2
H6: 5 -GV nu cu hi: Stiren c CTPT l C8H8 v c 1 vng benzen, hy vit CTCT ca stiren? -GV yu cu HS nghin cu sgk bit tnh cht vt l ca stiren? H7: 10 -Em hy so snh cu to
B. MT VI HIROCACBON THM KHC: I. Stiren: 1/ Cu to v tnh cht vt l: - CTPT: C8H8 - CTCT: C6H5-CH=CH2 2/ Tnh cht ha hc: a) Phn ng vi dd brom: stiren lm mt mu dd brom: C6H5-CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5-CHBr-CH2Br. b) Phn ng cng H2: + H 2 , Ni ,to , p , xt C6H5-CH=CH2 C6H5-CH2-CH3 , xt +3 H C6H11CH2CH3 (etylxiclohexan) 2,to , p
46
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
phn t ca stiren vi cc HC hc, t , nhn xt v tnh cht ha hc ca stiren? -GV cho HS vit cc pthh?
c) Phn ng trng hp: nC6H5-CH=CH2 to , p polistiren , xt II. Naphtalen: 1/ Cu to v tnh cht vt l: -CTPT: C10H8 - CTCT: Naphtalen c cu to phng.(bng phin) - l cht rn, tan trong benzen v c tnh thng hoa. 2/ Tnh cht ha hc: tng t benzen. a) Phn ng th: xy ra d hn benzen v thng vo v tr s 1.. vd: - th vi Br2, to, xt - th vi HNO3, H2SO4 c, to. Pthh xem sgk b) Phn ng cng: sgk -Naphtalen khng lm mt mu dd KMnO4 k thng. C. NG DNG CA MT S HIROCACBON THM: SGK
H8: 5 -GV a ra CTCT vng ca naphtalen v yu cu HS vit CTPT? -GV lm TN naphtalen thng hoa, HS quan st v nghin cu sgk rt ra tnh cht vt l ca naphtalen. H9: 5 Da trn cu to ph.t ca naphtalen, GV yu cu HS nhn xt v tnh cht ha hc ca naphtalen? -Cho HS vit pthh minh ha?
H10: 2 GV cho HS nghin cu sgk v ng dng ca 1 s HC thm? H11: 3 cng c bi: bng cc BT sgk
47
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 52:
Bi 36:
LUYN TP:
HIROCACBON THM Ngy son: 10/2/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng 1/ Kin thc: - Cng c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca hirocacbon thm. - So snh tnh cht ha hc ca hirocacbon thm vi ankan, anken. 2/ K nng: - Rn luyn k nng vit pthh minh ha tnh cht ha hc ca HC thm. - K nng gii ton v hirocacbon thm. B. Tin trnh bi luyn tp: A- Kin thc c bn: H1: GV yu cu HS rn luyn k nng vit CTCT v gi tn cc HC thm c CTPT C8H10, C8H8: Tn cc nhm amkyl(ch r v tr nhm ankyl) + benzen. nh s th t vng benzen theo ng qui tc. H2: HS vit pthh: - Toluen vi Br2 (bt Fe); HNO3 (H2SO4 c). - Benzen vi H2 (xt: Ni). Etylbenzen vi Cl2 (k as), vi dd KMnO4 (to). - Stiren vi dd Br2. T rt ra tnh cht ha hc chung ca hirocacbon thm: - P th ng.t H ca vng benzen (th halogen, th hiro ...) - P th ng.t H ca nhm ankyl lin kt vi vng benzen. - P cng vi Br2, HBr, H2O vo lk bi nhnh ca vng benzen. - P cng H2 vo vng benzen to thnh xicloankan hoc ankylxiclohexan. - P oxh nhnh ankyl bng dd KMnO4 un nng. H3: GV rn luyn cho HS k nng gii cc BT ha hc v HC thm thng qua vic giao BT cho HS gii, sau cha BT avf cht li kin thc trng tm. B- Bi tp: Bi 1: Mc ch: Rn luyn k nng vit CTCT, tn cc HC thm. n tp, h thng ha cc tnh cht ha hc ca HC thm. - Hopng dn gii: C8H10 vit c 4 CTCT. Bi 2: Mc ch: Phn bit c nhng im ging v khc nhau gia cc HC thm vi nhau v vi cc HC thm khc. Hng dn gii:- Yu cu HS vit CTCT cc cht. - Da vo CTCT xc nh thuc th dng nhn bit: + Dng dd AgNO3/NH3 nhn c hex-1-in. + Dng dd KMnO4 nhn c stiren k thng, nhn c toluen khi un nng. + Khng c hin tng l benzen. Bi 3: Mc ch: Khc su tnh cht ha hc ca HC thm, mi lin h gia cc HC hc vi cc HC thm. Hng dn gii: S p: ,to CH4 1500 C2H2 + H 2 3) C2H4 oC ( Pd / PbCO ,C C2H2 600 oC C6H6 Cl 2,to C6H5Cl Fe, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4 d C6H6 C6H5NO2 Bi 4: Mc ch: rn luyn k nng gii bi ton ha hc. Hng dn gii: - HS vit pthh dng CTPT. - Tm mi lin quan gia cht bit v cht cn tm.
48
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
23,0.227,0 p s: Khi lng TNT l: 92,0 = 56,75 (kg) 23,0.189,0 Khi lng HNO3 p l: 92,0 = 47,25 (kg).
Bi 5: a) Tm CTPT ca X: Ankyl benzen: CnH2n-6:

12n 91,31 = 14n 6 100
N = 7.
Cng thc phn t X l C7H8. b) CTCT ca X: C6H5-CH3: toluen.
49
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 53:
NGUN HIROCACBON TRONG THIN NHIN Ngy son: 10/2/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng
Kin thc
Bi 37:
Bit c : Thnh phn, phng php khai thc, ng dng ca kh thin nhin. Thnh phn, phng php khai thc, cch chng ct, crckinh v rifominh ; ng dng ca cc sn phm t du m. Thnh phn, cch ch bin, ng dng ca than m.
K nng
c, tm tt c thng tin trong bi hc v tr li cu hi. Tm c thng tin t liu v du m v than Vit Nam. Tm hiu c ng dng ca cc sn phm du m, kh thin nhin, than m trong i sng. B. Trng tm: Thnh phn ho hc, tnh cht, cch chng ct v ch bin du m bng phng php ho hc; cch ch bin kh m du v kh thin nhin. C. Hng dn thc hin Dng s , tranh nh gii thiu: + Thnh phn ho hc, tnh cht, cch chng ct v ch bin du m bng phng php ho hc ; + ng dng ca cc sn phm t du m. + Thnh phn ho hc, tnh cht, cch ch bin v ng dng ca kh m du v kh thin nhin. + Cch ch bin, ng dng ca cc sn phm t than m. D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn H1:3 GV yu cu HS nghin cu sgk, I. Du m: cho bit: Ti du l g? c im ti du ra sao? Du m nm trong cc ti du trong lng t. H2: 22 GV yu cu HS tm hiu sgk 1/ Thnh phn: c nhng nhn xt v tnh cht ca -Du m l hn hp ca rt nhiu HC khc nhau, du m? gm: -Nu thnh phn ca du m? +Nhm ankan: t C1 n C50. +Nhm xicloankan: C5H10, C6H2... -GV b sung thng tin tr li cu hi: +Nhm HC thm: C6H6, toluen, xilen, naphtalen... ti sao du m li c mi kh chu v gy hi cho ng c? Ti sao du m min Nam Vit nam li thun li cho vic ch ha v s dng? 2/ Khai thc: - khai thc du m, ngi ta phi lm Bng cch khoan nhng ging du. g? Hin tng no khin ta xc nh c s c mt ca du m? 3/ Ch bin: -Du m mi ly ln t ging du c - Chng ct phn on. gi l du th. Cn phi nng cao gi tr - Ch bin ha hc: pp thng dng l crckinh, s dng ca n bng cch no? rifominh.
50
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
-Rifominh l qu trnh dng xt v nhit lm bin i cu trc HC t mch khng nhnh thnh mch nhnh, t khng thm thnh thm.
H3:15 - Nguyn nhn hnh than m l g? C nhng loi than m no? -Than m nung to cao thu c than cc, nha than v kh l cc. -c im v thnh phn ca kh l cc l g? +Kh l cc l hn hp ca cc cht d chy. +Nha than l cht lng cha nhiu HC thm v phenol. T nha than tch ra c nhiu cht c gi tr nh benzen, toluen, phenol... H4: 5 cng c bi: - C nhng ngun HC no trong t nhin? -Thnh phn, cch khai thc, ch bin du m. - Nu ng dng ca cc ngun HC ?
+ Crckinh: b gy crackinh Vd: C8H18 C4H10 + C4H8 + Rofominh: bin i cu trc. to,xt Vd: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 to,xt C6H14 C6H12 + H2 Xiclohexan to,xt Xiclohexan benzen + 3H2 4/ ng dng: sgk II. Kh thin nhin v kh m du: 1/ Thnh phn: a) Kh thin nhin: C nhiu trong cc m kh -Thnh phn ch yu l CH4 (95%). b) Kh m du: C trong cc m du. - Thnh phn gm c CH4(50-70% th tch) v 1 s ankan khc. 2/ ng dng: Lm nhin liu v nguyn liu. III. Than m: - Than m: c 3 loi chnh: than gy, than m v than nu. nung Than m than cc+nha than +kh l cc. - Kh l cc: gm H2, CO, CH4, CO2, N2, O2... - Nhathan : l cht lng c cha nhiu HC thm v phenol.
51
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 54:
Kin thc
Bi 38:
H THNG HA V HIROCACBON Ngy son: 15/2/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c : Mi quan h gia cc loi hirocacbon quan trng.
K nng
Lp c s quan h gia cc loi hirocacbon. Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din mi quan h gia cc cht. Tch cht ra khi hn hp kh, hn hp lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn. B. Trng tm Mi quan h gia cc loi hirocacbon quan trng. C. Hng dn thc hin Lp c s quan h gia cc loi hirocacbon. Hng dn HS nu c mi quan h hai chiu Tnh cht ha hc Phng php iu ch Luyn tp: + in cht vo s trng + Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din mi quan h gia cc cht. + Phn bit cc hirocacbon. + Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn. D. Tin trnh bi ging: A. H thng ha v hirocacbon: H1: GV k bng nh sgk, cha trng cc gi HS in vo. Ankan Anken Ankin Ankylbenzen CTPT CnH2n+2 (n 1) CnH2n ( n 2) CnH2n-2 ( n 2) CnH2n-6 (n 6) c - Ch c lk n C- -C 1 lk i C=C - C 1 lk ba CC. - C vng benzen. im C, C-H - C ng phn - C ng phn - C ng phn cu -C ng phn mch cacbon mch cacbon. mch cacbon ca to mch cacbon. - C ng phn v - C ng phn v nhnh ankyl. phn tr lk i. tr lk ba. - C ng phn v t - C ng phn tr tng i ca hnh hc cc nhm ankyl. Tnh - k thng, cc hp cht t C1 C4 l cht kh; C5 l cht lng hoc rn. cht - Khng mu. vt l - Khng tan trong nc. Tnh - Phn ng th - P cng (H2, Br2, - P cng (H2, Br2, - P th (halogen, cht (halogen) HX...) HX...) nitro) ha -P tch. - P trng hp. - P th H lk trc - P cng. hc - P oxh - P oxh. tip vi ng.t C - P oxh mch ca lk ba u nhnh. mch. - P oxh. ng Lm nhin liu, - Lm nguyn liu Lm nguyn liu Lm dung mi, dng nguyn liu, dung nguyn liu. mi. B. S chuyn ha gia cc loi hirocacbon:
52
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
H2: GV yu cu HS tm hiu s mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc loi hirocacbon trong sgk v vn dng vit cc pthh minh ha. *Bi tp: sgk Bi 2: a) Dng dd AgNO3/NH3 nhn kh C2H2 Dng dd Br2 nhn C2H4 Dng tn m nhn O2. t chy 2 kh cn li ri dn sp chy qua nc vi trong nhn CH4, cn li l H2. b) Cho hn hp qua dd Br2 d, loi b C2H2 v C2H4. to,xt Bi 3: a) C2H6 C2H4 + H2 to,p,xt nCH2=CH2 (CH2 CH2)n 1500oC b) 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 to,xt 2C2H2 CH2=CH-CCH Pd / PbCO3 CH2=CH-CCH + H2 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 to to,p,xt nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 (CH2-CH=CH-CH2)n Fe c) C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr Bi 5: C
53
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CHNG 8: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL PHENOL

TIT 55: Bi 39: DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIROCACBON Ngy son: 22/2/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : Khi nim, phn loi dn xut halogen, ly th d minh ho. Tnh cht ho hc c bn (phn ng to thnh anken, ancol). Mt s ng dng c bn (nguyn liu tng hp hu c v mt s lnh vc khc). K nng Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc v mt s ng dng chnh. (ch vit phng trnh ha hc vi dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon no c 2 3 nguyn t cacbon) B. Trng tm: Tnh cht ho hc ca dn xut halogen. C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu mt s hirocacbon no v dn xut halogen tng ng km theo tn gi v bc ca mi cht Da vo mi quan h hu c tnh cht iu ch dy tnh cht ha hc: T hai cch to ra dn xut halogen: + Thay th nhm OH trong ancol bng nguyn t halogen + Cng hp halogen hoc hiro halogenua vo anken suy ra hai tnh cht ha hc chnh ca dn xut halogen l: + Thay th nguyn t halogen bng nhm OH + Tch hiro halogenua D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn I. Khi nim. Phn loi: H1:20 Tm hiu khi nim v phn loi 1/ Khi nim: dn xut halogen ca HC. Khi thay th nguyn t H ca phn t hirocacbon bng ng.t halogen ta c dn xut - Hy cho v d v cc p to ra dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon. hal hc? Vd: CH3Cl, CH2=CHCl, C6H5Br - C th thu c dn xut hal ca HC bng nhiu p khc nhau: - GV b sung v h thng li cc p to ra + Th nhm OH ca ph.t ancol bng ng.t hal: dn xut hal. C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O + Cng HX hc X2 vo phn t HC: CH2=CH2 + HBr CH3-CH2Br CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br + Th ng.t H ca HC bng ng.t hal: as CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl 2/ Phn loi: - GV: Cc dn xut hal c phn loi da - Dn xut hal ca HC no mch h:
54
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
vo bn cht ca hal, s lng ng.t hal v CH3Cl, CH2Cl-CH2Cl, CHBr2-CHBr2 c im cu to ca gc HC. - Dn xut hal ca HC khng no, mch h: - Da vo u xc nh bc ca hal? CH2=CHCl - Dn xut hal ca HC thm: C6H5Br; CH3C6H4Br * Bc ca dn xut hal bng bc ca ng.t C lk vi ng.t hal: Bc 1: CH3-CH2Cl Bc 2: CH3-CHCl-CH3 H2:5 Cho HS tm hiu t/cht vt l theo Bc 3: (CH3)3 C-Br sgk. II. Tnh cht vt l: sgk H3:10 - GV m t hoc lm TN, cho HS III. Tnh cht ha hc: xem sgk, HS bit c tnh cht ca dn 1/ P th ng.t hal bng nhm OH: to xut hal. Vd: CH3-CH2-Br + NaOH(long) CH3-CH2-OH + NaBr to - C th nhn bit C2H4 sinh ra trong p TQ: R-X + NaOH R-OH + NaX tch HX bng dd Br2. 2/ P tch hirohalogenua: C2H5OH Vd: CH3-CH2Br + KOH to CH2=CH2 + KBr + H2O IV. ng dng: H4: 5 cho HS tm hiu v ng dng ca 1/ Lm ng. liu cho tng hp hu c: dn xut hal, GV cng cung cp thm mt nCH2=CHCl tng hp PVC tri ca vic s dng cc dn xut hal do CH2=CCl-CH=CH2 tng hp cao su cloropren CF2=CF2 tng hp ra teflon c tnh ca n. 2/ Lm dung mi: 3/ Cc lnh vc khc: sgk H5: 5 Cng c: 1/ Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau: CH3-CH3 CH3CH2Cl CH2=CH2 CH3CH2Cl CH3-CH2OH 2/ un nng hp cht X c CTPT C4H9Cl vi dd KOH/C2H5OH thu c hn hp 2 anken ng phn cu to. Tn ca X l: A. 1-clobutan B. 2-clobutan C. 1-clo-2metylpropan D. tert-butyl clorua
55
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 56:
Bi 40:
ANCOL Ngy son:28/2/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : nh ngha, phn loi ancol. Cng thc chung, c im cu to phn t, ng phn, danh php (gc chc v thay th). Tnh cht vt l : Nhit si, tan trong nc ; Lin kt hiro. Tnh cht ho hc : Phn ng ca nhm (th H, th OH OH), phn ng tch nc to thnh anken hoc ete, phn ng oxi ho ancol bc I, bc II thnh anehit, xeton ; Phn ng chy. Phng php iu ch ancol t anken, iu ch etanol t tinh bt, iu ch glixerol. ng dng ca etanol. Cng thc phn t, cu to, tnh cht ring ca glixerol (phn ng vi Cu(OH)2). K nng Vit c cng thc cu to cc ng phn ancol. c c tn khi bit cng thc cu to ca cc ancol (c 4C 5C). D on c tnh cht ho hc ca mt s ancol n chc c th. Vit c phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca ancol v glixerol. Phn bit c ancol no n chc vi glixerol bng phng php ho hc. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca ancol. B. Trng tm: c im cu to ca ancol Quan h gia c im cu tao vi tnh cht vt l (nhit si, tnh tan) Tnh cht ho hc Phng php iu ch ancol C. Hng dn thc hin c im cu to, phn loi, ng phn v danh php ca ancol: v ancol etylic hc lp 9 THCS nn t cht ny v thm mt s ancol khc (gc khng no, nhiu nhm OH) gip HS t rt ra: + c im cu to: gc hirocacbon + nhm OH Cng thc tng qut : CnH2n+1OH (no, n chc) CnH2n1OH (khng no, mt ni i, n chc), CnH2n+2Ox hay CnH2n+2x(OH)x (no, a chc) + ng phn: mch C, v tr nhm OH Tnh cht vt l v khi nim lin kt hiro + GV cho HS n li kin thc v lin kt hiro hc lp 10 hnh thnh lin kt hiro ca ancol vi ancol v ancol vi nc. + Da vo bng hng s vt l ca mt s ancol (trang 181 SGK) t vn v sao
56
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
nhit si, tnh tan (ca ancol c th) khc nhau? (gi n lc lin kt phn t v yu t lm tng lc lin kt phn t) + Kt lun v nh hng ca lin kt hiro n nhit si v tnh tan Tnh cht ho hc: da vo tnh cht ca ancol etylic hc lp 9 THCS gip HS thy: + Phn ng th H ca nhm OH (phn ng chung ca ancol, phn ng ring ca glixerol); Hng dn HS lm hai TN ny khc su. + Phn ng th nhm OH ancol (to dn xut halogen) + Phn ng tch nc to thnh anken hoc ete ; + Phn ng oxi ho ancol bc I anehit, axit; ancol bc II xeton, Phn ng chy Phng php iu ch etanol v glixerol (hirat ha, ln men, tng hp) Luyn tp: + Vit c cng thc cu to cc loi ng phn ancol c th v gi tn + Vit c phng trnh ho hc cho cc phn ng th, tch, oxi ho, ha este ca ancol v glixerol (thc hin di dng bi tp l thuyt) + Phn bit c ancol no n chc vi glixerol bng phng php ho hc. + Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca ancol D. Tin trnh bi ging: 1/ Kim tra bi c:(5) a)Th no l dn xut hal ca hirocacabon? cho v d? C cc p no to ra dn xut hal ca hirocacbon? b) Vit cc pthh cho dy chuyn ha sau: etan etylclorua etilen ancoletylic etylbromuaetilen 2/ Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn H1: 8 Tm hiu cc N ancol, bc ancol I. nh ngha, phn loi: -GV cho HS vit vi CT ancol( bit v 1/ nh ngha: gii thiu thm). Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c -GV yu cu HS nhn xt im ging nhau nhm hiroxyl OH lk trc tip vi ng.t cacbon v cu to phn t ca cc ancol trn. no. T dn dt HS xy dng N v ancol Cng c th nhn xt: v hnh thc, khi thay th ng.t H ca HC bng OH ta c ancol. *Bc ancol:- GV yu cu HS nu li cch Bc ancol: l bc ca ng.t C lk vi nhm OH xc nh bc ca ng.t C trong ph.t ankan Bc 1: R-CH2OH v xc nh li bc ca ng.t C trong ph.t Bc 2: R1-CHOH-R2 1 vi ankan. Bc 3: R1-COH-R2 -GV hng dn HS thay ng.t H lk vi R3 ng.t C c bc khc nhau bng nhm OH, c cc ancol c bc tng ng, vit CTCT chung ca ancol bc1,bc 2,bc 3. 2/ Phn loi: H2: 7 GV yu cu HS nghin cu sgk a) Ancol no, n chc, mch h: Phn t c 1 tm hiu s phn loi. nhm -OH lk vi gc ankyl: CnH2n+1OH Vd: CH3OH, C3H7OH... b) Ancol khng no, n chc, mch h: Phn t c 1 nhm OH lk vi ng.t C no ca gc
57
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
H3: 5 Tm hiu v ng phn ca ancol. GV hng dn HS cch vit CTCT ca cc ancol ng phn : -Vit mch C ko nhnh, sau gn nhm OH vo cc ng.t C khc nhau trong mch. -GV yu cu HS so snh mch C v v tr OH trong cc CTCT, t gii thiu ng phn mch C, ng phn v tr nhm chc. -GV dn dt HS cch lm thun li to ra CTCT cc ng phn mch C. CTCT cc ng phn v tr nhm chc. H4: 15 Tm hiu v danh php -Tn thng thng: GV nu cch gi tn 2/ Danh php: thng thng, ly vd v cho HS gi tn. a) Tn thng thng: Ancol + tn gc ankyl + ic Vd: C2H5OH: ancol etylic. CH3-CH2-CH2OH: ancol propylic CH3CHOHCH3: ancol isopropylic -Tn thay th: GV nu cch chn mch CH2=CH-CH2OH: ancol alylic chnh, nh s th t, cch gi tn, cho vd b) Tn thay th: v gi HS gi tn. -Chn mch C di nht c cha nhm OH lm mch chnh. -Dnh STT mch chnh bt u t pha gn nhm OH nht. -Gi tn: V tr nhnh+ tn nhnh + tn HC tng ng vi C trong mch chnh +v tr nhm-OH+ol H5: 5 Tm hiu v tnh cht vt l. VD: nh sgk -GV hng dn HS nghin cu sgk tm III. Tnh cht vt l: sgk ng.nhn tonc, tos, tan trong nc ca Nhit si ca ancol cao hn to si ca cc HC ancol u cao hn nhiu so vi cc cht c cng PTK hoc ng phn ete ca n l do ng PTK: gia cc ph.t ancol c lk hiro. =Xt lk hir +Xt nh hng ca lk hiro n tnh cht vt l.
hirocacbon khng no. Vd: CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH=CH-CH2-OH... c) Ancol thm, n chc: Phn t c nhm OH lk vi ng.t C no thuc mch nhnh ca vng benzen. Vd: C6H5-CH2-OH : ancol benzylic d) Ancol vng no n chc: Ph.t c 1 nhm OH lk vi ng.t C no thuc gc HC vng no. Vd: Xiclohexanol e) Ancol a chc: Phn t c 2 hay nhiu nhmOH ancol. II. ng phn, danh php: 1/ ng phn: Ancol no mch h, n chc c ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr nhm chc. Vd: C4H10O c cc ancol ng phn sau: 4 ng phn
58
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
-GV thng bo thm: cc poli ancol nh etylenglicol, glixerol l cc cht lng, snh do c kh nng to lk hiro tt hn ancol n chc c PTK tng ung, nng hn nc v c v ngt. Cc ancol trong dy ng ng ancol etylic u khng mu. Gv cho HS lm bt s1 SGK TIT 85: H6: 3Khi qut tnh cht ha hc ca ancol. -GV cho HS nhc li c im cu to ca ph.t ancol v trn c s t/cht ca ancol etylic t HS c th vn dng suy ra tnh cht chung ca ancol. H7: 10 Nghin cu p th H ca nhm OH -GV m t TN p ca ancol vi Na, ca glixerol vi Cu(OH)2
IV. Tnh cht ha hc: * c im cu to:
H8: 5 P th nhm OH. -P vi ax v c: hng dn HS vit pthh. -P vi ancol: hng dn HS vit pthh.
1/ Phn ng th H ca nhm OH: a) Tnh cht chung ca ancol: Tc dng vi kim loi kim: C2H5-OH + Na C2H5-ONa + 1/2H2 TQ: R(OH)n + Na R(ONa)n + n/2H2 b) Tnh cht c trng ca glixerol: 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O y l p nhn bit ancol n chc vi ancol a chc c cc nhm OH ng cnh nhau trong phn t. 2/ Phn ng th nhm OH: a) P vi axit v c: to C2H5-OH + H-Br C2H5-Br + H2O b) P vi ancol: H 2SO4,140oC C2H5-OH + H-OC2H5 C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2O ietyl ete (ete etylic) 3/ P tch nc:
H 2SO4,170oC CH2CH2 CH2=CH2+H2O H OH y l p iu ch etilen trong PTN. H 2SO4,to TQ: CnH2n+1OH CnH2n+H2O
H9: 5 Ng/cu p tch nc Tch nc to thnh anken: GV yu cu HS ti hin li p iu ch etilen t etanol trong PTN thy c bn cht ca p: Nhm OH ca ancol tch ra cng ng.t H lk vi ng.t C bn cnh to thnh 1 lk i, v s tch nc nh sgk
4/ Phn ng oxi ha: a) P oxh khng hon ton: to VD: CH3-CH2OH + CuO CH3CH=O + Cu + H2O to H10: 10 Nghin cu v p oxh khng CH3-CH-CH3 + CuO hon ton ancol. OH CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O oxh T TN ca CuO vi etanol, cho HS nghin Vy:ancol bc 1 anehit oxh cu sgk thy c s bin i cht hu Ancol bc 2 xeton
59
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
c: ng.t H ca nhm OH tch ra cng Ancol bc 3 khng b oxh ng.t H lk vi ng.t C gn nhm OH to TQ: to thnh lk i C=O, t c th bit c l RCH2OH + CuO RCHO + Cu + do cc trng fhp xy ra p v khng p. H2O to RCH(OH)R+ CuO R-CO-R + Cu + H2O b) P oxh hon ton: Vd: C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O TQ: CnH2n+1OH + O2 c ancol no th nH2O> nCO2 V. iu ch: 1/ Phng php tng hp: a) Cho anken hp nc: H2SO4dac,to C2H4 + H2O C2H5-OH H11: 4 Tm hiu v phng php iu b) Thy phn dn xut halogen trong dd kim: to ch v ng dng. C2H5Br + NaOH C2H5Oh + NaBr -GV yu cu HS c sgk v tm tt cch 2/ Phng php sinh ha: + H2O enzim iu ch, nu ng dng ca ancol. (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 xt,to - Gip HS phn bit c qui m iu ch. C2H5OH VI. ng dng: sgk
H12: 8 cng c ton bi: -GV hng dn tng kt cc ni dung chnh(CTCT, tn gi, tnh cht ha hc) Cu hi trc nghim: 1. Phn trm khi lng ca ng.t C trong ph.t ancol X no n chc, mch h bng 60%. CTPT ca X l: A. CH4O B. C2H6O C. C3H8O D. C4H10O 2. Khi un ancol X vi H2SO4 c thu c anken Y. dY/X = 0,7. CTPT ca X l: A. C2H6O B. C3H8O C. C4H10O D. C5H12O 3. Cho 9,2g hn hp 2 ancol no n chc X, Y tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lit H 2(ktc). Hai ancol l: A. CH4O v C2H6O B. C2H6O v C3H8O C. CH 4O v C3H8O D. C 2H6O v C4H10O Bi tp sgk: Bi 1: 8 ng phn. Bi5: a) %mC2H5OH = 75,4%. C3H7OH = 24,6% Bi6: CTPT: C3H8O Bi 7: 547 lit Bi 8: 4-metylpentan-1-ol Bi 9: C
60
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 57:
Kin thc
Bi 41:
PHENOL Ngy son:5/3/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Bit c :

Khi nim, phn loi phenol. Tnh cht vt l : Trng thi, nhit si, nhit nng chy, tnh tan. Tnh cht ho hc : Tc dng vi natri, natri hiroxit, nc brom. Mt s phng php iu ch phenol (t cumen, t benzen) ; ng dng ca phenol. Khi nim v nh hng qua li gia cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c.
K nng Phn bit dung dch phenol vi ancol c th bng phng php ho hc. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca phenol. Tnh khi lng phenol tham gia v to thnh trong phn ng. B. Trng tm: c im cu to v tnh cht ha hc ca phenol Phng php iu ch phenol. C. Hng dn thc hin c im cu to phenol: T cng thc cu to cua ancol, GV a ra mt cu to m khi thay gc ankyl bng gc phenyl th c tnh cht g khc khng? Dng TN i chng (etanol v phenol) vi NaOH HS thy tnh cht ho hc khc hn. GV ngh HS so snh cu to v rt ra nhn xt phenol c nhm OH kt hp trc tip vi vng benzen (GV a ra mt cu to ca ru thm so snh v phn bit ru thm vi phenol v mt cu to) Tnh cht ho hc: cn phi khc su kin thc nh hng hai chiu ca vng benzen ti nhm OH v nhm OH ti vng benzen (lm mt s TN i chiu to tnh hung) + Phn ng th H nhm OH (tnh axit, tc dng vi natri, natri hiroxit), lin h gii thch v sao ancol khng tc dng vi NaOH? + phn ng th H vng benzen (tc dng vi nc brom), lin h gii thch v sao benzen khng tc dng vi nc brom? + Kt lun v nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t trong phn t Mt s phng php iu ch phenol hin nay (t benzen qua cumen hoc qua dn xut halogen) Luyn tp: + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng gia phenol vi Na, vi NaOH, nc brom. + phn bit dung dch phenol vi ancol c th bng phng php ho hc + Tnh khi lng phenol tham gia v to thnh trong phn ng D. Tin trnh: 1/ Kim tra bi c:5 Vit pthh ca p gia ancol etylic vi: Na, NaOH, HCl, ancol etylic, tch nc. Vit pthh ca p gia glixerol vi Cu(OH)2, cc pthh iu ch ancol etylic. 2/Bi mi:
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Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn H1:10Tm hiu N, phn loi I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI -GV cho HS nghin cu sgk, t rt ra 1. nh ngha:Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c N v phenol. m phn t c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi ng.t cacbon ca vng benzen. -Nhm OH lkt trc tip vi ng.t C ca vng benzen c gi l OH phenol. - Cht tiu biu : C6H5OH gi l phenol -Phn loi: GV hng dn HS cch phn 2. Phn loi: loi phenol tng t phn loi ancol theo - Phenol n chc: c 1 nhm OH phenol. s lng nhm chc. GV gii thiu hp OH OH cht phenol n gin nht: C6H5OH phenol CH3 m-crezol - Phenol a chc: c 2 hay nhiu nhm OH phenol. V d: HO OH CH3 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen II. PHENOL: 1. Cu to: CTPT: C6H6O CTCT: C6H5OH 2. Tnh cht vt l: sgk H3: 15 ng.cu tnh cht ha hc ca 3. Tnh cht ha hc: phenol. a/ Phn ng th ng.t H ca nhm-OH: -P th ng.t H ca nhm-OH: * Tc dng vi kim loi kim: GV dn dt HS so snh im ging nhau C6H5OH + Na C6H5ONa + 1/2H2 v khc nhau v cu to ca phenol v ancol, t d on phenol cng c p th ng.t H ca nhm OH ging ancol: td * Tc dng vi dd baz: vi kl kim. C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O phenol c tnh axit, nhng tnh axit rt yu, khng lm i mu qu tm. Nhn xt: Vng benzen lm tng kh nng p ca ng.t H thuc nhmOH trong ph.t phenol so vi trong ph.t ancol . b/ Phn ng th ng.t H ca vng benzen: C6H5OH +3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr -T cu to ca phenol c vng benzen, Trng d on phenol c p th ng.t H ca C6H5OH + 3HNO3 C6H2(NO2)3OH vng benzen. vng + 3H2O Nhn xt: Ng.t H ca vng benzen trong ph.t H2: 5 Tm hiu cu to, tnh cht vt l ca phenol. -Cho HS nghin cu sgk bit CTPT, CTCT ca phenol.
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Nm hc 2011 - 2012
-GV kt lun v tnh cht v nh hng qua li gia cc ng.t, nhm ng.t trong phn t.
H4: 5 iu ch v ng dng ca phenol. GV hng dn HS nghin cu sgk, sau tm tt cc phung php iu ch v ng dng ca phenol
phenol d b thay th hn ng.t H ca vng benzen trong ph.t cc HC thm. l nh hng ca nhm OH ti vng benzen. nh hng ca vng benzen n nhm OH v nh hng ca nhm OH n vng benzen c gi l nh hng qua li gia cc ng.t trong ph.t. 4. iu ch: Trong cng nghip iu ch phenol t cumen v t benzen. CH2 = CH CH3 *C6H6 C6H5-CH(CH3)2 H+ O2vaddH2SO4 C6H5OH + CH3-CO-CH3 C6H5Br C6H5ONa C6H5OH *C6H6 5. ng dng: sgk
H5: 5 cng c bi So snh ancol v phenol v cu to v tnh cht cht ha hc?
63
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 58,59:
Bi 42:
Luyn tp:
DN XUT HALOGEN-ANCOL-PHENOL Ngy son:9 /3/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng 1/ Kin thc: - Cng c v h thng li tnh cht ha hc ca dn xut halogen v 1 s p2 iu ch. - Mi quan h chuyn ha gia Hc v ancol-phenol qua hp cht trung gian l dn xut halogen. 2/ K nng: - Vit pthh biu din cc p ca ancol v phenol. - Vit pthh ca p chuyn ha t HC thnh cc dn xut. II. Chun b: - H thng cu hi v cc ni dung chnh cn tng kt(CT chung, CTCT, danh php, tnh cht). H thng cu hi lin quan kt ni HC vi ancol. phenol qua dn xut halogen. - HS: n tp, so snh etanol vi phenol v c im cu to v tnh cht ha hc. III. Tin trnh: A. Kin thc c bn: H1: H thng li cc kin thc cn nh. GV chun b bng trng nh sgk, thng qua h thng cu hi, GV yu cu HS ln lt b sung kin thc vo cc trong bng. 1/ Cu trc cu dn xut halogen ca HC, ancol, phenol? 2/ Cch xc nh bc ca dn xut halogen v bc ancol? 3/ Nu tnh cht ho hc ca dn xut , ancol, phenol? 4/ cc phng php iu ch dn xut halogen ca HC, ancol, phenol? Cu trc Bc ca nhm chc T/Cht HO HC Dn xut halogen R-X Bc ca dn xut halogen bng bc ca ng.t C lk vi ng.t halogen. 1. Tc dng vi dd kim: t0 R-X +NaOH dd R-OH + Na X ( Nu R gc khng no tc dng vi H2O khi un nng, nu R gc phenyl khi tc dng vi dd kim k t0caov pcao)
2. Phn ng tch HX to anken:
Ancol R-O-H Bc ca ancol bng bc ca ng.t C lk vi nhm -OH 1. Tc dng vi kim loi kim: R(0H)x+xNa R(ONa)x+ H2 2.Tc dng vi axit v c: R(OH)X+xHA RAX+XH2O 3. P vi ancol to ete: H 2SO4d 2C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5 140oC +H2O 4.P tch nc to anken: SO dac 1700 CnH2n+1OH H 2 4 CnH2n +H2O 4.Phn ng oxihoa: a. phn ng chy : CnH2n+1OH +O2 CO2 + H2O
x 2
Phenol O-H
1. Tc dng vi k loi kim v dd kim:
C6H5OH+Na C6H5ONa +H2 C6H5OH+NaOH C6H5ONa+H2O
(axitphenic khng lm i mu qu tm yu hnH2CO3) C6H5ONa +CO2+H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3 3.Tc dng vi ddbrom,HNO3 *C6H5OH+3Br2 C6H2 Br3OH trng +3HBr 2,4,6 tribromphenol . phn ng ny dng nhn bit phenol
64
CH3CH2Cl + KOH

ancol t 0
CH2=CH2 + KCl+H2O
b. Oxhoa hu hn: 0 RCH2OH+CuO T Cu+H2O +RCH=O(an ehit ) 0 RCH OHR1+ CuO T H2O + Cu + RC =OR1 (xeton). * Vi poliancol c c 2nhm OH hai ng.t cc bon lin tip t/d Cu(OH)2 to dd xanh lam iu -Halogen ho - CnH2n +H2O CnH2n+1OH t0 ch hirocacbon: - R-X +NaOH dd R-OH + Na -ROH+HX RX+ H2O X -.ch etanol t tinh bt H2: Luyn tp v ng phn, tn gi ca ancol v dn xut halogen - Yu cu HS lm BT 1 sgk C4H9Cl: 4 ng phn. C4H10O: c 4 ng phn ancol. C4H8O: c 4 ng phn ancol: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2OH but-3-en-1-ol CH2=CH-CH(OH)-CH3 but-3-en-2-ol CH3-CH=CH-CH2OH but-2-en-1-ol CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH 2-metylprop-3-en-1-ol H3: Luyn tp v tnh cht ca ancol v phenol -Yu cu HS lm BT 2,3,5 sgk
+ H2 + H2O + O2
* C6H5OH +3HNO3 C6H2(NO2)3OH +3H2O Ax picric vng
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
-C6H6 C6H5Cl C6H5ONa C6H5OH -oxh cumen
1500oC Men BT5: CH4 C2H2 Pd / PbCO3 ,to C2H4 H+ ,to C2H5OH CH3COOH + Br2 / Fe + CO 2 + H 2 O + Br2 NaOH C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5ONa C6H5OH Br3C6H2OH
BT6: 66,2% etanol ; 33,8% phenol BT7: A H4:Cng c, dn d: GV tm tt li cc im mu cht trong chng, hng dn HS n tp chun b kt 1 tit
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Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 60: Bi 43: Bi thc hnh 5: TNH CHT CA ETANOL, GLIXEROL V PHENOL. Ngy son:12 /3/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : Mc ch, cch tin hnh, k thut thc hin cc th nghim : Etanol tc dng vi natri. Glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH)2. Phenol tc dng vi NaOH, dung dch brom. K nng S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh c an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trn. Quan st, m t hin tng, gii thch v vit cc phng trnh ho hc. Vit tng trnh th nghim. Vit tng trnh th nghim. B. Trng tm Tnh cht ca etanol; Tnh cht ca glixerol. Tnh cht ca phenol. C. Hng dn thc hin Hng dn HS cc thao tc ca tng TN nh: + Rt cht lng vo ng nghim + Nh git cht lng vo ng nghim bng cng t ht + Lc ng nghim + Cho cht rn vo ng nghim cha cht lng + Bt ming ng nghim v a vo ngn la ri th tay bt ra Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra v nhn xt Th nghim 1. Etanol tc dng vi Natri + Vin Na vo trn, chy trn b mt cht lng, nh dn ng thi c kh bay ln mnh (Na tc dng vi nc gii phng H2) + Khi th tay bt ming ng nghim ra thy c ting n nh (H2 phn ng vi O2 khng kh gy n) Th nghim 2. Tc dng ca glixerol vi Cu(OH)2 + ng th nht, kt ta mu xanh tan dn thnh dung dch xanh m; + ng th hai kt ta khng bin i Th nghim 3. Tc dng ca phenol vi NaOH v nc brom + Mu phenol t tan trong nc nhng tan ngay khi thm dung dch NaOH + C kt ta trng xut hin do phenol tc dng vi Br2 to C6H2Br3OH Th nghim 4. Phn bit ancol, glixerol v phenol + Phng n l thuyt. * C ba cht u tc dung c vi Na gii phng H2 * Ch c mt cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v nc Br2 * Ch c mt cht ho tan c Cu(OH)2 thnh dung dch mu xanh + Cch thc hin:
66
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
* Nh nc brom, cht no to kt ta trng l phenol * Thm kt ta Cu(OH)2 v lc, cht no ho tan kt ta thnh dung dch mu xanh l glixerol. Cht cn li l etanol D. Tin trnh bi thc hnh: H1: GV nu mc ch ca cc TN trong bi thc hnh v lu HS cn thn khi lm TN vi phenol, dd brom. - GV lm mu v hng dn HS quan st, so snh hin tng xy ra khi thc hin TN glixerol, etanol vi Cu(OH)2. -GV lu HS 1 s kin thc c lin quan n cc TN trong bi thc hnh. H2: TN 1: etanol tc dng vi natri. HS tin hnh TN: Cho 1 mu Na bng ht u xanh vo ng nghim kh cha 2 ml etanol khan. Bt ming ng nghim bng ngn tay ci. Quan st hin tng. Khi p kt thc a ming ng nghim li gn ngn la n cn v b ngn tay bt ming ng nghim. Quan st v gii thch cc hin tng. Lu : c etanol khan, GV lm nh sau: ly etanol 96o hoc 99o vo l c nt nhm kn, thm CuSO4 khan (mu trng) vo l, nt kn, khong 4-5 gi, sau gn ly etanol khan lm th nghim. H3: TN 2: Glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 HS thc hin th nghim: Ly 2 ng nghim, mi ng 3-5 git dd CuSO4 5% sau cho tip 2-3 ml dd NaOH 10%, lc nh tip tc nh thm vo ng thu nht 2-3 git glixerol, vo ng th hai 23 git etanol. Lc nh c 2 ng nghim. Quan st cc hin tng v gii thch.. H4: TN3: Phenol tc dng vi nc brom. HS thc hin th nghim: Cho 0,5 ml dd phenol vo ng nghim, sau thm tng git dd brom, ng thi lc nh. Quan st s to thnh kt ta, gii thch. Lu : thc hin TN cn thn, khng dnh brom, phenol ra ngi v o qun. H5: TN 4: phn bit cc dd etanol, phenol, glixerol. - Dng Cu(OH)2 nhn glixerol. - Dng dd brom nhn phenol. - Cn li l etanol. H6: Cng vic cui bui thc hnh: - HS thu dn dng c, ha cht, v sinh phng th nghim, lp hc. - GV rt kinh nghim tit thc hnh v dn d HS chun b cho tit hc sau. - GV hng dn HS vit tng trnh.
67
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
KIM TRA 1 TIT MA TRN KIM TRA 1 TIT LN 4 MN HA 11CB Ni dung Bit Hiu Vn dng Tng Benzen v ankyl benzen 2 1 1 4 Mt s hirocacbon thm khc 1 1 2 H thng ha v hirocacbon 1 2 1 4 Ngun hirocacbon thin nhin 1 1 Dn xut halogen ca 1 1 1 3 hirocacbon 2 2 2 6 Ancol 2 1 1 4 Phenol 2 2 2 6 Tng hp 12 10 8 30
TIT 61:
68
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CHNG 9: ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXILIC

TIT 62, 63: Bi 44: ANEHIT - XETON Ngy son:16 / 3/2012 A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : nh ngha, phn loi, danh php ca anehit. c im cu to phn t ca anehit.
Tnh cht vt l : Trng thi, nhit si, nhit nng chy, tnh tan.
Tnh cht ho hc ca anehit no n chc (i din l anehit axetic) : Tnh kh (tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac), tnh oxi ho (tc dng vi hiro). Phng php iu ch anehit t ancol bc I, iu ch trc tip anehit fomic t metan, anehit axetic t etilen. Mt s ng dng chnh ca anehit. S lc v xeton (c im cu to, tnh cht, ng dng chnh). K nng D on c tnh cht ho hc c trng ca anehit v xeton ; Kim tra d on v kt lun. Quan st th nghim, hnh nh v rt ra nhn xt v cu to v tnh cht. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca anehit fomic v anehit axetic, axeton. Nhn bit anehit bng phn ng ho hc c trng. Tnh khi lng hoc nng dung dch anehit trong phn ng. B. Trng tm: c im cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc ca andehit v xeton. Phng php iu ch andehit v xeton (ch xt anehit no, n chc, mch h ch yu l metanal v etanal v xeton tiu biu l axeton) C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu cng thc, tn ca mt s andehit no, n chc, mch h (bng trang 199 SGK) + Cng thc tng qut: CnH2nO hay Cn1H2n1CH=O vi n 1 (no, n chc) + Cch gi tn: * Thng thng: andehit + tn axit tng ng * H thng: tn hirocacbon tng ng + ui AL c im cu to phn t anehit: HS quan st cng thc c th v rt ra nhn xt: + nhm nh chc, lin kt ha hc trong nhm nh chc, + Trong nhm CH=O c lin kt i C=O gm mt lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn (tng t lin kt i C=C trong phn t anken) nn anehit c mt s tnh cht ging anken Tnh cht ho hc: to,xt + Phn ng cng hiro: R-CH=O + H2 R-CH2OH (ancol bc nht)
cht oxi ha cht kh
+ Phn ng oxi ho (tc dng vi nc brom, dung dch thuc tm, dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac) ; tin hnh TN trng bc vi H-CH=O R-CH=O + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3 R-COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag
cht kh cht oxi ha GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam
69
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
Anehit va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh. Phng php iu ch: + Oxi ha ancol: ancol bc I anehit ; +O + Oxi ha hirocacbon: CH4 H-CH=O ; xt ,t
2 0
CH2=CH2 CH3CH=O ; PdCl ,CuCl ,t Gii thiu mt s xeton c th km theo tn gi Ging vi anehit: xeton cng H2 to thnh ancol bc II
2 2 0
+ O2
R C CH3 + H2 R CH CH3 P O OH
to,xt
Khc vi anehit: xeton khng d phn ng trng bc Luyn tp: + Vit cu to cc ng phn CnH2nO (mch C, v tr nhm chc, loi nhm chc anehit hoc xeton) v gi tn + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc cho phn ng cng, phn ng oxi ha ca anehit, axeton (c th di dng s ). + Phn bit c anehit v xeton bng phng php ho hc; + Tnh khi lng hoc nng dung dch anehit tham gia phn ng. D. Tin trnh bi ging: Hot ng ca thy Kin thc c bn A. ANEHIT: H1:15 Tm hiu v N, phn loi, danh I. nh ngha. Phn loi. Danh php: php. 1/ nh ngha: ah l nhng hp cht hu c -N: GV cho HS nghin cu sgk tm hiu v m phn t c nhm CH=O lk trc tip vi N ah. Cho 1 s CTCT HS la chn ah: ng.t cacbon hoc ng.t hiro. H-CHO; CH3OH; O=CH-CH=O... Vd: H-CH=O; CH3-CH=O; C6H5-CH=O; O=CH-CH=O Nhm CH=O l nhm chc anehit. -Phn loi: HS nghin cu sgk, nu cc tiu ch 2/ Phn loi: ah no, khng no, thm, n phn loi i vi cc th d nu phn chc, a chc. ftrn. - Ah no, n chc, mch h: l hp cht + Tp trung phn th d i vi ah no, mch trong phn t c 1 nhm CHO lk vi gc h, n chc. ankyl hoc ng.t H. Gm H-CHO; CH3CHO, C2H5-CHO... CnH2n+1CHO(n0) hay CnH2nO(n1) -Danh php: t tn ca 1 vi ah no, n chc, 3/ Danh php: mch h c nu trong bng 9.1 sgk, GV a. Tn thay th: hng dn HS rt ra cch gi tn theo 2 cch. -Chn mch C di nht c cha nhm CHO lm mch chnh. -nh STT mch chnh bt u t C ca nhm CHO -Gi tn: v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + al VD: H-CHO CH3-CHO... b. Tn thng thng:
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Nm hc 2011 - 2012
H2: 10 Nghin cu cu to, tnh cht vt l. T c im cu to ca nhm -CHO, GV dn dt HS n cc d on v tnh cht vt l(ko to lk hiro), tos, tan so vi ancol tng ng.
ah + tn ax tng ng VD: sgk II. c im cu to. Tnh cht vt l: 1/ c im cu to: sgk 2/ Tnh cht vt l: sgk
III. Tnh cht ha hc: H3:15 Tm hiu v tnh cht ha hc ca ah. 1/ Phn ng cng hiro: t ,Ni -P cng: Cho HS vn dng p cng hiro, VD: CH3-CH=O + H2 cng HX vo lk i C=C ca anken, nhm xt t ,Ni TQ: R-CH=O + H2 v dn dn quan h 2 chiu: Ah l cht oxh trong cc p trn. Ancol bc 1 anehit. -P oxh: GV hng dn cho HS thy s bin i cu to phn t t ah thnh ax. 2/ Phn ng oxh khng hon ton:
o o
H4: 5 Tm hiu v iu ch, ng dng. -iu ch: GV yu cu HS lin h vi tnh cht ca ancol bc 1 nu c 1 p2 iu ch chung. -HS nghin cu sgk bit c p2 cng nghip hin i iu ch 1 s ah, t axetilen iu ch CH3CHO. -ng dng: GV gii thiu 1 s vt dng lm t nha phenolfomanehit...
TIT 63: H1: 5 Tm hiu v xeton. -HS nghin cu sgk, t bit c N v xeton.
TN: sgk t HCHO + 2AgNO3 +H2O + 3NH3 HCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag t TQ:RCHO+2AgNO 3+H2O +3NH3 RCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag P trn c gi l p trng bc, dng lm gng soi, trng rut phch... t ,xt * 2RCHO + O2 2RCOOH Trong cc p trn. ah ng vai tr l cht kh. Nhn xt: ah va th hin tnh oxh, va th hin tnh kh. IV. iu ch: 1/ T ancol: oxh ancol bc 1 thu c ah tng ng: t R-CHO + CuO R-CHO+H2O+ Cu VD: CH3CH2OH + CuO 2/ T hirocacbon: t ,xt CH4 + O2 HCHO + H2O t ,xt 2CH2=CH2+O2 2CH3CHO HgSO ,80 C C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO V. ng dng: sgk B. XETON: I. nh ngha: Xeton l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm C=O lk trc tip vi 2 ng.t cacbon. -Cch gi tn: tn cc gc HC + xeton. VD:CH3-CO-CH3: imetyl xeton(axeton)
o o o o o o 4 o
71
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
CH3-CO-C6H5 metyl phenyl xeton (axetophenon) CH3-CO-CH=CH2 metyl vinyl xeton. II. Tnh cht ha hc: Ging ah, xeton cng hiro to thnh t ,Ni H2:10GV hng dn HS d on v tnh ancol:R-CO-R+H2 R-CHOH-R cht ha hc ca xeton trn c s nhng im VD: sgk tng ng v cu to ha hc vi ah: c -Khc vi ah, xeton khng tham gia p nhm C=O nn c p cng nh ah. trng bc. III. iu ch: 1/ T ancol: oxh khng hon ton ancol bc 2 thu c xeton: t R-CHOH-R+CuO R-CO-R +Cu+H2O t CH3-CHOH-CH3+CuO CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O 2/ T hirocacbon: Cumen CH3-CO-CH3 IV. ng dng: sgk
o o o
H3: (30)cng c ton bi: Cho HS gii BT 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9-sgk.
72
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
TIT 64,65 :
Bi 45:
AXIT CACBOXILIC Ngy son:22 /3/2012
A. Chun kin thc v k nng Kin thc Bit c : nh ngha, phn loi, c im cu to phn t, danh php. Tnh cht vt l : Nhit si, tan trong nc ; Lin kt hiro. Tnh cht ho hc : Tnh axit yu (phn li thun nghch trong dung dch, tc dng vi baz, oxit baz, mui ca axit yu hn, kim loi hot ng mnh), tc dng vi ancol to thnh este. Khi nim phn ng este ho. Phng php iu ch, ng dng ca axit cacboxylic. K nng Quan st th nghim, m hnh, rt ra c nhn xt v cu to v tnh cht. D on c tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc. Phn bit axit c th vi ancol, phenol bng phng php ho hc. Tnh khi lng hoc nng dung dch axit trong phn ng. B. Trng tm: c im cu trc phn t ca axit cacboxylic. Tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic Phng php iu ch axit cacboxylic C. Hng dn thc hin Gii thiu mt s loi axit: no, n chc, mch h; khng no, n chc, mch h; thm, n chc v axit a chc. Gii thiu mt s axit no, n chc, mch h; (bng trang 206 SGK) + Cng thc tng qut: CnH2nO2 hay Cn1H2n1COOH vi n 1 (no, n chc) + Cch gi tn: * H thng: tn hirocacbon tng ng + ui OIC c im cu trc phn t: + nhm nh chc, lin kt ha hc trong nhm nh chc: c coi l s kt hp ca nhm C=O vi nhm OH. Lin kt O trong phn t axit phn cc hn lin kt O trong phn t ancol H H nn nguyn t H trong nhm COOH linh ng hn nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca ancol. + c lin kt hiro lin phn t khng? mc lin kt so vi ancol? so snh nhit si, tnh tan trong nc gia axit vi ancol c cng s nguyn t C (v cng thc biu din lin kt hiro lin phn t). Tnh cht ho hc : + Tnh axit: trong dung dch axit cacboxylic phn li thun nghch, TN hnh 9.3 SGK cho thy axit cacboxylic l axit yu. * hng dn HS lm mt s TN minh ha tc dng vi qu tm, baz, oxit baz, mui ca axit yu hn, kim loi hot ng mnh. + Phn ng th nhm OH (tc dng vi ancol to thnh este). Phng php iu ch: dng mt s bi tp ch ra mi lin h gia axit vi cc hp cht hc:
73
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
+ Oxi ha ancol, anehit, ankan + Ln men gim + Tng hp metanol vi CO Luyn tp: + Vit cu to cc ng phn axit CnH2nO2 (mch C, v tr nhm chc) v gi tn + Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho cho cc phn ng: tnh axit, to dn xut axit. + Phn bit axit c th vi ancol, phenol bng phng php ho hc. + Tnh khi lng hoc nng dung dch ca axit tham gia phn ng. D. Tin trnh bi ging: Kim tra bi c(5) 1/ Vit cc ng phn anehit v xeton ca C4H8O v gi tn? 2/ Anehit axetic p c vi cht no sau y? vit pthh nu c: Na, NaOH, H 2, ddAgNO3/NH3? Vit pt iu ch CH3CHO? Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Kin thc c bn H1: 5 Tm hiu v N, danh php. I. nh ngha, phn loi, danh php: HS tm hiu theo sgk v theo da vo 1/ nh ngha: Axit cacboxilic l nhng hp cht anehit. hu c m phn t c nhm cacboxyl(-COOH) lk trc tip vi ng.t C hpc ng.t H. VD: H-COOH, C2H5-COOH, HOOC-COOH... 2/ Phn loi: H2: 10 Tm hiu v cch phn loi a. Axit no, n chc, mch h: -T kin thc v cch phn loi ca ah, Ph.t c gc ankyl hoc ng.t H lk vi 1 nhm bng cch tng t, gip HS a ra cch COOH nh: H-COOH, CH3COOH, C2H5COOH... phn loi axit. hp thnh dy ng ng c CTPT -HS t cho v d. T rt ra CTPT ca ax CnH2n+1COOH(n0) hay CnH2nO2(n1). no n chc mch h. b. Axit khng no, n chc, mch h: Phn t c gc hirocacbon khng no, mch h lk vi 1 nhm COOH. VD: CH2=CH-COOH, CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH,... c. Axit thm, n chc: Ph.t c gc hirocacbon thm lk vi 1 nhm COOH. VD: C6H5-COOH, CH3-C6H4-COOH... d. Axit a chc: ph.t c 2 hay nhiu nhm COOH. VD: HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH ax aipic. HOOC-CH2-COOH ax malonic. H3: 10 Tm hiu v danh php ca ax 3/ Danh php: cacboxilic. a. Tn thay th: Axit + v tr + tn nhnh + tn -Cho HS nghin cu bng 9.2 v so snh mch chnh + oic. vi tn ca cc ankan c cng s ng.t C Cch chn mch chnh ging ah. suy ra ng.tc gi tn theo danh php VD: CH3COOH ax etanoic. thay th. Yu cu HS thuc tn thng HOOC-COOH ax etanioic (ax oxalic) ca 1 vi ax n gin. CH2=CH-COOH ax propenoic(ax acrylic) b. Tn thng thng: 1 s ax c tn thng thng
74
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
H4: 5 Nghin cu cu to phn t ca axit. -Trn c s sgk, HS thy trong nhm chc-COOH c nhm OH, t d on gia cc ph.t c th to c lk hiro tng t ancol. H5:5Nghin cu tnh cht vt l. Cho HS nghin cu sgk ri rt ra nhng tnh cht vt l ca axit. H6:5 cng c sau tit 1 bng BT s 1 sgk. TIT 65: H7: 5 Nghin cu tnh cht phn li ko hon ton ca ax cacboxilic. -Qua hnh v 9.3 trong sgk, gv dn dt HS so snh nng ca ion H+ trong 2 dd HCl 1M v CH3COOH 1M, t suy ra kh nng phn li khng hon ton ca ax cacboxilic. H8:10 Xt 1 s p ca axit -HS nghin cu ni dung sgk, sau vn dng vit cc pthh minh ha tnh cht ca axit cacboxilic.
II. c im cu to: - C = O OH Nhm COOH gm 1 nhm C=O v 1nhm OH, do nh hng ca nhm C=O ht in t mnh nn H trong nhm OH ca ax linh ng hn trong ancol. III. Tnh cht vt l: sgk Tos ca ax cao hn nhit si ca ancol tng ng do giua cc ph.t ax c lk hiro bn hn lk hiro gia cc ph.t ancol. IV. Tnh cht ha hc: 1/ Tnh axit: a.Trong dd, ax cacboxilic phn li thun nghch VD: CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO Dd ax cacboxilic lm qu tm ha . b. Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz to thnh mui v nc: VD: CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COOH + Zn c. Tc dng vi mui: CH3COOH + CaCO3 d. Tc dng vi kloi ng trc H to thnh mui v gii phng hiro: CH3COOH + Zn, Al, Na... 2/ P th nhm OH(p este ha): t ,H RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O VD: CH3-COOH + C2H5H c im ca p este ho l thun nghch v cn axit H2SO4 c lm cht xt. V. iu ch: 1/ P2 ln men gim: mengiam C2HOH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O. 2/ Oxh anehit axetic: xt CH3CHO + 1/2O2 CH3COOH xt RCHO + 1/2O2 RCOOH 3/ Oxh ankan: -Oxh butan thu c ax axetic: xt 2CH3CH2CH2CH3 +5O2 180 C,50atm 4CH3COOH + 2H2O -Oxh khng hon ton cc ankan c mch C di tng hp cc ax c PTK ln:
o + o
H9: 5 Nghin cu p este ha -GV biu din TN, HS nhn xt s bin i cc cht qua hin tng quan st c(s tch lp ca cht lng sau khi p, mi thm...) Lu : c im ca p l thun nghch. v cn H2SO4 c lm xt. H10:10 Tm hiu mt s p2 iu ch v ng dng cu axit axetic. -GV gii thiu cc phng php iu ch theo sgk
75
t o ,xt
Nm hc 2011 - 2012
2RCH2CH2R + 5O2 2RCOOH +2RCOOH + 2H2O 2 4/ T metanol: (p hin i) t ,xt CH3OH + CO CH3COOH +O + CO CH4 CH3OH CH3COOH VI. ng dng: sgk
o 2
H11:15cng c ton bi: BT sgk
76

Giao An Hoa Huu Co 11

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Giao An Hoa Huu Co 11

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Gio n ha hc lp 11 c bn Ha hu c

M U V HA HC HU C Ngy son: 13/11/2011

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

H N NH3 chun ....

44,0 m H O .2,0 mH = 18,0 VN .28,0 mN = 22,4

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

t chy tng qut: CxHyOzNt + (x+ - )O2 xCO2

H5: cng c: 5 GV n li cc CT tnh M - BT 3/95 sgk

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C Ngy son:

6/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng

II. Thuyt cu to ho hc 1. Ni dung a) Lun im 1: -Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn

- Chun b ni dung phn cn li bi hc.

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

H8: 20 Cng c ton bi: BT 1,2,5,6,7-sgk.

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

PHN NG HU C Ngy son:

18/11/2011 A. Chun kin thc v k nng

Bit c : S lc v cc loi phn ng hu c c bn : Phn ng th, phn ng cng, phn ng tch.

Hot ng 2: 10 P cng Gio vin a ra cc th d. Vy p cng l g ?

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

CH2=CH2 + H2O Th d 2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

Phn tch nh lng

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

74,16 7,86 17,98

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

TIT 34, 35:

N TP HC K I Ngy son: 5/12/2011

2. Hp cht a. Hp cht vi hiro NH3 c tnh baz yu v tnh kh.

b. Oxit Oxit cacbon CO c tnh kh mnh CO2 c l oxit axit SiO2

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.

Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

Cho HS t nghin cu bc ca ng.t C, ch ra bc C trong cc ph.t vit trn.

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

as CHCl3 + Cl2 CHCl4 + HCl

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

III.iu ch v ng dng 1/. iu ch :

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

XICLOANKAN Ngy son: 28/12/2011

A. Chun kin thc v k nng

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

Luyn tp: ANKAN V XICLOANKAN Ngy son: 10/1/2012

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

Dn kh metan vo dung dch thuc tm.

c) Khng c hin tng g CH4 khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4.

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

ANKAIEN Ngy son: 10/1/2012

H5: 5 cng c bi bng BT sgk

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

ANKEN V ANKAIEN Ngy son: 14/1/2012

GV: Nguyn th Anh Tho Trng THPT L Qu n, Qung Nam

ANKIN Ngy son: 18/1/2012

+ Trong cng nghip:

1500oC 2CH4 l lnh nhanh m

3n 1 CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n-1)H2O 2 nH2O < nCO2