Ng c do Histamin trong c bin

ng lc: 29-11-2011 Vit bi: admin

Histamine l mt amin sinh hc, cng thc hoa hoc la C5H9N3. C tnh ht nc, chiu c nhit cao ma khng bi pha huy v lin quan trong h min dch cc b cng nh vic duy tr chc nng sinh l ca rut v hot ng nh mt cht dn truyn thn kinh. Histamine trong c th c tm thy cc ht trong t bo bch cu mast hoc bch cu i kim (tp trung nhiu mi, ming, chn; b mt ni m c th, v thnh mch mu); cc t bo i Chrom ca nim mc d dy va nhng t bo mt vi t chc nh no. Histamine b phn hu bi Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, Histamine-N-methyltransferase v Diamine oxidase. Ch n nhiu a-xt folic v Niaxin c th lm tng nng Histamine trong mu v tng gii phong Histamine, hoc L- histidine trong c th ngi.

Trong t nhin, Histamine c tao thanh t kt qua cua s chuyn ha t Histidine thnh Histamine bi Histidine decarboxylase. Ng c thc phm do n thc n ch bin t c cha Histamine cao xy ra rt nhiu nc v c pht hin u tin c ng, c nc, c thu... Nguyn nhn ng c thc phm do s chuyn ha t Histidine thnh Histamine trong thc n chn. Tc dng sinh hoc cua Histamine biu hin khi Histamine kt hp vi cc th th Histamine trn cac t bo c hiu. C 4 loi th th Histamine c bit n la H1, H2, H3, H4 nhng hin mi bit y u c thu th H1 va H2. - Th th H1: t chc c trn, ni mc, v h thn kinh trung ng. Histamine tac ng gy hiu ng co tht c trn kh qun rut nhng lm gin c trn mch mu, tng tnh thm mao mch gy ph n, kch thch tn cng dy thn kinh gy au v gy nga; co th gy ra cc hi chng vim mi d ng v bnh tiu chy - Th th H2: c cc t bo nh thnh d dy. Histamine gy tng tit acid dch v, co th gy vim lot d dy - t trng. Ng c thc phm do n phi mt lng thc n co cha ham lng Histamine cao vt mc c th chp nhn c. Ngi c c a d ng th ch cn n mt lng thc n co cha ham lng nh Histamine a gy ra d ng. c t Histamin trong ca bin So vi cc loi tht gia sc, gia cm, thit c c bn c hc km hn, d b nhim vi sinh vt. Ngoi cc yu t h hng cc cht m, bt, ng, to thnh cc axit hu c nh Amoniac, Indol, Scatol... gy ra cc mi hi thi, to ra cc mu xanh lc, nu, en ca bin. Histamine c hnh thnh do vi sinh vt pht trin sn sinh ra enzym v tc ng gy chuyn acid amin Histidine thnh Histamine trong c nh vi khun Enterobacteriaceae; Morganella morganii... Vi khun Morganella morganii l loi co kha nng to ra Histamine nhiu nht. Histamin c c tnh chu nhit, thm ch khi c nu chn cng khng b ph hy. V vy, nu c bin c cha lng Histamine cao vn khng mt i trong qu trnh un nu. c tinh cua Histamine phu thuc va tng lng Histamine n phi. Nu lng n vo t 8 mg - 40 mg Histamine, ngi nhy cm s b chy nc mt, nc bt; nu lng n vo t 1.500 mg 4.000 mg, ngi n c biu hin nh nhc u, au bng, tiu chy, mch nhanh, kh th, ni ban... Chn oan va x tri ng c thc phm do Histamine Chn oan C th ngi chp nhn hm lng Histamine nht nh m khng gy ra phn ng no do Histamine c enzym phn huy. Ch khi hm lng Histamine trong thc n qu cao hoc enzym phn huy Histamine trong c th b c ch th Histamin mi c kh nng gy ra c tinh. Ng c Histamine l do n phi cc loi c km ti c c tht mu nh c ng, c thu, c nc, c trch... Bnh thng xy ra nhanh t mt n vi gi sau khi n. Triu chng lm sang thng xut hin: - Mt thng , mt o. Kho th do ph n v co tht kh qun. - Ni mn , nga, co th pht ban ngoi da. - Cm gic nng ran trong ming, tng tit nc bot, kch thch tit dch v ca d dy, gy bun nn, nn, tiu chy.

- Mach nhanh, h huyt p do gin mch. - C th Histamine nh hng trc tip ln h thn kinh, gy ra biu hin nn nao, chong mt, au u... X ly - Giam sat phat hin sm nhng bnh nhn co biu hin di ng sau khi n ca bin t mt n vi gi. T vn kip thi cho ngi bnh tranh gy lo lng, ht hoang v tm ly. Nhanh chong n c s y t cp cu, iu tri kip thi. - Trng hp biu hin nh: d ng ngoi da, ri lon tiu ho cn s dng thuc khng Histamine (Clorpheniramin hoc Claritin, Telfat...). - Trng hp biu hin nng: mch nhanh, huyt p tt, xut tit, kho th cn nhanh chng c hi sc, cp cu truyn dch b nc v in gii va s dung thuc khang Histamine, Corticoid. Nu nng cn chuyn bnh nhn n khoa chng c khm v iu tr. Bin php phng nga ng c do c t Histamin trong ca bin (1) Tuyn truyn giao duc, ph bin kin thc: - Cho cng ng trong vic phong chng ng c thc phm do Histamine. Bit cach la chon, s ch, ch bin thc n t ca bin hp v sinh an toan thc phm (Ca c bao quan trong nhit lanh, ca con ti, tht c chc, mt trong, mang , ct ra cn mu ti, bng c cn kn, vy c dnh chc vo thn, mi tanh nh v gi mu xm c trng cua ca, c ra sach, ch bin phi m bo nhit theo quy nh, nu c chn k ) v kt qu kim nghim ch tiu Histamine trong c phi di 200 mg/kg. i vi nhng ngi c c a d ng khuyn co nn thn trong khi n c bin khng b d ng khi n. - Cho ng dn, ngi kinh doanh v vic bo qun trong anh bt, kinh doanh va tiu dung i vi cc loi c bin, c bit l c ng, c nc, c thu... m bo nhit lnh trong sut qua trinh nh bt, vn chuyn, bo qun, kinh doanh va trc khi ch bin i vi cc loi c bin. (2) Tp hun, ao tao nhn vin y t cac tuyn nng cao nng lc h thng y t trong vic chn oan, cp cu va iu tri ng c thc phm do do n thc n cha hm lng Histamine cao. (3) i vi bp n tp th phai tun thu y u cac quy inh v sinh an toan thc phm mi c hoat ng. Thc hin kim thc ba bc, lu mu thc phm theo quy inh, c bit khi s dung nguyn liu ch bin t ca, hai san ng lanh.

TAI LIU THAM KHAO Vu Vn inh, 2007 1. Cp cu ng c, NXB Y hoc, Ha Ni, 2007. B Thy sn, 2003 2. m bo cht lng thy sn, NXB Nng nghip, Ha Ni, 2004. B Thy sn, 2004 3. C ti cht lng v cc bin i v cht lng, NXB Nng nghip, Ha Ni, 2004. J. A. Henry and H.M. Wiseman, 1997 4. Management of poisoning, WHO, Geneva, 1997