September 2011

Trang 1
LangQuang.YDS


KHI A-2007 M 182

Gii
Ta c:
m
bnh tng
= m
X
= 6,7 gam
n
X
= 0,2 mol
2
Br
n
phn ng
= 0,35
n
X
<
2
Br
n < 2n
X
X chc chn c 1 ankin, hirocacbon cn li c th l anken hoc ankan.
TH
1
: X gm 1 anken (a mol) + 1 ankin (b mol)

n 2n 2 n 2n 2
n' 2n'-2 2 n' 2n'-2 4
C H + Br C H Br
a a
C H + 2Br C H Br
b 2b

Ta c:
a + b = 0,2 a = 0,05
a + 2b = 0.35 b = 0,15

m = 6,7 gam 14na + (14n'-2)b = 6,7
X
0,7n + 2,1n' = 7 n + 3n' = 10

Chn n = 4 v n = 2 (X): C
2
H
2
+ C
4
H
8

TH
2
: loi

Gii

3
3
HNO
2 2 4 3
HNO
2 4
2FeS Fe (SO )
0,12 0,06
Cu S 2CuSO
a 2a

Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t:
2-
4
S
SO
n = n = 0,24 + a

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch:

3+ 2+ 2-
4
Fe Cu SO
3n + 2n = 2n = 3.0,12 + 2.2a = 2.(0,24 + a)
a = 0, 06 mol

GII BI TP TRONG CC THI I HC T NM 2007 N NM 2011

September 2011
Trang 2
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

Cng thc amin n chc: C
x
H
y
N
2 x y 2
N C H N N
n = 0,0625 n = 2n = 0,125
2
CO
n = 0,0625 s C =
2
CO
X
n
n
= 2
Lu :
A. t chy hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
(khng cha N):
1. Ankan hay hp cht c lin kt n:
C
n
H
2n + 2
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n + 1)H
2
O

2
2 2 n 2n+2
2
C H O
H O
O
O C C H
n < n
n - n = n

2. Anken hay hp cht c 1 lin kt (1 vng):
C
n
H
2n
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
2 2
CO H O
n = n
3. Ankin ankaien hay hp cht c 2 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 2
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 1)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-2
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = n

4. Hp cht c 3 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 4
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 2)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-4
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = 2n

5. Hp cht c 4 lin kt (aren):
C
n
H
2n 6
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 3)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-6
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = 3n

B. t chy hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N
t
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
:
1. Amin n chc no:
C
n
H
2n + 3
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n +
3
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n+3
CO H O
H O CO C H N
n < n
n - n = 1,5n

September 2011
Trang 3
LangQuang.YDS

2. Amin n chc khng no c 1 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n + 1
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n +
1
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n+1
CO H O
H O CO C H N
n < n
n - n = 0,5n

3. Amin n chc khng no c 2 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 1
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n -
1
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n-1
CO H O
CO H O C H N
n > n
n - n = 0,5n

C. t chy hn hp hai hirocacbon bt k:
- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n > n
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 ankan
1 ankan + 1 anken
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x > y)

- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n n =
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 anken
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin-ankadien (y mol) (x = y)

- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n < n
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 ankin
1 anken + 1 ankin
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x < y)

S dng s liu CO
2
v H
2
O sau phn ng t chy suy ra cc d kin sau:
- So snh ln nh v s mol xc nh loi lin kt trong hp cht hu c.
- Trong 3 i lng s mol CO
2
, s mol H
2
O, s mol hp cht hu c, nu bit 2 th ta tm
c i lng cn li.
- Lp t l
C
H
n
n
suy ra cng thc thc nghim ca hp cht hu c.
- Xc nh s C hoc H trung bnh theo cng thc:
S
2
CO
hchc
n
C =
n
hoc S
2
H O
hchc
2n
H =
n

- Bo ton nguyn t C v H, suy ra khi lng hirocacbon.
September 2011
Trang 4
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

2
1
ROH + Na RONa + H
2

p dng LBTKL:
2
H ancol Na
m = m + m - m
cht rn
= 0,3

2
ancol H
n = 2n = 0,3
ancol
2 5 3 7
15,6
46 (C H OH) < M = = 52 < 60 (C H OH)
0,3
(do ng ng lin tip)
Lu : Ancol tc dng vi Na

Na
n 2
n
R(OH) H
2
vi n l s nhm chc
Cng thc tnh s nhm OH hay s H linh ng
S nhm OH (H) =



Dng xc nh s nhm chc OH trong ancol hoc COOH trong axit khi cho tc dng vi
Na.
Trng hp thng gp:
2
H
n = n
cht hu c
cht c 2 nhm OH hoc 2 nhm COOH

Gii
Cho t t HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c ln lt cc phn ng xy ra

+ 2- -
3 3
+ -
3 2 2
H + CO HCO
b b b
H + HCO CO + H O
(a - b) (a - b)

Khi cho d Ca(OH)
2
vo X thy xut hin kt ta trong X cn
-
3
HCO
V = 22,4(a b)
Lu : Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c ln lt cc phn ng nh trn,
nhng khi cho ngc li ta ch c mt phn ng duy nht
2H
+
+
2-
3
CO CO
2
+ H
2
O
September 2011
Trang 5
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Thu phn lipit thu c 2 loi axit bo:
Lipit: RCOO-C
3
H
5
-(OOCR)
2

Ta c: n
glixerol
= n
lipit
= 0,5
M
lipit
= 888
Chn : C
17
H
35
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH
Lu :
Cn thuc lng M ca Tristearin: M = 890 (lipit no) lm chun
M
lipit
gim 2 trong lipit c 1 gc axit bo khng no c 1t

Gii

(
2
CH -CHCl )
2
2k 3k k
Cl
2k 3k-1 k+1 k
C H Cl
C H Cl + HCl

35,5(k + 1)
%Cl = = 0,6396
62,5k + 34,5
k = 3
V d: Cao su lu ho c 2% S v khi lng, c bao nhiu mc xch isopren c 1 cu ni
isunfua (-S-S-). Gi thit rng cc S thay th cho H cu metylen ca cao su.
A.23. B. 46. C. 45. D. 40.
Gii

(
2 3 2
CH C(CH )=CH-CH )
n
+ 2S (
3 2
S-CH-C(CH )=CH-CH -S)n

64
%S = = 0,02
68n - 2 + 64
n = 46

Gii:
X, Y, Z l ng ng (hn km nhau 1 nhm CH
2
) nn:

Y X
Z X X X X
Z X
M M 14
M M 28 M 28 2M M 28
M 2M
= +

= + + = =

M
Y
= 42 (C
3
H
6
)
September 2011
Trang 6
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
O + Ca(OH)
3 6 2 3
C H 3CO 3CaCO
0,1 mol 0,3 0,3
+



m = 30 gam

Gii
Phng trnh cho nhn e:

+5 +2 +
N + 3e N Ag Ag + 1e
0, 3 0,1 0,3 0,3

n
Ag
= 0,3mol
TH
1
: RCHO 2Ag
n
X
= 0,15 M
X
= 44 (CH
3
CHO)
TH
2
: RCHO 4Ag
n
X
= 0,075 M
X
= 88 (loi)

Gii
n
Ag
= 0,4 = 4n
X
X c th l HCHO hoc X c 2 chc CHO loi B, D.
n
Na
= 0,2 = 2n
Y
X c 2 chc CHO Chn C

Gii
Ton CO
2
, SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch kim
1. CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH
KOH
:
t:
2
NaOH
CO
b
a
n
T = =
n

TH
1
: T 1 CO
2
d to mui NaHCO
3

TH
2
: T 2 NaOH d to mui Na
2
CO
3

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
3 2 3 2
CO NaOH NaHCO
a a a
NaHCO NaOH Na CO H O
b a b a b a
+

+ +

September 2011
Trang 7
LangQuang.YDS



2 3
3
Na CO
NaHCO
n = b - a
n = a - (b - a) = 2a - b

2. CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
2
2
( )
( )
Ca OH
Ba OH
:
t:
2
2
CO
Ca(OH)
n
a
T = =
n b

TH
1
: T 1 Ca(OH)
2
d to mui CaCO
3

TH
2
: T 2 CO
2
d to mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
2
2 3 2 3
2
CO Ca OH CaCO H O
b bb
CO CaCO H O Ca HCO
a b a b a b
+ + +

+ +

3 2
3
Ca(HCO )
CaCO
n = a - b
n = b - (a - b) = 2b - a

3. CO
2
tc dng vi hn hp dung dch
NaOH
KOH
v
2
2
( )
( )
Ca OH
Ba OH
:
t:
-
2
OH
CO
b
T = =
n a

TH
1
: T 1 CO
2
d to mui HCO
3
-

TH
2
: T 2 OH
-
d to mui CO
3
2-

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2
3 3 2
CO OH HCO
a a a
HCO OH CO H O
b a b a b a


+

+ +

(S ln S b)
(2S b S ln)
(2S b S ln)
(S ln S b)
September 2011
Trang 8
LangQuang.YDS


2-
3
-
CO
HCO3
n = b - a
n = a -(b - a) = 2a - b

Lu :
- Tnh lng kt ta sinh ra phi da trn
2-
3
CO
n so vi
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
:
- Nu
2-
3
CO
n <
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
n =
2-
3
CO
n
- Nu
2-
3
CO
n >
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
n =
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba

- Thng thng ch cn nh TH
3
th c th p dng tng qut cho hai trng hp trn.
- Ton SO
2
cng thc tnh tng t.
Gii
Ta c:

2
2
2
3
3
CO
Ba(OH)
BaCO
CO
n = 0,12 mol
n = 2,5a mol
n = n = 0,08 mol

3 2
BaCO CO
n < n Xy ra hai trng hp
Theo cng thc, ta c:

3 2 2
BaCO Ba(OH) CO
n = 2n - n 2.2,5a - 0,12 = 0,08

=
a = 0, 04 mol


Gii
IN PHN
in phn dung dch:
- Catot cc (-): cc cho e cation tin v nhn e
- C mt cc cation kim loi M
n+
v H
+
(do nc hoc axit in li).
- Th t nhn electron:
K
+
< Ca
2+
< Na
+
< Mg
2+
< Al
3+
< H
2
O < Mn
2+
< Zn
2+
< Cr
3+
< Fe
2+
< Ni
2+
< Sn
2+
< Pb
2+
<
Fe
3+
< H
+
(axit) < Cu
2+
< Ag
+
< Hg
2+
< Pt
2+
< Au
3+


Quy lut: Cht no c tnh oxi ho mnh s b kh trc
- Ion kim loi mnh t Al
3+
tr v trc thc t khng in phn, thay vo l nc in
phn.
(2S b S ln)
(S ln S b)
September 2011
Trang 9
LangQuang.YDS


-
2 2
2H O + 2e 2OH + H
- Kim loi tip theo b kh theo phng trnh:
M
n+
+ ne M
- anot cc (+): cc nhn e
C mt cc anion gc axit hoc OH
-
(do nc hoc baz in li).
Th t nhng electron:
Kim loi lm in cc > S
2-
> I
-
> Br
-
> Cl
-
> OH
-
(baz) > H
2
O > Gc axit c oxi (SO
4
2-
,
NO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
,F
-
)
Quy lut:Cht c tnh kh mnh s b oxi ho trc.
- Cc anion SO
4
2-
, NO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
, SO
3
2-
, PO
4
3-
, F
-
,thc t khng in phn, thay vo
nc s in phn.
- Cc dng khng phi l in cc tr (than ch, Pt) th s b in phn trc tin ti cc
dng (hin tng dng cc tan). Khi cc dng b tan dn, cc m c bi p
dn bi kim loi do cc dng tan ra. y l hin tng xy ra khi m, trng kim loi.
- Thc t anion gc axit c oxi khng b in phn, thay vo nc s b in phn (b
oxi ho)

+
2 2
1
H O 2H + O + 2e
2

Cng thc Faraday:

A It
m = .
n F

Hoc dng cng thc tnh s mol kh thot ra mi in cc:
It
n =
96500n

Trong :
A: nguyn t khi.
n: s e tham gia phn ng in cc.
I: cng dng in.
t: thi gian in phn.
F: s Faraday ph thuc vo t.
Nu t(s) F = 96500.
Nu t(h) F = 26,8.
Cc kiu mc bnh in phn:
1. Mc ni tip:
- Cng dng in qua mi bnh l bng nhau.
- S thu v nhng e cc in cc cng tn phi nh nhau cc cht sinh ra cc in
cc cng tn phi t l mol vi nhau.
V d:
September 2011
Trang 10
LangQuang.YDS

Bnh 1: catot
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
x 2x
Bnh 2: catot
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
y y
y = 2x
2. Mc song song:
Cng dng in I qua n bnh bng
I
n
.
in phn nng chy
C 3 loi hp cht in phn nng chy:
1. Oxit kim loi:
M
x
O
y

dpnc
xM +
y
2
O
2

2. Mui clorua:
MCl
n

dpnc
M +
n
2
Cl
2

3. Hiroxit kim loi (nhm I
A
):
2MOH
dpnc
2M + O
2
+ H
2
O
Phng php ny dng iu ch nhng kim loi t Al tr v trc t cc oxit thay v dng
CO, H
2
.
Gii
2+ -
2
Catot (-) Anot (+)
Cu + 2e Cu 2Cl Cl + 2e
0,01 0,005 0,005 0,01




2 2
2NaOH + Cl NaClO + NaCl + H O
0,01 0,005

n
NaOH cn li
= 0,01 mol
n
NaOH ban u
= 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 mol
[NaOH] = 0,1M

Gii

2 3
NH -R-COOH + HCl ClNH -R-COOH
Chnh lch khi lng:
September 2011
Trang 11
LangQuang.YDS


X
m 13,95 - 10,3
n = = = 0,1mol
M 36,5

M
X
= 103 Chn C
Lu :
Cng thc tnh s mol da vo s chnh lch khi lng

m
n =
M

ng trong trng hp h s cn bng trong phng trnh bng nhau.
V d 1:

2+ 2+
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu

Cu Fe
Fe Cu
m - m
n = n =
64 - 56

V d 2:

2+ 3+
2Al + 3Cu 2Al + 3Cu

Cu Al
Al
m - m
n = 2.
3.64 - 2.27
phi nhn h s cn bng ca cht cn tnh s mol.

Gii

2 4
H SO (l)
4
Fe FeSO
0,1 mol 0,1 mol

4 2 4
KMnO + H SO
4 2 4 3 4
FeSO Fe (SO ) + MnSO
p dng LBT e ta c:

2+ 3+ 7+ 2+
Fe Fe + 1e Mn + 5e Mn
0,1 0,1 0, 02 0,1

4
KMnO
n = 0,02 mol
V = 0,04 lt = 40 ml

Gii
un dung dch X thu thm kt ta trong X c Ca(HCO
3
)
2

September 2011
Trang 12
LangQuang.YDS


3 2 3 2 2
Ca(HCO ) CaCO + CO + H O
1 mol 1 mol
o
t

3
CaCO
n = 5,5 mol
Bo ton C:

2 3 2 3
CO Ca(HCO ) CaCO
n = 2n + n 7,5 mol =

(
6 10 5
C H O )
enzim
2 5 2
n 2nC H OH + 2nCO
3,75 mol 7,5 mol

m
tinh bt
=
3, 75.162
= 750 gam
0, 81


Gii
Ta c:
S C
2
CO
Y
n
2a
= = = 2
n a

S nhm chc COOH =
NaOH
Y
n 2a
= 2
n a
=
Chn D

Gii
(X): C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 2 kh
(X) gm: CH
3
COONH
4
(mui amoni) v HCOONH
3
CH
3
(mui to bi HCOOH v CH
3
NH
2
)
Ta c:
3
3 2
NH
CH NH
n = 0,05
n = 0,15

Phng trnh:

NaOH
3 4 3 3
NaOH
3 3 3 2
CH COONH CH COONa + NH
0, 05 0,05
HCOONH CH HCOONa + CH NH
0,15 0,15

m
mui
= 14,3 gam
September 2011
Trang 13
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Gi s nng hai cht l aM
HCl l cht in li mnh nn in li hon ton

+ -
HCl H + Cl
a a

pH = x = lg[H
+
] = lg(a) (1)
100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t in li
in li o = 0,01

- +
3 3
CH COOH CH COO + H
a 0,01a

pH = y = lg[H
+
] = lg(0,01a) lg(a) = y + 2 (2)
T (1) v (2) x = y + 2 y = x 2
Lu :
in li cho bit phn trm cht tan phn li thnh ion v c biu din bng t s nng
mol ca phn t cht tan phn li thnh ion (C) v nng ban u ca cht in li (C
0
).
MA M
+
+ A
-


+ -
0 0 0
C [M ] [A ]
= = =
C C C

k: 0 1
- = 0: cht khng in li.
- =1: cht in li hon ton
in li ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht tan, nhit v nng dung dch. Dung dch
cng long (C
0
cng nh) th cng ln.
- i vi dung dch axit yu (o < 1)
HA H
+
+ A
-
(K
a
)
Ban u: C
0
0 0
in li: oC
0
oC
0
oC
0

Cn bng: (1-o)C
0
oC
0
oC
0


2 + -
0
a
C [H ][A ]
K = =
[HA] 1 -

o << 1 1 - o ~ 1
a
0
K
=
C

- i vi dung dch baz yu (o < 1)
MOH M
+
+ OH
-
(K
b
)
Ban u: C
0
0 0
September 2011
Trang 14
LangQuang.YDS

in li: oC
0
oC
0
oC
0

Cn bng: (1-o)C
0
oC
0
oC
0


2 + -
0
b
C [M ][OH ]
K = =
[MOH] 1 -

o << 1 1 - o ~ 1
b
0
K
=
C

Gii
+
2 4
HCl
H
H SO
n = 0,25
n = 0,5 mol
n = 0,125

)


Kim loi + 2H
+
H
2

2
H
n = 0,2375 mol S mol H
+
phn ng = 2.
2
H
n = 0,475 mol
S mol H
+
d = 0,025 mol
[H
+
] = 0,1M pH = 1

Gii
Bn cht ca oxit tc dng vi axit khng c tnh oxi ho

+ 2-
trong axit trong oxit 2
2H + O H O
Ta c:

+
2 4
H SO
H
n = 0,05 n = 0,1 mol

2
2H + O H O
0,1 0,05

m
O trong oxit
= 0,05.16 = 0,8 gam
m
KL trong oxit
= m
oxit
m
O
= 2,01 gam
m
mui
=
2
4
KL
SO
m + m

= 2,01 + 0,05.96 = 6,81 gam
Cch khc:
Oxit + H
2
SO
4
Mui + H
2
O
Ta c:
2 2 4
H O H SO
n = n = 0,05 mol
p dng LBTKL:
m
mui
= m
Oxit
+ m
Axit
m
Nc
= 2,81 + 0,05.98 0,05.18 = 6,81 gam
September 2011
Trang 15
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t chy hon ton X vi oxi thu c kh Y gm CO
2
+ H
2
O + O
2 d

Y qua H
2
SO
4
c H
2
O b gi li Z gm CO
2
v O
2 d


x y 2 2 2
y y
C H + (x + )O xCO + H O
4 2
y
1 mol (x + ) mol x mol
4

2
O
n
d
= 10 -
y
(x + )
4


2 2
2
2 2
O CO
Z Z
H
O CO
y
32.[10 - (x + )] + 44x
m + m
4
d 19 M = 38 = 38
y
n + n
10 - (x + ) + x
4
8x + y = 40
= =

Chn x = 4 v y = 8 (C
4
H
8
)

Gii
Kho st p n X n chc cha 1 N
2
N X
n = 0,025 n = 0,05 mol

2
CO
n = 0,15 mol
S C =
2
CO
X
n
= 3
n
loi A, D.
Khi X tc dng vi NaOH thu c sn phm H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa Chn B.






September 2011
Trang 16
LangQuang.YDS

Gii

3 2 5 3 2 5 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H + H O

Ban u: 1 1 0 0
Phn ng:
2
3

2
3

2
3

2
3

Kt thc: (1 -
2
3
) (1 -
2
3
)
2
3

2
3

Hng s cn bng: K
C
=
2 2
.
3 3
= 4
2 2
1 . 1
3 3
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

H
max
= 90%

3 2 5 3 2 5 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H + H O
Bd: 1 mol x mol 0 0
Pu: 0,9 mol 0,9 mol

0,9 mol 0,9 mol

KT: 0,1 mol (x - 0,9) 0,9 mol 0,9 mol

Nhit khng i K
C
khng i
K
C
=
0,9.0,9
= 4
0,1.(x - 0,9)
x = 2, 925 mol

Gii
Ta c:
n
O trong oxit
= 3a + b + c
Oxit tc dng vi axit:


(6a + 2b + 2c) (3a + b + c)
2H + O

HNO
3
ht
Trong dung dch c cc mui: Al(NO
3
)
3
: 2a mol, Cu(NO
3
)
2
: b mol, AgNO
3
; 2c mol
tch Ag ra khi mui ch cn dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh v AgNO
3
tc dng trc v
Ag
+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn.

+
Ag + 1e Ag
2c 2c mol

S mol e Ag
+
nhn = 2c mol Chn B.

September 2011
Trang 17
LangQuang.YDS

KHI B-2007 M 285

Gii
m
cht rn gim
= m
O trong oxit
= 0,32 gam

2 2
R-CH OH + [O] R-CHO + H O
0,02 0,02 0,02

Hn hp hi gm R-CHO v H
2
O ( M 31 = )
Ta c:
2
RCHO+H O
n = 0,04 mol
2
RCHO+H O
m = 0,04.31 = 1,24 gam
Bo ton khi lng:

2
RCHO+H O [O]
m = m - m = 1,24 - 0,02.16 = 0, 92 gam

Gii
Ta c:
3+
-
3
Al
OH
Al(OH)
n = 0,3 mol
n = 0,5V mol
n = 0,2 mol

Gi tr ln nht ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra v tan mt phn trong NaOH d.

3+ -
3
- -
3 4
Al + 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) + OH [Al(OH) ]

p dng cng thc:

3+ -
3
Al(OH)
Al OH
n = 4n - n = 4.0,3 - 0,5V = 0,2 V = 2 lt

Gii
n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n - 2
C H O + O nCO + nH O
2
3n - 2
1 mol mol n mol n mol
2

S mol O
2
d =
3n - 2
2
S mol O
2
ban u = 3n 2
Hn hp sau khi t chy gm: O
2 d
=
3n - 2
2
mol, CO
2
= n mol, H
2
O = n mol
September 2011
Trang 18
LangQuang.YDS

Hn hp ban u gm: C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 1 mol, O
2
= (3n 2) mol
Qu trnh ng tch, ta c:

1 1
2 2
p n 1 + (3n - 2) 0,8
= = n = 3
3n - 2
p n 0, 95
n + n +
2
Chn D

Gii
n
Fe
= 0,12 mol

2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2Fe + 6H SO Fe (SO ) + 3SO + 6H O
0,1 0,3 0,05

n
Fe d
= 0,02 mol

2 4 3 4
Fe + Fe (SO ) 3FeSO
0, 02 0,02 mol 0,06

2 4 3
Fe (SO )
n
cn li
= 0,03 mol
Chn A

Lu :
TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4

, nng

Vi HNO
3
:
Kim loi + HNO
3
Mui +

2
2
2
4 3
NO
NO
N O
N
NH NO
+ H
2
O
- Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.
- Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO
2
, NO.
- HNO
3
c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.
Bi tp chnh:
September 2011
Trang 19
LangQuang.YDS

St
2
O
Hn hp rn
3
HNO
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+
2
2
2
4 3
NO
NO
N O
N
NH NO

+ H
2
O (HNO
3
d)
Gm 2 giai on:
- G 1: St nhng e cho oxi.
- G 2: Oxit st (tr Fe
2
O
3
) v st d nhng e cho HNO
3
.
Cng thc:
n
e nhng
= n
e nhn

1

m - m

8
+ n
e axit nhn
=
3m
56



V d: Ho tan ht 11,36 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch HNO
3
d, thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO (ktc) v m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72. B. 35,5. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Gii
Dng ny khng c giai on 1, ta xem nh giai on 1 c xy ra.
N
5+
+ 3e N
3+

0,18 0,06
Ta c:

Fe Fe
11,36 - m 3m
+ 0,18 =
8 56
m
Fe
= 8,96 n
Fe
= 0,16 mol
Fe Fe(NO
3
)
3

0,16 0,16

3 3
Fe(NO )
m = 38,72 gam


Vi H
2
SO
4
:
Kim loi + H
2
SO
4
Mui +

2
2
SO
S
H S
+ H
2
O

Bi tp chnh:
(m
1
gam) (m gam)
(m
1
gam) (m gam)
September 2011
Trang 20
LangQuang.YDS

St
2
O
Hn hp rn
2 4
HSO
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+
2
2
SO
S
H S

+ H
2
O (H
2
SO
4
d)
Cng thc:
n
e nhng
= n
e nhn

1

m - m

8
+ n
e axit nhn
=
3m
56

V d:
Cho m gam st tc dung vi oxi, sau mt thi gian thu c 11,36 gam cht rn X. Cho X tc
dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng d thu c 2,016 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A.8,96. B. 5,6. C. 11,2. D. 8,4.
Gii
S
6+
+ 2e S
4+

0,18 0,09

Fe Fe
11,36 - m 3m
+ 0,18 =
8 56

m = 8,96 gam
p dng cho bi ton trn

5 2
N 3e N
0, 075 0, 025
+ +
+

Ta c:

3 - m 3m
+ 0,075 =
8 56
m = 2,52 gam.

Gii

o
2 4
H SO ,t
6 7 2 3 n 3 6 7 2 3 3 n 2
[C H O (OH) ] + 3nHNO [C H O (NO ) ] + 3nH O
0,3 0,1 mol

Khi lng HNO
3
cn dng vi H = 90%

3
HNO
0, 3.63
m = =
0, 9
21 kg

Lu : Bi ton hiu sut, yu cu tnh lng cht tham gia phn ng th chia hiu sut, yu cu
tnh lng sn phm th nhn hiu sut.
September 2011
Trang 21
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

2 3 2
3Cl + 6KOH KClO + 5KCl + 3H O
0,6 mol 0,5 mol

[KOH] = 0,24M
Bi ny yu cu thuc phng trnh iu ch KClO
3

Gii

2 2 2
RCOOH + O CO + H O
0,1 x 0,3 0,2

Bo ton O:

2 2 2
2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
O CO H O axit
O
n = n + n - n = 0,3.2 + 0,2 - 0,1.2 = 0,6 mol
n = 0,3 mol V = 6, 72 lt.

Gii

HCl
2
M H
0, 03 0,03

1,67
40 (Ca) < M = = 55,7 < 87 (Sr)
0,03

Lu : Quan h s mol ca kim loi v H
2
trong cc phn ng gii phng H
2


M (ho tr n)
2 4
HCl, H SO (l),...
2
n
H
2

V d: Kim loi ho tr I H
2

Kim loi ho tr II H
2

Kim loi ho tr III 3/2H
2


Gii
Gi s V = 22,4 lt
TH
1
: Al tc dng vi NaOH ca Na sinh ra
September 2011
Trang 22
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
2 4 2
1
Na + H O NaOH + H
2
x mol x 0,5x
3
Al + NaOH + 3H O Na[Al(OH) ] + H
2
x

1,5 x

x 3x
+ = 1 x = 0,5 mol
2 2

TH
2
: Al tan ht do NaOH d

2 2
2 4 2
1
Na + H O NaOH + H
2
x mol x 0,5x
3
Al + NaOH + 3H O Na[Al(OH) ] + H
2
y

1,5y

x 3y
+ = 1,75 mol y = 1 mol
2 2

%Na = 29,87%.

Gii

3 2
3
MO
MCO CO
MCO
13,4 gam 6,8 gam

2
2
CO
CO
m = 13,4 - 6,8 = 6,6 gam
n = 0,15

n
NaOH
= 0,075
2
NaOH
CO
n
= 0,5 < 1
n
to mui NaHCO
3


3
NaHCO NaOH
n = n = 0,075 mol

3
NaHCO
m = 6, 3 gam

September 2011
Trang 23
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
4
X X 4 8 2
CH
X
RCOONa
3
d = 5,5 M = 88 (X): C H O
2, 2
n = = 0,025 mol
88
RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH

0,025 mol 0,025 mol
2, 05
M = = 82
0, 025
R = 15 (CH -)

Chn C.
TON ESTE:
A. Thu phn este n chc:
1. Este (n chc) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 anehit (xeton)
Este c gc ancol khng no:
3
RCOOCH=CH-R'
RCOOC(CH )=CH-R'

Phng trnh:
RCOOCH=CH-R + NaOH RCOONa + R-CH
2
-CHO + H
2
O
RCOOC(CH
3
)=CH-R + NaOH RCOONa + R-CH
2
-CO-CH
3
+ H
2
O

2. Este n chc + NaOH 2 mui hu c
Este c gc ancol l phenol: RCOO-C
6
H
4
-R
RCOO-C
6
H
4
-R + 2NaOH RCOONa + R-C
6
H
4
-ONa + H
2
O
3. Este n chc (X) + NaOH mui Y c m
X
< m
Y

Este c gc ancol l CH
3
-: RCOOCH
3

4. Este n chc + NaOH cc sn phm u trng gng
Este ca axit fomic v ancol khng no: HCOO-CH=CH-R
5. Este n chc + NaOH 1 mui duy nht
Este n chc mch vng: COO
R
6. Este cha halogen:
CH
3
COO-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl + 2NaOH CH
3
COONa + CH
2
OH-CH
2
OH + NaCl
CH
3
CHOO-CHCl-CH
3
+ 2NaOH CH
3
COONa + CH
3
-CHO + NaCl
B. Thu phn este a chc:
1. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + hn hp 2 ancol
September 2011
Trang 24
LangQuang.YDS

(X): ROOC-R-COOR (axit hai chc, ancol n chc)
ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ ROH + ROH
2. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 2 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR (axit n chc, ancol hai chc)
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH RCOONa + RCOONa + R(OH)
2

3. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR hoc ROOC-R-COOR
Phng trnh:
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH 2RCOONa + R(OH)
2

ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ 2ROH
4. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol c s mol bng nhau
(X): R(COO)
2
R (axit v ancol u 2 chc)
PT: R(COO)
2
R + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ R(OH)
2

Gii

4 2 2 4 2
1
CuSO + H O Cu + H SO + O
2
a mol a mol
dp

2 2 2
1 1
NaCl + H O NaOH + Cl + H
2 2
b mol b mol
dp

+
-
H
OH
n = 2a
n = b

dung dch phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th b > 2a (mi trng kim)
Lu : Bn cht ca phn ng gia axit v baz l:
+ -
acid baz 2
H + OH H O

Gii
Ta c:
+
-
H
OH
X
n = 0,035mol
n = 0,03mol
V = 500ml

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,035 0,03

+
H
n
d
= 0,005 mol [H
+
] = 0,01M pH = 2
September 2011
Trang 25
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
2
CO
n < 0,8 s C < 8 loi A, B
X tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1 X c 1 nhm chc COOH hoc 1 nhm chc phenol
Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
2
2
X
O
CO
n = 0,05
n = 0,175
n = 0,15

S C = 3 loi A
2 2
H O CO X
n = n + n 0,2 mol = (do X no)
Bo ton O:

2 2 2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
X CO H O O
n = n + n - n = 0,15 mol
S O trong X =
[O]
X
n
= 3
n
Chn C.

Gii
TH
1
: Cu d

3
1
3Cu + 8HNO 2NO
0,08 0,02 mol
V = 0,448 lt

TH
2
: H
+
va

+
3
2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 2NO
0,06 0,04 mol
V = 0,896 lt

V
2
= 2V
1

September 2011
Trang 26
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t:
Zn
Fe
n = a mol
n = b mol

p dng LBT e, ta c:

2+
2
2+
Zn Zn + 2e
a 2a Cu + 2e Cu
2(a + b) (a + b) Fe Fe + 2e
b 2b
+

Ta c:
Fe + Zn Cu
m = m 65a + 56b = 64(a + b) a = 8b
%m
Zn
= 90,27%

Gii
RCHO + [O] RCOOH
Bo ton khi lng:
m
O
= 3 2,2 = 0,8 n
O
= 0,05 = n
anehit

M
anehit
= 44 Chn D.

Gii
2 4
2
2 2
C H
+ O +HCN
2 4 3 3 PdCl , CuCl
n = 0,2
C H CH CHO CH CH(CN)OH
0,1 0,1 mol

H = 50%


Gii
2 3
Al X Cr O Al
m = m - m 8,1 gam n = 0,3 mol =
September 2011
Trang 27
LangQuang.YDS


2 3 2 3
2Al + Cr O Al O + 2Cr
0,2 0,1 0,2 mol

n
Al d
= 0,1 mol

2
2
H
2
3
Al H
2
0,1 0,15
n = 0,35
Cr H
0,2 0,2
HCl
HCl

V = 7, 84 lt
KHI A-2008 M 263

Gii
V
lc u
= V
X
+
2
H
V = 4V
V
lc sau
= V
Y
= 2V
V
lc u
V
lc sau
=
2
H
V
phn ng
= 2V = 2V
X
X c 2t loi A, C
Z + Na H
2

2
H Z
n = n Z c hai nhm OH X c 2 nhm CHO, m trong X c 2t X no, hai chc.
Chn B.

Gii

2 2
Y
RCH OH + [O] RCHO + H O
Lu :
Cng thc tnh khi lng mol trung bnh cho hn hp hai cht:

1 1 2 2
1 2
n M + n .M
M =
n + n
(1)
Hoc:

1 2
M = a.M + (1-a)M (2) vi a l phn trm ca M
1
(M
1
> M
2
)
September 2011
Trang 28
LangQuang.YDS

Khi: n
1
= n
2
M l trung bnh cng ca M
1
v M
2
:
1 2
M + M
M =
2

Hoc c th s dng cng thc ng cho.
p dng cho bi ton trn
Hn hp Y gm RCHO v H
2
O c s mol bng nhau theo phng trnh phn ng
Ta c:
2
H O
RCHO
3
RCHO
M +M
M = = 27,5 30 (HCHO) < M = 37 < 44 (CH CHO)
2

Nhn xt:
RCHO
M = 37 l trung bnh cng ca 30 v 44
3
HCHO CH CHO
n = n = x mol

Ag
3
HCHO 4Ag
x mol 4x mol
n = 0,6 mol 6x = 0,6 x = 0,1 mol
CH CHO 2Ag
x mol 2x mol

Ta c:

3
2 5 3
CH OH HCHO
0,1 mol 0,1 mol

C H OH CH CHO
0,1 mol 0,1 mol

3 2 5
CH OH C H OH
m = m + m = 7, 8 gam

Gii
Hn hp gm:
2
3 4 2 3
FeO
Fe O3
Fe O = FeO.Fe O

trong :
2 3
FeO Fe O
n = n nn c th xem hn hp ch c Fe
3
O
4

3 4
Fe O
3 4
n = 0,01 mol
Fe O + 8HCl

0,01 mol 0,08 mol
V =

0, 08 (lt)


Gii
September 2011
Trang 29
LangQuang.YDS

[O] Y X [O]
2 3
(X) 2,13 gam
(Y) 3,33 gam
Mg MgO
Cu + [O] CuO m = m - m 1,2 gam n = 0,075 mol
Al Al O


=




Oxit tc dng vi HCl:

2
[O] + 2H H O
0,075 0,15 mol

HCl
V = 75 ml


Gii
Ag tc dng vi HNO
3
, bo ton e:

+ +5 +4
Ag
Ag Ag + 1e N + 1e N
0,1 mol 0,1 0,1 0,1 mol
n = 0,1 mol

:

TH
1
: X l HCHO

HCHO
HCHO 4Ag
0,025 0,1
m = 0,75 gam

loi.
TH
2
: X khc HCHO

RCHO
RCHO 2Ag
0,05 0,1
M = 72

3 7
X: C H CHO


Gii
TON NHM:
1. Dung dch Al
3+
tc dng vi dung dch kim:
t:
3+
-
Al
OH
n = a mol
n = b mol

Kho st:
September 2011
Trang 30
LangQuang.YDS

Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

a 3a a
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
[Al(OH)
4
]
-

(b 3a) (b 3a)

n = a - (b - 3a) = 4a - b +

2. Dung dch kim tc dng vi hn hp dung dch Al
3+
v H
+
:
t:
+
3+
H
Al
n = a mol
n = b mol

Kho st:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
a a
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

b 3b b
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
[Al(OH)
4
]
-

b b
Kt ta cc i:

-
OH min
n = a + 3b
Khng c kt ta:

-
OH max
n = a + 4b
Kt ta ho tan mt phn: tng t TH
1
nhng cng thm lng axit

3+ - +
Al OH H
n = 4n - n + n +

3. Dung dch H
+
tc dng vi dung dch [Al(OH)
4
]
-
(hoc AlO
2
-
):
t:
+
-
4
H
[Al(OH) ]
n = a mol
n = b mol

Kho st:
H
+
+ [Al(OH)
4
]
-
Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
b b b
3H
+
+ Al(OH)
3
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O
(a b)
a - b
3

S mol kt ta cn li:
September 2011
Trang 31
LangQuang.YDS


a - b 4b - a
n = b - =
3 3
+
4. Dung dch H
+
tc dng vi hn hp dung dch OH
-
v [Al(OH)
4
]
-
:
Tng t TH
3
nhng cng thm lng OH
-

S mol kt ta cn li:

- + -
4
[Al(OH )] H OH
4n - n + n
n =
3
+
TON KM:
Dung dch Zn
2+
tc dng vi dung dch kim:
t:
2+
-
Zn
OH
n = a mol
n = b mol

Kho st:
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2

a 2a a
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-
[Zn(OH)
4
]
2-


b - 2a
2
(b 2a)
S mol kt ta:

4a - b
b - 2a
n = a - =
2
2
+

p dng cho bi ton trn
Ta c:
-
3+
+
OH
Al
H
n = 2V mol
n = 0,2 mol
n = 0,2 mol

Phng trnh phn ng: u tin H
+
trc

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,2 0,2

-
OH
n
cn li
= 2V 0,2
Gi tr ln nht ca V ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra sau b ho tan mt phn
Ta c:
3+ -
Al OH
n = 4n - n = 4.0,2 - (2V - 0,2) = 0,1 + V = 0, 45 lt

Gii
Oxit tc dng vi CO hoc H
2
: (i vi oxit ca kim loi sau nhm)
September 2011
Trang 32
LangQuang.YDS

Vi CO:
M
x
O
y
+ yCO xM + yCO
2

Bn cht: [O]
trong oxit
+ CO CO
2

Vi H
2
:
M
x
O
y
+ yH
2
xM + yH
2
O
Bn cht: [O]
trong oxit
+ H
2
H
2
O

2 2 2
H CO H O
n = n = n = n = n
[O] trong oxit CO

p dng cho bi ton trn:
m
rn gim
= m
[O]
= 0,32 gam
2
[O] CO + H
n = 0,02 mol = n
V = 0, 448 lt


Gii
t:
4 3
Al C
Al
n = x mol
x + y = 0,3 mol (1)
n = y mol

Phng trnh phn ng:

2
H O
4 3 3 4
NaOH
4 2
NaOH
3 4
Al C 4Al(OH) + 3CH
x mol 4x 3x
3
Al Na[Al(OH) ] + H
2
3
y y y
2
Al(OH) Na[Al(OH) ]
4x 4x

Cho CO
2
vo dung dch X, ta c phng trnh phn ng:

2
3
CO
4 3
Al(OH)
Na[Al(OH) ] Al(OH)
(4x + y) (4x + y)
n = 4x + y = 0,6 (2)

T (1), (2)
4
2
CH
H
n = 0,3
x = 0,1

y = 0,2 n = 0,3

a = 0, 6 mol
September 2011
Trang 33
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

2
2 6
2 6 2 2 2 4 dd Br Ni
2 2 2 2
X 0,02 mol Z
2
Y
C H
C H C H 0,06mol C H
(M) = 16
H 0,04mol C H H
H

Ta c:
2 2 2
X C H H Y
m = m + m = 1,64 gam = m
Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng chnh l khi lng C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
b gi li
m
bnh tng
=
2 4 2 2 2 6 2
C H +C H Y C H + H Y Z
m = m - m = m - m = 1,64 - 16.0,02 = 1, 32 gam
Lu : Dng ton ny nn vit s s thun tin trong vic tnh ton.

Gii

3 3
6 5 2 6 5
6 5 6 5
5,48 gam
CH COOH CH COONa
C H OH + NaOH H O + C H ONa
C H COOH C H COONa

Ta c:
2
H O NaOH
n = n = 0,06 mol
Bo ton khi lng:
m
rn khan
= m
hn hp
+ m
NaOH
-
2
H O
m = 6,8 gam

Gii
Ta c:
2
-
-
2
2+
CO
OH
OH
CO
Ba
n = 0,2 mol
n
n = 0,25 mol 1 < = 1,25 < 2
n
n = 0,1 mol

to 2 mui
S dng cng thc:
- -
2
3
2- -
2
3
CO
HCO OH
CO
CO OH
n = 2n - n = 0,15 mol
n = n - n = 0,05 mol

V:
2- 2+ 2
3 3
3 3
BaCO BaCO
CO Ba CO
n < n n = n = 0,05 mol m =

9, 85 gam
September 2011
Trang 34
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Tng t cu 12 khi A 2007
ny khng c giai on 1 Fe tc dng vi O
2
, ta xem nh giai on 1 c xy ra
S :

3 2
HNO O
3 3 2
m gam 2 3
3 4
11,36 gam
Fe
FeO
Fe Fe(NO ) + NO + H O
Fe O
Fe O

Ta c:

+5 +2
N + 3e N
0,18 0,06

p dng cng thc:

Fe
11,36 - m 3m
+ 0,18 =
8 56
m = 8,96 gam n = 0,16 mol


3 3
3 3
Fe(NO )
Fe Fe(NO )
0,16 0,16 mol
m =

38, 72 gam


Gii
t:
Na
Al
n = a mol
n = 2a mol

2
H O
2
2
1
Na NaOH + H
2
a a 0,5a
3
Al + NaOH H
2
a a 1,5a

Ta c:
2
H
n = 2a = 0,4 a = 0,2 mol
September 2011
Trang 35
LangQuang.YDS

n
Al d
= a = 0,2 mol
m
Al d
= 5,4 gam

Gii
t cng thc chung ca hn hp X l
3
y
C H
Ta c: M = 42,4 36 + y = 42,4 y = 6,4 X:
3 6,4
C H
Phng trnh:

O2
3 6,4 2 2
C H 3CO + 3,2H O
0,1 0,3 0,32
+

2 2
CO + H O
m = 18, 96 gam

Gii
Ta c:
+
-
3
Cu
H
NO
n = 0,05 mol
n = 0,12 mol
n = 0,08 mol

Phng trnh

+ 2
3 2
NO
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3Cu + 2NO + 4H O

0,12 mol 0,03 mol
V =
+

0, 672 lt


Gii
S chuyn ho

4 2 2 2 3 2 3 n
2nCH nC H nC H Cl (C H Cl)
8 mol 4 mol

Th tch CH
4
vi H = 50%

4
3
CH
8.22,4
V = = 358,4 m
50%

September 2011
Trang 36
LangQuang.YDS

V
kh thin nhin
=
4
CH
V
=
80%
3
448 m

Gii
Bo ton e:

3+
+
2+
0,5 mol
Al Al + 3e
Ag + 1e Ag
0,1 0,3
0,5 0,5 0,5
Fe Fe + 2e
0,1 0,1 0, 2

+
Ag
n
d
= 0,05 tip tc tc dng vi Fe
2+

Phng trnh:

2+ + 3+
Fe + Ag Fe + Ag
0,05 0,05 0,05

n
Ag
= 0,55 m
Ag
= 59,4 gam

Gii
Phn 2: tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c kh H
2
Al d v Fe
2
O
3
ht

NaOH
2
3
Al H
2
0,025 0,0375 mol

n
Al d
= 0,025 mol
Phn 1:

2
2
3
Al H
2
0,025 0,0375
Fe H
0,1 0,1

Phng trnh:
September 2011
Trang 37
LangQuang.YDS


2 3 2 3
2Al + Fe O Al O + 2Fe
0,1 0,05 0,1 mol

n
Al ban u
= 2.(0,1 + 0,025) = 0,25

2 3
Fe O
n
ban u
= 0,05.2 = 0,1
(do chia thnh hai phn bng nhau)
2 3
Al Fe O
m = m + m = 22, 75 gam

Gii
T l th tch cng chnh l t l v s mol
Y
M=24
m = 24.3 = 72

M m
X
= m
Y
M
X
= 72 (C
5
H
12
)

Gii

+3 - 2- -
2 4 2
2Cr + 3Cl + 16OH 2CrO + 6Cl + 8H O
0, 01 0,015 0,08

KHI B-2008 M 195

Gii
Do hai ru n chc no nn ta c th t cng thc chung l: ROH

2
2ROH ROR + H O
0,2 mol 0,1 mol

Bo ton khi lng

2
ete H O
ROH
ROH
m = m + m = 7,8 gam
7,8
32 < M = = 39 < 46
0, 2

3 2 5
(CH OH) (C H OH)

September 2011
Trang 38
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
3
CH OH
n
ban u
= 0,0375 mol

3 3
AgNO /NH
H%
3 2
HCHO 4Ag
0, 03 mol 0,12 mol
CH OH + [O] HCHO + H O
0,03 mol 0,03 mol

3
CH OH
n
phn ng
= 0,03 mol
H = 80%

Gii
ru =



Th tch ru nguyn cht = 5.0,46 = 2,3 lt
Khi lng ru nguyn cht = 2,3.0,8 = 1,84 kg
n
ru
= 0,04 kmol
S phn ng

+
H ln men
6 10 5 n 6 12 6 2 5 2
(C H O ) nC H O 2nC H OH + 2nCO
0,02 kmol 0,04 kmol

Khi lng tinh bt thc t = 0,02.162 = 3,24 kg
Khi lng tinh bt l thuyt = 3,24:0,72 = 4,5 kg

Gii

3 2 2 3 2
2 2 2 3 2
1
2FeCO + O Fe O + 2CO
2
a 0,25a a mol
11
2FeS + O Fe O + 4SO
2
b 2,75b 2b mol

September 2011
Trang 39
LangQuang.YDS

p sut trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau c ngha l lng kh O
2
tham gia phn ng
bng lng kh sinh ra
0,25a + 2,75b = a + 2b a = b

Gii
Hn hp:
2 3
2 3
3 4
FeO
FeO a mol
Fe O 72a + 160b = 9,12 (*)
Fe O b mol
Fe O

Phng trnh phn ng

HCl
2
HCl
2 3 3
FeO FeCl
a a mol
Fe O 2FeCl
b 2b mol

Ta c:
2
FeCl
n = 0,06 mol a = 0,06 mol
Th a vo (*) b = 0,03

3
3
FeCl
FeCl
n = 2b = 0,06 mol
m =

9, 75 gam


Gii
Ta c:
Mg
NO
n = 0,09 mol
n = 0,04 mol

Bo ton e:

2+ +5 +2
Mg Mg + 2e N + 3e N
0,09 0,18 0,12 0,04



Nhn thy, nu ch c sn phm kh l NO, s mol e cho ln hn s mol e nhn trong khi HNO
3

d, vy ngoi NO cn c sn phm kh khc v l NH
4
NO
3

-3
+5
4 3
N + 8e NH NO
(0,18-0,12) 0,0075

Dung dch X cha Mg(NO
3
)
2
0,09 mol v NH
4
NO
3
0,0075 mol
m
mui khan
= 13,92 gam
September 2011
Trang 40
LangQuang.YDS

Lu :
Kim loi + HNO
3
Mui +

2
2
2
4 3
NO
NO
N O
N
NH NO
+ H
2
O
- Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.
- Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO
2
, NO.
- HNO
3
c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.

Gii
Ta c:
X
NaOH
n = 0,1 mol
n = 0,15 mol

X cha 1N nn X c th l este ca amino axit hoc mui ca amin hoc mui amoni, d cht
no X cng tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1
Nhn thy s mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol
11,7 gam cht rn gm NaOH d v mui
m
mui
= m
rn
m
NaOH d
= 9,7 gam
Ta c: n
X
= n
mui
M
mui
= 97 (RCOONa) R = 30 (H
2
NCH
2
-)
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:

2
Br
n
phn ng
= 0,025 mol

2
2
X CO
4
CO
X
n = 0,075 mol n
1 (CH ) < C = = 1,67
n = 0,125 mol
n

loi D.
Th tch kh cn li l CH
4
Th tch hirocacbon phn ng vi Br
2
= 0,56 lt n
hcb
= 0,025
Nhn thy s mol hirocacbon = s mol Br
2
phn ng cht cn li l anken loi B
S phn ng t chy:
September 2011
Trang 41
LangQuang.YDS


4 2
n 2n 2
CH CO
0, 05 0,05 mol
C H nCO
0,025 0,025n mol

2
CO
n = 0,05 + 0,025n = 0,125
n = 3

Chn C.

Gii
3 4 3 n 3n 4n 3n 3n 3n 3n
3n- 4n-
2 2 2
3n 5n 3n
2 2 2
(C H O ) C H O C H (COOH)
C H (COOH)

V X no, xem COOH nh 1H, ta c:
2.S C + 2 = S H
3n 5n 3n
2. + 2 = + n = 2
2 2 2

X: C
6
H
8
O
6

Lu :
t cng thc hp cht hu c:
Cng thc hirocacbon:
- C
x
H
y
vi x 1, y 2x +2
y = 2x + 2 l s H ti a hp cht c lin kt n.
- Hoc: C
n
H
2n + 2 2a
vi a l s lin kt .
Cng thc hp cht c nhm chc
C
n
H
2n + 2 2a k
(X)
k

Vi a l s lin kt , k l s nhm chc, X l k hiu nhm chc.
Nhn nh lin kt trong hp cht hu c
1. Hp cht C
x
H
y
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
2. Hp cht C
x
H
y
N
t
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2 + t.
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
Lu : Tng ho tr cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c lun l s chn.

Gii
September 2011
Trang 42
LangQuang.YDS

Cng thc hai mui c dng:
2 3
3
M CO
MHCO

S phn ng

HCl
2 3 2
HCl
3 2
M CO CO
MHCO CO

Nhn thy s mol mui = S mol CO
2
= 0,02 mol
M
mui
=
1, 9
95
0, 02
=
M + 61 < 95 < 2M + 60
17,5 < M < 34
M = 23

(Na)


Gii
Ta c: n
xenluloz trinitrat
= 0,3 kmol
Phng trnh phn ng

6 7 2 3 n 3 6 7 2 3 3 n 2
HNO3
[C H O (OH) ] + 3nHNO [C H O (NO ) ] + 3nH O
0,9 kmol 0,3 kmol
m = 56,7 kg

Lng HNO
3
b hao ht 20% tc hiu sut 80%
Khi lng HNO
3
l thuyt = 70,86kg
Khi lng dung dch HNO
3
67,5% = 105 kg
Th tch dung dch HNO
3
(d=1,5g/ml) = 70 lt

Gii
Khi cho X vo HCl ch c Al phn ng, cn khi cho X vo HNO
3
c ngui th ch c Cu phn
ng
S phn ng

HCl
2
HNO3
2
3
Al H
2
0,1 0,15
Cu 2NO
0,15 0,3

September 2011
Trang 43
LangQuang.YDS

m = 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 gam

Gii
Ta c:
X
NaOH
n = 0,1 mol
n = 0,2 mol

X tc dng vi NaOH cho mui v cht hu c (hoc kho st p n) X l este
Nhn nh lin kt: X c 2t, X no c 4O X l este no 2 chc
X tc dng vi NaOH cho hn hp mui X to t ancol 2 chc v axit n chc
X: RCOO-R-OOCR
Phng trnh phn ng:
2
RCOO R OOCR+2NaOH R'COONa+R"COONa + R(OH)
0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol

m
mui
= m
RCOONa
+ m
RCOONa
= 0,1(R + 67) + 0,1 (R + 67) = 17,8
R + R = 44
Chn R = 15 (CH
3
-) v R = 29 (C
2
H
5
-) hoc ngc li
X: CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-OOCC
2
H
5


Gii
pH = 1 [H
+
] = 0,1M
+
H
n = 0,01 mol
n
NaOH
= 0,1a mol
Phng trnh ion:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,01 0,01

S mol OH
-
tham gia phn ng trung ho = 0,01 mol
pH = 12 pOH = 2 [OH
-
] = 0,01M
-
OH
n = 0,002 mol (s mol NaOH cn li sau phn
ng)
S mol NaOH ban u = 0,002 + 0,01 = 0,012 = 0,1a a = 0,12

Gii
September 2011
Trang 44
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
NaOH
NaOH + KOH
KOH
n = 0,06 mol
m = 5,76 gam
n = 0,06 mol

Axit + kim mui + H
2
O
Bo ton khi lng:

2
H O
m =m
X
+ m
KOH + NaOH
m
rn
= 1,08
2
H O
n = 0,06 mol
Do X n chc

2
X H O
X
n = n = 0,06
3, 6
M = 60
0, 06

=
3
(CH COOH)

Lu : Khng s dng s mol KOH v NaOH tnh trc tip v c th d sau phn ng.

Gii

o
3 3
t
3 3 2
CaCO .MgCO
CaCO .MgCO CaO + MgO + 2CO

0,2 mol 0,4
m = 36,8 gam

% = 92%


Gii
t s mol st hai trng hp l a mol
TN
1
:

2 2+
1 1 1
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
V V V mol
+

n
Fe d
= a V
1

m
rn
= m
Fe d
+ m
Cu
= 56(a V
1
) + 64V
1

TN
2
:

+ 2+
2 2 2
Fe + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag
0,05V 0,1V 0,1V mol

n
Fe d
= a 0,05V
2
m
rn
= n
Fe d
+ m
Ag
= 56(a 0,05V
2
) + 10,8V
2

September 2011
Trang 45
LangQuang.YDS

Khi lng cht rn hai TN bng nhau
56(a V
1
) + 64V
1
= 56(a 0,05V
2
) + 10,8V
2

V
1
= V
2


Gii
R trong hp cht RH
3
c ho tr III Trong hp cht vi oxi R c ho tr cao nht l V
R
2
O
5

Ta c:
80
%O = = 0,7407
2R + 80
R = 14 (N)


Gii
S phn ng:
Cht bo + 3NaOH mui + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

0,06 mol 0,02 mol
Bo ton khi lng:
m
x phng
= m
cht bo
+ m
NaOH
- m
glixerol
= 17,24 + 0,06.40 0,02.92 = 17,80 gam

Gii
Fe tc dng vi HNO
3
trc theo phng trnh

3 3 3 2
Fe + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O
0,15 0,6 0,15 mol

Cu tip tc tc dng vi Fe theo phng trnh

3 3 3 2 3 2
Cu + 2Fe(NO ) Cu(NO ) + 2Fe(NO )
0, 075 0 15 mol

Nhn thy s mol Cu d = 0,075 mol
Vy cn thm mt lng HNO
3
ho tan Cu d theo phng trnh

3 3 3 2
3Cu + 8HNO 3Cu(NO ) + 2NO + 4H O
0,075 0,2 mol

3
3
HNO
HNO
n = 0,2 + 0,6 = 0,8 mol
V =
E
0, 8 lt


September 2011
Trang 46
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
Ta c:
2
CO
hh
V
2
C = = 2
V 1
= S C ca X l 2 loi C, D

2
H O
hh
2V
2.2
H = = 4
V 1
= S H ca X l 6 trong hai p n cn li
Chn A.
Cch khc:
p dng lu cu 9 khi A-2007
Trng hp t chy 2 hirocacbon, s mol H
2
O bng s mol CO
2

- TH
1
: Hn hp 2 anken loi, v c C
2
H
2

- TH
2
: Hn hp gm 1 ankin v 1 ankan c s mol bng nhau
X: C
n
H
2n+2

Ta c:
n 2n+2 2 2
C H C H
V = V = 0,5 lt
S phn ng t chy

2
2 2 2
CO
n 2n+2 2
C H 2CO
0,5 1 lt
V = 1 + 0,5n = 2 n = 2
C H nCO
0,5 0,5n lt

Gii
S phn ng

o
0-5 C + -
6 5 2 2 6 5 2
C H -NH + NaNO + HCl C H N Cl
0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol

Chn C.
Gii
t:
2
2
CuCl
FeCl
n = a mol
n = b mol

Bo ton e:
September 2011
Trang 47
LangQuang.YDS


2+
2+
2+
Cu + 2e Cu
a 2a a Zn Zn + 2e
(a + b) (a + b) 2(a + b) Fe + 2e Fe
b 2b b

Khi lng cht rn thu c nh hn khi lng Zn ban u l 0,5 gam, ngha l khi lng Zn
phn ng ln hn khi lng cht rn sinh ra l 0,5 gam hay chnh lch 1 lng m = 0,5

Zn Cu Fe
m - (m + m ) = 0,5
65(a + b) - (64a + 56b) = 0,5
a + 9b = 0,5 (1)

Mt khc: m
mui
= 13,6 gam
2
ZnCl
m = 13,6 136(a + b) = 13,6 a + b = 0,1 (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra a = b = 0,05 mol
m
X
= 13,1 gam
KHI A-2009 M 175

Gii
t:
4
ZnSO
n = x mol
Ta c:
(1)
(2)
KOH
KOH
n = 0,22 mol
n = 0,28 mol

C hai trng hp u cho lng kt ta bng nhau, nn TH
2
kt ta to ra sau ho tan 1 phn
trong kim d
Phng trnh phn ng

1
2+ -
2
2
2+ -
2
- -
2 4
TH :
Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)
0,22 0,11 mol
n = 0,11
TH :
Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)
x 2x x mol
Zn(OH) + 2OH [Zn(OH) ]
(0,14 - x) (0,28 - 2
+
+
+

x)
n = x - (0,14 - x) = 2x - 0,14 +

Lng kt ta hai phn ng bng nhau nn: 2x 0,14 = 0,11 x = 0,125 mol
September 2011
Trang 48
LangQuang.YDS

m = 20,125 gam

Gii
t:
2
HCHO
H
n = a mol
n = b mol

S phn ng:

2
2
CO
3 O2
2
H O
X
Y
n = 0,35 mol
CH OH
HCHO + H
n = 0,65 mol HCHO
+

t trng thi Y nh t trng thi X

2 2
2 2
HCHO CO + H O
a a a mol
H H O
b b mol

2
H
a = 0,35 a = 0,35

a + b = 0,65 b = 0,3
0, 3
%V = =
0, 65




46,15%


Gii
Ta c:
2
-
-
2
2+
CO
OH
OH
CO
Ba
n = 0,02
n
n = 0,03 1 < = 1,5 < 2
n
n = 0,012

2 trng hp xy ra
Ta c:

2 - 2+
2
3
2
3
3
CO
CO OH Ba
BaCO
CO
n = n - n = 0,01 mol < n
n = n = 0,01

m = 1, 970 gam


Gii
Ta c:
September 2011
Trang 49
LangQuang.YDS


x y x y
2
2
N O N O
H
N O
d = 22 M = 44
n = 0,042 mol

2
N O

Bo ton e:

+5
n+
2
2N + 8e N O
M M + ne
0,336 0,042
0,336
0,336
n

M
M
= 9n
Chn n = 3 M = 27 (Al)

Gii
Ta c:
2 2
H O CO
n > n X no, a chc loi B
Xem
2 2 2 2
CO H O X H O CO
n = 3 v n = 4 n = n - n = 1
2 2
CO H O
X X
n 2n
C = = v H = = 8
n n
3
Chn C.

Gii
Nhn xt p n ta nhn thy hn hp hai este l n chc, no.
X phng ho thu c mt mui v hai ancol ng ng hai este ny c to ra t mt axit
v hai ancol l ng ng hay hai este ny l ng ng ca nhau.
Bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
ancol
- m
este
= 2,05 + 0,94 1,99 = 1 gam
n
NaOH
= 0,05 mol
Do n chc: n
este
= n
NaOH
= 0,05 mol
1, 99
74 < Meste = 79,6 < 88
0, 025
=
Chn A.

September 2011
Trang 50
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
t (X): (NH
2
)
x
-R-(COOH)
y

S phn ng:

1
2
HCl
2 x y 3 x y
m
NaOH
2 x y 2 x y
m
(NH ) -R-(COOH) (NH Cl) -R-(COOH)
1 mol 1 mol
(NH ) -R-(COOH) (NH ) -R-(COONa)
1 mol

1 mol

Ta c:

2 1
m - m = 7,5 (16x + R + 67y).1 - (52,5x + R + 45y).1 = 7,5
22y - 36,5x = 7,5

Chn x = 1 y = 2 tc c 1N v 4O
Chn A.

Gii
Lu : CO hoc H
2
ch kh c oxit ca kim loi ng sau Al trong dy hot ng ho hc
S phn ng

+ CO
2 3 2 3
CuO Cu

Al O Al O

Ta c khi lng cht rn gim chnh l khi lng O ca CuO mt i

[O]
CuO
CuO [O]
CuO
m = 9,1 - 8,3 = 0,8 n = n = 0,05 mol
m =

4 gam


Lu :
Nhit phn mui nitrat:
TH
1
: a s cc mui nitrat khi nhit phn (Al Cu) Oxit + NO
2
+ O
2

VD: Cu(NO
3
)
2
CuO + 2NO
2
+ O
2

TH
2
: Vi mui nitrat ca Ag, Hg do cc oxit km bn nn tip tc b phn hu to kim loi:
VD: AgNO
3
Ag + NO
2
+ O
2

TH
3
: Vi cc mui nitrat ca cc kim loi mnh nh Na, K, Ca,khi nhit phn mui nitrit
+ O
2

VD: NaNO
3
NaNO
2
+ O
2

September 2011
Trang 51
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
t x l s mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn
Phng trnh phn ng:

3 2 2 2
(X)
1
Cu(NO ) CuO + O + 2NO
2
x 0,5x 2x mol
to

Bo ton khi lng, ta c
m
X
= 6,58 4,96 = 1,62 gam
32.0,5x + 46.2x = 1,62 x = 0,015 mol
Hp th X vo nc

2 2 2 3
1
2NO + O + H O 2HNO
2
0, 03 0,03 mol

[HNO
3
] = 0,1 pH = 1

Gii
Ta c:

2
2
CO C
H O H
V V
n = n =
22,4 22,4
a a
n = n =
18 9

Hn hp hai ancol no, n chc nn

2 2
ancol H O CO [O] trong ancol
a V
n = n - n = - = n
18 22,4

Bo ton khi lng, ta c

ancol C H O
V a a V
m = m = m + m + m = 12. + 1. + 16. -
22,4 9 18 22,4
5V
= a - =
28
| |
|
\ .

V
m a -
5, 6


Gii
September 2011
Trang 52
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
2 4
2 2 4
2
H SO
H H SO
H
m = 9,8 gam
n = n = 0,1 mol
m = 0,2 gam

Khi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
:
dd
9,8
m = = 98 gam
0,1

Bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
dd sau phn ng
=
2 4 2
Al + Zn H SO H
m + m - m = 3,68 + 98 - 0,2 = 101, 48 gam
Lu : Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng bng tng khi lng dung dch ban u v cc cht
cho vo tr cho khi lng kt ta, cht kh (nu c).

Gii
Ta c:
2
3
3
CO
HCO
HCl
n = 0,15
n = 0,1
n = 0,2

Phng trnh phn ng:

+ 2
3 3
+
3 2 2
H + CO HCO
0,15 0,15 0,15
H + HCO CO + H O
(0,2 - 0,15) 0,05

V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt
Lu : Khi cho HCl t t vo hn hp dung dch
2
3 3
CO v HCO

th HCl s tc dng vi
2
3
CO


trc to ra
-
3
HCO , nu HCl cn d th
-
3
HCO s chuyn thnh CO
2
.

Gii
Ta c:
3
Fe
HNO
n 0,12
n 0, 4
=

Phng trnh phn ng:

3 3 3 2
Fe + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O
0,1 0,4 0,1

Nhn thy c 0,02 mol Fe d s tip tc tc dng vi Fe(NO
3
)
3

September 2011
Trang 53
LangQuang.YDS


3 3 3 2
Fe + 2Fe(NO ) 3Fe(NO )
0,02 0,04 mol

Nhn thy c 0,04 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
phn ng
Dung dch sau phn ng gm c Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
3
0,06 mol
Ch c Fe(NO
3
)
3
ho tan c Cu theo phng trnh

3 3 3 2 3 2
Cu + 2Fe(NO ) Cu(NO ) + 2Fe(NO )
0,03 0,06 mol

m
Cu
= 1,92 gam

Gii
Ta c
m
dd gim
= m
kt ta

2
CO
m = 3,4
2 2
CO CO
m = 6,6 gam n = 0,15 mol
Phng trnh phn ng

6 12 6 2 2 5
C H O 2CO + 2C H OH
0,075 0,15

Vi H = 90%
6 12 6
C H O
0,075.180
m = =
0, 9
15 gam
Lu :
Khi cho CO
2
(hoc SO
2
) vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(hoc Ba(OH)
2
) s c cc
trng hp xy ra nh sau:
- Khi lng dung dch tng m gam

2
CO
m = m - m +
- Khi lng dung dch gim m gam

2
CO
m = m - m +
- Khi lng bnh tng m gam

2
CO
m = m

Gii
V M v N c cng s C nn;
September 2011
Trang 54
LangQuang.YDS

t:
n 2n
n 2n-2
M-C H : a mol
N-C H : b mol

Ta c:

a + b = 0,3 a + b = 0,3

14na + (14n - 2)b = 12,4 14n(a + b) - 2b = 12,4
14n.0,3 - 2b = 12,4 4, 2n - 2b = 12, 4
(*)

b = 2,1n - 6, 2

iu kin hin nhin 0 < b < 0,3 thay vo (*), ta c

b > 0 2,1n - 6,2 > 0
2,95 < n < 3,09
b < 0,3 2,1n - 6,2 < 0,3





Chn n = 3 (C
3
H
6
v C
3
H
4
)
a = 0,2 v b = 0,1
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:
2 2
Al
Y N O N
Y
n = 0,46
n = 0,06 n = n = 0,03 mol
M = 36

(khai trin cng thc trung bnh)

Bo ton e

+5
2
3+
+5
2
2N + 8e N O
0,24 0,03 Al Al + 3e
0,46 1,38 2N + 10e N
0,3 0,03

n
e nhn
= 0,54 mol
Nhn thy s mol e nhn nh hn s mol e nhng trong khi HNO
3
d, nn ngoi 2 sn phm
kh trn cn c sn phm kh th 3 v chnh l NH
4
NO
3


+5
4 3
N + 8e NH NO
(1,38-0,54) 0,105 mol

C cn dung dch ta c: Al(NO
3
)
3
: 0,46 mol v NH
4
NO
3
: 0,105 mol
m = 106,38 gam
September 2011
Trang 55
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Ta c:
2
2 2
2
CO
CO H O n 2n
H O
n = 0,4 mol
n = n ete: C H O
n = 0,4 mol

Trong hn hp ban u c 1ancol khng no c 1t
loi B, C
S phn ng t chy

n 2n 2
C H O nCO
0,4
0,4 mol
n

ete
0,4
m = .(14n + 16) = 7,2 n = 4
n

Tng s C trong hai ancol bng 4
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:
+
3
Fe
Cu
H
NO
n = 0,02
n = 0,03
n = 0,4
n 0, 08

Bo ton e:

3+
+
3 2
2+
Fe Fe + 3e
0,02 0,06 4H + NO + 3e NO + 2H O
0,08 0,24 Cu Cu + 2e
0,03 0,06

n
e nhng
= 0,12 mol < n
e nhn
= 0,24 mol
Fe v Cu tan ht
Vit li phng trnh nhn e
September 2011
Trang 56
LangQuang.YDS


+
3 2
4H + NO + 3e NO + 2H O
0,16 0,12 mol

n
H+ d
= 0,4 0,16 = 0,24 mol
Vy dung dch sau phn ng c Fe
3+
: 0,02 mol, Cu
2+
: 0,03 mol v H
+
: 0,24 mol
Phng trnh phn ng vi NaOH

+ -
2
3+ -
3
2+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,24 0,24
Fe + 3OH Fe(OH)
0,02 0,06
Cu + 2OH Cu(OH)
0,03 0,06

-
NaOH
OH
n = n = 0,36 mol
V =

0, 36 lt


Gii
Ta c
n
Ag
= 0,5 (mol) = 2n
X
X c 1 chc CHO loi A
2
H X
n = 2n X c 2t
X l anehit n chc, khng no c 1 ni i
X: C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2)

Gii
Hn hp 2 este c cng khi lng mol nn ta t cng thc chung l RCOOR
n
este
= 0,9 mol
S phn ng

o
2 4
NaOH
H SO , 140 C
2
RCOOR' R'OH
0,9 mol 0,9 mol
2R'OH R'OR' + H O
0,9 mol 0,45 mol

2
H O
m = 0,45.18 = 8,1 gam
September 2011
Trang 57
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Phng trnh phn ng vi HCl

HCl
2
HCl
2
Al 3/2H
a 1,5a mol
Sn H
b b mol

(Sn c ho tr II)
27a + 119b = 14,6
a = b = 0,1 mol
1,5a + b = 0,25

Phng trnh phn ng vi O
2


2 2 3
2 2
3
2Al + O Al O
2
0,1 0,075
Sn + O SnO
0,1 0,1

(Sn c ho tr IV)
2
O
n = 0,175 mol V =

3, 92 lt

Gii
Loi A v ch c nhng ancol a chc c nhm ancol lin k mi tc dng c vi dd Cu(OH)
2

t cng thc ca X l: C
n
H
2n+2
O
x

Phn ng t chy

n 2n+2 x 2 2 2
3n + 1 - x
C H O + O nCO + (n + 1)H O
2
0,2 mol 0,8 mol

Quy tc tam sut, ta c:

3n + 1 - x
0, 2. 0,8
2
3n - x = 7
=

Da vo p n chn x = 3 n = 3 C
3
H
8
O
2
loi D v c 3O
Ta c:
September 2011
Trang 58
LangQuang.YDS


2
Cu(OH)
1
n = nX = 0,05 mol
2
m = 4, 9 gam

Chn B.

Gii
Ta c:

2
CO
NaOH
n = 0,5 mol
n = 0,5 mol

S C trung bnh =
2
CO
X
n
0, 5
1, 67
n 0, 3
= =
S nhm chc COOH trung bnh =
NaOH
X
n 0, 5
1, 67
n 0, 3
= =
S C = S COOH
X c s nguyn t C bng s nhm COOH
Chn A.

Gii
Dy in ho kim loi theo th t tnh oxi ho tng dn:
2+
2+ +
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 2+ +
2
Mg Ag
Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu Fe Al Zn 2H
< < < < < < < < < <
Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag
Fe

Mg v Ag
+
phn ng trc
Bo ton e

2+
2+
Mg Mg + 2e
1,2 2,4
Zn Zn + 2e
x 2x

n
e nhng
= 2,4 + 2x
September 2011
Trang 59
LangQuang.YDS


+
2
Ag + 1e Ag
1
Cu + 2e Cu
2 4
+

1

n
e nhn
= 5
Nhn thy s mol e nhng ln hn s mol e m Ag nhn, do Ag
+
ht, trong dung dch
cha 3 ion kim loi th kim loi ht v Cu
2+
d, tc
2,4 + 2x < 5 x < 1,3
p n C tho mn.

Gii
X tc dng c vi NaOH nn X c th l este ca amino axit (NH
2
-R-COO-R) hoc este
mui ca amin (R-COO-NH
3
-R) hoc mui amoni (RCOO-NH4)
V sinh ra kh tc dng vi NaOH nn loi trng hp amino axit, kh Y nng hn khng kh nn
loi trng hp mui amoni v to NH
3

X l mui ca amin: R-COO-NH
3
-R
Dung dch Z lm mt mu dung dch brom X: CH
2
=CH-COO-NH
3
-CH
3

Phng trnh phn ng

2
2 3 3 2 3 2 2
CH =CHCOONa
CH =CH-COO-NH -CH + NaOH CH =CH-COONa + CH NH + H O
0,1 mol 0,1 mol
m =

9, 4 gam


Gii

2
+ O
m gam
0,95m gam
PbO
PbS
PbS

Chnh lch khi lng
n
PbS phn ng
=
-3
m m - 0,95m
= = 3,125.10 m (gam)
M 32 - 16

m
PbS phn ng
= 0,7469m gam
% = 74,69%
September 2011
Trang 60
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Qu trnh phn ng

2 2 3
N + 3H 2NH
bd: 0,3 0,7 0
pu: x 3x 2x
kt: (0,3-x) (0,7-3x) 2x

H
2
chim 50% th tch
2
3
C 3
2 2
0,7 - 3x
= 0,5 x = 0,1
(0,3 - x) + (0,7 - 3x) + 2x
[NH ]
K = =
[N ][H ]

3,125


Gii
Loi C, D v to ra ancol khng no v anehit lm mt mu brom
X tc dng vi NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c X l este
C
5
H
8
O
2
c 2t

RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH
0,05 0,05 mol

M
mui
= 68 (HCOONa) loi B
X: HCOOC(CH
3
)=CHCH
3
(thu c xeton khng lm mt mu nc brom)
KHI B-2009 M 148

Gii
Ta c:
2+
-
Cu
Cl
n = 0,05
n = 0,35

S mol e mi in cc:
e
5.3860
n = = 0,2 mol
96500

Ti Catot (-):
September 2011
Trang 61
LangQuang.YDS


2
Cu + 2e Cu
0,05 0,1 < 0,2 mol
+

Nc b in phn

-
2 2
2H O + 2e 2OH + H
(0,2-0,1) 0,1

Ti Anot (+)

-
2
2Cl Cl + 2e
0,2 0,2

Vy dung dch sau phn ng c 0,1 mol OH
-
c kh nng ho tan Al

- -
2 4 2
Al + OH + 3H O [Al(OH) ] + 3/2H
0,1 0,1

m
Al
= 2,7 gam

Gii
Ta c:
2+
+
Fe
Cu
Ag
n = 0,04
n = 0,1
n = 0,02

2+
Fe Fe + 2e
0,04 0,08

Fe tc dng ln lt Ag
+
trc Cu
2+
sau

+
Ag
Ag + e Ag
n = 0,02
0,02 0,02 < 0,08

Fe d tip tc tc dng vi Cu
2+


2+
Cu + 2e Cu
0, 03 (0, 08 0, 02) 0,03

Khi lng cht rn gm Ag v Cu
m = 4,08 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 62
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
+
-
H
OH
n = 0,02
n = 0,04

Phng trnh ion:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,02 0,02

OH- d 0,02 mol [OH-] = 0,1M (th tch dung dch lc sau l 200 ml)
pOH = 1 pH = 13

Gii

2
MnO
2 2 2 2
-3
2H O 2H O + O
0, 003 1,5.10

2 2
[H O ] = 0,03
0,03
v = =
60

-4
5.10 (mol / l.s)


Gii
Cho kh X vo Ca(OH)
2
thu c kt ta trong X c CO
2

Do khi lng mol trung bnh ca X bng 32 nn X gm CO, CO
2
v O
2
d (do in cc lm
bng than ch nn tc dng vi O
2
)
n = 0,02 mol trong 22,4 lt X c
2
CO
n = 0,02 mol
Trong 67,2 m
3
X c
2
CO
n = 0,6 kmol
t:
2
CO
O du
n = a mol
n b mol

Ta c:

2 2
2 2
2 2
CO CO O
X
CO CO O
X O CO CO
m + m + m
0,6.44 + 28a + 32b
M = 32 32 a = 1,8 kmol
n + n + n 0,6 + a + b
n = 3 kmol b = n = 3 - (n + n ) = 0,6 kmol
= =

Phng trnh phn ng
September 2011
Trang 63
LangQuang.YDS


2
2 2
1
C + O CO
2
0,9 1,8 kmol
C + O CO
0,6 0,6 kmol

2
O
n = 0,9 + 0,6 + b = 2,1 kmol

2 3
3
Al O 2Al + O2
2
2,8 2,1 kmol
dpnc

m
Al
= 75,6 kg

Gii
X tc dng vi NaOH thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip nn X l hai este
ng ng lin tip
X no, n chc (C
n
H
2n
O
2
) nn
2 2
CO H O
n = n = 0,145 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Oxi, ta c

2 2 2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
X CO H O O
X
n = n + n - n = 0,08 mol
n = 0,04 mol
| |
|
\ .

S C trung bnh =
2
CO
X
n
0,145
= = 3,625
n 0,04

Chn D.

Gii
X tc dng c vi NaOH to ancol nn X c th l:
1 axit + 1 este
2 este

Ta c:
NaOH
ancol
n = 0,04 mol
n = 0,015 mol

X n chc c n
Ancol
< n
NaOH
X gm 1 este v 1 axit
September 2011
Trang 64
LangQuang.YDS

este ancol
axit NaOH ancol
n n 0, 015 mol
n = n - n = 0,025 mol
= =

t:
n 2n 2
n' 2n' 2
axit: C H O
este: C H O

Phng trnh t chy:

n 2n 2 2 2
n' 2n' 2 2 2
C H O nCO + nH O
0,025 0,025n 0,025n
C H O n'CO + n'H O
0,015 0,015n' 0,015n'

Khi lng bnh tng chnh l khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O (khc khi lng dung dch tng)

2 2
CO H O
m + m = 6,82
(0,025n + 0,015n').(44 + 18) = 6,82
0,025n + 0,015n' = 0,11 5n + n' = 22

Chn n = 4 v n = 2
Chn A.

Gii
Ta c: n
HCl
= n
X
= 0,02 mol X c 1 nhm NH
2

n
mui
= n
X
= 0,02 M
mui
= 183,5 (ClNH
3
-R-(COOH
x
) M
X
= 147
n
NaOH
= 2n
X
X c 2 nhm COOH
2 2
X 3 5
X: NH -R-(COOH)
M = 147 R = 41 (C H -)

Chn B.

Gii
Ta c:

2
O X X
n = 0,05 = n M = 74
1 gam X c
X
n 0,0135 mol ~ S C >
2
CO
X
n
2,3
n
~ loi B
X tc dng vi NaOH v dd AgNO
3
loi A, C
September 2011
Trang 65
LangQuang.YDS

Chn D.
Lu : Cht hu c c M = 74 c cc cng thc trn, lu trong qu trnh vit ng phn

Gii
Anken cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht Anken c tnh i xng loi A, C
S phn ng
Kh Y khng lm mt mu nc Br
2
nn C
n
H
2n
ht v H
2
d
t:
n 2n
X
C H
n = 1 mol
(a < 1)
n = a mol

n 2n+2
n 2n 2
2
X
Y
C H
C H + H
H

Bo ton khi lng, ta c:
m
X
= m
Y
n
X
.M
X
= n
Y
.M
Y
1.18,2 = n
Y
.26 n
Y
= 0,7 mol
Hn hp X ban u c s mol bng 1, s mol hn hp Y sau phn ng bng 0,7 mol, vy s mol
gim chnh l s mol ca H
2
phn ng

2
H
n
phn ng
= 1 0,7 = 0,3 mol

n 2n 2 n 2n+2
C H + H C H
0, 3 0,3

n 2n 2
C H H
n = 0,3 n
ban u
= 1 0,3 = 0,7 mol
Ta c:
n 2n 2
n 2n 2
C H H
X
C H H
m + m
0, 3.14n 0, 7.2
M = 18,2 18, 2 n = 4
n + n 0, 3 0, 7
+
= =
+

Chn D.


Gii
Y tc dng vi NaOH c kh H
2
Trong Y c Al d
Al
d
3/2H
2

0,1 0,15
n
Al d
= 0,1 mol
September 2011
Trang 66
LangQuang.YDS

Dung dch Y cha Na[Al(OH)
4
] tc dng vi CO
2
theo phng trnh

2
CO
4 3
Na[Al(OH) ] Al(OH)
0,5 mol 0,5 mol

Ton b lng Al ban u nm trong Na[Al(OH)
4
] nn: n
Al ban u
=
4
Na[Al(OH) ]
n =0,5 mol

n
Al phn ng
= 0,5 n
Al d
= 0,4 mol
Phng trnh phn ng

3 4 2 3
8Al + 3Fe O 4Al O + 9Fe
0,4 0,15 mol

3 4
Fe O
n
ban u
= 0,15 mol
3 4
Al Fe O
m = m + m = 48, 3 gam

Gii

n
2
M(OH)
H
n = 0,02 mol
n = 0,01 mol

Nhn xt:
n 2
M(OH) H
n = 2n u ny ch ng khi hn hp ch c kim loi M nhm IA, trong khi
trong hn hp c oxit ca n ch to M(OH)
n
khng to H
2

M thuc nhm IIA

2 2
2
M M(OH) + H
0,01 0,01 0,01
MO M(OH)
0,01 (0,02-0,01)

m
M
+ m
MO
= 2,9 0,01M + 0,01.(M + 16) = 2,9 M = 137 (Ba)
Bi ton trn c th gii bng cch gi s M thuc nhm IA hay IIA.

Gii
C hai trng hp xy ra:
- X l F Y l Cl, khi ch c kt ta AgCl v AgF khng tn ti
- Trng hp cn li u cho kt ta
S dng phng php tng khi lng, nhn thy khi lng kt ta tng l do lng Ag thay
th Na, tr trng hp NaF
Gi s TH
2
xy ra, c hai mui u cho kt ta, ta c
September 2011
Trang 67
LangQuang.YDS


NaX
NaX
NaX AgX
m 8,61 - 6,03
n = = 0, 03
M 108 - 23
M 201

~
~

Nhn thy khng c natri halogen no c khi lng mol > 201
Trng hp ny loi
Vy trng hp cn li l NaF v NaCl

NaCl AgCl
0,06 0,06

m
NaF
= 6,03 m
NaCl
= 2,52 gam
% = 41,8%

Gii
Sau phn ng Cu cn d 2,4 gam, vy trong dung dch tn ti ion Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
(do Cu d nn
tip tc kh Fe
3+
thnh Fe
2+
)
m
X phn ng
= 61,2 m
Cu d
= 58,8 gam
t:
3 4
Cu pu
Fe O
n = a mol
64a + 232b = 58,8 (1)
n = b mol

Bo ton e, ta c:

+8/3 2+
2+
+5 +2
3Fe + 2e 3Fe
3b 2b Cu Cu + 2e
a 2a N + 3e N
0,45 0,15
2a = 2b + 0,45 a - b = 0,225 (2)

T (1) v (2), suy ra a = 0,375 v b = 0,15
S chuyn ho thnh mui

3 2
3 4 3 2
Cu Cu(NO )
0,375 0,375
Fe O 3Fe(NO )
0,15 0,45

m
mui
= 151,5 gam

September 2011
Trang 68
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
X phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim loi B, C
Ta c:
2
2 2
2
CO
H O CO
H O
n = 0,0195
n = n
n = 0,0195

X c 1 t loi A
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c: n
X
= n
NaOH
= a mol X cha 1 chc COOH (hoc OH gn trc tip vo vng benzen)

2
X H
n = n = a mol X c 2 H linh ng
Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
2+
+
3
Cu
H
NO
n = 0,16
n = 0,4
n = 0,32

Sau phn ng thu c hn hp bt kim loi tc Cu v Fe d, vy trong dung dch ch c ion
kim loi Fe
2+

Bo ton e, ta c

+
3 2
2
4H + NO + 3e NO + 2H O
0,4 0,3 0,1 V =
Cu + 2e Cu
0,16 0,32 0,16

2, 24 lt

n
e nhn
= 0,62 mol

2+
Fe Fe + 2e
0,31 0,62 mol

m
Fe phn ng
= 17,36 gam
m
Fe d
= m 17,36
0,6m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe d
(m 17,36) + 0,16.64 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam
September 2011
Trang 69
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
p dng cng thc tng t cu 12 khi B-2007
Bo ton e, ta c:

+6 +4
S + 2e S
0,29 0,145

oxit Fe Fe Fe
Fe Fe
Fe Fe
m - m 3m
+ 0,29 =
8 56
20,88 - m 3m
+ 0,29 =
8 56
m = 16,24 gam n = 0,29 mol

2 4 3
2Fe Fe (SO )
0,29 0,145

2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m = 58 gam

Gii
t:
4
2 4
2 2
CH
C H
C H
n = a mol
n = b mol
n = c mol

c trong hn hp 8,6 gam

16a + 28b + 26c = 8,6 (1)
Phng trnh phn ng vi Br
2


2 4 2 2 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 4
C H + Br C H Br
b b
C H + 2Br C H Br
c 2c

2
Br
n = b + 2c = 0,3 (2)
Xt trong 13,44 lt X:

3 3
AgNO /NH
2 2 2 2
C H C Ag
0,15 0,15 mol

September 2011
Trang 70
LangQuang.YDS

2 2
C H
X
0,15
%n = = 0,25
0, 6
c
= 0,25 (3)
a + b + c

(phn trm s mol khng thay i)
T (1), (2) v (3), suy ra a = 0,2, b = 1 v c = 0,1
4
CH
%V = 50%
Ch : Khi cho 2 th nghim khng ng nht v n v th phng php gii l lp t l mol

Gii
Gi s:
- Hn hp ch gm axit Y: RCOOH

Na
2
1
RCOOH H
2
0, 4 0,2 mol

- Hn hp ch gm Z: R(COOH)
2


Na
2 2
R'(COOH) H
0,2 0,2 mol

0,2 < n
X
< 0,4
Tnh s C (do Y v Z c cng s C)

2
CO
X
n
C =
n
1,5 < C < 3
S C = 2: CH
3
COOH (Y) v HOOC-COOH (Z) loi A, B
t:
2
Y
CO
Z
n = a
n = 0,6 a + b = 0,3
n = b

(1)
Ta c:
2
H
n = 0,5a + b = 0,2 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,2 v b = 0,1
%m
Z
= 42,86%

Gii
September 2011
Trang 71
LangQuang.YDS

X
NaOH
n = 0,25 mol
n = 0,3 mol

n
NaOH d
= 0,05 mol (do n chc nn t l mol 1:1)
Ta c: M
ancol
> 32 gc ancol trong X phi l C
2
H
5
-
X: NH
2
-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5

2 2
X + NaOH NH CH COONa
0,25 0,25 mol

Trong dung dch Y c 0,25 mol mui v 0,05 mol NaOH d
m
rn
= 26,25 gam

Gii
t (X):
n 2n
C H O
Phng trnh

2
n 2n n 2n 2
C H O + H C H O
m (m + 1)
+

Chnh lch khi lng:

2 2
H H X
m = 1 gam n = n = 0,5 mol
Phng trnh t chy

2 2 2
n 2n
3n - 1
C H O + O nCO + nH O
2
3n - 1
0,5 .0, 5
2

2
O
3n - 1
n = .0, 5 = 0,8 n = 1,4
2

X
m = 0,5.(14n + 16) = 17, 8 gam

Gii
Ta c:
2+
+
Cu
Ag
n = 0,02
n = 0,02

Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch theo th t Ag
+
b kh trc
September 2011
Trang 72
LangQuang.YDS


+ 2+
Fe + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag
0,01 0,02
m
n = m = n. M = 0,01 (2.108 - 56) = 1,6 gam
M

A A

Thanh Fe tng 101,6 < 101,72 Fe tip tc tc dng vi Cu
2+


2 2+
Fe
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
m 101,72 - 101,6
n = = = 0,015 mol
M 64 - 56
+

n
Fe phn ng
= 0,015 + 0,01 = 0,025 mol
m
Fe
= 1,4 gam

Gii
Ta c:
2+
2
-
FeCl Fe
NaCl Cl
n = 0,1 n = 0,1
n = 0,4 n = 0,2

Trong dung dch X, Fe
2+
v Cl
-
s tc dng vi Ag
+

2+ + 3+
+ -
Fe + Ag Fe + Ag
0,1 0,1
Ag + Cl AgCl
0,4 0,4

m
rn
= m
Ag
+ m
AgCl
= 68,2 gam

Gii

2 2
R-CH OH + [O] R-CHO + H O
0,2 0,2 mol

Nhn thy:
Ag
RCHO RCHO
2n < n < 4n (Y) gm HCHO v CH
3
CHO

3
HCHO 4Ag
a 4a a + b = 0,2 a = 0,05

CH CHO 2Ag 4a + 2b = 0,5 b = 0,15
b 2b

September 2011
Trang 73
LangQuang.YDS

3 2 5
CH OH C H OH
m = m + m = 8, 5 gam

Gii
t:
2
3
2
CH =CHCOOH
CH COOH
CH =CHCHO
n = a
n = b a + b + c = 0,04 (1)
n = c

2
Br
n = 0,04 a + 2c = 0,04 (2)

2 2 2 2
(CH =CH-CHO + 2Br + H O CH Br-CHBr-COOH + HBr)
c 2c mol

n
NaOH
= 0,03 a + b = 0,03 (3)
T (1), (2) v (3) suy ra a = 0,02, b = 0,01 v c = 0,01

2
CH =CH-COOH
m = 1, 44 gam

Gii
Lu : Nc cng toan l hn hp gm 1 th tch HNO
3
v 3 th tch HCl

3 3 2
Au + HNO + 3HCl AuCl + 2H O + NO
0,02

0, 06 0, 02


Gii
S phn ng:

H = 60% H=50%
6 6 6 5 2 6 5 2
C H C H NO C H NH
2 mol


Anilin
m = 2.0,5.0,6.93 = 55, 8 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 74
LangQuang.YDS


- +
3 3
- +
3 3
CH COONa CH COO + Na
0,1 0,1M
CH COOH CH COO + H
x xM xM

- +
5 3
a
3
-5
[CH COO ].[H ] (0,1 + x)x
K = = 1, 75.10
[CH COOH] 0,1 - x
x = 1,75.10
pH = -logx =

4, 76


Gii
t:
Cu
Al
n = a
64a + 27b =1,23 (1)
n = b

Bo ton e:

2
+5 +4
3+
Cu Cu + 2e
a 2a N + e N
0,06 0,06 Al Al + 3e
b 3b
+

2a + 3b = 0,06 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,015 v b = 0,01 %Cu = 78,05%
S phn ng

3 3
3 2 + HNO + NH
3
3 3
Cu(NO ) Cu
Al(OH)
Al Al(NO )




(Cu(OH)
2
tan trong dung dch NH
3
)
3
Al(OH) Al
n = n = n = 0,01
m =
+
+

0, 78 gam

KHI A-2010 M 253

Gii


September 2011
Trang 75
LangQuang.YDS



2
2 4
O
H SO
+ CH
3
-CO-CH
3





Cumen
2,5.120
m =
0, 75
= 400 gam
Bi ny yu cu thuc CT Cumen

Gii
Gi s:
- Hn hp ch gm kim loi kim X

2
1
X H
2
0,5 0,25

- Hn hp ch gm kim loi kim th Y

2
Y H
0,25 0,25

hh
0,25 < n < 0,5
hh
14,2 < M < 28,4
X: Na v Y: Mg

Gii
n
NaOH
= 3n
E
Este c 3 chc
Thu phn E thu c mt ancol v hn hp hai mui
(E): R
1
COO-R-(OOCR
2
)
2

Phng trnh:

( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 3
R COO R OOCR 3NaOH R COONa 2R COONa R OH
0,2 mol 0,2 0,4 mol
+ + +

m mui =
1 2
R COONa R COONa 1 2 1 2
m + m = 0,2.(67 + R ) + 0,4.(R + 67) = 43,6 R + 2R = 17
Chn R
1
= 15 (-CH
3
) R
2
= 1(H-)
Chn B.
CH
3
-CH-CH
3
OH
2,5 mol
2,5 mol
September 2011
Trang 76
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
S phn ng:

2
2 6
2 6 2 2 2 4 dd Br Ni
Z
2 2 2 2
X Z
2
Y
C H
C H C H 0,02 C H
M = 20,16
H 0,03 C H H
H

Ta c:
X Y
Z
m = m = 0,58 gam
m = 20,16.0,0125 = 0,252 gam

Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng chnh l khi lng ca C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
b gi li

2
Br
m
tng
=
2 4 2 2 2 6 2
C H C H Y C H H Y Z X Z
m + m = m - (m + m ) = m - m m - m = = 0, 328 gam

Gii
Lu : Theo chiu tnh oxi ho tng dn

2+ 2+ 3+ 2+
+2
Fe Cu Fe Zn
< < <
Zn Fe Cu
Fe

Ta c:
3+
Zn
Cu
Fe
n = 0,1
n = 0,2
n = 0,4

Phng trnh

3+ 2+ 2+
3+ 2+ 2
Zn + 2Fe 2Fe + Zn
0,1 0,2
Cu + 2Fe 2Fe + Cu
0,1 (0,4-0,2)
+

n
Cu d
= 0,1 mol m
Cu
= 6,4 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 77
LangQuang.YDS

2 2 4
2
2
3 2
2 + O H SO d
2
x y 2
2
250 ml
500 ml (X)
550 ml (Y)
H O
CO
(CH ) NH
CO
H O
C H
N
N
V = 550 - 250 = 300 ml

t:
3 2
x y
(CH ) NH
C H
V = a ml
a + b = 100 a = 100 - b (1)
V = b ml

3 2 2 2 2
2 2
x y
(CH ) NH 2CO + 3,5H O + 0,5N
a 2a 3,5a 0,5a
C H xCO + 0,5yH O
b xb 0,5yb

2 2
CO N
V + V = 250
2a + xb + 0,5a = 250 2,5a + xb = 250 (2)

Th (1) vo (2) ta c:

2,5(100 - b) + xb = 250 b(x - 2,5) = 0
x = 2,5 (v b 0)

=

loi A, D
Ta c s H trung bnh ca hn hp X =
2
H O
X
2V
2.300
= = 6
V 100

S H ca amin bng 7 nn ta loi C, v C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
lun c s H trung bnh ln hn 6
Chn B.

Gii

x y 2 2 2 2
y y
C H O + (x + -1)O xCO + H O
4 2

Ta c:

2 2
CO O
6
V = V
7
6 y
x = x + - 1 (1)
7 4
| |

|
\ .

Mt khc, s lin kt t < 3, theo quy tc v s H ti a ta c
September 2011
Trang 78
LangQuang.YDS

(k s lk t < 3) (2)
(k este c t nht 1 lk t) (3)
y > 2x - 4
y 2x

Ln lt th (1) vo (2) v (3) ta c:

y 8
y 6
<

>

V s H chn nn y = 6 x = 3 X: C
3
H
6
O
2

C 2 TH:
- TH
1
: X c CT l CH
3
COOCH
3


3 3 3 3
CH COOCH + KOH CH COOK + CH OH
a a a mol

m
rn
= m
mui
+ m
KOH d
= 98a + (0,14 a).56 = 12,88 a = 0,12
m = 74.0,12 = 8,88 gam
- TH
2
: loi

Gii

n 2n+2
2 2
n y 2
0,5mol
C H O: a mol
1,5 mol CO + 1,4 mol H O
C H O : b mol

S C = 3
3 6
3 y 2
C H O: a mol
a + b = 0,5
C H O : b mol

(1)
Bo ton H, ta c
6a + yb = 1,4.2 6a + yb = 2,8 (2)
Nhn xt y c 2 gi tr ng vi axit 3C l 4 v 6, thy y = 4 (C
2
H
3
COOH) tho mn
a = 0,2 v b = 0,3
Phng trnh

2 3 3 7 2 3 3 7 2
H = 80%
C H COOH + C H OH C H COOC H + H O
0,2 0,16 mol

m
este
= 18,24 gam

Gii
Phng trnh phn ng tng qut
September 2011
Trang 79
LangQuang.YDS


-
2
2 n 2
H
OH
n
M + H O M(OH) + H
2
0,24
0,12 mol
n
n = 0,24 = 2n

Ta c:
+
-
2 4
2
4
H
HCl
Cl
H SO
SO
n = 6a
n = 4a mol
n = 4a
n = a mol
n = a

Trung ho X bi dung dch Y

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,24 0,24
6a = 0,24 a = 0,04

-
2
4
Cl
SO
n = 0,16
n =0,04

m
mui
=
- 2
4
K+Na+Ba
Cl SO
m + m + m =

18, 46 gam
Lu : Khi cho kim loi nhm IA v IIA vo nc th
-
2
H
OH
n = 2n

Gii
t:
2
2
X
N
H
n = 1 mol
n = a mol
n = (1 - a) mol

28a + (1 a).2 = 7,2 a = 0,2

Phng trnh phn ng:

2 2 3
N + 3H 2NH
Bd: 0,2 0,8
Pu: x 3x 2x
Kt: (0,2 - x) (0,8 - 3x) 2x

Ta c:

Y X
Y
Y Y
m m 7,2.1
M = 8 = = = 8
n n (0,2 - x) + (0,8 - 3x) + 2x
x = 0,05

0, 05
H =
0, 2
= 25% (tnh theo N
2
)
Lu : Hiu sut tnh theo N
2
hoc H
2
, ly gi tr ln nht.
September 2011
Trang 80
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Ta c:
3
3
BaCO
CaCO
n = 0,06
n = 0,07

2 3
3
3
Na CO x mol
NaOH + NaHCO
NaHCO y mol

TH
1
: Ch c Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi BaCl
2
cho kt ta

2 3 2 3
Na CO + BaCl BaCO + 2NaCl
0,06 0,06
x
= 0,06 a = 0,12 mol
2

(V th tch gim mt na)
TH
2
: Khi un nng c hai mui u tc dng vi CaCl
2
theo phng trnh

2
3 3 2 2
2 2
3 3
2HCO CO + CO + H O
y y
mol
2 4
CO + Ca CaCO
x y
( + ) 0,07 mol
2 4
to
+

x y
+ = 0,07
2 4

y = 0,04 mol
Bo ton C, ta c:
3
NaHCO
n = x + y = 0,16 mol a = 0,08M

3 2 3 2
NaOH + NaHCO Na CO + H O
0,12 0,12 mol

NaOH
n = 0,12 mol m = 4, 8 gam
Lu : Mui CaCl
2
, BaCl
2
khng cho kt ta vi
-
3
HCO nhit thng. Khi un nng
-
3
HCO
b nhit phn cho
2-
3
CO cho kt ta vi hai mui trn

o
t 2
3 3 2 2
2 2
3 3
HCO CO + CO + H O
Ca + CO CaCO

+

+


Gii
September 2011
Trang 81
LangQuang.YDS


t
4
ZnSO
n = x mol
TH
1
: n
KOH
= 0,22 mol

2+ -
2
- 2-
2 4
Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)
Zn(OH) + 2OH [Zn(OH) ]

2+ -
2
Zn OH
Zn(OH)
4n - n
4x - 0,22
n = =
2 2
4x - 0,22
m = .99 = 3a a = 66x - 3,63 (1)
2

TH
2
: n
KOH
= 0,28 mol

2+ -
2
- 2-
2 4
Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)
Zn(OH) + 2OH [Zn(OH) ]

2+ -
2
Zn OH
Zn(OH)
4n - n
4x - 0,28
n = =
2 2
4x - 0,28
m = .99 = 2a a = 99x - 6,93 (2)
2

T (1) v (2) suy ra:
99x 6,93 = 66x 3,63 x = 0,1 mol
4
ZnSO
m = 16,1 gam
Lu : Khi cho dung dch Zn
2+
vo dung dch OH
-
, sinh ra kt ta b ho tan mt phn th

2+ -
Zn OH
4n - n
n =
2
+

Gii
Ta c:
2
2
CO
H O
n = 0,17

n = 0,3

2 2
H O CO
n > n ancol n chc no
2 2
ancol H O CO [O]
ancol
n = n - n = 0,13 mol = n (do n chc)
Bo ton khi lng ta c:

ancol C H O
m = m + m + m = 0,17.12 + 0,3.2 + 0,13.16 = 4, 72 gam

September 2011
Trang 82
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
n
HCl
= 0,35 mol

2 3 5 2 3 3 5 2
H NC H (COOH) + HCl ClH NC H (COOH)
0,15 mol 0,15

n
HCl d
= 0,2 mol
Khi cho NaOH d vo X ta c cc phn ng sau

2
3 3 5 2 2 3 5 2 2
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H O
0,2 0,2 mol
ClH NC H (COOH) + 3NaOH H NC H (COONa) + NaCl + 3H O
0,15 mol 0,45 mol

n
NaOH
= 0,65 mol

Gii
t:
2+
2
Ca(OH)
Ca
n = x mol n = x
Khi cho Ca(OH)
2
vo X trong th trong dung dch xut hin thm x mol Ca
2+


- 2
3 3 2
2 2
3 3
HCO + OH CO + H O
CO + Ca CaCO
(0,003 + x) (0,003 + x) mol

+

loi b Ca
2+
trong dung dch cn (0,003 + x) mol
2-
3
CO

- 2
3 3 2
HCO + OH CO + H O
0,006 0,006

0,003 + x = 0,006
x = 0,003 mol
a =

0, 222 gam


Gii
Xem ion
4 3
ClO v NO

l mt ion c in tch l 1-
Khi trn X, Y theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c:

+ + 2 -
4 4 3
Na H SO OH ClO NO
n + n = 2n + n + n + n
0,07 + y = 0,02.2 + x + 0,04 y - x = 0,01



September 2011
Trang 83
LangQuang.YDS

X + Y:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
x x mol

+
H
n
d
= y x = 0,01 mol
[H
+
] = 0,1 pH = 1

Gii
Nhn xt p n cc ancol u no, n chc
Ta c:
CuO
Ag
n =0,06
n = 0,22

2 2
RCH OH + CuO RCHO + Cu + H O
0,06 0,06 0,06

2
RCH OH RCHO CuO
n = n = n = 0,06 mol
Nhn xt:
RCHO Ag RCHO
2n < n < 4n c HCHO 1 ancol l
3
CH OH
S phn ng

3
n 2n+1 n 2n
CH OH HCHO 4Ag
a mol 4a
C H OH C H O 2Ag
b mol 2b

Ag
a + b = 0,06 a = 0,05
4a + 2b = n = 0,22 b = 0,01






3 n 2n+1
ancol CH OH C H OH
m = m + m = 0,05.32 + 0,01(14n + 18) = 2,2
n = 3
3 7
(C H OH)


Gii
Dung dch sau phn ng c th cha mui Fe
2+
hoc Fe
3+
hoc c hai.
x : y = 2 : 5 y = 2,5x
+
H
n = 5x
Bo ton e:
September 2011
Trang 84
LangQuang.YDS


n+
+ 2
4 2 2
Fe Fe + ne
x nx mol
4H + SO + 2e SO + H O
5x 2,5x

nx = 2,5x = y
Chn D.

Gii
X phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH
(X): NH
2
-R-(COOH)
2
v R-NH
2

S
2
CO
X
n
6
C = = 3
n 2
=
Do s mol mi cht trong X bng nhau nn s C trung bnh cng chnh l s C ca mi cht
(X): NH
2
-CH-(COOH)
2
v C
3
H
7
-NH
2

Bo ton H v N, suy ra: x = 7 v y = 1

Gii

3 3 4
2 5 2 5 4
CH CHO CH COONH + 2Ag
a a 2a
C H CHO C H COONH + 2Ag
b b 2b

Ta c h phng trnh:
77a + 91b = 17,5 a 0,05
2a + 2b = 0,4 b = 0,15
=

m = 10,9 gam

Gii
S phn ng:

6 12 6 2 5 2
H = 80%
C H O 2C H OH + 2CO
1 mol 1,6 mol

a = 73,6 gam 0,1a = 7,36 gam n = 0,16 mol
September 2011
Trang 85
LangQuang.YDS

Ln men gim:

3
2 5
2 5
3 3 2
CH COOH
C H OH + [O]
C H OH
CH COOH + NaOH CH COONa + H O
0,144 0,144

(tht ra CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH tip tc thc hin phn ng este ho nhng tng s mol ca axit d v este lc no
cng bng axit ban u, thay v vy ta vit 1 phng trnh nh trn)
2 5
C H OH
n
ln men
= 0,144
H = 90%

Gii
Ta c:
+
2
3
3
H
CO
HCO
n = 0,03
n = 0,02
n = 0,02

Nh t HCl vo dung dch ta ln lt c cc phn ng

+ 2
3 3
+
3 2 2
H + CO HCO
0, 02 0,02
H + HCO CO + H O
(0,03-0,02) 0,01

(do
3
HCO
n
lc sau
>
+
H
n
d
nn tnh s mol theo H
+
)
2
CO
n = 0, 01 mol

Gii
Ta c:
RCOOH 0,1 mol
RCOOA 0,1 mol

vi A l kim loi kim

(R + 45).0,1 + (R + A + 44).0,1 = 15,8
2R + A = 69

Chn A = 39 (Kali) R = 15 (CH
3
-)
axit: CH
3
COOH Chn B.

Gii
September 2011
Trang 86
LangQuang.YDS

3 2
BaCO CO
n = 0,15 mol n = 0,15 mol (do Ba(OH)
2
d)
m
dung dch gim
=
3 2 2 2 2
BaCO CO H O H O H O
m - (m + m )= 19,35 m = 3,6 n = 0,2
Ta c:
2 2
H O CO
n > n X no

2 2
2
X H O CO
CO
X
n = n - n = 0,05
n
C = = 3
n

X: C
3
H
8


Gii
Do X n chc v u tc dng vi Na nn
2
X H
n = 2n = 0,6 mol
Hn hp X phn ng va vi nhau nn
3
CH OH X
RCOOH
1
n = n = n = 0,3 mol
2

Phng trnh phn ng tng qut

3 3 2
RCOOH + CH OH RCOOCH + H O
0,3 0,3 0,3 mol

M
mui
=
3 2 5
25
= 83,3 15 (CH -) < R = 24,33 < 29 (C H -)
0, 3

Chn B.

Gii
Ta c:
2+
-
Cu
Cl
n = 0,2
n = 0,12

S mol e thot ra mi in cc =
It 9650.2
0,2 mol
96500 96500
= =
2+ -
2
Catot (-) Anot (+)
Cu + 2e Cu 2Cl Cl + 2e
0,2 0,4 0,12 0,12



Nhn thy cc (-) s mol e ln hn 0,2 mol nn Cu
2+
khng b in phn ht, ti cc (+) s mol
e nh hn nn c H
2
O tham gia qu trnh in phn
September 2011
Trang 87
LangQuang.YDS

-
2
+
2 2
Anot (+)
2Cl Cl + 2e
0,12 0,06 0,12
1
H O 2H + O + 2e
2
0,02 (0,2-0,12)

2 2
kh Cl O
kh
n = n + V = 0,08 mol
V

= 1, 792 lt


Gii
X tc dng vi HCl:
HCl
2
HCl
2
HCl
2
Zn ZnCl
a mol a
Cr CrCl
136a + 123a + 190a = 8,98 a = 0,02 mol
a mol a
Sn SnCl
a mol a

X tc dng vi O
2
:

2
2
2 2 3
O
2 2
Zn + 1/2O ZnO
0,02 0,01
2Cr + 3/2O Cr O
n = 0,045
0,02 0,015
Sn + O SnO
0,02 0,02

V = 1, 008 lt
Lu : Sn c ho tr II khi tc dng vi HCl v ho tr IV kh tc dng vi O
2

Gii
X tc dng vi HNO
2
nhit thng, gii phng kh nit nn X l amin bc 1
loi C, D.
September 2011
Trang 88
LangQuang.YDS

Gi s X l amin no

n 2n+3 2 2 2
C H N nCO + (n + 1,5)H O + 0,5N
V nV (n + 1,5)V 0,5V

2 2 2
CO H O N
V + V + V = nV + (n + 1,5)V + 0,5V = 8V
n = 3

Chn A.

Gii
Tch nc 2 ancol thu c 2 anken Hai ancol c cu to i xng hoc ancol bc 1
loi A.
Nhn xt p n Y l ancol no, n chc

2 5 2
n 2n+1 2
C H OH 3H O (1)
1 mol 3 mol
C H OH (n + 1)H O (2)
1 mol (n + 1) mol

Ta c:

2 2
H O(2) H O (1)
5 5
m = m 18(n + 1) = 3. .18
3 3
n = 4

Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
3
CuO
NH
n = 0,2
n = 0,02

Phng trnh phn ng

3 2 2
2NH + 3CuO 3Cu + N + 3H O
0,02 0,03 0,03

n
CuO d
= 0,2 0,03 = 0,17 mol
m
X
= m
Cu
+ m
CuO d
= 15,52 gam
%m
Cu
= 12,37%


September 2011
Trang 89
LangQuang.YDS

KHI B-2010 M 174

Gii
t:
3 2
HNO H O
n = a mol n = 0,5a
Bo ton N, ta c:

3
NO
n
trong mui
=
3
N trong NO
NO trong axit
n - n = a - 0,03

S phn ng:
3 3 x 2
Y + HNO X(NO ) + NO + H O
2,71 (g) 63a (g) 0,9 (g) 9a (g)

Bo ton khi lng, ta c:

3 3 x 2
-
3
X(NO )
3 x
Y HNO X(NO ) NO H O
X
NO
m
m + m = m + m + m
2,71 + 63a = m + m + 0,9 + 9a
2,71 + 63a = 2,23 + 62.(a - 0,03) + 0,9 + 9a
a = 0,18 mol

Chn D.
Cch khc:
Y gm c oxit v kim loi d, khi cho tc dng vi HNO
3
, mt phn axit tham gia phn ng oxit
axit, mt phn tham gia phn ng oxi ho kh
Ta c:
[O] Y X [O]
oxit
m = m - m = 0,48 n = 0,03 mol
Oxit + HNO
3
:

2
2H + O H O
0,06 0,03

Kim loi + HNO
3
:

3 3 2
4HNO + 3e 3NO + NO + H O
0,12 0,03

3
HNO
n = 0,18 mol



Gii
S phn ng:
September 2011
Trang 90
LangQuang.YDS


16 32 2 2 2
18 36 2 2 2
18 32 2 2 2
a.panmitic C H O 16CO + 16H O
a.stearic C H O 18CO + 18H O
a.linoleic C H O 18CO + 16H O

Nhn xt a.pamitic v a.stearic trong phn t c 1t khi t chy cho
2 2
CO H O
n = n , nn s chnh
lch s mol CO
2
v H
2
O l ca a.linoleic
2 2
CO H O a.linoleic
a.linoleic
n - n = 0,03 = 2n
n =

0, 015 mol

Cch khc:
Gii phng trnh 3 n

Gii
Ta c:

[O] CO
oxit
n = n = 0,8mol
M + H
2
SO
4
0,9 mol SO
2

Bo ton e, ta c:

n+
+6 +4
M M + ne
S + 2e S
1,8
1,8 0,9 1,8
n

n c hai gi tr 2 v 3

M
M
O
M
M
O
n 0,9 9
- n = 2 n = 0,9 = =
n 0,8 8
n 0,6 3
- n = 3 n = 0,6 = =
n 0,8 4


3 4
Fe O

Gii

n 2n+1 2 3n 6n-1 4 3 2
amino axit no tripeptit
3n 6n-1 4 3 2 2 2
3C H O N C H O N + 2H O
C H O N 3nCO + (3n - 0,5)H O + 1,5N
0,1 mol 0,3n (3n - 0,5).0,1

Ta c:
September 2011
Trang 91
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
CO H O
m + m = 0,3n.44 + (3n - 0,5).0,1.18 = 54,9
n = 3

3 7 2
amino axit: C H O N

3 7 2 6 12 3 2 2
dipeptit
6 12 3 2 2 3
2C H O N C H O N + H O
C H O N 6CO 6CaCO
0,2 mol 1,2 mol

3
CaCO
m = 120 gam

Gii

NaOH
ROOH RCOONa
8,2 gam 11,5 gam

Chnh lch khi lng:

Z
m 11,5 - 8,2
n = = 0,15 mol
M 23 - 1
=
Z tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
Y l HCOOH (M
X
> M
Y
)

HCOOH 2Ag
0,1 0,2

n
X
= 0,15 n
Y
= 0,05 mol
Ta c:

HCOOH X X
X 2 3
m + m = 8,2 4,6 + 0,05.M = 8,2
M = 72 (C H COOH)

Chn B.

Gii
Ta c:
2
CO
4
X
n = 0,3
C = 1,5 ankan: CH
n = 0,2

September 2011
Trang 92
LangQuang.YDS

t:
4
2
n 2n
X
CH
CO
C H
X
a + b = n = 0,2
n = a
a = 0,15 b = 0,05
a + nb = n = 0,3
n = b nb = 0,15
16a + 14nb
= M = 22,5
a + b

n = 3

X gm CH
4
v C
3
H
6

Gii
Lu : dinh dng ca phn ln c tnh bng %P
2
O
5

100 kg phn ln th c 69,62 kg Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

2 4 2 2 5
2 5
Ca(H PO ) P O
P O
n = 0,2975 mol n = 0,2975
0,2975.142
%m = =
100

42, 25%


Gii

6 2 2 3 2 2
C H (NO ) OH 6 + 1,5H + 1,5N
0,06 mol 0,36 0,09 0,09

x
CO

x 2 2
CO H N
x = n + n + n = 0, 54 mol
Lu : CO v CO
2
c 1C trong phn t nn xem chung l CO
x


Gii
Ta c:
m
gim
=
[O] [O]
CuO
m = 3,2 n = 0,2 =
X
n
n
Ag
= 0,45 mol
Nhn xt: Hn hp Y gm c anehit v xeton c tng s mol bng 0,2, nu xem hn hp ch
gm anehit th s mol Ag to ra bng 0,4 mol, thc t n
Ag
= 0,45 mol. Vy trong Y c HCHO
Ancol tng ng l CH
3
OH
t:
3
3 7
X
CH OH
X
C H OH
a + b = n = 0,2
n = a
a = 0,1

32a + 60b
n = b b = 0,1 = M = 46
a + b

September 2011
Trang 93
LangQuang.YDS


3
2 5 3 7
HCHO 4Ag
CH OH 0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,4
0,4 + 2x = 0,45 x = 0,025 mol
C H CHO 2Ag C H OH (I) x mol
x mol 2x

3 7
C H OH
n
bc I
= 0,025 mol
3 7
C H OH (I)
%m = 16, 3%


Gii
t
2 4 2
H SO H O
n = a mol n = a mol
S phn ng:

x y 2 4 3
2 4 2 2
4
6,6gam 2,44 gam (X)
Fe O Fe (SO )
+ 98a gam H SO + 0,0225 mol SO + 18a gam H O
CuSO Cu

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c:

2 4 2 4 3 4 2 2
X H SO Fe (SO ) +CuSO SO H O
m + m = m + m + m
2, 44 + 98a = 6,6 + 0,0225.64 + 18a a = 0, 07 mol

t:
2 4 3
4
Fe (SO ) S
CuSO S
n x mol n = 3x
n = y mol n = y
=

Bo ton nguyn t S ta c:
n
S trong axit
= n
S trong mui
+
2
S trong SO
n
0,07 = 3x + y + 0,0225 3x + y = 0, 0475 (1)
Ta c:
2 4 3 4
Fe (SO ) CuSO
m + m = 6,6 400a + 160b = 6, 6 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,0125 v b = 0,01

4
CuSO
Cu
n = 0,01
m = 0,64 gam


Cu
Cu
n = 0, 01 mol
%m = 26, 23%


Gii
Dung dch Y cn mu xanh CuSO
4
cn d
Phng trnh in phn
September 2011
Trang 94
LangQuang.YDS


4 2 2 2 4
1
CuSO + H O Cu + O + H SO
2
a a 0,5a a mol

m
dd gim
=
2 2 4
Cu O H SO
m + m = 8 gam 64a + 32.0,5a = 8 n = 0,1 mol a = 0,1 mol
Gi
4
CuSO
n
d
= b mol
Vy trong dung dch Y c b mol CuSO
4
d v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
u tc dng vi Fe

2 2+
2 4 4 2
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
b b b

Fe + H SO FeSO + H O
0,1 0,1
+

Fe
n
d
= 0,3 (0,1 + b) = 0,2 b
12,4 gam kim loi gm c Cu v Fe d
64b + 56(0,2 - b) = 12,4 b = 0,15 mol
4
CuSO
n
ban u
= a + b = 0,25 mol [CuSO4] = 1,25M

Gii
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
Ban u: 0,4 0,15
Phn ng: x 0,375x 1,125x
Kt thc: (0,4 x) (0,15 0,375x) 1,125x
Hn hp sau phn ng gm c Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
d, Al d (0,4 x) mol, Fe 1,125x mol

2 4
2
2 4
H SO l
2
H
H SO l
2
Fe H
1,125x 1,125x
n = 1,125x + 1,5.(0,4 - x) = 0,48
3
Al H
2
(0,4 - x) 1,5.(0,4 - x)

x = 0, 32 mol

0, 32
H = = 80%
0, 4


Gii
X l anehit no, n chc X c 1t
September 2011
Trang 95
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c
2 2
CO H O
n = n = 0,4 Y c 1t Y l anken loi A, B
S
2
CO
X
n
C = = 2
n
Chn D.

Gii
t cng thc tng qut ca X l C
n
H
2n+2+t
N
t

Phng trnh phn ng

n 2n+2+t t 2 2 2 2
C H N + O nCO + (n + 1 + 0,5t)H O + 0,5tN
0,1 mol 0,1n (n + 1 + 0,5t).0,1 0,05t

2 2 2
Y CO H O N
n = n + n + n = 0,1n + 0,1.(n + 1 + 0,5t) + 0,05t = 0,5
2n + t = 4

Chn t = 2 n = 1 X: CH
2
(NH
2
)
2


2 2 2 2 3 2
CH (NH ) + 2HCl CH (NH Cl)
0,1 0,2 mol

n
HCl
= 0,2 mol

Gii
Ta c:
-
-
3
3
OH
Al(OH)
OH
Al(OH)
n = 0,39
3n < n
n = 0,09

kt ta sinh ra b ho tan mt phn trong OH

-
d

3+ -
3
- -
3 4
Al + 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) + OH [Al(OH) ]

p dng cng thc, ta c:

3+ -
3
3+
Al(OH)
Al OH
Al
n = 4n - n = 0,09
n = 0,12 mol
3
x = [AlCl ] = 1, 2M


Gii
September 2011
Trang 96
LangQuang.YDS


2
2
M + 2HCl MCl
a 2a a
N + 2HCl NCl
a 2a a

do
2 2
2 2 MCl NCl
[MCl ] = [NCl ] n = n = a mol
HCl
n
d
= 0,25 4a
Dung dch Y cha MCl
2
, NCl
2
v HCl d c nng bng nhau nn

2 2
HCl MCl NCl
n = n = n = a mol
0,25a - 4a = a a = 0,05 mol

Ta c:

X M N
m = m + m = 2,45
aM + aN = 2,45 M + N = 49

Chn M = 9 (Be) v N = 40 (Ca)

Gii
Ta c:
-
2
3
3
OH
BaSO
SO
n = 0,4
n = 0,1 n = 0,1

Thm NaOH vo dung dch thy xut hin kt ta Trong Y c
3
HSO

, nn xy ra 2 trng
hp

-
2 3
- 2
3 3 2
SO + OH HSO
HSO + OH SO + H O

p dng cng thc, ta c

2 -
3 2
3
2
BaSO SO
SO OH
SO
n = n = n n = 0,1
n = 0,3 mol

S phn ng

2
+ O
2 2
FeS 2SO
0,15 0,3 mol

2
FeS
n = 0,15 m = 18 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 97
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
2
2 2
2
CO
X H O CO
H O
n = 0,5
n = n - n = C = 2,5
n = 0,7

0, 2
V ancol a chc nn ancol th nht ch c th l C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

C hai cng s nhm OH nn s O bng 2 (khng quan tm tm cng thc ancol th hai)
Tng qut:

2 2 2 2
R(OH) + O CO + H O
0,2 mol 0,5 mol 0,7 mol

?

Bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:

2 2 2
2 2
2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
ancol O CO H O
[O] [O]
O O
O
n + n = n + n
0,2.2 + n = 0,5.2 + 0,7.1 n = 1,3 mol
n = 0,65 mol

V = 14, 56 lt


Gii
X + dung dch HCl

3 2
2 2 3 2
m m + 36,5
ClNH -R-COOH NH -R-COOH
+ HCl
NH -R'-(COOH) ClNH -R'-(COOH)

p dng LBTKL:

HCl HCl
m = 36,5 n =
X
1 mol = n
X + dung dch NaOH

+ NaOH
2 2
+ NaOH
2 2 2 2
NH -R-COOH NH -R-COONa
a mol a mol
NH -R'-(COOH) NH -R'-(COONa)
b mol b mol

Ta c h phng trnh:
a + b = 1
89a + 147b = m
111a + 191b = m + 30,8

m = 112, 2 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 98
LangQuang.YDS

M gm :
2
NaOH
2x
NaO
R'COOH + + H O
2x mol
R'COOR + H
y
+
y mol
R

'C

OON

a
2x
R'COONa
y

ROH
x mol
ROH
y


Ta c:
NaOH
ROH
R'COONa
n = 2x + y = 0,2 (1)
m = (R + 17)(x + y) = 8,05 (2)
m = (R' + 67)(2x + y) = 16,4 (3)

Th (1) vo (3) ta c R = 15 (CH
3
-) loi A v C
Ta lun c x + y < 0,2
(2) R + 17 > 40, 25 R > 23,25 loi B.

Gii

- 2
3 3 2
HCO + OH CO + H O


Trng hp 1:

2+
3
CaCO
Ca
n = 0,02 n = 0,02 l
2+
Ca
X
n = 0, 04 mo
Trng hp 2:

2
3
3 3
CaCO
CO HCO
n = 0,03 n = 0,03 = n


-
3
HCO
X
n = 0, 06 mol
Bo ton in tch ta c

2+ + -
3
+
Ca Na HCO Cl
Na
2n + 1.n = 1.n + 1.n
2.0,04 + n = 0,06 + 0,1

+
Na
n = 0, 08 mol

Khi un nng dung dch X ta c phn ng

to 2
3 3 2 2
2HCO CO + CO + H O
0,06 0,03 0,03 mol

m
cht rn
=
2 2
X CO H O
m - (m + m ) = 8, 79 gam

September 2011
Trang 99
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
t a, b ln lt l s mol ca CuO v Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp 44 gam
Ta c:

2
2 3 3
CuO CuCl
a a 80a + 160b = 44 a = 0,15

Fe O 2FeCl 135a + 162,5.2b = 85,25 b = 0,2
b 2b

Vy trong 22 gam X c 0,075 mol CuO v 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3

Ta c:

2
2
2 3
2
CO CO [O]
oxit
CO [O] [O]
CuO Fe O
CO
n = n = n
n = n + n
n = 0,075 + 0,1.3 = 0,375 mol

3
BaCO
n = 0,375 m = 73, 875 gam

Gii
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Cu v Zn trong hn hp m gam
Ta c:

Cu CuO
a a
80a + 81b = 40,3 (1)
Zn ZnO
b b

Ch c Zn tc dung vi KOH long nng theo phng trnh

+ KOH
2
Zn H
0,15 0,15

b
= 0,6 (2)
a + b

Zn
X
0,15
%n = = 0, 6
0, 25

T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,2 v b = 0,3

Cu
%m = 39, 63%

Gii
September 2011
Trang 100
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
+
H
n = 1,8 mol
Theo th t trong dy in ho Cu s b oxi ho trc

+ 2
3 2
2+ + 3+
3 2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO Cu + 2NO + 4H O
0,3 0,8 0,2
3Fe + 4H + NO 3Fe + NO + 2H O
0,6 0,8
+

0,2



NO
n = 0, 4 V = 8, 96 lt

Gii
p dng LBTKL, ta c

HCl HCl
m = 17,64 - 8,88 = 8,76 n = 0,24

2 x 3 x
R(NH ) + xHCl R(NH Cl)
0,24
0,24
x

amin
8,88
M = = 37x
0,24
x
( vi x l s nhm chc NH
2
)
Chn x = 2 M = 74 (H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)

Gii
Ta c:
2 2
H O CO
n > n X no, n chc

2 2
X H O CO [O]
X
n = n - n = 0,25 n = 0,25 (do X n chc c 1O)
ancol C H O
m = m + m + m = 10,1 gam
Phng trnh ete ho

2
2ROH ROR + H O
0,25 0,125

2
ete ancol H O
m = m - m = 7, 85 gam



September 2011
Trang 101
LangQuang.YDS

KHI A-2011 M 273

Gii
Ta c:
3 2
KCl
Cu(NO )
n = 0,1
n = 0,15

Phng trnh in phn:

3 2 2 3
2KCl + Cu(NO ) Cu + Cl + 2KNO
0,1 0,05 0,05 0,05

3 2
Cu(NO )
n
d
= 0,1 mol
m
dd gim
=
2
Cu Cl
m + m = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam
Cu(NO
3
)
2
tip tc b in phn

3 2 2 2 3
1
Cu(NO ) + H O Cu + O + 2HNO
2
a a 0,5a mol

m
dd gim
= 6,75 + 64a + 0,5a.32 = 10,75 a = 0,05 mol <
3 2
Cu(NO )
n
d
= 0,1mol
Vy trong dung dch cn Cu(NO
3
)
2
, KNO
3
v HNO
3
.

Gii
Axit hai chc, mch h c 1 lin kt C=C CTTQ: CnH2n-4O4

n 2n-4 4 2 2 2
C H O + O nCO + (n - 2)H O
V
x gam mol y mol
22, 4

Ta c:
axit
axit
V
- y = 2n
22, 4
5V y
n = -
224 2

2 2
CO H O axit
n - n = 2n

Bo ton nguyn t
September 2011
Trang 102
LangQuang.YDS


( )
axit C H O
V 5V y
m = = m + m + m = .12 + 2.y + - .4.16 =
22, 4 224 2

| |
|
\ .

55V
x - 30y
28
28
V = x + 30y
55


Gii
Ta c:
Cu
3 x
Fe
m = 0,7m
+ 0,7 mol HNO 0,75m gam KL + 0,25 mol NO
m = 0,3m

Khi cho Fe v Cu vo dung dch theo th t trong dy in ho Fe s phn ng trc
Nhn xt khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l 0,75m ln hn 0,7m khi lng ca Cu,
vy chng t Cu khng tham gia phn ng.
m
Fe phn ng
= 0,25m gam
Do Fe d nn mui thu c cha ion Fe
2+

S phn ng

3 3 2 x 2
Fe + HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + H O
x x mol

Bo ton nguyn t N

3 2 x
[N] [N] [N]
axit Fe(NO ) NO
n = n + n
0, 7 x.2 + 0,25 = x = 0, 225 mol

n
Fe phn ng
= 0,225 mol m
Fe phn ng
= 12,6 gam = 0,25m
m = 50,4 gam

Gii
2
2 6
2 6 2 2 2 4 dd Br Ni,t
2 2 2 2
X 0,2 mol
2
Y
C H
C H C H x mol C H
M = 16
H x mol C H H
H

Ta c:
2
Br
m
tng
=
2 4 2 2
C H C H
m + m = 10,8 gam
September 2011
Trang 103
LangQuang.YDS

2 6 2
C H H
m + m = 16.0,2 = 3,2 gam

2 4 2 2 2 6 2
C H C H C H H
= m + m + m + m = 14 gam
X Y
m = m
2 2 2
X C H H
m = m + m = 26x + 2x = 14
x = 0,5 mol

t chy trng thi Y cng nh t chy trng thi X

2
2 2 2 2 2
O
2 2 2
5
C H + O 2CO + H O
2
0,5 1,25 mol
n = 1,5 mol
1
H + O H O
2
0,5 0,25 mol

2
O
V = 33, 6 lt

Gii
Ta c:
2
-
2+
CO
OH
Ca
n = 0,03
n = 0,05
n = 0,0125

-
2
OH
CO
n
1 < 1, 67 < 2
n
= c 2 trng hp xy ra

-
2 3
- 2
3 3 2
CO + OH HCO
HCO + OH CO + H O

p dng cng thc dng tng qut, ta c:

2 2+ 2+
3
3
CaCO
CO Ca Ca
= 0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02 mol
n > n n = n 0, 0125 mol

2- -
2
3
3
CO
CO OH
CaCO
n = n - n
m = 1, 25 gam


Gii
C
7
H
8
c 4 lien kt t
X tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
th phi c lin kt CC u mch
Phng trnh phn ng tng qut
September 2011
Trang 104
LangQuang.YDS


3 3
AgNO /NH
7 8 7 8-x x
C H C H Ag
0,15 0,15 mol

x: s lin kt CC u mch
45, 9
M = = 306
0,15
92 + 107x = 306 x = 2
+


X c hai lin kt CC u mch
ng phn
CC-[CH
2
]
3
-CC CC-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CC CC-C(CH
3
)
2
-CC CC-CH(C
2
H
5
)-CC
Chn C.

Gii
Anot (+):
Thi gian t(s): c 0,035 mol kh 2t(s) c 0,07 mol kh (ch c H
2
O in phn)
n
kh
= n
kh Anot
+ n
kh Catot
= 0,1245
n
kh Catot
= 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 (sau thi gian 2t)
Qu trnh in phn:

2+
+
2 2
-
2 2
Catot (-)
Anot (+)
M + 2e M
1
H O 2H + O + 2e
x
2
0,07
2H O + 2e 2OH + H

2x
0, 28
0,0545 0,109

Bo ton e, ta c:
2x + 0,109 = 0,28 x = 0,0855
MSO4
M = 160 M = 64 (Cu)
thi gian t(s):


2+
+
2 2
Catot (-)
Anot (+)
M + 2e M 1
H O 2H + O + 2e
2 0,14 0,07
0,035

0,14

Cu
y = m = 0,07.64 = 4, 48 gam

September 2011
Trang 105
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
Ta c:

2 2
axit CO H O
z = y - x x = y - z n = n - n E c 2 lien kt t
S C =
2
CO
E
n
y
n x
=
E tc dng vi NaHCO
3
:
S nhm COOH =
2
CO
E
n
y
n x
=
Suy ra: S C = S nhm COOH
Chn A.

Gii

2
AlaAlaAlaAla+H O Ala+AlaAla+AlaAlaAla
0,32 0,2 0,12 mol

Ala
n = 0,32 + 0,2.2 + 0,12.3 = 1,08 mol
Qu trnh trng ngng to ra tetrapeptit:

2
4Ala Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + 3H O
1,08 gam ? 0,81 gam

2
peptit Ala H O
m = m - m = 1,08.89 - 0,81.18 = 81, 54 gam

Gii
t:
K
Al
Fe
n = a
n = b
n = c

trong mi phn
Phn 1:
September 2011
Trang 106
LangQuang.YDS


2
+ H O
2
+ KOH
2
1
K H
2
a 0,5a
0,5a + 1,5b = 0,035
3
Al H
2
b 1,5b

Phn 2: Y gm c Al d v Fe, Al d s tc dng vi KOH ca K tc dng vi H
2
O

2 2
2 4 2
1
K + H O KOH + H
2
a a 0,5a
0,5a + 1,5a = 0,02
3
Al + KOH + H O K[Al(OH) ] + H
2
a a 1,5a

a = 0, 01 b = 0, 02
Al
n
d
= b a = 0,01 mol
Y tc dng vi HCl

+ HCl
2
+ HCl
2
3
Al H
2
0,01 0,015
0,015 + c = 0,025
Fe H
c c

c = 0, 01
m
K
= 0,39; m
Al
= 0,54; m
Fe
= 0,56

Gii

2 2 3 4 4 4
C H C H C H
n = n = n 0, 01 =
C
2
H
2
chc chn s to kt ta

2 2 2 2
C H C Ag
0,01 0,01 n = 2,4 gam

+

m cn li > 4 2,4 = 1,6
Nu C
3
H
4
to kt ta

3 4 3 3
C H C H Ag
0,01 0,01

+ m = 1, 47 < 1, 6

C
4
H
4
cng to kt ta
September 2011
Trang 107
LangQuang.YDS

Vy c 3 cht u c lin kt CC u mch

Gii

3
HNO
6 7 2 3 n 6 7 2 3 3 n
H = 60%
xenlulozo trinitrat
[C H O (OH) ] [C H O (NO ) ]
2 2.0,6
tmol tmol
162 162
2.0,6.297
m =
162

= 2, 2


Gii
X no, n chc nn c CTTQ : C
n
H
2n
O
2


RCOOH RCOONa
3,88 gam 5,2 gam

X
m 5,2 - 3,88
n = = = 0,06
M 22

Ta c: X
3,88 194 194 7
M = 14n + 32 = n =
0, 06 3 3 3
=

n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n - 2
C H O + O nCO + nH O
2
3n - 2
0,06 0,06.
2

2
O
3n - 2
n = 0,06. = 0,15 mol
2
V = 3, 36 lt

Gii
Phng trnh phn ng thu gn:
September 2011
Trang 108
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
2 2 3
S + O SO
x x x
3
2Fe + O Fe O
2
4y
y
3

Ban u c:
2
2
O
N
n = 0,2 mol
n = 0,8 mol

Sau phn ng:
2
2
2
O
N
SO
n = 0,2 - (x + y) (1,2%)
n = 0,8 (84,8%) n = 0,2 - (x + y) + 0,8 + x = 1 - y
n = x (14%)

Ta c:
2
2
N
SO
0,8
7
%n = = 0,848
x =
1-y
53
x 3
%n = = 0,14 y =
1-y 53

t a, b ln lt l s mol ca FeS v FeS
2

Bo ton nguyn t Fe v S ta c:

2
FeS
FeS
4y 4 1 88
a + b = = a = m =
3 53 53 53

7 3 360
a + 2b = x = b = m =
53 53 53










FeS
%m = 19, 64%

Gii
Ta c:
+
3
2
4
Cu
H
NO
SO
n = 0,12
n = 0,32
n = 0,12
n = 0,1

+ 2
3 2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3Cu + 2NO + 4H O
0,12 0,32 0,08
+

3
NO
n

cn li
= 0,04 mol
m
rn khan
=
2+ 2
4 3
Cu SO NO
m m + m
d
= 19,76 gam
September 2011
Trang 109
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t cng thc chung ca 3 axit l R(COOH)
x


3
+ NaHCO
x 2
R(COOH) xCO
0,7
0,7 mol
x

-COOH [O]
axit
0,7
n = x. = 0,7 n = 0,7.2 = 1,4
x

Bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:

2 2 2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
H O axit O CO
y = n = n + n - n = 1,4 + 0,4.2 - 0,8.2 = 0, 6 mol

Gii
Nhn xt:
2 2 4
H H SO
n = 0,02 < n = 0,03 nn H
2
SO
4
d, Fe v Al phn ng ht 0,32 gam cht rn l
Cu n
Cu
= 0,005
t:
2
Cu Fe
H Al
56a + 27b = 0,87 - m = 0,49 n = a mol a = 0,005

a + 1,5b = n = 0,02 b = 0,01 n = b mol

2 4
H SO
n
d
= 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol
+
H
n = 0,02 mol
Khi thm 0,005 mol NaNO
3
vo , ta ln lt c cc phn ng

+ 2
3 2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3Cu + 2NO + H O
1 1 1
0,005 0,005
75 300 300
+

+
H
n
d
=
1 1
0, 02 -
75 150
= tip tc oxi ho Fe
2+
trong mi trng
-
3
NO

2+ + 3+
3 2
3Fe + 4H + NO 3Fe + NO + 2H O
1 1 1
0,005 0,005
150 600 600

Nhn thy H
+
v
-
3
NO ht, ton b Fe
2+
b oxi ho thnh Fe
3+
, nn trong dung dch sau phn ng
ch cn ion kim loi v
2-
4
SO 0,03 mol
September 2011
Trang 110
LangQuang.YDS

m
mui
=
2-
4
KL
SO
m + m = 0,87 + 23.0,005 + 96.0,03 = 3, 865 gam
Lu : Ngoi ion kim loi ban u cn c ion Na
+


Gii
T khi lng ring ta c:
1,55 gam Ca chim th tch l 1 cm
3


1, 55
40
mol Ca chim th tch l 1 cm
3

1 mol Ca chim th tch l
40
1, 55
cm
3
(th tch ny gm nguyn t Ca v khe rng)
Th tch thc m cc nguyn t Ca chim ly trong 1 mol =
40
.0,74 = V
1,55

Vy th tch 1 nguyn t Ca =
23
V
6, 02.10


Ta c:

3
Ca
4r
V =
3
r = 0,196 nm

Gii
Nhn xt: Cc cht u c cng thc tng qut l C
n
H
2n-2
O
2

Ta c:
2
CO
n = n = 0,18 mol +
Phng trnh t chy

n 2n-2 2 2 2
C H O nCO + (n - 1)H O
0,18 0,18
0,18 (n - 1).
n n

0,18
(14n + 30) = 3,42 n = 6
n

2
H O
n = 0,18(n - 1) = 0,15 mol

2 2
CO H O
m + m = 10,62 gam< m = 18 gam
Vy dung dch X gim 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam so vi ban u
September 2011
Trang 111
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
X: R-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-R
S O = 4 S C = 5
Etylen glicol chim 2C Trong axit c 3C R = H v R = CH
3
-

X + 2NaOH
0,125 0,25

X X
n = 0,125 m = 0,125.132 = 16, 5 gam

Gii

3 6 4 3 6 4 2
-CH COO-C H -COOH + 3KOH CH COOK + -KO-C H -COOK + 2H O
0,24 mol 0,72 mol
o o

KOH
V = 0, 72 lt

Gii

2
axit N
n = n = 0,2 mol
Nhn xt p n ta c Y l axit 2 chc

n 2n 2
2
n' 2n'-2 4
C H O a mol
0,48 mol CO
C H O b mol

Ta c:
2
CO
a + b = 0,2 a + b = 0,2 a = 0,12
an + bn' = n = 0,48 an + bn' = 0,48 b = 0,08
14(an + bn') + 32a + 62b = 15,52
a(14n+32) + b(14n' + 62) = 15,52

3n + 2n' = 12

Chn n = 2 v n = 3 Chn D.

September 2011
Trang 112
LangQuang.YDS

Gii

4
CuSO
2,7 gam X
Zn a mol
2,84 gam
Fe b mol

cht rn Z
Khi lng cht rn tng nn Zn v Fe u tc dng vi CuSO
4

(Nu Zn phn ng th khi lng cht rn gim v M
Cu
< M
Zn
, do Fe tham gia phn ng to
ra Cu c M
Cu
> M
Fe
b li lng gim ca Zn)
Z tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
nn trong Z c Fe d
m
cht rn gim
= m
Fe d
= 0,28 n
Fe d
= 0,005 mol
S mol Fe phn ng vi CuSO
4
= b 0,005

4
4
CuSO
CuSO
Zn Cu
a a
Fe Cu
(b-0,005) (b - 0,005)

Cu
m = 64a + 64(b - 0,005) = 2,84 - = 2,56 0, 28 (1)
Ta c:
X Zn Fe
m = m + m = 65a + 56b = 2,7 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,02 v b = 0,025
Fe
m = 1,4 gam
Fe
%m = 51, 85%

Gii
Ta c:
m
X gim
=
3 2 2 2 2
CaCO CO CO CO CO
m - m = 330 - m = 132 m = 198 gam n = 4,5 mol
6 10 5 n 6 12 6 2 2 5
H = 100%
(C H O ) nC H O 2nCO + 2nC H OH
4, 5
4,5 mol
2.90%

6 10 5 n
(C H O )
4, 5
m = .162 =
2.90%
405 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 113
LangQuang.YDS


+ -
- +
3 3
HCl H + Cl
0,001M 0,001M
CH COOH CH COO + H
Bd: 1 M 0 0
Pu: x x
-

-
+
[H ] = 0,001 + x
x
Kt: (1 - x) x x

- +
-5 -3 3
a
3
+ -3
[CH COO ][H ] x.(0,001 + x)
K = = = 1,75.10 x = 3,7.10
[CH COOH] 1 - x
[H ] = 4,7.10

pH = 2, 33


Gii
60 gam ipeptit + H
2
O 63,6 gam amino axit
2 2
H O H O
m = 63,6 - 60 = 3,6 n = 0,2 mol
Phng trnh tng qut:

2
amino axit
A-B + H O A + B
n = 0,4 mol
0,2 0,2 0,2

1
amino axit + HCl
10
0, 4
0,04
10

(t l 1:1)
p dng LBTKL:
m
mui
=
amino axit HCl
1
m + m = 6,36 + 0,04.36,5 =
10
7, 82 gam

Gii

2 4
+ H SO
3 4 4 2 4 3
2 4 3 4 4
Fe O FeSO + Fe (SO )
0,02 0,02
Cu + Fe (SO ) 2FeSO + CuSO
x x 2x

September 2011
Trang 114
LangQuang.YDS

Ch c FeSO
4
tc dng vi dung dch KMnO
4


+7 2 2+ 3+
Mn + 5e Mn Fe Fe + 1e
0,05 0,01 0,05 0,05
+

2+
Fe
n = 0,02 + 2x = 0,05 x = 0,015 mol =

Cu
Cu
n
m = 0, 96 gam

KHI B-2011 M 794



Gii
Ta c:
%m
N
= 11,864% m
N
= 14,16.11,864% = 168 gam
3
N
NO
n = 0,12 n = 0,12

3
KL X
NO
m = m - m = 14,16 - 0,12.62 =

6, 72 gam

Gii
T ch s axit bo:
1 gam cht bo cn 7 mg KOH trung ho axit bo t do
200 gam cht bo cn 1400 mg KOH
NaOH KOH
n = n = 0,025 mol

3 5 3 3 5 3
2
C H (OOCR) + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C H (OH)
x
x mol mol
3
R'COOH + NaOH R'COONa + H O

0,025 0,025

p dng LBTKL, ta c:
m
cht bo
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
glixerol
+
2
H O
m
x
200 + (x + 0,025).40 = 207,55 + 92. + 18.0,025
3
x = 0,75 mol

NaOH
n = x + 0,025 = 0,775 m = 31 gam
Lu :
- Ch s axit: S mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.
- Ch s este: S mg KOH cn x phng ht lng triglixerit c trong 1 gam cht bo.
September 2011
Trang 115
LangQuang.YDS

- Ch s x phng ho: S mg KOH dng x phng ho ht lng triglixerit v trung
ho lng axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo (tng ch s axit v este).
- Ch s iot: S gam iot c th cng vo lin kt bi trong mch cacbon ca 100 gam cht
bo.

Gii
S tn Fe
3
O
4
c trong x tn qung manhetit = 0,8x (tn)
3 4
Fe O
0,8x
n = tmol
232

S tn Fe c trong 800 tn gang = 800.95% = 760 (tn)
Lng st b hao ht 1% H = 99%

H = 99%
3 4
Fe O 3Fe 3Fe trong gang
0,8x 3.0,8x.99% 3.0,8x.99%

232 232 232



m
Fe trong gang
=
3.0,8x.99%
.56 760
232
= x = 1325,16tn

Gii
Ta c:
-
2+
4 4
2
4
OH
Ba BaSO BaSO
SO
n = 0,168
n = 0,012 n = 0,012 m = 2,796 gam
n = 0,02

Kt ta gm c Al(OH)
3
v BaSO
4

3 4 3
Al(OH) BaSO Al(OH)
m = 3,732 - m = 0,936 gam n = 0,012
X + Y:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,1 0,1

-
OH
n
d
= 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 >
3
Al(OH)
3n

c 2 phn ng xy ra:

3+ -
3
- -
3 4
Al + 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) + OH [Al(OH) ]

p dng cng thc:

3+ -
3
Al(OH)
Al OH
n = 4n - n 0,012 = 4z - 0,068 z = 0, 02 mol

September 2011
Trang 116
LangQuang.YDS

Bo ton in tch, suy ra t = 0,12 mol

Gii
2
H X
n = 0,05 = 2n Mi cht trong X c 2 lin kt loi B
Cc trng hp cn li khng c HCHO
Ta c:
2n
X
< n
Ag
< 4n
X
X gm R-CHO v R-(CHO)
2


Ag
2 X
RCHO 2Ag
2a + 4b = n = 0,08 a mol 2a mol a = 0,01

R'(CHO) 4Ag b = 0,015 a + b = n = 0,025
b mol 4b mol

Mt khc

2
X RCHO R'(CHO)
m = m + m 0,01(R + 29) + 0,015(R' + 58) = 1,64
R + 1,5R' = 48

Chn R = 27 (CH
2
=CH-) v R = 14 (-CH
2
-)
X: CH
2
=CH-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO

Gii
X c cng thc chung l: C
x
H
4

Ta c:

2
X
X
H
d = 34 M = 34 12x + 4 = 34 x = 2,5
Phng trnh t chy:

2,5 4 2 2
C H 2,5CO + 2H O
0,05 0,075 0,1

m
bnh tng
=
2 2
H O CO
m + m = 7, 3 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 117
LangQuang.YDS


3 2
4 2 4 2 2
3
KClO KCl + O
2
a 1,5a
2KMnO K MnO + MnO + O
b 0,5b

Kh Y gm c CO v CO
2
Ta c:
2
Y CO
CO
Y
n = 0,03 mol
M = 32

n = 0,01 mol
n = 0,04

2
2 O
2
CO 0,03 mol
C + O n = 0,025 mol
CO 0,01 mol

(bo ton O)
Ta c h phng trnh

4
2
X
KMnO
O
122, 5a + 158b = m = 4,385
a = 0,01
%m =
1,5a + 0,5b = n = 0,025 b = 0,02

72, 06%

Gii

2
3
2
2 2
CO H Cu
+ HNO
CuO + CO Cu + CO
CuO + H Cu + H O
n + n = n = 0,6 mol
3Cu 2NO
0,6 0,4

Ta c:

2 2 2
CO CO H O CO
n + n + n = 0,7 n = 0,7 - 0,6 = 0,1 mol
H
2
O + C
nng

2
2
CO 0,1 mol
CO a mol
H b mol

p dng LBT electron:

0 +2
+1
2
0 +4
C + 2e C
2a a 2H + 2e H
2b b C + 4e C
0,4 0,1

Ta c h phng trnh:
September 2011
Trang 118
LangQuang.YDS


CO
a + b = 0,6 a = 0,2
0, 2
%V = =
2a + 0,4 = 2b b = 0,4 0, 7




28, 57%

Gii
Ta c:
+
Cu
Ag
H
n = 0,02
n = 0,005
n = 0,09

Phng trnh phn ng

+ 2
3 2
+ +
3 2
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3Cu + 2NO + 4H O
4 1
0,02
75 75
3Ag + 4H + NO 3Ag + NO + 2H O
1
0,005
150
+

NO
n = 0,015 mol
1

600


2 2
-3
3
2 2 2 3
-3
1
NO + O NO
2
0, 015 7,5.10 0,015
[HNO ] = 0,1
1
2NO + O + H O 2HNO
2
0,015 3,75.10 0,015

pH = 1

Gii
Ta c:

2
4
4
BaSO
SO
n = 0,144 n = 0,144

2 4 3
Al (SO )
y = n = 0, 048 mol
3+
- -
3
3
Al
Al(OH)
OH OH
Al(OH)
n = x + 0,096
n = 0,612 n > 3n
n = 0,108

c hai phn ng xy ra

3+ -
3
- -
3 4
Al + 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) + OH [Al(OH) ]

September 2011
Trang 119
LangQuang.YDS

p dng cng thc, ta c:

3+ -
3
Al(OH)
Al OH
n = 4n - n 0,108 = 4(x + 0,096) - 0,612 x = 0, 084
x : y = 7 : 4

Gii
Ta c:
X
2,75
M = 44 X: O
[O] 2
n = 2, 75V
Cng thc chung ca Y: C
n
H
2n+3
N
Y
4
M = 35,666 14n + 17 = 35,666 n = 1,333
3
~
Phng trnh t chy

n 2n+3 2,75 2 2 2
1 1 2
C H N + O nCO + (n + 1,5)H O + 0,5N
V nV (n + 1,5)V

Bo ton nguyn t, ta c:

2,75 2 2
[O] [O] [O] 2 1 1
O CO H O
2 1
n = n + n 2,75V = 2nV + (n + 1,5)V
4
2,75V = 5,5V (n = )
3

1 2
V : V = 1 : 2


Gii
E tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c CO2, vy trong E c (NH4)2CO3 Y l HCHO

4 2 3 2
Ag
HCHO (NH ) CO CO
0, 035 0,035
HCHO 4Ag
0,14 + 2x = n = 0,17 x = 0,015 mol
0,035 0,14
Z 2Ag
x 2x

Ta c:

X Y Z Z
Z
m = m + m = 1,89 30.0,035 + 0,015.M = 1,89
M = 56

Z: CH
2
=CH-CHO (anehit acrylic)
September 2011
Trang 120
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

37
17
37.24, 23%
% Cl = 8, 92%
100, 5
=


Gii
2
2 2
2
CO
CO H O
H O
n = 0,25
n < n
n = 0,35

X v Y no, n chc

2
2 2
CO
X+Y H O CO
X+Y
2 5 3 7
n
n = n - n = 0,1 C = = 2,5
n
X: C H OH v Y: C H OH

Do C l trung bnh cng ca 2 v 3 nn n
X
= n
Y
= 0,05 mol
t a, b ln lt l s mol ca X v Y tham gia phn ng ete ha
Ta c:

2
ete H O ete
n = 0,015 n = n = 0,015 mol
p dng LBTKL, ta c

2
2
ancol ete H O
ancol H O
m = m + m 46a + 60b = 1,25 + 0,015.18 = 1,52
n = 2n a + b = 0,03
a = 0,02
b = 0,01

X Y
0, 02 0, 01
H = H =
0, 05 0, 05
= = 40% 20%

Gii
September 2011
Trang 121
LangQuang.YDS

2 3 2 3
HCl
2
HCl
du 2
2Al + Cr O Al O + 2Cr
0,06 0,03 0,03 0,06
Cr H
0, 06 0,06
3
Al H
2
x 1,5x

2
H
n = 0,06 + 1,5x = 0,09 x = 0, 02 mol
X(Al
2
O
3
, Cr, Al
d
) + NaOH c, nng:

2 3 2 4
2 4 2
Al O + 2NaOH + 3H O 2Na[Al(OH) ]
0,03 0,06
3
Al + NaOH + 3H O Na[Al(OH) ] + H
2
0,02 0,02

NaOH
n = 0, 08 mol

Gii
Ban u:
2
3
-
CO
OH
n = 0,02
n = 0,1x

Ta c :

2-
3
3
BaCO
CO
trong Y
n = 0,06 n 0, 06 =
Phng trnh phn ng:

-
2 3
- 2
3 3 2
CO + OH HCO
0,1 0,1
HCO + OH CO + H O
(0,1x - 0,1) (0,1x - 0,1) (0,1x - 0,1)

2
3
CO
n = 0,02 + (0,1x - 0,1) = 0,06

x = 1, 4


Gii
X c cng thc chung l: C
x
H
6
O
2

September 2011
Trang 122
LangQuang.YDS


6 2 2 2
x
X
C H O xCO + 3H O
0,04 0,04x 0,12 mol
n = 0,04 mol

Ta c:

X
m = 3,08 0,04.(12x + 38) = 3,08 x = 3,25
2
CO
n = 0,04.x = 0,13 mol
Nhn xt: metyl axetat v etyl fomat u c 1 lin kt trong phn t nn khi t chy cho s
mol H
2
O bng s mol CO
2
, chnh lch s mol H
2
O v CO
2
do vinyl axetat to ra

2 2
vinyl axetat CO H O
n = n - n = 0,01 mol
%n = 25%

Lu : Kt qu trn c c t kho st phng trnh t chy.

Gii
Ta c:
S C =
2
CO
M
n
3
n
= ankin: C
3
H
4

S
2
H O
M
2n
H = = 3,6
n
< 4 anehit ch c th l C
3
H
2
O
t:
3 4
3 2
C H
C H O
x = 1
n = a
n = b

ta c h phng trnh:

2
H O
a + b = 1
a = 0,8
2a + b = n = 1,8
b = 0,2

%n
anehit
= 20%

Gii
Theo LBTKL, ta c
X Y
X Y X Y Y Y
m = m n .M = n .M 2.18,8 = n .37,6 n = 1
Suy ra:
2
H
n
phn ng
= n
X
n
Y
= 1
September 2011
Trang 123
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
2 2
RCHO + H RCH OH
1 1 mol
1
RCH OH H
2
1 0,5 mol
Na

V = 11,2 lt

Gii
Ta c:
R 2 2
R
14.1
%N = 15,73 =0,1573 M = 89 X: NH -CH -COO-
M

3
CH
S phn ng:
3 3
AgNO /NH NaOH CuO
2 2 3 3

NH -CH -COO-CH CH OH HCHO 4Ag
0,03 mol


0,12 mol

m = 2,67 gam

Gii
Lu : Tnh oxi ha tng dn theo th t:

2+ 3+ 2+
2+
Fe Fe Zn
< <
Zn Fe
Fe

C ngha l Zn s kh Fe
3+
xung Fe
2+
ri xung Fe
Phng trnh phn ng:

3+ 2+ 2+
2+ 2+
Zn + 2Fe 2Fe + Zn
0,12 0,24
Zn + Fe Zn + Fe
x x mol

m
dd gim
= m
Zn
m
Fe
= 9,6 65(0,12 + x) 56x = 9,6 x = 0,2 mol
n
Zn
= 0,32 mol m = 20,8 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 124
LangQuang.YDS


C
4
H
10
C
4
H
8
+ H
2
~ Br
2

C
4
H
10
C
4
H
6
+ 2H
2
~ 2Br
2

C
4
H
10

Ta c:
X
M = 23,2
Gi s
4 10
C H
n
ban u
= 1, p dng LBTKL, ta c:

4 10
C H Y Y
Y
58.n = n .M
1.58 = n .23,2

4 10
C H X
Y
m = m
n = 2, 5

2 4 10
H Y C H
n = n - n = 2,5 - 1 = 1,5 =
2
Br
n
Vy 2,5 mol Y cn 1,5 mol Br
2

0,6 mol Y cn 0,36 mol

Gii
4
KMnO
n = 0,03 mol
p dng LBT e:

+7 +2 +2 +3
Mn + 5e Mn Fe Fe + 1e
0,003 0,015 0,015 0,015

Vy 20 ml c 0,015 mol Fe
2+

150 ml c 0,1125 mol Fe
2+

4 4
FeSO FeSO
m = 17,1 gam %m = 68, 4%

Gii
Ta c:
S H =
2
H O
X
2n
2
n
=

3
NaHCO
2
x
R(COOH) xCO
a ax = 1,6 a

x =1, 6

Y c 1 nhm COOH v Z a chc, do khng c axit hu c no c 1H nn c hai axit u c
2H
Y: HCOOH (x mol) v HOOC-COOH (y mol)
September 2011
Trang 125
LangQuang.YDS

Gi s a = 1, ta c h phng trnh:

2 2
HCOOH
HCOOH
CO (COOH)
m = 18,4 x + y = 1
x = 0,4
%m =
x + 2y = n = 1,6 m = 54 y = 0,6






25, 41%

Gii

2 2 2
CO ( ) + H O ( ) CO ( ) + H ( ) k k k k
Ban u: 0,2 0,3
Phn ng: x x x x
Kt thc: (0,2 x) (0,3 x) x x

2
2 2
C
2
[CO ][H ] x
K = 1
[CO][H O] (0,2 - x)(0,3 - x)
x = 0,12 mol
= =

2
CO
H O 2
0, 08
n = 0,08 [CO] =
10
0,18
n =0,18 [H O] =
10

0, 008M
0, 018M


Gii
Gi x l s mol ca Cu tham gia phn ng:

+ 2
Cu + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag
x 2x x
+

Trong X c (0,08 2x) mol Ag
+
v x mol Cu
2+

Cho Zn vo X, p dng LBT e ta c:

+
2+
2+
Ag + 1e Ag
(0, 08 - 2x) (0,08 - 2x) Zn Zn + 2e
0,04 0,08 Cu + 2e Cu
x 2x

n
Zn d
= 0,09 0,04 = 0,05 mol m
Zn d
= 3,25 gam
Ta c khi lng Ag kt thc 2 phn ng = 0,08.108 = 8,64 gam (do Zn d nn AgNO
3
ht)
m
cht rn c 2 phn ng
= 10,53 + 7,76 = 18,29
= 0,08
September 2011
Trang 126
LangQuang.YDS

m
Cu
+ m
Ag
+ m
Zn d
= 18,29 m
Cu
= 6,4 gam
Nhn xt: Cu tham gia phn ng (1) sau c to thnh phn ng (2) vi khi lng bng
nhau, c th xem Cu khng thay i khi lng trong phn ng.

----------The End----------
Muc luc:
Nam Trang
A-2007.......................................... 1
B-2007 .......................................... 17
A-2008.......................................... 27
B-2008 .......................................... 37
A-2009.......................................... 47
B-2009 .......................................... 60
A-2010.......................................... 74
B-2010 .......................................... 89
A-2011.......................................... 101
B-2011 .......................................... 114





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thi i hc sp n, trong bi gii t nhiu cng c sai st, cc bn hy gp v gi phn hi
v:
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