Luan Van CNghe M NG MAN-E

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MC LC
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MC LC .............................................................................................................0 DANH MC CC K HIU, CH CI VIT TT.........................................3 DANH MC HNH V ........................................................................................7 DANH MC BNG ..............................................................................................9
M U..............................................................................................................10 NI DUNG ..........................................................................................................12 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGN.................................................................12

1.1 KHI NIM V C IM MNG NGN.............................................................12 1.1.1 Khi nim .......................................................................................................12 1.1.2 c im ca mng NGN ...............................................................................13 1.2 CU TRC LOGIC MNG TH H MI ............................................................14 1.2.1 Lp truyn dn v truy nhp ...........................................................................16 1.2.2 Lp truyn thng ............................................................................................17 1.2.3 Lp iu khin................................................................................................18 1.2.4 Lp ng dng/dch v .....................................................................................19 1.2.5 Mt phng qun l ..........................................................................................19 1.3 CU TRC VT L ..............................................................................................20 1.4 CC CNG NGH C P DNG CHO MNG TH H MI......................21 1.4.1 IP .......................................................................................................................21 1.4.2 ATM ...................................................................................................................22
1 1.4.3 MPLS .................................................................................................................23 Kt lun chng 1.......................................................................................................25
CHNG 2: CNG NGH MNG MAN-E V CC DCH V TRN MNG MAN-E ...................................................................................................26
2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MNG MAN-E ..................................................26 2.1.1 Tng quan mng quang Ethernet.....................................................................26 2.1.2 Cc tnh nng ca MAN-E ..............................................................................27 2.1.3 Cu trc mng MAN-E ...................................................................................28 2.1.4 M hnh phn lp mng MAN-E ....................................................................29 2.1.5 Cc im tham chiu trong mng MAN-E ......................................................31 2.1.6 Cc thnh phn vt l trong mng MAN-E .....................................................33 2.1.7 Li ch dng dch v Ethernet .........................................................................34 2.2 CC DCH V CUNG CP QUA MNG MAN-E ................................................36 2.2.1 M hnh dch v Ethernet................................................................................36 2.2.2 Knh kt ni o Ethernet (EVC: Ethernet Virtual Connection)........................37 2.2.3 Cc loi dch v trong MAN-E .......................................................................38 2.2.4 Cc thuc tnh dch v Ethernet ......................................................................44 2.3 CC YU CU V HIU NNG CHO MNG MAN-E ........................................52 2.3.1 kh dng ...................................................................................................52 2.3.2 tr khung ...................................................................................................53 2.3.3 tri khung..................................................................................................54 2.3.4 T l tn tht khung ........................................................................................55 Kt lun chng 2.......................................................................................................56
CHNG 3: M HNH TRIN KHAI MNG MAN-E TI VNPT ............57

3.1 KIN TRC MNG ..............................................................................................57 3.2 MNG MAN-E DA TRN CNG NGH MPLS................................................58 Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
2 3.2.1 Thit k lu lng MPLS ...............................................................................59 3.2.2 Hi phc ng hm.......................................................................................62 3.2.3 H tr cht lng dch v trong mng MPLS..................................................64 3.3 PHNG N KT NI, QUN L ......................................................................66 3.3.1 Phng n kt ni ...........................................................................................66 3.3.2 Phng n qun l mng.................................................................................67 3.4 H THNG QUN L IU KHIN MNG MAN-E ..........................................68 3.4.1 Qun l topo mng..........................................................................................68 3.4.2 Qun l ti nguyn..........................................................................................69 3.4.3 Qun l li ......................................................................................................69 3.4.4 Qun l hiu nng...........................................................................................70 3.4.5 Qun l bo mt..............................................................................................70 3.4.6 Qun l cu hnh.............................................................................................70 3.4.7 Cu hnh dch v qua giao din ho (provisiong)........................................70 3.4.8 Cu hnh trn thit b mng (cc router NE40E)..............................................71 3.5 XY DNG MNG MAN-E VNPT THI NGUYN .............................................71 3.5.1 nh hng xy dng mng MAN-E ..............................................................71 3.5.2 nh c mng MAN-E...................................................................................72 Kt lun chng 3.......................................................................................................79
KT LUN V NGH .................................................................................80 TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................................81 PH LC ............................................................................................................82
Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7
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DANH MC CC K HIU, CH CI VIT TT

API AS ATM BGP BRAS BSS CBS CDMA CE CE-VLAN CIDR CIR CoS CPE CR-LDP C-VLAN DUT DWDM E-LAN E-LINE EPL EP-LAN E-Tree EVC EVPL Application Programming Interface Autonomous System Asynchronous Transfer Mode Border Gateway Protocol Broadband Remote Access Server Base Station Subsystem Commintted Burst Size Code Division Multiple Access Customer Edge Customer Edge Virtual LAN Classless Interdomain Routing Commintted Information Rate Class of Service Customer Premises Equipment Constranint - based Routing Label Distribution Protocol Carrier VLAN Device Under Test Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex Ethernet LAN Ethernet Line Ethernet Private Line Ethernet Private LAN Ethernet Tree Ethernet Virtual Connection Ethernet Virtual Private Line giao din lp trnh ng dng mt tp hp cc mng c cng chnh sch nh tuyn Ch chuyn mch khng ng b Giao thc nh tuyn ton cu My ch truy nhp bng rng t xa H thng trm gc Kch thc bng n cam kt a truy nhp phn chia theo m Pha khch hng VLAN ph khch hng nh tuyn gia cc Min khng phn bit lp Tc truyn thng cam kt Lp dch v Thit b pha khch hng Giao thc phn phi nh nh tuyn cng bc VLAN truyn ti Thit b c o kim Ghp knh theo bc sng ghp mt cao Dch v mng LAN qua Ethernet Dch v ng thu bao qua Ethernet ng thu knh ring Ethernet Mn LAN ring qua mng Ethetnet Dch v dng cy qua Ethernet ng kt ni o ng thu knh ring o qua mng Ethernet Mng LAN ring o qua mng ethernet Tp hp cc gi vo m c Lun vn thc s
EVP-LAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7
4 cng mt nhn ra nh tuyn li nhanh My ch c tnh H cng ngh s dng cp quang ti mt im Gigabit Ethenet H thng thng tin di ng ton cu Giao thc iu khin truyn tin trn mng T chc c nhim k thut Internet Giao thc nh tuyt Gateway bn trong mng thng minh Giao thc internet Truyn hnh Internet Cng ngh bng hp Nh cung cp dch v Internet Hip hi vin thng quc t Mng ni b ng chuyn mch nhn B nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn B nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn iu khin truy nhp mi trng Mng th s dng cng ngh Ethernet Kch thc bng n ti a Din n Metro Ethernet cng phng tin B iu khin cng phng tin a im n a im Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc Cng phng tin Thit b truy cp a dch v Lun vn thc s
FRR FS FTTx GE GSM ICMP IETF IGP IN IP IPTV ISDN ISP ITU LAN LSP LSR LSR MAC MAN-E MBA MEF MG MGC MP2MP MPLS MS MSAN
Fast ReRouter Feature Server Fiber To The x Gigabit Ethenet Global System for Mobile Communications Internet Control Message Protocol Internet Engineering Task Force
Interior Gateway Protocol Intelligent network Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Television Integrated Services Digital Network Internet Service Provider International Telecommunications Union Local Area Network Label-Switched Path Label Switch Router Label-Switched Router Medium Access Control Metro Area Network - Ethernet Maximum Burst Size Metro Ethernet Forum Media Gateway Media Gateway Controller Multi Point to Multi Point MultiProtocol Label Switching Media server Multi Service Access Node
5 Network Element Thnh phn mng Network - Network Interface Giao din Mng - Mng Kt cui mng Network Termination Mnagj th h sau Next generation networking Open Systems Interconnection Reference M hnh tham chiu kt ni h Model thng m L giao thc nh tuyn theo Open Shortest Path First trng thi ng lien kt qun l vn hnh h thng Operations Support System mng Point to Point im n im My tnh c nhn Personal Computer Peak Information Rate Tc truyn thng ti a Passive Optical Networks mng quang th ng mng chuyn mch in thoi Public Switched Telephone Network cng cng Permanent Virtual Circuit chuyn tip khung Quality of Service Cht lng dch v Resource Reservation Protocol Giao thc ng k trc ti nguyn o lu lng thi gian thc real time flow measurement Synchronous Digital Hierarchy H thng phn cp s ng b Service Excution Node gm cc nt thc thi dch v Signaling Gateway Cng bo hi Service Level Agreement Tho thun cp dch v Synchronous Optical Network Mng quang ng b Service Provider VLAN VLAN pha nh cung cp dch v Time division multiplexing Ghp knh theo thi gian Transport Edge Kt cui truyn dn Type of Service Loi dch v User - Network Interface Giao din ngi dng - Mng Virtual LAN Mng LAN o Virtual LAN Indentify S hin VLAN Voice over Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network Wide Area Network Wavelength Division Multiplex Thoi qua giao thc IP Mng ring o Mng din rng Ghp knh theo bc sng Lun vn thc s
NE NNI NT NGN OSI OSPF OSS P2P PC PIR PON PSTN PVC QoS RSVP RTFM SDH SEN SG SLA SONET S-VLAN TDM TE ToS UNI VLAN VLAN ID VoIP VPN WAN WDM
6 quang Cc dch v knh thu bao s
xDSL
x Digital Subcriber Line
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DANH MC HNH V
Trang Hnh 1.1: S hi t gia thoi v s liu, c nh v di ng trong NGN ........................12 Hnh 1.2: Cu trc lun l mng th h mi ....................................................................15 Hnh 1.3: M hnh 5 lp chc nng ca NGN .................................................................16 Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng MAN-E ...................................................................................17 Hnh 1.5: Cc thnh phn ca Softswitch........................................................................18 Hnh 1.6: Cu trc vt l mng NGN ..............................................................................20 Hnh 2.1: Cu trc mng MAN-E in hnh...................................................................29 Hnh 2.2: M hnh mng MAN-E theo cc lp...............................................................30 Hnh 2.3: M hnh cc im tham chiu..........................................................................32 Hnh 2.4: Giao din UNI v m hnh tham chiu MAN-E...............................................33 Hnh 2.5: M hnh cung cp cc dch v Ethernet qua mng MAN-E ............................36 Hnh 2.6: EVC im im............................................................................................37 Hnh 2.7: EVC im a im ......................................................................................38 Hnh 2.8: EVC dng cy .................................................................................................38 Hnh 2.9: Khun kh nh ngha dch v Ethernet ..........................................................39 Hnh 2.10: Dch v E-Line..............................................................................................40 Hnh 2.11: Dch v E-LAN.............................................................................................41 Hnh 2.12 . Qu trnh thc hin khi thm mt UNI vo mng MAN-E...........................42 Hnh 2.13: Dch v E-Tree..............................................................................................42 Hnh 2.14: Dch v E-Tree nhiu gc..............................................................................43 Hnh 2.15: Ghp knh dch v ........................................................................................44 Hnh 2.16: VLAN tag Preservation/Stacking ..................................................................50 Hnh 2.17: VLAN tag Translation/Swapping ..................................................................51 Hnh 2.18: S phn chia tr trong mng .....................................................................54 Hnh 3.1: Cu trc phn lp mng MAN-E.....................................................................58 Hnh 3.2: Chn header trong MPLS ................................................................................59 Hnh 3.3: Gi tin gn nhn MPLS...................................................................................59 Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
8 Hnh 3.4: Lung gi tin/nhn khi thc hin FRR cho bao v tuyn kt ni .....................63 Hnh 3.5: Lung gi tin/nhn khi thc hin FRR cho bao v nt.....................................64 Hnh 3.6: M hnh kt ni mng MAN-E vi mng ng trc ......................................67 Hnh 3.7: Topo mng MAN-E ........................................................................................69 Hnh 3.8 S mng MAN-E Thi Nguyn giai on 2010 2011................................79
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DANH MC BNG
Trang Bng 3.1: Danh sch cc Node MANE ...........................................................................78
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10 M U Trong nhng nm gn y, vi s pht trin nhanh chng, vt bc ca cc cng ngh truy nhp bng rng mi (xDSL, FTTx) v cc dch v mi (VoIP, IPTV, VoD), c bit l xu hng tin ln NGN ca c nh khai thc Vin thng: Yu cu v bng thng kt ni ti cc thit b truy nhp (IPDSLAM, MSAN) ngy cng cao, yu cu v c s h tng truyn ti phi p ng cc cng ngh mi ca IP sn sng cho cc dch v mi ngy cng tng: multicast, end-to-end QoS, bandwitdh-ondemand, yu cu p ng bng thng cung cp trc tip theo nhu cu ca khch hng khch hng (FE, GE), v cc yu cu khc Tt c cc yu cu trn dn n s pht trin bng n ca mng MAN trong cc thnh ph, c bit l mng Ethernet-based MAN truyn ti lu lng IP. H thng cp quang cho php cung cp dch v vi tc ngy cng cao v gi thnh ngy cng gim. Tc truyn dn t 100Mbps dn c thay th bng tc Gbps. 10Gbps thm ch 40Gbps. Vic ny cho php cc nh cung cp dch v c th s dng cng ngh Ethernet n gin truyn thng tin vi khong cch xa hn. Vi cng ngh Ethernet truyn thng trn mng cp ng khong cch truyn dn ch tnh bng n v hng chc mt hoc 100 mt th vi cng ngh cp quang, khong cch truyn dn tng hng trm nghn ln ln n hng chc KM. S dng cng ngh MAN-E cung cp dch v cht lng cao, dch v a dng n khch hng ca cc nh cung cp dch v ang l xu hng chung trn ton th gii. Cng ngh Ethernet c hu ht cc nh cng cp thit b trn th gii h tr
Ti Vit Nam cn ngh mng MAN-E c mt s nh cung cp dch v vin thng trin khai v a vo khai thc thnh cng. Tiu biu l mng MAN-E ca Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam VNPT, Tp on VNPT pht trin mng MAN-E d vo cc c im nh sau: Hiu qu chi ph: Chi ph u t v vn hnh thp. n gin: c tiu chun ha v khng ngng c pht trin. c ng dng rng ri trong tt c cc t chc, doanh nghip v thit b gia nh.
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linh ng cao: Qun l bng thng v m rng bng thng kt ni rt d dng. H tr rt nhiu m hnh kt ni (topology) khc nhau. Ti u cho vic truyn ti thng tin dng gi, c bit l cc gi tin IP. Mng MAN-E l phn khc mng nm gia lp Core v lp Access, c t chc nng thu gom lu lng v m bo yu cu v cht lng dch v cho khch hng. Mng MAN-E chnh l yu t ct li cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai cung cp cc dch v bng rng cht lng cao i vi khch hng. Ti Vit Nam cng ngh mng MAN-E ang trong qu trnh trin khai do c rt nhiu vn cn nghin cu v pht trin tuy nhin trong lun vn ny xin c i vo Tm hiu cng ngh mng MAN-E v ng dng ca mng MAN-E ti VNPT Thi Nguyn. ti bao gm 3 chng: Chng 1: Nu ln cc khi nim v mng NGN, cu trc logic v cu trc vt l ca mng NGN t xc nh mng MAN-E thuc lp no trong mng NGN. Chng 2: Nu ln cc khai nim chung v mng MAN-E nh: nh ngha, m hnh phn lp, cc thnh phn c bn, cc dch v c bn v cc u nhc im ca cc dch v . ng thi nu cc nh ngha v tham s hiu nng trong mng MAN-E. Chng 3: M hnh trin khai mng MAN-E ti VNPT, gii thiu v cng ngh v m hnh trin khai h thng mng ca VNPT ti Vit Nam trn c s xy dng mng MAN-E giai on 2 ti VNPT Thi Nguyn. Trong qu trnh lm lun vn ti nhn c nhiu kin ng gm, gip qu bu ca cc thy c gio cng cc bn b ng nghip Xin gi li cm n su sc nht ti thy gio PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Tam, ngi tn tnh hng dn, gip ti hon thnh lun vn ny. Xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio khoa CNTT i hc Thi Nguyn, cc thy c gio ti Vin Cng ngh Thng tin Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam, nhng ngi trang b cho ti nhng kin thc qu bu trong qu trnh hc tp. Cm n s gip , to iu kin ca cc ng nghip ni ti ang cng tc: VNPT Thi Nguyn gip v to iu kin ti hon thnh lun vn ca mnh
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12 NI DUNG CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGN 1.1 KHI NIM V C IM MNG NGN 1.1.1 Khi nim Mng th h sau (NGN) l mng chuyn mch gi c kh nng cung cp cc dch v vin thng v to ra ng dng bng thng rng, cc cng ngh truyn ti m bo cht lng dch v, trong cc chc nng dch v c lp vi cc cng ngh truyn ti lin quan NGN l mng: C h tng thng tin duy nht da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi. Trin khai cc dch v mt cch a dng v nhanh chng. p ng s hi t gia thoi v s liu, gia c nh v di ng. Cc h thng h tr c kh nng mm do, cho php khch hng s dng nhiu loi hnh dch v m ch cn mt nh cung cp.
Hnh 1.1: S hi t gia thoi v s liu, c nh v di ng trong NGN Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
13 1.1.2 c im ca mng NGN NGN c bn c im chnh Nn tng l h thng m; Dch v thc hin c lp vi mng li; NGN l mng da trn nn chuyn mch gi, s dng cc giao thc thng nht; L mng c dung lng ngy cng tng, c tnh thch ng cao, c dung lng p ng nhu cu. Trc ht, do p dng c cu m m: Cc khi chc nng ca tng i truyn thng chia thnh cc phn t mng c lp, cc phn t c phn theo chc nng tng ng v pht trin mt cch c lp. Giao din v giao thc gia cc b phn phi da trn cc tiu chun tng ng. Vic phn tch chc nng lm cho mng vin thng truyn thng dn dn i theo hng mi, nh kinh doanh c th cn c vo nhu cu dch v t t hp cc phn t khi t chc mng li. Vic tiu chun ha giao thc gia cc phn t c th thc hin lin kt gia cc mng c cu hnh khc nhau. Tip n, vic tch dch v c lp vi mng nhm thc hin mt cch linh hot v c hiu qu vic cung cp dch v. Thu bao c th t b tr v xc nh c trng dch v ca mnh, khng quan tm n mng truyn ti dch v v loi hnh u cui. iu lm cho vic cung cp dch v v ng dng c tnh linh hot cao hn. Th ba, NGN da trn c s mng chuyn mch gi v cc giao thc thng nht. Mng thng tin hin nay, d l mng vin thng, mng my tnh hay mng truyn hnh cp, u khng th ly mt trong cc mng lm nn tng xy dng c s h tng thng tin. Nhng my nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh IP, ngi ta mi nhn thy r rng l mng vin thng, mng my tnh v mng truyn hnh cp cui cng ri cng tch hp trong mt mng IP thng nht, l xu th ln m ngi ta thng gi l dung hp ba mng. Giao thc IP lm cho cc dch v ly IP lm c s u c th thc hin lin kt cc mng khc nhau; con ngi ln u tin c c giao Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
14 thc thng nht m ba mng ln u c th chp nhn c; t c s vng chc v mt k thut cho h tng c s thng tin quc gia. Giao thc IP thc t tr thnh giao thc ng dng vn nng v bt u c s dng lm c s cho cc mng a dch v, mc d hin ti vn cn nhiu khuyt im v kh nng h tr lu lng thoi v cung cp cht lng dch v m bo cho s liu. Tuy nhin, chnh tc i mi nhanh chng trong th gii Internet, m n c to iu kin bi s pht trin ca cc tiu chun m s sm khc phc nhng thiu st ny. NGN l nn tng cho c s h tng thng tin quc gia . Th t: NGN mng c dung lng v tnh thch ng cao, nng lc p ng nhu cu: C kh nng cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v a phng tin bng thng cao. C kh nng thch ng vi cc mng tn ti tn dng c s h tng mng, dch v v khch hng sn c. 1.2 CU TRC LOGIC MNG TH H MI Hin nay vn cha c mt khuyn ngh c th no ca ITU v cu trc ca NGN. C nhiu nh vin thng ln trn th gii a ra m hnh NGN nh Alcatel, Ericsion, Nortel, Lucent T nhng m hnh ca cc hng, m hnh cu trc ca NGN c chia ra lm bn lp chc nng: Lp truy nhp v truyn dn Lp truyn thng Lp iu khin Lp qun l Kin trc mng NGN s dng chuyn mch gi cho c thoi v d liu. N phn chia cc khi vng chc ca tng i hin nay thnh cc lp mng ring l, cc lp ny lin kt vi nhau qua cc giao din m tiu chun Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
15 H thng chuyn mch NGN c phn thnh bn lp ring bit thay v tch hp thnh mt h thng nh cng ngh chuyn mch knh hin nay: lp ng dng, lp iu khin, lp truyn thng, lp truy nhp v truyn dn. Cc giao din m c s tch bit gia dch v v truyn dn cho php cc dch v mi c a vo nhanh chng, d dng; nhng nh khai thc c th chn la cc nh cung cp thit b tt nht cho tng lp trong m hnh mng NGN.
Hnh 1.2: Cu trc lun l mng th h mi Nu xem xt t gc kinh doanh v cung cp dch v th m hnh cu trc ca NGN c thm lp ng dng dch v bao gm 5 lp chc nng: lp truyn dn v truy nhp (service access layer), lp truyn thng (service transport/core layer), lp iu khin (control layer), lp ng dng/dch v (application/service layer) v lp qun l ( MAN-Eage MAN-Et layer ).
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Lp ng dng
Giao din m API
Mt phng qun l
Lp iu khin
Giao din m API
Lp truyn thng
Giao din m API
Lp truyn dn v
Hnh 1.3: M hnh 5 lp chc nng ca NGN 1.2.1 Lp truyn dn v truy nhp Phn truy nhp: Lp truy nhp cung cp cc kt ni gia thu bao u cui v mng ng trc qua cng giao tip thch hp. Cung cp cc truy nhp chun v khng chun ca thit b u cui nh: truy nhp a dch v, in thoi IP, my tnh PC, tng i PBX, Vi truy nhp v tuyn: cc h thng thng tin di ng GSM hoc CDMA, truy nhp v tuyn c nh, v tinh. Trong tng li cc h thng truy nhp khng dy s pht trin rt nhanh nh truy nhp hng ngoi, bluetooth hay WLAN (802.11). Vi truy nhp hu tuyn: hin nay cp ng v xDSL ang c s dng. Trong tng lai truyn dn quang DWDM, PON s dn chim u th, th trng ca xDSL v modem s dn thu nh li. Phn truyn dn: Ti lp vt l cc cng ngh truyn dn quang nh SDH, WDM hay DWDM s c s dng. Cng ngh ATM hay IP c th c s dng trn mng li m bo QoS. Cc router c s dng bin mng li khi lu lng ln. Khi lu lng nh
switchrouter c th m nhn lun chc nng nhng b nh tuyn ny. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
17 Lp truyn ti c kh nng h tr cc mc QoS cho cng mt dch v v cho cc dch v khc nhau. Lp ng dng a ra cc yu cu v nng lc truyn ti v lp truyn ti s thc hin yu cu . 1.2.2 Lp truyn thng Thit b chnh trong lp truyn thng l cc cng (Gateway) lm nhim v kt ni gia cc phn ca mng v gia cc mng khc nhau. Chu trch nhim chuyn i cc loi mi trng (PSTN/ISDN, LAN, v tuyn, ) sang mi trng gi trn mng li v ngc li. Bao gm 2 thnh phn: Mng trc (IP MPLS) v cc mng thu gom lu lng (MAN-E) ti cc Tnh/TP. Truyn ti lu lng IP, c kh nng cung cp L2/L3 VPN kt ni cc phn t mng NGN. Thu gom lu lng cc NODE trc khi k ni ln Mng Core IP/MPLS S dng cp quang v cc kt ni GE tng bng thng. Cung cp kt ni bng thng ln ti cc IPDSLAM/MSAN. Cung cp kt ni GE ti cc khch hng ln. H tr cng ngh mi sn sng cung cp cc dch v Tripleplay NGN.
Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng MAN-E Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7
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18 1.2.3 Lp iu khin Chc nng: - iu khin kt ni cung cp cc dch v truyn thng t u cui n u cui vi bt k loi giao thc bo hiu no. - Lp iu khin c th c t chc theo kiu module, theo cc b iu khin c lp s thc hin cc chc nng iu khin khc nhau. - Qun l v chm sc khch hng. Cc thnh phn: - Thnh phn chnh l Softswitch, cn gi l MGC hay Call Agent, - Cc thnh phn nh cng bo hiu SG (Signaling Gateway), Server phng tin MS (Media server), FS, AS kt ni cuc gi hay qun l a ch IP.
Hnh 1.5: Cc thnh phn ca Softswitch Cc c im: - Nh giao din m nn c s tch bit gia dch v v truyn dn, cho php dch v mi c a vo nhanh chng v d dng. - Hin nay lp iu khin vn rt phc tp, kh nng tng thch gia thit b ca cc hng l vn cn quan tm.
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19 - Cc giao thc, giao din bo hiu v iu khin kt ni rt a dng, cn cha c chun ho v ang tip tc pht trin. 1.2.4 Lp ng dng/dch v Thnh phn: Bao gm cc nt thc thi dch v SEN (Service Excution Node). Thc cht y l cc server dch v cung cp cc ng dng cho khch hng thng qua lp truyn ti. Chc nng: Cung cp cc ng dng v dch v nh dch v mng thng minh IN (Intelligent network), dch v Internetcho khch hng. Lp ny thc hin cung cp cc dch v c bng thng khc nhau v cc mc cht lng khc nhau. Mt s loi dch v s do pha thu bao t thc hin iu khin logic dch v v truy nhp trc tip vo lp ng dng v dch v, mt s khc s c iu khin t lp iu khin nh dch v thoi truyn thng. Lp ng dng v dch v lin kt vi lp iu khin thng qua cc giao din m API. Nh cc nh cung cp dch v c th pht trin cc ng dng v trin khai nhanh chng trn cc dch v mng. 1.2.5 Mt phng qun l y l lp c bit xuyn sut cc lp trn. Mt phng qun l tc ng trc tip ln tt c cc lp cn li, lm nhim v gim st cc hot ng ca mng Mt phng qun l phi m bo hot ng c trong mi trng m, vi nhiu giao thc, dch v v cc nh khai thc khc nhau. Cc chc nng qun l c ch trng l: qun l mng, qun l dch v, qun l kinh doanh.
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20 1.3 CU TRC VT L
Hnh 1.6: Cu trc vt l mng NGN NGN c rt nhiu cc thnh phn mng cn quan tm, nhng y ta ch cp n cc thnh phn th hin r s tin b ca NGN so vi cc mng trc y. MG (Media Gateway) l mt thit b vo ra c hiu cung cp phng tin truyn ti thng tin thoi, d liu, fax v video gia mng gi IP v mng PSTN. MGC (Media Gateway Controller) l n v chc nng chnh ca Softswitch. N a ra cc quy lut x l cuc gi cn MG v SG s thc hin cc quy lut . N iu khin SG thit lp v kt thc cuc gi, ngoi ra n cn giao tip vi h thng OSS v BSS. MGC chnh l chic cu ni gia cc mng c c tnh khc nhau nh PSTN, mng IPN chu trch nhim qun l lu lng thoi v d liu qua cc mng khc nhau. SG (Signaling Gateway) l mt thit b vo ra, n to ra mt chic cu ni gia mng bo hiu s 7 vi mng IP di s iu khin ca MGC. Nhim v ca SG l x l thng tin bo hiu. Media server c dng x l cc thng tin c bit. N thc hin cc chc nng mi: Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
21 Chc nng voicemail c bn. Hp th fax tch hp hay cc thng bo c th s dng e-mail hoc cc bn tin ghi m trc (pre-recorded message). Kh nng nhn din ting ni (nu c). Kh nng hi ngh truyn hnh (video conference). Kh nng chuyn thoi sang vn bn (speech-to-text) Application Server/Feature Server Server c tnh l mt server mc ng dng cha mt lot cc dch v ca doanh nghip. Chnh v vy n cn c gi l Server ng dng thng mi. V hu ht cc Server ny t qun l cc dch v v truyn thng qua mng IP nn chng khng rng buc nhiu vi Softswith v vic phn chia hay nhm cc thnh phn ng dng. 1.4 CC CNG NGH C P DNG CHO MNG TH H MI 1.4.1 IP IP l giao thc chuyn tip gi tin, n ng gi v chuyn gi ti ch mt cch hiu qu s dng a ch trong phn header ca gi. IP cung cp dch v chuyn d liu hng khng kt ni, n ch n lc ti a chuyn gi tin ti ch ch khng m bo cht lng dch v. IP nh ngha c cu nh s, c cu chuyn tin, c cu nh tuyn v cc chc nng iu khin mc thp (ICMP). Gi IP cha a ch ca bn nhn, a ch l s duy nht trong ton mng v MAN-E y thng tin cn cho vic chuyn gi tin ti ch. C cu nh tuyn c nhim v tnh ton ng i ti cc nt trong mng. Do vy c cu nh tuyn phi c cp nht cc thng tin v topo mng, thng tin v nguyn tc chuyn tin v n c kh nng hot ng trong mi trng mng gm nhiu nt. Kt qu tnh ton ca c cu nh tuyn c lu trong cc bn chuyn tin (forwarding table) cha thng tin v chng tip theo c th gi gi tin ti ch. Da trn cc bng chuyn tin, c cu chuyn tin chuyn mch cc gi IP hng ti ch. Phng thc chuyn tin truyn thng l theo tng chng mt. cch ny, mi Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
22 nt mng tnh ton bng chuyn tin mt cch c lp. V vy, phng thc ny yu cu kt qu tnh ton ca phn nh tuyn ti tt c cc nt phi nht qun vi nhau. S khng thng nht ca kt qu s dn ti chuyn gi tin sai hng dn n mt gi tin. Kiu chuyn tin theo tng chng hn ch kh nng ca mng. V d, nu cc gi tin chuyn ti cng mt a ch m i qua cng mt nt th chng s c truyn qua cng mt tuyn ti im ch. iu ny khin mng khng th thc hin mt s chc nng khc nh nh tuyn theo ch, theo dch v. Tuy nhin, phng thc nh tuyn v chuyn tin ny nng cao tin cy cng nh kh nng m rng ca mng. Giao thc nh tuyn ng cho php mng phn ng li vi s c bng vic thay i tuyn khi router bit c s thay i topo mng thng qua vic cp nht thng tin v trng thi kt ni. Vi cc phng thc nh CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing), kch thc ca bng chuyn tin c duy tr mc chp nhn c, v do vic tnh ton nh tuyn u do cc nt thc hin, mng c th m rng m khng cn bt k s thay i no. Tm li, IP l mt giao thc chuyn mch gi c tin cy v kh nng m rng cao. Tuy nhin vic iu khin lu lng rt kh thc hin do phng thc nh tuyn theo tng chng. Ngoi ra IP cng khng h tr cht lng dch v. 1.4.2 ATM ATM l mt phng thc chuyn mch gi nhanh, n cho php cc h thng dng k thut ny hot ng tc cao hn nhiu so vi cc h thng chyn mch gi thng thng nh s hn ch cc chc nng trong mng ca n. ATM c kh nng vn chuyn bt k mt loi dch v no, bt chp nhng c im ca chng nh l tc bit, nhng yu cu v cht lng hoc c tnh t bin t nhin ca n. ATM nhn thng tin nhiu dng khc nhau nh thoi, s liu, video v tch chng thnh cc khi nh c kch thc c nh gi l cell. Cc cell ny s c truyn trn cc knh o. ATM khc vi IP mt s im:
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23 ATM l cng ngh chuyn mch hng kt ni. Kt ni phi c thit lp bng nhn cng hoc thit lp mt cch t ng thng qua bo hiu trc khi thng tin c gi i ATM khng thc hin nh tuyn ti cc nt trung gian. Tuyn kt ni xuyn sut c xc nh trc khi trao i d liu v c gi xuyn sut trong thi gian kt ni. Trong qu trnh thit lp kt ni, cc tng i ATM trung gian cung cp cho kt ni mt nhn. Vic ny thc hin hai iu: dnh cho kt ni mt s ti nguyn v xy dng bng chuyn t bo trong mi tng i. Bng chuyn t bo ny c tnh cc b v ch cha thng tin v cc kt ni ang hot ng i qua tng i. iu ny khc vi thng tin v ton mng cha trong bng chuyn tin ca IP router. Cc gi trong ATM nh, c kch thc c nh nn tc truyn s ln hn dn n tr truyn v bin ng tr gim nh i vi cc dch v thi gian thc. ng thi to iu kin cho vic hp knh tc cao d dng hn. ATM c th chuyn mch nhanh hn v nhn gn trn cell c kch thc c nh (nh hn ca IP), kch thc bng chuyn tin nh hn nhiu so vi ca IP router, v vic ny thc hin trn cc phn cng chuyn dng. Do vy, thng lng ca tng i ATM thng ln hn thng lng ca IP router truyn thng. 1.4.3 MPLS MPLS l phng thc chuyn mch phi hp u im ca IP v ATM. Trc khi phng thc ny ra i ngi ta cng quan tm ti m hnh IP over ATM ca IETF xem IP nh mt lp nm trn lp ATM. Phng thc tip cn xp chng ny cho php IP v ATM hot ng vi nhau m khng cn thay i giao thc ca chng. Tuy nhin cch ny khng tn dng c ht kh nng ca ATM, khng thch hp vi mng nhiu router v khng tht hiu qu trn mt s mt. Cng ngh MPLS s dng c ch hon i nhn nh ca ATM tng tc truyn gi tin m khng cn thay i giao thc nh tuyn ca IP. Thit b CSR ca Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
24 Toshiba ra i nm 1994 l tng i ATM u tin c iu khin bng giao thc IP thay cho bo hiu ATM. MPLS tch chc nng ca IP router lm hai phn ring bit: Chc nng chuyn gi tin: c nhim v gi gi tin gia cc router, s dng c ch hon i nhn tng t nh trong ATM. Trong MPLS, nhn l mt s c di c nh v khng ph thuc vo lp mng. K thut hon i nhn thc cht l vic tm nhn cho mt gi tin trong mt bng cc nhn xc nh tuyn ca gi v nhn mi ca gi . Cc router thc hin k thut ny gi l LSR (Label Switch Router). Chc nng iu khin: gm cc giao thc nh tuyn lp mng vi nhim v phn phi thng tin gia cc LSR, giao thc phn phi nhn thit lp nhn trong cc bng nh tuyn. MPLS c th hot ng c vi cc giao thc nh tuyn Internet khc nh OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) v BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Mt s u dim ca MPLS: MPLS m bo cht lng dch v do MPLS h tr vic iu khin lu lng v cho php thit lp tuyn c nh. Ngoi ra, MPLS cn c c ch chuyn tuyn (fast reruoting). Do MPLS l cng ngh chuyn mch hng kt ni , kh nng b nh hng bi li ng truyn cao hn. Trong khi cc dch v m MPLS h tr li yu cu dung lng cao. Do vy, kh nng phc hi ca MPLS m bo kh nng cung cp dch v ca mng khng ph thuc vo c cu khi phc li ca lp vt l bn di. Cng ngh MPLS gip cho vic qun l mng c d dng hn. Do MPLS qun l vic chuyn tin theo cc lung thng tin, cc gi tin thuc mt FEC c th c xc nh bi mt gi tr ca nhn. Do vy trong min MPLS cc thit b o lu lng mng c th da trn nhn phn loi cc gi tin. Lu lng i qua cc tuyn chuyn mch nhn (LSP) c gim st 1 cch d dng dng RTFM( realtime flow measurement). Bng cch gim st lu lng ti cc LSR, nghn lu lng s c pht hin v v tr xy ra nghn lu lng c th Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
25 c xc nh nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, gim st lu lng theo phng thc ny khng a ra c ton b thng tin v cht lng dch v(v d tr t im u ti im cui ca min MPLS). Vic o tr c th c thc hin bi giao thc lp 2. gim st tc ca mi lung v m bo cc lung lu lng tun th tnh cht lu lng c nh trc, h thng gim st c th dng 1 thit b nn lu lng. Thit b ny s cho php gim st v m bo tun th tnh cht lu lng m khng cn thay i cc tnh cht hin c. Tm li, MPLS l mt cng ngh chuyn mch c nhiu trin vng. MPLS c kh nng nng cao cht lng dch v ca mng IP truyn thng. ng thi ci thin lu lng ca mng mt cch ng k. [1] Kt lun chng 1 Mng th h sau NGN ang c nghin cu, chun ho bi cc t chc vin thng ln trn th gii nhm p ng nhu cu cng tng v tnh m, s tng thch v linh hot cung cp a dch v, a phng tin vi cc tnh nng ngy cng m rng. Ti Vit Nam, mng vin thng ang ngy cng pht trin p ng cc nhu cu mi trong nn kinh t hi nhp th gii v vic chuyn hon ton sang cng ngh mng NGN l vic lm bc thit nhm p ng cc nhu cu ny. Qu trnh xy dng v pht trin mng NGN phi c tin hnh tng bc, c tnh n s tng thch v phi hp vi nn tng mng hin ti. Thng qua kt trc mng NGN phn tch trn ta thy mng MAN-E thuc vo lp truyn thng. Mng MAN-E ti cc Tnh/thnh ph c chc nng: Thu gom lu lng cc Tnh/TP trc khi k ni ln Mng Core IP/MPLS S dng cp quang v cc kt ni GE tng bng thng. Cung cp kt ni bng thng ln ti cc thit b IPDSLAM/MSAN. Cung cp kt ni GE ti cc khch hng ln. H tr cng ngh mi sn sng cung cp cc dch v Tripleplay NGN.
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26 CHNG 2: CNG NGH MNG MAN-E V CC DCH V TRN MNG MAN-E 2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MNG MAN-E 2.1.1 Tng quan mng quang Ethernet Trong vi thp k gn y, Ethernet l cng ngh ch yu trong cc mng ni b LAN, l cng ngh ch o trong hu ht cc vn phng trn ton th gii v hin nay c dng ngay c trong cc h gia nh chia s cc ng dy truy nhp bng rng gia cc thit b vi nhau. c bit tt c cc my tnh c nhn u c kt ni bng Ehernet v ngy cng nhiu thit b truy nhp dng n cng ngh ny.C nhiu l do gii thch ti sao Ethernet c s thnh cng nh vy trong c cc doanh nghip ln cc h gia nh: d s dng, tc cao v gi thit b r. [1] Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, tc Ethernet c ci thin t Mbps ln Gbps v 40Gbps. Song song vi n l s bng n ca Internet yu cu bng thng truyn ti lu lng rt ln, phng tin truyn trong mng Ethernet cng chuyn dn t cp ng sang cp quang, v cu hnh cng pht trin t cu trc bus dng chung ln cu trc mng chuyn mch. y l nhng nhn t quan trng xy dng cc mng c dung lng cao, cht lng cao, v hiu xut cao, p ng c nhng i hi ngy cng kht khe ca yu cu v cht lng dch v (Qos) trong mi trng mng mng th (MAN-E) hay WAN m bo kt ni vi khch hng mi lc, mi ni mi giao din. M rng t mng LAN ra mng MAN-E to ra cc c hi mi cho cc nh khai thc mng. Khi u t vo mng MAN-E, cc nh khai thc c kh nng cung cp cc gii php truy nhp tc cao vi chi ph tng i thp cho cc im cung cp dch v POP (Points Of Presence) ca h, do loi b c cc im nt c chai tn ti gia cc mng LAN ti cc c quan vi mng ng trc tc cao. Doanh thu gim do cung cp bng thng vi gi thp hn cho khch hng c th b li bng cch cung cp thm cc dch v mi. Do vy MAN-E s to ra phng thc Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
27 chuyn t cung cp cc ng truyn c gi cao n vic cung cp cc dch v gi tr gia tng qua bng thng tng i thp. Xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng MAN-E: Hin ti, cc cng ngh tim nng c nhn nh l ng c xy dng mng MAN-E th h mi ch yu tp trung vo 5 loi cng ngh chnh, l:

Next Generation SDH/SONET: SDH/SONET th h mi. WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing): Ghp knh theo bc song RPR ( Resilient Packet Ring): vng Ring gi t phc hi. Ethernet/Giagabit Ethernet (GE) Chuyn mch kt ni MPLS Cc cng ngh ni trn ny c xy dng khc nhau c phm vi v cc phng
thc m chng s c s dng. Trong mt s trng hp, cc nh cung cp c s h tng li trin khai cng mt cng ngh cho cc ng dng khc nhau. V d, Gbps c th c s dng cung cp nng lc truyn ti c s hoc cung cp cc dch v gi Ethernet trc tip n khch hng. Cc nh khai thc mng c xu hng kt hp mt s loi cng ngh trn cng mt mng ca h, v tt c cc cng ngh s ng gp vo vic t c nhng mc ch chung l:

Gim chi ph u t xy dng mng Rt ngn thi gian p ng dch v cho khch hng D phng dung lng i vi s gia tng lu lng dng gi Tng li nhun t vic trin khai cc dch v mi Nng cao hiu sut khai thc mng
Trong khun kh lun vn ny xin trnh by v mng MAN trn cng ngh Ethernet/Giagabit Ethernet (GE) 2.1.2 Cc tnh nng ca MAN-E Khch hng c kt ni n MAN-E s dng cc giao din thch hp vi Ethernet thay v phi qua nhiu giai on bin i t lu lng ATM, SONET/SDH v Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
28 ngc li. Bng cch ny khng ch loi b c s phc tp m cn lm cho qu trnh cung cp n gin i rt nhiu. M hnh Metro hnh thnh t qa trnh cung cp cc ng bng thng (tunel gia cc node v khch hng u cui cung cp cc mng LAN o (VLAN) v cc mng ring o (VPN) da trn mc tho thun dch v SLA). Trong trng hp ny, cc vn c n gin ho i rt nhiu cho c khch hng ln nh khai thc. Khch hng khng cn phi chia ct lu lng v nh tuyn chng n cc ng ph hp n ng cc node ch na. Thay v to ra rt nhiu chm ng truyn gia cc node, y ch cn to ra bng thng da theo SLA m bao hm c nhu cu ca khch hng ti mi node. Ni cch khc, cung cp cc kt ni khng cn l vn thit yu i vi nh cung cp mng na do h c iu kin tp trung vo vic to ra cc dch v gi tr gia tng. Bng vic m rng mng LAN vo mng MAN-E s dng kt ni c bng thng ln hn, s khng cn s khc bit gia cc server ca mng vi cc router c t ti thit b ca khch hng v ti cc im POP ca nh cung cp mng na MAN-E c chc nng thu gom lu lng v p ng nhu cu truyn ti lu lng cho cc thit b truy nhp (IPDSLAM, MSAN). C kh nng cung cp cc kt ni Ethernet (FE/GE) ti khch hng truyn ti lu lng trong ni tnh, ng thi kt ni ln mng ng trc IP/MPLS NGN chuyn lu lng i lin tnh, quc t. Trong mng MAN-E ngi ta s dng cc thit b CES (Carrier Ethernet Switch) ti cc ni c lu lng cao to thnh mng chuyn ti Ethernet/IP. Kt ni gia cc thit b CES dng hnh sao, ring hoc u ni tip, s dng cc loi cng kt ni: n x 1Gbps hoc n x 10Gbps. 2.1.3 Cu trc mng MAN-E Kin trc mng Metro da trn cng ngh Ethernet in hnh c th m t nh hnh 2.1. Phn mng truy nhp Metro tp hp lu lng t cc khu vc (c quan, to nh, ...) trong khu vc ca mng Metro. M hnh in hnh thng c xy dng xung quanh cc vng Ring quang vi mi vng Ring truy nhp Metro gm t 5 n 10 node. Nhng vng Ring ny MAN-E lu lng t cc khch hng khc nhau n cc im POP m cc Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
29 im ny c kt ni vi nhau bng mng li Metro. Mt mng li Metro in hnh s bao ph c nhiu thnh ph hoc mt khu vc tp trung nhiu doanh nghip.[1]
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc mng MAN-E in hnh Mt kha cnh quan trng ca nhng mng li Metro ny l cc trung tm d liu, thng c t node quan trng ca mng li Metro c th truy nhp d dng. Nhng trung tm d liu ny phc v ch yu cho ni dung cc host gn ngi s dng. y cng chnh l ni m cc dch v t nh cung cp dch v khc (Outsourced services) c cung cp cho cc khch hng ca mng MAN-E. Qu trnh truy nhp n ng trc Internet c cung cp ti mt hoc mt s im POP cu thnh nn mng li Metro. Vic sp xp ny c nhiu u im ph lin quan n qu trnh thng mi in t. Hin ti c s h tng cho mc ch phi hp thng mi in t cng gn ging nh li ca mng Internet, c nhiu phin giao dch hn c x l v sau gim dn, y l hai u im ni tri khi t chc mt giao dch thnh cng da trn s thc hin ca Internet. 2.1.4 M hnh phn lp mng MAN-E M hnh phn lp mng MAN-E c nh ngha theo MEF 4 c chia lm 3 lp bao gm:
Lp truyn ti dch v (TRAN layer): bao gm mt hoc nhiu dch v truyn ti.
Lp dch v Ethernet (ETH layer): h tr cc dch v thng tin d liu Ethernet lp 2 (trong mo hnh OSI).
Lp dch v ng dng: h tr cc ng dng c truyn ti da trn dch v Lun vn thc s
Ethernet lp 2. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7
30 M hnh phn lp mng MAN-E da trn quan h Client/Server. Hn na, mi lp c th bao gm cc thnh phn thuc mt phng qun l, gim st dch v. M hnh phn lp mng MAN-E c m t ti hnh 2.2 [6]
Hnh 2.2: M hnh mng MAN-E theo cc lp
Lp truyn ti dch v (Transport Services Layer) Lp truyn ti dch v, cung cp cc kt ni gia cc phn t ca lp dch v Ethernet. S dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau thc hin vic h tr kt ni: IEEE 802.1, SONET/SDH, ATM VC, OTN ODUK, PDH DS1/E1, MPLS LSP Cc cng ngh truyn ti trn, n lt mnh li c th do nhiu cng ngh khc h tr, c tip tc nh vy cho n lp vt l nh cp quang, cp ng, khng dy.
Lp dch v Ethernet (Ethernet Services Layer) Lp dch v Ethernet c chc nng truyn ti cc dch v hng kt ni chuyn mch da trn a ch MAC v cc bn tin Ethernet s c truyn trn h thng thng qua cc giao din hng ni b, hng bn ngoi c quy nh r rng, gn vi cc im tham chiu. Lp ETH cng phi cung cp c cc kh nng v OAM, kh nng pht trin dch v trong vic qun l cc dch v Ethernet hng kt ni. Ti cc
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31 giao din hng bn ngoi ca lp ETH, cc bn tin bao gm: Ethernet unicast, multicast hoc broadcast, tun theo chun IEEE 802.3 2002.
Lp dch v ng dng (Application Services Layer) Lp dch v ng dng h tr cc dch v s dng truyn ti trn nn mng Ethernet ca mng MAN-E. C nhiu dch v trong bao gm c cc vic s dng lp ETH nh mt lp TRAN cho cc lp khc nh: IP, MPLS, PDH DS1/E1
2.1.5 Cc im tham chiu trong mng MAN-E im tham chiu trong mng MAN-E l tp cc im tham chiu lp mng c s dng phn cc vng lin kt i qua cc giao din. hnh v 2.3 ch ra cc quan h gia cc thnh phn kin trc bn ngoi v mng MAN-E. Cc thnh phn bn ngoi bao gm:

T cc thu bao n cc dch v MAN-E T cc mng MAN-E khc Cc mng truyn ti dch v (khng phi Ethernet) khc.
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32
Other L2/L2+ Services Networks (e.g., ATM, FR, IP) Service Interworking NNI UNI
Subscriber
UNI
MAN-E
Subscriber
Metro Area Network ETHERNET (MAN-E)

Service Provider X
Service Provider Z1 External NNI Ethernet Wide Area Network (E-WAN) Service Provider Y External NNI MAN-E Service Provider Z2
Network Interworking NNI Other L1 Transport Networks (e.g., SONET, SDH, OTN) Network Interworking NNI
UNI
Subscriber
MAN-E
Service Provider X
Hnh 2.3: M hnh cc im tham chiu
Cc thu bao kt ni n mng MAN-E thng qua im tham chiu giao din Ngi dng Mng (UNI: Uset Network interface). Cc thnh phn trong cng mng (NE: Internal Network Elements) hoc I-INNIs ( Internal NNIs). Hai mng MAN-E c lp c th kt ni vi nhau ti im tham chiu External NNI (E-NNI). Mt mng MANE c th kt ni vi cc mng dch v v truyn ti khc ti im tham chiu lin mng Network Interworkinh NNI (NI-NNI) hoc im tham chiu lin dch v Service Interworking NNI (SI-NNI).
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33
Subscriber Site A UNI
Subscriber Site B
UNI Client
T
UNI Network
Metro Ethernet Network (MEN)
UNI
UNI Network
T
UNI Client
Ethernet Virtual Connection End-to-End Ethernet flow
Hnh 2.4: Giao din UNI v m hnh tham chiu MAN-E
Giao din UNI s dng kt ni cc thu bao n nh cung cp dch v MAN-E. UNI cng cung cp im tham chiu gia cc thit b mng MAN-E thuc nh cung cp dch v v cc thit b truy nhp ca khch hng. V vy UNI bt u t im cui ca nh cung cp dch v v im u ca khch hng, Giao din UNI pha nh cung cp dch v l im tham chiu UNI-N. Giao din ph khch hng l im tham chiu UNI-C. Phn bit gia UNI-N v UNI-C l im tham chiu T. Trong phn cc thit b khch hng thng c chia thnh thit b truy nhp v thit b ngi s dng u cui. gia hai thit b ny c im tham chiu S.[6] 2.1.6 Cc thnh phn vt l trong mng MAN-E Cc thit b vt l trong mng l cc thnh phn mng (NE: Network Element) trong mng MAN-E. Mt thit b c th c nhiu chc nng khc nhau v thuc nhiu lp khc nhau trong m hnh mng MAN-E.
Cc thit b bin khch hng (CE: customes Edge) Thit b CE l thnh phn vt l thuc kin trc mng MAN-E thc hin cc thnh phn chc nng thuc mng khch hng yu cu cc dch v t nh cung cp mng MAN-E. Cc thnh phn chc nng ring l ca mt CE c th hon ton thuc pha khch hng hoc hon ton thuc pha nh cung cp dch v. Mt thit b CE ti thiu phi p ng c kh nng lm vic vi giao din UNI-C. Thit b CE c th l Swtich(Ethernet, Router(IP/MPLS) hoc mt
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34 thit b u cui. thng thng cc thnh phn chc nng ca CE c th thuc lp ETH layer, TRAN layer hoc APP layer.
Thit b bin nh cung cp dch v (PE: Provider Edge) Thit b PE l cc router c chc nng cung cp chc nng kt ni n khch hng hoc kt ni n mng ngoi khc thuc lp ETH. Khi cung cp kt ni n khch hng, thit b PE cung cp tp cc chc nng lin quan n giao din UNI-N.
Thit b li ca nh cung cp dch v (P: Provider Core) Thit b P hay cn gi l Core Router, l cc router khc ca nh cung cp dch v thuc lp ETH leyer, thit b P khng tham gia vo cc chc nng thuc giao din UNI-N/E-NNI.
Thit b kt cui mng (NT: Network Termination) Thit b NT thc hin chc nng thuc lp TRAN layer gia im cui ca nh cung cp dch v m im u ca khch hng. Cc thit b NT m nhim chc nng gim st hiu nng ng truyn vt l, nh thi, chuyn i m ha gia cc thnh phn.
Thit b bin truyn ti (TE: Transport Edge) Thit b TE cho php ghp knh cc lung d liu ca nhiu khch hng vo cng mt ng truyn vt l.
2.1.7 Li ch dng dch v Ethernet Nhiu nh cung cp dch v cung cp dch v Metro Ethernet. Mt s nh cung cp m rng dch v Ethernet vut xa phm vi mng ni th (MAN-E) v vn n phm vi mng din rng (WAN). Hng triu thu bao c s dng dch v Ethernet v s lng thu bao ang tng ln mt cch nhanh chng. Nhng thu bao ny b thu ht bi nhng li ch ca dch v Ethernet em li, bao gm:

Tnh d s dng. Hiu qu v chi ph (cost effectiveness). Lun vn thc s
Linh hot. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7
35 Tnh d s dng Dch v Ethernet da trn mt giao din Ethernet (Ethernet interface) chun, ph bin dng rng ri trong cc h thng mng cc b (LAN). Hu nh tt c cc thit b v my ch trong LAN u kt ni dng Ethernet, v vy vic s dng Ethernet kt ni vi nhau s n gin ha qu trnh hot ng v cc chc nng qun tr, qun l v cung cp (OAM &P). Hiu qu v chi ph Dch v Ethernet lm gim chi ph u t (CAPEX-capital expense) v chi ph vn hnh (OPEX-operation expense): Mt l, do s ph bin ca Ethernet trong hu ht tt c cc sn phm mng nn giao din Ethernet c chi ph khng t. Hai l, t tn km hn nhng dch v cnh tranh khc do gi thnh thit b thp, chi ph qun tr v vn hnh thp hn. Ba l, nhiu nh cung cp dch v Ethernet cho php nhng thu bao tng thm bng thng mt cch kh mm do.. iu ny cho php thu bao thm bng thng khi cn thit v h ch tr cho nhng g h cn. Tnh linh hot Dch v Ethernet cho php nhng thu bao thit lp mng ca h theo nhng cch hoc l phc tp hn hoc l khng th thc hin vi cc dch v truyn thng khc. V d: mt cng ty thu mt giao tip Ethernet n c th kt ni nhiu mng v tr khc nhau thnh lp mt Intranet VPN ca h, kt ni nhng i tc kinh doanh thnh Extranet VPN hoc kt ni Internet tc cao n ISP. Vi dch v Ethenet, cc thu bao cng c th thm vo hoc thay i bng thng trong vi pht thay v trong vi ngy ngy hoc thm ch vi tun khi s dng nhng dch v mng truy nhp khc (Frame relay, ATM,). Ngoi ra, nhng thay i ny khng i hi thu bao phi mua thit b mi hay ISP c cn b k thut n kim tra, h tr ti ch.
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36 2.2 CC DCH V CUNG CP QUA MNG MAN-E 2.2.1 M hnh dch v Ethernet xc nh cc loi hnh dch v cung cp qua mi trng Ethernet, trc ht cn xem xt m hnh tng qut. M hnh dch v Ethernet l m hnh chung cho cc dch v Ethernet, c xy dng trn da trn c s s dng cc thit b khch hng truy cp cc dch v. Trong m hnh ny s nh ngha cc thnh phn c bn cu thnh dch v cng nh mt s c tnh c bn cho mi loi hnh dch v. Nhn chung cc dch v Ethernet u c chung mt s c im, tuy nhin vn c mt s c tnh c trng khc nhau cho tng dch v ring. M hnh c bn cho cc dch v Ethernet Metro nh ch ra trn hnh sau.
Hnh 2.5: M hnh cung cp cc dch v Ethernet qua mng MAN-E Cc dch v Ethernet c cung cp bi nh cung cp mng Ethernet Metro. Thit b khch hng ni n mng ti giao din ngi dng - mng (UNI) s dng mt giao din Ethernet chun 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps hoc 10Gbps. Trong m hnh ny ch yu cp n cc kt ni mng m trong thu bao c xem l mt pha ca kt ni khi trnh by v cc ng dng thu bao. Tuy nhin cng c th c nhiu thu bao (UNI) kt ni n mng MEN t cng mt v tr. Trn c s cc dch v chung c xc nh trong m hnh, nh cung cp dch v c th trin khai cc dch v c th tu theo nhu cu khch hng. Nhng dch v ny c th c truyn qua cc mi trng v cc giao thc khc nhau trong mng Man-E nh SONET, DWDM, MPLS, GFP, .... Tuy nhin, xt t gc khch hng th cc kt ni mng xut pht t pha khch hng ca giao din UNI l cc kt ni Ethernet. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
37 2.2.2 Knh kt ni o Ethernet (EVC: Ethernet Virtual Connection) Mt thnh phn c bn ca mng MAN-E l knh kt ni o Ethernet. Mt EVC l mt knh kt ni gia hai hoc nhiu giao din UNI. Cc giao din UNI ny c gi l cc giao din UNI thuc knh EVC. Mt giao din UNI c th c th thuc mt hay nhiu knh EVC ty thuc vo s ghp knh trn dch v. Mi khung dch v i vo mng MAN-E phi n 1 EVC no , giao din UNI m khung dch v i n vo MAN-E gi l UNI u vo. Khung dch v i vo khung EVC s c truyn n mt giao din UNI khc thuc knh EVC v khng th truyn n giao din UNI khng thuc knh EVC. Mi knh EVC lun cho php truyn theo hai hng. C hai loi knh ECV l EVC im im v EVC a im.[8]
Knh EVC im im: l knh EVC kt ni hai giao din UNI vi nhau. Khung dch v i vo giao in UNI ny ch c th i ra giao din UNI kia v ngc li.
Hnh 2.6: EVC im im
Knh EVC a im: l knh EVC kt ni t hai giao din UNI tr ln vi nhau. Knh EVC a im c hai giao in UNI khc vi knh imim ch c th thm vo mt hoc nhiu giao din UNI khc. C hai loi knh EVC a im l knh EVC a im a im v knh EVC dng cy.
EVC a im a im, cc giao din UNI kt ni bnh ng vi nhau. Mi khung dch v c th c th c truyn trc tip t UNI ny n bt k mt UNI no khc cng thuc vo knh EVC.
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38
Hnh 2.7: EVC im a im
EVC dng cy, c mt s giao din UNI c xem l gc v cc giao din UNI cn li l l. Gi tin t giao din UNI gc v c th truyn trc tip n tt c cc giao din UNI khc cng thuc knh EVC. Vi cc giao din UNI l, nu mun truyn n mt giao din UNI khc phi truyn qua giao din gc.[8]
Hnh 2.8: EVC dng cy 2.2.3 Cc loi dch v trong MAN-E Nguyn thy ca Ethernet l cung cp kt ni v khng cung cp cc dch v WAN. Vi h thng Metro cc nh cung cp dch v bt u s dng cng ngh kt ni Ethernet cung cp cc dch v. Da vo giao thc Ethernet 802.3 ca IEEE, cng thm cc tham s v dch v to nn cc dch v Ethernet. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
39 MAN-E c cc dch v c bn l: dch v Ethernet Line (E-Line), Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) v Ethernet Tree (E-Tree). Da vo cc dch v c bn ny, cc nh cung cp dch v c th a ra nhiu loi hnh dch v khch nhau cho khch hng. 2.2.3.1 Khun kh nh ngha dch v Ethernet (Ethernet Definition Framework) gip nhng thu bao c th hiu r hn s khc nhau trong cc Dch v Ethernet, MEF pht trin cc Khun kh nh ngha dch v Ethernet. Mc tiu ca h thng ny l: - nh ngha v t tn cho cc kiu dch v Ethernet. - nh ngha nhng thuc tnh (attribute) v cc thng s ca thuc tnh (attribut parameters) c dng nh ngha mt dch v Ethernet ring bit.
Hnh 2.9: Khun kh nh ngha dch v Ethernet nh r mt cch hon ton v dch v Ethernet, nh cung cp phi xc nh kiu dch v v UNI; cc thuc tnh ca dch v EVC kt hp vi kiu dch v . Cc thuc tnh ny c th c tp hp li theo nhng dng sau:[7] - Giao din vt l (Ethernet Physical Interface). - Thng s lu lng (Traffic Parameters) - Thng s v hiu nng (PerforMAN-Ece Parameters). - Lp dch v (Class of Service). - Service Frame Delivery - H tr cc th VLAN (VLAN Tag Support) - Ghp dch v (Service Multiplexing).
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40 - Gp nhm (Bundling). - Lc bo mt (Sercurity Filters). 2.2.3.2 Dch v E-Line Dch v knh Ethernet cung cp kt ni o Ethernet im - im (EVC) gia hai UNI nh minh ho trn hnh 2.10. Dch v E -Line c s dng cho kt ni im - im.
Point-to-Point EVC UNI CE CE
MAN-E
UNI
E-Line Service type
Hnh 2.10: Dch v E-Line
Dch v E - Line c th cung cp bng thng i xng cho truyn s liu theo hai hng. dng phc tp hn n c th to ra tc thng tin tt nht (CIR) v kch thc khi tt nht (CBS), tc thng tin nh v kch thc khi nh tr, jitter, mt mt thc hin gia hai UNI c tc khc nhau. Ti mi UNI c th thc hin ghp dch v t mt s EVC khc nhau. Mt s EVC im - im c th c cung cp trn cng mt cng vt l ti mt trong cc giao din UNI trn mng. Mt dch v E-Line c th cung cp cc EVC im - im gia cc UNI tng t s dng cc chuyn tip khung PVC kt ni cc bn vi nhau. Mt dch v E - Line c th cung cp mt kt ni im - im gia cc UNI tng t nhau n mt dch v ng ring TDM. y l dch v kt ni gia hai UNI v to ra
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41 cc khung dch v hon ton trong sut gia cc UNI, tiu v ti ca khung c trng cho UNI ngun v ch. Nhn chung dch v E - Line c th c s dng xy dng cc dch v tng t cho chuyn tip khung hoc cc ng thu ring. Tuy nhin, di bng tn v cc kh nng kt ni ca n ln hn nhiu. 2.2.3.3 Dch v E-LAN Dch v LAN Ethernet cung cp cc kt ni a im, chng hn c th kt ni mt s UNI vi nhau nh ch ra hnh sau.
Hnh 2.11: Dch v E-LAN S liu thu bao gi t mt UNI c th c nhn ti mt hoc nhiu UNI khc. Mi UNI c kt ni n mt EVC a im. Khi c cc UNI thm vo, chng c kt ni n cng EVC a im do n gin ho qu trnh cung cp v kch hot dch v. Dch v E - LAN theo cu hnh im - im. Dch v E - LAN c th c s dng kt ni ch hai UNI, iu ny dng nh tng t vi dch v E - Line nhng y c mt s khc bit ng k. Vi dch v E Line, khi mt UNI c thm vo, mt EVC cng phi c b sung kt ni UNI mi n mt trong cc UNI tn ti. Hnh 2.12 minh ho khi mt UNI c thm vo v s c mt EVC mi c b sung tt c cc UNI c th kt ni c vi nhau khi dng dch vu E - Line.
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42
EVC kt ni im n im
Khu vc thm mi
Hnh 2.12 . Qu trnh thc hin khi thm mt UNI vo mng MAN-E Vi dch v E - LAN, khi UNI mi cn thm vo EVC a im th khng cn b sung EVC mi v dch v E - LAN s dng EVC a im - a im. Dch v ny cng cho php UNI mi trao i thng tin vi tt c cc UNI khc trn mng. Trong khi vi dch v E Line th cn c cc EVC n tt c cc UNI. Do , dch v E - LAN ch yu cu mt EVC thc hin kt ni nhiu bn vi nhau. Tm li, dch v E - LAN c th kt ni mt s lng ln cc UNI v s t phc tp hn khi dng theo dng li hoc hub v cc kt ni s dng cc k thut kt ni im - im nh Frame Relay hoc ATM. Hn na, dch v E-LAN c th c s dng to mt lot dch v nh mng LAN ring v cc dch v LAN ring o, trn c s ny c th trin khai cc dch v khch hng. 2.2.3.4 Dch v E-Tree E-Tree l nhng dch v Ethernet cung cp kt ni dng cy. Cc kt ni ny da v knh EVC dng cy. Mi cy u c mt hoc nhiu gc. Trng hp n gin nht l c mt gc. Dch v E-Tree c mt gc c m t trong hnh v 2.13.
Hnh 2.13: Dch v E-Tree Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
43 Vi kiu dch v E-Tree mt giao din UNI l ch truyn d liu thng qu giao din UNI gc m khng truyn trc tip n cc giao din UNI l khc c. Giao din UNI gc c th truyn trc tip n tt c cc l. Dch v E-Tree thng c ng dng cho cc khch hng doanh nghip c nhu cu kt ni im a im gia trung tm v cc chi nhnh. Cc chi nhnh ch c kt ni v trung tm, khng kt ni trc tip gia cc chi nhnh. Vi kiu dch v E-Tree nhiu gc, c nhiu giao din UNI c chn l UNI gc. Cc UNI gc ny c th truyn d liu sang nhau v sang cc UNI l.
Hnh 2.14: Dch v E-Tree nhiu gc Trong nhiu trng hp cc giao din UNI gc c cu hnh d phng. Khi giao din UNI ny b li th vic chuyn tip d liu s do UNI d phng m nhim. Vi dch v E-Tree c th phn thnh hai loi dch v l Ethernet Private Tree (EP-Tree) v Ethernet Virtual Private Tree (EVP-Tree). Dch v EP-Tree da trn giao din vt l do khch hng c th qun l cc VLAN ca mnh m khng cn thng bo hay can thip ca nh cung cp dch v. EP-Tree thng ng dng cho cc khch hng cn qun l tp trung hoc phn phi thng tin ti mt hoc nhiu im khc nhau. Ti a im phn phi giao din UNI c chn s l UNI gc ti cc im tip nhn UNI s l UNI l. Dch v EVP-Tree da trn VLAN, trng hp ny thng s dng cho cc khch hng cn a ra nhiu chnh sch truy cp khc nhau cho ngi s dng ca mnh.[7]
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44 2.2.4 Cc thuc tnh dch v Ethernet Vi mi loi dch vu Ethernet c yu cu v tham s v cc c tnh ring. MEF a ra cc thuc tnh v tham s cho cc dch v nh sau:[3] 2.2.4.1 Thuc tnh ghp knh dch v Ghp dch v cho php nhiu UNI thuc v cc EVC khc nhau. UNI nh vy gi l UNI c ghp dch v (service multiplexed UNI). Khi UNI ch thuc mt EVC th UNI ny gi l UNI khng ghp dch v (non - multiplexed UNI).
Hnh 2.15: Ghp knh dch v Li ch ca ghp knh dch v cho php ch cn mt cng giao din UNI c th h tr nhiu kt ni EVC. iu ny lm gim chi ph thm cng UNI v d dng trong vic qun tr. VLAN c cu hnh ti cng thit b khch hng CE kt ni vi UNI c gi l CE-VLAN. Nh vy, ti mi UNI c mt nh x (mapping) gia CE-VLAN v EVC. iu ny gn ging nh nh x gia DLCI v PVC trong Frame Relay. Tnh trong sut VLAN (VLAN transparency): Mt EVC c tnh trong sut VLAN khi CE-VLAN khng thay i khi khi qua giao din UNI. Ngha l, CE-VLAN ca khung i ra (egress frame) hng t MAN-E ra mng ca khch hng lun ging CE-VLAN ca khung i vo (ingress frame). Tnh nng ny c u im lm gim vic nh s li (renumbering) VLAN ca khch hng.
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45 2.2.4.2 Thuc tnh giao din vt l Ethernet Bao gm cc tham s sau: ng truyn vt l: Cc ng truyn vt l theo chun IEEE 802.3. V d: 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-X. Tc truyn: Tc Ethernet. V d: 10Mbps, 100bps, 1Gbps, 10Dbps. Ch truyn: Full Duplex/ Halp Dulplex, AutoNegotiotion. Lp MAC: Cc tiu chun v lp MAC theo tiu chun 802.3 2000. 2.2.4.3 Cc thuc tnh v lu lng MEF nh ngha tp hp cc thuc tnh v bng thng (Bandwidth Profile) cho UNI v cho EVC. Mt Bandwidth Profile l mt gii hn v tc khi frame truyn qua UNI hay EVC. i vi cac kt ni im im vic tnh ton bng thng trn ng truyn c th n gin, nhng vi cc kt ni a im a im, c bit l c ghp knh ECV trn cng mt giao din vt l, vic tnh ton bng thng rt phc tp. Vi trng hp cn kt hp tnh ton vi o c thc tin. c tnh bng thng bao gm cc loi sau: Bng thng vo v ra ti mi UNI (Tc cng vt l) Bng thng vo v ra ti mi EVC (Tc p theo VLAN) Bng thng vo v ra cho mi lp dch v ( Ty vo loi d liu Voice, Video, Data,... s c bng thng theo mc u tin khc nhau) Bng thng vo UNI t EVC Bng thng ra EVC t UNI c tnh bng thng gm cc tham s v lu lng sau: CIR (Committed Infomation Rate Tc truyn thng cam kt): l tc ti thiu truyn ti dch v iu kin bnh thng. Mt dch v c th h tr mt CIR cho mt VLAN trn mt UNI. Tuy nhin khi ghp dch v th tng CIR khng th vt qu tc ca cng vt l. Bn cnh CIR MEF cn nh ngha thm tham s CBS (Commited Burst Size) l kch thc lu lng ti a cho php i vi mi thu bao, thng tnh bng KB hoc MB. V d: thu bao c cp CIR l Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
46 3Mbps v CBS l 500KB th thu bao s c m bo bng thng ti thiu l 3Mbps v kch thc khung d li ti a l 500KB, nu khung c kch thc ln hn 500KB th khung s b hy hoc b tr. PIR (Peak Infomation Rate): L tc cao hn mc CIR cho php lu lng truyn trn mng khi khng c tc nghn xy ra. Cng vi PIR l tham s MBS (Maximum Burst Size) l kch thc khung ti a cho php truyn m khng b hy. MBS cng c tnh bng KB hoc MB nh CBS. V d: mt dch v c cp bng thng l 3Mbps CIR, 500KB CBS, 10Mbps v 1MB MBS.
Nu bng thng ca thu bao <= 3Mbps th chc chn d liu s c truyn i m bo. Lu lng truyn phi c kch thc b hn 500KB (CBS), nu ln hn c th b hy b hoc b tr.
Nu bng thng ca thu bao >= 3Mbps v <= 10Mbps th d liu ch c truyn m bo trn mng nu khng c tc nghn xy ra v kch thc khung nh hn 1MB (MBS)
Trng hp lu lng >= 10Mbps th s b hy.
2.2.4.4 Cc thuc tnh v hiu nng Cc thuc tnh hiu nng biu th s mong i cht lng t pha khch hng. Cc tham s bao gm: kh dng (Avaiability), tr khung (Delay), tri khung (Jitter) v t l mt khung (Loss). kh dng (Avaiability): kh dng ca dch v c din t thng qua mt s thuc tnh dch v sau: Thi gian kch hot dch v ca UNI: l thi gian tnh t lc bt u c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti lc dch v c kch hot v a vo s dng. Thi gian kch hot trung bnh ca dch v Ethernet ch c vi gi ng h, ngn hn nhiu so vi vi thng khong thi gian cn thit kch hot dch v mi i vi cc m hnh truyn thng truyn thng.
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47 Thi gian khi phc dch v ca UNI: l thi gian tnh t lc UNI khng hot ng c th do s c xy ra ti lc n c phc hi v tr li hot ng bnh thng. Thi gian kch hot dch v EVC: l thi gian tnh t lc bt u c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti lc dch v c kch hot v a vo s dng. Hay c th hn, khong thi gian ny c tnh t lc c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti khi tt c cc UNI trn EVC u c kch hot. Vi mt EVC a im, dch v c coi l sn sng c truyn khi tt c cc UNI thuc v EVC u c kch hot v hot ng. Tt c cc dch v Ethernet u c cung cp cho khch hng thng qua cc EVC. Thi gian khi phc dch v ca EVC: l thi gian tnh t lc m EVC khng hot ng c th do s c sy ra, ti lc c phc hi v tr li hot ng bnh thng. tr khung (Delay): l tham s nh hng n cht lng dch v (QoS) i vi cc ng dng thi gian thc. Tham s tr thng c p dng cho mt hng truyn i, tr gia hai im l khong thi gian khung xut pht t mt giao din UNI i qua mng MAN-E v n giao din UNI bn kia. tr b nh hng bi tc ng truyn v di khung Ethernet. V d: mt khung Ethernet c di 1518 byte i qua ng truyn 10Mbps th n tr 12ms (1518 x 6/106). Ngoi ra tr cn b nh hng bi tc truyn trn mng trc v cp tc nghn. Tham s tr thng c nh gi bng tr ca 95% s khung c truyn i thnh cng trong mt khong thi gian. V d: tr l 15ms trong 24 gi c ngha l 95% s khung c truyn i mt chiu trong thi gian 24 gi c tr nh hn hoc bng 15ms. tri khung (Jiiter): Cng l mt tham s nh hng n cht lng dch v. tri khung cn c gi l bin thin tr. tri khung gy hi cho cc ng dng thi gian thc nh thoi, Video IP. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
48 T l mt khung (Loss): t l mt khung c nh ngha l t l phn trm s khung dch v tun th tc thng tin tha thun song khng c truyn i gia cc UNI trong mt khong thi gian cho trc. V d: mt knh EVC im im c 100 khung c truyn i nhng bn nhn ch nhn c 90 khung th t l mt khung l 10%. Ty vo tng ng dng m t l mt khung c nh hng ln hay khng. V d: cc dch v ng dng web hai email thng t b nh hng bi t l mt khung so vi cc ng dng VoIP. 2.2.4.5 Thuc tnh lp dch v (Class of Service Indentifier Service Attribute) Cc thuc tnh lp dch v (CoS) c th c nh ngha cho cc khch hng da trn cc thuc tnh nh sau: Cng vt l: y l hnh thc n gin nht p dng QoS cho khch hng. Da vo cng vt l ti giao din UNI, tt c cc lu lng vo v ra cng ny u c chung mt CoS. a ch MAC ngun/ch: Vic phn loi ny s dng cung cp cc loi dch v khc nhau da v c a ch MAC ngun v ch. M hnh ny tuy n gin nhng kh qun l theo tng dch v. Trong trng hp thit b pha khch hng (CPE) l Switch lp 2 v dch v cung cp l dch v LAN kt ni n LAN th c rt nhiu hng trm thm ch hng nghn a ch MAC cn c gim st v qun l. Trng hp thit b pha khch hng l Router th ch cn gim st a ch MAC ca router kt ni, vi trng hp ny kh nng qun l s n gin v d dng hn. VLAN ID: VLAN ID s c gn cho CoS trong trng hp khch hng s dng cc dch v khc nhau vi cc VLAN khc nhau. Gi tr trng 801.1p: cho php gn n 8 cp u tin khc nhau cho cc lu lng ca khch hng. Thc t cc nh cung cp dch v khng thch dng trn 3 cp v kh qun l. Type of Service (ToS): trng loi dch v bao gm 3 bit nm trong gi tin IP cho php chia lm 8 lp dch v khc nhau. Trng ToS ny cng tng t nh trng Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
49 802.1p, nhng ToS nm tiu gi tin IP cn 802.1p nm tiu ca khung Ethernet. 2.2.4.6 Thuc tnh truyn khung dch v (Service Frame Delivery Attribute) Mng Metro ging nh mt mng LAN chuyn mch, v vy cn bit loi khung no c truyn i v loi khung no khng c truyn i trn mng. Thng thng cc khung truyn trn mng cha d liu thng tin iu khin. m bo mng khch hng c y cc tnh nng cn thit, khch hng v nh cung cp cn tha thun loi khung no c truyn v loi khung no khng c truyn. Cc thuc tnh dch v EVC c th nh ngha cho loi khung no bi hy b, loi khung no truyn i v loi khung no ch c truyn i vi cc cp giao din UNI c th. Cc kh nng khc nhau ca khung d liu Ethernet nh sau: Unicast Frame: l cc khung c a ch MAC ch n c th. Nu a ch ch c nhn bit, khung s c truyn n ch, nu khng nhn bit c h thng s truyn n tt c cc a ch trong cng VLAN. Multicast Frame: l cc khung c truyn n mt nhm a ch MAC ch. Cc khung ny c bit Mang trong s thp nht (LSB: least significant bit) ca a ch ch c gn bng 1 (tr trng hp gi tin qung b c tt c cc bit u bng 1) Broadcast Frame: l khung truyn n tt c cc a ch khc trong mng theo chun 802.3, khung broadcast c gi tr a ch MAC ch l FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FFFF. 2.2.4.7 Thuc tnh h tr VLAN Tag (VLAN Tag Support Attribute) VLAN tag h tr cung cp tp hp cc kh nng quan trng cho vic truyn cc khung dch v. Cc mng LAN doanh nghip thuc mt mi trng khch hng n l tc l tt c ngi s dng u cui thuc v mt t chc. VLAN tag trong mt t chc cc nhm khc nhau trong cng mt Broadcast domain logic. Metro Ethernet to ra mi trng gm nhiu doanh nghip cng dng chung mt c s h tng mng v mi doanh nghip c mt mi trng ring. Vic h tr nhiu cp VLAN gn VLAN tag rt quan Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
50 trng. Mi khch hng c th c nhiu VLAN khc nhau v c th trng vi cc khch hng khc, v vy phn bit cc khch hng vi nhau, nh cung cp dch v to ra mt cp VLAN khc phn bit cc khch hng. C hai dng VLAN tag l VLAN tag Preservation/Stacking v VLAN tag Translation/Swapping. VLAN tag Preservation/Stacking Mc ch ca Metro Ethernet l kt ni cc Site ca khch hng li vi nhau. Trong thc t, mi khch hng c mt tp cc VLAN v c th trng lp VLAN ID vi VLAN ID ca khch hng khc. phn bit cc VLAN ca cc khch hng vi nhau, Provider gn cho mi khch hng mt VLAN ID ring gi l Carrier VLAN hay S-VLAN v gi tr ny c s dng truyn trong mng. Nh vy trong header ca frame s cha gi tr S-VLAN v S-VLAN.
Hnh 2.16: VLAN tag Preservation/Stacking Vic t S-VLAN pha trc C-VLAN phn bit lu lng ca cc khch hng nh vy c gi l 802.1q in 802.1q hay cn gi l ngn xp Q-in-Q. Trong Q-in-Q, SVLAN dng gn cho khch hng cn C-VLAN ch gn cho ni b ca khch hng v c n i khi truyn qua mng MAN-E. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
51 VLAN tag Translation/Swapping Thng thng VLAN tag ti u vo v u ra ca mt kt ni l ging nhau. Trong trng hp c hai khch hng mun kt ni cc mng LAN ca h vi nhau nhng gi tr C-VLAN ca mi bn li khng tng ng vi nhau, nh cung cp dch v cho php loi b C-VLAN mt pha ca EVC v chuyn dch thnh gi tr C-VLAN pha kia ca EVC. Nu khng c dch v ny th ch c mt cch duy nht lm l thc hin IP routing. Mt v d khc l nhiu khch hng cng yu cu cung cp kt ni Internet n ISP qua mng Metro. Trong trng hp ny, trong cng frame ca khch hng khng c C-VLAN nh cung cp dch v gn cho khch hng vo EVC tng ng vi S-VLAN. VLAN tag ch c S-VLAN s c g b trc khi n router ca ISP. V d cc khch hng gi gi tin khng gn VLAN tag n giao din UNI. Khch hng 1 c gn SVLAN 10, khch hng 2 c gn S-VLAN 20, khch hng 3 c S-VLAN 30 phn bit lu lng ca tng khch hng. Khi n router ph nh cung dch v n s c loi b v cng kt ni vo Internet.
Hnh 2.17: VLAN tag Translation/Swapping 2.2.4.8 Thuc tnh v gp nhm (Bundling Attribute) Trong cu trc frame ca 802.1Q th c mt trng 12 bit l VLAN tag. Nhu vy c ti a l 4096 VLAN cho mt min lp 2 (layer 2 domain). Vi tnh nng gp nhm, c nhiu hn mt CE-VLAN c nh x vo mt EVC ti UNI. Khi tt c VLAN u
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52 c nh x vo mt EVC th EVC c thuc tnh gp nhm tt c trong mt (All-toone Bundling). 2.2.4.9 Thuc tnh bo mt (Security Fillters Attribute) Mng Metro Ethernet cung cp mng ring o lp 2 (layer 2 VPN) nn nhng vn an ninh tn ti ti lp 2 ny nh: T chi dch v (DoS: Denial of Service), trn ngp MAC (MAC flooding), gi mo a ch MAC (MAC spoofing) cn c bit quan tm. Do Ethernet Service s dng access list vi a ch MAC bo mt cho cc EVC. Nhng a ch MAC tha mn Access List c th c cho php hoc khng cho php EVC . 2.3 CC YU CU V HIU NNG CHO MNG MAN-E 2.3.1 kh dng kh dng ca dch v c din t thng qua mt s thuc tnh dch v sau: Thi gian kch hot dch v ti giao din ngi dng mng (UNI): L thi gian tnh t lc bt u c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti lc dch v c kch hot v a vo s dng. Thi gian kch hot dch v trung bnh ca cc dch v Ethernet ch cn vi gi, ngn hn rt nhiu so vi vi thng - khong thi gian cn thit kch hot dch v mi i vi cc m hnh truyn thng truyn thng. Thi gian trung bnh phc hi UNI: L thi gian tri qua tnh t lc m UNI khng hot ng c th do s c xy ra, ti lc n c phc hi v tr li hot ng bnh thng. Thi gian kch hot dch v trn kt ni Ethernet o (EVC): L thi gian tnh t lc bt u c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti lc dch v c kch hot v a vo s dng. Hay c th hn, khong thi gian ny c tnh t lc bt u c yu cu mt dch v mi hoc sa i dch v cho ti khi tt c cc UNI trn EVC u c kch hot. Vi mt EVC a im, dch v c coi l sn sng c truyn khi m tt c cc UNI thuc v EVC c kch hot v hot ng [1]. Tt c cc dch v Ethernet u c cung cp cho khch hng thng qua cc kt ni Ethernet o (EVC). Mt EVC c nh ngha l mt lin kt gia hai hay nhiu UNI, trong UNI l mt Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
53 giao din chun v l im ranh gii gia thit b ca ngi dng v mng MEN ca nh cung cp dch v . Thi gian trung bnh phc hi EVC: L thi gian tri qua tnh t lc m EVC khng hot ng c th do s c xy ra, ti lc n c phc hi v tr li hot ng bnh thng. 2.3.2 tr khung L thi gian k t thi im bit u tin ca khung dch v i vo UNI u vo, cho ti lc bit cui cng ca khung c nhn xong ti UNI u ra [4]. y l mt tham s quyt nh v c tc ng quan trng i vi cht lng dch v c bit i vi cc ng dng thi gian thc nh thoi, video. Thi gian tr khung c phn thnh ba phn A, B, C nh c m t trn hnh 2.18 tr A v B ph thuc vo tc lung d liu ti UNI, v kch c khung dch v Ethernet. V d, nu nh tc d liu qui nh ti UNI bng 10 Mbit/s v kch c khung l 1518 bytes th c A v B u bng 1.214 ms ti c hai u thit b khch hng CE. C l lng tr truyn ti d liu qua mng Metro Ethernet. N c nh cung cp mng m t theo kiu thng k u n sau tng khong thi gian. Xem xt cho trng hp truyn khung gia hai UNI vi tc 10Mbit/s, trong khong thi gian 5 pht c 1000 khung c truyn v tr ln nht trng hp ny l 15ms, hay ni cch khc C = 15ms. tr khung bng tng ca A, B v C. Theo gi thuyt trn, vi tc ti hai UNI l 10Mbit/s, th A = B = 1.214ms. Nh vy tr khung tng cng l 17. 43ms.[2,7]
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Hnh 2.18: S phn chia tr trong mng
2.3.3 tri khung tri khung, hay cn c hiu l bin ng tr, cng l mt tham s quyt nh cho cc ng dng thi gian thc nh in thoi, video IP. Cc ng dng thi gian thc ny yu cu tr thp v c gii hn m bo cht lng. Ni th khng phi l ph nhn vai tr ca tham s ny i vi cc ng dng d liu khng yu cu thi gian thc, vi cc ng dng ny n cng c nhng nh hng nht nh . tri c nh ngha l s hay i tr ca mt tp cc khung dch v. tri khung c th c p dng cho tt c cc khung dch v c truyn thnh cng trong khong thi gian T tng ng vi mt lp dch v xc nh ca EVC im im. tri khung c th c tnh ton trong khi o tr khung. Trong qu trnh tnh ton tr khung, ta phi s dng cc mu tr khung v gi tr tri khung c xc nh bng php tr gia khung c tr ln nht trong s cc khung ly mu (hay ni cch khc l gi tr tr khung) v khung c tr nh nht. M t ngn gn vic tnh ton tri khung bng cng thc di y: Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
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tr nh nht trong s cc tr ca cc khung ly mu Ta ly ngay v d tnh ton trn cho hai giao din 10Mbps, vi gi s trong s cc khung ly mu, gi tr tr nh nht tnh ton c l 13ms. Nh vy tri khung l: 17.43-13 = 4.43 ms. 2.3.4 T l tn tht khung T l tn tht khung c nh ngha l t l phn trm s khung dch v tun th tc thng tin tha thun song khng c truyn i gia cc UNI trong mt khong thi gian cho trc. Hin nay MEF mi ch a ra nh ngha v t l tn tht khung cho cc kt ni EVC im - im. T l tn tht khung cho EVC im - im c xc nh theo cng thc sau: L = [1-a/b] x 100 tri khung = tr khung
Trong : L l t l tn tht khung, a l s khung c chuyn n ch thnh cng v b l tng s khung c gi t ngun. V d: c 1000 khung dch v c truyn t UNI ngun ti UNI ch trong khong thi gian 5 pht. Trong , c 990 s khung gi i l c truyn ti ch thnh cng, nh vy t l tn tht khung trong trng hp ny s l: [1-990/1000]x100 = 1%. T l tn tht khung c cc tc ng khc nhau ti cht lng dch v, ph thuc vo kiu dch v, vo cc giao thc lp cao hn m dch v s dng. T l tn tht 1% l chp nhn c vi dch v thoi qua IP (VoIP), song nu mt 3% th khng th chp nhn c. Cc ng dng truyn theo lung c th cho php nhiu mc tn tht khc nhau, v c b li bng cch iu chnh tc truyn dn khi pht hin mt gi. Cc ng dng da trn giao thc TCP nh trnh duyt Web HTTP cho php nhiu mc tn tht v n truyn li gi b mt khi pht hin ra c mt gi. Tuy nhin, nu nh t l mt gi ln th nh hng xu n cht lng dch v ca khch hng .
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56 Kt lun chng 2 Trong chng 2 trnh by cc khi nim v mng MAN-E cng nh trnh by chi tit v cc tham s hiu nng mng MAN-E. Cc tham s v t l mt khung, tr khung da theo nh ngha ca din n MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum), Vi cc tham s trn, vic nh gi v nhn bit cht lng dch v d dng v thun li hn cho khch hng cng nh cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Trn c s , nh cung cp s a ra cc lp dch v vi mc cht lng khc nhau tha mn nhng yu cu phc tp ca ngi dng. Ti Vit Nam VNPT l mt nh cung cp dch v Vin thng ln v ang trn khai mng MAN-E vi quy m ln nht Vit Nam. Trong chng 3 xin c trnh by v m hnh trin khai mng MAN-E ti VNPT Thi Nguyn t hnh dung ra ton th mng MAN-E ca VNPT.
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57 CHNG 3: M HNH TRIN KHAI MNG MAN-E TI VNPT 3.1 KIN TRC MNG M hnh trin khai h thng mng ca VNPT bao gm cc cng ty truyn ti (VTN, VTI), cc cng ty cung cp dch v (VDC, VASC) v cc cng ty cung cp kt ni n khch hng (cc cng ty vin thng tnh, thnh). H thng mng MAN-E c trin khai ti cc cng ty vin thng tnh, thnh ph nhm cung cp kt ni n khch hng. Hin ti VNPT ang xy dng h thng mng NGN bao gm mng li, mng bin, mng MAN-E v mng access. V c bn, h tng Mng MAN-E bao gm 5 phn lp: Lp mng trc (IP/MPLS Core): hnh thnh mt li chuyn mch gi chung da trn cng ngh MPLS, kt ni tt c cc tnh thnh trong c nc. Lp mng bin (IP/MPLS Edge): x l thng tin trc khi core MPLS. Bc tch nhn, gn nhn, thc hin prpvision dch v, thit lp QoS MPLS, traffic engineering Lp mng tp trung lu lng (IP/MPLS Aggregation over Ethernet): m bo tp trung lu lng t cc mng truy cp (IP DSLAM, ETTx, UMTS) ti mng trc (BRAS). Lp mng truy cp (Access): cung cp kt ni dch v ti khch hng (cc dch v Cable, xDSL, PON hay ETTx) thng qua cc thit b truy cp nh IP DSLAM, ETTx, UMTS hay Ethernet Switches). Lp mng bin khch hng (Subscriber Edge): ng vai tr bin mng pha khch hng, cung cp kt ni ti lp truy cp ca nh cung cp dch v v cung cp dch v cho nhng ngi s dng bn trong mng.
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Hnh 3.1: Cu trc phn lp mng MAN-E 3.2 MNG MAN-E DA TRN CNG NGH MPLS Khng nh cch thc nh tuyn truyn thng, MPLS s dng cc nhn di chuyn lu lng qua cc min (domain) MPLS. Khi cc gi i vo domain MPLS, cc nhn c gn vo cc gi tn, v mi nhn (khng phi header IP) xc nh chng tip theo. Cc nhn s c loi b ti li ra ca mi domain MPLS. Khi mt gi tin c gn nhn n mt b phn nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSR (Label Switching Router), nhn n s xc nh ng dn ca gi tin ny trong mng MPLS. Vic hng tip i theo nhn MPLS s thay th nhn ny bng mt nhn ra thch hp v gi gi tin n chng tip theo. Cc nhn c gn vo cc gi tin da trn vic phn nhm hoc theo cc lp tng ng chuyn hng i FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Classes). Cc gi tin thuc v cng mt lp FEC s c x l nh nhau. H thng hng i v tra cu MPLS cho php phng thc nh tuyn iu khin xc nh (Explicit Control Routing), da trn c s a ch ngun v ch, cho php trin khai cc dch v IP mi trn mng. Chuyn mch nhn tng c s dng cho k thut chuyn i. ATM s dng cng mt k thut hng gi tin i thng qua trng nhn dng knh o/ ng dn o VPI/ VCI m khng cn quan tm n ti (payload) IP.
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Hnh 3.2: Chn header trong MPLS Tiu chun MPLS c IETF pht hnh, pht trin t chuyn mch nhn Cisco (Cisco Tag Switching). IETF khuyn ngh s dng chuyn mch nhn da trn header chn 32 bit bao gm nhn kch thc 20 bit, trng Exp 3 bit, trng Stack 1 bit, trng TTL 8 bit nh trn hnh 3.2.
Hnh 3.3: Gi tin gn nhn MPLS Trng stack 1 bit s dng ch th rng n y ca stack s dng trong trng hp cc nhn c t chc theo ngn xp (tc l MPLS VPN hoc bo v tuyn kt ni). Cc bit Exp s dng Mang thng tin lin quan n cht lng dch v. Cc nhn c chn thm vo gia header lp 2 vo lp 3 hoc trong trng VCI/VPI trn cc mng ZTM nh hnh 3.3. 3.2.1 Thit k lu lng MPLS Mc d chuyn mch nhn cung cp cc cng ngh nn cho vic hng i gi tin thng qua cc mng MPLS, th cng khng th cung cp tt c cc thnh phn h tr thit k lu lng nh l chnh sch thit k lu lng. Thit k lu lng TE (Traffic Engineering) nhm n qu trnh la chn cc ng dn c chn bi lu lng d Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
60 liu thun tin cho cc qu trnh khai thc mng tin cy v hiu qu, trong khi ti u ng thi vic s dng c hin qu ti nguyn v hiu sut thc hin lu lng. Mc ch ca TE l tnh ton ng dn t nt ny n nt kia sao cho ng dn khng vi phm cc rng buc nh cc yu cu v qun tr/ bng thng v l ti u theo mt s thc o v hng. Mt khi ng dn c tnh, TE c trch nhim cho vic thit lp v duy tr trng thi hng i km theo ng dn . Cc thnh phn thit k lu lng B nh tuyn c kh nng h tr MPLS c gi l b nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSR. B nh tuyn LSR ng trc b nh tuyn LSR cui cng trong mt mng MPLS c gi l chng p cht. Mi ng dn MPLS u cui u cui c gi l ng dn chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Switching Path). Mi ng dn LSP bt u ti b nh tuyn LSR v kt thc ti b nh tuyn cui. Cc giao thc nh tuyn gateway bn trong IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) khng kh nng cho vic thit k lu lng. Quyt nh nh tuyn hu ht l da trn cc thut ton ng dn ngn nht m ni chung s dng cc thc o thm vo nhng khng tnh n mc cn d bng thng hoc c tnh lu lng. Cch d nht cung cp cc tnh nng ny l s dng m hnh xp chng (overlay) cho php cc topology o trn mng vt l. Mi topology o c xy dng t cc ng kt ni o hin ra nh l cc ng kt ni vt l theo giao thc nh tuyn. Hn na, m hnh xp chng cn c kh nng cung cp:

nh tuyn trn c s rng buc. Chc nng lp chnh sch lu lng v ti lu lng. Kh nng tn ti ca cc ng kt ni vt l
Cc kh nng ny cho php di chuyn d dng lu lng t ng kt ni b nghn sang ng kt ni t nghn hn. MPLS l mt m hnh xp chng s dng bi TE, n cung cp:
Cc ng dn chuyn mch nhn xc nh khng b rng buc nh cc giao thc nh tuyn IGP truyn thng.
Cc ng dn chuyn mch nhn LSP c th c duy tr c hiu qu. Lun vn thc s
61 Cc ng trc lu lng c th c khi to, v nh x vo cc ng dn LSP.

Mt tp cc thuc tnh c th lin quan n cc ng trc lu lng. Tp cc thuc tnh c th lin quan n cc ti nguyn m rng buc vic sp t cc ng dn LSP v cc ng trc lu lng i qua chng.
MPLS cho php c vic tp hp v phn tn lu lng khi m vic hng i gi tin IP, da trn c s ch, ch cho php tp hp. nh tuyn trn c s rng buc v bo v ng trc c th tch hp d dng qua MPLS, Cc thnh phn sau c tc ng n vic h tr qu trnh TE:
Phn tn thng tin gi thng tin v topology mng v cc rng buc gn lin vi cc tuyn kt ni (tc bng thng).
Thut ton la chn ng dn tnh ton v la chn cc ng tt nht tha mn cc rng buc.
Khi to tuyn s dng giao thc RSVP TE m rng bo hiu khi to cc ng dn chuyn mch LSP.
iu khin chp nhn ng kt ni - quyt nh ng hm no c th c ti nguyn.
iu khin TE thit lp v duy tr cc ng trc. Hng d liu dc theo ng dn.
Vic phn tn thng tin trong TE ph thuc vo cc giao thc IGP phn tn/ trn ngp d liu lin quan n ti nguyn cn di d ca cc tuyn kt ni bao gm bng thng (phn cp t 0 n 7), cc thuc tnh ng kt ni, Vic phn tn thng tin thc hin trn mi SLR theo chu k hoc theo s kin no nh thay i bng thng, cu hnh ng kt ni, hng hc. Thut ton trn c s rng buc s dng tm ng dn tt nht cho mi ng hm LSP. N l c sp t b b nh tuyn pha u ca ng hm ch khi cn mt ng hm mi hoc ng dn chuyn mch nhn ca ng trc hin c b hng hoc cn ti u li ng trc hin c.
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62 B nh tuyn pha u s bt u qu trnh bo hiu khi to ng dn ngn nht c rng buc tc l mt LSP. Thit lp ng dn da trn cc bn tin RSVP TE. Mt giao thc khc l CR LDP cng c s dng cho vic bo hiu khi to ng. Tuy nhin LDP hot ng theo kiu connectionless, do vy trong nhiu trng hp m bo cht lng dch v, giao thc RSVP c s dng thay th 3.2.2 Hi phc ng hm tin cy ca mng l phn bt buc i vi mng tc cao, m bo cht lng dch v. S gin on c th xy ra v nhng l do nh tc nghn trn ng LSP no , ng kt ni hng, nt mng hng hoc thay i qun tr trn mt LSP no . Mt trong nhng tnh nng ph bin nht ca MPLS TE l kh nng cung cp lu lng khng b gin on qua mt LSP. Bo v ng dn (path protection) c th t c ti nhiu lp khc nhau trong ngn xp giao thc:

Lp vt l (nh SONET vi chin lc APS Automatic Protection Switch). IP (nh giao thc nh tuyn IGP, BGP thay i chng k tip nu nh c thay i v topology).
MPLS (thc hin bi b nh tuyn pha u ph thuc vo s thay i topology).
Trong ng cnh ang xt l MPLS TE, c mt s la chn cho vic hi phc ng dn.
nh tuyn li t b nh tuyn pha u (head end reroute). nh tuyn nhanh li trn c s bo v tuyn kt ni Fast reroute (link protection).
nh tuyn nhanh li trn c s bo v nt Fast reroute (node protection).
3.2.2.1 inh tuyn li t b nh tuyn pha u Qu trnh ny c tnh n khi c mt trong hai s kin: thng bo t RSVP TE rng ng dn khng cn duy tr c (tc l nghn) hoc thng bo bi IGP v s thay i topology mng. Ph thuc vo tng s kin, b nh tuyn pha u s xy dng li c s d liu TE mi sau khi ct b cc tuyn kt ni hoc cc vng hng, nghn, bo Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
63 hiu li mt ng dn mi vi kiu shared explicit. Kiu ny cho php ng dn mi c lp nn trn c s c th s dng mt s tuyn kt ni c. Do qu trnh thc hin nh tuyn li lin quan n nhiu qu trnh x l khc nhau nn thng thng thi gian cho vic nh tuyn li theo phng n ny c th ln n vi giy. Thi gian tiu tn ny khng thch hp cho mt s ng dng. Trong khi MPLS FRR cung cp c cu bo v nhanh hn nhiu (di 50msm tuy rng thi gian tng cng c th ln hn hoc nh hn 50ms cn ty thuc vo phn cng, s lng ng hm v s lng mng trong ). 3.2.2.2 Bo v tuyn kt ni FRR FRR (Fast ReRoute) thit lp th tc cho php nh tuyn li xung quanh tuyn kt ni b hng. ng dn LSP c inh tuyn n chng tip theo s dng ng hm d phng c xc lp trc. ng hm d phng phi c cu hnh sao cho LSP c th n c b nh tuyn pha di chng tip theo m khng i qua tuyn kt ni ang hng. FRR cho vic bo v tuyn kt ni ch phc v cho vic bo v tuyn kt ni xc nh.
Hnh 3.4: Lung gi tin/nhn khi thc hin FRR cho bo v tuyn kt ni Nh hnh 3.4 trn c th thy tuyn kt ni t R2 sang R3 c d phng FRR. Khi xut hin s c trn tuyn kt ni R2 v R3, cc gi tinh i t R1 n R6 s c chuyn sang ng d phng theo tun t R1, R2, R4, R3, R5, R6. Khi nhn cho cc gi tin t R2 n R3 c gn l 2001 trong trng hp bnh thng s c bo ton v c bao bi nhn 1200 khi chuyn n R4. Ti R4 nhn 40 s c loi b v gi tin li c nhn 2001 chuyn n R3. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
64 3.2.2.3 Bo v nt FRR
Hnh 3.5: Lung gi tin/nhn khi thc hin FRR cho bao v nt Nh hnh 3.5 cho thy ng dn dch v LSP l R1, R2, R3, R5, R6. Nu k hoch bo v nt R3 thc hin th c th c cc ng d phng cng qua nt R3 nh sau: 1) R2, R4, R5, R3 hoc 2) R2, R4, R5. Trong trng hp u, ng dn LSP d phng s l R1, R2, R4, R5, R5, R5, R6. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny ng kt ni R3 v R5 lu lng trn b nhn i, v vy khng phi l phng n ti u. Trng hp sau khi ng dn d phng l R1, R2, R4, R5, R6 l ti u v c gi l d phng theo chng tip tip theo hay bo v nt. Bo v nt thc s l phc tp hn bo v khi R2 cn phi bit v nhn c s dng trn tuyn kt ni l R3 v R5, khi R5 mong mun nhn c nhn chnh xc d thng qua ng d phng. Vic s dng mt i tng m rng Route Record s cho php R2 hc c nhn ny. 3.2.3 H tr cht lng dch v trong mng MPLS C hai loi kin trc b sung cho kh nng cht lng dch v QoS l cc dch v tch hp (IntServ) v cc dch v phn bit (DiffServ). Cc dch v IntServ duy tr cht lng dch v QoS u cui u cui cho mi mt hoc mt nhm lung (flow) vi s tr gip ca giao thc RSVP. Trong m hnh DiffServ, mi gi tin khi vo mng h tr DiffServ s c nhm li thnh mt s cc lp nh. Mi lp c mu hoc c nh du lin quan (s dng cc bit DSCP). y chnh l vic phn loi gi tin c kh nng m rng v m bo bng thng cng nh tr xc nh mng li. Mi nt mng trong mng li s c p t cc chnh sch b bt hoch xp hng khc nhau cho mi gi tin, da trn du m gi tin mang (x l theo tng chng PHB Per Hop Behavior). Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
65 3.2.3.1 MPLS kt hp DiffServ Trong kin trc MPLS v DiffServ, cc gi tin c nh du vi DSCP s i vo mng MPLS v phng thc PHB l p t bi mi LSR dc theo ng dn gi tin. Khi cc LSR khng bit cht no v header IP, phng thc PHB t c bng cch xem xt cc thng tin khc. C hai cch tip cn thng c s dng nh du lu lng qua mng MPLS trong vn x l QoS. Trong phng thc th nht, thng tin mu DiffServ c nh x vo trng EXP ca header chn MPLS. Trng ny cho php nh du ln n 8 loi cht lng dch v so vi 64 i vi trng DSCP trong gi tin IP. Vic qun l cc gi tin (PHB) ti mi chng trong mng MPLS c lm da trn trng EXP. Cc ng dn chuyn mch nhn LSP m s dng cch tip cn ny c gi l E-LSP, thng tin QoS c ly ra t cc bit EXP. Mt cch khc, mi nhn lin quan vi mt gi tin MPLS Mang mt phn ca du DiffServ m xc nh gi tin s c xp hng nh th no. Phn u tin b bt ca du DiffServ c Mang cc bit EXP (nu header chn MPLS c dng) hoc trn trng no dng cho mc ch ny ca cng ngh lp di (bit CLP mng ATM hay bit DE trn mng Frame Relay). B nh tuyn LSR u vo s xem xt cc bit DSCP trong header IP (tng t nh cc bit CLP/DE trong mng ATM/Frame Relay) v la chn mt ng dn LSP m c cung cp cho mc cht lng dch v QoS . Ti b nh tuyn u ra, nhn l c b i gi tin vi cc bit DSCP nh ban u c gi n chng IP tip theo. Cc ng dn chuyn mch nhn LSP s dng cc tip cn ny gi l cc ng dn L-LSP, thng tin v cht lng dch v c suy ra mt phn t nhn MPLS. TE khng phn bit cc loi lu lng. mang lu lng d liu v thoi trn cng mt mng, c th cn phi tnh ring mc lu lng thoi c truyn trn mng dung cp nhng m bo kht khe hn v cht lng dch v. 3.2.3.2 Thit k lu lng TE nhn bit v DiffServ (DS-TE) DS-TE khng ch cho php vic cu hnh trn vng global cho vic tnh n bng thng m cn cho php cu hnh trn vng ph (sub-pool) hn ch m c th s dng cho lu lng mng c mc phn cp cao hn nh thoi hoc cc ng dng khc. Bng thng cn d c trn vng global v vng ph hn ch l c qung co bi IGP LSA Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
66 hoc TLV, m bo rng b nh tuyn LSR c c thng tin v bng thng cn d khi chp nhn cc ng dn LSP mi cho thoi hoc cc lu lng phn cp cao. Vi cch thc ny, cc nh cung cp dch v, ph thuc v mc SLA c th la chn t trc nhnh hn cht cc lp phn cp thp hoc thm ch t trc thp hn lu lng c u tin cao hn tng thch vi cc yu cu v cht lng dch v. DiffServ-TE tng cng cho MPLS thc hin nh tuyn c rng buc (tnh ton ng dn) trn mt tp xc nh (hn ch) cc vng ph m bng thng c dnh ring cho lu lng c phn cp cao. Kh nng ny tha mn nhiu hn rng buc v bng thng hn ch s chuyn thnh kh nng t c cht lng dch v cao hn (v kha cnh tr, jitter hoc mt gi tin) cho lu lng s dng vng ph. DS-TE lin quan n vic m rng OSPF v IS-IS bng thng cn d trn vng ph ti mi mc u tin l c qung co km thm vi bng thng vng global ti mi mc u tin. Hn na, DS-TE thay i vic nh tuyn c rng buc tnh n cc thng tin cn qung co phc tp hn, trong qu trnh tnh ton ng dn. Vic s dng c trng vi DS-TE l cho cc dch v m phng ng knh thu ring hoc ng trc cho toll bypass/thoi, khi m kt ni im im m bo tha mn cc iu kin bin ca jitter v tr/bng thng. 3.3 PHNG N KT NI, QUN L 3.3.1 Phng n kt ni Mng truy nhp ca Metro Ethernet c th xy dng vi topology hnh cy, vng, li hoc lai ghp hn hp. Mng c kh nng hi phc trong trng hp c s c v tuyn cp, nt chuyn mch nhm m bo cht lng dch v. Mi mng truy nhp c xy dng c th tri rng trn a bn mt s huyn hoc mt s qun ti trung tm, mt s khu cng nghip ph thuc vo cc s liu d bo v tc pht trin thu bao. Mng li ca Metro Ethernet c th thit k trn c s mng vng ring hoc mng li nhm m bo kh nng d phng ca mng li trong trng hp c s c. Tc chuyn mch ti cc nt mng li ln n hng chc Gbps v lu lng chuyn trn cc Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
67 tuyn kt ni ca mng li c th t n hng chc Gbps. Cc nt mng li c t ti cc im trung tm lu lng, thng cc a im tp trung dn c v khu cng nghip
Hnh 3.6: M hnh kt ni mng MAN-E vi mng ng trc Hnh 3.6 minh ha v phng n kt ni gia cc mng Metro Ethernet ca mi tnh vi h thng mng trc trn c nc. Phn phi trn ca mn hnh IP/MPLS backbone, th hin mng trc c vai tr cho vic kt ni gia cc mng Metro Ethernet ti mi Vin thng tnh. Phn pha di ca hnh m t m hnh mng Metro Ethernet ca mi tnh. i vi cc loi dch v nh truy cp Internet, mng Metro Ethernet ti mi tnh s cung cp mt s tuyn kt ni BRAS phc v vic truy cp. i vi cc loi dch v nh VLAN phc v trao i d liu m cc khch hng nm phn tn trn cc tnh khc nhau, hoc cc dch v VoD, IPTV, mng Metro Ethernet cung cp cc kt ni n thit b PE (Provider Edge). 3.3.2 Phng n qun l mng Mi tnh s c trang b mt h thng qun l v c mt b phn k thut qun l vi vai tr qun l cu hnh thit b, li cho cc h thng thit b m tnh c u t. Vic thit lp cc dch v chung nh IPTV, VoD hoc cc dch v nh VLAN lin quan n cc khch hng thuc tnh s do b phn qun l ca tnh m nhim. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
68 Ton b mng cn n mt b phn qun l chung trn ton mng. B phn ny c nhim v gii quyt cc vn k thut chung cho ton mng hoc c th h tr cho cc b phn k thut di vin thng tnh. i vi cc dch v phn b tri rng trn ton quc cn c s phi hp gia b phn k thut trung tm v cc b phn k thut ti cc n v tnh. Gii php qun l mng p ng c cc tnh nng c bn sau: Layer 2 Provisioning: cho php nh khai thc d dng to cc kt ni lp 2, VPN lp 2 bng cc giao din ha thun tin. Chc nng ny cng cho php to cc chnh sch bo mt hay cht lng dch v QoS. Layer 3 Provisioning: cho php nh khai thc d dng to cc kt ni lp 3, VPN lp 3 bng cc giao din ha thun tin. Chc nng ny cng cho php to cc chnh sch bo mt hay cht lng dch v QoS. Traffic Engineering: cho php h thng trao i vi cc thit b mng to v thay i cc tuyn TE vi cc tnh nng cao cp. Thng thng cc tnh ton phc tp ny phi lm bi cc nh thit k tuyn, sau np d liu v cu hnh thit b. Module ny c cc thut ton rt phc tp h tr nh khai thc to kt ni, c bo v, cht lng dch v. MPLS Diagnostic: cho php thc hin cc cng vic tm li khi c s c trn VPN, TE 3.4 H THNG QUN L IU KHIN MNG MAN-E H thng MAN-E ca VNPT c xy dng trn cng ngh ca hai nh cung cp l Cisco v Huawei trong khun kh ca lun vn ti xin trnh by h thng qun l iu khin mng MAN-E EMS N2000 ca Huawei. H thng bao gm cc chc nng sau 3.4.1 Qun l topo mng Chc nng ny ca h thng cho php xy dng v qun l topo mng. Ngi dng c th xem c quan h gia cc thit b trn mng v c mt giao din trc quan cu hnh thit b. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
69 H thng c kh nng thng k s lng v thng tin trng thi thit b bng mu sc hin th trn s . H thng c th t ng pht hin thit b mi c thm vo 1 node mng.
Hnh 3.7: Topo mng MAN-E
3.4.2 Qun l ti nguyn Chc nng ny c mc ch thu thp thng tin v thit b trn ton b mng do h thng qun l qun l, gip ngi dng c th bit thng tin v cc thay i v ti nguyn mng: thng tin v s lng frame, slot, board, subcard, port trn thit b. H thng c kh nng sp xp thit b theo hnh cy (resource tree). Ngi dng c th tm theo tn, kiu, nhm, a ch IP, trng thi. 3.4.3 Qun l li Chc nng ny gip gim st mng theo thi gian thc. Cc thit b gi thng tin cnh bo ln h thng bng giao thc SNMP v1, v2, v3. H thng c kh nng phn tch nguyn nhn gy ra cnh bo, ch ra mc nghim trng ca cnh bo (bng mu sc). Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
70 3.4.4 Qun l hiu nng Chc nng ny qun l s vn hnh ca ti nguyn trn mng (cho bit thng s % CPU, b nh, , s lt truy nhp, s phin PPPoE,). Cho php t cc thng s vn hnh gii hn. H thng s gi cnh bo khi thng s vn hnh vt qu gii hn. Ngoi ra, h thng cn gim st c lu lng mng v thng s SLA: tr, mt gi tin ICMP, TCP, UDP, SNMP, mt gi tin d liu gia cc node mng, tr kt ni, 3.4.5 Qun l bo mt Chc nng ny gip h thng qun l ngi dng, qun l mt khu, nhn thc, cp quyn cho ngi dng. C th ghi li qu trnh lm vic ca ngi dng. Cho php ngi qun tr buc ngi dng khc phi ng xut khi h thng khi nhn thy h thng b nguy him. H thng c kh nng kha client khng cn c quyn truy nhp vo h thng. 3.4.6 Qun l cu hnh Chc nng ny gip qun l s lng frame, board, port, trn thit b. Cc interface c h thng qun l bao gm: Ethernet, POS, interface o: sub-interface, trunk interface, loopback interface, Qun l VLAN, QinQ, ACL, QoS, HqoS,... 3.4.7 Cu hnh dch v qua giao din ho (provisiong) H thng h tr vic cu dch v VPN qua giao din ho : To tunnel policy To PW To VSI To VRF
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71 3.4.8 Cu hnh trn thit b mng (cc router NE40E) h thng qun l c cc thng s ca mng trc tin ta phi cu hnh cc tham s trn thit b mng Cu hnh SNMP trn cc router NE40E . Trong trng hp c t access-list th phi permit cho a ch server 123.29.0.162 H thng EMS c trin khai theo m hnh Client - Server My ch ca h thng t ti cng ty vin thng lin tnh VTN , cc h thng Client c t ti cc VNPT tnh thnh c kt ni vi nhau thng qua kt ni VPN. H thng c giao cho VTN qun l v phn quyn ty theo chc nng nhim v. Do c thit k nh trn l gip cho mng MAN-E ca VNPT c s ng b, thng nht gia cc VNPT tnh thnh ph vi mng ng trc ca VTN. 3.5 XY DNG MNG MAN-E VNPT THI NGUYN Mng MAN-E ca VNPT c tun th nghim tc theo cc quy nh, tiu chun ca tp on VNPT. Thit b mng MAN-E ti VNPT l thit b ca tp on Huawei Trung Quc. mng c xy dng theo cc bc sau: 3.5.1 nh hng xy dng mng MAN-E Mng MAN-E ca VNPT Thi Nguyn c xy xng da theo nh hng nh sau: Xy dng cu trc mng MAN-E v trin khai mng truy nhp quang, chun b tt h tng sn sng cung cp cc dch v bng rng, dch v tc cao. Dung lng mng MAN-E c xy dng p ng nhu cu d bo pht trin cc dch v: Internet, truyn s liu, dch v bng rng v dch v thoi (trn c s thit b MSAN trang b mi). Cu trc mng MAN-E v truy nhp quang trong giai on u gm cc phn sau: Mng MAN-E Ethernet, lm chc nng thu gom lu lng ca cc thit b mng truy nhp (MSAN/IP-DSLAM), lu lng cc khch hng kt ni trc
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72 tip vo mng MAN-E chuyn ti lu lng trong ni tnh, ng thi kt ni ln mng trc IP/MPLS NGN chuyn lu lng i lin tnh, i quc t. H thng mng cp quang truy nhp, c s dng kt ni cc thit b mng MAN-E v cung cp cp quang truy nhp n cc ta nh, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut v cc khch hng ln. 3.5.2 nh c mng MAN-E Mng MAN-E VNPT Thi Nguyn c nh c da trn cc tham s u vo, cc phng php tnh c mng MAN-E da trn tng dch v c th nh sau:
3.5.2.1 Cc tham s u vo tnh kch c mng MAN-E

Cc thng s s lng: POTS port, ADSL 2+ port, SHDSL port, VDSL2 v Ethernet port l tng s lng port tng ng kt ni n mt thit b Carrier Ethernet Switch (CES) ca mng MAN-E. S liu POTS port d bo l s lng thu bao POTS tng ng s c trin khai trn cc thit b MSAN. S liu Ethernet port d bo ca CES bao gm: s lng thu bao s dng kt ni Ethernet, 2 port kt ni cho mi MSAN kt ni vo CES , cc port kt ni CES vi cc thit b CES khc. S liu ADSL2+, SHDSL, VDSL d bo l s lng thu bao s trin khai trn MSAN hoc IP DSLAM. Da trn nhu cu d bo dung lng cng POTS, ADSL2+, SHDSL, VDSL2, Ethernet (thu bao s dng kt ni Ethernet ch yu phc v cho cc vng trung tm tnh, huyn, th x v c nhu cu dch v bng rng) d bo v tnh ton nng lc mng, t c k hoch xy dng mng ph hp. Bng cc tham s u vo ca mng MAN-E VNPT Thi Nguyn c th hin chi tit ti ph lc 01: Bng ch s u vo
3.5.2.2Phng php tnh kch c mng MANMAN-E

Lu lng thoi (A) Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
73 Cc ch s S lng kt ni ng thi: CC = 10% S % thu bao s dng dch v thoi codec G.711: a1 = 80% S % thu bao s dng dch v thoi codec G.729: a2 = 20% Dung lng bng thng dng cho dch v thoi vi codec l G.711 (64kbit/s) A1 = a1 x POTS port x CC x 126 (kbit/s) Dung lng bng thng dng cho dch v thoi vi codec l G.729 (8kbit/s) A2 = a2 x POTS port x % CC x 39 (kbit/s) Tng lu lng thoi: A = A1 + A2 = [CC x (a1 x 126 + a2 x 39) / 1024 ] x POTS (Mbit/s) Lu lng Internet (B) Cc ch s S dng kt ni ADSL 2+ v SHDSL i vi khch hng Residential (H gia nh) S lng kt ni ng thi chim bng thng truy nhp Internet: CC1 = 20% T l thu bao l Residential: URr = 90% Bng thng trung bnh cho truy nhp: bw1 = 100 (kbit/s) Ring i vi cc n v: B HNI, Tp. HCM, HPG, CTO, NG tnh: bw1 = 200 (kbit/s) B1= CC1 x URr x bw1/1024 x (ADSL 2+ port + SHDSL port) i vi khch hng Bussiness (cc cng ty, doanh nghip) S lng kt ni ng thi chim bng thng truy nhp Internet: CC2 = 70% T l thu bao l Business: URb = 10% Bng thng trung bnh cho truy nhp: bw2 = 2048 (kbit/s) B2 = CC2 x URb x bw2/1024 x (ADSL 2+ port + SHDSL port) Tng lu lng s dng kt ni ADSL 2+ v SHDSL: B1= B1+B2 = (b1+b2) x DSL port (Mbit/s) Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
74 Trong : b1 = CC1 x URr x bw1/1024 ; b2 = CC2 x URb x bw2/1024 v DSL port= ADSL 2+ port + SHDSL port S dng kt ni Ethernet S lng kt ni ng thi chim bng thng truy nhp Internet: CC3 = 80% Bng thng trung bnh cho truy nhp: bw3 = 2048 (kbit/s) B3 = CC3 x bw3/1024 x Ethernet port = b3 x Ethernet port (Mbit/s) Trong : b3= CC3 x bw3/1024 S dng kt ni VDSL2: S lng kt ni ng thi chim bng thng truy nhp Internet: CC4 = 80% Bng thng trung bnh cho truy nhp: bw4 = 2048 (kbit/s) B4 = CC4 x bw4/1024 x VDSL2 port = b4 x VDSL2 port (Mbit/s) Tng lu lng Internet: Lu lng dch v VPN (C) Cc ch s: S dng kt ni ADSL 2+: Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v ADSL2+ VPN: cw1= 640 (kbit/s) T l thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v VPN: URa= 1% T l chim bng thng ng thi l 70% C1= cw1/1024 x URa x ADSL 2+ port x 70% = c1 x ADSL 2+ port x 70% S dng kt ni SHDSL: Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v SHDSL VPN: cw2= 1024 (kbit/s) Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s B= B1 +B3 + B4 (Mbit/s)
75 T l chim bng thng ng thi l 70% C2= c2 x SHDSL port x 70% Trong : c2= cw2/1024 S dng kt ni Ethernet: Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v Ethernet VPN: cw3= 5 (Mbit/s) T l chim bng thng ng thi l 70% C3= c3 x Ethernet port x 70% Trong : c3= cw3 S dng kt ni VDSL2: Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v VDSL2 VPN: cw4=2 (Mbit/s) C4= c4 x VDSL2 port Trong : c4= cw4 Nh vy tng bng thng dch v VPN: C= C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 (Mbit/s) Dung lng dch v VoD (D) Cc ch s: S dng kt ni ADSL 2+: S % thu bao s dng dch v VoD: Su1=5% Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v VoD: dw1=2048 (kbit/s) % thu bao chim bng thng: URv1= 10% D1= Su1 x dw1/1024 x URv1 x ADSL 2+ port = d1 x ADSL 2+ port Trong : d1 = Su1 x dw1/1024 x URv1 S dng kt ni VDSL2 : S % thu bao s dng dch v VoD: Su2 = 50% Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
76 Bng thng trung bnh cho dch v VoD: dw2=2048 (kbit/s) % thu bao chim bng thng: URv2= 10% D2= Su2 x dw2/1024 x URv2 x VDSL2 port = d2 x VDSL 2 port Trong : d2 = Su2 x dw2/1024 x URv2 Tng bng thng s dng dch v VoD: D= D1 + D2 (Mbit/s) Dung lng dch v IPTV (E) Cc ch s: Tng knh ca dch v IPTV: Ch= 100 Bng thng trung bnh cho 1 knh: ew1=2048(Kbit/s) Bng thng s dng dch v IPTV: E= ew1/1024 x Ch (Mbit/s) Kch c mng MAN Tng dung lng thu bao trn CES CS = (A + B + C + D + E) (Mbit/s) Tng bng thng ca mt Ring Access R = CSi Trong : CSi l dung lng cc node thuc cng mt Ring Access (Khng k Node Core) Yu cu bng thng thc t ca mt Ring Access: RT= R x 100/70 (Mbit/s) Yu cu bng thng thc t ca mt Node Core: RTNodeCore= CSNodeCore x 100/70 Bng thng yu cu ti Ring core
Lun vn thc s
77 RC = RTj (Ton b phn lu lng ca Node Core u ni ln NGN trc v ton b phn lu lng Internet ca Ring Access cha Node Core ) Trong RTj bao gm bng thng ca tt c cc Ring Access v cc Node Core Yu cu v kh nng chuyn mch ca thit b CES i vi Node Core: Node Core m c kt ni trc tip ln mng NGN trc: S = RTj x 6; F = S/(8*64) Node Core khng c kt ni trc tip ln mng NGN trc: S = RC x 6; F = S/(8*64) Cc Node khng thuc Core: S = RT * 6; F = S/(8*64) Dung lng kt ni lin tnh: 20% lu lng thoi v VPN v ton b lu lng cn li. Da trn cc cng thc nh c mng v cc d bo dung lng bng thng kt ni trn mng MAN-E (ti ph luc 02: D bo mng MAN-E VNPT Thi Nguyn giai on 2010-2011) tnh c dung lng ni ca cc dch v trn mng MAN-E ca VNPT Thi Nguyn giai on 2010 2011. Chi tit ti ph lc 03: Tnh dung lng MAN-E VNPT Thi Nguyn giai on 2010 2011. Cn c vo kt qu tnh dung lng ca cc dch v, mng truyn dn MAN-E c t chc thnh 5 vng Ring bao gm 14 UPE, 02 PE-AGG. Cc vng Ring c th nh sau: Ring 1: Thi Nguyn i T - Thi Nguyn. Ring 2: Thi Nguyn n i T - Thi Nguyn. Ring 3: Thi Nguyn ng H - La Hin Tri Cau Ph Bnh Thi Nguyn. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7 Lun vn thc s
78 Ring 4: Thi Nguyn Ph Lng nh Ha Bnh Yn i T - Thi Nguyn. Ring 5: Thi Nguyn Lu Xc Sng Cng Ph Yn Bc Sn i T - Thi Nguyn. Hnh nh chi tit v Mng MAN-E ca VNPT Thi Nguyn v cc vng Ring c th hin ti ph lc 04: Cu trc mng MAN-E VNPT Thi Nguyn giai on 20102011 Bng 3.1: Danh sch cc Node MANE u ni BRAS (GE/ 10GE) 3/0 u ni PE (GE/ 10GE) 1/0 GE Port S dng 17 40 8 13 9 5 10 11 6 9 13 21 9 11 8 8 218 Cha s dng 7 8 16 11 15 7 14 13 6 15 11 15 25 1 4 4 142 10 GE Port S dng 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 Cha s dng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TT
Tn trm
Chc nng
I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 II
Thi Nguyn Thi Nguyn n ng H La Hin Tri Cau Ph Bnh i T Bnh Yn nh Ha Ph Lng Lu X Sng Cng Ph Yn Bc Sn i T Tng s
PE-AGG UPE Ring 1 UPE Ring 2
UPE Ring 3
UPE Ring 4
UPE Ring 5
PE-AGG
2/0 5/0
1/0 2/0
Lun vn thc s
79
Hnh 3.8 S mng MAN-E Thi Nguyn giai on 2010 2011 Kt lun chng 3 Trong chng 3 trnh by v m hnh trin khai mng Metro Ethernet ti VNPT v c th l VNPT Thi Nguyn, l mt nh cung cp dch v ang trin khai mng MAN-E ln nht ti Vit Nam. T m hnh ny chng ta thy rng mng MAN-E c nhim v tp trung lu lng rt ln t lp access chuyn ln lp Core. Vic x l lu lng, p dng chnh sch cht lng dch v, khi to cc dch v u nng mng MAN-E. V vy h thng mang MAN-E cn m bo c hiu v tin cy cao.
Lun vn thc s
80 KT LUN V NGH Nhu cu s dng nhiu loi hnh dch v tc cao vi mt ng truyn bng rng t nh cung cp dch v vin thng ngy cng ln. c bit trong nm 2010 dch v IPTV v cc dch v bng rng trn mng di ng 3G pht trin mt cch mnh m dn n nhu cu v mt mng truyn s liu tc cao tht s l vn cp thit ca cc nh cung cp dch v. Mng MAN-E v ang c trin khai vi quy m trn ton quc s p ng c nhu cu hin ti v d phng trong tng lai. Lun vn trnh by c cc khi nim v mng MAN-E cng nh cc dch v s c cung cp thng qua h thng mng ny. Mng MAN-E l phn khc nm gia lp Core v lp Access, c chc nng tp trung lu lng v thc hin cc chc nng m bo yu cu v cht lng dch v cho khch hng. Lun vn Cng ngh mng MAN-E v ng dng cng trnh by c m hnh trin khai mng MAN-E ti Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam VNPT, mt nh cung cp dch v c th phn ln nht ti Vit Nam, nhm nh gi vai tr ca mng MAN-E trong m hnh cung cp dch v ca VNPT. Lun vn cung cp nhng kin thc c bn nht ca mng MAN-E cung nh m hnh trin khai thc t. T tin hnh nh c, tnh ton ln phng n trin khai mng MAN-E ti VNPT Thi Nguyn trong gian on 2010-2011 nhm p ng cho nhu cu bng thng ngy cng ln, cht lng dch v khng ngng c nng cao ca mng li vin thng. Vi s hiu bit cn hn ch, lun vn c th cn nhin thiu st. Ti rt mong mun nhn c s ng gp kin ca qu thy c gio, bn b, ng nghip.
Lun vn thc s
81 TI LIU THAM KHO
Ting Vit
1. Nguyn Huy Thnh (2006), Nghin cu la chn cng ngh v gii php xy dng mng MAN trn cp quang, lun vn thc s k thut, Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng. 2. TS.Nguyn Qu Minh Hin, TS. Kim Bng (2002), Mng vin thng th h sau , NXB Bu IN.
Ting Anh
3. Sam Halabi (2003), Metro Ethernet, Cisco Press. 4. MEF forum (2003), Metro Ethernet Services A technical overview, Metro Ethernet forum White paper. 5. Metro Ethernet Forum (2004). MEF 4 Metro Ethernet Network Architecture Framework, Part 1: Generic Framework , The Metro Ethernet Forum. 6. MEF forum (2008), MEF -12 Metro Ethernet Network Architecture Framework Part 2: Ethernet Services Layer, The Metro Ethernet Forum. 7. MEF forum (2008), MEF 6.1-Ethernet Services Definitions Phase 2, The Metro Ethernet Forum. 8. MEF forum (2009), MEF 10.2 - Ethernet Services Attributes Phase 2, The Metro Ethernet Forum.
Lun vn thc s
82 PH LC 01: Bng ch s u vo
Loi thu bao Bng thng Gi tr (Mbps/thu Tn bao) Cc tham s s dng tnh bng thng Tn a1 a2 Thoi a 0,017 Codec1 Codec2 CC bw1 URr b1 + b2 ADSL2+ v SHDSL Truy nhp Internet b3 (FTTH) b4 (VDSL2/F TTB/FTT C) VPN c1 (ADSL2+) c2 (SHDSL) c3 2,00 CC3 bw4 1,00 CC4 0,005 cw1 URa CC1 cw2 CC2 0,18 cw3 CC1 0,23 bw2 URb CC2 bw3 ngha T l thu bao thoi s dng Codec1 T l thu bao thoi s dng Codec2 Bng thng 1 thu bao thoi dng Codec1 Bng thng 1 thu bao thoi dng Codec2 T l s dng ng thi Bng thng truy nhp Internet/1 thu bao (*) T l Residential T l truy nhp Internet ng thi chim bng thng Bng thng truy nhp Internet/1 thu bao T l Bussiness T l truy nhp Internet ng thi Bng thng truy nhp Internet/1 thu bao T l truy nhp Internet ng thi Bng thng truy nhp Internet/1 thu bao T l truy nhp Internet ng thi Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao T l thu bao s dng dch v T l truy nhp ng thi Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao T l truy nhp ng thi Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao Gi tr 80% 20% 128 kbps 39 kbps 15% 512 kbps 90% 20% 2.048 kbps 10% 70% 10.240 kbps 20% 5.120 kbps 20% 640 kbps 1% 70% 1.024 kbps 70% 5 Mbps
0,7
Lun vn thc s
83
(FTTH) Urf CC3 cw4 c4 (VDSL2) 0,07 Urv CC4 dw1 d1 (ADSL2+) VoD/My TV 0,42 Su1 URv1 d2 (VDSL2/F TTX) dw2 0,18 Su2 URv2 Ch1 ew1 Ch2 ew12 dw1 Su1 URv1 dw2 0,18 Su2 URv2 Ch1 ew1 Ch2 ew12 T l thu bao FTTH dng VPN T l truy nhp ng thi Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao T l thu bao VDSL s dng VPN T l truy nhp ng thi Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao T l thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v T l thu bao chim bng thng Bng thng truy nhp Internet/1 thu bao T l thu bao VDSL2+/FTTX s dng dch v T l thu bao chim bng thng Tng knh BTV SD Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao Tng knh BTV HD Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao T l thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v T l thu bao chim bng thng Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao T l thu bao VDSL2+/FTTX s dng dch v T l thu bao chim bng thng Tng knh BTV SD Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao Tng knh BTV HD Bng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao
5% 70% 2 Mbps 5% 70% 6.144 kbps 70% 10% 6.144 kbps 30% 10% 100 4.096 kbps 20 8.704 kbps 6.144 kbps 70% 10% 6.144 kbps 30% 10% 60 4.096 kbps 20 8.704 kbps
BTV/My TV
E (Mbps)
570
d3 (ADSL2+) VoD/VT C d4 (VDSL2/F TTX)
0,42
BTV (VTC)
E1(Mbps)
410
Lun vn thc s
84 PH LC 02 : Bng d bo dung lng MAN-E giai on 2010 - 2011 VNPT Thi Nguyn Tng n ht 2011
SHDSL VDSL2
STT
I II III IV V VII VIII IX X XI XII
TNN00TNN TNN00DTU TNN01TNN TNN02TDN TNN03DHY TNN03PBH TNN04DTU TNN04BYN TNN04DHA TNN04PLG TNN05LXA
PEAGG PEAGG UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE
CORE 1 2 3 8292 54 155 0 274 4 110 0 1542 450 5 0 131 128 11.214 14466 4598 2283 1212 3359 619 1458 3108 6688 1795 7864 657 88 16 12 7 16 1 6 9 25 11 9 2 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 143 96 48 122 12 52 77 223 64 99 14 2108 404 355 498 807 115 395 878 1055 355 1879 160
XIII TNN05SCG XIV TNN05PYN XV TNN05BSN Tng
50.368 227 15 1.617 9.427
Lun vn thc s
MyTV
FTTH
POTS
Ring No.
ADSL 2+
a im UPE, MSAN, IP DSLAM,MxU/L2S
Loi thit b
85
Lun vn thc s
86 PHC LC: 04
CU TRC MNG MAN-E VNPT THI NGUYN GIAI ON 2010 - 2011 PHN I HIN TRNG MNG MAN-E N THNG 12/2009 - hon thnh trin khai, o kim v a vo khai thc t ngy 04/11/2009; - thc hin xong u chuyn thu bao ngy 16/01/2010; - Hin trng mng gm c: 14 UPE, 02 PE-AGG + Cc hnh
Hnh 1: Hin trng mng MAN-E Vin thng Thi Nguyn
Lun vn thc s
87
Ge
Ge 3/0/11
10
/9
/8
Ge 3 /0
3 /0
3/ 0
G
e G 4/ 2 0/
Ge
G e
Hnh 2: Ring 1
Hnh 3: Ring 2
4/ 0/ 11
3/ 0/ 0
3/0
3 /1 /0
Ge 4/0/1 0
Ge 4
Ge 4/0/9
/2
3 Ge 1 /0/
/0/8
Ge
Lun vn thc s
88
G e
4/ 0/ 4
Hnh 4: Ring 3
Hnh 5: Ring 4
Ge 5 0/ 4/
Lun vn thc s
89
/4 Ge 4/1
G
4/0 /6
4/ 0/ 4
4/ 1/ 3
4 Ge
G e 5 0/ 4/
/1/6
4 Ge 8 /0/
Ge / 4/0
Ge
Ge
Hnh 6: Ring 5 + Danh sch cc Node MAN-E u ni BRAS (GE/ 10GE) 3/0 u ni PE (GE/ 10GE) 1/0 GE Port S dng 17 40 8 13 9 5 10 11 6 9 13 21 9 Cha s dng 7 8 16 11 15 7 14 13 6 15 11 15 25 10 GE Port S dng 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cha s dng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TT
Tn trm
Chc nng
I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Thi Nguyn Thi Nguyn n ng H La Hin Tri Cau Ph Bnh i T Bnh Yn nh Ha Ph Lng Lu X Sng Cng
PE-AGG UPE Ring 1 UPE Ring 2
UPE Ring 3
UPE Ring 4
UPE Ring 5
Lun vn thc s
90 13 14 II Ph Yn Bc Sn i T Tng s 11 8 8 218 1 4 4 142 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0
PE-AGG
2/0 5/0
1/0 2/0
PHN II CU TRC MNG MAN-E GIAI ON 2010 - 2011
1. Lp mi thit b v b sung m rng cc cng kt ni: - Trong giai on 2010 - 2011, mng MAN-E ca Vin thng Thi Nguyn s gi nguyn cu hnh mng gm 14 UPE v 02 PE-AGG t chc thnh 05 vng Ring Access v 01 vng Ring Core, v tr lp t cc node s khng thay i; Cn c theo hin trng mng li, nhu cu lp mi, m rng dung lng v bng thng cc im truy nhp bng rng IPDSLAM, MSAN, MxU, SwitchL2 trn a bn. Vin thng Thi Nguyn ngh m rng bng thng 05 vng Ring Access v 01 vng ring Core ln 10GE, cc kt ni ln BRAS v PE ln 10GE; 1.1 Cc Ring m rng: Bng 1: M rng bng thng cc Ring STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tn Ring Ring Core Ring 1 Ring 2 Ring 3 Ring 4 Ring 5 Bng thng hin ti 1GE 10GE 1GE 2x1GE 2x1GE 2x1GE Bng thng m rng 10GE 10GE 10GE 10GE 10GE 10GE Ghi ch M rng Gi nguyn M rng M rng M rng M rng
Lun vn thc s
91 1.2 M rng bng thng kt ni BRAS, PE Bng 2: M rng bng thng kt ni BRAS, PE Kt ni BRAS hin ti 2x1GE 2x1GE Kt ni BRAS m rng 10x1GE 10GE Kt ni PE hin ti 1GE 1GE Kt ni PE m rng 10GE 10GE
STT 1 2
Tn PE-AGG Thi Nguyn i T
Cc cng kt ni cn trang b: Bng 3: Cc cng cn u t Chc nng PE-AGG PE-AGG UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE UPE 1GE 10GE
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tn Trm Thi Nguyn i T Thi Nguyn n ng H La Hin Tri Cau Ph Bnh i T Bnh Yn nh Ha Ph Lng Lu X Sng Cng Ph Yn Bc Sn Tng s
10Km 40Km 80Km 10Km 40Km 80Km 10 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 10 10 7 15 41
1 2 19
Lun vn thc s
92 1.3 Thit b d phng Bng 4: Cc card d phng Line card S lng Line card 1GE 02 Line card 10GE 02
Bng 5: Cc SFP d phng Module quang S lng Tng s 1GE 40Km 12 24 10GE 40Km 02 06
10Km 06
80Km 06
10Km 02
80Km 02
1.4 Cc trm lp cn trang b Bng 6: Trm lp 10GE cn trang b Khong cch tuyn cp (km) 60 35
STT
im t trm lp Bnh Thnh Hanh
u tuyn
Cui tuyn Bnh Yn Ph Bnh
Ghi ch Khong cch cp quang ln Tuyn cp quang suy hao ln
1 2
i T Thi Nguyn
Cc trm lp s phc v kt ni quang tuyn Bnh Yn - i T chiu di ln trn 60km v tuyn quang Thi Nguyn - Ph Bnh b suy hao ln do c nhiu mi hn ni v ODF. Nh vy: - Trong giai on 2010-2011, cu hnh mng MAN-E gm: 02 node PE-AGG, 14 node UPE; - Mng MAN-E m bo cung cp dch v cho 50.386 cng ADSL2+, 227 cng SHDSL, 15 cng VDSL2 v 1.617 cng FTTH.
Lun vn thc s

Luan Van CNghe M NG MAN-E

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1 1.4.3 MPLS .................................................................................................................23 Kt lun chng 1.......................................................................................................25

CHNG 3: M HNH TRIN KHAI MNG MAN-E TI VNPT ............57

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

DANH MC CC K HIU, CH CI VIT TT

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

6 quang Cc dch v knh thu bao s

x Digital Subcriber Line

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng MAN-E Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Lp dch v ng dng: h tr cc ng dng c truyn ti da trn dch v Lun vn thc s

Ethernet lp 2. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Hnh 2.2: M hnh mng MAN-E theo cc lp

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Metro Area Network ETHERNET (MAN-E)

Hnh 2.3: M hnh cc im tham chiu

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Subscriber Site A UNI

Metro Ethernet Network (MEN)

Ethernet Virtual Connection End-to-End Ethernet flow

Hnh 2.4: Giao din UNI v m hnh tham chiu MAN-E

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Tnh d s dng. Hiu qu v chi ph (cost effectiveness). Lun vn thc s

Linh hot. Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Hnh 2.6: EVC im im

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Hnh 2.7: EVC im a im

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Point-to-Point EVC UNI CE CE

E-Line Service type

Hnh 2.10: Dch v E-Line

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Trng hp lu lng >= 10Mbps th s b hy.

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Hnh 2.18: S phn chia tr trong mng

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

Cc ng dn chuyn mch nhn LSP c th c duy tr c hiu qu. Lun vn thc s

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

61 Cc ng trc lu lng c th c khi to, v nh x vo cc ng dn LSP.

iu khin chp nhn ng kt ni - quyt nh ng hm no c th c ti nguyn.

iu khin TE thit lp v duy tr cc ng trc. Hng d liu dc theo ng dn.

Nguyn Quang Huy lp Cao hc K7

MPLS (thc hin bi b nh tuyn pha u ph thuc vo s thay i topology).