I.

Tng mch cacbon khng cha nhm chc Tng mch cacbon cha nhm chc

PHN NG TNG MCH CACBON

1500 C, l lnh nhanh m 2CH4 C2 H2 + 3H2 CuCl, NH4Cl, t 2C2H2 C C - CH =CH2 C, 600 C 3C2H2 C6H6 ZnO-MgO ho Al 2O3, t c 2C2H5 OH CH2 =CH - CH =CH2 +2H2 O +H2 xt CnH2n+1X +2Na (Cn H2n+1 )2 +2NaX AlCl3,t C6H5X +2Na +X-R C6 H5 -R +2NaX AlCl 3,t C6H6 +X-R C6 H5 -R +HX pdd RCOONa +2H2O R-R +2CO2 +2NaOH +2H2 Ca(OH)2 6HCHO C6H12O6 xt 2HCHO HOCH2 - CHO t CH3COONa CH3 - CO - CH3 +Na2 CO3 H2SO4 c, 140 C 2C2H5OH CH3 -O-CH3 +H2 O t (RCOO)2Ca R - CO - R +CaCO3 t (CH3COO)2Ca CH3 - CO - CH3 +CaCO3
o o o o o o o o o o

II. Gim mch cacbon khng cha nhm chc III. Gim mch cacbon cha nhm chc

PHN NG GIM MCH CACBON

CaO, t R(COONa)n +nNaOH RHn +Na2 CO3 CaO, t (RCOO)2Ca +2NaOH 2RH +CaCO3 +Na CO3 2 cracking CxH2x+2 CnH2n+2 +CmH2m
o o

(n +m =x, m 2; x 3) ln men r u C6H12O6 2CH3CH2 OH +2CO2 glucoz

ln men lactic

r u etylic axit lactic

ln men lactic

C6H12O6 2CH3 -CH(OH)-COOH +2CO2 glucoz fructoz C6H12O6 2CH3 -CH(OH)-COOH +2CO2 axit lactic

HP CHT THAM GIA PHN NG TRNG HP, TRNG NGNG

1. Hp cht tham gia phn ng trng hp cn iu kin: cha C = C 2. Hp cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng cn cha mt trong cc nhm sau: Cha nhm NH2 v OH Cha nhm NH2 v COOH Cha t nht 2 nhm OH Cha t nhm OH v nhm C = O Cha t nht 2 nhm COOH IV. CHT TC DNG VI NHIU CHT