V NG C TNH TC NGOI CA NG C

1.ng c tnh tc

ng c tnh tc ca ng c l cc th ch s ph thuc ca cng sut c ch
N
e
, m men xon c ch M
e
, tiu hao nhin liu trong mt gi G
e
v sut tiu hao nhin liu g
e
ca ng c theo s vng quay n hoc theo tc trc khuu cu ng c.

ng c tnh tc ca ng c (thc nghim)
Hnh 1.a: ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c xng khng hn ch s vng quay
1

Hnh 1.b: ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c xng c hn ch s vng quay.

Hnh 1.c: ng c tnh ngoi ng c Diezen
C hai loi ng c tnh tc ca ng c t trong:
ng c tnh tc ngoi gi tt l c tnh ngoi ca ng c, ng vi nhin liu c
cung cp hon ton.
ng c tnh tc cc b tng ng vi bm ga hoc thanh rng nm v tr trung
gian, tc l nhin liu c cung cp khng hon ton.
2

d tr v momen xon c nh gi bng h s thch ng ca ng c:
k=M
max
/M
N
M
N
:

momen xon ng vi cng sut cc i N ca ng c
H s k c gi tr nh sau:
i vi ng c xng : 1,25 1,35
i vi ng c Diezen : 1,05 1,15
Khi khng c ng c tnh tc ngoi ca ng c bng thc nghim ta c th xy
dng ng c tnh nh cng thc kinh nghim ca S.R. Ly cman c dng nh sau:

2
ax
e e e
e m
N N N
n
a b c
n n
N N
n n n
1
_ _
1
+


1
, ,
]
(1.1)
y:
N
e
, n
e
-cng sut hu ch ca ng c v s vng quay trc khuu ng vi
im bt k ca th c tnh ngoi.
N
max
, n
N
- cng sut c ch cc i v s vng quay vi cng sut ni trn
a, b, c - Cc h s thc nghim, chn theo bng:
Loi ng c a b c
ng c xng 1 1,5 1
Diezen 4 k bung chy trc tip 0,5 1,5 1
Diezen 4 k bung chy d b 0,6 1,4 1
Diezen 4 k bung chy xoay lc 0,7 1,3 1
Bit c cc gi tr N
e
va n
e
, bng cch cho cc gi tr khc nhau da trn cng thc (1.1)
s tnh c cng sut N
e
tng ng v t v c th N
e
=f(n
e
).
C cc gi tr N
e
v n
e
c th xc nh momen xon M
e
ca ng c theo cng thc sau:

( )
4
10
.
1.047
e
e
e
N
M N m
n

Ne :Cng sut ng c (kw)
ne :S vng quay trc khuu [vg/ph]
Me :Momen xon ng c [N.m]
C cc gii tr Ne, Me tng ng vi cc gi tr n
e
, ta c th v th Ne=f(n
e
)
v th Me=f(n
e
).
3
2. Xy dng ng c tnh tc ngoi ca ng c
2.1 Thng s k tht ca xe Santafe, loai ng c chy du Diesel 2.2 CRDi
NG C (Engine)
Loi (Type)
ng c chy du Diesel
2.2 CRDi
Dung tch xi lanh (cc) (Displacement) 2.188
ng knh xi lanh v hnh trnh piston
(mm) (Bore & Stroke ) 87,0 x 92,0
T s nn (Compression Ratio) 17,3
Cng sut cc i (kw/rpm) 110 (150 ps)/4.000
M men xon cc i (kg.m/rpm) 335(34.2kg.m)/1.800-2.500
Tiu hao nhiu liu (TP/ng trng) 7lt/100km
H THNG TRUYN LC (Drive Train)
Hp s (Transmission) 5 s t ng (5-speed A/T)
T s truyn (Gear Ratio) S 1 (1st)
3,789
S 2 (2nd)
2,064
S 3 (3rd)
1,421
S 4 (4th)
1,034
S 5 (5th)
0,728
S li
(Reverse)
3,684
T s truyn cui (Final Gear Ratio) 3,684
Kiu li hp (Clutch Type) B bin i m men
(Torque Converter)
Dung tch du bi trn (lt) 10,9 (lt)
4
KCH THC (Dimensions)
Di x Rng x Cao (mm)Length x Width x Height)
4.650 x 1.890 x 1.795
Chiu di c s (mm) (Wheel Base)
2.700
Vt - Trc x Sau (mm)(Wheel Tread)
1.615 x 1.620
Kch thc lp
C 235/65 R17
Trng lng khng ti
1894 (kg)
Dung tch bnh nhin liu
75 (lt)
H THNG TREO (Suspension)
Pha trc(Front)
c lp kiu Macpherson
(Macpherson Strut Type)
Pha sau (Rear) Lin kt a im (Multi Link Type)
Gim sc
(Shock
Absorber)
Pha trc(Front)
Dng ng, hai chiu tc dng
(HydraulicDouble Acting Strut Type)
Pha sau (Rear)
Gim xc hot ng kp (Hydraulic
Double Acting Shock Absorber Type)
H THNG PHANH (Brakes)
Loi chung
(General)
H thng h tr lc phanh in t(Dual-Diagonal, Split-
Circuit, Power-Assisted Braking System with EDB)
Phanh trc
(Front)
a thng gi loi 16 inch (16-inch Ventilated)
Phanh sau
(Rear)
Phanh a 320 vi h thng cnh bo mn m phanh
(320 Solid Outer Disc, Floating-Caliper Brakes with Pads
Wear Warning Device)
Phanh sau
(Rear)
H thng phn b lc phanh in t (EDB) c tch hp
trong b ABS vi 4 cm bin, 4 dng cng sut(4-wheel
electronic, 4-sensor, 4-channel Electronic Brake
Distribution, Brake Torque Distribution System (EDB)
5
2.2 Tnh ton xc nh ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c
2.2.1 Xy dng ng phng trnh ng c tnh m men ca ng c
Phng trnh ng c tnh m men ca ng c (cng thc S.R. Ly cman)
3
2
ax
e e
e m
N N
e
a b c
N
n
n n
N N
n n
n
1
_
1
+

1

,
1
]
_

,
N
max
- Cng sut c ch cc i: N
max
= 110 (kw)
n
N
- S vng quay ng vi cng sut N
max
: n
N
=4000 (v/ph)
n
e
tc quay ca trc c cng sut N
e
ng c bn k bung chy trc tip c h s thc nghim:
a=0,5 b=1,5 c=1
N
e
=110
2 3
0.5 1.5 1
4000
4000 4000
e e e
n n
n
1
1
+
1
1
]
_ _

, ,
N
e
=-1.7187510
-9
n
e
3
+10.312510
-6
n
e
2
+13.7510
-3
n
e
f(n
e
)
ng c tnh m men ca ng c l gi tr hm s N
e
=f(n
e
) vi n
e
[500;4000]
2.2.2 Xy dng phng trnh ng c tnh cng sut ca ng c
Xy dng phng trnh c tnh mmen ca ng c da vo cng thc:
( )
4
10
.
1.047
e
e
e
N
M N m
n

Vi: N
e
=-1.7187510
-9
n
e
3
+10.312510
-6
n
e
2
+13.7510
-3
n
e
=>
1
1.047
e M

(-1.7187510
-5
n
e
2
+10.312510
-2
n
e
+137.5) f

(n
e
)
2.2.3 Xy dng phng trnh ng tiu hao nhin liu trong mt gi
Mc tiu hao nhin liu theo thi gian c xc nh theo cng thc:

n
T
Q
t
G

(kg/h)
Trong :
Q :Lng tiu hao nhin liu (lt)

n
: T trng nhin liu (kg/l)
t : Thi gian lm vic ca ng c (h)
6
Xut tiu hao nhin liu c ch g
e
:
n T
e
e e
t
Q
G
g
N N



kg
kw h
_

,
y: N
e
cng sut c ch ca ng c (kw)
Q=7 (lt/100km); t=
Theo ch tiu cht lng ca nhin liu izen(TCVN 5689:2005) ta ly:

n
=840(kg/m
3
)=0.84 (kg/l)

Ch tiu cht lng ca nhin liu izen(TCVN 5689:2005)
TT Tn ch tiu Mc Phng php th
1 Hm lng lu hunh, mg/kg,
max.
500 2500
TCVN 6701:2002 (ASTM D
2622)/ ASTM D 5453
2 Ch s xtan, min. 46 ASTM D4737
3 Nhit ct,
o
C, 90% th tch,
max.
360 TCVN 2698:2002/ (ASTM D
86)
4 im chp chy cc kn,
o
C, min. 55 TCVN 6608:2000 (ASTM D
3828)/ ASTM D 93
5 nht ng hc 40
o
C, mm
2
/ s 2 - 4,5 TCVN 3171:2003 (ASTM D
445)
6 Cn cc bon ca 10% cn chng
ct, %khi lng, max.
0,3 TCVN 6324:1997 (ASTM D
189)/ ASTM D 4530
7 im ng c,
o
C, max. + 6 TCVN 3753:1995/ ASTM D
97
8 Hm lng tro, %khi lng,
max.
0,01 TCVN 2690:1995/ ASTM D
482
9 Hm lng nc, mg/kg, max. 200 ASTM E203
10 Tp cht dng ht, mg/l, max. 10 ASTM D2276
11 n mn mnh ng 50
o
C, 3 gi,
max.
Loi 1 TCVN 2694: 2000/ (ASTM
D 130-88)
12 Khi lng ring 15
o
C, kg/m
3
820 - 860 TCVN 6594: 2000 (ASTM D
1298)/ ASTM 4052
13 bi trn, m, max. 460 ASTM D6079
14 Ngoi quan Sch, trong ASTM D4176
2.3 V th c tnh tc ngoi ca ng c
7
Dng phn mm Matlab m phng vi Code lp trnh nh sau:
1 x=0:1:4000;
2 a=0.5;
3 b=1.5;
4 c=1;
5 y1=110*((a/4000)*x+(b/4000^2)*x.^2-(c/4000^3)*x.^3);
6 y2=(10^4*110/1.047)*(a/4000+b*x/4000^2-c*x.^2/4000^3);
7 plot(x,y1,x,y2)
8 title('Do thi dac tinh ngoai cua dong co')
9 xlabel('Toc do quay truc khuyu ne')
10 ylabel('Me Ne')
Ta c th c tnh tc ngoi ca ng c:
8

9