MC LC

Nhn xt ca gio vin. . LI NI U Li ni u Ni dung ti Bo co tin tin thc hin cng vic tng tun Chng I : MCH QUANG BO S DNG EPROM V CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH

1.1 Gii thiu v mch quang bo s dng EPROM 1.1.1 S khi 1.1.2 Chc nng ca tng khi

1.2 Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong mch

1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3
EPROM (AT28C64 ) IC 74LS90 IC 74LS245

1.2.4 IC NE555 1.2.5 IC n p 7805, 7812 1.2.6

in tr , Led, t in.

Chng II: THIT K V THI CNG MCH

2.1 Khi mch np EPROM 2.2 Khi mach tao xung vung 2.3 Khi mch m 2.4 Khi hin th 2.5 Bang led
Chng III: NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH V CHNG TRNH IU KHIN N LED

3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch 3.2 Vit chng trnh iu khin n Led
HNG M RNG CA TI KT LUN TI LIU THAM KHO

LI NI U

Ngy nay,cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh in t ,rt nhiu nhng ng dng ca ngnh in t gip ch cho con ngi rt nhiu trong i sng sinh hot cng nh trong cng vic trong khng th khng k n cc bng n dng mch quang bo. Trc y khi m cc mch quang bo cha c s dng ph bin th cc ca hiu ,bng thng bo ...u c vit ln nhng vt liu th s ,nh dng sn vit ch ln cc tm tn,hay vit ln tng vi nhng khu hiu trng nhng dp trng i..Nhng k t khi c mch quang bo ra i n thay th cho nhng phng php th cng lm gim c chi ph v thi gian cho con ngi m vn thu c hiu qu nh mong mun. Mch quang bo c a vo s dng kh ph bin trong i sng v rt phong ph v th loi , kch thc rt nhiu lnh vc trong cuc sng :lm vt trang tr ,qung co ,gii thiu sn phm, thng bo tin tc Vi rt nhiu ng dng ,v lng ham mun c tm hiu nhng cng ngh mi rng ,m nhm chng em quyt nh thc hin ti : Thit k v ch to mch quang bo dng EPROM

Ni dung ti Cc d liu cho trc: Ngun cung cp 220V/50Hz. Datasheet h AT28C64(EFROM), ti liu tham kho M hnh (bao gm board np chng trnh, board iu khin hin th trn LED n dng ch: KHOA Chng trnh hin th t chn nhng phi m bo > Cc ti liu, phng tin h tr lin quan.

v lp trnh PAL, GAL.

-

hin th ch bng LED n siu sng ) v yu cu ca ti.

-

IN IN T 5 ln chy khc nhau.

-

Ni dung cng vic cn hon thnh.: Bn bo co v tin thc hin cc cng vic theo tng tun, tng thng.

Thuyt minh ti (Phn tch yu cu, trnh by cc bc tnh ton, c s l thuyt, qu trnh thit k v thi cng mch, hng pht trin v phm vi ng dng ca ti).

Cc bn v thit k cho tng khi, cho ton b modul, y v chnh xc.

 Sn phm phi hot ng tt, m bo tnh k thut, m thut, p ng ng cc yu cu ca gio vin hng dn.

Np thuyt minh v hon thnh sn phm ng thi gian quy nh.

Bo co tin tin thc hin cng vic trong tng tun Ngy giao ti 01/2010. stt 1 2 3 Tun 2 + 3 Tun 3 + 4 Tun Tun 1 Cng vic lm trong tun - Nhn ti - Tm hiu , nghin cu v ti v cc ti liu lin quan - Nhn ch dn ca thy hng dn cung cc thy c va anh ch kha trc v n - Khi qut tng th s , nguyn l lm vic ca mch in - Tnh ton thng s cc phn t mch in - D kin cc linh kin dng trong mch in - Bo co v xin kin ca GVHD v cng vic 4 Tun 5+6 v nhng ch dn thm - Mua linh kin ,lp rp v test th trn bo mch - Chnh sa mch in nu c sai st : 07/12/2009. Ngy kt thc : T

-Ve mach trn Eagle , thc hin lam mach in - Lp rp , hn linh kin thnh sn phm hon chnh - Kim tra mch in,cho chy th v hiu chnh nu c sai st - Bo co v xin kin ca GVHD v tin trnh 5 Tun 7 lm vic v nhng ch dn thm - Trinh bay an trn ly thuyt - Xin kin gio vin hng dn v tin trnh lm 6 Tun 8 vic v nhng ch dn thm - Hoan thin san phm , bo co cng vic thc hin vi GVHD - Xin kin ca GVHD v sn phm v nhng ch dn thm Chng I : MCH QUANG BO S DNG EPROM V CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH 1.1 Gii thiu v mch quang bo s dng EEPROM Mch quang bo c s dng rt rng ri trong lnh vc qung co.Ta c nhiu cch lm mt mch quang bo nh c th dng vi x l, dng EPROM.... chng em nhn thy lm mch quang bo s dng EEPROM (AT28C64) l thch hp nht i vi chng em v: u im: Ph hp vi kh nng v mc kin thc ca nhm ,mch in n gin ,d thc hin , kch thc mch nh , gi thnh phi chng , cch np chng trnh on gin thao tc d dng ,np sai c

th np li, khi mun thay i chng trnh c ta c th xa chng trnh v np vo chng trnh mi . Hn ch: Thi gian np chng trnh cho IC tng i lu,cn c ngun in n nh. 1.1.1 S khi

Khi mach tao xung

Khi ngun

Khi mach m

Khi mach hin thi

Khi mach nap

Bang en Led

1.1.2 Chc nng ca tng khi a. Khi ngun : cung cp ngun (+5v,+12v) cho ton b mch in hot ng n nh , p ng cho mch chy ng theo yu cu k thut t ra .

b. Khi mach tao xung vung: Tao tin hiu xung vung cho b m hoat ng , ta co th iu chinh mach m nhanh hay chm da vao tc m cua mach xung c. Khi mach m : dung tao ma ia chi cho mach hin thi EPROM , khi o EPROM se xut d liu a c nap ,tc ca chy ca mch hin th ph thuc vo tc ca mch m tc l ph thuc vo tc xung . d. Khi mch np : Dng np chng trnh cho EPROM bng cach tao ma d liu va ma ia chi. e. Khi mach hin th : co chc nng EPROM xut d liu c nap ra bn ngoai va c hin thi qua bang en Led. f. Bang en Led : co chc nng hin thi chng trinh a nap cua EPROM

1.2 Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong mch 1.2.1 EPROM (AT28C64 ) a) Tng quan v b nh bn dn: * RAM (Random Access Memory) :

C c im : -L b nh c ghi (R/W memory) -B nh kh bin -Lu tr thng tin tm thi,thng tin s b mt khi mt ngun cung cp.

C hai loi chnh l SRAM (Static RAM) v DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Cu to chung ca b nh Rom:

B nh ch c (Read-Only Memory - ROM) l mt loi thit b lu tr dng trong my tnh v cc thit b khc. N c tn nh vy v khng d ghi thng tin ln n. Khng ging nh RAM, thng tin trn ROM vn c duy tr d ngun in cp khng cn.ROM, theo ng ngha, ch cho php c d liu t chng tuy nhin tt c cc loi M u cho php ghi d liu t nht mt ln, hoc khi sn xut ln u hoc trong bc lp trnh. Mt s loi ROM cho php xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln. Cc loi ROM :

PROM : c ch to bng cc mi ni (cu ch - c th lm t bng mch in). N thuc dng WORM (Write-Once-Read-Many). Chng trnh nm trong PROM c th lp trnh c bng nhng thit b c bit. Loi ROM ny ch c th lp trnh c mt ln.

EPROM : c ch to bng nguyn tc phn cc tnh in. Loi ROM ny c th b xa bng tia cc tm v ghi li thng qua thit b ghi EPROM.

EAROM : Loi ROM ny c th thay i tng bit mt ln. Tuy nhin qu trnh vit kh chm v s dng in th khng chun. Vic vit li EAROM khng c thc hin thng xuyn.

EEPROM : c ch to bng cng ngh bn dn. Ni dung ca ROM ny c th vit vo v xa (bng in), c th thao tc xa v ghi d liu cho tng byte. Mt s Eprom thng dng : S hiu ca chip 2716 2732 Dung lng 2Kx8=2.210x8 bit 4Kx8

2764

8Kx8

27128

16Kx8

27256

32Kx8

27512

64Kx8

b .IC AT28C64

- IC AT28C64 l mt loi b nh ROM , n thuc loi EEPROM c c im chnh nh sau : - Dung lng nh: 64K (8Kx8) - Thi gian c nhanh: 120ns - Thi gian ghi 1 Byte nhanh: 200ms - Thi gian ghi 1 Byte bao gm: Cht a ch v d liu -T ng xa trc khi ghi - C th dng vi x l iu khin trc tip - Cng sut thp: -30mA dng tch cc - tin cy cao: -Chu k np: 104 n 105 ln -Thi gian lu tr d liu 10 nm - Ngun nui 5V10% - CMOS v TTL tng thch vo v ra. * Cu trc v s chn ca IC AT28C64

Cu trc *Chc nng ca cc chn ca AT28C64 A0- A12 : Cc chn to m a ch D0- D7 : cc chn d liu CE\ : chn chn chp ( cho php chp hot ng)

S chn

OE\ : chn cho php xut d liu WE| : chn cho php ghi d liu VCC: chn cp ngun GND: chn ni t *. iu khin cc ch hot ng ca AT28C64 Ch ghi: - Trnh t iu khin ghi mt Byte d liu nh sau: iu khin WE \ Cho CE\ mc thp Cho OE\ mc cao Thit lp a ch t WE \ mc thp a d liu vo Dng ghi t WE \ mc 1 (5V) (Sau khi a d liu vo 200 ms) - Gin thi gian iu khin ghi d liu

- Thng s thi gian ghi

 iu khin CE \
Cho CE\ mc cao OE\ mc cao Thit lp a ch t WE \ mc thp Cho CE\ sung mc thp a d liu vo Dng ghi t CE \ mc 1 (5V) (Sau khi a d liu 200ms) Thit lp WE \ mc 1 - Gin thi gian iu khin ghi d liu

 Ch c:
- Trnh t iu khin c mt Byte d liu nh sau: Thit lp a ch Cho CE\ mc thp Cho OE\ mc thp Cho WE\ mc cao ta ch cn cp m a ch th d liu tng ng s c c ra Dng c d liu t CE \ v OE \ mc cao

- D liu sn sng ra ( Sau khi OE\ mc thp t 10 - 100 ns),

- Gin thi gian iu khin c d liu

- Thng s thi gian c

 Ch xa: - Cc bc xa d liu ca EEPROM c thc hin nh sau: 1. Thit lp CE \ mc thp. 2. Thit lp OE \ mc cao (12V 0.5V). 3. Thit lp WE mc thp. - Gin thi gian iu khin xa d liu

Ch : tS = tH = 1 t
W

= 10ms

VH = 12.0V 0.5V 1.2.2 IC 74LS90

- IC 74ls90 l IC m m BCD 4 bit nh phn c th reset li c, n thng c dng to cc b m .

a. S chn ca IC 74LS90 :

b. Chc nng cc chn ca IC: -CKA (14): nhn ngun xung t ngoi -VCC (5) : Ni dng ngun -GND (10) :ni m ngun - QA (12), QB (9), QC (8), QD (11): cc u ra ca b m -Chn 6,7 ni t -Chn 2,3 lm nhim v reset b m u ra ca b m theo bng trng tri sau

 XD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tr ang Thai dau r a cua I C QD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Qc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 QB 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 QA 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

c. Thng s k thut ca IC 74ls90 Thng s Vcc (V) Vih (V) Vil (V) Voh (V) Vol (V) F clk (MHz) ngha Ngun cung cp in p vo mc cao in p vo mc thp in p ra mc cao in p ra mc thp Tn s xung nhip 2.7 - 3.4 Min 4,75 2 nh mc 5 5 0 5 0 0.5 Qa=20 - 32 Max 5,25 5,25 0.4

Bng thng s vn hnh:

Bng thng s in:

1.2.3

IC 74LS245

a. c im IC 74LS245 c tc dng n inh dong va ap cung cp cho gian Led hin th.Khi s dng IC ny ta cn ch y mt s c im sau: - Cac thng s ky thut: + in ap cung cp Vcc = 4,75 5.55 V + Nhit lam vic t : 0 70 - Chn s 19 (G\ _Enable) : y l chn cho php IC hot ng , IC ch hot ng khi chn ny c ni ti m ngun. - Chn s 1( DIR) : chn ny chn ch hot ng ca IC , nu chn ny ni xung m ngun th tn hiu u vo s c a ti cc chn B (t chn 11 n chn 18) ,tn hiu ra s a ra cc chn A ( t chn s 2 n chn s 9). b.Hinh dang va cu tao

: Ta c th m t cch lm vic ca IC thng qua bng sau: u vao u ra

L L H

DIR L H X

i t B n A I t A n B C lp

1.2.4 IC NE555 a. Cc thng s k thut: + in p u vo : 4,5 - 16 VDC + Dng in cung cp : 6mA - 15mA + Cng sut ln nht l : 0.6 W b. Chc nng ca tng chn ca IC NE555

+ Chn 1(GND): ni mas ly dng cp cho IC + Chn s 2(TRIGGER): y l chn u vo so snh in p v c dng nh 1 chn cht hay ng vo ca 1 tng so snh p.

+ Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Dng ly tn hiu ra logic. Trng thi ca tn hiu ra c xc nh theo mc 0 v 1 + Chn s 4(RESET): Dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni t th ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2 v 6. + Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): Dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni GND. Chn ny c th khng ni cng c, nhng gim tr nhiu ngi ta thng ni chn s 5 xung GND thng qua t in t 0.01uF n 0.1uF cc t ny lc nhiu v gi cho in p chun c n nh . + Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l mt trong nhng chn u vo so snh in p khc v cng c dng nh 1 chn cht. + Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem chn ny nh 1 kha in t v chu iu khin bi tng logic ca chn 3 .Khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC NE555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng . + Chn s 8 (Vcc): l chn cung cp ngun cho IC hot ng, in p hot ng t 4.5V -->16V DC ti a ln ti 18 V. c. Cu to bn trong :

V bn cht th NE555 l mt b mch kt hp gia hai con Op-amp, 3 in tr , 1 con transistor ,1 RS-FF -

2 Op-amp c tc dng so snh in p Transistor x in 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p Vcc thnh 3 phn, cu to ny to nn in p chun .in p 1/3 Vcc ni vo chn (+) ca Op-pam 1; 2/3 Vcc ni vo chn (-) ca Op-amp 2 .Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1\3 Vcc th RS-FF c chn S=1 v FF c kch ,khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 Vcc chn R=1 v FF c reset

1.2.5 IC n p 7805, 7812 a. Gii thiu v IC n p - Linh kin n p l thnh phn khng th thiu trong cc mch n p, mch ngun trong k thut in t. + H 78xx l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh +5V,+ 8V... + H 79xx l h n nh in p u ra l m. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh : -05V,-08V...

Trong cc b ngun th 78 v 79 c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch ngun to in p u ra mong mun c bit nhng thit b ny cn in p u vo c nh khng thay i ln xung. b.IC 78xx + 78xx gm c 3 chn :

1 : Vin - Chn ngun u vo 1 : GND - Chn ni t 2 : Vout - chn u ra p n nh.

* Nhng dng seri ca 78XX LA7805 IC n p 5V LA7808 IC n p 8V

LA7809 IC n p 9V LA7812 IC n p 12V y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A. Ngoi ra cn cc seri khc 78xx +5V --> +24V. Dng 1A 78Lxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.1A 78Mxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.5A 78Sxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.2A

c.Cu to bn trong ca 78xx :

Cu to bn trong ca 78xx gm c 1 in tr kt hp vi Diode Zener dng ghim mc in p,1 transistor khuch i dng , H IC78xx.. ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch th Uin > Uout t 3 n 5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng. +IC 78xx c bo v chp ti, nn nu ta l lm chp th cha hn 7805 hng

 Thng s k thut ca IC 7805 -Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A. -Dng nh 2.2A. -Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W. -Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy. +Thc t ta nn ch dng cng sut tiu tn =1/2 gi tr trn. Cc gi tr cng khng nn dng gn gi tr max ca cc thng s trn. Tt nht nn dng <=2/3 max. Hn na cc thng s trn p dng cho iu kin chun nhit 25 C. +Ta nn hn ch p li vo 7805 gim cng sut tiu tn trn tn nhit +Thc t p li ra c th t gi tr no trong khong 4.8--5.2 V. + tri nhit ca 7805 xp x: 1mv/1 C. N c h s tri nhit m, nn nhit tng, in p ra s gim. V d: nu 25 C, in p li ra l 4.98V, th rt c th ti 65 , ta o c th li ra c: 4.94 C. 1.2.6 in tr , Led, T in

a.in tr in tr l i lng vt l c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in ca mt vt th dn in. N c nh ngha l t s ca hiu in th gia hai u vt th vi cng dng in i qua n:

Trong mch in, in tr l mt linh kin in t th ng . c nhiu tc dng nh dng khng ch dng in, gy st p mong mun.

Nhn Dng Gi Tr in Tr, i vi h 4 Vch m mu

H Thng Vch Mu gi tr ca in tr Xanh en (Black ) (Brow n) ) Cam e) Vng ) L (Red (Orang (Yellow Cy n) Xanh Dn (Tm g ) Xm Trng (White ) y) (Violet (Gre

(Gree (Blue )

Cch Tnh Gi Tr in Tr Vch mu th nht cho bit gi tr th nht ca in Tr Vch mu th hai cho bit gi tr th hai ca in Tr Vch mu th ba cho bit cp s nhn ca ly tha mi Vch mu cui cho bit s thay i gi tr ca in tr theo nhit

i vi in tr 5 vch mu th 3 vach u tin la gi tr h s, vch tip theo la cp s nhn ca ly tha mi, vach cui cng l sai s.

Bin tr: l loi in tr thun c th bin i c gi tr theo mun. Chng c th c s dng trong cc mch in iu chnh hot ng ca mch in. in tr ca thit b c th c thay i bng cch thay i chiu di ca dy dn in trong thit b, hoc bng cc tc ng khc nh nhit thay i, nh sng hoc bc x in t ... K hiu ca bin tr trong s mch in c th cc dng nh sau:

Hnh dng:

b.Led *Cu to:

LED (vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c ngha l it pht quang) l cc it c kh nng pht ra nh sng hay tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Cng ging nh it, LED c cu to t mt khi bn dn loi p ghp vi mt khi bn dn loi n. Thng s k thut ca Led Mu sc Chng loi Dng Id (mA) 30 20 20 2 10 DngId max (mA) 50 30 30 30 30 in p Ud (V) 1.4 1.7 1.85 1.7 2.0

Hng ngoi Tiu chun Siu sng Dng thp Da cam

Xanh l cy Vng Xanh lam Trng

2 20 20 25

20 20 30 35

2.1 2.1 4.5 4.4

Hot ng Hot ng ca LED ging vi nhiu loi it bn dn. Khi bn dn loi p cha nhiu l trng t do mang in tch dng nn khi ghp vi khi bn dn n (cha cc in t t do) th cc l trng ny c xu hng chuyn ng khuch tn sang khi n. Cng lc khi p li nhn thm cc in t (in tch m) t khi n chuyn sang. Kt qu l khi p tch in m (thiu ht l trng v d tha in t) trong khi khi n tch in dng (thiu ht in t v d tha l trng). bin gii hai bn mt tip gip, mt s in t b l trng thu ht v khi chng tin li gn nhau, chng c xu hng kt hp vi nhau to thnh cc nguyn t trung ha. Qu trnh ny c th gii phng nng lng di dng nh sng (hay ccbc x in t c bc sng gn ).

Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau (tc mu sc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (v mu sc ca LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trc nng lng ca cc nguyn t cht bn dn.

Tnh cht LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trong khong 1,5 n 3 V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khng cao. Do , LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra. ng dng

n chiu sng s dng cc LED pht nh sng trng. LED c dng lm b phn hin th trong cc thit b in, in t, n qung co, trang tr, n giao thng. C nghin cu v cc loi LED c sng tng ng vi bng n bng kh neon. n chiu sng bng LED c cho l c cc u im nh gn nh, bn, tit kim nng lng. Cc LED pht ra tia hng ngoi c dng trong cc thit b iu khin t xa cho in t dn dng. c.T in T in l mt linh kin in t th ng to bi hai b mt dn in c ngn cch bi mi trng in mihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_m%C3%B4i&action=edit&redlink=1. Khi c chnh

lch in th ti hai b mt, ti cc b mt s xut hin in tch cng cng , nhng tri du. S tch t ca in tch trn hai b mt to ra kh nng tch tr nng lng in trng ca t in. Khi chnh lch in th trn hai b mt l in th xoay chiu, s tch lu in tch b chm pha so vi in p, to nn tr khng ca t in trong mch in xoay chiu. V mt lu tr nng lng, t in c phn ging vi c quy. Mc d cch hot ng ca chng th hon ton khc nhau, nhng chng u cng lu tr nng lng in. c qui c 2 cc, bn trong xy ra phn ng ha hc to ra electron cc ny v chuyn electron sang cc cn li. T in th n gin hn, n khng th to ra electron - n ch lu tr chng. T in c kh nng np v x rt nhanh. y l mt u th ca n so vi c qui. Phn loi

T in mt chiu, hay t phn cc (Electrolytic Capacitor): Khi u ni phi ng cc m - dng. Thng trn t quy c cc m bng cch sn mt vch mu sng dc theo thn t, hoc khi t cha ct th chn di hn l cc dng.

T in xoay chiu: hay t khng phn cc

T in c biu tng v k hiu mch in o--| |--o C Tnh Cht Vt L Tch in Khi mc ni T in vi in . Mt b mt s tch in dng v mt b mt s tch in m cho n khi trn mi b mt c tng s in bng V . Hai b mt tr thnh in Tch tri du Q+ v Q- . Ti mi b mt l mt in Tch Q c mt in Th V . y l qu trnh Tch in ca t in Lu in Ti thi im ny, khng c khc bit v in th gia t in v ngun in, cho nn khng c dng in trong mch in . Gia hai b mt ca T in c mt in Trng E c hng Q+ Q- . Trn mi b mt c mt in th V . y l qu trnh Lu in ca t in di dng in trng E.

Nh in Nu mc T in xung t, s c Dng in t T in i xung t v in th trn b mt T in gim dn t V xung 0 . y l qu trnh Nh in ca t in in Dung in Dung l kh nng tch in ca T in ca mt in th oc tnh bng t l in Tch trn in th

in Dung c K Hiu mch in C o bng n v Coulomb C Dn in ca vt liu = in Dung ca T in to t hai b mt dn in c kch thc Din Tch B Mt, A , Khong Cch, l , v Dn in khi mc ni vi in c in th V v dng in I s c

C= Chng II: THIT K VA THI CNG MACH 2.1 Khi mch np:

a.S nguyn l:

b. M t mch in: Mch np EEPROM bng tay s dng cc cng tc (switch) iu khin: Cc trng thi iu khin l cc mc logic 0 v 1 tng ng cc trng thi chuyn mch ni GND v ni ngun +5V ca cng tc.

Cc cng tc CE\, WE\, OE\ dng iu khin cc chn OE \, WE\, CE\ ca EEPOM. Cc cng tc t A1 n A13 dng iu khin thit lp a ch cho EEPOM. Cc cng tc t D0 n D7 dng iu khin thit lp d liu cho EEPOM. Cc n LED hin th trng thi ca cc cng tc: cng tc ng vi ngun +5V (mc 1) th n sng, ngc li n tt. Khi lp EEPROM vo np 28 chn trong mch np, ta dng cc cng tc ba cc np mc in p vo cho IC . cc cng tc ba cc c nhim v a m a ch vo cc chn A0 A12 v m d liu vo cc chn t D0 D7 bng cc mc in p 0 v 1.sau khi np song, ta ly IC ra v lp sang mch hin th

2.2 Khi mch to xung vung a. S nguyn l

b.Chc nng ca mch : To ra xung vung cp cho b m hot ng, ta c th iu ch c rng xung v tc xung lm thay i tc m ca mch m. Cc u ra ca mch xung c a ti Jam cm JP1 ca mch ny . c.Tinh toan rng xung ca mch to xung :

Da vo s : Khi thay i cc in tr R1, R2 v gi tr t C1 ta s thu c dao ng c tn s v rng xung theo mun theo cng thc. 1.4 T = 0,7 . C1.(R1 + 2R2) v f = (R1 + 2R2) .C1

T: Thi gian ca mt chu k ton phn tnh bng giy (s) F: Tn s dao ng tnh bng Hz R1,R2: in tr tnh bng m () C1 = T in tnh bng Fara ( F ) T = Tm + Ts Tm = 0,7.C1.( R1 + R2 ) x ca t in C1) Ts = 0,7.R2.C1 np ca t in) T cc cng thc trn ta c th to ra mt dao ng xung vung c rng Tm v Ts bt k. Ts : thi gian in mc thp (thi gian T : chu k ton phn Tm : thi gian in mc cao ( Thi gian

Sau khi to ra xung c Tm v Ts ta c T = Tm + Ts v f = 1/ T

2.3 Khi mch m a. S nguyn l

b.M t mch in: -Mch m nhn tn hiu xung clock t mch to xung thng qua Jam cm JP1 ca mch to xung v c a vo Jam cm JP1 tc u vo ca mch m v thc hin chc nng m .Cc u ra Qa,Qb,Qc,Qd ca 2 IC m c a vo b m. u ra Qd ca Ic m th nht c a ti u vo xung clock ca IC m th 2 lm tn hin u vo ,Mch thc hin chc nng m n 99 theo m BCD u ra ca 2 IC a qua b m nhm bo m cho dng v p c n nh cp m a ch cho mch hin th pha sau c hot ng tt.Cng tc S1 c nhim v rt b m .u ra ca b m c a ti Jam cm JP3 (JUMP_SU11) lm nhim v cp m a ch cho mch hin th EEPROM

2.4 Khi mch hin th a. S nguyn l

b.M t mch in:

- Sau khi IC c np song ,ta em cm vo mch hin th .Mch hin th nhn m a ch t mch m thng qua Jam cm , Ta thit k mch in sao cho EEPROM trng thi hin th th cc chn iu khin phi c thit lp nh sau: WE\ ni dng ngun, OE\ v CE \ ni GND. Hai IC m 74LS90 dng to ra m a ch s dng cho EEPROM. Trong mch s dng 8 u ra ca c hai IC m nh a ch, nh vy c th to ra c ti a 28 = 256 a ch nu thm b m c th to 13 m a ch cho EEPROM. y ta cho m 99 m a ch Cc u ra ca EEPROM c a ti cc cng m n nh dng v p tip n c u ra ca 2 IC m ny c a ti Jm SV2 a ti phn cng sut l bng n Led hin th 2.5 Bng n Led - Bng n Led s dng cc bng n led siu sng kt ni vi nhau theo nguyn l u song cc bng trn cng 1 ch ( vd : K,H) v cc ch ny thc hin u katot chung cn ant th ni ra Jam cm kt ni vi phn mch hin th.

Chng III: NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH V CHNG TRNH IU KHIN N LED 3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch 3.1.1 Np IC

- Khi IC c lp vo mch np th ta cung cp m a ch v m d liu theo ng nguyn tc , sau khi np song ta em cm sang phn mch hin th 3.1.2 Hin th - khi IC c np v cm sang mch hin th khi cc mch c kt ni nhu ng trnh t nu phn : THIT K V THI CNG MCH trn th mch s chy ng nh chng trnh va np.

3.2 Vit chng trnh iu khin n Led - EEPROM c np trn board np. - Chng trnh c np theo bng trng thi di y: Cc trng th hin bt 0 Cc in s 1 th hin bt 1 Cc bt 0 v 1 c thit lp bng cng tc. Np chng trnh nh trc: ST T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1

59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

*Hng m rng ca ti : Chng em c th s dng ma trn led thay cho nhng led n . C th s dng vi iu khin np chng trnh cho eprom .

KT LUN Qua thi gian thc hin ti cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy o Vn , chng em hon thnh theo ng tin ra. Qua n mn hc ny ,chng em rt ra nhiu kinh nghim , trang b thm cho mnh nhiu kin thc v chuyn ngnh cng nh kin thc thc t ,t to iu kin cho chng em tip tc hc hi thm nhiu iu b ch t mi trng o to ca khoa cng nh ca nh trng . Mt ln na chng em xin trn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa v thy gio hng dn tn tnh ch bo gip chng em hon thnh ti mt cch tt nht. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n !

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

Trnh Quc Phi Hong Th Phong Ng Th Phong

Ti liu tham kho : 1/ Gio trnh in t cn bn : Khoa in - in T_ HSPKT HY 2/Gio trnh vi x l : : Khoa in - in T _ HSPKT HY 3/ Trang web: http://dientuvietnam.net/ http://www.alldatasheet.com/ http://biendt.110mb.com/