Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ii
MC LC
Nhn xt v cho im ca gio vin chm 2 .......................................................... i
Nhn xt v cho im ca GVHD......................................................................... ii
Nhn xt v xc nhn ca n v thc tp............................................................ iii
Li cm n .......................................................................................................... iv
Mc lc ................................................................................................................ v
Danh sch bng ................................................................................................. viii
Danh sch cc ch vit tt ................................................................................... ix
Chng 1. M U........................................................................................... 1
1.1 t vn ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Mc ch v yu cu.................................................................................... 2
Chng 2. TNG QUAN TI LIU................................................................. 3
2.1 Tng quan v X Nghip Ch Bin Thc Phm Nam Phong....................... 3
2.1.1 a im xy dng .............................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin .......................................................... 3
2.1.3 S v c cu t chc....................................................................... 4
2.1.4 Cc loi sn phm sn xut.................................................................. 6
2.1.5 H thng phn phi ............................................................................. 7
2.2 Tng quan v xc xch ............................................................................... 7
2.2.1 Ngun gc hnh thnh v s pht trin ................................................ 7
2.2.2 Phn loi xc xch ............................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Mt s dng h hng thng xy ra vi sn phm xc xch .............. 10
2.2.3.1 H hng do vi sinh vt ............................................................... 10
2.2.3.2 H hng do k thut................................................................... 12
2.2.4 Gia v c s dng trong qu trnh ch bin xc xch ...................... 13
2.2.5 Ph gia c s dng trong qu trnh ch bin xc xch .................... 14
2.2.6 Nguyn liu s dng trong sn xut xc xch heo .............................. 16
2.2.7 Cc yu t nh hng n kt cu nh tng tht .............................. 19
2.2.7.1 Qu trnh ct v xay ................................................................... 19
iii
2.2.7.2 pH ........................................................................................ 19
2.2.7.3 Nhit ..................................................................................... 20
2.2.7.4 Nng cc ion ......................................................................... 20
2.2.7.5 S xng khi.............................................................................. 20
2.2.7.6 S nu ........................................................................................ 21
2.2.7.7 S lm ngui.............................................................................. 22
Chng 3. NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ...................... 23
3.1 Thi gian v a im nghin cu............................................................. 23
3.2 Ni dung thc hin ................................................................................... 23
3.3 Phng php tin hnh ............................................................................. 23
3.3.1 Kho st hin trng quy trnh sn xut xc xch heo xng khi.......... 23
3.3.2 Kho st hin trng cng tc qun l v sinh an ton thc phm v v
sinh sn xut ti x nghip .......................................................................... 23
3.3.3 Xc nh mc hao ht bn thnh phm, thnh phm xc xch mt s
cng on sn xut..................................................................................... 23
Chng 4. KT QU V THO LUN ........................................................ 26
4.1 Kho st quy trnh ch bin sn xut xc xch heo xng khi ................... 26
4.1.1 Tip nhn nguyn liu ....................................................................... 27
4.1.2 Cp ng m v nguyn liu tht ....................................................... 27
4.1.3 Xay th ............................................................................................. 28
4.1.4 Cng on to nh tng xc xch .................................................... 29
4.1.5 nh hnh .......................................................................................... 30
4.1.6 Xng khi thanh trng....................................................................... 31
4.1.7 Lm lnh ........................................................................................... 32
4.1.8 ng gi ........................................................................................... 32
4.1.9 Thnh phm v bo qun................................................................... 32
4.1.10 Tiu chun kim tra cht lng sn phm........................................ 32
4.2 Kho st hin trng cng tc qun l v sinh an ton thc phm v v sinh
sn xut x nghip ........................................................................................... 33
iv
vi
: Bn thnh phm
CV
KCS
: S lng mu
NLNT
SD
TCVN
TLHHSKN
TLHHSKLL
TLHHTP
TP
: Thnh phm
TSTK
: Tham s thng k
VSV
: Vi sinh vt
: Gi tr trung bnh mu
XNCBTP
Chng 1
M U
1.1 T VN
Cuc sng x hi ngy cng theo hng cng nghip lm cho mt b phn
ngi dn khng c nhiu thi gian nu nng cc mn n nng cho ba cm
truyn thng ca gia nh, h cn nhng thc n ung ch bin sn tin dng
nhanh chng khi cn thit. p ng nhu cu cp thit ny, ngnh cng nghip thc
phm ngy cng pht trin v sn xut rt nhiu sn phm, nht l cc sn phm
thc phm c ch bin t tht, hin nay rt a dng v chng loi v phong
ph v hnh thc. Trong xc xch l mt hng ang c kh nhiu ngi tiu
dng a thch do tnh nng thun tin trong qu trnh s dng, s ngon ming cng
nh cung cp c mt s cht lng dinh dng cn thit cho c th con ngi.
Xc xch c th c sn xut mt cch th cng theo qui m gia nh hoc
theo qui m cng nghip. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi xc xch khc
nhau m theo nguyn liu c th phn loi xc xch nh xc xch g, xc xch b,
xc xch heo hoc phn loi theo phng thc sn xut nh xc xch ti, xc
xch trit trng, xc xch xng khi
Cng nghip sn xut xc xch hin i vi s a dng v kch c, th loi ca
my mc thit b v i km vi mt chun mc ca cng ngh v ngh thut phi
trn nguyn vt liu t c sn phm ngy cng c cht lng cao v hiu qu
trong sn xut.
Vit Nam, ngnh sn xut xc xch c du nhp v pht trin mnh t nm
1998 cho n nay v c tham gia bi rt nhiu c s gia nh nh, cng nh cc
doanh nghip ln ca t nhn, cc tp on ln u t ca nc ngoi v cc x
nghip sn xut ca nh nc trong c X Nghip Ch Bin Thc Phm Nam
Phong.
Chng 2
Xng
git m
Xng
ch
bin
T giao
nhn
T
nghip
v
T
KCS
Gim c
- Chu trch nhim chnh trong x nghip, trc tip ph trch t nghip v, t
KCS v xng git m.
- iu hnh mi hot ng ca x nghip.
- Hoch nh cc chin lc pht trin ca x nghip.
- Bo co, chu trch nhim v tnh hnh hot ng ca x nghip vi cng ty.
T KCS
- Kim sot xy dng quy ch v v sinh an ton thc phm, cht lng cho sn
phm ca cng ty.
- Kim tra cht lng u vo v u ra ca x nghip.
Gi li
Ch la
Xc xch phomai
Xc xch heo
Ch gi r
Lp xng tm
hc,..
Hin ti cng ty c 4 ca hng mang thng hiu Sagrifood v c sn mu
cam c trng cc qun 2, 5, 10 v Bnh Thnh.
2.2 TNG QUAN V XC XCH
2.2.1 Ngun gc hnh thnh v s pht trin
Xc xch l mt loi thc phm c bit n t rt lu trong cng nghip
sn xut thc phm v chng pht trin nhanh chng. Ngun gc ca ch bin tht
khng cn xa xa na nhng chng hu nh mi bt u khi nhn loi bit c
rng mui c hiu qu trong qu trnh bo qun ngun nguyn liu t tht. V qu
trnh lm xc xch tin trin nh mt c gng tit kim v bo qun tht khi
khng th s dng tht ti sau git m.
T sausage (xc xch) c xut pht t ting Latinh l salsus, c ngha l
s bo qun khng b phn hu hoc ngha en l s p mui nguyn liu tht
ti sng. Chnh ngi Trung Hoa, cch y khong 2.500 nm, tm ra loi xc
xch kh chng ra kh, t chng ra t v gi tn l lp xng. Nhng nm sau
sn phm ny lun c pht trin a dng v hng v v kt cu vi nhng
thay i v thnh phn v qu trnh sn xut. Vi trm nm sau, ngi La M, ngi
Hy Lp mi c bit n xc xch v pht trin rt nhiu loi loi xc xch gn
ging vi xc xch ngy nay ca Chu u.
Thot u xc xch c nhi tit, nhi gan...sau nhi vi tht bm s hoc
ct nh. Sau ny nhi vi nh tng tht (tht nghin mn), c th ln men hoc
Xc xch tit trng: l loi xc xch trong qu trnh ch bin c khu tit
trng. Trong thnh phn c cha nhiu loi gia v, ph gia v c ph liu (nh
protein u nnh)
Bao b c dng l loi bao b t nhn to nh nha PE, PVC
Bo qun nhit thng, thi gian s dng 3 - 6 thng, ch cn bc v
trc khi dng.
Xc xch xng khi: l loi xc xch trong qu trnh ch bin c khu xng
khi, khng s dng ph liu.
Bao b s dng l loi bao b t nhin nh rut heo, collagen
0
10
11
Loi
Ti
Thnh phm
Tht heo, tht b, ti, hng ty hoc
kinh gii , m heo, tiu
Kielbasa
Bratwurst (c)
Xc xch
(Salami)
Sweet v Hot
Italian
Kh, x l
Cervelat hoc
Summer Sausage
(Php)
Andouille (Php)
x l, xng
khi, na kh
Boudin Blanc
(Php)
Braunschweiger
(c)
Boudin Noir
(Php)
Knackwurst (c)
Xng khi
Ti
Xng khi
Nu s b, xng
khi
Nu s b
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
n lin
n lin
n lin, chin
Pepperoni
Nu s b, xng
khi
x l, xng
khi
Sy kh
Chorizo
Mortadella (Php)
Na kh, xng
khi
Hot Dogs
Bockwurst
Bologna
Xng khi nu
Linguica (Php)
Cch thc nu
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
n lin
Thng n lin
Thng n lin
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
n lin
Hi nc, rn,
nng, nhit
0
x l 75 C
n lin
12
13
14
Tiu
Tiu l l loi gia v thng c s dng to v cay cho sn phm, thng
c s dng dng bt mn. Loi bt mn ny c xay t tiu c tch b
v. Bt tiu dng ri, mn, kh v c hng thm t nhin.
Tiu phi c bo qun trong thng kn ni kh ro v thong mt.
2.2.5. Mt s cht ph gia thng c s dng trong sn xut xc xch heo
Mui nitrit v nitrat
Theo phng php truyn thng, mui c s dng bo qun xc xch.
Dn dn, nhng nh sn xut nhn thy rng mui nitrat v nitrit trong hn hp
mui khi s dng l mt trong nhng yu t c bn nh hng n cht lng sn
phm.
- Mui nitrit
u im: to mu nhanh, st trng mnh, ngn cn s sinh trng ca sinh vt
v to hng v chuyn bit cho sn phm.
Nhc im: mu km bn, thng c. Mui nitrit d s gy hin tng
ngt, nhc u v bun nn. Mt khc, nitrit d cng s gy c lu di cho c th
(c th gy ung th gan).
- Mui nitrat
Khi s dng nitrat, n phi c chuyn thnh nitrit nh vo cc vi sinh vt
kh nitrat thnh nitrit hin din trong tht. Ngy xa, ngi ta thng s dng mui
kali nitrat (dim tiu), nhng ngy nay ngi ta s dng mui natri nitrat thay
th ( Martin Marchello, 1998).
Cn nh rng, hm lng nitrit s dng qu nhiu s gy c cho con ngi.
Bi vy, an ton v chnh xc hn hp mui phi c trn theo ng liu lng
quy nh. a s hn hp mui s dng thng mi c iu chnh thng thng
6% natri nitrit v 94% mui n t c mt lng hi ha lng nitrit thm vo
(Martin Marchello, 1998).
15
16
17
M heo
M heo l ngun cung cp cht bo. Bao gm nh m lng, m i, m
nngnhng khng dng m sa trong ch bin xc xch..
M c tc dng lm tng dnh, bo, bng, lm tng gi tr cm quan
cho sn phm, gip tn dng ngun nguyn liu v lm gim gi thnh, tng hiu
qu kinh t.
V bc
V bc xc xch rt a dng, phn ln s dng t rut gia sc, chng hn xc
xch Frankfurter thng dng rut cu hoc rut heo. Mt s xc xch khc dng v
bc collagen lm t da b. Hai loi v bc xc xch k trn c th n c v khi n
cho cm gic dn v dai.
Nhng v bc lm bng bt g cng kh ph bin trn th trng, nhng loi
ny khng n c, chng c loi b khi s dng sn phm. Nhng v bc nhn
to c lm t nhng giy c bit c tm cellulose, nhng v bc sanran lm
t cht do tng hp v v bc hydro cellulose c lm t cellulose ti sinh. Cc
v bc cellulose c lm t cht si, c ha tan t ht bng vi hay bt giy.
Mi loi v bc ny th tin dng, a dng, nhiu kch c v nhiu c tnh khc
nhau. Tuy nhin, nhng v bc ny khng n c, phi loi b ra khi sn phm
xc xch khi s dng.
Theo Martin Mechello (1998), c im ca mt s v bc s dng trong xc
xch l:
- V bc t nhin lun c mt un cong t nhin ca chng.
- Collagen l protein ng vt, thng c chit tch t da b v c sn
xut thnh v bc n c (collagen cng l protein chnh trong v bc t nhin)
- Nhng v bc tng hp cho ra nhng mu a dng, sn phm nu khng v
c sn xut trong nhng v bc cellulose (lm t cotton bng vi) cho php khi
v m thm nhp, sau khi sn phm c nu xong v lm mt, nhng v bc
cellulose c lt b ra khi sn phm v cho ra sn phm khng v.
18
Ph liu
Nc vy
Nc vy c vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh ch bin, gip cho vic
0
19
20
21
mong mun khong 75 C- 97 C. Sn phm phi lm lnh thch hp sau khi nu.
22
Thi gian
1,5 gi
5 gi
63 C 39 C
39 C - 19 C
Thi gian
5 gi
10 gi
63 C 39 C
39 C - 19 C
23
Chng III
24
Trng lng xc xch sau khi nhi: l trng lng c cn sau khi nh
25
TLHHSKLL (%) = (Trng lng xc xch sau khi nu trng lng xc xch
sau khi lm lnh)/ Trng lng xc xch sau khi nu 100
- T l hao ht bn thnh phm so vi nh tng (TLHHBTP/NT) : c tnh
theo cng thc:
TLHHBTP/NT (%) = (Trng lng nh tng trng lng bn thnh phm)/
Trng lng nh tng 100
- T l hao ht thnh phm so vi bn thnh phm (TLHHTP/BTP) : c tnh
theo cng thc:
TLHHTP/BTP (%) = (Trng lng thnh phm Trng lng bn thnh
phm)/ Trng lng thnh phm 100
- T l hao ht thnh phm so vi nguyn liu nh tng (TLHHTP/NLNT) :
c tnh theo cng thc:
TLHHTP/NLNT (%) = (Trng lng nh tng Trng lng thnh phm)/
Trng lng nh tng 100
26
Chng IV
KT QU V THO LUN
Tht
0
Cp ng
Cp ng
Bo qun
Bo qun
Cn
Cn
Xay th
Xay th
Xay nhuyn
t = -30 C
= 30 pht
t = -5 C
= 18-24 gi
3mm
0.2mm
0
tcui 12 C
Nhi nh lng
Gia v, ph gia
Lm lnh
ng gi
Thnh phm
t= 70-75 C
= 180 pht
M t:
Sau khi pha lc, tht, m c chn lc, loi, pha lc tinh s dn u trn
0
trnh xay nhuyn khng c tt, nguyn liu khng t nhuyn th rt kh cho
qu trnh nhi nh hnh sau ny. ng thi, nu khng xay nhuyn nguyn liu, h
nh tng to thnh khng bn th s nh hng n kh nng to gel ca protein
khi b bin tnh, lm cho sn phm cng khng u, lm gim gi tr cm quan ca
sn phm.
Qu trnh bin i.
- Cu trc v trng thi tht b bin i
- Mu sc ca tht b bin i do c cha nhiu myoglobin trong nhn hem c
2+
3+
th mu ca tht tr
Nitrat (NO 3)
NO
Nitrit (NO2 )
VK kh + pH
HNO2
0
T,
tbq
30
31
Yu cu k thut:
Cc cy xc xch sau khi nh hnh phi c trng lng v kch thc u
nhau.
Xc xch c cu trc cht, v bc khng b nhn, v, bn trong khng xut
hin bt kh.
Khong cch gia cc cy xc xch phi m bo to iu kin cho khi bm
vo.
4.1.6. Xng khi thanh trng
M t:
Cng on ny c thc hin ti my xng khi- thanh trng bao gm 3 giai
on: lm ro- xng khi- thanh trng.
Lm ro nhm to m thch hp trn b mt xc xch m bo cc cu
phn khi c thm u.
Xng khi ch yu to mi v c trng cho sn phm. Khi c cung cp
nh vo qu trnh t mn ca trong iu kin thiu khng kh.
Thanh trng nhm n nh kt cu thnh phm v c ch s pht trin ca cc
vi sinh vt, gp phn ko di thi gian s dng sn phm.
Cc thng s x l xc xch bn thnh phm c ci t sn trong my c
trnh by trong bng 4.1
Bng 4. 1 Cc thng s nh mc x l xc xch bn thnh phm
Thng s
Giai on
Nhit
0
m bung
xng khi (%)
Lm ro
70
20
35
Xng khi
60
20 - 40
30
Thanh trng
75
20
100
32
4.1.7. Lm lnh
Kt thc qu trnh xng khi- thanh trng, cc cy xc xch c ra bng
0
33
Ch tiu l ha
Bng 4.2 Ch tiu ha sinh ca sn phm xc xch xng khi
Ch tiu
Yu cu
nh lng NH3
<40mg/100g
nh tnh H2S
m tnh
Hm lng protid
10%
Ch tiu vi sinh
Bng 4.3 Ch tiu vi sinh ca xc xch xng khi
Ch tiu
Yu cu
Ecoli
Khng c
Salmonella
Khng c
Coliform
Khng c
Clostridium botilinum
Khng c
Vi sinh vt a nhit
Khng c
Vi sinh vt k kh H2S
Khng c
34
- Khun bng inox, r nha c v sinh sch s, ngm trong nc nng (500
60 C) ra bng x phng sau lm sch bng nc sch sau khi sn xut xong
mi loi sn phm.
- Sp xp c gn gng, ngn np ng ni quy nh.
4.2.1.5. V sinh c nhn
- Cng nhn c trang b bo h lao ng, eo bao tay khi tip xc vi tht.
- C bn ra tay, nhng ng trc khi vo khu vc sn
- Trc khi vo sn xut cng nhn ra tay theo quy nh, i vi cng nhn
khu bn thnh phm phi xt cn ty trng.
- Cng nhn lm vic nghim tc v thc hin v sinh c nhn ng quy
nh.
Nhn chung, cng nhn thc hin ng theo quy nh, mt s cng an do
nh hng n thao tc nn mt s t cng nhn cn cha eo bao tay.
4.2.2. Tnh hnh x l cht thi
x l cc cht thi rn nh tht m vn, lng cn st, huyt ri vi do cn
trong quy tht, thc n cn tn trong ng rut, mt t phn thi ra trong qu
trnh tn tr v git m v cht thi lng ch yu l lng nc xt ra quy tht
khi git m, v sinh khu vc git m, nc ra chung. X nghip nng cp h
thng x l cht thi vo thng 11/2005 v S Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng cng
nhn nc thi ra t x nghip c tiu chun loi B do Ph Gim c S Ti
Nguyn v Mi Trng k.
3
Nc thi sau x l t tiu chun nc thi cng nghip TCVN 5945: 1995,
thi vo khu vc nc loi B (bng 4.4)
i vi bn sinh ra t qu trnh x l B cha bn Thu gom
Bng 4.4: Tiu chun nc thi loi B
TCVN
STT
Tn ch tiu
n v
Kt qu
5945-2005
(loi B)
pH
3,9
5,5-9
COD
mgO2/lt
230
80
BOD
mgO2/lt
50
50
SS
mg/lt
65
100
Tng N
mg/lt
15
30
Coliform
MPN/100ml
1,1 x 10
mu
5000
493
37
Bng 4.5 Kt qu theo di trng lng v t l hao ht ca cc dy xc xch heo xng khi
t kho st
II
III
Tng cng
Tham s
thng k
Trng lng
sau khi nhi
(g)
Trng lng
sau khi nu
(g)
T l hao ht
sau khi nu
(%)
Trng lng
sau khi lm
lnh (g)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
6
1256,70
22,70
1,81
6
1255,80
14,60
1,16
6
1200,80
20,40
1,69
18
1237,80
32,50
2,60
6
1134,20
43,20
3,81
6
1104,20
15,60
1,40
6
1052,50
10,80
1,02
18
1096,90
43,10
3,90
6
9,76
2,36
0,02
6
12,01
0,92
7,70
6
12,34
1,04
8,40
18
11,39
1,91
16,70
6
1085,00
41,80
3,85
6
1052,50
19,20
1,82
6
999,17
13,57
1,35
18
1040,90
41,40
3,90
T l hao ht
sau khi lm
lnh so vi
sau khi nu
(%)
6
4,33
0,73
0,02
6
4,68
1,13
24,1
6
5,06
1,29
25,50
18
4,69
1,05
22,50
T l hao ht
sau khi lm
lnh so vi
sau khi nhi
(%)
6
13,68
2,22
0,02
6
16,19
0,77
4,76
6
16,77
1,58
9,40
18
15,55
2,07
13,20
38
Chng ti nhn thy trng lng ca dy xc xch (30 cy) sau khi nhi tnh
trung bnh chung 3 t kho st l 1237,80 32,50g, cao nht t I l
1256,70 22,70 g v thp nht t III l 1200,80 20,40g. Nh vy, ngay sau khi
nhi, trng lng xc xch cc dy mi t cng nh gia cc t tuy khng
nhiu nhng c s bin ng nh. iu ny c th mt phn do qu trnh thao
tc ca cng nhn v mt phn do s cha chnh xc ca dng c cn.
Tng t, kt qu trng lng xc xch sau khi nu cng bin ng t l thun
vi trng lng xc xch sau khi nhi, tnh trung bnh chung 3 t kho st l
1096,90 43,10g, cao nht t I l 1134,20 43,20g v thp nht t III l
1052,50 10,80g, do t l hao ht sau khi nu trung bnh chung l
11,39 1,91%, cao nht t III l 12,34 1,04% v thp nht t I l
9,76 2,36%. Nguyn nhn l do s thot hi nc lm chn bn thnh phm trong
qu trnh nu.
ng thi kt qu trng lng xc xch sau khi lm lnh cng bin ng t l
thun vi trng lng xc xch sau khi nu, tnh trung bnh chung 3 t kho st l
1040,90 41,40g, cao nht t I l 1085,00 41,80g v thp nht t III l
999,17 13,57g , do t l hao ht sau khi lm lnh trung bnh chung 3 t kho
st l 4,69 1,05%, cao nht t III l 5,06 1,29% v thp nht t I l
4,33 0,73%. iu ny l do trong thi gian lm lnh, kt cu sn phm tip tc b
co rt lm gim thm trng lng ca xc xch. V t l hao ht sau khi lm lnh so
vi sau khi nhi tnh chung cho 3 t kho st l 15,55 2,07%. Tuy nhin, s hao
ht ny nm trong gii hn quy nh sn xut ca sn phm ny ti x nghip.
4.3.2. Trng lng cy xc xch sau khi nhi
Kt qu kho st c trnh by qua bng 4.6
39
n (cy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
10
40,50
1,58
3,90
II
10
42,50
3,54
8,30
III
10
44,50
2,84
6,30
Tng cng
30
42,50
3,15
7,40
t kho st
Chng ti nhn thy trng lng ca cy xc xch sau khi nhi thc t tnh
chung 3 t kho st l 42,5 3,15g, nng nht t III (44,50 2,48g) v thp
nht t I (40,50 1,58g). Trong khi , thng s ci t trn my l 60g. Nh
vy, s chnh lch ny l nhiu, nguyn nhn c th do chng trnh ci t ca
my b li cho kt qu trng lng cy xc xch thc t ch t 70,83% trng
lng so vi trng lng ci t, iu ny gy kh khn cho ngi mi vn hnh
my. V vy, m bo s chnh xc hn trng vic m bo xc xch heo xng
khi ny ng trng lng qui nh, chng ti ngh xem xt li tnh trng my
c s iu chnh ph hp.
4.3.3. Trng lng cy xc xch v t l hao ht
Kt qu c trnh by qua bng 4.7
40
t kho st
II
III
Tng cng
Tham s
thng k
Trng lng
sau khi lm
lnh
(g)
n (cy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (cy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (cy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (cy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
60
34,83
2,59
7,40
60
36,17
2,11
5,80
60
35,08
1,45
4,30
180
35,36
0,16
0,40
60
34,50
2,19
6,30
60
35,08
0,64
1,80
60
34,83
0,91
2,5
180
34,81
0,11
0,30
T l hao ht
sau khi lm
lnh so vi
sau khi nu
(%)
60
0,83
3,14
60
2,70
5,19
60
0,62
2,74
180
1,38
3,93
-
41
n (cy)
X (mm)
SD (mm)
CV (%)
60
109,25
6,95
0,59
II
60
112,17
5,84
5,2
III
60
109,70
4,75
4,32
Tng cng
180
110,37
6,02
5,45
t kho st
42
lch tiu chun kh cao (SD = 6,02mm) cho thy chiu di cc cy xc xch cng
cha c khng ng u c th do cch vn hnh ci t thng s cho my ca
cng nhn v do s thiu chnh xc ca my nhi.
4.3.5. Trng lng tnh gi xc xch heo xng khi thnh phm
Sn phm xc xch heo xng khi thnh phm ca x nghip c ng gi
theo quy cch l 200g/gi. Chng ti cng kho st mi t 30 gi tm hiu s
bin ng ca ch tiu ny. Kt qu c trnh by qua bng 4.9
Bng 4.9 Trng lng tnh gi xc xch heo xng khi thnh phm
t kho
st
II
III
Tng
cng
Trng
lng (g)
205
210
215
220
225
230
240
210
215
220
225
230
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
19525
S gi
2
5
7
7
7
1
1
4
9
7
5
5
5
5
7
3
3
5
2
6,66
15,66
23,33
23,33
23,33
3,33
3,33
13,33
30
23,33
15,66
15,66
15,66
15,66
23,33
10
19
15,66
13,33
90
100
n (gi)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
30
218,33
7,69
3,52
30
219,67
6,56
2,98
30
212,83
9,62
4,52
90
216,94
8,50
3,91
43
TSKT
Nguyn
Bn thnh
liu
phm
T l hao
ht so vi
nguyn liu
T l hao
T l hao
Thnh
ht so vi
ht so vi
phm
bn thnh
nguyn
phm
liu
n (t)
X (g)
63333
58803
21,02
50009
14,89
21,01
SD (g)
5774
5658
2,18
4557
3,11
2,18
CV (%)
9,11
9,62
10,3
9,11
20,88
10,37
Chng ti nhn thy t l hao ht bn thnh phm so vi nguyn liu sau khi
xay to nh tng l 21,02%. Nguyn nhn chnh l do s co rt thot hi nc ca
nguyn liu v mt phn dnh li my xay, my nhi xc xch v t l hao ht thnh
phm so vi bn thnh phm l 14,89% l do trong qu trnh vn chuyn xc xch b
44
15
17
Din gii
TSTK
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
n (dy)
X (g)
SD (g)
CV (%)
Trng
lng sau
khi nu
6
1134,20
43,20
3,80
6
1104,2
15,60
1,41
6
1052,50
10,80
1,02
Trng lng
sau khi lm
lnh
6
1085,0
41,80
3,85
6
1052,50
19,20
1,82
6
999,17
13,57
1,35
T l
hao ht (%)
6
49,17
8,61
17,50
6
51,67
12,52
24,23
6
53,33
13,66
25,61
> 0,05
Nhn chung, thi gian lm lnh cng lu cc dy xc xch cng gim trng
lng nhiu hn v t l hao ht sau khi nu cng nhiu hn. Kt qu cho thy lm
lnh 17 gi t l hao ht l nhiu nht (53,33 13,66%) v t nht khi lm lnh sau
khi nu l (49,17 8,61%). Tuy nhin, qua x l thng k, s khc bit ny cha c
ngha vi P>0,05. Vi kt qu kho st ny, ty theo tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th
45
46
Chng V
KT LUN V NGH
47
5.2 NGH
- T trng sn xut nn thng xuyn nhc nh cng nhn v vic tun th
bo h lao ng nghim ngt trong qu trnh sn xut.
- Cn b KCS cn ch theo di, gim st, nhc nh cng nhn cng nhn
lm ng theo yu cu k thut, trnh xy ra sn phm h hng.
- Cn b k thut cn kim tra k cng on nhi nh lng xc xch. Ci t
hai thng s 40g v 80g kt hp thay i cng nhn ng my nhm so snh s
chnh lch gia cc ln ci t nh lng trng lng sn phm c chnh xc.
ng thi kim tra li cc thng s my nhi, gim hao ht trong cng on
thnh phm n mc thp nht.
48