1.

Khi qut: Khi c s c bn trong ca my pht ng b, in th t cm pht ra bi dng kch t lin tc duy tr dng in s c mc d rle bo v thit b c th c lp my pht khi h thng. Ngn mch thi gian di u cc my pht hoc bn trong cun dy my pht c th gy ra nng chy thanh dn hoc t chy cch in. Nu dng in s c l ngn mch vi t th tng i ln, li thp c th b t chy. V vy, trong trng hp s c bn trong my pht thc hin dp t ng thi khi thit b bo v r le hot ng ct ngun cung cp chnh. Dp t l gim thiu nng lng t trng cha trong cun dy rotor cng sm cng tt. Phng php n gin nht l ngt mch kch t. Nhng cun dy kch t c mt in cm rt ln, mt s ngt mch bt t ngt c th to ra in p rt ln ti hai u cun dy. V vy, ng thi khi ngun kch t c ngt ra, cun dy rotor s t ng ni vi in tr x hoc cc thit b hp th khc nhanh chng tiu tn nng lng trong cun dy kch t. Cc thit b ch yu s dng hon thnh qu trnh ny gi l thit b dp t t ng. ngn chn s c lan rng, i hi phi dp t. Thi gian dp t cng ngn th thit hi gy ra bi ngn mch cng nh. Thng thng, phng php dp t c quyt nh da trn thi gian cn thit in p ca cun dy my pht ng b gim gn v khng. Thm vo , qu in p trn cun dy rotor trong khi dp t s khng vt qu gi tr cho php ca in p trn c gp. H thng dp t t ng s p ng cc i hi sau: 1) Thi gian dp t cng ngn cng tt. 2) in p to ra ti hai u cun dy kch t ti thi im khi my ct dp t m s trong khong cho php ca cch in cun dy, v d gi tr qu p cho php cc vnh gp. 3) Kiu mch v cu trc ca thit b dp t phi n gin v tin cy. My ct dp t phi c dung lng ln khp mch dng in rotor di bt c iu kin s c no ca my pht. Phn t tiu tn dp t phi c dung lng ln hn nhu cu cn thit ca nng lng tch tr ln nht ca rotor di bt c iu kin s c c th ca t my. Bo v qu p v kh t phi tuyn bao gm mt b in tr phi tuyn ZnO v my ct dp t kp l mt mu mi c th ng dng cho

rotor my pht ng b kch c trung bnh v ln. N c c tnh dp t nhanh, hot ng bo v qu p tt, cu trc n gin cng nh tin li cho vn hnh v bo dng. 2. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng: 2.1. Cu trc: S nguyn l in c ch ra hnh 1:
FR1

FR1

Ngun kch t

FR3

F
FR2

FMK Hnh 1: S nguyn l ca bo v qu p v dp t in tr phi tuyn FMK: My ct dp t kp. FR1: in tr dp t phi tuyn. FR2, FR3: in tr cm bin in p bo v qu p. D: it. L: Cun dy kch t. Nh c ch ra trong s nguyn l, h thng dp t bao gm ba phn: (1) FMK: My ct kch t kp DM4 (2) in tr phi tuyn FR1 cho mc ch dp t. (3) in tr phi tuyn FR2 v FR3 cho mc ch bo v in p. 2.2. Nguyn l hot ng 2.2.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my ct kch t kp DM4:

My ct kch t DM4 l mt my ct khng kh kp tc ng nhanh, vi mi thit b ngt c mt c cu c kh ON v OFF c lp. Trong khi hot ng, hai c cu ngt s c bt. Mt tc ng ngt ca bt c c cu ngt no cng c th ngt dng kch t m bo vic kh t tin cy. My ct DM4 vi mt kh nng dp h quang mnh c th ct nhanh dng kch t m bo mt dung lng cao ca vic to in p thch hp vi b in tr phi tuyn c khi ng tin cy. 2.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca in tr phi tuyn ZnO: c tnh V/A ca in tr phi tuyn ZnO c ch ra trong hnh 2. Ti mt in p thp, dng i qua l rt nh v in tr l rt ln. Khi in p vt qu mt gi tr no , dng in tng nhanh chng v in tr tng ng gim ng k. Thng thng cc c tnh ca n c trnh by bi h s khng tuyn tnh xc nh nh sau: = Go/Ge Trong : Go = Io/Uo: th hin dn tnh ti im lm vic. Ge = dIo/dUo: th hin dn ng ti im lm vic. T nh ngha, ta xc nh U = CI. Vi U: St p ca in tr I : Dng i qua in tr C: Hng s, v d st p khi dng in 1A i qua. Hin nhin, cng nh bao nhiu (0<<1) th c tnh nhy cm cng cao by nhiu. Nu = 1 khi n l in tr tuyn tnh. Nu = 0 n l mt thnh phn nhy cm in p l tng vi mt st in p bng hng s. 2.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng ca b dp t: 2.2.3.1. iu kin hot ng bnh thng ca my pht in: Trong khi my pht vn hnh, my ct dp t DM4 c ng v in p kch t ca my pht c a vo qua i t v cu bn dn c iu khin FR1, FR2 v FR3. Vi in tr phi tuyn FR1c mc ch kh t, b kho bi i t ngc, n khng th c dng thun hay dng ngc (khi mt in p ngc trong sut qu trnh chnh lu ca cu chnh lu nn ch c mt dng r r nh theo chiu ngc). V in tr phi tuyn FR2 v FR3 mc ch bo v qu p, nh c mch iu khin bn dn s ngt ra trc khi qu p t n gi tr kch hot xung, v th s khng c

dng thun hoc dng ngc trong mch. Trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng FR1, FR2 v FR3 khng c dng i qua v khng tiu th nng lng v khng nh hng n lm vic ca mch chnh. 2.2.3.2. Bo v qu p xy ra trong qu tnh hot ng bnh thng ca my pht: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca my pht, im lm vic gc ca FR2 v FR3 l ti A1. Nu xut hin qu p, v d in p thun, v khi nng lng ny tng ln n mc gy ra qu p vi im t. Mch iu khin xung kch m FR2 v FR3 s khi ng, v b iu khin bn dn s nhanh chng khi ng in tr phi tuyn khi in p hai u vt qu gi tr nhy cm ca in tr v tiu tn qu p ca rotor. Vo thi im ny im lm vic ca in tr phi tuyn dch t A1 n A2. Khi qu p c gii tr gi tr in p tr v im lm vic A1 khi in p ca rotor my pht tr v gi tr bnh thng. Trong trng hp qu p ngc im lm vic ca FR2 v FR3 s dch ti hng m X theo ng cong c tnh V/A. Khi in p ngc vt qua im un gi tr nhy cm in p ca FR2 v FR3, FR2 v FR3 c khi ng theo chiu ngc v im lm vic ti A3. Khi nng lng qu p c gii tr in p qu p gim n khi mt hn. v im lm vic ca FR2 v FR3 s dch v A1 li. T cc phn tch trn thy rng vi mt gi tri qu p gii hn, rotor my pht c th c mt in p c iu khin hiu qu nm gia ULM v +ULM bi v FR2 v FR3 c mt cng sut hiu qu. Kt qu l cch in rotor c bo v tt. 2.2.3.3. iu kin hot ng dp t trong khi ngng my: Khi my pht ngng bnh thng hoc s c, thit b ny c th s dng dp t nhanh v kim ch vic to ra qu p trong mch kch t mt di an ton trong khi dp t. Sau FMK nhn lnh ngng, hai tip im chnh c ct. in p gia hai u ca cun dy kch t UL c biu din di (cm khng ca cun dy khc khng c xem xt y): UL = IL * RL + Trong :

*L
RL: in tr ca cun dy kch t L: in cm ca cun dy kch t

Khi DM4 ct dng in IL,

* L <0 v im lm vic ca FR1 dch

theo hng UL gim. UL gim t dng ti m v ln tng theo chiu ngc li; dng ca in tr phi tuyn INR tr nn ln IL = INR + IK. Ti thi im bt u, INR=0, IK=IL. khi gi tr in p ngc UL t n mt im no (A4 trn hnh 2) khi INR= IL, IK=0, thi im dp h quang ca my ct. Sau , cun dy kch t v FR thnh lp mt mch x c lp ti khi nng lng t trng c chuyn i thnh nhit bng x qua b in tr phi tuyn. Vi vic gim INR (ngha l IL) trong thi gian x, im lm vic ca FR1 chuyn theo dc ng c tnh V/A. Trong sut qu trnh ny, nh in p ngc ln nht gia hai cc rotor my pht da trn ng c tnh V/A ca FR1 v trn dng INM chy trong mch nhnh ca FR1. INM phi nh hn gi tr ln nht ca IL ti thi im dp t. Nh trnh by trong hnh 2, INM tng ng vi gi tr in p ca dng rotor nghch ca thit b kch t ULM. My ct kch t c mt kh nng dp t thch hp m bo in p cn thit cho dng chy qua FR1 c th c xc lp nhanh chng ti hai u ca cun dy kch t khi m mch, vy hon thnh o dng (tc l IK=IL). Sau khi ngt my ct kch t, h quang to ra c th b dp tt nhanh chng ct cun dy kch t khi ngun kch t thng mt khong 30ms. FR1 phi c thit k v chn in p khi dp t c th gii hn trong di cho php di cc iu kin hot ng. V FR1 c thuc tnh nhy cm tt, in p u ni ca cun dy kch t lun lun bo m khng i ti mt gi tr cao t hon ton o chiu ti lm yu IL gn n 0. V vy, vic dp t tc cao t c gn n qu trnh dp t l tng.
IL
-IN

-UM

A2 U3 A3 +ILM -ULM +ULM I2 A1 U1 U2 UL

A4

3. Cc thng s cng ngh. Cc thng s cng ngh ca thit b bo v qu in p v dp t in tr phi tuyn c ch ra trong bng 1. STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hng mc H s phi tuyn ca ton b thit b in p nh mc (V), Ue Dng in nh mc (A), Ie Cng sut danh dnh (MJ) Dng in ngt (A) Gi tr qu p rotor (V) Gi tr in p dp t (V) Gi tr kim tra ti xung ca mch kch t vi t in p kim tra ti cng trng ca mch kch t vi t Dng r r ca mi nhm in tr phi tuyn (mA) Tui th c kh ca my ct dp t Tui th ca in tr phi tuyn <0,1 800 1600 hoc 2500 1-4.0 (0,03-3)Ie Thun: 1500-3500 Nghch: 800-2500 800-2500 5600 4000-5000 <100 5000 >10 Thng s

Ch : dng in r r qua mi nhm in tr khi gi tr in p dp t bng 1/3 c t vo hai u ca mi nhm. 4. Hng dn lp t: Theo nguyn l thit b bo v qu p v dp t khng tuyn tnh c lp t theo bn v thit k v bng ni dy. Ch ti nhng phn sau: 1) Lp rp cc bung dp h quang. V mc ch an ton bung dp h quang ca my ct dp t kp phi c tho ra ng gi ring v chuyn hang, sau s c lp rp khi t dp t

c lp t. Trong khi lp t ng ni ca cun dy thi ca my ct kch t phi c ni vi thanh ng dn in ca tip im tnh v bt vt cht vo ca my ct m bo mt s lch t c to ra khi dng in b ngt, t c mc ch dp h quang. Mt tip xc khng tt c th gy ra li dp h quang v t chy thit b. 2) Dy dn ca thit b dp t c th l cc cc m dng ca rotor phi c ni theo mt tun th nghim tc cc bn v, khng c ni ngc dy hoc n c th gy ra cn tr mch kh t kt qu l khng th dp t v xy ra qu p. 3) Cng sut ca ngun cung cp l 220VDC, 50A, 1s, cn c cung cp c lp bi ngun ring ca nh my. 4) Cng sut cu ngun hot ng l 220VDC, 5A. 5) Mch reset ca tn hiu qu p thc s c kt ni vi tuyn iu khin t xa nh i hi. 5. S dng v bo tr: H thng ny phi c kim tra v bo tr trong thi gian hot ng. 5.1. My ct dp t phi c kim tra v bo tr theo sch hng dn. 5.2. Kch t khng ti p buc do li: sau khi p kh t nhm t kh t cn c lm ngui 1 gi trc khi a vo hot ng tr li. 5.3. Thng xuyn hot ng: 5.3.1. iu kin bnh thng cho php hot ng 2 ln lin tip. 5.3.2. Dp t iu kin c ti: Sau khi dp t 50 ln ti iu kin c ti (bao gm c kch t nhm ln khng ti), n cn phi kim tra li dng r r ca khi bin tr v gi tr bo v in p thun nghch. 5.4. Sau hai nm hot ng bnh thng, thit b ny s c kim tra ton b, vic ny c th thc hin trong khi bo dng. Cc kim tra phi c thc hin my ct dp t, dng in r, gi tri in p bo v qu p thun nghch ca khi bin tr Khi khi bin tr c dng r ln hn 0.1mA (hoc dng r ca khi rc cm l qu 4x0,1mA) hoc in p thay i ln hn 10%, n s c thay th.

5.5. Sau khi hot ng bo v qu p, c mt tn hiu u ra v mt ch bo bng. Ngi vn hnh phi reset nh k mch tn hiu nu khng qu p tip theo s khng c pht hin. 5.6. Tip im ca my ct dp t s c kim tra thng xuyn tip xc tt v nh nhng. 5.7. Phn tch li ca my ct DM4. 5.7.1. C hai l do lm cho my ct DM4 b li ct: 1. Tip im ph ca my ct khng ng v tr nn mch hot ng b kho, c th gii quyt bng cch iu chnh hoc thay th tip im ph. 2. C cu c kh ngt my ct khng hot ng thch hp v dy dn b hng hay v s di chuyn qu lu ca lin kt li thp in t c th gii quyt bng cch iu chnh hoc thay th cc b phn. 5.7.2. Cng c hai l do lm cho my ct DM4 b li ng: 1. Gy ra bi tip im ph. 2. Dy dn ca kt cu ng hoc c cu c kh iu kin bi li thp tiu th qu nhiu cng sut, hoc n c t ng v tr nhng khng th hot ng nhanh. iu ny c th c pht hin bi vic iu chnh hoc thay th cc b phn. 6. Ph lc 1: My ct kch t DMX My ct kch t DMX c th c s dng nh mt my ct dp t tho mn chc nng dp t cng vi in tr phi tuyn (xem chi tit s hng dn ca my ct kch t). My ct ny c cc li th ch yu sau 1) H thng tip im chnh kiu m v tip im chu h quang s dng tng t kiu cu trc tip im nhiu tng quay kp, v c lp rp theo kiu khi, trn trc vung c cch in v quay ng b. Cu trc kt hp di ng sut i xng v hot ng ng b. S lng tip im thay i c th c kt ni song song to ra mt mch ct vi trn 5 ln dng in. Hai hoc 4 nhm tip im c th ni ni tip vi hai ln in p. Vi mt di thng s rng nh vy, n c th tho mn nhu cu t kt hp dp t ca cc my pht ln, trung bnh, v nh trong nh cng nh ngoi tri vi s i hi c bit vi in p h quang ca b dp t in tr tuyn tnh ZnO, v c th tho mn hn

na dp t ca cc in tr tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn. So snh vi cc sn phm tng t trong nh v ngoi tri n c cu trc n gin, d dng lp t v iu chnh, thun tin trong bo tr, 2) Vi mt c cu c kh iu khin khc thng thit k vi b ng in t, b gi nam chm vnh cu, b ngt t ngc v b ngt t in d phng, chc nng ngt kp ca n m bo khng b kt c kh. S dng b gi nam chm vnh cu thay v kho c kh trnh mn c kh lm tng kh nng bo v v tui th ca my ct. 3) S dng nam chm t vnh cu thay v h thng thi xy dng trn cun dy thi t v s dng bung dp h quang bng cung li ngn khng ch m bo ct dng n nh trong mt phm vi nh m cng xy dng mt kh nng lp li in p h quang li v n nh, v th m bo o ngc ti cc thnh phn hp th v dp t khi my ct dp t hot ng. 4) Tip im thng ng trn cng trc vung cch in khng ch lm cho my ct cch ly vi cc thnh phn hp th nng lng ca my trong khi hot ng bnh thng m cng lm cho cc thnh phn hp th cng sut chuyn mch dp t n nh trong khi bo v khn cp v dng my bnh thng. Lu vi my ct ny: 1) My ct DMX 1600A trn c mt nt ngt d phng, v tr c kh theo nt d phng ny l v tr bng tay. Ti thi im ny, my ct phi c ng bng tay ch khng bng in. 2) Khi hon thin ni dy mch m chnh, ngt in phi c bt bng in. 3) Thi gian tr gia 4)