Khi nim c bn v si Polyester

Polyester l mt loi si tng hp c ngun gc t than , khng kh, nc v du m. c pht trin trong phng th nghim t th k 20, si polyester c hnh thnh t phn ng ha hc gia acid v ru. Trong phn ng ny, hai hoc nhiu phn t kt hp vi nhau to ra mt phn t ln c cu trc lp i lp li trong sut chiu di ca n. Si Polyester c th hnh thnh rt nhiu phn t c kch thc ln rt n nh v bn vng.
Polyester c ng dng nhiu trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut cc loi sn phm nh qun o, ni tht gia dng, vi cng nghip, my tnh v bng ghi m, vt liu cch in. Si Polyester c nhiu u th hn khi so snh vi cc loi vi truyn thng nh bng. N khng ht m, nhng hp th du. Chnh nhng c tnh ny lm cho Polyester tr thnh mt loi vi hon ho i vi nhng ng dng chng nc, chng bi v chng chy. Kh nng hp th thp ca Polyester gip n t chng li cc vt bn mt cch t nhin. Vi Polyester khng b co khi git, chng nhn v chng ko dn. N cng d dng c nhum mu v khng b hy hoi bi nm mc. Vi Polyester l vt liu cch nhit hiu qu, do n c dung sn xut gi, chn, o khoc ngoi v ti ng.

Lch s Vo nm 1926, Cng ty EI du Pont de Nemours - M bt u nghin cu cc cao phn t v si tng hp. Nhng nghin cu ban u ca W.H Carothers tp trung vo s hnh thnh nylon, loi si tng hp u tin. Ngay sau , trong nhng nm 1939-1941, mt s nh ha hc Anh ch n nhng nghin cu ca du Pont v tin hnh cc nghin cu ca ring h ti cc phng th nghim ca Hip hi cc nh in n Calico, Ltd. Vic ny dn n s ra i ca si polyester c bit n Anh nh Terylene. Nm 1946, du Pont mua bn quyn sn xut si polyester ti M. Tip theo, Cng ty tin hnh pht trin xa hn na, v trong nm 1951 Cng ty bt u th trng ho si di ci tn Dacron. Trong nhng nm sau , mt s cng ty rt quan tm n si polyester v t sn xut cc dng sn phm cho cc ng dng khc nhau. Ngy nay, c hai dng chnh ca polyester l PET (polyethylene terephthalate) v PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET l loi ph bin hn, hu dng, a dng trong cc ng dng. N bn vng hn PCDT, mc d PCDT do hn v n hi hn. PCDT ph hp lm rm ca v lp bc ni tht, cn PET c th c s dng c lp hoc phi trn vi cc loi vi khc lm cho qun o khi nhn chng bi bn v khng co dn. Nguyn liu th Polyester l mt thut ng ha hc m trong Poly c ngha l nhiu v este l mt hp cht ha hc hu c cn bn. Thnh phn cu to c trng c s dng trong sn xut polyester l ethylene c ngun gc t du m. Qu trnh ha hc to ra cc polyester hon chnh c gi l qu trnh trng hp.

nh 1

Qu trnh sn xut Quy trnh Polyester c sn xut bi mt trong nhiu phng php khc nhau. Phng php c p dng ph thuc vo dng (loi) polyester s sn xut. C bn dng si polyester c bn l si filament, x, si th, v fiberfill. Vi filament, mi si n l tham gia cu to ca si polyester l di lin tc, dng si ny dng sn xut cc loi vi c b mt nhn. Vi x, si filament c ct ngn vi nhng di nh trc do c th d dng hn pha trn vi cc loi si khc. Si th l mt dng m trong cc si filament lin tip c ko lng vi nhau. Fiberfill l dng si ln c s dng trong sn xut chn, gi, v o khoc ngoi. Hai dng c s dng thng xuyn nht l si filament v x. Sn xut si Filament Trng hp - hnh thnh polyester, dimethy terephthalate phn ng u tin vi ethylene glycol vi s c mt ca cht xc tc nhit 302- 410 F (150 - 210 C); - Kt qu ho hc l mt monomer c to thnh (n, phn t khng lp li), n kt hp vi acid terephthalic v c tng nhit ti 472 F (280 C). Polyester nng chy mi to thnh c p n qua khe thnh mt di di. Lm kh - Sau khi polyester hnh thnh t qu trnh trng hp, cc di nng chy di c lm mt cho n khi chng tr nn gin. Nguyn liu c ct thnh nhng ht chip nh v hon ton kh ngn nga s bt bn vng. Ko si - Nhng ht polymer c nu chy 500-518 F (260-270 C) to thnh mt dung dch ging nh xi-r. Dung dch c t trong thng kim loi c gi l phun si v c n p qua cc l nh ca n, thng l trn nhng cng c th l ng gic hoc bt k hnh dng no sn xut si c bit. S lng l trong phun xc nh kch c ca si, cc si tun ra xon li vi nhau to thnh mt si n. - giai on ko si, cc ha cht khc c th c thm vo dung dch lm vt liu chng chy, chng tch in, hoc d dng nhum hn.

nh 2 Ko cng - Khi polyester hnh thnh t phun, n rt mm v d dng ko c di ti nm ln chiu di ban u ca n. Tc ng ko cng cng bc cc phn t polyester ngu nhin sp xp thng hng. iu ny lm tng thm bn, dai, v kh nng n hi ca si. Trong thi gian ny, khi cc si filament kh, si tr nn bn vng v dai thay v d gy. - Cc si c ko cng c th thay i rt nhiu v ng knh v di, ty thuc vo cc c tnh mong mun ca thnh phm. Ngoi ra, ging nh qu trnh ko cng, Si c th c lin kt hoc xon to ra cc loi vi mm hoc vi th. Cun si - Sau khi cc si polyester c ko cng, n c cun vo cc ng si ln hoc ng thng v sn sng c dt thnh vi nguyn liu. Sn xut x ngn PSF Trong khi lm x ngn polyester, qu trnh trng hp, sy kh, v tun si (bc 1-4 trn) rt ging vi qu trnh sn xut si filament. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh tun si, thng trn c nhiu l hn khi sn phm l x ngn. Cc b si polyester hnh thnh c gi l si th. Ko cng - Si mi hnh thnh c nhanh chng lm lnh trong cc thng cha cc si dy. Si c di khc nhau c tp trung v ko cng trn cc con ln c gia nhit n ba hoc bn ln chiu di ban u ca n. To np - Si ko sau c a vo trong cc hp nn to np gp nh n acocng vi t l 9-15 np mi inch (3-6 np trn mi cm). Qu trnh ny gip cc si lin kt cht vi nhau trong cc giai on sn xut sau ny. nh hnh - Sau khi si c gp np, n c gia nhit n 212 - 302 F (100 - 150 C) lm kh hon ton cc si v gi cc np gp. Mt s np gp khng gi c s c rt ra khi cc si trong cc qu trnh tip theo. Qu trnh ct - Tip theo gia nhit nh hnh, si c ct ngn hn. Polyester s c pha trn vi bng v c ct thnh cc on 1,25 - 1,50 inch (3,2 - 3,8 cm); i vi hn hp x nhn to n c ct vi chiu di 2 inch (5 cm). i vi cc loi vi nng hn, chng hn nh thm, si filament tng hp c ct thnh 6 inch (15 cm).

Trong tng lai Sau khi c gii thiu M nm 1951, polyester nhanh chng tr thnh loi si c pht trin nhanh nht ca nc M, rt ph bin trong nhng nm 1960. Tuy nhin, polyester phi tri qua mt "vn v quan nim" t thi , v qun o lm t si tng hp thng b mt gi v thm ch ty chay. Mt s dng mi ca si tng hp c gii thiu vo u nhng nm 1990 c th gip khi phc hnh nh ca polyester. Dng mi ca si polyester c gi l si siu nh c gii thiu n cng chng vo nm 1991. Sang trng hn v linh hot hn polyester truyn thng, cc loi vi si microfiber tng t vi la. Cc nh thit k nh Mary McFadden to ra mt dng qun o bng cch s dng hnh thc mi ca polyester. Cc nh nghin cu dt may ti i hc Bc Carolina ang pht trin mt hnh thc polyester c th s bn vng nh Kevlar, mt loi vt liu superfiber s dng lm o khoc chng n. Loi polyester ny c th c s dng nh vt liu composite cho xe t v my bay. Ngun tham kho: Corbman, Bernard P. Textiles: Fiber to Fabric. 6th ed. Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 374-92; Encyclopedia of Textiles. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980, pp. 28-33; Polyester: Fifty Years of Achievement. State Mutual Book & Periodical Service, 1993; Fellingham, Christine. "Will You Learn to Love Polyester?" Glamour, April 1992, p. 204. Templeton, Fleur. "Show Me a Bulletproof Leisure Suit, In Pink." Business Week, July 6, 1992, p. 65. Thomas, Marita. "At 50 Years, Polyester Gains New Fashion Vitality." Textile World, December 1993, p. 62+. Kristine M. Krapp