100 DeCde BDHSG Hoa (Trang 12)

B dy hc sinh gii
s 1
Cu 1:C 3 cht: Al, Mg, Al
2
O
3
. Ch c dng mt ha cht lm thuc th hy phn bit 3 cht
trn?
Cu 2: Mui X va tc dng vi dung dch HCl va tc dng vi dung dich NaOH. Hi mui X
thuc loi mui trung ha hay
axit? Cho v d minh ha?
Cu 3: nh ngha phn ng trao i? iu kin phn ng trao i xy ra? Cho v d
minh ha? Phn ng trung ha c phi
l phn ng trao i khng?
Cu 4: Kh CO
2
c iu ch bng cch phn ng gia HCl v CaCO
3
c ln hi nc v HCl.
Lm th no thu c CO
2
tinh khit?
Cu 5: Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc l M
x
O
y,
trong M chim 72,41% khi lng. Kh hon
ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M. Ha tan lng M bng HNO
3
c
nng thu c mui M ha tr III v 0,9 mol kh NO
2
. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v x
nh oxit kim loi
6. Nung m gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr II. Sau
mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v cn li hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng hon
ton vi dung dch HCl d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hon ton bi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu
c 15 gam kt ta. Phn dung dch c cn c 32,5 gam hn hp mui khan. Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng v tnh m ?
12. Cho 5,22 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi (hp cht X) tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
.
Phn ng gii phng ra gm 0,336 lit NO v x lit kh CO
2
. Cc th tch kh c o iu kin
tiu chun. Hy xc nh mui cacbonat kim loi v tnh th tch kh CO
2
(x) ?
13. Cho mt lng Cu
2
S tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
un nng. Phn ng to ra dung dch
A
1
v gii phng kh A
2
khng mu, b ha nu trong khng kh. Chia A
1
thnh 2 phn. Thm
BaCl
2
vo phn 1, thy kt ta trng A
3
khng tan trong axit d. Thm mt lng d NH
3
vo
phn 2, ng thi khuy u hn hp, thu c dung dch A
4
c mu xanh lam m.
a) Hy ch ra A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, A
4
l g?
b) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc m t qu trnh nu trn?
14. t cacbon trong khnh kh nhit cao, c hn hp kh A. Cho A tc dng vi
Fe
2
O
3
nung nng c kh B v hn hp rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thu c
kt ta K v dung dch D, un si D li c kt ta K. Cho C tan trong dung dch HCl thu c
kh v dung dcg E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c hn hp kt ta hirxit F.
Nung F trong khng kh c xit duy nht. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng?
15. Fe + O
2
A
A + HCl B + C + H
2
O
B + NaOH D + G
C + NaOH E + G
Dng phn ng ha hc no chuyn D thnh E? Bit rng B + Cl
2
C.
16. Cho mt lung hir d ln lt i qua cc ng mc ni tip sau y:
CaO CuO Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
Na
2
O. Sau ly cc cht cn li trong ng cho tc dng ln
lt vi CO
2
, vi dung dch HCl v AgNO
3
.
Vit tt c cc phng trnh xy ra?
Trang 1
B dy hc sinh gii
17. C 5 mu kim loi : Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch c dung dich H
2
SO
4
long c th nhn
bit c nhng kim loi no?
18. Cho 4 kim loi A, B, C, D c mu gn ging nhau ln lt tc dng vi HNO
3
c, dung
dch HCl, dung dch NaOH ta thu c kt qu nh sau:
A B C D
HNO
3
HCl
NaOH
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
+
-
Hi chng l cc kim loi gh trong cc kim loi sau y :Mg, Fe, Ag, Al, Cu? Vit cc phng
trnh phn ng, bit rng kim loi tc dng vi HNO
3
c ch c kh mu nu bay ra.
19. Kh 2,4 g hn h CuO v mt st oxit bng hir thy cn li 1,76 g cht rn. Nu ly
cht rn ha tan bng dung dch HCl th thot ra 0,448 lt kh (ktc) . Xc nh cng thc ca
st oxit. Bit rng s mol ca 2 oxit trong hn hp bng nhau.
20. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt loi mui clorua kp xKCl.yMgCl
2
.zH
2
O
(mui A) ngi ta tin hnh 2 th nghim sau:
- Nung 11,1 g mui thu c 6,78 g mui khan.
- Cho 22,2 g mui tc dng vi xt d ri ly kt ta em nung thu c 3,2 g cht rn.
Bit khi lng phn t mui kp l 277,5. Tm cc gi tr x, y, z?
21. Khi nung 6,06 g mt mui Nitrat ca mt kim loi kim ta thu c 5,1 g cht rn (nitrit).
Hi phn hy mui nitrat ca kim loi gh?
22. xc nh thnh phn ca mui kp A c cng thc p(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.qFe
x
(SO
4
)
y
.tH
2
O ngi
ta tin hnh th nghim sau:
Ly 9,64 g mui A ha tan vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2
d, khi un nng ta thu
c kt ta B v kh C. Ly kt ta B nung nhit cao ( c mt khng kh) ta thu c
10,92 g cht rn. Cho ton b kh C hp th vo 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1 M. trung ha
lng axit d cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M
1) Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
2) Xc nh cc gi tr x, y, p, q, t?
23. Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
Ov bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO
4
8%
iu ch280 g dung dch CuSO
4
16%?
24. Trn V
1
lit dung dch A cha 9,125d HCl vi V
2
lit dung dch B cha 5,47 g HCl, ta thu
c 2 lit dung dch C. Tnh nng d mol ca dung dch A, B, C bit V
1
+ V
2
= 2l, v hiu s
gia nng mol dung dich A v B l 0,4 mol/l.
25. ng nitrat b phn hy khi nung nng theo phn ng:
Cu(NO
3
)
2
CuO + 2NO
2
+ O
2
.
Nu khi nung 15,04g ng nitrat thy cn li 8,56g cht rn, th c bao nhiu phn trm ng
nitrat b phn hy v xc nh thnh phn cht rn cn li.
26. Ha tan 1,42g hp kim Mg - Al - Cu bng dung dch HCl dta thu c dung dch A, kh
B v cht rn C. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi xt d ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao th thu
c 0,4g cht rn. Mt khc t nng cht rn C trong khng kh th thu c 0,8g mt oxit
mu en.
1) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u?
2) Cho kh B tc dng vi 0,672 lit kh clo (ktc) ri ly sn phm ha tan vo 19,72 lit nc, ta
c dung dch D. Ly 5 g dung dch D tc dng vi AgNO
3
thy to thnh 0,7175g kt ta.
Tnh hiu sut phn ng gia kh B v clo?
Trang 2
B dy hc sinh gii
27. Chia 1,5g hn hp bt Fe - Al - Cu thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
1) Ly mt phn ha tan bng dung dich HCl thy cn li 0,2g cht rn khng tan v 448 cm
3
kh bay ra. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?
2) Ly phn th 2 cho vo 400 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO
3
0,08 M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5 M. Sau
khi kt thc cc phn ng ta thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Tnh khi lng cht rn A v
nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B?
28. Mt loi cha CaCO
3
, MgCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
, khi lng nhm oxit bng 1/8 khi lng cc
mui cacbonat. em nung nhit cao ta thu c cht rn c khi lng bng 6/10 khi
lng trc khi nung. Tnh thnh phn trm ca MgCO
3
trong ?
29. Ha tan 4,59g nhm bng dung dch HNO
3
c dung dch nhm nitrat v hn hp kh
NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi hir l 16,75.
1) Tnh khi lng nhm nitrat?
2) Tnh th tch cc kh NO v N
2
O ?
30.* A l mt mu hp kim Cu - Zn. Chia mu hp kim thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn th
nht ha tan bng dung dch d thy cn li 1 gam khng tan, phn th 2 luyn thm vo 4 gam
Al th thu c mu hp kim trong B c hm lng phn trm ca Zn nh hn 33,3% so vi hm
lng Zn trong mu hp kim A.
Tnh % ca Cu trong mu hp kim A, bit rng khi ngm mu hp kim B trong dung dch
NaOH th sau mt thi gian lng kh bay ra vt qu 6 lit.
31. Hn hp kh O
2
v SO
2
c t khi so vi hir bng 24, sau khi ung nng hn hp vi
cht xc tc ta thu c hn hp kh mi c t khi hi so vi hir bng 30.
a) Xc nh thnh phn hn hp trc v sau phn ng?
b) Tnh thnh phn trm mi kh tham gia phn ng?
Ch : Trong bi tp ny cc cht u phn ng khng hon ton.
32. Hon thnh cc phn ng theo s sau:
Fe + ... A + B
A + NaOH C + NaCl
C + O
2
+ H
2
O D
D E; E + B Fe
33. Hy ly 3 cht v c ( A, B, C) tha mn cc iu kin sau:
- Khi trn 2 dung dch A v B th to thnh kt ta.
- Khi cho A hoc B tc dng vi C th to thnh mt cht kh khng chy.
34. A, B, C l cc hp cht ca kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao c ngn la mu vng,
D l mt hp cht ca cacbon. A tc dng vi D to thnh B hoc C, A tc dng vi B to thnh
C. Nung D nhit cao c mt sn phm l D, D tc dng vi dung dch C to thnh B.
A, B, C l nhng cht gh? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng?
35. C mt hn hp 3 kim loi ha tr II ng trc H. T l khi lng nguyn t ca chng
l 3 : 5 : 7. T l s mol ca cc kim loi l 4 : 2 : 1. Khi ha tan 14,6 gam hn hp bng dung
dch HCl thy thot ra 7,84 l hir.
Xc nh khi lng nguyn t v gi tn ca chng?
36.* A l dung dch NaOH, B l dung dch H
2
SO
4
. Trn 0,2 lit A v 0,3 lit B thu c 0,5 lit
dung dch C. Ly 20 ml dng dch C, thm mt t qu tm vo ta thy mu xanh. Sau thm t
t dung dch HCl 0,05M cho ti khi qu tm chuyn thnh mu tm thy tn ht 40 ml axit.
Trng 0,3 l A v 0,3l B c dung dch D. Ly 20 ml dung dch D, thm vo 1 t qu tm thy c
Trang 3
0
t
0
t
B dy hc sinh gii
mu , sau thm t t dung dch NaOH 0,1 M cho ti khi qu tm i thnh mu tm thy
tn ht 80 ml dung dch NaOH. Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch A v B?
37. Cho cht A tc dng vi cht B c kh I c mi trng thi. t chy kh I khi c mt
oxi d c kh II c mi hc. Cho kh I tc dng vi kh II c cht C mu vng. Nung cht C
vi st c cht D, cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl c kh I.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
38.* Hn hp A gm BaO, FeO, Al
2
O
3
. Ha tan A trong lng d nc, c dung dch D v
phn khng tan B. Sc kh CO
2
d vo dung dch D, phn ng to kt ta. Cho kh CO d i qua
B nung nng thu c cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thy tan mt phn
cn li cht rn G. Ha tan ht G trong mt lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long ri cho dung dch
thu c tc dng vi dung dch KMnO
4
. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
39. Cho 18,5 g hn hp Z gm Fe, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO
3
long un
nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc),
dung dch Z
1
v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
2/ Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO
3
?
3/ Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Z
1
?
40. Vit 4 phng trnh thch hp cho s sau: Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ ? NaNO
3
+ ?
41. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c):
a) Cho bt nhm vo dung dch NaCl
b) Cho mt mu Natri vo dung dch FeCl
3
.
c) Cho bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO
3
d.
d) Sc kh SO
2
t t vo dung dch nc vi trong cho n d kh SO
2
.
42. Trong t nhin cc nguyn t Ca, Mg c trong qung lmit: CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
. t qung
ny, hy trnh by phng php iu ch CaCO
3
, MgCO
3
dng ring bit tinh khit?
43. C hai dung dch NaOH nng C% (dung dch 1) v C
2
% (dung dch 2). Cn trn chng
theo t l khi lng nh th no thu c dung dch NaOH C% (dung dcg 3). ( Khng s
dng quy tc ng cho)
p dng bng s: C
1
= 3%, C
2
= 10%, C
1
= 5%.
44. Cho 10 lt N
2
v CO
2
(ktc) i qua 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, thu c 1 g kt ta.
Xc nh thnh phn % (theo th tch) ca CO
2
trong hn hp.
45. Cho 1 dung dch c ha tan 16,8g NaOH tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan 8g Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
,
sau li thm vo dung dch trn 13,68g Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. T nhng phn ng ny ngi ta thu c
dung dch A v kt ta. Lc kt ta c cht rn B. Dung dch A c pha long 500 ml. Cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton.
a) Xc inh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht rn B?
b) Xc nh nng M ca mi cht trong dung dch A sau khi pha long?
46. T Canxicacbua v cc cht v c cn thit khc, vit PTP iu ch nha PE, etylaxtat,
cao su Buna?
47. t chy hon ton 18g cht hu c A cn lng va 16,8lit O
2
(ktc), thu c CO
2

v hi nc vi t l th tch V( CO
2
) : V (H
2
O) = 3 : 2. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi H
2
l 36.
a) Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A?
b) Hy ngh CTCT ca A. Bit rng A c th axit hoc este.
Trang 4
B dy hc sinh gii
48. Nhit phn hon ton hn hp gm: BaCO
3
, MgCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
c cht rn A, kh D. Ha
tan A trong NaOH d c dung dch B v kt ta C. Sc B vo D thy c kt ta. Ha tan C
trong dung dch NaOH d thy kt ta tan mt phn. Vit cc PTP?
s 1
Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cabonat kim loi ho tri II v ho tr III
bng dung dch HCl d ta c
dung dch A v 0,896 lt kh ktc. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A.
Bi 2: Kh m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit CuO, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng kh CO nhit
cao, ngi ta thu c 40 gam
cht rn Y v 13,2 gam kh CO
2
. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Bi 3: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO
3
. sau
mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO
3
trong dung dch gim 25%. Tnh khi lng ca
vt sau phn ng.
Bi 4: Cho 3,78 gam bt Nhm phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl
3
to thnh dung dch Y
gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl
3
. Tm cng thc ca mui XCl
3
.
Bi 5: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng
i c 69 gam cht rn. Tnh thnh phn phn % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp.
Bi 6: Ly 3,33 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ho tr II v mt lng mui Nitrat ca
kim loi c cng s mol nh mui Clorua ni trn, thy khc nhau 1,59 gam. Hy tm kim
loi trong hai mui ni trn.
Bi 7: Cho 14,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn vo dung dich H
2
SO
4
long d to ra 6,72 lt H
2
ktc. Tnh khi lng mui Sunfat thu c.
Bi 8: Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm St v kim loi M ( c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch
HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh ktc v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh gi tr ca
m.
Bi 9: Cho 0,25 mol hn hp KHCO
3
v CaCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra
c dn vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c a gam kt ta. Hy tnh gi tr ca a.
Bi 10: Cho 9,4 gam MgCO
3
tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch HCl, Dn kh sinh ra vo
dung dch nc vi trong. Hy tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
Bi 11: Cho 1,78 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tri II tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long,
gii phng c 0,896 lt kh Hir ktc. Tnh khi lng hn hp mui Sunfat khan thu c.
Bi 12: Ho tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl thu c
2,24 lt kh H
2
ktc. Nu ch dng 2,4 gamkim loi ho tr II th dng khng ht 0,5 mol HCl.
Tm kim loi ho tri II.
Bi 13: Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d sau phn
ng thu c dung dch A v V lt kh H
2
ktc. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu
c kt ta B. Lc B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khi lng khng i c m gam.
Tnh gi tr m.
s 2
Bi 1. 20
o
C, ha tan 60g mui kali nitrat vo 190g nc th c dung dch
bo ha. Hy tnh tan ca mui kali nitrat
nhit .
a: 31,6g
Bi 2. 20
o
C tan ca kali sunfat l 11,1g. Hi phi ha tan bao nhiu
gam mui ny vo 80g nc c dung dch bo ha
Trang 5
B dy hc sinh gii
nhit cho.
a: 8,88g
Bi 3. Xc nh khi lng mui kali clorua kt tinh c sau khi lm ngui
604g dung dch bo ha 80
o
C xung 20
o
C . tan ca KCl 80
o
C bng
51g 20
o
C l 34g
a: 68g
Bi 4. tan ca NaNO
3
100
o
C l 180g, 20
o
C l 88g. Hi c bao nhiu
gam NaNO
3
kt tinh li khi h nhit ca 84g dung dch NaNO
3
bo ha
t 100
o
C xung 20
o
C
a: 27,6g
Bi 5. khi ha tan 48g amoni nitrat vo 80ml nc, lm cho nhit ca
nc h xung ti -12,2
o
C.Nu mun h nhit ca 250ml nc t 15
o
C
xung 0
o
C th cn phi ha tan bao nhiu gam amoni nitrat vo lng nc
ny.
a: 82,72g
Bi 6. Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca nc kt tinh trong:
a. Xoa: Na
2
CO
3
. 10 H
2
O
b. Thch cao: CaSO
4
. 2H
2
O
a: a. 62,93% b. 20,93%
Bi 7: C cn 160 gam dung dch CuSO
4
10% n khi tng s nguyn t trong dung dch ch cn
mt na so vi ban u th dng li. Tm khi lng nc bay ra.
( a: 73,8 gam)
Bi 8: Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
6,95M (D = 1,39 g/ml)

M
C .M
6,95.98
C% 49%
10D 10.1,39

Bi 9:
a. Cn ly bao nhiu gam CuSO
4
ha tan vo 400ml dd CuSO
4
10% (D = 1,1 g/ml) to thnh
dd C c nng l 20,8%
b. Khi h nhit dd C xung 12
o
C th thy c 60g mui CuSO
4
.5H
2
O kt tinh, tch ra khi dd .
Tnh tan ca CuSO
4
12
o
C. (c php sai s nh hn 0,1%)
(a = 60g / b.17,52)
Bi 10: Cho 100g dd Na
2
CO
3
16,96%, tc dng vi 200g dd BaCl
2
10,4%. Sau phn ng , lc b
kt ta c dd A . Tnh nng % cc cht tan trong dd A.
(NaCl 4,17%, Na
2
CO
3
2,27%)
Bi 11: Ha tan mt lng mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ha tr II bng dd H
2
SO
4
14,7 %. Sau
khi phn ng kt thc kh khng cn thot ra na, th cn li dd 17% mui sunfat tan. Xc nh
khi lng nguyn t ca kim loi.
s 3
Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cabonat kim loi ho tri II v ho tr III
bng dung dch HCl d ta c dung dch A v 0,896 lt kh ktc. Tnh khi lng mui c
trong dung dch A.
Bi 2: Kh m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit CuO, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng kh CO nhit
cao, ngi ta thu c 40 gam cht rn Y v 13,2 gam kh CO
2
. Tnh gi tr ca m.
Trang 6
B dy hc sinh gii
Bi 3: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO
3
. sau
mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO
3
trong dung dch gim 25%. Tnh khi lng ca
vt sau phn ng.
Bi 4: Cho 3,78 gam bt Nhm phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl
3
to thnh dung dch Y
gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl
3
. Tm cng thc ca mui XCl
3
.
Bi 5: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng
i c 69 gam cht rn. Tnh thnh phn phn % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp.
Bi 6: Ly 3,33 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ho tr II v mt lng mui Nitrat ca
kim loi c cng s mol nh mui Clorua ni trn, thy khc nhau 1,59 gam. Hy tm kim
loi trong hai mui ni trn.
Bi 7: Cho 14,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn vo dung dich H
2
SO
4
long d to ra 6,72 lt H
2
ktc. Tnh khi lng mui Sunfat thu c.
Bi 8: Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm St v kim loi M ( c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch
HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh ktc v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh gi tr ca
m.
Bi 9: Cho 0,25 mol hn hp KHCO
3
v CaCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra
c dn vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c a gam kt ta. Hy tnh gi tr ca a.
Bi 10: Cho 9,4 gam MgCO
3
tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch HCl, Dn kh sinh ra vo
dung dch nc vi trong. Hy tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
Bi 11: Cho 1,78 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tri II tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long,
gii phng c 0,896 lt kh Hir ktc. Tnh khi lng hn hp mui Sunfat khan thu c.
Bi 12: Ho tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl thu c
2,24 lt kh H
2
ktc. Nu ch dng 2,4 gamkim loi ho tr II th dng khng ht 0,5 mol HCl.
Tm kim loi ho tri II.
Bi 13: Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d sau phn
ng thu c dung dch A v V lt kh H
2
ktc. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu
c kt ta B. Lc B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khi lng khng i c m gam.
Tnh gi tr m.
s 4
1- C 4 l ng ring bit: Nc ct, d.d NaOH, HCl, NaCl. Nu cch nhn
bit tng cht trong l.
2- Vit cc PTHH v dng qu tm chng minh rng:
a) CO
2
, SO
2
, SO
3
, N
2
O
5
, P
2
O
5
l cc Oxit axit.
b) Na
2
O, K
2
O, BaO, CaO l cc xit baz.
3- C 5 l ng ring bit: Nc ct, Ru etylic, d.d NaOH, HCl, d.dCa(OH)
2
.
Nu cch nhn bit tng cht trong l.
4- Cho 17,2 gam hn hp Ca v CaO tc dng vi lng nc d thu c 3,36 lt
kh H
2
ktc.
a) Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh khi lng mi cht c trong
hn hp?
b) Tnh khi lng ca cht tan trong dung dch sau phn ng?
5- Cho cc cht sau: P
2
O
5
, Ag, H
2
O, KClO
3
, Cu, CO
2
, Zn, Na
2
O, S, Fe
2
O
3
,
CaCO
3
, HCl. Hy chn trong s cc cht trn iu ch c cc cht
sau, vit PTHH xy ra nu c?
Trang 7
B dy hc sinh gii
6- Chn cc cht no sau y: H
2
SO
4
long, KMnO
4
, Cu, C, P, NaCl, Zn, S,
H
2
O, CaCO
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, K
2
SO
4
, Al
2
O
3
, iu ch cc cht: H
2
, O
2
,
CuSO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, CaO, Fe. Vit PTHH?
7- Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit 4 kh l: O
2
, H
2
, CO
2
, CO ng
trong 4 bnh ring bit?
8- Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc dung dch sau: HCl, NaOH,
Ca(OH)
2
, CuSO
4
, NaCl. Vit PTHH xy ra?
9- C mt cc ng d.d H
2
SO
4
long. Lc u ngi ta cho mt lng bt
nhm vo dd axit, phn ng xong thu c 6,72 lt kh H
2
ktc. Sau
thm tip vo dd axit mt lng bt km d, phn ng xong thu c thm
4,48 lt kh H
2
na ktc.
a) Vit cc PTHH xy ra?
b) Tnh khi lng bt Al v Zn tham gia phn ng?
c) Tnh khi lng H
2
SO
4
c trong dung dch ban u?
d) Tnh khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng?
10- Tnh lng mui nhm sunfat c to thnh kh cho 49 gam axit H
2
SO
4
tc dng vi 60 gam Al
2
O
3
. Sau phn ng cht no cn d, khi lng l bao
nhiu?
11-Mt baz A c thnh phn khi lng ca kim loi l 57,5 %. Hy xc
nh cng thc baz trn. Bit PTK ca A bng 40 vC.
12- Cho cc cht c CTHH sau: K
2
O, HF, ZnSO
4
, CaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, CO, CO
2
,
H
2
O, NO, NO
2
, P
2
O
5
, HClO, HClO
4
, H
3
PO
4
, NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
3
PO
4
, MgCl
2
. Hy c
tn cc cht ?
13- Th tch nc trng thi lng thu c l bao nhiu khi t 112 lt H
2
ktc vi O
2
d ?
14- Vit PTHH thc hin s sau:
a) Na -> Na
2
O -> NaOH -> NaCl. b) C -> CO
2
- > CaCO
3
-> CaO
-> Ca(OH)
2
.
c) S -> SO
2
-> SO
3
- > H
2
SO
4
-> ZnSO
4
d) P -> P
2
O
5
-> H
3
PO
4
->
Na
3
PO
4
.
15- Nu cho cng s mol mi kim loi : K , Ca , Al , ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl th
kim loi no cho nhiu Hidro hn ?
s 5
Cu 1: T cc ha cht c sn sau y: Mg ; Al ; Cu ; HCl ; KClO
3
; Ag . Hy lm th no
c th thc hin c s bin i sau: Cu --- > CuO --- > Cu
Cu 2: Kh hon ton 11,5 gam mt xit ca Ch bng kh Hiro, th thu c 10,35 gam kim
loi Ch.
Tm cng thc ha hc ca Ch xit.
Cu 3: Cc cht no sau y c th tc dng c vi nhau? Vit phng trnh ha hc. K ; SO
2
; CaO ; H
2
O , Fe
3
O
4
, H
2
; NaOH ; HCl.
Cu 4: Kh hon ton hn hp (nung nng ) gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng kh Hiro, sau phn ng
thu c 12 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Ngm hn hp kim loi ny trong dd HCl, phn ng xong
ngi ta li thu c kh Hiro c th tch l 2,24 lt.
A) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
Trang 8
B dy hc sinh gii
B) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi Oxit c trong hn hp ban u.
C) Tnh th tch kh Hiro dng ( ktc ) kh kh hn hp cc Oxit trn.
Cu 5: Cho 28 ml kh Hiro chy trong 20 ml kh Oxi.
A) Tnh : khi lng nc to thnh.
B) Tnh th tch ca nc to thnh ni trn.
( Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun )
Bi 6: 1) Cho cc PTHH sau PTHH no ng, PTHH no sai? V sao?
a) 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl 2 FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
; d) CH
4
+ 2 O
2
SO
2
+ 2
H
2
O
2) Chn cu pht biu ng v cho v d:
a) Oxit axit thng l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.
b) Oxit axit l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.
c) Oxit baz thng l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.
d) Oxit baz l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.
3) Hon thnh cc PTHH sau:
a) C
4
H
9
OH + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; b) C
n
H
2n - 2
+ ? CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) KMnO
4
+ ? KCl + MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O d) Al +
H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
Bi 7: Tnh s mol nguyn t v s mol phn t oxi c trong 16,0 g kh
sunfuric.
Bi 8: t chy hon ton kh A cn dng ht 8,96 dm
3
kh oxi thu c
4,48 dm
3
kh CO
2
v 7,2g hi nc.
a) A do nhng nguyn t no to nn? Tnh khi lng A phn ng.
b) Bit t khi ca A so vi hiro l 8. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca
A v gi tn A.
Bi 9: Cho lung kh hiro i qua ng thu tinh cha 20 g bt ng(II)
oxit 400
0
C. Sau phn ng thu c 16,8 g cht rn.
a) Nu hin tng phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh hiu sut phn ng.
c) Tnh s lt kh hiro tham gia kh ng(II) oxit trn ktc.
s 6
Cu 1: a)Tnh khi lng ca hn hp kh gm 6,72 lt H
2
, 17,92 lt N
2
v 3,36 lt CO
2
b) Tnh s ht vi m ( phn t) c trong hh kh trn , vi N= 6.10
23
Cu 2: C 5,42 gam mui thu ngn clorua , c chuyn ho thnh Hg v Cl bng cch t
nng vi cht thch hp
thu c 4gam Hg.
a)Tnh khi lng clo kt hp vi 4g Hg ?
b)C bao nhiu mol nguyn t clo trong khi lng trn ?
c)C bao nhiu mol nguyn t Hg trong 4g Hg?
Trang 9
B dy hc sinh gii
d) T cu tr li (b) v (c) , hy tm cng thc ho hc ca mui thu ngn clorua trn ?
Cu 3 : Phng trnh phn ng: K
2
SO
3
+ HCl KC l+ H
2
O + SO
2
Cho 39,5 g K
2
SO
3
vo dung dch c 14,6g HCl .
a)Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc ?
b) Tnh khi lng cht tham gia phn ng cn tha trong dung dch ? C th thu
nhng kh di y vo bnh : H
2 ,
Cl
2 ,
NH
3 ,
CO
2 ,
SO
2
, CH
4

c) Bng cch :
t ng bnh :
t ngc bnh :
Cu 4 : Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau :
Al + Cl
2
----- AlCl
3
Na + H
2
O -----
NaOH + H
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl ----- FeCl
3
+ H
2
O FeS
2
+ O
2
-----
Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
Cu 5 : Tnh nng % v nng M ca dung dch khi ho tan 14,3 gam xa .
(Na
2
CO
3.
10H
2
O) vo 35,7 g nc . Bit th tch dd bng th tch nc .
Cu 6: Cho 2,8g mt hp cht A tc dng vi Ba ri clorua . Tnh khi lng Bari sunfat v
Natri clo rua to thnh. Bit :
-Khi lng Mol ca hp cht A l 142g
%Na =32,39% ; %S = 22,54% ; cn li l oxi ( hp cht A )
Cu 7: Mt cht lng d bay hi , thnh phn phn t c 23,8% C , 5,9% H, v 70,3% Cl , c phn t
khi bng 50,5 .
Tm cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn .
Cu 8:Trn ln 50g dung dch NaOH 8% vi 450g dung dch NaOH 20% .
a)Tnh nng phn trm dung dch sau khi trn ?
b)Tnh th tch dung dch sau khi trn , bit khi lng ring dung dch ny l 1,1g/ml ?
Cu 9: Cho 22g hn hp 2 kim loi Nhm v st tc dng vi dd HCl d .Trong nhm chim 49,1%
khi lng hn hp .
a)Tnh khi lng a xit HCl cn dng ?
b) Tnh th tch Hir sinh ra ?( ktc)
c) Cho ton b H
2
trn i qua 72g CuO nung nng . Tnh khi lng cht rn sau phn ng ?
Cu 10: C nhng cht kh sau : Nit , Cacbon ioxit ( kh Cacbonic) ,Neon (Ne l kh tr ) , oxi ,
metan (CH
4
)
Kh no lm cho than hng chy sng ? Vit PTHH
a)Kh no lm c nc vi trong ? Vit PTHH
b)Kh no lm tt ngn nn ang chy ? Gii thch
c)Kh no trong cc kh trn l kh chy ? Vit PTHH
Cu 11: t chy 1,3g bt nhm trong kh Clo ngi ta thu c 6,675g .hp cht
nhm clorua.
Gi s cha bit ho tr ca Al v Cl .
a)Tm CTHH ca nhm clorua ?
b)Tnh khi lng ca kh clo tc dng vi nhm ?
Cu 12: S phn ng : NaOH

+ CO
2
----------- Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
a)Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn ?
Trang 10
B dy hc sinh gii
b) Nu dng 22g CO
2
tc dng vi 1 lng NaOH va , hy tnh khi lng Na
2
CO
3
iu
ch c ?
c) Bng thc nghim ngi ta iu ch c 25g Na
2
CO
3
. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh thc
nghim ?
s 7
1/ Ho tan 50 g tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O th nhn c mt dung dch c khi lng
ring bng 1,1 g/ml. Hy tnh nng % v nng mol ca dung dch thu
c.
2/ Tnh lng tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O cn thit ho tan 400g CuSO
4
2%
thu c dd CuSO
4
c nng 1M(D= 1,1 g/ml).
3/ C 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4
. Dung dch A c nng 14,3M (D= 1,43g/ml). Dung
dch B c nng 2,18M (D= 1,09g/ml). Dung dch C c nng 6,1M (D=
1,22g/ml).
Trn A v B theo t l m
A
: m
B
bng bao nhiu c dung dch C.
S 3 : m
A
: m
B
= 3:5
4/ Ho tan m
1
g Na vo m
2
g H
2
O thu c dung dch B c t khi d. Khi
c phn ng: 2Na+ 2H
2
O -> 2NaOH + H
2
a/ Tnh nng % ca dung dch B theo m.
b/ Tnh nng mol ca dung dch B theo m v d.
c/ Cho C% = 16% . Hy tnh t s m
1
/m
2.
. Cho C
M
= 3,5 M. Hy tnh d.
5/ Ho tan mt lng mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ho tr II bng axit H
2
SO
4
14,7% . Sau khi cht kh khng thot ra na , lc b cht rn khng tan th
c dung dch cha 17% mui sunpht tan. Hi kim loi ho tr II l nguyn t
no.
6/ Tnh C% ca 1 dung dch H
2
SO
4
nu bit rng khi cho mt lng dung
dch ny tc dng vi lng d hn hp Na- Mg th lng H
2
thot ra bng 4,5% l-
ng dung dch axit dng.
7/ Trn 50 ml dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
vi 100 ml Ba(OH)
2
thu c kt ta A v
dung dch B . Lc ly A em nung nhit cao n hon ton thu -
c 0,859 g cht rn. Dung dch B cho tc dng vi 100 ml H
2
SO
4
0,05M th
tch ra 0,466 g kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ban u
S 7 : Tnh c C
M
dd Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
= 0,02M v ca Ba(OH)
2
= 0,05M
8/ C 2 dung dch NaOH (B1; B2) v 1 dung dch H
2
SO
4
(A).
Trn B1 vi B2 theo t l th tch 1: 1 th c dung dch X. Trung ho
1 th tch dung dch X cn mt th tch dung dch A.
Trn B1 vi B2 theo t l th tch 2: 1 th c dung dch Y. Trung ho 30ml
dung dch Y cn 32,5 ml dung dch A. Tnh t l th tch B1 v B2 phi trn
sao cho khi trung ho 70 ml dung dch Z to ra cn 67,5 ml dung dch A.
9/ Dung dch A l dd H
2
SO
4
. Dung dch B l dd NaOH. Trn A v B theo t
s
V
A
:V
B
= 3: 2 th c dd X c cha A d. Trung ho 1 lit dd X cn 40 g dd
KOH 28%. Trn A v B theo t s V
A
:V
B
= 2:3 th c dd Y c cha B d.
Trung ho 1 lit dd Y cn 29,2 g dd HCl 25%. Tnh nng mol ca A v B.
Hng dn s 7
Trang 11
B dy hc sinh gii
HD 1; Lng CuSO
4
= 50/250.160 = 32g -> n= 0,2 mol.
Lng dung dch 390+ 50= 440g-> C% = 7,27%.
Th tch dung dch = 440/1,1=400ml -> C
M
= 0,2/0,4 =0,5M
HD2: Gi lng tinh th bng a gam th lng CuSO
4
= 0,64a.
Lng CuSO
4
trong dung dch to ra = 400.0,02 + 0,64a = 8+ 0,064a.
Lng dung dch to ra = 400+ a.
Trong khi nng % ca dung dch 1M ( D= 1,1 g/ml) :
= 160.1/10.1,1 = 160/11% . Ta c: 8+ 0,64a/400+ a = 160/1100.
Gii PT ta c: a= 101,47g.
S 3 : m
A
: m
B
= 3:5
HD4: a/ 2Na+ 2H
2
O -> 2NaOH + H
2
nNa = m
1
/23 -> nH
2
= m
1
/46
-> lng DD B = m
1
+ m
2
- m
1
/23 = 22m
1
+ 23m
2
/23
Lng NaOH = 40m
1
/23 -> C% = 40. m
1
.100/22m
1
+ 23m
2
b/ Th tch B = 22m
1
+ 23m
2
/23d ml
-> C
M
= m
1
. d .1000/ 22m
1
+ 23m
2
.
c/ Hy t gii
HD5: Coi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
14,7%= 100g th n H
2
SO
4
= 0,15 . Gi KL
l R; ta c PT: RCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
-> RSO
4
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
N = 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
Lng RCO
3
= (R + 60). 0,15 + 100 (44 . 0,15)
= (R + 16) .0,15 +100
Ta c: (R+ 96).0,15/(R + 16) .0,15 +100 = 0,17 -> R = 24 -> KL l Mg.
HD6: Coi lng dung dch axit dng = 100 g th lng H
2
thot ra = 4,5 g.
2Na + H
2
SO
4
-> Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2

Mg + H
2
SO
4
-> MgSO
4
+ H
2
2Na + H
2
O -> NaOH + H
2
Theo PTP lng H
2
= lng H ca

H
2
SO
4
+ 1/2 lng H ca

H
2
O.
Do : nu coi lng axit = x g ta c:
x/98. 2 + 100 x /18 = 4,5 -> x = 30

S 7 : Tnh c C
M
dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
= 0,02M v ca Ba(OH)
2
= 0,05M
HD 8 : t b1 v b2 l nng 2 dung dch NaOH v a l nng dung
dch H
2
SO
4

- Theo gt: Trn 1 lt B1 + 1 lt B2 to -> 2 lt dd X c cha (b1+ b2) mol NaOH
Theo PT: H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH -> Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
2 lit dd H
2
SO
4
c 2a mol -> 4a .
Nn ta c: b1+ b2 = 4a
*

Trn 2 lt B1 + 1 lt B2 to -> 3 lt dd Y c cha (2b1+ b2) mol NaOH.
Trung ho 3 lt dd Y cn 3,25 lit dd H
2
SO
4
c 3,25a mol.
Nn: ta c: 2b1+ b2 = 6,5a
**
T * v ** ta c h PT: b1+ b2 = 4a
*

2b1+ b2 = 6,5a
**
Gii h PT ta c: b1 = 2,5a ; b2 = 1,5 a.
Trang 12
B dy hc sinh gii
Theo bi ra: trung ho 7l dung dch Z cn 6,75l dung dch A c 6,75a mol
H
2
SO
4
.
Theo PT trn ta c: s mol ca NaOH trong 7l dung dch Z = 6,75a.2= 13,5a.
Gi th tch 2 dd NaOH phi trn l: x,y (lt) ta c:
2,5ax + 1,5ay = 13,5a
v x + y = 7 -> x/y = 3/4
HD 9 : t nng mol ca dd A l a , dd B la b. Khi trn 3 l A (c 3a mol)
vi 2 lit B (c 2b mol) c 5 lit dd X c d axit. Trung ho 5 lit dd X cn
0,2.5 = 1molKOH -> s mol H
2
SO
4
d: 0,5 mol.
PT: H
2
SO
4
+ 2KOH -> K
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
b 2b
S mol H
2
SO
4
d = 3a b = 0,5*
Trn 2l dd A (c 2a mol) vi 3 lt ddB (c 3b mol) to 5 l dd Y c KOH d.
Trung ho 5 lit Y cn 0,2 .5 = 1 mol HCl
PT: H
2
SO
4
+ 2KOH -> K
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
2a 4a
Theo PTP: KOH d = 3b 4a = 1 **
T * v ** ta c h PT: 3a b = 0,5*

3b 4a = 1 **
Gii h PT ta c: a = 0,5 ; b = 1
s 8
1. Hy thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:
a. Fe Fe
3
O
4
Fe H
2

b. KClO
3
O
2
CuO H
2
O NaOH
c. H
2
O H
2
Fe FeSO
4
d. S SO
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
2. Cho cc nguyn t sau, nhng nguyn t no cng mt chu k:
A : 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
1
D: 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
2
3P
6
4S
1

B : 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
2
E : 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
2
3P
6
4S
2
C : 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
2
3P
5
F : 1S
2
2S
2
2P
6
3S
2
3P
6
3. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam mt hp cht A bng kh oxi , sau P thu c 2,24 lit CO
2
(
ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. Hy xc nh cng thc hp cht A (Bit t khi hi ca kh A so vi kh
hidro l 23).
4. iu ch H
2
ngi ta dng hn hp Al v Zn c s mol bng nhau tc dng va dd HCl
thu c 13,44 lt H
2

( ktc).
a. Tnh khi lng hn hp Al v Zn?
b. Tnh khi lng HCl trong dung dch?
5. kh hon ton a gam mt oxit kim loi A
x
O
y
phi cn 6,72 lt CO (ktc), sau P thu c
11,2 gam kim loi A. Hy lp PTHH dng tng qut v tm gi tr a ca oxit kim loi trn?
s 9
1. Hy thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:
a. H
2
H
2
O H
2
SO
4
H
2
Trang 13
B dy hc sinh gii
b. Cu CuO CuSO
4
Cu(OH)
2
c. Fe Fe
3
O
4
Fe H
2
FeCl
3
Fe(OH)
3
2. Cho cc nguyn t: A : 8p, 8n ; B: 8p,9n; C: 8e, 10n ; D: 7e,8n. Nhng nguyn t no cng
mt nguyn t ho hc? V sao?
3. Hy tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t oxi, st, Natri.
4. Khi nung vi cha 90% khi lng canxicacbonat thu c 11,2 tn canxi oxit v 8,8 tn
kh cacbonic. Hy tnh khi lng vi em phn ng?
5. Cho d
X/Y
= 2,125 v d
Y/O
2
= 0,5.Kh X v Y c thnh phn cc nguyn t nh sau:
Kh X: 94,12% S; %,885H. Kh Y: 75% C, 25% H.
Tm CTHH ca X , Y.
6. t chy hon ton 1 Kg thancha 90% C v 10% tp cht khng chy. Tnh khi lng
khng kh cn dngvi khi lng CO
2
sinh ra trong phn ng chy ny. Bit rng V
KK
= 5V
O
2
7. t chy mt hn hp Fe v Mg trong Mg c khi lng 0,84 gam cn dng ht 672ml O
2
( ktc).
a. Tnh khi lng hn hp ban u?
b. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi kim loi?
8. Cho 7,8 gam Zn vo dung dch axit sunfuric long cha 19,6 gam H
2
SO
4
.
a. Tnh V
H
2
thu c ( ktc). Bit th tch V
H
2
b hao ht l 5%.
b. Cn d bao nhiu cht no sau phn ng?
9. a. Cho mt hp cht oxit c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng: %O l 7,17%. Tm cng
thc oxit bit kim c ho tr II.
b. Dng CO hoc H
2
kh oxit kim loi thnh kim loi. Hi mun iu ch 41,4 gam kim
loi cn bao nhiu lit H
2
(ktc) hoc bao nhiu lit kh CO?
s 10
1.a. Trong mui ngm nc CuSO
4
.nH
2
O khi lng Cu chim 25,6 %. Tm cng thc ca mui
?.
b. Ha tan hon ton 3,9 gam kim loi X bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lit kh H
2
(ktc).
Tm kim loi X ?.
2. Cho mt lung H
2
d i qua 12 gam CuO nung nng. Cht rn sau phn ng em ha tan bng
dung dch HCl d thy cn li 6,6 gam mt cht rn khng tan. Tnh hiu sut phn ng kh
CuO thnh Cu kim loi ?.
3. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam mt hp cht bng kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lit CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam nc. Tnh khi lng tng nguyn t c trong hp cht trn?.
4. vi c phn hy theo PTHH: CaCO
3

CaO + CO
2
Sau mt thi gian nung thy lng cht rn ban u gim 22%, bit khi lng vi ban u
l 50 gam, tnh khi lng vi b phn hy?.
5. Cho 4,64 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Cu, Mg, Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,2
gam kh H
2
v 0,64 gam cht rn khng tan.
a. Tnh t l phn trm v khi lng ca 3 kim loi trong hn hp trn?
b. Tnh khi lng mi mui c trong dung dch?
6. Mt loi vi cha 85% CaCO
3
v 15% tp cht khng b phn hy nhit cao. Khi nung
mt lng vi thu c mt cht rn c khi lng bng 70% khi lng trc khi
nung.
Trang 14
B dy hc sinh gii
a. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO
3
?
b. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng CaO trong cht rn sau khi nung?
P N s 10
1.a Ta c
4 2
.
uSO C nH O
M =
64 100%
250
25, 6%
Ta c
64 32 (16.4) .18 250 5 n n + + +
Vy CTHH l CuSO
4
.5H
2
O (1 )
1.b
2
1, 344: 22, 4 0.06( ) mol
H
m

Gi n l ha tr ca kim loi X 2 X + 2n HCl
2 XCl
n
+ n H
2
S mol
0, 06 2 0,12
( ) X mol
n n

Ta c:
0,12
. 3, 9 32, 5. X X n
n

V kim loi thng c ha tr n = 1, 2 hoc 3
n = 1 X= 32,5 (loi)
n = 2 X= 65 (Zn)
n = 3 X= 97,5 (loi)
Vy kim loi X l Zn (1 )
2. Ta c PTHH: CuO + H
2

0
t
Cu + H
2
O
80 g 64 g
12 g x g?
Lng Cu thu c trn l thuyt:
12 64
9, 6( )
80
x g

Theo bi, cht rn sau phn ng ha tan bng HCl d thy cn 6,6 gam cht rn khng tan,
chng t lng Cu to ra phn ng trn l 6,6 gam.
6, 6
100% 68, 75%
9, 6
H
(1,5)
3. Khi lng nguyn t C trong hp cht:
2, 24 12
1, 2( )
22, 4
C
g
m

Khi lng nguyn t H trong hp cht:
2, 7 2
0, 3( )
18
H
g
m

Khi lng nguyn t O trong hp cht:
2, 3 (1, 2 0, 3) 0,8( )
O
g
m
+
1,5)
4. Lng cht rn ban u gim 22% chnh l khi lng CO
2
thot ra.
Khi lng CO
2
thot ra:
2
22 50
11( )
100
g
CO
m

PTHH: CaCO
3

0
t
CaO + CO
2
100g 44g
xg? 11g
Khi lng vi b phn hy:
11 100
25( )
44
x g

(1,5)
5. V Cu khng tham gia phn ng vi HCl nn 0,64 gam cht rn khng tan chnh l khi lng
ca Cu.
Khi lng hn hp Fe v Mg l: 4,64 0,64 = 4 (g)
Gi x l s gam Fe
(4 x) l s gam Mg
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl
FeCl
2
+ H
2

Trang 15
B dy hc sinh gii
56 g 2 g
x g
2.
56
x
g
Mg + 2 HCl
MgCl
2
+ H
2

24 g 2 g
(4-x) g
2(4 )
24
x
g
T 2 PTHH trn ta c:
2.
56
x
+
2(4 )
24
x
= 0,2 Gii PT ta c x = 2,8 = m
Fe
T l % v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp: %Fe =
2, 8
100% 60, 34%
4, 64

T l % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp: %Cu =
0, 64
100% 13, 79%
4, 64

T l % v khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp:
%Mg = 100% - (60,34%+13,79%) = 25,87% (2)
6.a PTHH: CaCO
3

0
t
CaO + CO
2
(1)
100 g 56 g 44 g
Gi s lng vi em nung l 100g, trong cha 85% CaCO
3
th lng cht rn sau khi
nung l 70g.
Khi lng gim i chnh l khi lng CO
2
v bng: 100 70 = 30 (g)
Theo (1): Khi 44g CO
2
thot ra l c 100g CaCO
3
b phn hy.
30g CO
2
thot ra l c x g CaCO
3
b phn hy
b. Khi lng CaO to thnh l:
56 30
38, 2( )
44
g
Trong 70 g cht rn sau khi nung cha

38,2g CaO
Vy % CaO l:
38, 2
100% 54, 6%
70

(1,5)
s 11
Bi 1: Ngi ta dn qua 1 bnh cha 2 lit dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,075M tt c l-
ng kh cacbonic iu ch c bng cch cho axit clohidric (d) tc dng vi
25,2 gam hn hp Canxi cacbonat v Magie cacbonat. Sau p c mui no -
c to thnh v khi lng l bao nhiu?
Bi 2: Khi cho t t lung kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, ngi ta nhn
thy ban du dung dch tr nn c, sau trong dn v cui cng trong
sut. Hy gii thch hin tng trn v vit ptp minh ho.
Bi 3: C dung dch NaOH, kh CO
2
, ng ong chia v cc cc thu
tinh cc loi. Hy trnh by phng php iu ch dung dch Na
2
CO
3
tinh
khit.
Bi 4: Thm t t dung dch HCl vo 10 gam mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr
II, sau 1 thi gian thy lng kh thot ra vut qu 8,585 gam. Hi l
mui kim loi g trong s cc kim loi cho di y? Mg; Ca; Cu; Ba
Trang 16
B dy hc sinh gii
Bi 5: Mt loi cha MgCO
3
, CaCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
. Lng Al
2
O
3
bng 1/8 tng khi
lng 2 mui cacbonat. Nung nhit cao ti phn hu hon ton thu
c cht rn A c khi lng bng 60% khi lng trc khi nung.
1. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong trc khi nung.
2. Mun ho tan hon ton 2g cht rn A cn ti thiu bao nhiu ml
dung dch HCl 0,5M?
s 12
Trang 17
B dy hc sinh gii
Trang 18
B dy hc sinh gii
p n s 12
Cu 1: (1,00)
Tnh
2 4
dd
1, 6 400 640( )
H SO
m g
,
2 4
15 640
96( )
100
H SO
m g

,
2 4
96
0, 98( )
98
H SO
n g ;
(0,5)
Gi x l s lt nc thm vo dung dch dd mi: x + 0,4 (400ml = 0,4l)
Ta c
0, 98
1, 5 1, 5 0, 38 0, 253( )
0, 4

+
M
n
C x x l
V x

Vy s lt nc cn thm vo l 0,253 lt (0,5)
Cu 2: (3,00)
2
3, 384 12
% 100% 92, 29%
44 1
CO
m C

;
(0,25) ,
2
0, 694 1
% 2 100% 7, 71%
18 1
H O
m H

;
(0,25)
%O = 100% (92,29% + 7,71%) = 0 % Khng c oxi (0,5)
A ch c C v H CTHH dng C
x
H
y
(0,25)
92, 29 7, 71
: : 1:1
12 1
x y
(0,25)
Cng thc n gin (CH)
n
(0,25 Ta c M
A
= 29
2,69
;
78 (0,25)
(CH)
n
=78 13n = 78 n = 6 (0,5)
Vy CTPT ca A l C
6
H
6
(0,5)
Cu 3: (2,00)
a. Bn knh nguyn t H ln hn bn knh ca ht nhn:
9
4
13
30 10
6.10 60000
5 10
ln (0,5)
Bn knh ca ht nhn phng i l
6
3( )
2
cm
Bn knh ca nguyn t tng ng l: 3
60000 = 180000 (cm) (0,5)

b. Th tch ca nguyn t H:
3 9 3
4 4
3,14 (5, 3.10 )
3 3
V r

(0,5)
Khilng ca nguyn t H coi nh bng khi lng proton, nn khi lng ring c
27
3
9 3
1, 6726.10
2, 68( / )
4
3,14 (5, 3.10 )
3
m Kg
D g cm
V

(0,5)
Cu 4: (1,00) Dng qu tm: NaOH H
2
SO
4
, HCl NaCl, BaCl
2

xanh khng i mu qu ( 0,25)
(I) (II)
Ly 1 mu (I) ln lt + 1 mu (II) sinh ra kt ta trng th l H
2
SO
4
v BaCl
2
PTHH: H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2 HCl (0,5)
(trng)
Mu axit cn li l HCl v mu mui cn li l BaCl
2
(0,25)
Cu 5: (3,00)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Zn v Al
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
x x
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
(0,5)
y 1,5y
Trang 19
B dy hc sinh gii
Ta c h: 65x + 27y = 17,3
(1)
x + 1,5y =
15, 68
22, 4

(2)
(0,5) Gii h ta c: x = 0,1 , y = 0,4
(0,25)
m
Zn
= 6,5
6, 5
% 100% 37, 57%
17, 3
Zn
(0,25) m
Al
= 10,8
10, 8
% 100% 62, 43%
17, 3
Al
(0,25)

2
136 0,1 13, 6( )
ZnCl
m g
(0,25)
3
133, 5 0, 4 53, 4( )
AlCl
m g
(0,25)

2
(0,1 0, 6) 2 1, 4( )
H
m g +
m
ddsp
= (17,3 + 400) 1,4 = 415,9(g) (0,25)
2
13, 6
% 100% 3, 27%
415, 9
ZnCl
(0,25) 3
53, 4
% 100% 12,84%
415, 9
AlCl
(0,25)
s 13
Cu 1: (2 im) Cn bng cc phn ng ho hc sau
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

Fe
2
O
3
+ CO Fe + CO
2

Fe
x
O
y
+ CO Fe + CO
2

P
2
O
5
+ H
2
O H
3
PO
4

Cu 2: (2 im) Nung 15 kg vi thnh phn chnh l CaCO
3
thu c
7,28 kg Canxioxit(CaO) v 5,72kg CO
2
. Hy xc nh t l phn trm v
khi lng ca CaCO
3
trong vi.
Cu 3: (4 im) Vit cng thc ho hc v xc nh phn t khi ca
cc hp cht sau: Ca(II) v O; N(III) v H; Fe(II) v gc SO
4
(II); Fe(III) v gc
SO
4
(II).
Cu 4: (2 im ) Bt nhm chy theo phn ng:
Nhm + kh oxi Nhm xit(Al
2
O
3
)
a, Lp phng trnh ho hc.
b, Cho bit khi lng nhm phn ng l 54 gam; v khi lng nhm oxit
sinh ra l 102 gam. Tnh khi lng kh oxi dng.
(Bit: Ca=40; N=14;H=1;S=32;O=16;Fe=56)
s 14
Trang 20
B dy hc sinh gii
Bi 1: a) Khi cho hn hp Al v Fe dng bt tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4
, khuy k phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch ca 3 mui tan v cht kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng, cho bit thnh phn dung dch v kt ta gm nhng cht no?
b) Khi cho mt kim loi vo dung dch mui c th xy ra nhng phn ng ho hc g ? Gii
thch ?
Bi 2: C th chn nhng cht no khi cho tc dng vi 1 mol H
2
SO
4
th c:
a) 5,6 lt SO
2
b) 11,2 lt SO
2
c) 22,4 lt SO
2
d) 33,6 lt SO
2
Cc kh o ktc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bi 3: t chy mt t bt ng trong khng kh mt thi gian ngn. Sau khi kt thc phn ng
thy khi lng cht rn thu c tng ln
1
6
khi lng ca bt ng ban u. Hy xc nh
thnh phn % theo khi lng ca cht rn thu c sau khi un nng
Bi 4: a) Cho oxit kim loi M cha 65,22% kim loi v khi lng. Khng cn bit l kim
loi no, hy tnh khi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
19,6% ti thiu cn dng ho tan va ht 15 g
oxit
b) Cho 2,016g kim loi M c ho tr khng i tc dng ht vi oxi, thu c 2,784g cht rn.
hy xc nh kim loi
Bi 5: Cho 10,52 g hn hp 3 kim loi dng bt Mg, Al, Cu tc dng hon ton vi oxi, thu
c 17,4 g hn hp oxit. Hi ho tan va ht lng hn hp oxit cn dng t nht bao
nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1,25M
Bi 6: C 2 chic cc trong mi chic cc c 50g dung dch mui nitrat ca mt kim loi cha
bit. Thm vo cc th nht a (g) bt Zn, thm vo cc th hai cng a (g) bt Mg, khuy k cc
hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng em lc tch cc kt ta
t mi cc, cn khi lng cc kt ta , thy chng khc nhau 0,164 g. em un nng cc kt
ta vi lng d HCl, thy trong c 2 trng hp u c gii phng H
2
v cui cng cn li
0,864 g kim loi khng tan trong HCl d
Hy xc nh mui nitrat kim loi v tnh nng % ca dung dch mui ny
( Cho: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Mg = 24, Zn = 65, Fe = 56, Al = 27, S = 32, Cu = 64)
P N s 14
Bi 1: a) Th t hot ng ca cc kim loi Al > Fe > Cu
Ba mui tan l Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeSO
4
v CuSO
4
cn li
2Al + 3CuSO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Cu
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Dung dch gm: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeSO
4
, CuSO
4
cn d. Kt ta ch l Cu vi s mol bng s mol
CuSO
4
ban u
b) Xt 3 trng hp c th xy ra:
- Nu l kim loi kim, Ca, Ba:
Trc ht cc kim loi ny tc dng vi nc cadung dch cho baz kim, sau baz kim
tc dng vi mui to thnh hiroxit kt ta
V d: Na + dd CuSO
4
: Na + H
2
O
NaOH +
1
2
H
2
2NaOH + CuSO
4
Cu(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
Trang 21
B dy hc sinh gii
- Nu l kim loi hot ng hn kim loi trong mui th s y kim loi ca mui ra khi dung
dch
V d: Zn + FeSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Fe
- Nu kim loi yu hn kim loi ca mui: phn ng khng xy ra
V d Cu + FeSO
4

khng phn ng
Gii thch: Do kim loi mnh d nhng in t hn kim loi yu, cn ion ca kim loi yu li
d thu in t hn
Bi 2: a) nSO
2
=
5, 6
22, 4
= 0,25 mol
nH
2
SO
4
: nSO
2
= 1 : 0,25 = 4 : 1
2FeO + 4H
2
SO
4

Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
b) nH
2
SO
4
: nSO
2
= 2 : 1
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4

CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
c) nH
2
SO
4
: nSO
2
= 1 : 1
C + 2H
2
SO
4

CO
2
+ 2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
d) nH
2
SO
4
: nSO
2
= 2 : 3
S + 2H
2
SO
4

3SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Bi 3: 2Cu + O
2

2CuO
128g 32g 160g
Nh vy khi phn ng oxi ho Cu xy ra hon ton th khi lng cht rn thu c tng ln:
32
128
=
1
4
. Theo u bi, sau phn ng khi lng cht rn thu c tng ln 1/6 khi lng Cu
ban u, tc l Cu cha b oxi ho ht, thu c hn hp gm CuO v Cu cn d
Gi s lm th nghim vi 128g Cu. Theo bi s g oxi phn ng l:
128
6
= 21,333g
Theo PTHH ca phn ng s g Cu phn ng vi oxi v s g CuO c to thnh l:
mCu =
128
.
32
21,333 = 85,332g ; mCuO =
160
32
. 21,333 = 106,665g
S g Cu cn li l: 128 85,332 = 42,668g
%Cu =
42, 668
149, 333
. 100 = 28,57% ; %CuO = 71,43%
Bi 4: a) t kim loi v khi lng mol nguyn t ca n l M, ho tr n.
Theo bi ta c:
2
2 16
M
M n +
= 0,6522
M = 15n
M
2
O
n
= 2M = 16n = 46n (g)
M
2
O
n
+ nH
2
SO
4
M
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nH
2
O
Theo phn ng ho tan 1 mol oxit (tc 46n)g cn n mol H
2
SO
4
.
ho tan 15g oxit cn
46
n
n
.15 = 0,3261 mol H
2
SO
4
m
dd
=
100
19, 6
.0,3261 . 98 = 163,05g
b) t k hiu kim loi v khi lng mol nguyn t ca n l M, ho tr n ta c:
4M + nO
2
2M
2
O
n
4 4 32
2, 016 2, 784
M M n +

M = 21n . Xt bng: vi n = 1, 2, 3
Trang 22
B dy hc sinh gii
n 1 2 3
M 21 42 63
Vi s liu bi cho khng c kim loi no to nn oxit c ho tr t 1 n 3 tho mn c.
Vy M phn ng vi oxit theo 2 ho tr, th d: theo ho tr 2 v 3 (ho tr 8/3). Nh bit: Fe
to Fe
3
O
4
, Mn to Mn
3
O
4
, Pb to Pb
3
O
4
. V vy khi n = 8/3
M = 56
Kim loi chnh l Fe v oxit l Fe
3
O
4
Bi 5: t x, y, z l s mol ca Mg, Al, Cu trong 10,52g hn hp
2Mg + O
2

2MgO
x 0,5x x
4Al + 3O
2

2Al
2
O
3
y 0,75y 0,5y
2Cu + O
2

2CuO
z 0,5z z
MgO + 2HCl
MgCl
2
+ H
2
O
x 2x
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl
2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
0,5y 3y
CuO + 2HCl
CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
z 2z
T cc PTP trn ta thy s mol kh oxi tc dng vi kim loi lun bng s mol axit dng
ho tan va ht lng oxit kim loi c to thnh. Theo u bi s mol oxi tc dng vi
cc kim loi to thnh hn hp oxit l:

17, 4 10, 52
32
= 0,125mol
S mol HCl cn dng ho tan va ht lng hn hp oxit : 0,125 . 4 = 0,86 mol
Th tch dung dch HCl 1,25M cn dng:
0,86
1, 25
= 0,688 lt
Bi 6: t kim loi to mui nitrat l M, ho tr n. Cc PTP xy ra trong 2 cc l:
nZn + 2M(NO
3
)
n
nZn(NO
3
)
n
+ 2M (1)
nMg + 2M(NO
3
)
n
nMg(NO
3
)
n
+ 2M (2)
t s mol mui M(NO
3
)
n
trong mi cc l x
S mol Zn v Mg: nZn =
65
a
; nMg =
24
a

nMg > nZn
Khi lng kt ta cc nhng thanh Zn l: xM + a -
.65
2
n
x
Khi lng kt ta cc nhng thanh Mg l: xM + a -
.24
2
n
x
(xM + a -
.24
2
n
x
) (xM + a -
.65
2
n
x
) = 32,5nx 12nx = 0,164
20,5nx = 0,164
nx = 0,008
Khi cho kt ta tc dng ln lt vi dung dch HCl d, thy gii phng hir chng t Mg, Zn
d, cui cng cn li 0,864g kim loi khng tan l M vi s mol l x
Mx = 0,864 ; nx = 0,008
M = 108n. Xt bng:
n 1 2 3
Trang 23
B dy hc sinh gii
M 108 216 324
Ag loi loi
Vy kim loi M l: Ag ; nAg = 0,008
C% =
0, 008.170
50
. 100 = 2,72%
s 15
Cu 1: (2 im): Chn p n ng.
1. 0,5 mol phn t ca hp cht A c cha: 1 mol nguyn t H ; 0,5 mol nguyn t S v 2 mol
nguyn t O. Cng thc ha hc no sau y l ca hp cht A?
A. HSO
2
B. H
2
SO
3
C. H
2
SO
4
D. H
2
S
3
O
4
2. Mt kim loi R to mui Nitrat R(NO
3
)
3
. mui sunfat ca kim loi R no sau y c vit
ng?
A. R(SO
4
)
3
B. R
2
(SO
4
)
3
C. R(SO
4
)
2
D. R
3
(SO
4
)
2
Cu 2( 1, 5 im). Hy ghp cc s 1, 2, 3, 4 ch th nghim v
cc ch A, B, C, D, E ch hin tng d on xy ra thnh tng cp
cho ph hp.
Th nghim Hin tng xy ra trong v sau phn
ng.
1 Hidro kh ng (II) oxit B. Ngn la mu xanh nht, c git nc
nh bm thnh bnh
2 Canxi oxit phn ng vi n-
c. Sau phn ng cho
giy qu tm vo dung
dch thu c.
C Cht rn mu to thnh. Thnh
ng nghim b m i.
3 Natri phn ng vi nc c
thm vi git
phenolphtalein.
D Phn ng mnh lit. Dung dch to
thnh lm giy qu tm ho xanh
E Git trn chy trn mt nc, dung
dch c mu hng.
Cu 3: (2,5 im): Chn cht thch hp han thnh phng trnh phn
ng:
1. H
2
O +-------> H
2
SO
4
2. H
2
O + ..------> Ca(OH)
2
3. Na +.. -------> Na(OH)
2
+ H
2
4. CaO + H
3
PO
4
-----> ? + ?
Trang 24
B dy hc sinh gii
5. ? ---------> ? + MnO
2
+ O
2

Cu 4 (6 im)
1. Cho cc cht: KMnO
4
, CO
2
, CuO, NaNO
3
, KClO
3
, FeS, P
2
O
5
, CaO. Hi trong s cc cht
trn, c nhng cht no:
a) Nhit phn thu c O
2
?
b) Tc dng c vi H
2
O, vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long ,vi dung dch NaOH, lm c nc
vi, vi H
2
khi nung nng to thnh cht c mu ?
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2.Vit mt phng trnh phn ng m trong c mt 4 loi cht v c c bn.
Cu 5 (8 im)
1. Ch t 1,225 gam KClO
3
v 3,16 gam KMnO
4
, hy

nu cch tin hnh c th iu ch
c nhiu O
2
nht. Tnh th tch kh O
2
ktc. (Khng c dng thm cc ha cht khc)
2. Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam CaO vo H
2
O ta c dung dch A. Cho kh CO
2
sc qua dung
dch A, sau th nghim thy c 2,5 gam kt ta.Tnh th tch CO
2
phn ng ktc
p n s 15
Cu p n im
Cu
1
1.c; 2B 2 im
Cu
2
1.c; 2d; 3.e 1,5 im
Cu
3
H
2
O + SO
3

H
2
SO
4
H
2
O + CaO

Ca(OH)
2
2Na + 2H
2
O

2NaOH + H
2
3CaO + 2H
3
PO
4

Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2
O
2KMnO
4

0 t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
O,5
O,5
O,5
O,5
O,5
Cu
4
1. a) Nhng cht nhit phn ra kh O
2
l : KMnO
4
, NaNO
3
, KClO
3

2KMnO
4

o
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
NaNO
3

o
t
NaNO
2
+ O
2
KClO
3

o
t
KCl +3/2O
2
( xc tc MnO
2
)
b) Nhng cht tc dng c vi H
2
O l: P
2
O
5
, CaO
P
2
O
5
+3 H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
c) Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long l: CuO,FeS,
P
2
O
5
, CaO
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
FeS + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
S
P
2
O
5
+3 H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
2. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
axit baz mui oxit
2
2
2
Trang 25
in
phn
A xit
sunfuaric
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu
5
Trn ln KClO
3
vi KMnO
4
ri em nhit phn, MnO
2
c to thnh do
KMnO
4
nhit phn s lm xc tc cho phn ng nhit phn KClO
3
1
1
2 KMnO
4

0
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
316 g 22,4 l
3,16 g V
1
l

V
1
= 0,224 (lt)
1
KClO
3

0
2
,t MnO
KCl + 3/2 O
2
122,5 g 33,6 l
1,225 g V
2
l

V
2
= 0,336 (lit)
1
Tng th tch kh O
2
l : V = V
1
+ V
2
= 0,224 + 0,336 = 0,56 (lt)
Ch : Nu th sinh tnh ng p s nhng khng trn ln 2 cht vi
nhau th khng cho im, v bi ny khng cho xc tc MnO
2
. Mt
khc, bi yu cu tnh lng O
2
ln nht ch khng phi tnh lng
O
2
do tng cht to ra.
1
2
Phng trnh phn ng:

CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
(1)
Dung dch A l dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, s mol Ca(OH)
2
= s mol CaO =
11,2/56 = 0,2 (mol)
Khi cho kh CO
2
vo A, c th xy ra cc phn ng sau:
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
(2)
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(3)
1
S mol CaCO
3
= 2,5/100 = 0,025 (mol)
S mol Ca(OH)
2
= 0,2 (mol)
V s mol CaCO
3
< s mol Ca(OH)
2
nn c th c 2 trng hp
1
Trng hp 1: Ca(OH)
2
d, ch xy ra (2), s mol CO
2
tnh theo s mol
CaCO
3
= 0,025 mol
Th tch CO
2
= 0,025 .22,4 = 0,56 (lt)
1
Trng hp 2: To c 2 mui CaCO

3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
t x, y ln lt l s mol CO
2
tham gia (1) v (2).
- S mol CaCO
3
l 0,025. Ta c: x = 0,025 (*)
- S mol Ca(OH)
2
l 0,2. Ta c: x + 0,5y = 0,2 (**)
T (*) v (**)
y = 0,35
Tng s mol CO
2
= x + y = 0,025 + 0,35 = 0,375
Th tch CO
2
= 0,375 . 22,4 = 8,4 (lt)
1
s 16
Cu 1 : (1) Cc dy cht sau, dy no ton l o xt ?
a, H
2
O , CaO , Na
2
O , SiO
2
, P2O
5
, NO
b, CaCO
3
, CO
2
, SO
2
, MgO, HClO, NaOH
c, SO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, NO
2
, Al
2
O
3
, PbO, Ag
2
O
d, Tt c u sai.
Trang 26
in
phn
A xit
sunfuaric
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 2 : (3) Lp phng trnh ho hc cc phn ng sau v m ngoc ghi
loi phn ng hc bn cnh phng trnh :
a, Km + a xt clohiric
km clorua + hiro
b, Nhm + oxi nhm xit
c, Kali Clorat Ka li Clorua + Oxi
d, St + ng Sun fat
St Sun fat+ ng
e, Cac bon + nc Cacbon Oxit + hi ro
g, Kali pemanganat Kali manganat + mangan iox
h, Nc hiro +Oxi
Cu 3: C 4 bnh ng ring bit cc cht kh :
Khng kh, O
2
, H
2
, CO
2
. Bng th nghim no c th bit c cht kh
mi bnh?
Cu 4: Cho bit kim loi Na, Mg, A1 ln lt tc dng vi dung dch Hcl
a, Nu cng mt lng (s mol) kim loi trn tc dng vi a xit Hcl, kim loi no
cho nhiu kh H
2
hn?
b, Nu thu c cng lng kh H
2
th khi lng kim loi no t hn?
Cu 5: Ho tan 10,2(g) hn hp Al v Mg vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ....thu
c 11,2 LH
2
(ktc) .
Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u v % khi lng ca
chng ?
Cu 6: Cho 5,4 g kim loi (M) ho tr III tc dng va vi 395,2 g dung
dch H
2
SO
4
long. Dung dch mui sau phn ng c nng 8,55% v thu
c 0,6(g) H
2
p n s 16
Cu 1: a
Cu 2: a, Zn + 2Hcl - Zuc
l2
+H
2

(Phn ng th)
b, 4AL + 302 2AL
2
O
3
(Phn ng ho hp, phn ng Oxi ho kh), 2Kclo
3
2Kcl +302 (Phn ng phn hu)
d,Fe + CuSO4 FeSO
4
+Cu (Phn ng th)
e, C+H
2
O Co
2
+H
2
(Phn ng th, phn ng oxi ho kh)
g, 2 KMu0
4
K
2
MnO
4
+MuO
2
+O
2
(Phn ng phn hu)
h, H
2
O 2H
2
+O
2
(Phn ng phn hu)
Trang 27
0
, xt
cao
in
phn
A xit
sunfuaric
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 3: - Dn mi kh lng bnh ra, que m chy cn tn
ming ng dn kh thy :
+ Kh no lm tn m bng chy l oxi Phng trnh C+O
2
- Co
2
- Ba kh cn li em t, kh no chy trong khng kh c ngn la xanh
nht l H
2
Phng trnh : 2H
2
+O
2
. 2H
2
O
- - Hai kh cn li dn vo nc vi trong khi no lm nc vi trong vn c
nhanh l Co2 , cn li l khng kh .
Cu 4:
a, Na, Mg, Al u cng c mt lng tc l cng c s mol bng nhau l
a(mol)
2Na+ 2HCl - 2 NaCl +H
2

amol ...........
Mg + 2HCl - MgCl + I+2
amol amlo
2Al + 6HCl - 2AlCl3 + 3H
2
amol amol
T (1) nH2 =
2
a
(mol) , T (2) NH2 = a (mol) , T (3) NH2 =
2
3a
(mol)
- So snh ta thy : Cng lng kim loi th Al Sinl ra H
2
nhiu nht
b, Nu thu c cng lng H
2
l b (mol)
2Na + 2Hcl - 2Nacl + H
2

2b mol bmol
- nNa = 2b(mol), mNa = 2bx23 = 46b (g)
Mg + 2Hcl - Mg Cl
2
+H
2

b mol b mol
- nMg = b mol , mMg = 24 b(g)
2Al + 6Hcl - 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

3
2
b mol
- nAl =
3
2b
mol , mAl =
3
2b
molx 27 = 18 b (g) So snh ta c :
18b<24b<46b
Vy cng thu c lng H
2
nh nhau th cn t nht l s gam Al, ri n Mg,
cui cng l Na.
Trang 28
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 5: nH
2
=
4 , 22
2 , 11
= 0,5 (mol)
Gi x l s mol H
2
sinh ra do Al tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
long th 0,5 - x l s mol
H
2
sinh ra do Mg tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
lng
Phng trnh ho hc 2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
- Al
2
(SO
4
)3 + 3H
2

3
2x
mol
- nAl =
3
2x
mol, mAl =
3
2x
x 27 = 18 x(g)
Mg +H
2
SO
4
l - MgSO
4
+H
2

(0,5-x)mol = (0,5-x) mol
mMg =(0,5 - x ) 24 = (12-24x)g T (1) (2) v ta c 18x +12-24x
= 12,2 , x =0,3
- mAl = 18x = 18 x0,3 = 5,4 (g) - mMg = 10,2 - 5,4 = 4,8 (g)
% Al =
2 , 10
% 100 . 4 , 5
= 52,94% % Mg= 100% - 52,94% = 47,6%
Cu 6: Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
Mdd mui = M kim loi M +MddH
2
SO
4
- MH
2
= 5,4 +395,2 - 0,6 = 400(g)
- Dung dch mui c C% = 8,55% , M mui =
% 100
% MddxC
=
100
400 55 , 8 x

= 34,2 (g)
Phng trnh ho hc 2M +3H
2
SO
4
- M
2
(SO
4
)3 +3H
2

2, M(g) (2M+288)g
5,4(g) 43,2 (g)
Ta c
4 , 5
2M
=
2 , 34
288 2 + M
-
7 , 2
M
=
1 , 17
144 + M
, 17,1M = 2,7M+388,8 , M=
4 , 14
8 , 388
=
27(g) , M= 27 l nhm (Al)
b, nAl =
27
4 , 5
= 0,2(mol)
2Al+ 3H
2
SO
4
- Al
2
(SO
4
)3+3H
2
o,2 mol o,3 mol
- nH
2
SO
4
= 0,3 mol , mH
2
SO
4
= 0,3 x98 = 29,4 (g) , C% H
2
SO
4
=
2 , 395
100 4 , 29 x
= 7,44%
s 17
Trang 29
B dy hc sinh gii
I- phn trc nghim: (3 im) La chn p n ng.
1) Nguyn t Agon c 18 proton trong ht nhn. S lp electron v s
electron lp ngoi cng tng ng l:
A- 2 v 6 B- 3 v 7 C- 3 v 8 D- 4 v 7
2) Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t R l 28, trong
s ht khng mang in chim khong 35,7%. S n v in tch ht
nhn bng:
A- 9B- 10 C- 11 D- 12
3) Trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 8 proton, cn nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c 13 proton. Hp cht ng gia X v Y l:
A- YX
2
B- Y
2
X C- Y
2
X
3
D- Y
3
X
2
4) Ly mt khi lng cc kim loi km, nhm, magie, st ln lt tc dng vi
dung dch axit sunfuric long. Cc kim loi tc dng ht vi axit th kim loi
no cho nhiu hiro nht:
A- Km B- Nhm C- Magie D- St
5) Trong mt phn t mui st clorua cha 2 loi nguyn t st v clo.
Phn t khi ca mui l 127 vc. S nguyn t st v clo trong mui ny
ln lt l:
A. 1 v 1 B. 1 v 2 C. 1 v 3 D. 2 v 3
6) Cho cc oxit sau: CaO; SO
2
; Fe
2
O
3
; MgO;Na
2
O; N
2
O
5
; CO
2
; P
2
O
5
.
Dy oxit no va tc dng vi nc va tc dng vi kim.
A. CaO; SO
2
; Fe
2
O
3
; N
2
O
5
. B . MgO;Na
2
O; N
2
O
5
; CO
2
C. CaO; SO
2
; Fe
2
O
3
; MgO; P
2
O
5
. D. SO
2
; N
2
O
5
; CO
2
; P
2
O
5
.
ii- phn t lun (17 im)
Cu 1(3 im) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ? Cho bit
phn ng no l phn ng xi ho - kh ? Cht no l cht kh ? V sao?
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ ?
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> ? + Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + H
2
----> Fe + ?
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + ?
Cu 2 (4 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H
2
(ktc) qua m gam oxit st Fe
x
O
y
nung nng. Sau phn
ng c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn nng 28,4 gam (phn
ng xy ra hon
ton). 1/ Tm gi tr m?
2/ Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi
lng st n cht.
Cu 3 (4 im) t chy 16 gam cht X cn dng 44,8 lt xi (
ktc) Thu c kh CO
2
v hI nc theo t l s mol 1: 2.
Tnh khi lng kh CO
2
v hi nc to thnh?
Cu 4(6 im)Hn hp gm Cu-Mg-Al c khi lng bng 10 g
a, Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi dd HCl d , lc phn kt ta ra sch em
nung trong khng kh n khi phn ng hon ton thu c sn phm c
khi lng 8g.
Trang 30
B dy hc sinh gii
b, Cho thm dd NaOH vo phn nc lc n d . Lc kt ta ra sch nung
nhit cao thu c sn phm c khi lng 4g .
Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?
p n s 17
I/ phn trc nghim: (3 im) (Chn ng mi p n cho 0,5 im)
Cu 1 Cu 2 Cu 3 Cu 4 Cu 5 Cu 6
C A B B B D
Cu 1(3 im)
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2

o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8 SO
2
(0,5 )
6KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
3K
2
SO
4
+ 2Al(OH)
3
(0,5)
FeO + H
2

o
t
Fe + H
2
O (0,5)
Fe
x
O
y
+ (y-x) CO
o
t
xFeO + (y-x)CO
2
(0,5)
Cc phn ng (1) (3)(4) l phn ng oxi hoa kh (0,5)
Cht kh l FeS
2
, H
2
, CO, Al v chng l cht chim oxi ca cht khc.
(0,5)
Cu 2 (4 im):
a/ S mol H
2
= 0,4 mol ( 0,25)
S mol nc 0,4 mol ( 0,25)
=> s mol oxi nguyn t l 0,4 mol ( 0,25)
=> m
O
= 0,4 x16 = 6,4 gam ( 0,25)
Vy m = 28,4 + 6,4 = 34,8 gam (0,5)
Fe
x
O
y
+y H
2

o
t
xFe+ y H
2
O (0,5)
0,4mol 0,4mol
b/ mFe = 59,155 x 28,4= 16,8 gam (0,5)
=>Khi lng oxi l m
O
= 34,8 16,8 = 18 gam
(0,5)
Gi cng thc oxit st l Fe
x
O
y
ta c x:y = mFe/56 : mO /16 (0,5)
=> x= 3, y= 4 tng ng cng thc Fe
3
O
4
(0,5)
Cu 3 (4 im)
Phng trnh phn ng: X + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
( 0,5)
Ta c m
X
+
2
O
m
=
2 2
CO H O
m m +
=
44,8
16 .32 80
22, 4
g +
(0,5)
V
2
2
1
2
O
CO
H
n
n

Tc t l khi lng
2
2
1.44 11
2.18 9
CO
H O
m
m

(1)
Vy khi lng CO
2
=
80.11
44
11 9
g
+
; (1)
Khi lng H
2
O =
80.9
36
11 9
g
+
(1)
Cu 4(6 im)
Trang 31
B dy hc sinh gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:( Vit ng mi phng trnh cho 0,1 im)
a, Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
(1)
2 Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ H
2
(2)
2Cu + O
2
2 CuO (3)
b, MgCl
2
+ 2NaOH Mg(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl (4)
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl (5)
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O (6)
t
0
Mg(OH)
2
MgO + H
2
O (7)
Theo phn ng (3) c n
Cu
=

n
CuO
=
8
0,1( )
80
mol Do khi lng ca ng
l: 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 ( g)
Suy ra %Cu =
6, 4
.100% 64%
10
(1)
Theo cc phn ng (1), (4), (7) ta c n
Mg
= n
MgO
=
4
0,1( )
40
mol
Khi lng Mg l : 0,1 . 24 = 2,4 (g) Nn %Mg =
2, 4
.100% 24%
10

(1)
%Al = 100% - ( 64% + 24%) = 12% (1)
s 18
1) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ? Cho bit mi phn ng
thuc loi no ? V sao ?
a) KMnO
4

to
? + ? + ?
b) Fe + H
3
PO
4
? + ?
c) S + O
2

to
?
d) Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
t0
Fe
3
O
4
+ ?
2) Mt oxit kim loi c thnh phn % khi lng ca oxi l 30%. Tm cng
thc oxit bit kim loi c ho tr III ?
3) Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch nhit phn
KMnO
4
hoc KClO
3
. Hi khi s dng khi lng KMnO
4
v KClO
3
bng nhau
th trng hp no thu c th tch kh oxi nhiu hn ? V sao ?
4) t 12,4 (g) pht pho trong kh oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 21,3 (g)
iphtphopentaoxit. Tnh.
a) Th tch kh O
2
(ktc) tham gia phn ng) ?
b) Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ?
Trang 32
B dy hc sinh gii
5) nhit 100
0
C tan ca NaNO
3
l 180g, 20
0
C l 88g. Hi c bao
nhiu gam NaNO
3
kt tinh li khi lm ngui 560g dung dch NaNO
3
bo ho
t 100
0
C xung 20
0
C ?
6) Cho X l hn hp gm Na v Ca. m
1
(g) X tc dng va vi V (l) dung
dch HCl 0,5M thu c 3,36 (lt) H
2
(ktc). m
2
(g) X tc dng va vi
10,8 (g) nc. Tnh:
a) T l khi lng m
1
/ m
2
?
b) Nu cho m
2
(g) X tc dng va vi V dung dch HCl th nng mol/
l ca dung dch HCl dng l bao nhiu ?
Cho bit H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5;
Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Ba = 107
s 19
Cu 1 (1,5 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng
sau:
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + H
2
----> Fe + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
5/ Al + Fe
3
O
4
----> Al
2
O
3
+ Fe
V cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh ?Cht no l cht kh?
Cht no l cht oxi ha?Ti sao?
Cu 2(1,5 im): Trnh by phng php nhn bit cc dung dch ng
trong 4 l mt nhn sau:Nc, Natri hixit, Axit clohiric, Natriclorua. Vit
phng trnh phn ng minh ho nu c.
Cu3(1,0 im):Cho cc oxit c cng thc sau: SO
3
, Fe
2
O
3
,K
2
O, N
2
O
5
, CO
2
.
1/ Nhng oxit no thuc loi oxit axit, oxitbaz? v sao?
2/ c tn tt c cc oxit. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc oxit axit.
Cu 4 (2,0 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H
2
x
O
y
nung nng. Sau phn ng c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn
nng 28,4 gam (phn ng xy ra hon ton).
1/ Tm gi tr m?
2/ Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi lng
st n cht.
Cu 5 (2,5 im): 11,2 lt hn hp X gm hiro v mtan CH
4
(ktc) c
t khi so vi oxi l 0,325. t hn hp vi 28,8 gam kh oxi. Phn ng xong,
lm lnh hi nc ngng t ht c hn hp kh Y.
Trang 33
B dy hc sinh gii
1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra. Xc nh % th tch cc kh trong
X?
2/ Xc nh % th tch v % khi lng ca cc kh trong Y.
Cu 6(1,5 im): Tnh khi lng NaCl cn thit pha thm vo
200,00gam dung dch NaCl 25% thnh dung dch 30%.
Cho: Fe = 56; Al = 27; Mg = 24;Na = 23 ; Zn = 65; C =12; O = 16 ; Cl =
35,5.
p n s 19
CU 1 1,5
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8 SO
2
(1)
6KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
3K
2
SO
4
+ 2Al(OH)
3
(2)
FeO + H
2
Fe + H
2
O (3)
Fe
x
O
y
+ (y-x)CO xFeO + (y-x)CO
2
(4)
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+9Fe (5)
Cc phn ng (1) (3)(4)(5) l phn ng oxi hoa kh
Cht kh l FeS
2
, H
2
, CO, Al v chng l cht chim oxi ca cht khc
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,25
0,25
Cu 2 1,5
Rt cc dung dch vo 4 ng nghim tng ng Bc 1 dng qu tm

nhn bit ra NaOH lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh v HCl lm qu tm
chuyn mu
Bc 2 cho dung dch 2 ng nghim cn li khng lm qu tm i mu
dung cho bay hi nc ng ng nc s bay hi ht ng ng dd NaCl cn
li tinh th mui .
0,5
0,5
0,5
Cu 3 1,5
Oxit SO
3
, N
2
O
5
, CO
2
,l oxit axit v tng ng vi chng l axit H
2
SO
3
, HNO
3
H
2
CO
3
ngoi ra chng cn c kh nng tc dng vi baz v oxit baz
Oxit Fe
2
O
3
,K
2
O l oxit baz v tng ng vi chng l axit Fe(OH)
3
KOH
ngoi ra chng cn c kh nng tc dng vi dd axit
Tn ln lt ca cc oxit l :kh sunfur,st (III)oxit kalioxit ,kh
nitpentaoxit,kh cc bonic
Cng thc cu to ca chng l (v ngoi)
0,5
0,5
0,25
Trang 34
B dy hc sinh gii
0,25
Cu 4 2,0
S mol H
2
= 0,4 mol a/=> s mol oxi nguyn t l 0,4 mol
S mol nc 0,4 mol => mO = 0,4 x16 = 6,4 gam
Vy m = 28,4 + 6,4 = 34,8 gam
Fe
x
O
y
+y H
2
xFe+ y H
2
O
0,4mol 0,4mol
b/ mFe = 59,155 x 28,4= 16,8 gam=>Khi lng oxi l mO = 34,8
16,8 = 18 gam
x
O
y
ta c x:y = mFe/56 : mO /16=> x= 3, y=
4 tng ng cng thc Fe
3
O
4
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,5
0,25
Cu 5 2,5
M
TB
= 0,325 x 32=10,4 gam n
hhkhi
= 11,2 :22,4= 0,5 mol
p dng phng php ng cho ta c
CH
4
16 8,4 3phn
10,4
H
2
2 5,6 2phn
=>s mol nCH
4
= 0,3mol s mol nH
2
= 0,2mol
1,0
0,25
0,75
0,5
%CH
4
= 0,3/0,5 x 100%=60% , %H
2
= 100%-60% = 40%
S mol kh oxi nO
2
=28,8:32= 0,9mol
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O
0,2mol 0,1mol
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,3mol 0,6mol 0,3mol
Hn hp kh cn trong Y gm CO
2
v kh O
2(d)
nO
2
d = 0,9 (0,6 + 0,1) = 0,2 mol , nCO
2
= 0,3 mol
%V CO
2
= 0,3/ 0,5 x 100% = 60% , %VO
2
= 0,2/ 0,5 x 100% = 40%
mCO
2
= 0,3 x44=13,2 gam , mO
2
= 0,2 x 32 = 6,4gam
% mCO
2
= 13,2/19,6 x 100% =67,34% , % mO
2
= 6,4/19,6 x 100% =
32,66%
Cu 6 1.0
Trang 35
B dy hc sinh gii
Khi lngNaCl c trong dung dch ban u l , mNaCl = 25%x200=50
gam
gi lng NaCl thm vo l x ta c khi lng NaCl = (50+ x) , mdd = (200+
x)
p dng cng thc tnh nng C% x= (200x5):70 = 14,29 gam
0,5
0,5
s 20
3
+ 3H
2
; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl
2 FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
; d) CH
4
+ 2 O
2

SO
2
+ 2 H
2
O
a) C
4
H
9
OH + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; b) C
n
H
2n - 2
+ ?
CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) KMnO
4
+ ? KCl + MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
d) Al + H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
sunfuric.
(gi s cc nguyn t oxi trong kh sunfuric tch ra v lin kt vi nhau to
thnh cc phn t oxi).
3
kh oxi thu c
4,48 dm
3
kh CO
2
v 7,2g hi nc.
A v gi tn A.
oxit 400
0
p n s 20
Trang 36
B dy hc sinh gii
Bi p n Thang
im
Trang 37
B dy hc sinh gii
1(3
)
1(1
)
a) ng, v ng tnh cht 0,125 +
0125
b) Sai, v P ny khng to ra FeCl
3
m l FeCl
2
hay l sai 1 sn phm
0,125 +
0125
c) Sai, v khng c P xy ra 0,125 +
0125
d) Sai, v C bin thnh S l khng ng vi L
BTKL
0,125 +
0125
2(1
)
a) . VD: Oxit do PK to nn l SO
3
tng ng vi
axit H
2
SO
4
Oxit do KL trng thi ho tr cao to nn l CrO
3
tng ng vi axit H
2
CrO
4
0,25 + 0,25
d) . VD: Na
2
O tng ng vi baz NaOH
FeO tng ng vi baz Fe(OH)
2
0,25 + 0,25
3(1
)
a) C
4
H
9
OH + 6 O
2
4 CO
2
+ 5 H
2
O
0,25
b) 2 C
n
H
2n - 2
+ (3n 1) O
2
2n CO
2
+
2(n-1) H
2
O
0,25
c) 2 KMnO
4
+ 16 HCl 2 KCl + 2 MnCl
2
+
5 Cl
2
+ 8 H
2
O
0,25
d) 2 Al + 6 H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3 SO
2
+ 6 H
2
O
0,25
2(1
)
n
SO3
= 16: 80 = 0,2 mol; n
O
= 0,2 .3 = 0,6 mol. 0,25 + 0,25
C 2 O lin kt vi nhau to nn 1 O
2
=> 2 mol O ---------------------------- 1 mol O
2

Vy: n
O2
= (0,6.1): 2 = 0,3 mol
0,25 + 0,25
3(3
)
@- HD: c 6 ln x 0,5 = 3 .
* S P chy: A + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; m
O
trong O
2
=
g 8 , 12 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
96 , 8
(
;
* m
O sau P
= m
O
(trong CO
2
+ trong H
2
O) =
g 8 , 12 16 ). 1 .
18
2 , 7
( 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
a) Sau phn ng thu c CO
2
v H
2
O => trc P c cc
nguyn t C, H v O to nn cc cht P.
Theo tnh ton trn: tng m
O sau P
= 12,8 g = tng m
O
trong O
2
.
Vy A khng cha O m ch do 2 nguyn t l C v H
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
Trang 38
B dy hc sinh gii
to nn.
m
A

P
= m
C
+ m
H
=
g 2 , 3 1 ). 2 .
18
2 , 7
( 12 ). 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
b) Ta c: M
A
= 8.2 = 16 g; t CTPT cn tm l C
x
H
y
vi x, y nguyn dng
M
A
= 12x + y = 16g => phng trnh: 12x + y =
16 (*)
T l x: y= n
C
: n
H
=
x 4 y
4
1
y
x
hay 4 : 1 8 , 0 : 2 , 0 ) 2 .
18
2 , 7
( : ) 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( >
thay vo (*):
12x + 4x = 16 x= 1 => y = 4. Vy CTPT ca A l
CH
4
, tn gi l metan.
0,5
4(3
)
PTP: CuO + H
2

C 400
0
Cu + H
2
O ;
a) Hin tng P: Cht rn dng bt CuO c mu en dn
dn bin thnh mu (Cu)
0,5
0,5
b) Gi s 20 g CuO P ht th sau P s thu c
g 16
80
64 . 20
cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn thu

c theo u bi => CuO phi cn d.
- t x l s mol CuO P, ta c m
CR sau P
= m
Cu
+ m
CuO cn d
=
x.64 + (m
CuO ban u
m
CuO P
)
= 64x + (20
80x) = 16,8 g.
=> Phng trnh: 64x + (20-80x) =16,8 16x = 3,2
x= 0,2. => m
CuO P
= 0,2.80= 16 g
Vy H = (16.100%):20= 80%.
0,5
0,5
0,5
c) Theo PTP: n
H2
= n
CuO
= x= 0,2 mol. Vy: V
H2
=
0,2.22,4= 4,48 lt
0,5
s 21
Cu1 (2): 1, Nguyn t X c tng cc ht l 52 trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 16 ht.
a)Hy xc nh s p, s n v s e trong nguyn t X.
b) V s nguyn t X.
c) Hy vit tn, k hiu ho hc v nguyn t khi ca nguyn t X.
2, Nguyn t M c s n nhiu hn s p l 1 v s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10.Hy xc nh M l nguyn
t no?
Cu 2 (2): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
Trang 39
B dy hc sinh gii
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
Cu3 (2): Tnh s phn t : a, Ca 0,25 mol Fe
2
O
3
b, Ca 4,48 lt Cacbnc (ktc).
c, Ca 7,1 gam kh Clo.
Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 42,9% C v 57,1% O theo khi lng.
a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/H
2
= 14.
b, Tnh khi lng ca 1,12 lt kh A ( ktc).
Cu5 (2): t chy 16g mt cht X cn dng 44,8 lt kh Oxi(ktc )
thu c kh CO
2
v hi nc theo t l mol l 2 : 1 .Tnh khi lng kh CO
2
v
khi lng H
2
O to thnh.
s 22
Cu1 (2): 1, Tng s ht p ,e ,n trong nguyn t l 28 ,trong s
ht khng mang in chim xp x 35% .Tnh s ht mi loa .V s
cu to nguyn t .
2, Bit tng s ht p,n,e trong mt nguyn t l 155. s ht
mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Tm p,n,e,NTK
ca nguyn t trn ?
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
2
O
3
Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 82,76% C v 17,24% H theo khi lng.
a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/ KK = 2.
thu c kh CO
2
2
v
khi lng H
2
O to thnh.
s 23
I/ Phn trc nghim khch quan (4,0 im)
Chn mt p n ng trong 4 phng n mi cu ri ghi vo bi lm:
1) Nguyn t Agon c 18 proton trong ht nhn. S lp electron v s
electron lp ngoi cng tng ng l:
A- 2 v 6 B- 3 v 7 C- 3 v 8 D- 4 v 7
2) Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t R l 28, trong
s ht khng mang in chim khong 35,7%. S n v in tch ht
nhn bng:
Trang 40
B dy hc sinh gii
A- 9B- 10 C- 11 D- 12
3) Lnh vc p dng quan trng nht ca kh oxi l:
A- S h hp B- t nhin liu trong tn la C- S t
nhin liu D- C A v C
4) Trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 8 proton, cn nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c 13 proton. Hp cht ng gia X v Y l:
A- YX
2
B- Y
2
X C- Y
2
X
3
D- Y
3
X
2
no cho nhiu hiro nht:
II/ Phn t lun (16,0 im)
Bi 1 (3,0 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
5/ C
x
H
y
COOH + O
2
----> CO
2
+ H
2
O
Bi 2 (3,0 im): Nu cc th d chng minh rng oxi l mt n cht phi
kim rt hot ng (c bit nhit cao). Trn c s hy so snh
vi tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n cht hiro. Vit phng trnh minh
ho.
Bi 3 (3,0 im): Cho cc oxit c cng thc sau: SO
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, K
2
O, N
2
O
5
,
Mn
2
O
7
, NO.
Bi 4 (3,0 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H
2
x
O
y
1/ Tm gi tr m?
st n cht.
Bi 5 (4,0 im): 17,92 lt hn hp X gm hiro v axetilen C
2
H
2
(ktc) c
t khi so vi nit l 0,5. t hn hp vi 51,2 gam kh oxi. Phn ng xong,
1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra.
2/ Xc nh % th tch v % khi lng ca Y.
Cho: Fe = 56; Al = 27; Mg = 24; Zn = 65; C =12; O = 16
s 24
Bi 1 (1,5 im) Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc s phn ng sau:
Trang 41
B dy hc sinh gii
1) KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
2) Fe
x
O
y
+ CO
0
t
FeO + CO
2
3)C
n
H
2n-2
+ ?
CO
2
+ H
2
O. 4)FeS
2
+ O
2

Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
5) Al + HNO
3

Al(NO
3
)
3
+ N
2
O + H
2
O
Bi 2: (1,5 im)Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc l ha cht b mt nhn gm:
CaO; P
2
O
5
; MgO v Na
2
O u l cht bt mu trng ?
Bi 3:(2,5 im)
t chy hon ton 4,48 lt H
2
trong 3,36 lt O
2
.Ngng t sn phm thu c cht lng A v kh
B .Cho ton b kh B phn ng ht vi 5,6 gam Fe thu c hn hp cht rn C. Ho tan ton b
cht rn C vo dung dch cha 14,6 gam HCl thu c dung dch D v kh E.
Xc nh cc cht c trong A,B,C,D,E. Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong A, C v s mol cc
cht c trong dung dch D.
Bit : 3Fe + 2O
2

0
t
Fe
3
O
4

Fe + 2HCl
FeCl
2
+ H
2

Fe
3
O
4
+ 8 HCl
FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
(Cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun )
Bi 4: (2,25 im)
Mt hn np kh ca Nit gm: NO, NO
2
; N
x
O bit thnh phn phn % v th tch cc kh trong
hn np l: %V
NO
= 50% ;
2
% 25%
NO
V
. Thnh phn % v khi lng NO c trong hn hp l
40%. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca kh N
x
O
.

Bi 5: (2,25 im)
Nung 400gam vi cha 90% CaCO
3
phn cn li l tr. Sau mt thi gian thu c cht
rn X v kh Y
a.Tnh khi lng cht rn X bit hiu sut phn hu CaCO
3
l 75%
b. Tnh % khi lng CaO trong cht rn X v th tch kh Y thu c ( KTC)
s 25
Cu 1: (3) Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu m em cho l ng.
1.Dy cng thc sau ton l oxt, axt:
A. C0
2
; H
2
0; F
e 2
0
3;
P
2
0
5
B. C0
2
; S0
3
; M
n
0
7
; C
r
0
3
C. C
u
0; S0
3
; C
a
O ; P
2
0
5
D. N
a
0; S0
2
; N
2
0
3
; Al
2
0
3
2. t chy hon ton 1g n cht x cn 0,7 lt kh 0
2
( iu kin TC)
vy x l:
Trang 42
B dy hc sinh gii
A. Cc bon B. Lu hunh C. St D. Pht
pho
3.Khi cho x lin kt vi oxi c cng thc X
2
0
3
, Y lin kt vi hyr c
cng thc HY
Nu X lin kt vi Y c cng thc no trong cc cng thc sau:
A: XY B: X
2
Y
3
C: XY
3
D: X
3
Y
E: X
2
Y
Cu 2: (5) Cho s phn ng sau:
a.F
e
S
2
X Y Z C
u
S0
4
A + M,t
0
+G B
b. A +N, t
0
F
e

A +Q, t
0
+H C
Bit: A + HCl B + C + H
2
0
Tm cc cht c k hiu bng cc ch ci v hon thnh cc phng
trnh ho hc .
Cu 3: (2) Mt kim loi A (cha r ho tr ) c t l khi lng oxi l 3/7%A.
tm cng thc oxt kim loi .
Cu 4 : (4) t chy hon ton 15g hn hp gm CH
4
v C0 trong khng
kh thu c 16,8 lt C0
2
(ktc)
a. Tnh % khi lng cc kh trong hn hp bn u.
b. Tnh th tch khng kh cn dng.
Cu 5 : (6) t chy hon ton m
1
gam nc ho tan va 16g kali oxt
(K
2
0). Bit t l s mol n
CO2
: n
H2O
to thnh l: 1: 2
a. Tnh khi lng m
1
ca hp cht X dng.
b.Tnh th tch kh CO
2
p n s 25
Cu 1: (3)
1: B (1)
Trang 43
B dy hc sinh gii
2: B (1)
3: C (1)
Cu 2: (3)
a. S phn ng
F
e
S
2
SO
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4
C
u
SO
4
(1)
t
o

4F
e
S
2
+ 11O
2
2F
e
O
3
+ 8SO
2
(0,5)
2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3
(0,5)
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
(0,5)
C
u
O + H
2
SO
4
C
u
SO
4
+ H
2
O (0,5)
b.F
e3
O
4
+ CO, t
O
+Cl
2
F
e
Cl
3
(1)
F
e2
O
4
+Al, t
o
F
e
F
e2
O
4
+ H
2
, t
O

+HCl F
e
Cl
2
F
e3
O
4
+ 4CO 3F
e
+ 4CO
2
(0,25)
3F
e3
O
4
+ 8Cl 9F
e
+ 4AlO
3
(0,25)
F
e3
+ 4H
2
3F
e
+ 4H
2
O (0,25)
2F
e
+ 3Cl
2
F
e
Cl
2
+ H
2
(0,25)
F
e
+ 2HCl F
e
Cl
2
+ H
2
(0,25)
F
e3
O
4
+ 8HCl 2F
e
Cl
3
+ F
e
Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O (0,5)

Cu 3: (2) Gi A l nguyn t kim loi, tng s phn oxi v kim loi A l
3/7% + % A = 10/7%
Mt khc %0 + % A = 100% %A = 70% (2)
%0 = 30%
Nu gi n l ho tr ca A ta c cng thc oxt A
2
O
n
ta c t l v khi l-
ng
Trang 44
B dy hc sinh gii
2A = 16n A = 56n (0,5)
Kim loi thng c gi tr t 1 n 3
n 1 2 3
A 18,7 37,3 56
Chn n = 3 A l F
e
(F
e
= 56) (0,5)
Cu 4: (4)
Phng trnh ho hc sy ra
CH
4
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O (1) (0,5)
2CO + O
2
2CO
2
(2) (0,25)
S mol ca CO
2
thu c (ktc)
n
CO2
= 16,8
=
0,75 (mol) (0,25)
22,4
Nu gi x l s mol ca CO
2
phng trnh (1) Y l s mol phng
trnh (2) ta c:
x+ y = 0,75 (a) (0,25)
Theo phng trnh ho hc (1) n
CH4
= n
CO2
= x (mol)
Theo PTHH (2) n
CO
= n
CO2
= y (mol)
Theo bi ra ta c: 16x + 28y = 15 (g) (b) (0,5)
T (a) va (b) ta c x = 0,25 (0,5) y = 0,5
a. Phn trm v khi lng cc kh hn hp ban u m
CH4
= 16 . 0,25 = 4g
% CH
4
= 4/15 . 100% = 26,66% (0,5) % CO = 100% - 26,66%
= 73,34% (0,5)
b. T phng trnh ho hc ta c :
CH
4
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,25mol 0,25 mol
2CO + O
2
2CO
2
Trang 45
B dy hc sinh gii
1/2 . 0,5mol 0,5 mol
Vy th tch oxi cn dng (ktc) V
02
= (0,25 + 1/2 .0,5) 22,4 =
11,2 (1) (0,5)
V trong khng kh oxi chim 1/5 v th tch Nn V
kk
= 11,2 x 5 = 56
(1) (0,5)
Cu 5: a)S mol ca oxi, K
2
O cn dng l
VO
2
= V
kk
= 22,4 = 4,48 (0,5)
5 5
n
02
= 4,48 = 0,2 (mol)
22,4
m
02
= 0,2 . 32 = 6,4 (g)
n
k20
= 16,8 0,2(mol) (0,5)
84
Theo ra ta c x + O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (1) (0,5)
Theo lBTKL m
x
+ m
O2
+ m
H2O
(0,5)
K
2
O + H
2
O 2KOH (2) (0,5)
1mol 1mol 1mol
x = 0,2 . 1 = 0,2 mol (0,5)
1
m
H2O
= 0,2 . 18 = 3,6 (g) m
2
= 3,6 (g) (0,5)
T (1) m
CO2
= 0,1 . 44 = 4,4 (g) (theo gi thuyt ) (3)
N
CO2
: n
H2O
= 1: 2) (0,5)
T (1) v (2) v (3) m
X
= (m
CO2
+ m
H2O
) M
x
= (4,4 + 3,6) - 6,4
= 1,6 (g) (1) Vy m
1
= 1,6 (g)
b) Th tch kh CO
2
thu c ktc l V
CO2
= 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (1)
(1) ./.
s 26
Cu 1: (2 im)
Trang 46
B dy hc sinh gii
a)c tn cc cht sau :
K
2
O :
MgCl
2
:
NaNO
3
:
Al(OH)
3
:
b)Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht sau:
St(II) oxit :
Axit sunfur :
Km hirxit :
Ch Cacbonat :
Cu 2 : ( 1im)
Ni ct A vi ct B cho ph hp :
A) B)
T khi i vi khng kh : Khi lng mol ca cht
kh
2 78,3
1,74 32
2,7 50,5
1,52 44,1
58
Cu 3: (3 im)
a)Tnh khi lng ca hn hp kh gm 6,72 lt H
2
, 17,92 lt N
2
v 3,36 lt CO
2
?
b) Tnh s ht vi m ( phn t) c trong hn hp kh trn , vi N= 6.10
23
?
Cu 4: ( 2im)
C 5,42 gam mui thu ngn clorua , c chuyn ho thnh Hg v Cl bng cch t
nng vi cht thch hp thu c 4gam Hg .
a,Tnh khi lng clo kt hp vi 4g Hg ?
b,C bao nhiu mol nguyn t clo trong khi lng trn ?
c,C bao nhiu mol nguyn t Hg trong 4g Hg?
T cu tr li (b) v (c) , hy tm cng thc ho hc ca mui thu ngn clorua trn ?
( Cho bit Hg = 200 , Cl = 35,5)
Cu 5 : ( 2im)
K
2
SO
3
+ HCl ------ KCl + H
2
O + SO
2
Cho 39,5 g K
2
SO
3
vo dung dch c 14,6g HCl .
a.Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc ?
b,Tnh khi lng cht tham gia phn ng cn tha trong dung dch ?
p n 26
Cu3:(3im)
a) Khi lng H
2 :
( 6,72 : 22,4) x 2 = 0,6(g) (0,5)
a) Khi lng N
2 :
(17,92: 22,4) x 28 = 22,4(g) (0,5)
a) Khi lng CO
2 :
( 3,36 : 22,4) x 44 = 0,6(g) (0,5)
a) Khi lng hn hp : 0,6 + 22,4 + 6,6 = 29,6(g) (0,5)
S ht vi m (phn t ) trong hn hp :
(6,72 + 17,92 + 3,36) : 22,4 x 6.10
23
=7,5.10
23
(pt) (1)
Trang 47
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu4:(2im)
a) m
cl
= 5,42 4 = 1,42(g) (0,5)
b) n
cl
= 1,42 : 35,5 = 0,04 (mol) (0,5)
c) n
Hg
= 4 : 200 = 0,02 (mol) (0,5)
d) n
Hg
: n
Cl =
0,02 : 0,04 = 1 : 2
CTHH : HgCl
2
(0,5)
Cu5:(2im)
a) K
2
SO
3
+ 2HCl 2KCl + H
2
O + SO
2

(0,25)
nK
2
SO
3
= (39,5 : 158) = 0,25 (mol) (0,25)
nHCl

= (14,6: 36,5) = 0,4 (mol) (0,25)
0,25 0,4
T l s mol > K
2
SO
3
d , th tch SO
2
tnh theo
HCl
1 2 (0,25)
Th tch SO
2
(ktc) :
22,4 x 0,2 = 4,48 (l) (0,5)
b) n K
2
SO
3
d : 0,25 0,2 = 0,05 (mol)
m K
2
SO
4
d : 0,05 x 158 = 7,9(g) (0,5)
s 27
Cu 1: (2 im)
Cng thc ho hc no ng ,cng thc ho hc no sai , sa cng thc sai .
K
2
O , Fe
3
O
2
, Al(OH)
3
, MgCl
2 ,
Na(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
S
CTHH ng CTHH sai Sa CTHH sai
Cu 2: (1 im)
C th thu nhng kh di y vo bnh : H
2 ,
Cl
2 ,
NH
3 ,
CO
2 ,
SO
2
, CH
4
Bng cch :
t ng bnh :.
t ngc bnh :
Cu 3 : (2im) Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau :
Al + Cl
2
----- AlCl
3
Na + H
2
O ----- NaOH + H
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl ----- FeCl
3
+ H
2
O
FeS
2
+ O
2
----- Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
Cu 4 : ( 2 im)
Tnh nng % v nng M ca dung dch khi ho tan 14,3 gam xa (Na
2
CO
3.
10H
2
O) vo 35,7 g nc . Bit th tch dung dch bng th tch nc .
Trang 48
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 5: ( 3 im)
Cho 2,8g mt hp cht A tc dng vi Ba ri clorua . Tnh khi lng Bari sunfat v
Natri clo rua to thnh . Bit :
-Khi lng Mol ca hp cht A l 142g
- %Na =32,39% ; %S = 22,54% ; cn li l oxi ( hp cht A )
s 28
I)PHN TRC NGHIM : (3im)
Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu ca phng n em cho l ng .
Cu 1: (0,5 im)
Nguyn t cacbon c khi lng bng 1,9926.10
-23g
. Khi lng tnh bng ca nguyn
t
Nat ri l :
A. 3,82 . 10
-23
g B. 3,82 . 10
-22
g
C. 3,82 . 10
-21
g D.Tt c u sai .
Cu2 : ( 0,5im)
Hy la chn dy CTHH ng ca cc hp cht :
A) N
3
H , Al
2
O
3 ,
H
2
S , NO
2
, CO
2
B) NH
3
, Al
2
O
3 ,
H
2
S , NO
2
, CO
3
C) NH
3
, Al
2
O
3 ,
H
2
S , N
2
O
5
, CO
D) NH
3
, Al
3
O
2 ,
H
2
S , N
2
O
5
, CO
2
Cu 3: (0,5 im)
Cho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguyn t X vi S(II) v hp cht ca nguyn t Y vi H
nh
sau : X
2
S
3 ,
YH
3
,
Hy chn cng thc ho hc ng trong cc hp cht ca Xv Y sau y :
A) X
2
Y , B) XY
2
, C) XY , D) X
3
Y
2

Cu 4: (0,5 im)
Cho s d phn ng sau :
Fe(OH)
y
+ H
2
SO
4
----------- Fe
x
(SO
4
)
y
+ H
2
O
Hy chn x,y bng cc ch s thch hp no sau y lp c PTHH trn ( bit x =
y )
A) x =1 , y =2 B) x = 2 , y = 3
C) x =3 , y =1 D) Tt c u sai .
Cu 5: ( 0,5im)
Cho hn hp gm 2 mui A
2
SO
4
v BSO
4
c khi lng 44,2 g tc dng va vi 62,4g
BaCl
2
trong dung dch th cho 69,9g kt ta Ba SO
4
v 2

mui tan . Khi lng 2 mui tan sau
phn ng l :
A) 36,8g , B) 36,7 g , C) 38 g , D) 40g
Cu 6: (0,5im)
Khi t chy 1 mol cht x cn 2,5 mol O
2
th thu c 2 mol kh CO
2 v
1 mol nc . Cht x
c cng thc phn t no sau y :
A)C
2
H
4
, B) C
2
H
2
, C) C
2
H
6
, D) C
4
H
10

I)PHN T LUN : (7im)
Cu 1: (1 im)
Mt cht lng d bay hi , thnh phn phn t c 23,8% C , 5,9% H , v 70,3% Cl , c phn
Trang 49
B dy hc sinh gii
t khi bng 50,5 . Tm cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn .
Cu 2: (3 im)
Trn ln 50g dung dch NaOH 8% vi 450g dung dch NaOH 20% .
a, Tnh nng phn trm dung dch sau khi trn ?
b,Tnh th tch dung dch sau khi trn , bit khi lng ring dung dch ny l 1,1g/ml ?
Cu 3: (3 im)
Cho 22g hn hp 2 kim loi Nhm v st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d . Trong nhm
chim 49,1% khi lng hn hp .
a)Tnh khi lng a xit HCl cn dng ?
b) Tnh th tch Hir sinh ra ?( ktc)
c) Cho ton b H
2
trn i qua 72g CuO nung nng . Tnh khi lng cht rn sau phn ng ?
p n s 28
Cu 1 : A
Cu 2 : C
Cu 3 : C
Cu 4 : B
Cu 5 : B
Cu 6 : B
s 29
I)PHN TRC NGHIM : (4im)
Cu 1: (3 im)
Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu ca phng n em cho l ng .
1/ Nu cho cng s mol mi kim loi : K , Ca , Al , ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit
HCl
th kim loi no cho nhiu Hidro hn ?
A) Al , B) Ca
,
C) K , D) Al v K

2/ Cho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguyn t A vi S(II) v hp cht ca nguyn t B vi O
nh sau : AS, B
2
O
3
. Hy chn cng thc ho hc ng trong cc hp cht ca A v B sau y :
A) AB , B) A
2
B
2

,
C) A
3
B
2
, D) A
2
B
3
3/ S phn ng :
Al(OH)
y
+ H
2
SO
4
----------- Al
x
(SO
4
)
y
+ H
2
O
Hy chn x,y bng cc ch s thch hp no sau y lp c PTHH trn ( bit x =
y )
A) x =3 , y =1 B) x = 1 , y = 2
C) x =2 , y =3 D) x =3 , y = 2
4/ Nguyn t Cacbon c khi lng bng 1,9926.10
23
g
Khi lng thc ca nguyn t oxi tnh ra gam c th l :
A/ 2,6568 .10
22
g B/ 2,6 .10
23
g
C/ 1,328.10
22
g D/ 2,6568 .10
23
g
5/ Hy la chn dy cng thc ho hc ng ca cc hp cht :
A/ Fe(NO
3
)
2
, CuCl
2
, NaSO
4
, Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
B/ Fe(NO
3
)
3
, CuCl
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
C/ Fe(NO
3
)
2
, CuCl
2
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(PO
4
)
2
D/ Fe(NO
3
)
2
, CuCl
2
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
Trang 50
B dy hc sinh gii
6/ Trong mui ngm nc Na
2
CO
3 .
xH
2
O , Na
2
CO
3
chim 37,07% v khi lng , x c
gi
tr l :
A) 9 , B) 8
,
C) 7 , D) 10
Cu2 : ( 1im)
Hy in ch vo ca cu ng , ch S vo ca cu sai .
a) Trong khng kh c nguyn t oxi tn ti dng t do .
b) Trong khng kh c nguyn t oxi .
c) Kh Sunfur to bi nguyn t lu hunh v nguyn t oxi .
d) Kh Sunfur to bi 2 nguyn t lu hunh v oxi .
I)PHNT LUN: (6im)
Cu 1: (2 im)
C nhng cht kh sau : Nit , Cacbon ioxit ( kh Cacbonic) , Neon ( Ne l kh tr ) ,
oxi
metan (CH
4
)
a,Kh no lm cho than hng chy sng ? Vit PTHH
b,Kh no lm c nc vi trong ? Vit PTHH
c,Kh no lm tt ngn nn ang chy ? Gii thch
d,Kh no trong cc kh trn l kh chy ? Vit PTHH
Cu 2: (2 im)
t chy 1,3g bt nhm trong kh Clo ngi ta thu c 6,675g hp cht nhm
clorua .Gi
s cha bit ho tr ca Al v Cl .
a,Tm CTHH ca nhm clorua ?
b,Tnh khi lng ca kh clo tc dng vi nhm ?
Cu 3: ( 2 im)
S phn ng :
NaOH

+ CO
2
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
+Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn ?
+Nu dng 22g CO
2
tc dng vi 1 lng NaOH va , hy tnh khi lng Na
2
CO
3
iu

ch c ?
+Bng thc nghim ngi ta iu ch c 25g Na
2
CO
3
. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh thc
nghim ?

p m s 29
4:
I)PHN TRC NGHIM: (4)
Cu 1 : (3)
Lm ng mi cu nh 0,5im .
1/ A 2/ C 3/ C 4/ D 5/ D 6/ D
Cu 2 :
s a) b) s c) d)
II)PHN T LUN (6)
Cu1: ng mi cu nh (0,5)
Trang 51
B dy hc sinh gii
a) oxi C + O
2
CO
2
b) Cacbon ioxit CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
c) Nit , cacbon ioxit , neon
Cc kh ny khng chy v khng di tr s chy .
d) m tan CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cu 2: (2)
-Xc nh c CTHH ca nhm clorua : AlCl
3
(1,5)
-Tnh khi lng kh Clo (0,5)
Cu3: (2)
- Vit PTHH (0,25)
- nCO
2
(0,25)
-Xc nh s mol Na
2
CO
3
(0,25)
-Khi lng Na
2
CO
3
(0,25)
Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh . (1)
s 30
bi:
Cu 1: Hy nu cc du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra.
Cu 2: Trong thc t ngi ta p nh vi ri xp vo l nung nhit
khong 1000
o
C sau khi nung thu c vi sng v c kh
cacbonioxit thot ra t ming l, cho vi sng vo nc ta c vi ti.
Em hy ch r hin tng vt l, hin tng ho hc trong cc qu trnh
trn
Cu 3: Mt bn hc sinh ghi CTHH ca cc cht nh sau: Fe
2
O
3
, CO
3
, AlS,
S
2
O
3
, MgO, N
2
O
3
, CaCl, HCl
3
,NO
3
, N
5
O
2
. Em hy xc nh CTHH no
ng ,CTHH no sai, nu sai sa li cho ng
Cu 4: Lp PTHH biu din cc phn ng sau:
a, Khi ru etylic chy l n tc dng vi oxi trong khng kh to thnh kh
cacbonic v hi nc
b, Khi t phot pho, cht ny ho hp vi oxi to thnh mt cht rn l
anhiritphotphoric
Cu 5: Xc nh cng thc ho hc n gin ca cht kh A bit thnh
phn phn trm theo khi lng ca cc nguyn t l 82,35% N v 17,65% H
v (d
2
H
A
= 8,5)
Cu 6: Mt hn hp kh gm c 32 gam O
2
v 3 gam H
2

a, Cho bit th tch ca hn hp kh ktc ?
b, t hn hp kh, phn ng xong ngui v cho bit:
- S phn t kh no cn d , d bao nhiu ?
- Th tch ca kh d o ktc l bao nhiu ?
- Khi lng ca kh d l bao nhiu?
p n s 30
Cu Din gii im
+Du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra:
Trang 52
B dy hc sinh gii
1 (Mt trong s cc du hiu )
- C cht kt ta(cht khng tan)
- C cht kh thot ra(si bt kh)
- C thay i mu sc
- C s to nhit hoc pht sng
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
2
+ Hin tng vt l: p nh vi ri xp vo l nung
+ Hin tng ho hc:
- vi nung nhit khong 1000
o
C ta c vi sng
v kh ccbonioxit
- Cho vi sng vo nc ta c vi ti.
0,25
0,25
0,25
3 +CTHH ng: Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, N
2
O
3
+CTHH Sai: CO
3
, AlS, S
2
O
3
CaCl, HCl
3
,NO
3
,N
5
O
2
.
+ Sa li: CO
2
, Al
2
S
3
, SO
2
CaCl
2
, HCl, NO
2
, N
2
O
5
.

0,25
0,5
0,5
4
Lp PTHH
a, C
2
H
5
OH + 3O
2
-> 2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
b, 4P + 5O
2

o
t
2P
2
O
5
0,5
0,5
5
+Gi s CTHH chung hp cht A: N
x
H
y
+Bit (d
2
H
A
= 8,5) -> MA = 8,5. 2 = 17g
+ Tnh s nguyn t ca N v H:
ADCT: %N =
% 100
y x
H N
N
M
M x
->
% 100
%
N
H N
M
M N
x
y x
-> 1
% 100 14
17 % 35 , 82
x Tng t : y = 3
% 100 1
17 % 65 , 17

Vy CTHH ng l NH
3
(Kh Amnic)
0,25
0,5
0, 5
0, 5
0, 5
0,25
Trang 53
B dy hc sinh gii
6
+Tnh s mol ca O
2
v H
2
ADCT:
M
m
n mol n
H
5 , 1
2
3
2

. 1
32
32
2
mol n
O

a) -> Vh
2
= (nH
2
+ nO
2
) x 22,4 = ( 1,5 +1) x 22,4 = 56
(lit)
b) PTHH: 2H
2
+ O
2

o
t
2H
2
O
2mol 1mol 2mol
1,5mol 0,75mol -> O
2
d
-> nO
2
(d) = 1- 0,75 = 0,25 (mol)
-> S phn t kh O
2
d l: 0,25 . 6,02 .10
23
= 1,5.10
23
phn t
-> VO
2
d = 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6 (lit)
-> mO
2
d = 0,25. 32 = 8 (g)
0, 5
0, 5
0, 5
0, 5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
s 31
Cu 1: (2 im)
Vit phng trnh phn ng vi kh oxi ca cc cht sau:
Lu hunh, metan, photpho, st , natri, canxi, nhm
Cu 2: (3 im)
t chy hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong khng kh.
Bit mMg/ mAl = 4/9
a,Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b, Tnh th tch o xi phn ng v th tch khng kh cn dng ( ktc)
c, Tnh khi lng mi o xt sinh ra sau phn ng
d, c c lng o xi nh trn cn phn hu bao nhiu gam KMnO4, bit hiu sut phn ng
t 80%.
Cu 3: (4 im)
t chy 4,48 lt H2 trong 3,36 lt O2. Ngng t sn phm thu c cht lng A v kh B. Cho
ton b kh B phn ng vi 5,6 gam Fe thu c rn C. Cho rn C vo dung dch cha 14,6 gam
HCl thu c dung dch D v kh E.
a, Xc nh cc cht c trong A,B,C,D,E
b, Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong A,C,D
c, Tnh th tch mi kh c trong B,E
Bit Fe + HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Fe3O4 + HCl --> FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O
Cc kh o c ktc
Trang 54
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 4: (1 im)
35,5 gam oxit ca nguyn t R (ho tr V) c s mol bng s mol ca 5,6 lt O2 (ktc). Xc nh
tn ca nguyn t R.
Cho: Mg = 24, Al = 27, O = 16, K = 39, Mn = 55, Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Cl = 35,5, P = 31
s 32
Cu1: (1,5 im) C 5 bnh, ng 5 cht kh: N
2
; O
2
; CO
2
; H
2
; CH
4
.

Hy
trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng bnh kh?
Cu2: (1,0 im) Kh CO
2
c ln kh CO v kh O
2
. Hy trnh by ph-
ng php thu c kh CO
2
tinh khit.
Cu3: (2,0im) Cho 2 cc ng 2 dung dch HCl v H
2
SO
4
long vo 2
a cn, sao cho cn v tr thng bng. Sau lm th nghim nh
sau:
- Cho 25,44g Na
2
CO
3
vo cc ng dung dch HCl.
- Cho m gam Al vo cc ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
Cn v tr thng bng, tnh m?( bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.)
Cu4: (2,25 im) Trn 300ml dung dch HCl (ddX) vi 500ml dung dch
HCl (ddY) ta c dd Z. Cho dung dch Z tc dng 10,53g km phn ng va
.
a- Tnh C
M
(Z)
b- Dung dch X c pha t dung dch Y, bng cch pha thm nc vo dung
dch Y theo t l:
Y
O H
V
V
2
=
1
2
. Tnh C
M
ca ddX v dd Y?
Cu5: (3,25im) Ho tan hon ton 5,5g hn hp gm Al v Fe bng
dung dch HCl 14,6% thu c 4,48 lt hiro (o KTC).
a- Tnh thnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
b- Tnh nng % cc mui c trong dung dich sau phn ng.
( Na = 23; H = 1; O = 16; C = 12; Al = 27; Fe = 56; Cl = 35,5; Zn =
65)
p n s 32
Trang 55
B dy hc sinh gii
s 33
Trang 56
Cu1: ( 1,5 im) Nu c cc c bn sau:
- Trch cc mu th, dng que m cn tn than hng cho vo cc
mu th
+ Kh no lm que m bng chy, kh l O
2
.
+ Nu que m tt l kh N
2
v CO
2
.
+ Nu que m tip tc chy l kh H
2
v CH
4
.
- phn bit 2 kh N
2
v CO
2
, dn ln lt mi kh qua dung
dch nc vi trong, kh no lm nc vn c l kh CO
2
; kh cn
li l N
2
khng c hin tng g.
- t chy 2 kh H
2
v CH
4
, sau dn sn phm chy mi kh
vo cc nc vi trong, cc no nc vn c th kh chy l CH
4
.
PTHH: 2H
2
+ O
2

0
t
2H
2
O
CH
4
+ 2 O
2

0
t
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
-> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
Cu2: (1,0 im)- Dn hn hp kh CO
2
c ln kh CO; kh O
2
qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Kh CO
2
b hp th, cn 2 kh CO v O
2
thot ra ngoi.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2 d
-> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung nhit cao ( 900
0
C) n
khi lng khng i thu c kh CO
2
.
CaCO
3

0
t
CaO + CO
2
Cu3: (2,0im)
- n
3 2
CO Na
=
106
44 , 25
= 0,24 mol
*n
Al
=
27
m
mol
- Khi thm dd Na
2
CO
3
vo cc ng dd HCl ( cc A) c phn ng:
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl -> 2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
1mol 1mol
0,24mol -> 0,24mol
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, khi lng cc ng HCl tng
thm: 25,44 - (0,24.44) = 14,88g
- Khi thm Al vo cc ng dd H
2
SO
4
c

phn ng:
2Al + 3 H
2
SO
4
-> Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
2mol 3mol

27
m
mol ->
2 . 27
. 3 m
mol
cn thng bng, khi lng cc ng H
2
SO
4
cng phi tng
thm 14,88g : m -
2 . 27
. 3 m
.2 = 14,88g ;
gii ra ta c m = 16,74 (g)
Cu4: (2,25 im)
a) V
ddZ
= 300 + 500 = 800ml = 0,8 lt
n
Zn
=
65
53 , 10
= 0,162 mol
-Phng trnh phn ng:
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl
2
+ H
2

Theo phng trnh : n
HCl
=2.n
Zn
= 2.0,162 = 0,324 mol
C
M ddZ
=
8 , 0
324 , 0
= 0,405 (M)
0,25
0,25
0,25

0,25
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

0,5
0,25
0,5

0,5
0,25
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu1: (1,5 im) C 5 bnh, ng 5 cht kh: N
2
; O
2
; CO
2
; H
2
; CH
4
.

Hy
trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit tng bnh kh?
Cu2: (1,0 im) Kh CO
2
c ln kh CO v kh O
2
. Hy trnh by ph-
ng php thu c kh CO
2
tinh khit.
Cu3: (2,0im) Cho 2 cc ng 2 dung dch HCl v H
2
SO
4
long vo 2
a cn, sao cho cn v tr thng bng. Sau lm th nghim nh
sau:
- Cho 25,44g Na
2
CO
3
vo cc ng dung dch HCl.
- Cho m gam Al vo cc ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
Cn v tr thng bng, tnh m?( bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.)
Cu4: (2,25 im) Trn 300ml dung dch HCl (ddX) vi 500ml dung dch
HCl (ddY) ta c dd Z. Cho dung dch Z tc dng 10,53g km phn ng va
.
a- Tnh C
M
(Z)
b- Dung dch X c pha t dung dch Y, bng cch pha thm nc vo dung
dch Y theo t l:
Y
O H
V
V
2
=
1
2
. Tnh C
M
ca ddX v dd Y?
Cu5: (3,25im) Ho tan hon ton 5,5g hn hp gm Al v Fe bng
dung dch HCl 14,6% thu c 4,48 lt hiro (o KTC).
a- Tnh thnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
b- Tnh nng % cc mui c trong dung dich sau phn ng.
( Na = 23; H = 1; O = 16; C = 12; Al = 27; Fe = 56; Cl = 35,5; Zn =
65)
p n s 33
Trang 57
B dy hc sinh gii
Trang 58
Cu1: ( 1,5 im) Nu c cc c bn sau:
- Trch cc mu th, dng que m cn tn than hng cho
vo cc mu th
+ Kh no lm que m bng chy, kh l O
2
.
+ Nu que m tt l kh N
2
v CO
2
.
+ Nu que m tip tc chy l kh H
2
v CH
4
.
- phn bit 2 kh N
2
v CO
2
, dn ln lt mi kh qua
dung dch nc vi trong, kh no lm nc vn c l kh
CO
2
; kh cn li l N
2
khng c hin tng g.
- t chy 2 kh H
2
v CH
4
, sau dn sn phm chy mi
kh vo cc nc vi trong, cc no nc vn c th kh
chy l CH
4
.
PTHH: 2H
2
+ O
2

0
t
2H
2
O
CH
4
+ 2 O
2

0
t
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
-> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
Cu2: (1,0 im)- Dn hn hp kh CO
2
c ln kh CO;
kh O
2
qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Kh CO
2
b hp th, cn 2
kh CO v O
2
thot ra ngoi.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2 d
-> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung nhit cao ( 900
0
C)
n khi lng khng i thu c kh CO
2
.
CaCO
3

0
t
CaO + CO
2
Cu3: (2,0im)
- n
3 2
CO Na =
106
44 , 25
= 0,24 mol
*n
Al
=
27
m
mol
- Khi thm dd Na
2
CO
3
vo cc ng dd HCl ( cc A) c phn
ng:
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl -> 2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
1mol 1mol
0,24mol -> 0,24mol
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, khi lng cc ng HCl
tng thm: 25,44 - (0,24.44) = 14,88g
- Khi thm Al vo cc ng dd H
2
SO
4
c

phn ng:
2Al + 3 H
2
SO
4
-> Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
2mol 3mol

27
m
mol ->
2 . 27
. 3 m
mol
cn thng bng, khi lng cc ng H
2
SO
4
cng phi
tng thm 14,88g : m -
2 . 27
. 3 m
.2 = 14,88g ;
0,25
0,25
0,25

0,25
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

0,5
0,25
0,5

0,5
0,25
B dy hc sinh gii
s 34
a) KMnO
4

to
? + ? + ?
b) Fe + H
3
PO
4
? + ?
c) S + O
2

to
?
d) Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
t0
Fe
3
O
4
+ ?
KMnO
4
hoc KClO
3
4
v KClO
3
bng nhau
a) Th tch kh O
2
5) nhit 100
0
C tan ca NaNO
3
l 180g, 20
0
C l 88g. Hi c bao
nhiu gam NaNO
3
3
bo ho
t 100
0
C xung 20
0
C ?
1
2
(ktc). m
2
(g) X tc dng va vi
10,8 (g) nc. Tnh:
a) T l khi lng m
1
/ m
2
?
b) Nu cho m
2
Cho bit H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5;
Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Ba = 107
s 35
Bi 1 (3,0 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:
Trang 59
B dy hc sinh gii
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
5/ C
x
H
y
COOH + O
2
----> CO
2
+ H
2
O
Bi 2 (3,0 im): Nu cc th d chng minh rng oxi l mt n cht phi
kim rt hot ng (c bit nhit cao). Trn c s hy so snh
vi tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n cht hiro. Vit phng trnh minh
ho.
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, K
2
O, N
2
O
5
,
Mn
2
O
7
, NO.
Bi 4 (3,0 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H
2
x
O
y
1/ Tm gi tr m?
st n cht.
Bi 5 (4,0 im): 17,92 lt hn hp X gm hiro v axetilen C
2
H
2
(ktc) c
t khi so vi nit l 0,5. t hn hp vi 51,2 gam kh oxi. Phn ng xong,
1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra.
2/ Xc nh % th tch v % khi lng ca Y.
Cho: Fe = 56; Al = 27; Mg = 24; Zn = 65; C =12; O = 16
s 36
3
+ 3H
2
; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl
2 FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
; d) CH
4
+ 2 O
2

SO
2
+ 2 H
2
O
Trang 60
B dy hc sinh gii
a) C
4
H
9
OH + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; b) C
n
H
2n - 2
+ ?
CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) KMnO
4
+ ? KCl + MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
d) Al + H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
sunfuric.
(gi s cc nguyn t oxi trong kh sunfuric tch ra v lin kt vi nhau to
thnh cc phn t oxi).
3
kh oxi thu c
4,48 dm
3
kh CO
2
v 7,2g hi nc.
A v gi tn A.
oxit 400
0
p n s 36
Bi p n Thang
im
1(3
)
1(1
)
0125
3
m l FeCl
2
hay l sai 1 sn phm
0,125 +
0125
0125
d) Sai, v C bin thnh S l khng ng vi L
BTKL
0,125 +
0125
2(1
)
3
tng ng vi
axit H
2
SO
4
Oxit do KL trng thi ho tr cao to nn l CrO
3
tng ng vi axit H
2
CrO
4
0,25 + 0,25
d) . VD: Na
2
2
0,25 + 0,25
3(1
)
a) C
4
H
9
OH + 6 O
2
4 CO
2
+ 5 H
2
O
0,25
b) 2 C
n
H
2n - 2
+ (3n 1) O
2
2n CO
2
+
0,25
Trang 61
B dy hc sinh gii
2(n-1) H
2
O
c) 2 KMnO
4
2
+
5 Cl
2
+ 8 H
2
O
0,25
d) 2 Al + 6 H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3 SO
2
+ 6 H
2
O
0,25
2(1
)
n
SO3
= 16: 80 = 0,2 mol; n
O
= 0,2 .3 = 0,6 mol. 0,25 + 0,25
2
=> 2 mol O ---------------------------- 1 mol O
2

Vy: n
O2
= (0,6.1): 2 = 0,3 mol
0,25 + 0,25
3(3
)
@- HD: c 6 ln x 0,5 = 3 .
* S P chy: A + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; m
O
trong O
2
=
g 8 , 12 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
96 , 8
(
;
* m
O sau P
= m
O
(trong CO
2
+ trong H
2
O) =
g 8 , 12 16 ). 1 .
18
2 , 7
( 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
2
v H
2
O => trc P c cc
nguyn t C, H v O to nn cc cht P.
O sau P
= 12,8 g = tng m
O
trong O
2
.
Vy A khng cha O m ch do 2 nguyn t l C v H
to nn.
m
A

P
= m
C
+ m
H
=
g 2 , 3 1 ). 2 .
18
2 , 7
( 12 ). 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
b) Ta c: M
A
= 8.2 = 16 g; t CTPT cn tm l C
x
H
y
vi x, y nguyn dng
M
A
= 12x + y = 16g => phng trnh: 12x + y =
16 (*)
T l x: y= n
C
: n
H
=
x 4 y
4
1
y
x
hay 4 : 1 8 , 0 : 2 , 0 ) 2 .
18
2 , 7
( : ) 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( >
thay vo (*):
12x + 4x = 16 x= 1 => y = 4. Vy CTPT ca A l
CH
4
, tn gi l metan.
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
4(3
)
PTP: CuO + H
2

C 400
0
Cu + H
2
O ;
a) Hin tng P: Cht rn dng bt CuO c mu en dn
dn bin thnh mu (Cu)
0,5
0,5
Trang 62
B dy hc sinh gii
g 16
80
64 . 20
cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn thu

c theo u bi => CuO phi cn d.
CR sau P
= m
Cu
+ m
CuO cn d
=
x.64 + (m
CuO ban u
m
CuO P
)
= 64x + (20
80x) = 16,8 g.
=> Phng trnh: 64x + (20-80x) =16,8 16x = 3,2
x= 0,2. => m
CuO P
= 0,2.80= 16 g
Vy H = (16.100%):20= 80%.
0,5
0,5
0,5
c) Theo PTP: n
H2
= n
CuO
= x= 0,2 mol. Vy: V
H2
=
0,2.22,4= 4,48 lt
0,5
s 37
Cu 1:(2 im)
Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc cht ng ring bit trong
cc trng hp sau
a) Bn cht bt : Na
2
CO
3
, BaCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, BaSO
4
nu ch dng dung dch
HCl
b) Hai cht kh : CH
4
v C
2
H
6
.
c) Hai cht rn: Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
nu ch dng mt ho cht
d) Nm dung dch: NaHSO
4
, KHCO
3
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, Na
2
SO
3
, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ch c
dng cch un nng
Cu2:(2 im)
a) Hy nu phng php thc nghim xc nh nng mol ca mi
cht trong dung dch hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
.
b) Ti sao trong bnh cu ho ngi ta dng dung dch NaHCO
3
m khng
dng NaHCO
3
rn hoc Na
2
CO
3
?
c) Trnh by s khc nhau v thnh phn khi lng v tnh cht gia hp
cht ho hc v hn hp. Ly v d minh ho.
d) Cho hn hp A gm Al; Fe
2
O
3
; Cu c s mol bng nhau vo dung dch HCl
d.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Cu3: :(2 im)
a) Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim1: Cho a gam bt st (d) vo V
1
lt dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M.
- Th nghim2: Cho a gam bt st (d) vo V
2
lt dung dch AgNO
3
0,1 M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th
nghim u bng nhau. Thit lp mi quan h gia V
1
v V
2
b) Cho mt lng bt km vo dung dch X gm FeCl
2
v CuCl
2
. Khi lng cht
rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt km ban
u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam
mui khan. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong X.
Trang 63
B dy hc sinh gii
c) t chy hon ton 1 th tch hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hyrocacbon X
sinh ra 2 th tch kh CO
2
v 2 th tch hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi
o cng iu kin). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu4: (2 im)
Mt hn hp X gm mt kim loi M (c hai ho tr 2 v 3) v M
x
O
y
.Khi lng
ca X l 80,8 gam. Ho tan ht X bi dung dch HCl thu c 4,48 lt H
2
(ktc), cn nu ho tan ht X bi dung dch HNO
3
thu c 6,72 lt NO
(ktc). Bit rng trong X c mt cht c s mol gp 1,5 ln s mol cht
kia. Xc nh M v M
x
O
y
Cu5: :(2 im)
Ho tan hon ton a mol kim loi M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng, thy
tiu tn ht a mol H
2
SO
4
thu c 1,56 gam mui A v kh A
1
. Lng kh A
1
-
c hp th hon ton bi 45 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M to thnh 0,608 gam
mui. Lng mui A thu c trn cho ho tan hon ton vo nc, sau
cho thm 0,387 gam hn hp B gm Zn v Cu, sau khi phn ng xong tch
c 1,144 gam cht rn C.
a) Tnh khi lng kim loi M ban u.
b) Tnh khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hn hp B v trong cht rn C
p n s 37
Cu 1: 2 im (mi y ng 0,5 im)
Cu 2: 2 im (mi y ng 0,5 im)
Cu 3: 2 im
a, V
1
= V
2
(0,75 im)
b, m = 13,1 gam (0,5 im)
c, Cng thc C
2
H
6
(0,75 im)
Cu 4: 2 im
Trng hp 1: nM
x
O
y
= 1,5 n
M
(1 im)
M: Fe, M
x
O
y
: Fe
3
O
4
Trng hp 2: n
M
= 1,5 nM
x
O
y
: Loi (1 im)
Cu 5: 2 im
a, (M l Ag) m
M
= 1,08 gam (0,5 im)
Trng hp 1: Zn phn ng ht
b, Trong B: Khi lng Zn: 0,195 gam
Khi lng Cu: 0,192 gam (0,5 im)
Trong C: Khi lng Ag: 1,08 gam
Khi lng Cu: 0,064 gam (0,5 im)
Trng hp 2: Zn phn ng cha ht: Loi (0,5 im)
s 38
Cu1 : Nhng hin tng no sau y tng ng vi hin tng vt l
( V) v hin tng ho hc ( H)
1. S bin i trng thi ca mt
cht
6. S to thnh kt ta dung
dch
2. S bc mi 7. S bin di mu sc
Trang 64
B dy hc sinh gii
3. S bin i hnh dng 8. S thot kh
4. S bin i phn tn 9. S to nhit
5. S thng hoa ( Trng thi rn
sag trng thi hi)
10. S bin i th tch
Cu 2: Dy hp cht no trong cc hp cht di y c sp xp
theo th t tng dn ca khi lng mol
a) NaOH; CaO ; MgCl
2
; Cu(OH)
2
b) NaOH; MgCl
2
; CaO; Cu(OH)
2
c) CaO; MgCl
2
; NaOH; Cu(OH)
2
d) Cu(OH)
2
; MgCl
2
; CaO; NaOH
Cu 3: Ho tan ht 3.25g km bng dung dch HCl thu c qua bnh
ng CuO ( d) , un nng . Phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh :
H
2
+ CuO Cu + H
2
O
Tnh s gam Cu to thnh
Cu 4: t chy ht m gam cht A cn 62.7 (l) kh Oxi ( ktc) thu c
8.8 g CO
2
v 5.4 g H
2
O . Tm CTPT ca A bit t khi hi ca A i vi
Hiro bng 23
s 39
Cu 1: a: S chy v s oxi ho chm c g ging v khc nhau dn ra 1 v d v s oxi ho v
s chy .
b: Nhng m ch bng xng du c th dng nc dp tt s chy khng v sao ?
Cu 2: Lp cng thc ho hc ca cc hp cht gm K, Ca, H vi
a; Oxi b; Cl c; Nhm OH, nhm SO4
Vit tn mi cht v cho bit cht thuc loi hp cht oxit, axit, baz , mui.
Cu 3; Vit PTP th hin dy bin ho sau v cho bit thuc loi phn ng no
KClO3 O2 Fe3O4 Fe FeCl2
Cu 4 : Cho 8,3 g hn hp gm Fe , Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl d sau khi phn ng kt thc
thu c 5,6 lt kh H2 (ktc)
a; Vit PTP sy ra
b: Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp
c: Bnh ng dung dch HCl tng hay gim bao nhiu
Cu 5; Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp cht A bit thnh phn % ca cc nguyn t l ;
32,39% Na, 22,53% S, 45,08% O
( Bit Fe = 56, Al = 27, Na = 23, S = 32 , O = 16 )
s 40
Trang 65
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu I :( 1,5 im )Lp cng thc ho hc ca A , B , C bit :
A to bi 2 nguyn t C v H , trong H chim 25% v khi lng . 0o C 760 mmHg , 1lt
kh A c khi lng l 0,7142g .
B l oxit mt kim loi ho tr III . Dng C0 kh hon ton 16g B thu c 11,2g kim loi .
t chy hon ton 6,8g D thu c 12,8g kh sunfur ( S02) v 3,6g hi nc .
Cu II : ( 4 im )
1 . Vit phng trnh phn ng gia kh oxi vi cc cht sau : Na , Zn , C , N Ca ? cho bit trong
sn phm cc nguyn t c ho tr ln lt l : Na (I) ,Zn (II) , C (IV) , N (V) , Ca (II) .
2. Tnh thnh phn , phn trm theo khi lng ca Fe trong cc oxit sau : Fe0 , Fe203 , Fe304 ?
Cu III :( 2,5 im )
Ngi ta t lu hunh trong mt bnh cha 10g oxi , sau phn ng ngi ta thu c 12,8g kh
sunfur S02.
a . Tnh khi lng lu hunh chy .
b . Tnh khi lng oxi cn tha sau phn ng .
Cu IV :( 2 im )
Hn hp X gm Fe v Fe304 c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau :
phn 1 : Oxi ho nhit cao thu c 58gam Fe304 .
phn 2 : Cho kh C0 i qua khi nung nng n khi phn ng va thu c 8,96 lt C02 thot
ra KTC . tnh khi lng hn hp X v thnh phn % v khi lng ca hn hp X .
( cho nguyn t khi ca cc cht ln lt l : Fe = 56 ; 0 =16 ; S = 32 ; H = 1 ; C = 12 )
p n s 40
Cu 1
(1,5 )
- A c CTHH l : CH4- B c CTHH l : Fe203- C c CTHH l :H2S
Lu : hc sinh c th gii theo nhiu cch khc nhau , nu gii ng vn cho im ti a .
cu ng c 0,5
Cu 2
( 4 )
1 . Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra l :
4Na + 02--> 2Na20
2Zn + 02 ---> 2Zn0
C + 02 ---> C02
4N + 5 02 ---> 2N205
2Ca + 02 ----> 2Ca0
2 . Fe0 : %Fe = 78 %
Fe203 : % Fe = 70%
Fe304 : %Fe = 72,4%
Cu 3
( 2,5 )
-Theo bi ra ta c s mol ca kh S02l :
nS02 = 12,8 : 64 = 0,2 ( mol )
-Ta c phng trnh phn ng :
S + 02-> S02
1mol 1mol 1mol
Trang 66
B dy hc sinh gii
0,2mol 0,2mol 0,2mol
-a) vy ta c khi lng ca S l :
ms = ns . Ms = 0,2 . 32 = 6,4 ( gam )
-b ) theo phng trnh phn ng ta c :
+ s mol 02 phn ng l : n02 = nS02= 0,2 mol
+ khi lng 02 phn ng l : m02 = 0,2 .32 =6,4g
+ khi lng 02 d l : m02( d ) =10 6.4 = 3,6g
s 41
Cu1:
Mt hp cht gm 3 nguyn t ho hc: Mg, C,O c PTK l 84 vC, v c t
l khi lng gia cc nguyn t thnh phn l Mg: C : O = 2: 1 : 4 . Hy lp
cng thc ho hc ca hp cht?
Cu2:
Kh 23,2 gam mt oxit st nung nng bng kh H
2
thu c 7,2 gam nc.
Hy xc nh cng thc ca oxit st trn?
Cu3: Cn bng cc PTHH:
1- Fe
3
O
4
+ Al -> Fe + Al
2
O
3
2- Cu(NO
3
)
2
-> CuO + NO
2
+ O
2

3- Fe
2
O
3
+ CO -> Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
4- Fe
x
O
y
+ Al -> Fe + Al
2
O
3
5- FeS
2
+ O
2
-> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
6- M + HCl -> MCl
x
+ H
2
7 - N
x
O
y
+ Cu -> CuO + N
2
.
8- Fe
x
O
y
+ H
2
-> Fe + H
2
O.
Cu4:
Tnh khi lng 1 mol trung bnh ca hn hp gm 6,4 gam kh O
2
v 13,2
gam kh CO
2
.
Cu5:
t chy 7 gam cht X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9 gam hi n-
c( ktc). Bit t khi ca X so vi H
2
l 14. Tm cng thc phn t ca X ?
Cu6:
t chy 42 gam hn hp gm C v S .
a) Tnh th tch hn hp kh thu c ktc. Bit rng C chim 42,85%
khi lng hn hp.
b) Tnh th tch Oxi cn dng (ktc) t chy ht hn hp trn? (Bit
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)
Cu7:
em nhit phn hon ton 26,8 gam hn hp gm MgCO
3
v CaCO
3
, sau
phn ng thu c 13,2 gam kh CO
2
. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn
hp u?
Cu8: Hy tnh:
a) khi lng ca 15.10
23
nguyn t Cu.
Trang 67
B dy hc sinh gii
b) S mol ca 2,7.10
23
phn t kh SO
2
.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Cho bit: NTK C = 12, O =16, Mg = 24, Fe = 56, H = 1, S = 32, Ca = 40,
Cu = 64, K = 39, Na = 23, N = 14, P = 31, .
p n s 41
Cu1:
Mt hp cht gm 3 nguyn t ho hc: Mg, C,O c PTK l 84 vC, v c t
l khi lng gia cc nguyn t thnh phn l Mg: C : O = 2: 1 : 4 . Hy lp
cng thc ho hc ca hp cht?
HD: CTTQ: Mg
x
C
y
O
z
=> x : y: z =
16
4
:
12
1
:
24
2
<=>12: 12: 4 = 1: 1 : 3
CT ng: MgCO
3
Cu2:
Kh 23,2 gam mt oxit st nung nng bng kh H
2
thu c 7,2 gam nc.
Hy xc nh cng thc ca oxit st trn?
HD: CTTQ: Fe
x
O
y
+ yH
2
-> xFe + yH
2
O
Theo pt: ( 56x + 16y) g 18y g
Theo bi: 23,2 g 7,2 g
=> 18.y.23,2 = ( 56x + 16y).7,2 =>
4
3
y
x
CT hp cht: Fe
3
O
4
Cu3: Cn bng cc PTHH:
1- 3Fe
3
O
4
+ 8Al -> 9Fe + 4Al
2
O
3
2- 2Cu(NO
3
)
2
-> 2CuO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

3- 4Al + 3O
2
-> 2Al
2
O
3

4- 3Fe
x
O
y
+ 2yAl -> 3xFe + yAl
2
O
3
5- 4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
->2 Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
6- M + HCl -> MCl
x
+ H
2
7 - 2N
x
O
y
+ 2y Cu -> 2y CuO + xN
2
.
8- Fe
x
O
y
+ yH
2
-> xFe + yH
2
O.
Cu4:
a) Tnh khi lng 1 mol trung bnh ca hn hp gm 6,4 gam kh O
2
v
13,2 gam kh CO
2
.
b) C 4 cht kh ng trong 4 l ring bit l Oxi, Hidr, Nit v khng
kh. Bng phng php no nhn ra mi kh? Vit PTHH nu c.
HD:
a) S mol CO
2
= 0,3 mol S mol O
2
= 0,2 mol
2 , 0 3 , 0
2 , 13 4 , 6
+
+
M
= 39,2
b) Dng que m ang chy:
- L ng Nit -> que m vt tt.
- L ng khng kh -> que m chy bnh thng.
- L ng H
2
-> Que m chy vi ngn la xanh m.
Trang 68
B dy hc sinh gii
- L ng oxi -> Que m chy mnh hn.
Cu5:
t chy 7 gam cht X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9 gam hi n-
c( ktc). Bit t khi ca X so vi H
2
l 14. Tm cng thc phn t ca X ?
CT : CS
2
Cu6:
t chy 42 gam hn hp gm C v S .
a) Tnh th tch hn hp kh thu c ktc. Bit rng C chim 42,85%
khi lng hn hp.
b) Tnh th tch Oxi cn dng (ktc) t chy ht hn hp trn? (Bit
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)
HD:
Cu7:
em nhit phn hon ton 26,8 gam hn hp gm MgCO
3
v CaCO
3
, sau
phn ng thu c 13,2 gam kh CO
2
. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn
hp u?
Cu8: Hy tnh:
a) khi lng ca 15.10
23
nguyn t Cu.
b) S mol ca 2,7.10
23
phn t kh SO
2
.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Cho bit: NTK C = 12, O =16, Mg = 24, Fe = 56, H = 1, S = 32, Ca = 40,
Cu = 64, K = 39, Na = 23, N = 14, P = 31, .
s 42
A/ Phn trc ngim( 2im):
Cu1 : C hai bnh kn, mt bnh cha 1lt CO, bnh hai cha1 lt
N
2
(dktc)
A. S ht nguyn t bng nhau B. Khi lng bng nhau
C. S prton bng nhau D. C 3 phng n u ng
Cu2: C 2 bnh kn. Bnh1 cha 1g C
3
H
8
, bnh 2 cha1g kh CO
2
th
trong 2 bnh c
A. S phn t bng nhau B. S nguyn t bng nhau
C. S prton bng nhau D. C 3 phng n u sai
Cu3: Vit phng trnh phn ng thc hin chuen i sau
KClO
3
O
2
Fe
3
O
4
FeH
2
B/ Phn t lun(8 im)
Cu4: Chia hn hp A gm 12.8 gFe v st xtcha r cng thc lm hai
phn bng nhau
Phn1: Cho tan trong trong d d HCl d thu c 1.12 lt H
2
(dktc)
Phn1: Nung nng ri cho kh H
2
i qua phn ng hn ton thu c 5.6 g
Fe
Xc nh cng thc O xt st.
Cu5: Tnh s gam Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
cn phi ly khi lng nguyn t o xic
trong1.408gam hn hp kh X gm SO
2
v SO
3
. Bit rng trong cng mt dk
2.2gam kh X v 1gam kh O
2
c th tch bng nhau
Trang 69
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu6: Cho 13 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Mg, v Zn phn ng vi 1.2 mol HCl
a ) Chng t rng A tan ht
Nu tng s mol ca 3 kim loi trong 13 gam hn hp a l 0,3 mol, t l s
mol gia Fe v Mg l 1:1. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp
s 43
Cu 1. ( 1 )
Mt n v Cacbon tng ng bao nhiu gam?
Hy tm khi lng tnh bng gam ca nguyn t Na?
Cu 2. ( 1.5 )
Mt hp cht A phn t gm 1 nguyn t nguyn t X lin kt vi 2 nguyn t Oxi v c t khi
hi i vi kh Hir l 23.
a) Cho bit nguyn t khi, tn v k hiu ha hc ca nguyn t X
b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca nguyn t X trong hp cht
Cu 3. ( 1,5 ).
Cho 27 gam Nhm tc dng vi dung dch axit Sunfuric long . Thu c 171 gam mui Nhm
sunfat v 33,6 lt kh Hir ktc.
a) Lp phng trnh phn ng
b) Tnh khi lng Axit sunfuric dng
Cu 4. ( 3 ).
t chy 9,3g Photpho trong bnh cha 4,48 lt kh Oxi ktc
Hy tnh khi lng cht to thnh
Tnh s gam Kalipenmangannat cn dng iu ch c lng Oxi trn
Cu 5. ( 3 ). Dng H2 kh 31,2g hn hp CuO v Fe3O4 . Tnh khi lng Cu v Fe thu c.
Bit trong hn hp khi lng Fe3O4 nhiu hn CuO l 15,2g.
s 44
Cu 1:
a. Tnh t khi ca hn hp A gm 5,6 kh metan v 2,8 lt kh oxi, 10,08 lt kh lu hunh ioxit
i vi kh hiro ( iu kin tiu chun ).
b. Tnh s nguyn t oxi c trong hn hp A.
Cu 2:
Cho cc cht :CuO, SO3, Na2O, MgO, ZnCl2
SiO2, MnO,P2O5, CO, N2O5.
Nhng cht no l:
Oxit axit. Vit cng thc ho hc ca axit tng ng.
Oxit baz. Vit cng thc ho hc ca baz tng ng.
Nhng cht no tc dng vi nc? Vit PTHH.
Cu 3:
Vit PTHH biu din cc phn ng xy ra trong cc qu trnh sau v cho bit phn ng no thuc
loi phn ng oxi ho - kh:
a. Magie tan trong dung dch axit clohiric.
b. kh Hidro i qua ng ( II ) oxit nhit cao.
c. Nung nng Kali clorat.
d. Ti vi.
e. Nung vi.
Trang 70
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 4:
Trong sn xut nng nghip ngi ta dng amoni nitrat NH4NO3 lm phn bn. Tnh khi lng
m (Nit) c b sung vo t khi s dng 98,4 kg amoni nitrat.
Cu 5:
t chy hon ton 2,3 g hp cht A ngi ta thu c 4,4 g CO2 v 2,7g hi nc.
Lp CTHH ca A bit CTHH ca A trng vi CTG.
Cu 6:
Trong thit b tng hp nc c cha 11,2 lt hn hp X gm 2 kh hiro v oxi. Sau 1 thi gian
t hn hp bng tia la in ngi ta lm ngui v nhit ban u th c 3,6 gam nc v
V lt hn hp B.
a. Xc nh thnh phn % theo th tch v theo khi lng ca cc kh trong hn hp X bit rng
2,8 lt hn hp ny cn nng 1,375g.
b. Tnh V.
( cc th tch kh u o ktc )
Hn hp Z gm kh nit v cacbonioxit vi khi lng 2 kh bng nhau. Tnh khi lng hn
hp sao cho s lng phn t trong hn hp Z gp 2,25 ln s phn t c trong hn hp Y.
Cu 7:
t chy hon ton 17,81 gam mt n cht A thu c cht rn B. Ho tan cht rn B vo
130,11 gam nc th thu c dung dch Z c nng 14,82%. Xc nh n cht A, bit dung
dch Z lm qu tm i sang mu xanh.
Cho nguyn t khi: C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14; K = 39; Na = 23;
Ca = 40; Ba = 137; S = 32; Mg = 24; Zn = 65; Cu = 64.
s 45
Trang 71
B dy hc sinh gii
Tr ng t hcs y n m
kim t r a cht l ng hc sinh gii
Nmhc 2006 2007
Mn : ha hc 8
(Thi gian lmbi 120pht)
Bi tp 1: (4 im)
Cc khng nh sau y ng hay sai.
1) Tt c cc h p cht u do phn t to nn.
2) Trong hn h p c t nht l hai loi nguyn t.
3) Mt nguyn t ha hc c thto nn nhiu loi n cht khc nhau.
4) Hn h p n c ct to nn t hai nguyn t ha hc l H v O.
Bi tp 2: (4 im)
H y trnh by ph ng php nhn bit:
a. Cc cht rn: P
2
O
5
; SiO
2
; Al
2
O
3
; Zn; Na
2
O; NaCl.
b. Cc cht kh: N
2
; O
2
; H
2
; CO
2
.
Bi tp 3: (4 im)
Thay cc chci A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I bng cc cng thc ha hc thch h p v
hon thnh cc ph ng trnh ha hc t cc s phn ng sau.
1) A +B
0
t
C
2) A +D
0
t
E
3) B +D
0
t
G
4) I +D
0
t
H
5) G +H SO
3

6) E +I
0
t
A +H
7) C +HCl FeCl
2
+H
2
S
8) H
2
S +D
0
t

Bi tp 4: (4 im)
t chy hon ton 25,3 gam mt h p cht A trong khng khthto thnh 24,64 lt
khCO
2
(o ktc) v 29,7 gam hi n c.
H y lp cng thc ha hc ca h p cht A?
Bi tp 5: (4 im)
Trn hai a cn A, B c hai cc. Cc a A ng dung dch axit HCl, cc a
B ng dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
. iu chnh l ng dung dch trong hai cc cn vtr
thng bng (nh hnh v ). Cho 1,15 gam kim loi Na vo cc a A v a gam kim loi
Mg vo cc a B. Cn vn vtrthng bng. H y tnh a? (Bit l ng axit HCl v
l ng axit H
2
SO
4
trong hai cc phn ng ht 1,15 gam kim loi Na v a gam kim
loi Mg)

A B
Trang 72
B dy hc sinh gii
s 46
Phn I: Trc nghim
Cu 1: Ho tan 10 (g) mui n vo nc. Nng phn trm ca dung dch
thu c l:
A: 25%. B: 20%. C: 25%. D: 2%.
Cu 2:
Ho tan 8(g) Na0H vo nc c c 50ml dung dch. Nng mol ca
dung dch thu c l:
A; 16 M. B: 4 M. C: 0,4 M. D: 6,25 M.
Cu 3:
Ho tan 9,4 (g) K
2
0 vo nc, thu c 100ml dung dch. Nng mol ca
dung dch thu c l:
A: 1 M. B: 2 M. C: 0,094 M. D: 9,4 M.
Phn II: T lun
Cu 1:
Lp phng trnh ho hc cho cc s phn ng sau:
A. SO
2
+ O
2
---> SO
3
B. Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
---> NaOH + CaCO
3
C. FeS
2
+ O
2
---> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
Cu 2:
Nung 180 (Kg) vi CaCO
3
thu c 80(Kg) canxioxit (CaO) v 60 (Kg) kh
cacbondioxit (CO
2
)
a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi nung vi. Cho bit t l s
nguyn t, phn t ca cc cht trong phn ng?.
b. Vit cng thc khi lng ca cc cht trong phn ng?
c. Tnh khi lng vi b phn hu?
Cu 3;
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau; cho bit trong cc phn ng
trn phn ng no thuc loi phn ng ho hp? Phn ng no thuc loi
phn ng phn hu?
a) P + 0
2

?
b) Mg + ? MgCl
2
+ ?
c) H
2
+ ? Cu + ?
d) KCl0
3
- ? + 0
2
Trang 73
B dy hc sinh gii
Cu 4;
Cho 6,5 (g) km tc dng vi 100 (g) dung dch HCL 14,6%
a). Vit phng trh phn ng xy ra?
b). Tnh th tch th thot ra (ktc)?
c). Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc?
(Cho: Zn = 65; H = 1; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; O =16; Na = 32)
s 47
Cu 1(2 im): C 4 phng php vt l thng dng tch cc cht ra
khi nhau
- Phng php bay hi - Phng php chng ct
- Phng php kt tinh tr li - Phng php chit
Em hy ly cc v d c th, minh ho cho tng phng php tch
trn ?
Cu 2 ( 5,75 im): Vit cc phng trnh ho hc v ghi y iu
kin phn ng (nu c) ?
1/ Cho kh oxi tc dng ln lt vi: St, nhm, ng, lu hunh, cacbon,
phtpho
2/ Cho kh hiro i qua cc ng mc ni tip, nung nng, cha ln lt cc
cht:
MgO, CaO, CuO, Na
2
O, P
2
O
5
3/ Cho dung dch axit HCl tc dng ln lt vi cc cht: Nhm, st, magie,
ng, km.
4/ C my loi hp cht v c? Mi loi ly 2 v d v cng thc ho hc?
c tn chng ?
Cu 3 ( 2,75im): Em hy tng trnh li th nghim iu ch oxi trong
phng th nghim? C my cch thu kh oxi? Vit PTHH xy ra?
Cu 4 (3,5im)
1/ Trn t l v th tch ( o cng iu kin) nh th no, gia O
2
v N
2
ngi ta thu c mt hn hp kh c t khi so vi H
2
bng 14,75 ?
2/ t chy hon ton mt hp cht X, cn dng ht 10,08 lt O
2
(KTC). Sau
khi kt thc phn phn ng, ch thu c 13,2 gam kh CO
2
v 7,2 gam nc.
a. Tm cng thc ho hc ca X ( Bit cng thc dng n gin chnh l
cng thc ho hc ca X)
b. Vit phng trnh ho hc t chy X trn ?
Cu 5 (4,5 im)
1/ Cho a gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi A v B (cha r ho tr) tc dng ht vi
dd HCl ( c A v B u phn ng). Sau khi phn ng kt thc, ngi ta ch
thu c 67 gam mui v 8,96lt H
2
(KTC).
a. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc ?
b. Tnh a ?
2/ Dng kh CO kh hon ton 20 gam mt hn hp ( hn hp Y ) gm
CuO v Fe
2
O
3
nhit cao. Sau phn ng, thu c cht rn ch l cc
Trang 74
B dy hc sinh gii
kim loi, lng kim loi ny c cho phn ng vi dd H
2
SO
4
long (ly d), th
thy c 3,2 gam mt kim loi mu khng tan.
a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht c trong hn hp Y ?
b. Nu dng kh sn phm cc phn ng kh Y, cho i qua dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. Bit hiu sut ca
phn ng ny ch t 80% ?
Cu 6 (1,5 im): Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v bao
nhiu gam nc, pha ch c 500 gam dung dch CuSO
4
5%
Cho: Cu = 64; N = 14; O = 16; S = 32; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; C = 12
p n s 47
Cu/ Ni dung chnh cn tr li i
m
Cu 1
( 2 im )
Hc sinh ly ng cc VD, trnh by phng php tch
khoa hc, cht ch th cho mi VD 0,5 im
Cu 2
( 5,75
im )
1/ ( 1,5 )
2/ (0,75)
3/ ( 1 )
4/ ( 2,5 )
Cu 3
(2,75 )
- Vit ng mi PTHH cho 0,25 im
- Dn kh H
2
i qua cc ng s mc ni tip
PTHH: H
2
+ CuO

0
t
Cu + H
2
O
H
2
O + Na
2
O
2NaOH
3H
2
O + P
2
O
5

2H
3
PO
4
- Vit ng mi PTHH cho 0,25 im
- Nu ng c 4 loi hp cht v c: Oxit, axit,
baz, M ui
- Ly ng , , c tn chnh xc cc v d, cho
0,25 /vd
- Nu c cch tin hnh, chnh cc khoa hc
- Cch thu kh oxi
- Vit ng PTHH
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,5
2
1,75
0,5
0,5
Cu4(3,5
im)
1/
(1,5im)
Ta c: Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp kh l: M
= 14,75.2 =29,5
- Gi s mol ca O
2
l x, s mol ca N
2
l Y
M =
5 , 29
28 32
+
+
y x
y x
32x + 28 y = 29,5x + 29,5y
2,5x = 1,5 y => x : y = 3 : 5

0,25
1
0,25
Trang 75
B dy hc sinh gii
2/ ( 2 )
Cu 5(4,5
)
1/(1,5 )
2/ ( 3,0)
- Do cc th tch o cng iu kin nn: V
O
2
: V
N
2
=
3 : 5
- Ta c s ca phn ng l:
A + O
2

0
t
CO
2
+ H
2
O
- Trong A c chc chn 2 nguyn t: C v H
n
O
2
=
4 , 22
08 , 10
= 0,45 mol => n
O
= 0,9 mol
n
CO
2
=
44
2 , 13
= 0,3 mol, => n
C
= 0,3 mol, n
O
= 0,6 mol
n
H
2
O
=
18
2 , 7
= 0,4 mol, => n
H
= 0,8 mol, n
O
= 0,4 mol
- Tng s mol nguyn t O c trong sn phm l: 0,6 +
0,4 =1mol > 0,9 mol
Vy trong A c nguyn t O v c: 1 0,9 = 0,1 mol O
- Coi CTHH ca A l C
x
H
y
O
z
; th ta c:
x : y : z = 0,3 : 0,8 : 0,1 = 3 : 8 : 1. Vy A l:
C
3
H
8
O
a/ PTHH: A + 2xHCl
2ACl
x
+ xH
2
B + 2yHCl
2BCl
y
+ yH
2
b/ - S mol H
2
: n
H
2
=
4 , 22
96 , 8
= 0,4 mol, n
H
2
= 0,4.2 = 0,8
gam
- Theo PTHH => n
HCl
= 0,4.2 = 0,8 mol, m
HCl
= 0,8.36,5
= 29,2 gam
- p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c:
a = 67 + 0,8 29,2 = 38,6 gam
a/( 1,75) PTHH: CO + CuO

0
t
Cu + CO
2
(1)
3CO + Fe
2
O
3

0
t
2Fe +
3CO
2
(2)
Fe + H
2
SO
4

FeSO
4
+ H
2
(3)
- Cht rn mu khng tan chnh l Cu, khi
lng l 3,2 gam. n
Cu
=
64
2 , 3
= 0,05 mol, theo PTHH(1)
=> n
CuO
= 0,05 mol,
khi lng l: 0,05.80 = 4 g.Vy khi lng Fe: 20 4 = 16
gam
- Phm trm khi lng cc kim loi:
0,25
0,75
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,75
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,5
Trang 76
B dy hc sinh gii
% Cu =
20
4
.100 = 20%, % Fe =
20
16
.100 = 80%
b/ (1,25)Kh sn phm phn ng c vi Ca(OH)
2
l:
CO
2
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (4)
n
Fe
2
O
3
=
160
16
= 0,1 mol,
- Theo PTHH (1),(2) => s mol CO
2
l: 0,05 + 3.0,1
= 0,35 mol
- Theo PTHH(4) => s mol CaCO
3
l: 0,35 mol.
Khi lng tnh theo l thuyt: 0,35.100 = 35 gam
Khi lng tnh theo hiu sut: 35.0,8 = 28 gam
0,5
Cu 6:
(1,5 )
- Khi lng CuSO
4
c trong 500gam dd CuSO
4
4 % l:
100
4 . 500

= 20 g
Vy khi lng CuSO
4
.5H
2
O cn ly l:
160
250 . 20
= 31,25 gam
- Khi lng nc cn ly l: 500 31,25 = 468,75 gam
0,5
0,5
0,5
s 48
Bi 1: (2,5 im)
Cho cc s phn ng sau:
(1) C
x
H
y
O
z
+ O
2

? + H
2
O
(2) FeS
2
+ O
2

SO
2
+ ?
(3) Al + ?
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
(4) SO
3
+ ?
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O
(5) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Cu
? + CuSO
4
a, Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng.
b, Gi tn v phn loi cc hp cht cc cng thc ho hc tm c trong cc phn ng trn.
Bi 2: (2im)
a, Tnh khi lng ca st trong 50 kg qung cha 80 % Fe
2
O
3
.
B, Tm x trong cng thc Na
2
CO
3
.xH
2
O. Bit rng trong mui ngm nc th Na
2
CO
3
chim
37,07%.
Bi 3: (2,5 im)
a, C 4 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch BaCl
2
, NaCl, H
2
SO
4
v NaOH. Hy nu phng php
ha hc nhn bit cc cht trong mi l
b, Nu cc phng php sn xut Oxi trong cng nghip v vit phng trnh ng (nu c)
Bi 4: (3,0 im)
a, Cho 10,2 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc th thu
c 11,2 lt kh ( ktc). Hy tnh thnh phn
% v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
Trang 77
B dy hc sinh gii
b, Dn ton b kh H
2
thu c i qua ng c cha a gam Fe
2
O
3
c nung nng , sau phn ng
th ngi ta thu c 60 gam cht rn. Hy tnh a.
s 49
Bi 1(1,5 im) : Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau? Co bit mi phn ng thuc loi
no? V sao?
a, Al + ? Al
2
O
3
b, ? + O
2
P
2
O
5
c, H
2
O H
2
+ ?
d, KMnO
4
K
2
MnO
4
+ ? + ?
e, Fe + ? FeCl
3

Bi 2 (1,5 im): a, Tnh lng lu hunh ng vi 32 gam Oxi trong St (III)Sunfat v ng vi
14 gam St trong .
b, Tnh lng Oxi ng vi 24 kg Lu hunh c trong Nhm i Hidrophot phat ng vi 81 gam
Nhm trong .
Bi 3(1,5 im): C 4 bnh ng ring bit cc kh sau: Khng kh, kh Oxi, Kh Hiro v kh
Cacbonic. bng cch no nhn bit cc cht kh trong mi bnh. Gii thch v vit phng
trnh phn ng (nu c)
Bi 4(1,5 im): t chy hon ton 5,7 gam cht hu c X phi dng va ht 8,4 lt O2 (ktc).
Sn phm chy ch c CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l th tch 44:15 v khi lng. Hy tm cng thc ca
X.
Bi 5(2,0 im) a, Hy nu nhng cng thc ho hc Oxit phi kim khng phi l Oxit axit v
gii tch iu ph nhn ,
b, Hy nu nhng kim loi ho tri cao cng to ra Oxit axit
c, Nung a gam KClO3 v b gam KMnO4 thu c cng mt lng O2. Tnh t l a/b.
Bi 6(2,0 im): Cho a gam st vo HCl ( th nghim 1). Sau khi c cn ung dch thu c 3,1
gam cht rn. Nu cho a gam Fe v b gam Mg vo HCl ( th nghim 2) cung lng nh trn sau
khi c cn dung dch thu c 3,33 gam cht rn v 0,448 lt H
2
(ktc)
s 50
I/ Phn trc nghim khch quan (4,0 im)
1) Hy in nhng gi tr cha bit vo nhng trng trong bng bng cch thc hin
cc tnh ton theo mi ct.
Dung dch
i lng
CuSO
4
KOH BaCl
2
Ca(OH)
2
NaCl
m
ct
6 g 0,148 g 30 g
m
H
2
O
270 g
m
dd
240 g
V
dd
300 ml 100 ml
D
dd
(g/ml) 1,15 1,04 1,2 1 1,1
C% 15% 10%
C
M
0,25 M
Trang 78
B dy hc sinh gii
Chn mt p n ng trong 4 phng n mi cu ri ghi vo bi lm:
2) Lnh vc p dng quan trng nht ca kh oxi l:
A- S h hp B- t nhin liu trong tn la C- S t
nhin liu D- C A v C
no cho nhiu kh hiro nht:
4) tan ca mui K
2
SO
4
20
0
C l 11,1 g. Nng phn trm ca dung dch bo ha
nhit ny l
A. 11,1% B. 10% C. 17,4% D. 20%
5) pha ch dung dch NaOH 0,1M t 800 ml dung dch NaOH c nng 0,25M th
th tch nc cn ly thm l:
A. 800 ml B. 2000 ml C. 1200 ml D. 1000 ml
II/ Phn t lun (16,0 im)
Bi 1 (3,0 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc sau:
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2

0
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ Fe + HNO
3

0
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO

0
t
FeO + CO
2
5/ KNO
3

0
t
KNO
2
+ O
2
6/ C
2
H
4
+ O
2

0
t
CO
2
+ H
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, K
2
O, N
2
O
5
,
MgO, Al
2
O
3
.
Hy phn loi v c tn cc oxit trn. Vit cng thc ca axit tng ng vi cc oxit
axit v cng thc ca baz tng ng vi cc oxit baz.
Bi 3 (3,0 im): Dn t t 0,896 lt CO (ktc) qua m gam oxit st Fe
x
O
y
nung nng. Sau phn ng c 1,68 gam kim loi st.
1/ Tm gi tr m? bit rng phn ng xy ra hon ton theo s sau:
Fe
x
O
y
+ CO

0
t
Fe + CO
2
Bi 4 (7,0 im): Cho 11,9 gam hn hp hai kim loi Mg v Zn tc dng va ht
vi dung dch HCl, sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lit kh H
2
(ktc).
a. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
b. Xc nh khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp
c. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl dng bit nng dung dch HCl l 0,5M.
Cho: Mg = 24; Al = 27; Zn = 65; Fe = 56; Ba= 137;
Cu = 64; K = 39; S = 32; Ca = 40; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5; C =12; O = 16.
s 51
Cu1 (2): 1, Nguyn t X c tng cc ht l 52 trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 16 ht.
Trang 79
B dy hc sinh gii
a)Hy xc nh s p, s n v s e trong nguyn t X.
b) V s nguyn t X.
c) Hy vit tn, k hiu ho hc v nguyn t khi ca nguyn t X.
2, Nguyn t M c s n nhiu hn s p l 1 v s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10.Hy xc nh M l nguyn
t no?
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
2
O
3
Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 42,9% C v 57,1% O theo khi lng.
a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/H
2
= 14.
thu c kh CO
2
2
v
khi lng H
2
O to thnh.
s 52
Cu1 (2): 1, Tng s ht p ,e ,n trong nguyn t l 28 ,trong s
ht khng mang in chim xp x 35% .Tnh s ht mi loa .V s
cu to nguyn t .
2, Bit tng s ht p,n,e trong mt nguyn t l 155. s ht
mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Tm p,n,e,NTK
ca nguyn t trn ?
1/ FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
2/ KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3/ FeO + HNO
3
----> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
4/ Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
2
O
3
Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 82,76% C v 17,24% H theo khi lng.
a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/ KK = 2.
thu c kh CO
2
2
v
khi lng H
2
O to thnh
Trang 80
B dy hc sinh gii
s 53
Bi 1 (1,5 im) Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc s phn ng sau:
2) KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

K
2
SO
4
+ Al(OH)
3
3) Fe
x
O
y
+ CO
0
t
FeO + CO
2
4) C
n
H
2n-2
+ ?
CO
2
+ H
2
O.
5) FeS
2
+ O
2

Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
6) Al + HNO
3

Al(NO
3
)
3
+ N
2
O + H
2
O
Bi 2: (1,5 im)
Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc l ha cht b mt nhn gm: CaO; P
2
O
5
; MgO v
Na
2
O u l cht bt mu trng ?
Bi 3:(2,5 im)
t chy hon ton 4,48 lt H
2
trong 3,36 lt O
2
.Ngng t sn phm thu c cht lng A v kh
B .Cho ton b kh B phn ng ht vi 5,6 gam Fe thu c hn hp cht rn C. Ho tan ton b
cht rn C vo dung dch cha 14,6 gam HCl thu c dung dch D v kh E.
Xc nh cc cht c trong A,B,C,D,E. Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong A, C v s mol cc
cht c trong dung dch D.
Bit : 3Fe + 2O
2

0
t
Fe
3
O
4

Fe + 2HCl
FeCl
2
+ H
2

Fe
3
O
4
+ 8 HCl
FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
(Cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun )
Bi 4: (2,25 im)
Mt hn np kh ca Nit gm: NO, NO
2
; N
x
O bit thnh phn phn % v th tch cc kh trong
hn np l: %V
NO
= 50% ;
2
% 25%
NO
V
. Thnh phn % v khi lng NO c trong hn hp l
40%. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca kh N
x
O
.

Bi 5: (2,25 im)
Nung 400gam vi cha 90% CaCO
3
phn cn li l tr. Sau mt thi gian thu c cht
rn X v kh Y
a.Tnh khi lng cht rn X bit hiu sut phn hu CaCO
3
l 75%
b. Tnh % khi lng CaO trong cht rn X v th tch kh Y thu c ( KTC)
s 54
I- phn trc nghim: (3 im)
A- in t hoc cm t cn thiu vo trng.
Trang 81
B dy hc sinh gii
1) Nhng nguyn t c cng s ........1........ trong ht nhn u
l .......2......... cng loi, thuc cng mt ........3....... ho hc.
2) Cc .........4......... c phn t l ht hp thnh, cn .......5......... l ht hp
thnh ca ...........6.......... kim loi.
B- La chn p n ng.
1) S nguyn t H c trong 0,5 mol H
2
O l:
A. 3 . 10
23
nguyn t B. 6. 10
23
nguyn t
C. 9 . 10
23
nguyn t D. 12 . 10
23
nguyn t
2) Nguyn t A c in tch ht nhn l 11+. Hi nguyn t A c bao nhiu
lp electron ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4
3) Mt hp cht c phn t gm 2 nguyn t l X v O, nguyn t X c ho
tr VI. T khi ca hp cht vi oxi l 2,5. Nguyn t X l:
A. Nit B. Pht pho C. Lu hunh D. Cacbon
4) Trong cc cng thc ho hc sau, cng thc no sai ?
A. Fe
3
(HPO
4
)
2
B. Fe (H
2
PO
4
)
2
C. Fe (H
2
PO
4
)
3
D. Fe
2
(HPO
4
)
3
5) t chy 9 (g) st trong 22,4 lt kh oxi (ktc) khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton th khi lng oxit st t sinh ra l:
A. 12,2 (g) B. 11,6 (g) C. 10,6 (g) D. 10,2 (g)
6) Oxit axit tng ng ca axit HNO
3
l:
A. NO
2
B. N
2
O
3
C. N
2
O
5
D. NO
Trang 82
B dy hc sinh gii
a) KMnO
4

to
? + ? + ?
b) Fe + H
3
PO
4
? + ?
c) S + O
2

to
?
d) Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
t0
Fe
3
O
4
+ ?
KMnO
4
hoc KClO
3
4
v KClO
3
bng nhau
a) Th tch kh O
2
5) nhit 100
0
C tan ca NaNO
3
l 180g, 20
0
C l 88g. Hi c bao
nhiu gam NaNO
3
3
bo ho
t 100
0
C xung 20
0
C ?
1
2
(ktc). m
2
(g) X tc dng va vi
10,8 (g) nc. Tnh:
a) T l khi lng m
1
/ m
2
?
b) Nu cho m
2
Cho bit H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5;
Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Ba = 107
Trang 83
B dy hc sinh gii
s 55
Cu 1: (2 im) Phn loi cc hp cht sau v c tn: K2O, N2O5, Mg(OH)2, NaHSO3, H2S,
CuSO4, Ba(OH)2, HNO3.
Cu 2: (4 im) Vit PTHH xy ra (nu c) khi:
Dn kh hidro i qua ng cha ring bit MgO, Fe3O4, CaO, CuO u c nung nng.
Cho nc vo cc ng nghim cha cc cht ring bit: K2O, N2O5, SiO2, NaCl.NaOH, BaO,
SO2.
Cu 3: (5 im)
S khc nhau gia iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim v iu ch oxi trong cng nghip l g?
Vit PTHH chng minh (nu c)
Dn ra cc phng trnh ho hc chng minh rng phn ng ho hp, phn ng phn hu u
c th l phn ng oxi ho - kh.
Cu 4: (2 im) C 2 gi cht bt mu trng l CaO v P2O5 cha ring bit. Lm th no
nhn ra gi no cha cht g?
Cu 5: (3 im) Hn hp A gm CH4 v O2 c t khi vi SO2 l 0, 4375.
Tnh % v th tch v v khi lng ca hn hp A.
Gy n 13,44l hn hp A ri lm lnh sn phm thu c m gam nc v V lt kh B. Tnh t
khi ca hn hp B vi CH4.
Cu 6: (4 im) Cho a gam SO3 vo b gam dung dch H2SO4 4,9% thu c 240 g dung dich
H2SO4 24,5%.
Tnh a, b.
Cho 3,5g bt nhm vo 180g dung dch H2SO4 12,25%. Tnh th tch H2 sinh ra sau khi phn
ng kt thc.
Tnh C% ca dung dch.
s 56
TRC NGHIM
1/Cch hp l nht tch mui ra khi nc bin l:
a.Lc c.bay hi
b.dng phu chit d. yn cho mui lng xung ri gn nc i
e.khng tch c
2/A l cht lng khng tan trong nc.Nu c 2 lit hn hp cht A v ddNaCl trong nc,
phng php n gin nht ly A l:
a.chng ct c.lc
b.bay hi d.dung phu chit
e.c cn
3/ Thnh phn cu to ca nguyn t l:
a.proton v electron
b.ntron v electron
c.ntron v proton
d.proton, ntron v electron
4/ Khng nh no sau y l ng?Ht nhn nguyn t URAN 23892U gm:
a.92 proton v 146 electron
b.92 electron v 146 ntron
c.92 ntron v 146 proron
d.92 ntron v 146 electron
Trang 84
B dy hc sinh gii
e.93 proton v 146 ntron
5/Nguyn t X c nguyn t khi bng 3.5 ln nguyn t khi ca oxi.X l nguyn t no?
a.Ca
b.Na
c.K
d.Cu
e.Fe
6/Khi t chy mt cht trong oxi thu c kh CO
2
v hi nc H
2
O.Hi nguyn t no nht
thit phi c trong thnh phn cht mang t:
a.C v O
b.H v O
c.C v H
d.C , H v O
7/ vi c thnh phn chnh l canxi cacbonat khi nung nng n khon 1000
o
C th bin i
thnh hai cht mi l canxi oxit v cacbonic(cacbon ioxit).Vy canxi cacbonat c cu to bi
nhng nguyn t no:
a.Ca v O
b.O v C
c.Ca v C
d.Ca , C v O
T lun:
1/C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dd nh sau: K
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; KHCO
3
v
Na
2
CO
3
; KHCO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; Na
2
SO
4
v K
2
SO
4
. Trnh by PPHH nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch
dng thm dd HCl v dd Ba(NO
3
)
2
.
2/Cho 49,03 g dd HCl 29,78 % vo bnh cha 53,2g mt KL kim (nhm I). Cho bc hi cn
thn dd to thnh, trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c b rn. Xc nh kim loi trong
cc trng hp sau:
a) B rn ch c mt cht, c khi lng l 67,4 g.
b) B rn l hn hp 2 cht, c khi lng l 99.92 g.
c) B rn l hn hp 3 cht, c khi lng l 99.92 g.
3/Trn 2 a cn v tr cn bng, c 2 cc thy tinh vi khi lng bng nhau v u cha mt
lng dd HCl nh nhau, nu thm vo cc I m
1
g Fe v cc II m
2
g CaCO
3
, khi phn ng ha tan
ht th a cn tr li v tr cn bng. Tm t l m
1
/m
2
s 57
Cu 1: (2,5)
1- Mol l g? Khi lng mol l g? Khi lng mol l g? Khi lng mol
nguyn t, phn t l g?
2- Hy nu cng thc lin h gia s mol (n), khi lng cht (m) v khi l-
ng mol nguyn t (i vi nguyn t) hoc khi lng mol phn t (i vi
phn t) M.
3- Tnh khi lng mol nguyn t ca kim loi A bit 0,5 mol ca A c khi l-
ng 11,5 gam.
Cu2: (1,5 )
Trang 85
B dy hc sinh gii
Lp cng thc ha hc ca cc cht vi xi ca cc nguyn t sau y:
a. K(I) b.Mg(II) c. Al (III)
d. Pb(IV) e.P(V) g. S(VI)
Cu 3: (2,5)
Thay vo du hi cng thc ca nhng cht phn ng thc hin c
hon ton ri cn bng cc phn ng .
a. Mg + ? ---> Mg0
b. Zn + ? ---> ZnCl
2
+ H
2
.
c. ? + 0
2
----> P
2
0
5
t
0
d. KMn0
4
-----> K
2
Mn0
4
+ Mn0
2
+ ?
e. Cu0 + ? -----> Cu + H
2
0.
Cu 4: (3,5)
ha tan hon ton 8 gam oxit kim loi M cn dng 10,65 gam HCl. Hy
xc nh cng thc ha hc ca oxit kim loi
p n s 57
Cu 1: (2,5)
1- (1): - (0,5) Mol l lng cht c cha 6.10
23
nguyn t hoc phn t
ca cht .
- (0,25) khi lng mol ca 1 cht l khi lng tnh bng gam ca N
nguyn t hoc phn t cht .
- (0,25) Khi lng mol nguyn t (phn t) l khi lng tnh bng gam
ca N nguyn t (phn t).
2. (1): Cng thc lin h: n =
M
m
3. (0,5) M
A
=
nA
mA
--> M
A
=
5 , 0
5 , 11
=23 (g)
Cu 2: (1,5) a. K
2
0 b.Mg0 c. Al
2
0
3
b. Pb0
2
e. P
2
0
5
g.S0
3
- Lp ng mi cng thc cho 0,25im
Cu 3: (2,5)
a. 2Mg + 0
2
---> 2 Mg0
b. Zn + 2 HCl ---> ZnCl
2
+ H
2
c. 4P + 50
2
----> 2 P
2
0
5
t
0
d. 2KMn0
4
-----> K
2
Mn0
4
+ Mn0
2
+0
2
Trang 86
B dy hc sinh gii
e. Cu0 + H
2
----> Cu + H
2
0
- Chn ng cht in vo ? v cn bng c phng trnh ha hc, mi
cu cho 0,5.
Cu 4: (3,5) n
HCl
=
1000
5 , 1 200x
= 0,3 (mol) (0,25)
Gi M cng l nguyn t khi ca kim loi, ta c cng thc phn t ca
oxit kim loi l M
2
0
n
... Phng trnh phn ng.
M
2
0
n
+ 2nHCl ---> 2 MCl
n
+ nH
2
0 (1,25)
1mol 2n mol
n M 16 2
8
+
0,3 mol
Theo phng trnh trn ta c:
n M
nx
16 2
8 2
+
= 0,3 (0,5)
Gii phng trnh trn ta c: M=
n .
6 , 0
2 , 11
(0,5)
Vi n = 1 --.> M=
6 , 0
2 , 11
(loi) (0,25)
n= 2 --> M =
6 , 0
4 , 22
(loi) (0,25)
n = 3 --> M = 56 (Fe) . Cng thc xit kim loi l Fe
2
0
3
(0,5)
s 58
Cu 1:
C 400ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
15% , cn thm vo bao nhiu lt
nc c dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng 1,5M . Bit khi lng ring ca H
2
SO
4
1,6 gam/ml.
Cu 2:
t chy hon ton 1 gam hp cht hu c A, thu c 3,384 gam CO
2
v 0,694 gam H
2
O. T
khi hi so vi khng kh l 2,69 .
Xc nh cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca A
Cu 3:
a.Electron ca nguyn t hidro chuyn ng bn trong mt hnh cu c bn knh l 3.10
- 8
cm.
Ht nhn ca nguyn t hidro c coi nh mt qu cu c bn knh l 5,0.10
- 13
cm. Nu phng
i ht nhn ln thnh mt qu bng c ng knh l 6 cm th bn knh ca nguyn t s l bao
nhiu ?
b.Bit ht pron c khi lng l m
P
= 1,6726.10
- 27
kg . Tnh khi lng ring ca hidro, bit bn
knh nguyn t hidro l r = 5,3 . 10
- 9
cm v ht nhn nguyn t hidro ch c 1 proton ( khng c
ntron)

Cu 4:
C 5 l ho cht b mt nhn l: H
2
SO
4
, HCl, BaCl
2,
NaCl v NaOH. Em hy trnh by cch
nhn bit vi mt thuc th duy nht l qu tm?
Cu 5:
Cho 17,3 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi km v nhm tc dng vi ht 400 gam dung dch HCl.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ( cc cht tham gia va ) th thu c 15,68 lt kh hydro
iu kin tiu chun
a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra ?
Trang 87
B dy hc sinh gii
b. Tnh thnh phn phn trm mi kim loi c trong hn hp ?
c. Tnh C% ca mi mui c trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng?
Cho bit : H = 1. O= 16; Zn = 65 ; Al = 27 ; Cl = 35.5;

s 59
Phn I : Cu hi trc nghim ( 4 im ) :
Cu 1: Khi lng tnh bng gam ca nguyn t xy l :
A. 16 g
B. 26,568 .10
-24
g
C. 18 g
D. 32 . 10
-24
g
Cu 2 : Trong mt phn ng ho hc cc cht phn ng v sn phm cha cng :
A. S nguyn t trong mi cht.
B. S nguyn t to ra cht.
C. S nguyn t ca mi nguyn t.
D. S phn t ca mi cht.
Cu 3 : Hn hp kh gm 2g Hir v 16g xy c th tch o iu kin tiu
chun l :
A. 67,2 lt.
B. 36,6 lt.
C. 44,8 lt.
D. 22,4 lt.
Cu 4 : Gi s c phn ng ho hc gia X v Y to thnh cht Z v T ta c cng
thc v khi lng nh sau :
A. Z + Y = X + T.
B. X + Y = Z + T.
C. m
X
+ m
Y
= m
T
.
D. m
X
+ m
Y
= m
T
+ m
Z
Trang 88
Phn II : Cu hi t lun ( 6 im ).
Cu 1 : Hon chnh cc phn ng sau : ( vit y cc sn phm v cn
bng ).
a. MgCO
3
+ HNO
3

b. Al + H
2
SO
4

c. Fe
X
O
Y
+ HCl
d. Fe
X
O
Y
+ CO
e. Fe + Cl
2
f. Cl
2
+ NaOH
Cu 2: a, Trn 300g dung dch HCl 7,3% vi 200g dung dch NaOH. Tnh nng
phn trm ca cc cht tan trong dung dch thu c.
b, Trn 100 mol dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% ( d = 1,137g/ml ) vi 400g dung dch
BaCl
2
5,2% thu c kt ta A v dung dch B. Tnh khi lng kt ta A v nng
phn trm ca cc cht trong dung dch B.
p n s 59
Phn I : Cu hi trc nghim (4 im)
Cu 1 : B ( 1 im )
Cu 2 : C ( 1 im )
Cu 3 : B ( 1 im )
Cu 4 : D ( 1 im )
Phn II : Cu hi t lun: (6 im)
Cu 1 : (3 im ; mi cu ng 0.5 im)
a. MgCO
3
+ 2HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
b. 2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
c. Fe
X
O
Y
+ 2yHCl x FeCl
2y/x
+ yH
2
O
d. Fe
X
O
Y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2
e. 2Fe + 3Cl
2
3FeCl
3
f. Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
Cu 2 : (3 im)
a. Trc phn ng : n
NaOH
=
40 100
4 200
x
x
= 0.2 (mol). (0.2 im)
n
HCl
=
5 , 36 100
3 , 7 300
x
x
= 0.6 (mol) (0.2 im)
Ta c phn ng : HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O (0.4 im )
Trc phn ng : 0.6 mol 0.2 mol
Phn ng : 0.2 mol 0.2 mol
Sau phn ng : 0.4 mol 0 mol 0.2 mol (0.2 im )
Vy nng % ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng l :
%HCl =
200 300
100 5 , 36 4 , 0
+
x x
= 2,92% (0.25 im)
%NaCl =
200 300
100 5 , 58 2 , 0
+
x x
= 2,34% (0.25 im )
b. (1.5 im ):
Trc phn ng : nH
2
SO
4
=
98 100
20 137 , 1 100
x
x x
= 0,232 mol (0.1 im )
nBaCl
2
=
208 100
2 , 5 400
x
x
= 0,1 mol (0.1 im )
Ta c phn ng : H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl (0.2 im )
Trc phn ng :0,232 mol 0,1 mol
Phn ng : 0,1 mol 0,1 mol
Sau phn ng : 0,132 mol 0 mol 0,1 mol (0.2 im )
Khi lng kt ta A bng : 0,1x233 = 23,3g (0.2 im )
Ta c khi lng dung dch B bng tng khi lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
vdung dch BaCl
2
tr i lng kt ta.
m
B
= 100x1,137 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,4 g (0.2 im )
Vy nng % ca H
2
SO
4
d v HCl to thnh l :
%H
2
SO
4
=
4 , 490
100 98 132 , 0 x x
= 2,64% (0.25 im)
%HCl =
4 , 490
100 5 , 36 2 , 0 x x
= 1,49% (0.25 im)
s 60
90
Cu 1: (2 im)
Vit phng trnh phn ng vi kh oxi ca cc cht sau:
Lu hunh, metan, photpho, st , natri, canxi, nhm
Cu 2: (3 im)
t chy hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong khng kh. Bit
a,Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
b, Tnh th tch o xi phn ng v th tch khng kh cn dng ( ktc)
c, Tnh khi lng mi o xt sinh ra sau phn ng
d, c c lng o xi nh trn cn phn hu bao nhiu gam KMnO
4
, bit hiu sut
phn ng t 80%.
Cu 3: (4 im)
t chy 4,48 lt H
2
trong 3,36 lt O
2
. Ngng t sn phm thu c cht lng A v
kh B. Cho ton b kh B phn ng vi 5,6 gam Fe thu c rn C. Cho rn C vo
dung dch cha 14,6 gam HCl thu c dung dch D v kh E.
a, Xc nh cc cht c trong A,B,C,D,E
b, Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong A,C,D
c, Tnh th tch mi kh c trong B,E
Bit Fe + HCl --> FeCl
2
+ H
2
Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl --> FeCl
2
+ FeCl
3
+ H
2
O
Cc kh o c ktc
Cu 4: (1 im)
35,5 gam oxit ca nguyn t R (ho tr V) c s mol bng s mol ca 5,6 lt O
2
(ktc). Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R.
Cho: Mg = 24, Al = 27, O = 16, K = 39, Mn = 55, Fe = 56, Cu = 64, Cl = 35,5, P =
31
s 61
Cu 1 (4 im)
1. Hy gii thch:
a, Trong nh my, ngi ta khng cht cc gi lau my c dnh du m thnh ng lu ngy.
b, Trn nn hang su, trong y ging thng tch t nhiu kh .
c, Trc khi t , cn phi th xem kh c tinh khit khng.
d, Khi tt n cn, ngi ta y np n li.
2. C 4 l ng ring bit: nc ct, dd , dd NaOH, dd NaCl. Trnh by PP nhn bit tng cht
ng trong mi l.
Cu 2 (6 im)
1. Hon thnh cc PTHH sau:
a,
b,
c,
d,
2. Thay cc ch ci A, B, C, D, E v F bng CTHH ca cc cht thch hp ri vit cc PTHH thc hin
91
s chuyn ha sau:
A
B D E F
C
Bit D l n cht c nhiu trong khng kh.
Cu 3 (4 im)
1. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c tng s cc loi ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 10.
a, Xc nh s p, s n, s e ca nguyn t nguyn t .
b, V s nguyn t, bit nguyn t c 3 lp e v lp e ngoi cng c 1e.
2. Trong mt bnh kn cha 17,92 l hh kh gm v . T khi ca hh so vi l 4,75. t nng
bnh phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh kh/lg nc thu c sau phn ng.
Cu 4 (6 im)
1. Nung nng 806 g hh gm v , lng kh oxi thu c va t chy 173,6 g P.
a, Vit cc PT phn ng xy ra.
b, Tnh %m trong hh ban u.
2. iu ch , ngi ta cho 7,8 g hh 2 kim loi A (II) v B (III) tc dng vi dd (va ),
sau phn ng thu c 8,96 l kh . Bit NTK ca A bng NTK ca B v s mol B gp hai ln s mol
A.
a, Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
b, Xc nh A v B.
c,

s 62
3
+ 3H
2
; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl 2
FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
; d) CH
4
+ 2 O
2
SO
2

+ 2 H
2
O
a) C
4
H
9
OH + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ; b) C
n
H
2n - 2
+ ?
CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) KMnO
4
+ ? KCl + MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
d) Al + H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
sunfuric.
(gi s cc nguyn t oxi trong kh sunfuric tch ra v lin kt vi nhau to thnh
cc phn t oxi).
3
kh oxi thu c 4,48 dm
3
kh CO
2
v 7,2g hi nc.
92
b) Bit t khi ca A so vi hiro l 8. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v
gi tn A.
Bi 4: Cho lung kh hiro i qua ng thu tinh cha 20 g bt ng(II) oxit
400
0
p n s 62
Bi p n Thang
im
1(3
)
1(1
)
0125
3
m l
FeCl
2
hay l sai 1 sn phm
0,125 +
0125
0125
d) Sai, v C bin thnh S l khng ng vi
L BTKL
0,125 +
0125
2(1
)
3
tng ng
vi axit H
2
SO
4
Oxit do KL trng thi ho tr cao to nn l
CrO
3
tng ng vi axit H
2
CrO
4
0,25 +
0,25
d) . VD: Na
2
2
0,25 +
0,25
3(1
)
a) C
4
H
9
OH + 6 O
2
4 CO
2
+ 5
H
2
O
0,25
b) 2 C
n
H
2n - 2
+ (3n 1) O
2
2n CO
2

+ 2(n-1) H
2
O
0,25
c) 2 KMnO
4
2
+ 5 Cl
2
+ 8 H
2
O
0,25
d) 2 Al + 6 H
2
SO
4
(c, nng)
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3 SO
2
+ 6 H
2
O
0,25
2(1
)
n
SO3
= 16: 80 = 0,2 mol; n
O
= 0,2 .3 = 0,6
mol.
0,25 +
0,25
2
=> 2 mol O ---------------------------- 1 mol O
2

Vy: n
O2
= (0,6.1): 2 = 0,3 mol
0,25 +
0,25
3(3 @- HD: c 6 ln x 0,5 = 3 .
93
)
* S P chy: A + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O ;
m
O
trong O
2
=
g 8 , 12 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
96 , 8
(
;
* m
O sau P
= m
O
(trong CO
2
+ trong H
2
O) =
g 8 , 12 16 ). 1 .
18
2 , 7
( 16 ). 2 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
2
v H
2
O => trc P c
cc nguyn t C, H v O to nn cc cht P.
O sau P
= 12,8 g =
tng m
O
trong O
2
.
Vy A khng cha O m ch do 2 nguyn t l C
v H to nn.
m
A

P
= m
C
+ m
H
=
g 2 , 3 1 ). 2 .
18
2 , 7
( 12 ). 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( +
b) Ta c: M
A
= 8.2 = 16 g; t CTPT cn tm l
C
x
H
y
vi x, y nguyn dng
M
A
= 12x + y = 16g => phng trnh: 12x
+ y = 16 (*)
T l x: y= n
C
: n
H
=
x 4 y
4
1
y
x
hay 4 : 1 8 , 0 : 2 , 0 ) 2 .
18
2 , 7
( : ) 1 .
4 , 22
48 , 4
( >
thay vo (*):
12x + 4x = 16 x= 1 => y = 4. Vy CTPT
ca A l CH
4
, tn gi l metan.
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
4(3
)
PTP: CuO + H
2

C 400
0
Cu + H
2
O ;
a) Hin tng P: Cht rn dng bt CuO c mu en
dn dn bin thnh mu (Cu)
0,5
0,5
g 16
80
64 . 20
cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn

thu c theo u bi => CuO phi cn d.
CR sau P
= m
Cu
+ m
CuO
cn d
= x.64 + (m
CuO ban u
m
CuO P
)
= 64x +
(20 80x) = 16,8 g.
=> Phng trnh: 64x + (20-80x) =16,8 16x =
3,2 x= 0,2. => m
CuO P
= 0,2.80= 16 g
Vy H = (16.100%):20= 80%.
0,5
0,5
0,5
c) Theo PTP: n
H2
= n
CuO
= x= 0,2 mol. Vy: V
H2
=
0,2.22,4= 4,48 lt
0,5
s 63
1)Mt nguyn t c tng ba loi ht l 18 , s notron l 6 , s proton l :
A 10 B 8 C 6 D 5
94
2)Nguyn t c khi lng ln nht v Tri t l :
A oxi B silic C nhm D st
3)Hn hp A gm 0,2mol CH4 v 0,2mol C2H6 , t l s nguyn t H : C trong A l:
A 10:3 B 10:7 C 5:2 D 3:2
4)Trong qu trnh iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim bng phng php y nc ,lc dng th
nghim ngi ta cn ch iu g ?
A a ng dn kh ra khi nc ri tt n cn. B tt n cn ri a ng dn kh ra khi nc
C ch cn tt n cn D ngm ng dn kh trong du ho.
5)C 4 cht ring bit vi s mol nh nhau : Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , FeO , Cu2O .Cht no cn cht kh hiro
nhiu nht ?
A Fe2O3 B Fe3O4 C FeO D Cu2O
6)Cho Na d vo mt dung dch cha 2 cht tan l HCl v H2SO4 , c my phn ng sinh kh hiro ?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
7)Dy no sau y vit ng cng thc ho hc ?
A CuO , HCl , Na(OH)2 , CaCO3
B MgCl , KOH , H2SO4 , CO2
C Ca(OH)2 , Ba2O , H3PO4 , Al(NO3)3 D H2CO3 , Ba(OH)2 ZnSO4 , FeO
8)Cho cc s sau: C + O2 -> CO2 ; CO + Fe2O3 -> Fe3O4 + CO2
Al + CuO -> Al2O3 + Cu .
Cc cht oxi ho l:
A .O2, CO ,CuO B . O2 , Fe2O3 ,CuO C. O2 ,Fe2O3 ,Al D . CO ,C , Al
9) Trong s cc cht sau(c s mol bng nhau), cht no cn nhiu oxi nht khi chy vi oxi ?
A Na B Ca C Al D CH4
II/t lun
1) C 4 cht sau Na , NaOH, Na2O, Na3PO4.
a/ c tn cc hp cht ?
b/Vit mt s c ngha ch cha 4 cht trn (trong NaOH c vit 2 ln ,ba cht cn li vit 1 ln
trong s ) ri vit cc phng trnh ho hc theo s ? (4,5)
2) Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi Mg,Al,Fe vo dung dch cha 25,55 gam axit HCl, phn ng
kt thc thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) .
a/Axit HCl ht hay d ?
b/Tng khi lng mui c trong dung dch A?
c/ Cho 16 gam hn hp X trn vo dung dch H2SO4 d ,phn ng xong thu c V lt kh hiro
(ktc).
Tnh khi lng H2SO4 em th nghim, bit lng axit ly d 10%. (8,0)
3) Cho 2,1 gam kim loi A ho tr I vo nc d thu c lng H2 nh hn 1,12 lt kh (ktc).Nu
cho 8,2 gam kim loi A vo nc d th lng H2 thot ra vt qu 2,24 lt (ktc).
Xc nh kim loi A ? (3)
Cho Mg=24,Al=27,Fe=56 ,H=1,S=32,O=16,Na=23,K=39,Cl=35,5
s 64
Cu 1: (3 im)
95
a) Nguyn t Agon c 18 proton trong ht nhn. C bao nhiu lp electron v bao
nhiu s electron lp ngoi cng?
b) Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t R l 28, trong s ht
khng mang in chim khong 35,7%. S n v in tch ht nhn bng
bao nhiu?
c) Bit khi lng tnh bng gam ca 1 nguyn t C l 1,9926.10
-23
g. Hy tnh
khi lng 1 n v cacbon v khi lng 1 nguyn t Fe c khi lng bao nhiu
gam?
Cu 2: (4 im)
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau? Cho bit phn ng no l phn ng
oxi ho - kh ? Cht no l cht kh ? V sao?
a) FeS
2
+ O
2
----> Fe
2
O
3
+ ?
b) KOH + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
----> ? + Al(OH)
3
c) FeO + H
2
----> Fe + ?
d) Fe
x
O
y
+ CO ----> FeO + CO
2
Cu 3: (4 im)
a) Trong gi hc v s chy, mt hc sinh pht biu: Cy nn chy v bng n
in chy, pht biu c ng khng? Hy gii thch.
b) Khi mt ming cm, 1 ming bnh m vo ming c rng nhai vn ra, cng
nhai cng thy ngt. Theo em qu trnh trn u l hin tng vt l, u l
hin tng ha hc? Gii thch.
Cu 4: (4 im)
Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta dng hiro kh st (III) oxit v thu c
5,6 gam st.
a) Vit phng trnh ca phn ng xy ra;
b) Tm khi lng st (III) oxit phn ng;
c) Tm th tch kh hiro tiu th (ktc).
Cu 5: (5 im)
Dn t t 8,96 lt H
2
x
O
y
nung nng. Sau phn ng
c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn nng 28,4 gam (phn ng xy ra
hon ton).
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng v tm gi tr m?
b) Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi lng
st n cht.
Ht
Lu : - Cho: C = 12; Fe = 56; O = 16; H = 1.
- Hc sinh c php s dng bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
- Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm./.
p n s 64
Cu 1
(3
im)
a) Nguyn t trung ho v in nn s e = s p = 18, th
t cc lp e l:
lp1 c 2e; lp 2 c 8e, lp 3 c 8e nn:
0,25
0,25
96
- C 03 lp electron
- C 8 electron lp ngoi cng
b) Theo u bi: n + p + e = 28 chim 100%
n = ? chim 35,7%. n = 10
ta li c:
18
p e
p e

'
+
p = 9
c) 1 nguyn t C c 12 vc nng 1,9926.10
-23
g
1 vc nng x g x =
1,6605.10
-24
g
m
Fe
= 1,6605.10
-24
.56 = 9,2988.10
-24
g
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
Cu 2
(4
im)
4FeS
2
(r)

+ 11O
2
(k)
o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
(r) + 8
SO
2
(k)
6KOH(dd) + Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
(dd)

3K
2
SO
4
(dd) +
2Al(OH)
3
(r)
FeO(r) + H
2
(k)
o
t
Fe(r) + H
2
O(h)
Fe
x
O
y
(r) + (y-x) CO(k)
o
t
xFeO(r) + (y-
x)CO
2
(k)
Cc phn ng (a), (c), (d) l phn ng oxi ho kh
Cht kh l FeS
2
, H
2
, CO. V chng l cht chim oxi ca
cht khc.
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
1
1
Cu 3
(4
im)
a) Na ng, na sai:
- Nn chy l do nn c paraphin tc dng vi oxi phn ng
to nhit v pht sng l hin tng ho hc.
- Bng n in pht sng l do c dng in lm cho
dy tc bng n nng ln pht sng l hin tng
vt l.
b) - Cm, bnh m vn ra l hin tng vt l.
- V cm vn l cm, bnh m vn l bnh m.
- Khi nhai lu cng ngt l hin tng ha hc
- V cm, bnh m (gluxit) bin i thnh ng.
0,5
0,75
0,75
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
Cu 4
(4
im)
5, 6
0,1( )
56
Fe
m
n mol
M

Fe
2
O
3
(r) + 3H
2
(k)
o
t
2Fe(r) + 3H
2
O(h)
1 mol 3 mol 2 mol
0,05 mol 0,15 mol 0,1 mol
. 0, 05.160 8( )
2 3
m n M gam
Fe O

.22, 4 0,15.22, 4 3, 36( )
2
V n l
H

0,5
0,5
1
1
1
Cu 5
(5
im)
a) S mol cc cht:

n
H
2
= 8,96 : 22,4 = 0,4 mol

n
H
2
O

= 7,2 : 18 = 0,4 mol.
=> s mol oxi nguyn t l 0,4 mol

=>

m
O
= 0,4.16 = 6,4gam
0,5
0,5
97
Vy khi lng Fe
x
O
y
ban u bng khi lng hn hp hai cht
rn sau phn ng cng vi khi lng nguyn t O mt i t
Fe
x
O
y
:
m = 28,4 + 6,4 = 34,8 gam
b) Trong hh A khi lng st n cht l:
m
Fe
= 59,155 x 28,4 = 16,8 gam; n
Fe
= 16,8 : 56 = 0,3 mol.
x
O
y
iu kin x, y nguyn d-
ng ta c:
Fe
x
O
y
+ y H
2

o
t
xFe + y H
2
O (1)
y mol x mol y mol
0,4mol 0,3 mol 0,4mol
Theo (1):
0, 3 3
0, 4 4
x
y

=> x= 3, y= 4 tng ng cng thc Fe
3
O
4
.

0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
s 65
Cu 1: (3,0 im)
Cho s phn ng sau: Zn + HCl ---> ZnCl
2
+ H
2
a/ Hy lp thnh phng trnh ha hc v ni r c s vit thnh PTHH?
b/ Hy v s tng trng cho phn ng ha hc ni trn v gii thch ti sao li c
s to thnh cht mi sau phn ng ha hc?
Cu 2: ( 4,0 im )
C nhng cht sau: Zn, Cu, Al, H
2
O, C
12
H
22
O
11
, KMnO
4
, HCl , KClO
3
, KNO
3
,
H
2
SO
4
long , MnO
2
.
a) Nhng cht no c th iu ch c kh : H
2
, O
2
.

b) Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra khi iu ch nhng cht kh ni trn (ghi
iu kin
nu c) .
c) Trnh by ngn gn cch thu cc kh trn vo l.
Cu 3:( 4,0 im)
Cac bon oxit CO tc dng vi kh oxi to ra cacbon ioxit. Hy in vo
nhng trng s mol cc cht phn ng v sn phm c nhng thi im
khc nhau. Bit hn hp CO v O
2
ban u c ly ng t l v s mol cc cht
theo phn ng.
Cc thi im
S mol
Cc cht phn ng Sn phm
CO O
2
CO
2
Thi im ban
u t
0
20 ... ...
Thi im t
1
15 ... ...
98
Thi im t
2
... 1,5 ...
Thi im kt
thc
... ... 20
Cu 4: (3,0 im)
Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht trong p, n, e l 115. S ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t R ?
Cu 5 : ( 6,0 im)
a/ Ho tan hon ton 3,6 g mt kim loi A ha tr II bng dung dch axit
clohiric thu c 3,36 lt kh hiro (ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi A?
b/ Nu cho lng kim loi A ni trn vo 14,6 g axit clohiric, tnh khi lng cc
cht thu c sau khi phn ng?
(Bit: in tch ht nhn ca 1 s nguyn t : K: 19 + ; Zn : 30 + ; Br : 35 + ;
Ag : 47 +
Nguyn t khi: Ca = 40; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; H = 1; Cl = 35,5; C =
12;
O = 16.)
p n s 65
Cu Ni dung i
m
Cu
1
( 3
)
- Lp PTHH
- C s: p dng theo lBTKL
- V s
- Gii thch: trt t lin kt cc ngt thay i...
0,5
0,5
1,0
1.0
Cu
2
(4
)
a)
Nhng cht dng iu ch kh H
2
: Zn, Al, H
2
O, HCl, H
2
SO
4
Nhng cht dng iu ch kh O
2
: KMnO
4
, KClO
3
, KNO
3
, MnO
2
b) Cc PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl
2
+ H
2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
Zn + H
2
SO
4
--> ZnSO
4
+ H
2
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
--> Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
2H
2
O
dp
2H
2
+ O
2
2KMnO
4
0
t
K
2
MNO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
2KClO
3

o
t 2KCl + 3O
2
2KNO
3

0
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2
c) Cch thu:
1,0
0.5
0.5
2,0
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
99
+ Thu Kh H
2
: - y nc
- y khng kh ( p bnh thu)
+ Thu Kh O
2
: - y nc
- y khng kh (nga bnh thu)
1,0
0.5
0.5
Cu
3 (4
)
Cc thi im
S mol
Cc cht phn ng Sn phm
CO O
2
CO
2
Thi im ban u
t
0
20 10 0
Thi im t
1
15 7,5 5
Thi im t
2
3 1,5 17
Thi im kt thc 0 0 20
in
n
g
mi
v
tr
c
0,5
.
Cu
4 (3
)
- Lp biu thc tnh : s ht mang in = s ht khng mang
in.
- T s p => in tch ht nhn => tn gnuyn t
1,5
1,5
Cu
5 (6
)
a/ Vit PT: A +2 HCl --> ACl
2
+ H
2
Tnh A = 24 => A l Mg
b/ So snh kt lun HCl d
Sau phn ng thu c MgCl
2
, H
2
v HCl d
3,0
1,5
1,5
s 66
Cu 1: (3) Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu m em cho l ng.
1.Dy cng thc sau ton l oxt, axt:
A. C0
2
; H
2
0; F
e 2
0
3;
P
2
0
5
B. C0
2
; S0
3
; M
n
0
7
; C
r
0
3
C. C
u
0; S0
3
; C
a
O ; P
2
0
5
D. N
a
0; S0
2
; N
2
0
3
; Al
2
0
3
100
2. t chy hon ton 1g n cht x cn 0,7 lt kh 0
2
( iu kin TC) vy
x l:
A. Cc bon
B. Lu hunh
C. St
D. Pht pho
3.Khi cho x lin kt vi oxi c cng thc X
2
0
3
Y lin kt vi hyr c cng thc HY
Nu X lin kt vi Y c cng thc no trong cc cng thc sau:
A: XY
B: X
2
Y
3
C: XY
3
D: X
3
Y
E: X
2
Y
101
Cu 2: (5) Cho s phn ng sau:
a.F
e
S
2
X Y Z C
u
S0
4
A + M,t
0
+G B
b. A +N, t
0
F
e

A +Q, t
0
+H C
Bit: A + HCl B + C + H
2
0
Tm cc cht c k hiu bng cc ch ci v hon thnh cc phng trnh
ho hc .
Cu 3: (2) Mt kim loi A (cha r ho tr ) c t l khi lng oxi l 3/7%A. tm
cng thc oxt kim loi .
Cu 4 : (4) t chy hon ton 15g hn hp gm CH
4
v C0 trong khng kh thu
c 16,8 lt C0
2
(ktc)
a. Tnh % khi lng cc kh trong hn hp bn u.
b. Tnh th tch khng kh cn dng.
Cu 5 : (6) t chy hon ton m
1
gam nc ho tan va 16g kali oxt (K
2
0).
Bit t l s mol n
CO2
: n
H2O
to thnh l: 1: 2
a. Tnh khi lng m
1
ca hp cht X dng.
b.Tnh th tch kh CO
2
p n s 66
Cu 1: (3)
1: B (1)
2: B (1)
3: C (1)
Cu 2: (3)
102
a. S phn ng
F
e
S
2
SO
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4
C
u
SO
4
(1)
t
o

4F
e
S
2
+ 11O
2
2F
e
O
3
+ 8SO
2
(0,5)
2SO
2
+ O
2

2SO
3
(0,5)
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
(0,5)
C
u
O + H
2
SO
4
C
u
SO
4
+ H
2
O (0,5)
b.F
e3
O
4
+ CO, t
O
+Cl
2
F
e
Cl
3
(1)
F
e2
O
4
+Al, t
o
F
e
F
e2
O
4
+ H
2
, t
O

+HCl F
e
Cl
2
F
e3
O
4
+ 4CO 3F
e
+ 4CO
2
(0,25)
3F
e3
O
4
+ 8Cl 9F
e
+ 4AlO
3
(0,25)
F
e3
+ 4H
2
3F
e
+ 4H
2
O (0,25)
2F
e
+ 3Cl
2
F
e
Cl
2
+ H
2
(0,25)
F
e
+ 2HCl F
e
Cl
2
+ H
2
(0,25)
F
e3
O
4
+ 8HCl 2F
e
Cl
3
+ F
e
Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O (0,5)

Cu 3: (2) Gi A l nguyn t kim loi, tng s phn oxi v kim loi A l 3/7%
+ % A = 10/7%
Mt khc %0 + % A = 100% %A = 70% (2)
%0 = 30%
Nu gi n l ho tr ca A ta c cng thc oxt A
2
O
n
ta c t l v khi lng
2A = 16n A = 56n (0,5)
70 30 3
Kim loi thng c gi tr t 1 n 3
103
n 1 2 3
A 18,7 37,3 56

Chn n = 3 A l F
e
(F
e
= 56) (0,5)
Cu 4: (4)
Phng trnh ho hc sy ra
CH
4
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O (1) (0,5)
2CO + O
2
2CO
2
(2) (0,25)
S mol ca CO
2
thu c (ktc)
n
CO2
= 16,8

0,75 (mol) (0,25)
22,4
Nu gi x l s mol ca CO
2
phng trnh (1) Y l s mol phng trnh (2)
ta c:
x+ y = 0,75 (a) (0,25)
Theo phng trnh ho hc (1)
n
CH4
= n
CO2
= x (mol)

Theo PTHH (2)
n
CO
= n
CO2
= y (mol)
Theo bi ra ta c:
16x + 28y = 15 (g) (b) (0,5)
T (a) va (b) ta c x = 0,25 (0,5)
y = 0,5
a. Phn trm v khi lng cc kh hn hp ban u m
CH4
= 16 . 0,25 = 4g
% CH
4
= 4/15 . 100% = 26,66% (0,5)
104
% CO = 100% - 26,66% = 73,34% (0,5)
b. T phng trnh ho hc ta c :
CH
4
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,25mol 0,25 mol
2CO + O
2
2CO
2
1/2 . 0,5mol 0,5 mol
Vy th tch oxi cn dng (ktc)
V
02
= (0,25 + 1/2 .0,5) 22,4 = 11,2 (1) (0,5)
V trong khng kh oxi chim 1/5 v th tch
Nn V
kk
= 11,2 x 5 = 56 (1) (0,5)
Cu 5: a)S mol ca oxi, K
2
O cn dng l
VO
2
= V
kk
= 22,4 = 4,48 (0,5)
5 5
n
02
= 4,48 = 0,2 (mol)
22,4
m
02
= 0,2 . 32 = 6,4 (g)
n
k20
= 16,8 0,2(mol) (0,5)
84
Theo ra ta c x + O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (1) (0,5)
Theo lBTKL m
x
+ m
O2
+ m
H2O
(0,5)
K
2
O + H
2
O 2KOH (2) (0,5)
1mol 1mol 1mol
x = 0,2 . 1 = 0,2 mol (0,5)
1
m
H2O
= 0,2 . 18 = 3,6 (g) m
2
= 3,6 (g) (0,5)
105
T (1) m
CO2
= 0,1 . 44 = 4,4 (g) (theo gi thuyt ) (3)
N
CO2
: n
H2O
= 1: 2) (0,5)
T (1) v (2) v (3) m
X
= (m
CO2
+ m
H2O
) - m
O2
M
x
= (4,4 + 3,6) - 6,4 = 1,6 (g) (1)
Vy m
1
= 1,6 (g)
b) Th tch kh CO
2
thu c ktc l
V
CO2
= 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (1) (1) ./.
s 67
Cu 1(4 im). Nu phng php phn bit:
a. Cc cht bt ring bit sau: iphtphopenta oxit, canxi oxit v magi oxit.
b. Cc cht lng ring bit sau: Dung dch axit clohiric, dung dch nari hirxit, nc ct v mui n.
Cu 2( 5 im)
a. C mt hn hp gm: Bt lu hunh,mui n v mt st.Hy nu phng php tch ring mi cht ra
khi hn hp ca chng.
b. Cho cc cht sau: K, Al, H2O , KMnO4 , KClO3, ,H2SO4 long. Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc
iu ch kh oxi v kh hiro.
c. Cho cc cht sau: N2O5, SO3, Na, Mg, O2, Na2O, NO2, SiO2, CaO, P. Nhng cht no tc dng vi
nc ? Vit c phng trnh ho hc xy ra.
Cu 3:( 4 im)
a. Hy tnh ho tr ca Nit trong hp cht c thnh phn khi lng nh sau: 3/17 l Hir, 14/17 l
Nit.
b. Xc nh cc cht A, B, C, v vt cc phng trnh ho hc sau:
KClO3-> A ->B ->C ->H2
Cu 4:(3 im): Kh hon ton 16 gam mt oxit st cn dng 6,72 lt H2 ( ktc) .
a. Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra.
b. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca oxit st .
Cu5:( 4 im):
Cho 10 lt kh Nit tc dng vi 10 lt kh H2 nhit cao tng hp kh NH3. Sau phn ng thu
c 14 lt hn hp kh gm N2,, H2 v NH3.
a. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp thu c .
b. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng .
Bit cc kh o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut .
( Cho: Fe = 56, N = 14, H = 1, O = 16 )
s 68
Cu 1:
1. Nguyn t ho hc c th tn ti ngng dng no? Trong t nhin dng no l
ph bin hn?
106
2. Cch biu din cc nguyn t ho hc? Hy nu ngha cc k hiu sau: 2H;
O; 3Cu; 2Fe?
3. K hiu ho hc ch ra iu g? Vit k hiu ho hc biu din cc nguyn
t lu hunh; hir; clo; natri; cacbon; nhm; st.
Cu 2:
Nung hn hp gm 2 mui CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
thu c 76g hai oxit v 66g CO
2
. Vit
phng trnh phn ng, tnh khi lng hai mui ban u?
Cu 3:
tng nng sut cy trng, mt bc nng dn n ca hng phn bn
mua phn m. Ca hng c cc loi phn m sau: NH
4
NO
3
(m 2 l);
(NH
2
)
2
CO (m Ur); (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
(m 1 l). Theo em bc nng dn mua 500kg
phn m th nn mua loi phn m no c li nht? V sao?
Cu 4:
Xc nh khi lng ca hn hp cc cht sau:
a. 4,5 . 10
23
nguyn t oxi; 7,5 . 10
23
phn t kh cacbonic; 0,12 . 10
23
phn t
ozon.
b. 0,45 . 10
23
phn t NaCl v 0,75 . 10
23
phn t CH
3
COOH (axit axetic)
Cu 5:
Cho H
2
kh 16g hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v CuO trong khi lng ca CuO chim 25%.
a. Tnh khi lng Fe v Cu to thnh sau phn ng.
b. Tnh th tch H
2
tham gia phn ng?
Cho bit: Ca = 40; C = 12; O = 16; Mg = 24; H = 1; Cu = 64; Fe = 56; Na
= 23;
Cl = 35,5; S = 32; N = 14;
P N 68
C
u
p n v thang im im
1 1. Nguyn t ho hc c th tn ti hai dng.
- Dng t do nh: cacbon (than), lu hunh, kh hir.
- Dng ho hp: dng ph bin l sng ho hp v hn 100
n cht m c ti hng triu hp cht, v d nh ch vi 1
nguyn t C to ra hng triu hp cht hu c, v nhiu
hp cht v c.
2. Mi nguyn t ho hc c biu din bng 1 ch ci vit
kiu in hoa, hoc 1 ch ci vit kiu in hoa km theo mt
ch ci vit thng.
V d: H, O , Fe, Cu
3. Mi k hiu ho hc cho ta bit: tn nguyn t, mi
nguyn t v nguyn t khi ca nguyn t .
107
v d: Cu nguyn t ng, 1 nguyn t ng, nguyn t
khi 64.
2 Phng trnh phn ng:
900
3 2
900
3 2
o
o
C
C
CaCO CaO CO
MgCO MgO CO
+
+
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c.
3 3 2
CaCO MgCO CaO MgO CO
m m m
+ +
+

Khi lng ca hn hp hai mui ban u: 76 + 66 = 142(g)
3 Mua phn m c li nht l loi phn c cha t l %N
cao nht.
4 3
2 2
4 2 4
( )
( )
20 100
80 % 35%
80
28 100
60 % 46, 6%
60
28 100
132 % 21, 2%
132
NH NO
NH CO
NH SO
M N
M N
M N

Nh vy bc nng dn nn mua phn m ur (NH
2
)
2
CO l
c li nht v t l %N cao.
4
a.
2 2
23
23
4, 5.10
0, 75 0, 75 32 24
6.10
O O
n mol m g

2 2
23
23
7, 5.10
1, 25 1, 25 44 55
6.10
CO CO
n mol m g
S 69
Cu 1: ( 2 im )
T cc ha cht c sn sau y: Mg ; Al ; Cu ; HCl ; KClO
3
; Ag . Hy lm th no c th thc hin
c s bin i sau: Cu --- > CuO --- > Cu
Nu r cc bc lm v vit phng trnh ha hc - nu c
Cu 2: ( 3 im )
Kh hon ton 11,5 gam mt xit ca Ch bng kh Hiro, th thu c 10,35 gam kim loi Ch.
Tm cng thc ha hc ca Ch xit.
Cu 3: ( 5 im )
Cc cht no sau y c th tc dng c vi nhau? Vit phng trnh ha hc.
K ; SO
2
; CaO ; H
2
O , Fe
3
O
4
, H
2
; NaOH ; HCl.
Cu 4: ( 6 im )
Kh hon ton hn hp (nung nng ) gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng kh Hiro, sau phn ng thu c 12
gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Ngm hn hp kim loi ny trong dung dch HCl, phn ng xong ngi ta li
thu c kh Hiro c th tch l 2,24 lt.
D) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
E) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi Oxit c trong hn hp ban u.
108
F) Tnh th tch kh Hiro dng ( ktc ) kh kh hn hp cc Oxit trn.
Cu 5: ( 4 im )
Cho 28 ml kh Hiro chy trong 20 ml kh Oxi.
C) Tnh : khi lng nc to thnh.
D) Tnh th tch ca nc to thnh ni trn.
( Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun )
S 70
Cu 1: ( 5 im)
1/ Tm cc cht thch hp thay vo cc ch ci A,B ri hon thnh cc PTHH sau:
A CaO B A ( Bit A l thnh phn chnh ca vi )
2/ Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc kh ng trong cc bnh ring bit:
SO2; H2; O2; N2
3/ T cc cht ban u l: KMnO4, Zn, S , H2SO4( long), c th iu ch c t nht nhng kh
g ? Vit phng trnh ho hc ?
Cu 2: ( 3,5 im ) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc khi cho
1/ Fe, Al, Cu, S, P, C tc dng ln lt vi O2 nhit cao?
2/ H2 kh ln lt cc oxit: CuO, PbO, FeO, Fe2O3 nhit cao ?
3/ H2O tc dng ln lt vi: K, Na, BaO, SO3
Cu 3: ( 3,5 im )
1/ Mt hp cht A c to nn bi 3 nguyn t ho hc l: Fe, S, O . Trong A, c phn trm khi lng
ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 28 %, 24 %, 48 %. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn ?
2/ 1 mol hn hp kh B gm H2 v 2 oxit ca Nit
Trong : % VH = 50%, % VNO= 25% v khi lng H2 chim 5 % B.
Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca oxit cha bit ?
Cu 4 ( 3 im ) Cho 5,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v kim loi R (cha r ho tr) phn ng va ht
vi 400 ml dung dch HCl. Kt thc phn ng thu c 5,6 lt H2( ktc ).
1/ Tnh nng mol/l ( CM) ca dung dch HCl cn dng ? Bit th tch dung dch coi nh khng thay
i
2/ Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng ?
S 71
Cu 1: ( 5 im)
1/ Tm cc cht thch hp thay vo cc ch ci A,B ri hon thnh cc PTHH sau:
A CaO B A ( Bit A l thnh phn chnh ca vi )
2/ Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc kh ng trong cc bnh ring bit:
SO2; H2; O2; N2
3/ T cc cht ban u l: KMnO4, Zn, S , H2SO4( long), c th iu ch c t nht nhng kh
g ? Vit phng trnh ho hc ?
Cu 2: ( 3,5 im ) Vit cc phng trnh ho hc khi cho
1/ Fe, Al, Cu, S, P, C tc dng ln lt vi O2 nhit cao?
2/ H2 kh ln lt cc oxit: CuO, PbO, FeO, Fe2O3 nhit cao ?
3/ H2O tc dng ln lt vi: K, Na, BaO, SO3
Cu 3: ( 3,5 im )
1/ Mt hp cht A c to nn bi 3 nguyn t ho hc l: Fe, S, O . Trong A, c phn trm khi lng
ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 28 %, 24 %, 48 %. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn ?
2/ 1 mol hn hp kh B gm H2 v 2 oxit ca Nit
109
Trong : % VH = 50%, % VNO= 25% v khi lng H2 chim 5 % B.
Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca oxit cha bit ?
Cu 4 ( 3 im ) Cho 5,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v kim loi R (cha r ho tr) phn ng va ht
vi 400 ml dung dch HCl. Kt thc phn ng thu c 5,6 lt H2( ktc ).
1/ Tnh nng mol/l ( CM) ca dung dch HCl cn dng ? Bit th tch dung dch coi nh khng thay
i
2/ Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng ?
Cu 5 :( 5 im ) Dn 4,928 lt CO (ktc) i qua hn hp A nng 7,48 gam cha MxOy v CuO(nung
nng) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn B v kh C ( kh C c t khi so vi H2 l
18). Ho tan B trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,2 gam Cu khng tan.
1/ Vit cc PTHH xy ra ?
2/ Tnh phn trm khi lng tng cht c trong hn hp A ?
3/ Tnh th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng vi hn hp A ?
Bit: MxOy b CO kh nhit cao, M c ho tr thay i. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
Cho: N = 14, O = 16, C= 12, H = 1, Na = 23, Fe = 56, S = 32, Cu = 64, Cl = 35,5
S 72
Cu 1:
1. Dng nguyn liu no iu ch kh oxi trong phng th nghim. Hy trnh by cch tin hnh iu
ch thu c 2,24 lt kh oxi ( ktc) c tinh khit cao.
2. Cho cc cht sau: CaO, SO3, Fe2O3, K, CuO, Zn, P2O5. Nhng cht no tc dng c vi nc, vi
hiro ? Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra (ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c).
Cu 2: Mt tm nhm nng 8 gam trong khng kh mt thi gian b oxi ho khi lng tng thnh
8,96 gam. Tnh phn trm khi lng nhm b oxi ho.
Cu 3:
1. Nguyn t X c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 46, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn ht
khng mang in l 14. Hy xc nh X.
2. Hn hp kh Z gm CO v H2 c t khi so vi kh hiro l 7,5. Cn thm bao nhiu lt kh H2 vo 50
lt hn hp Z cho t khi gim i 2 ln.
Cu 4: Cho hi nc i qua than nng thu c 3,92 lt kh A ( ktc). Cho A phn ng va vi
25,2 g oxit kim loi st thu c cht rn B. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
a. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc kh trong A.
b. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca oxit st.
Cu 5 . C mt hn hp 2 mui A2SO4 v BSO4 ( A, B l 2 cht bt k) c khi lng 44,2g tc dng
va vi 62,4g dung dch BaCl2 th cho ra 69,9g kt ta BaSO4 v 2 mui tan. Tm khi lng 2 mui
tan sau phn ng.
S 73
Cu 1:
1. Dng nguyn liu no iu ch kh oxi trong phng th nghim. Hy trnh by cch tin hnh iu
ch thu c 2,24 lt kh oxi ( ktc) c tinh khit cao.
2. Cho cc cht sau: CaO, SO3, Fe2O3, K, CuO, Zn, P2O5. Nhng cht no tc dng c vi nc, vi
hiro ? Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra (ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c).
Cu 2: Mt tm nhm nng 8 gam trong khng kh mt thi gian b oxi ho khi lng tng thnh
8,96 gam. Tnh phn trm khi lng nhm b oxi ho.
Cu 3:
110
1. Nguyn t X c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 46, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn ht
khng mang in l 14. Hy xc nh X.
2. Hn hp kh Z gm CO v H2 c t khi so vi kh hiro l 7,5. Cn thm bao nhiu lt kh H2 vo 50
lt hn hp Z cho t khi gim i 2 ln.
Cu 4: Cho hi nc i qua than nng thu c 3,92 lt kh A ( ktc). Cho A phn ng va vi
25,2 g oxit kim loi st thu c cht rn B. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
a. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc kh trong A.
b. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca oxit st.
Cu 5 . C mt hn hp 2 mui A2SO4 v BSO4 ( A, B l 2 cht bt k) c khi lng 44,2g tc dng
va vi 62,4g dung dch BaCl2 th cho ra 69,9g kt ta BaSO4 v 2 mui tan. Tm khi lng 2 mui
tan sau phn ng.
S 74
Cu 1: (2 im )
Ly cng mt lng m gam mi kim loi Mg, Al, Zn ln lt b vo 3 bnh u cha 150ml dung dch
H2SO4 0,2M. Gii thch v cho bit trng hp no lng H2 thu c l nhiu nht?
Cu 2: ( 2,5 im )
Trnh by phng php nhn bit cc kh: CO2; O2; N2; H2
Cu 3: (3 im)
Dung dch H2SO4 c nng 0,2M (dung dch A) v dung dch H2SO4 c nng 0,5M ( dung dch
B)
a. Nu trn A v B theo th tch VA:VB = 2 : 3 c dung dch C. Hy xc nh nng mol ca dung
dch C.
b. Phi trn A vi B theo t l no v th tch c dung dch H2SO4 c nng 0,3M.
c. Nu cho 0,65g km vo dung dch C trn th thu c bao nhiu lt H2 ( ktc). Cht no cn d
sau phn ng?
Cu 4: ( 2,5 im )
t chy hon ton 5,4g mt kim loi M ho tr (III) trong oxi d thu c 20,4g oxit ca n. Xc nh
kim loi M v tnh th tch O2 ( ktc) phn ng.
S 75
Bi 1: a, Cho 10,2 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc th thu
c 11,2 lt kh ( ktc). Hy tnh thnh phn
% v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
b, Dn ton b kh H
2
thu c i qua ng c cha a gam Fe
2
O
3
c nung nng , sau phn ng th
ngi ta thu c 60 gam cht rn. Hy tnh a.
Bi 2: a, Tnh khi lng ca st trong 50 kg qung cha 80 % Fe
2
O
3
.
B, Tm x trong cng thc Na
2
CO
3
.xH
2
O. Bit rng trong mui ngm nc th Na
2
CO
3
chim 37,07%.
Bi 3: Bi 2 (1,5 im): a, Tnh lng lu hunh ng vi 32 gam Oxi trong St (III)Sunfat v ng vi
14 gam St trong .
b, Tnh lng Oxi ng vi 24 kg Lu hunh c trong Nhm i Hidrophot phat ng vi 81 gam Nhm
trong .
Bi 4 : C 4 bnh ng ring bit cc kh sau: Khng kh, kh Oxi, Kh Hiro v kh Cacbonic. bng cch
no nhn bit cc cht kh trong mi bnh. Gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c)
Bi 5: t chy hon ton 5,7 gam cht hu c X phi dng va ht 8,4 lt O
2
(ktc). Sn phm chy ch
c CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l th tch 44:15 v khi lng. Hy tm cng thc ca X.
111
Bi 6 : a, Hy nu nhng cng thc ho hc Oxit phi kim khng phi l Oxit axit v gii tch iu ph
nhn ,
b, Hy nu nhng kim loi ho tri cao cng to ra Oxit axit
c, Nung a gam KClO3 v b gam KMnO
4
thu c cng mt lng O
2
. Tnh t l a/b.
Bi 7: Cho a gam st ho tan trong dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 3,1 gam
cht rn. Nu cho a gam Fe v b gam Mg cng vo mt lng dung dch HCl nh trn, sau phn ng thu
c 448 ml kh H
2
(kc), c cn phn dung dch th thu c 3,34 gam cht rn. Tnh a, b
Phn 2:cc phng php ho hc v cc v d minh ho
Bng mt s nguyn t ha hc thng gp i vi hc sinh lp 8
STT Tn Vit Nam Tn Latinh KHH
H
NTK % trong v Tri t
1 Oxi Oxygenium O 16 49,4%
2 Bc Argentum Ag 108
3 Nhm Aluminium Al 27 7,5%
4 St Ferrum Fe 56 4,7%
5 Canxi Calcium Ca 40 3,4%
6 Natri Natrium Na 23 2,6%
7 Kali Kalium K 39 2,3%
8 Magi Magnesium Mg 24 1,9%
9 Hir Hydrogenium H 1 1%
10 Bari Baryum Ba 137
11 Cacbon Carbonium C 12
12 Clo Clorum Cl 35.5
13 ng Cupruma Cu 64
14 Km Zincum Zn 65
15 Lu hunh Sulfur S 32
16 Nit Nitrogennium N 14
17 Photpho Phosphorus P 31
18 Thy ngn Hydrargyrum Hg 201
19 Silic Silicium Si 25,8%
I. Bi ca ha tr
112
Natri, It, Hir
Kali vi Bc, Clo mt loi
C ha tr I em i
Ghi nh cho k ko ri phn vn
Magi vi Km, Thy ngn
Oxi ng y cng gn Canxi
Cui cng thm ch Bari
Ha tr II c g kh khn
Bc Nhm ha tr III ln
In su vo tr khi cn c ngay
Ccbon, Silic ny y
L ha tr IV chng ngy no qun
St kia mi tht quen tn
II, III ln xung tht phin lm thi
Lu hunh lm lc chi khm
Xung II ln VI khi nm th IV
Nit cng vi Phtpho,
Ha tr V cn lo iu g(*)
Ngoi ra cn c 1 s ngt th hin nhng ha tr khc na.
Cc cng thc thng gp
I. Cng thc tnh s mol :
1.
M
m
n
2.
4 , 22
V
n
3.
dd M
V C n
4.
M
m C
n
dd
% 100
%
5.
( )
M
C D ml V
n
dd
% 100
%
6.
( )
T R
dkkc V P
n

II. Cng thc tnh nng phn
trm :
113
Ch thch:
K
hiu
Tn gi n
v
n
S mol mol
m
Khi lng gam
ct
m Khi lng cht tan gam
dd
m Khi lng dung
dch
gam
dm
m Khi lng dung
mi
gam
hh
m Khi lng hn hp gam
A
m Khi lng cht A gam
B
m Khi lng cht B gam
M
Khi lng mol gam/m
ol
A
M Khi lng mol
cht tan A
gam/m
ol
B
M Khi lng mol
cht tan B
gam/m
ol
V
Th tch lt
dd
V Th tch dung
dch
lt
( ) ml V
dd
Th tch dung
dch
mililt
( ) dkkc V Th tch iu
kin khng
chun
lt
% C
Nng phn
trm
%
M
C Nng mol Mol/lt
D
Khi lng ring gam/m
l
P
p sut atm
R
Hng s
(22,4:273)
7.
dd
ct
m
m
C
% 100
%

8.
D
M C
C
M
10
%
III. Cng thc tnh nng mol :
9.
dd
ct
M
V
n
C
10.
M
C D
C
M
% 10
IV. Cng thc tnh khi lng :

11. M n m
12.
% 100
%
dd
ct
V C
m

V. Cng thc tnh khi lng dung dch :

13.
dm ct dd
m m m +
14.
%
% 100
C
m
m
ct
dd

15.
( ) D ml V m
dd dd

VI. Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch :
16.
M
dd
C
n
V
17. ( )
D
m
ml V
dd
dd

VII. Cng thc tnh thnh phn % v khi lng hay th tch ca cc cht
trong hn hp:
18.
% 100 %
hh
A
m
m
A
19.
% 100 %
hh
B
m
m
B
hoc A B % % 100 %
20.
B A hh
m m m +
114
VIII. T khi ca cht kh :
21.

,
_

B
A
B
A
M
M
d
m
m
d
IX. Hiu sut ca phn ng :
22.
( )
% 100
\
) \ (
%
lt lt
tt tt tt
V n mlt
V n m
H
X. Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp cht kh
23.
n M +n M +n M +...
1 1 2 2 3 3
M =
hh
n +n +n +...
1 2 3
(hoc)
V M +V M +V M +...
1 1 2 2 3 3
M =
hh
V +V +V +...
1 2 3
)
Chuyn I:
Cc loi hp cht v c
115
Oxi
Oxit khng to mui
Oxit to mui
Oxit
Oxit Lng tnh Oxit Baz
HirOxit Lng tnh Baz
Nguyn t
Mui
Oxit Axit

Axit
A. oxit :
I. nh ngha : Oxit l hp cht gm 2 nguyn t, trong c 1 nguyn t l oxi
.
II. Phn loi: Cn c vo tnh cht ha hc ca oxit , ngi ta phn loi nh sau:
1. Oxit baz l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui v nc.
2. Oxit Axit l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch baz to thnh mui v nc.
3. Oxit lng tnh l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit v tc dng vi
dung dch baz to thnh mui v nc. VD nh Al
2
O
3
, ZnO
4. Oxit trung tnh cn c gi l oxit khng to mui l nhng oxit khng tc
dng vi dung dch axit, dung dch baz, nc. VD nh CO, NO
III.Tnh cht ha hc :
1. Tc dng vi nc :
a.
2
Oxitphi kim+H O Axit
.V d :
3 2 2 4
SO +H O H SO
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4
b.
2
Oxitkim loai +H O Baz
. V d :
2 2
CaO+H O Ca(OH)
2. Tc dng vi Axit :
Oxit Kim loi + Axit
Mui + H
2
O
VD :
2 2
CuO +2HCl CuCl +H O
3. Tc dng vi Kim( dung dch baz):
Oxit phi kim + Kim
Mui + H
2
O
VD :
2 2 3 2
CO +2NaOH Na CO +H O

2 3
CO +NaOH NaHCO
(ty theo t l s mol)
4. Tc dng vi oxit Kim loi :
Oxit phi kim + Oxit Kim loi
Mui
VD :
2 3
CO +CaO CaCO
5. Mt s tnh cht ring:
VD :
o
t
2 3 2
3CO + Fe O 3CO + 2Fe

o
t
2
2HgO 2Hg + O

o
t
2 2
CuO + H Cu + H O
* Al
2
O
3
l oxit lng tnh: va phn ng vi dung dch Axt va phn ng vi
dung dch Kim:
2 3 3 2
Al O + 6HCl 2AlCl + 3H O
2 3 2 2
Al O + 2NaOH 2NaAlO + H O
IV. iu ch oxit:
116
Phi kim + oxi
kim loi + oxi
Oxi + hp
cht
Oxit
Nhit phn mui
Nhit phn Axit
(axit mt nc)
kim loi mnh+ Oxit
kim loi yu
Mui
baz
Mui Axit
Mui trung ha

V d:
2N
2
+ 5O
2
2N
2
O
5
3Fe + 2O
2
Fe
3
O
4
2CuS + 3O
2
2CuO + 2SO
2
2PH
3
+ 4O
2
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
4HNO
3
4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
H
2
CO
3
CO
2
+ H
2
O
CaCO
3
CO
2
+ CaO
Cu(OH)
2
H
2
O+ CuO
2Al + Fe
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
B. Baz :
I. nh ngha: Baz l hp cht ha hc m trong phn t c 1 nguyn t Kim
loi lin kt vi 1 hay nhiu nhm hirxit (_ OH).
II. Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Dung dch Kim lm qu tm ha xanh, phenolphtalein khng mu ha
hng.
2. Tc dng vi Axt :
2 2 2
Mg(OH) + 2HCl MgCl + 2H O
2 4 2 4 2
2KOH + H SO K SO + 2H O
;
2 4 4 2
KOH + H SO KHSO + H O
3. Dung dc kim tc dng vi oxit phi kim:
3 2 4 2
2KOH + SO K SO +H O

3 4
KOH + SO KHSO
4. Dung dc kim tc dng vi Mui :
4 2 4 2
2KOH + MgSO K SO +Mg(OH)
5. Baz khng tan b nhit phn:
o
t
2 2
Cu(OH) CuO+H O
6. Mt s phn ng khc:
2 2 2 3
4Fe(OH) +O +2H O 4Fe(OH)

4 2 4 2
KOH+KHSO K SO +H O
3 2 2 2 3 2
4NaOH+Mg(HCO ) Mg(OH) +2Na CO +2H O
* Al(OH)
3
l hirxit lng tnh :
3 3 2
Al(OH) +3HCl AlCl +3H O

3 2 2
Al(OH) + NaOH NaAlO +2H O
*
. Bi ton CO
2
, SO
2
dn vo sung dch NaOH, KOH
- Khi cho CO
2
(hoc SO
2
) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH u xy ra 3 kh nng to mui:
k=
2
CO
NaOH
n
n
(hoc k=
2
SO
NaOH
n
n
)
- k
2 : ch to mui Na
2
CO
3
- k
1 : ch to mui NaHCO
3
- 1 < k < 2 : to c mui NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3

117
Nhit phn baz
khng tan
* C nhng bi ton khng th tnh k. Khi phi da vo nhng d kin ph tm ra kh
nng to mui.
- Hp th CO
2
vo NaOH
d
ch to mui Na
2
CO
3
- Hp th CO
2
vo NaOH ch to mui Na
2
CO
3
, Sau thm BaCl
2
vo thy kt ta. Thm tip
Ba(OH)
2 d
vo thy xut hin thm kt ta na To c 2 mui Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
Trong trng hp khng c cc d kin trn th chia trng hp gii.
Bi 1: hp th hon ton 22,4lt CO
2
(o ktc) cn 150g dung dch NaOH
40% (c D = 1,25g/ml).
a) Tnh nng M ca cc cht c trong dung dch (gi s s ha tan khng
lm thay i th tch dung dch ).
b) Trung ha lng xt ni trn cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1,5M.
Bi 2: Bit rng 1,12lt kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng va vi 100ml
dung dch NaOH to thnh mui trung ha.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng .
b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH dng.
Bi 3: Khi cho ln men m (g) glucz, thu c V(l) kh cacbonic, hiu sut phn
ng 80%. hp th V(l) kh cacbonic cn dng ti thiu l 64ml dung dch
NaOH 20% (D = 1,25 g/ml). Mui thu c to thnh theo t l 1:1. nh m v V? (
th tch o ktc)
Bi 4: Dung dch c cha 20g natri hirxit hp th hon ton 11,2lt kh
cacbonic (o ktc) . Hy cho bit:
a) Mui no c to thnh?
b) Khi lng ca mui l bao nhiu?
Bi 5: Cho 100ml dung dch natri hirxit (NaOH) tc dng va vi 1,12lt
kh cacbonic (o ktc) to thnh mui trung ha.
a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch natri hirxit (NaOH) dng.
b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch mui sau phn ng. Bit rng khi
lng ca dung dch sau phn ng l 105g.
Bi 6: Dn 1,12lt kh lu hunh ixit (o ktc) i qua 70ml dung dch
KOH 1M. Nhng cht no c trong dung dch sau phn ng v khi lng l bao
nhiu?
Bi 7: Cho 6,2g Na
2
O tan ht vo nc to thnh 200g dung dch.
a) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c.
b) Tnh th tch kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng vi dung dch ni trn,
bit sn phm l mui trung ha.
Bi 8:Dn 5,6 lt CO
2
(kc) vo bnh cha 200ml dung dch NaOH nng a M; dung dch thu c
c kh nng tc dng ti a100ml dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca a l?
A. 0,75 B. 1,5 C. 2 D. 2,5
**
. Bi ton CO
2
, SO
2
dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2
:
bit kh nng xy ra ta tnh t l k:
K=
2
2
) (OH Ca
CO
n
n
- K 1: ch to mui CaCO
3
118
- K 2: ch to mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2
1 < K < 2: to c mui CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
- Khi nhng bi ton khng th tnh K ta da vo nhng d kin ph tm ra kh nng to
mui.
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi d th ch to mui CaCO
3
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, thm NaOH d vo thy c kt ta na suy ra
c s to c CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc li thy
kt ta na suy ra c s to c CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
- Nu khng c cc d kin trn ta phi chia trng hp gii.
Khi hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch baz nht thit phi xy ra s tng gim khi lng
dung dch. Thng gp nht l hp th sn phm chy bng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hoc
ddBa(OH)
2
. Khi :
Khi lng dung dch tng=m
hp th
- m
kt ta
Khi lng dung dch gim = m
kt ta
m
hp th
- Nu m
kt ta
>m
CO
2
th khi lng dung dch gim so vi khi lng dung dch ban u
- Nu m
kt ta
<m
CO
2
th khi lng dung dch tng so vi khi lng dung dch ban u
Khi dn p gam kh CO
2
vo bnh ng nc vi d sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng m gam v
c n gam kt ta to thnh th lun c: p= n + m
Khi dn p gam kh CO
2
vo bnh ng nc vi sau phn ng khi lng dung dch gim m gam v c n
gam kt ta to thnh th lun c: p=n - m
Ca(OH)
2
0,1M.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng cc cht sau phn ng.
Bi 2: Cho 2,24lt kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng va vi 200ml dung
dch Ba(OH)
2
sinh ra cht kt ta mu trng.
a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
dng.
b) Tnh khi lng cht kt ta thu c.
Bi 3: Dn V lt CO
2
(kc) vo 300ml dd Ca(OH)
2
0,5 M. Sau phn ng thu c 10g kt ta. Vy
V bng: (Ca=40;C=12;O=16)
A/. 2,24 lt B/. 3,36 lt C/. 4,48 lt D/. C A, C u ng
Bi 4: Hp thu ht CO
2
vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch A. Bit rng:
- cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th phi mt 50ml dd HCl 1M mi thy bt u c kh thot
ra.
- Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch A c 7,88gam kt ta.
dung dch A cha? (Na=23;C=12;H=1;O=16;Ba=137)
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. NaHCO
3
C. NaOH v Na
2
CO
3
D. NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
Bi 5:hp th ton b 0,896 lt CO
2
vo 3 lt dd ca(OH)
2
0,01M c? (C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. 1g kt ta B. 2g kt ta C. 3g kt ta D. 4g kt ta
Bi 6:Hp th ton b 0,3 mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)
2
. khi lng dung dch sau
phn ng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam? (C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. Tng 13,2gam B. Tng 20gam C. Gim 16,8gam D Gim 6,8gam
119
Bi 7:Hp th ton b x mol CO
2
2
c 2gam kt ta. Ch ra
ga tr x? (C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. 0,02mol v 0,04 mol B. 0,02mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01mol v 0,03 mol D. 0,03mol v 0,04 mol
Bi 8: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,075 mol
Ca(OH)
2
. Sn phm thu c sau phn ng gm:
A. Ch c CaCO
3
B. Ch c Ca(HCO
3
)
2
C. CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v CO
2
Bi 9:Hp th hon ton 0,224lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 2 lt Ca(OH)
2
0,01M ta thu c m gam kt ta.
Ga tr ca m l?
A. 1g B. 1,5g C. 2g D. 2,5g
Bi 10:Sc V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1,5 lt Ba(OH)
2
0,1M thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Ga tr ln
nht ca V l?
A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 4,48 D. 6,72
Bi 11:Hp th ht 0,672 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo bnh cha 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Thm tip
0,4gam NaOH vo bnh ny. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l?
A. 1,5g B. 2g C. 2,5g D. 3g
Bi 12:Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng a mol/l
thu c 15,76g kt ta. Ga tr ca a l?
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
Bi 13:Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, hp th 0,5 mol kh CO
2
vo 500 ml dung
dch A thu c kt ta c khi lng?
A. 10g B. 12g C. 20g D. 28g
Bi 14:Hp th ht 0,2 mol CO
2
vo 1 lt dung dch cha KOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,05M thu c
kt ta nng?
A. 5g B. 15g C. 10g D. 1g
Bi 15:Dung dch X cha NaOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Hp th 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt
dung dch X th khi lng kt ta thu c l?
A. 15g B. 5g C. 10g D. 1g
Bi 16:Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO
2
2
nng a mol/l, thu
c 15,76gam kt ta. Ga tr ca a l? ( TTS khi A nm 2007)
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
Bi 17:Cho 0,14 mol CO
2
hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,11 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Ta nhn thy khi
lng CaCO
3
to ra ln hn khi lng CO
2
dng nn khi lng dung dch cn li gim bao nhiu?
A. 1,84gam B. 184gam C. 18,4gam D. 0,184gam
2
hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,08mol Ca(OH)
2
. Ta nhn thy khi
lng CaCO
3
to ra nh hn khi lng CO
2
dng nn khi lng dung dch cn li tng l bao
nhiu?
A. 416gam B. 41,6gam C. 4,16gam D. 0,416gam
Bi 19:Cho 0,2688 lt CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Tng khi lng mui thu c l?
C. AXIT :
120
I. nh ngha: Axit l hp cht m trong phn t gm 1 hoc nhiu nguyn t
Hiro lin kt vi gc Axit .
Tn gi:
* Axit khng c oxi tn gi c ui l hiric . HCl : axit clohiric
* Axit c oxi tn gi c ui l ic hoc .
H
2
SO
4
: Axit Sunfuric H
2
SO
3
: Axit Sunfur
Mt s Axit thng thng:
K hieu Tn gi Ha tr
_ Cl Clorua I
= S Sunfua II
_ Br Bromua I
_ NO
3
Nitrat I
= SO
4
Sunfat II
= SO
3
Sunfit II
_ HSO
4
Hirosunfat I
_ HSO
3
Hirosunfit I
= CO
3
Cacbonat II
_ HCO
3
Hirocacbonat I
PO
4
Photphat III
= HPO
4
Hirophotphat II
_ H
2
PO
4
ihirophotphat I
_ CH
3
COO Axetat I
_ AlO
2
Aluminat I
II.Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Dung dchAxit lm qu tm ha :
2. Tc dng vi Baz (Phn ng trung ha) :
2 4 2 4 2
H SO +2NaOH Na SO + 2H O
2 4 4 2
H SO +NaOH NaHSO + H O
2 2
2HCl +CaO CaCl + H O
4. Tc dng vi Kim loi (ng trc hir) :
2 2
2HCl +Fe FeCl + H
5. Tc dng vi Mui :
3 3
HCl + AgNO AgCl + HNO
6. Mt tnh cht ring :
* H
2
SO
4
c v HNO
3
c nhit thng khng phn ng vi Al v Fe
(tnh cht th ng ha) .
* Axit HNO
3
phn ng vi hu ht Kim loi (tr Au, Pt) khng gii phng Hir :
3 3 3 2
4HNO + Fe Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O
* HNO
3
c nng+ Kim loi
Mui nitrat + NO
2
(mu nu)+ H
2
O
VD :
3 3 3 2 2
6HNO + Fe Fe(NO ) + NO + 3H O ac,nong
* HNO
3
long + Kim loi
Mui nitrat + NO (khng mu) + H

2
O
VD :
3 3 2 2
8HNO + 3Cu 3Cu(NO ) + 2NO + 4H O loang
121
* H
2
SO
4
c nngv HNO
3
c nng hoc long Tc dng vi St th to
thnh Mui St (III).
* Axit H
2
SO
4
c nngc kh nng phn ng vi nhiu Kim loi khng gii
phng Hir :
2 4 4 2 2
2H SO + Cu CuSO + SO + 2H O ac,nong
D. Mui :
I. nh ngha : Mui l hp cht m phn t gm mt hay nhiu nguyn t
Kim loi lin kt vi mt hay nhiu gc Axit.
II.Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh cht
ha hc
Mui
Tc dng vi
Kim loi
Kim loi + mui Mui mi v Kim loi mi
V d:
3 3 2
2AgNO +Cu Cu(NO ) + 2Ag
Lu :
+ Kim loi ng trc (tr Na, K, Ca) y kim loi ng
sau (trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi) ra khi dung
dch mui ca chng.
+ Kim loi Na, K, Ca khi tc dng vi dung dch mui
th khng cho Kim loi mi v:
Na + CuSO
4

2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
Tc dng vi
Axit
Mui + axt mui mi + axit mi
V d:
2 2
Na S+ 2HCl 2NaCl +H S

2 3 2 2
Na SO +2HCl 2NaCl +H O+SO

3 3
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Mui to thnh khng tc dng vi
axit mi sinh ra hoc axit mi sinh ra l cht d bay hI hoc
axit yu hn axit tham gia phn ng .
Tc dng vi
Kim (Baz)
Dung dch Mui tc dng vi Baz to thnh Mui mi v
Baz mi
V d:
2 3 2 3
Na CO + Ca(OH) CaCO +2NaOH
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Mui mi hoc Baz mi to thnh
l cht khng tan (kt ta)
Tc dng vi
Dung dch
Mui
Dung dch Mui tc dng vi dung dch Mui
1. :
2. :
122
3. :
2 3 2 3
Na CO + CaCl CaCO +2NaCl
4. Dung dch Mui Tc dng vi Kim loi :
5. Mt s Mui b nhit phn hy :
o
t
3 2
CaCO CaO+CO
o
t
3 2 3 2 2
2NaHCO Na CO +CO +H O
3 2
2FeCl +Fe 3FeCl
2 4 3 4 4
Fe (SO ) +Cu CuSO +2FeSO
Dung dch
.Dung d ch:
-L dung d ch bao g m ch t tan A v dung mi ( )
-Th tch c a dung d ch lun tnh b ng ml.
-Kh i l ng ring c a dung d ch l D :
L u : = 1g/ml
II.N ng ph n trm(%):
1. nh ngha : L kh i l ng ch t tan trong 100g dung d ch.
%A =
= .
V d 1 : Cho 6,9g Na v 9,3g vo 80ml . Tnh n ng % dung d ch cu i.
gi i:
= 6,9 : 23 = 0,3 (mol ) ; = 9,3:62 = 0,15 (mol )
0,3 0,3 0,15 (mol)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
-
= 6,9 + 9,3 +80 - (0,15.2)
= 95,9 g
C%NaOH = ( 24 : 95,9 ).100 = 25,03 %
V d 2 : Tr n 0,2l dd 1M (d = 1,05 ) v i 0,3 l dd 1,1 M ( d
=1,1 ).Tnh n ng % dd cu i.
gi i:
= 0,2 (mol) ; = 0,2.103.1,05 = 210 g
0,3 .1,1 = 0,33 (mol ) ; mdd Ba(OH)2 = 0,3.1,1.103 = 330 g.
+ = + +2
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4
V s mol ph n ng c 0,2 mol m th c t th s mol ban u =
0,33 mol .Nn
=>
123
d = ( 22,23 : 497,2 ).100 = 4,471%
2.Pha long dung d ch:
L y g ch t A, n ng
dd ch t A m i n ng
v d : Thm 80g vo 20 g dd 20%.Tnh n ng % dd cu i.
gi i :
20.20 = (80+20).X => X = 4%
V d : Tnh m g ph i thm vo 50g dd 12% thu c dd cu i 4%.
gi i :
50.12 = (50 + m ).4 => m = 100g
3.Tr n hai dd gi ng nhau khc v :
m1 g dd ch t A c n ng + m2 g dd ch t A c n ng .
m3 g dd ch t A c n ng
v d : Tr n 200g dd 4% v i 100g dd 12%.Tnh n ng % dd cu i.

gi i :
V d : Tr n dd 20% v i dd 4% thu c 800g dd 10%.
gi i :
= (10 4 ) : (20 -10 ) = 3 : 5 (1)
= 800 (2)
T (1)(2) => = 300g ; = 500g
III.Qui i tinh th ngh m n c thnh dd ch t tan :
Tinh th
Tinh th (r n ) => dd
: ch t tan (152g); : dung mi (126g)
% = (152 : 278 ).100 = 54,6 %
Tinh th # dd 54,6%
V d : Ho tan 20g tinh th . 0 vo 130g .Tnh n ng % dd thu c?
gi i:
= =(208 : 280 ).100 = 74,28%
g i x l n ng % dd thu c .
20.74,28 = 150 .x => x =9,904%
V d : Ha tan 10g tinh th vo 50g dd 10%. Tnh n ng % dd cu i?
gi i:
=dd = (133,5 : 241,5 ).100 =55,3%
10.55,3 + 50.10 = (50 +10).x
=> x =17,55%
III.N ng Mol :
124
1. nh ngha : l mol ch t tan c trong 1lt dung d ch.
Cng th c : (M)
2.em pha long dung d ch :
l y lt c n ng (M) +
thu c n ng (M)
V d : Thm 80ml vo 20ml dd 2M.Tnh c a dd cu i.

gi i:
0,02.2 = ( 0,02 + 0,08) .
=> = 0,4 M
3. Tr n hai dd gi ng nhau :
lt , + lt ,
thu c C3M
V d : Tr n a lt dd H 20M v i b lt dd 4M.Thu dd 0,8 lt dd 10M.Tnh a, b

?
gi i:
a + b = 0,8 (1) ; a : b = (10 4): (20 10) = 3 :5 (2)
t (1)(2) => a = 0,3 ; b = 0,5
V. i n ng :
Dd A ( ) ----------> n ng x% ( n ng mol )
D (g\ ml)
= ( 10.x.d ) :
x% = ( ) : ( 10.d )
l : - ni n g c x%
-ni n mol c
V d : dd HCl 13,14 M ( d = 1,198 ) => x% = ?
gi i
x% = (13,14.36,5 ) : (10. 1,198 ) = 40,03 %
v d : dd 3,3M ( d = 1,195) => x% = ?
gi i
x% = (3,3.98) : (10.1,195 ) = 27,06 %
vd : dd 44,48 % (d = 1,275 ) => = ?
gi i
= (10.1,275. 44,48) : 63 = 9 (M)
V d : dd NaOH 40% ( d = 1,43 ) => = ?
gi i
= (10.1,43.40 ) : 40 = 14,3 (M)
CU HI T LUN MN HA 8
125
STT Cu hi p n im
1
Nguyn t l g ? ,nguyn t gm
nhng loi ht no
Nguyn t l ht v cng nh ,trung ha v
in , nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch
dng v v to bi mt hay nhiu electron
mang in tch m
1
2
* n cht l g ?, hp cht l g ? cho
mi loi 1 v d
* Hy tnh phn t khi ca cc cht
sau
a. cacbonioxit, phn t gm 1C v 2O
b. kh mtan bit phn t gm 1Cv 4H
c. Axit nitric bit phn t gm 1H,1N,
3O
d. Thuc tm (kalipemanganat) bit
phn t gm 1K,1Mn,4O
* Cho CTHH ca cc cht sau cho
bit g ?
a. Kh Clo

: Cl
2
b. Axit sufuric : H
2
SO
4

* - n cht l nhng cht to nn t 1 nguyn
t ha hc ;
V d ; n cht kh Hir, xi ,ng ,km
- Hp cht l nhng cht to nn thai nguyn
t ha hc tr ln .
V d:hp cht kh mtan,nc,axtsunfuric
* a.PTK ca cacbonioxit = 12.1+16.2= 44vC
b.PTK ca mtan = 12.1+1.4= 16 vC
c. PTK ca Axit nitric = 1.1+1.14+ 3.6 = 73vC
d. PTK ca thuc tm = 39.1+1.55 + 16.4 =
158vC
* a.Cng thc ha hc ca kh Clo cho bit :
- Kh Clo c to nn t 1 nguyn t Cl
- C 2 nguyn t trong 1 phn t Cl
2

- PTK ; = 35,5 x 2 = 71 vC
b. CTHH ca Axit sufuric cho bi t :
- Do 3 nguy n t hidro, nguy n t l u hu nh,
nguy n t oxi .
- c 2 nguy n t H, 1ngt S v 4 ngt O.
- PTK = 1 x 2 + 32 + 16 x 4 = 98 vc.
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
3
Nu qui tc ha t vi hp cht 2
nguyn t .p dng tnh ha tr ca S
trong hp cht SO
3

Qui tc : trong CTHH tch ca ch s v ha tr
ca nguyn t ny bng tch ca ch s v ha
tr ca nguyn t kia
p dng : tnh ha tr ca S trong hp cht SO
3
Gi a l ha tr ca S
Ta c ; x.a = y.b
1.a = 3. II
3.
1
II
a VI
Vy S c ha tr lVI
0,5
0,5
4 Lp CTHH ca nhng hp cht to
bi 2 nguyn t v nhm nguyn t
sau :
a. P
2
(V)v O(II)
b. Al(III)v SO
4
(II)
* Cng thc ca cc hp cht nh sau :
a. P
2
(V)v O(II)
- Vit cng thc di dng chung :P
x
O
y
- Theo qui tc ha tr th :x .V = y . II
- Chuyn thnh t l :
2, 5
x II
x y
y V

1
126
Vy cng thc hp cht : P
2
O
5
b. Al(III)v SO
4
(II)
- Vit cng thc dng chung : Al
x
(SO4)
y
- Chuyn thnh t l :
2, 3
x II
x y
y III

Vy cng thc hp cht : Al
2
(SO4)
3
1
5
* t chy 2,7g bt Nhm trong
khng kh ( c xi) thu c 5,1 g xit
a. Vit pt ch ca phn ng
b. Tnh khi lng Oxi tham gia
phn ng
c. Tm cng thc ha hc ca Nhm
xt
* Cho s ca cc phn ng
a. KClO
3
KCl + O
2
b. Fe + O
2
Fe
2
O
4
Lp PTHH v cho bit t l s nguyn
t , s phn t ca cc cht trong mi
phn ng
Em hy cho bit s nguyn t (phn
t )c trong mi lng cht sau :
a.1,5 mol nguyn t Al
b. 0,05 mol phn t H
2
O
a. Vit pt ch ca phn ng
Nhm + xi Nhm xt
b. Tnh khi lng Oxi tham gia phn ng
Theo LBTKL ta c :
m
Nhm
+ m
xi
=

m
Nhm xt

2,7 g + m
xi
= 5,1 g
m
xi
= 5,1 2,7 = 2,4g
c. Cng thc ha hc ca Nhm xtl :Al
2
O
3
(v Al (II) , O(III))
* lp PTHH
a. 2KClO
3
2KCl + 3O
2

2 : 2 : 3
T l s pt KClO
3
s pt KCl : S pt O
2

= 2 : 2 : 3
b. Fe + O
2
Fe
2
O
4
T l s ng.t Fe : S pt O
2
: s phn t
= 3 : 2 : 1
a.S nguyn t Al = 1,5 x 6.10
23
= 9.10
23
(hay
1,5N)
b. S phn t H
2
O = 0,05 x 6.10
23
= 0,3.10
23
(hay 0,05N)
0,5
0,5
0,5
6 *Em hy tm th tch (ktc) ca :
a.1,5 mol phn t CO
2
b. 0,25mol phn t O
2
v 1,25 ml pt
N
2
*a.Hy tnh s mol ca 28 g St
b.Hy tnh khi lng ca 0,75mol
Al
2
O
3
c. hy tnh thtch cu 0,175 mol H
2 -
(ktc)
*Hy cho bit s mol v s nguyn t
ca 28g St(Fe) , 6,4 g ng (Cu), 9 g
Nhm (Al)
*a. Th tch (ktc) ca 1,5 mol phn t CO
2
l
V
CO2
= 1,5 x 22,4 = 33,6 lt
b. Th tch (ktc) ca0,25mol phn t O
2
v
1,25 ml pt N
2
V
hn hp
= ( 0,25 + 1,25 ) x 22, 4 = 33,6 lt
*a. Khi lng ca 0,75 mol Al
2
O
3
Tac : M
2 3
Al O
= 27.2+16.3= 102g
M
2 3
Al O
= n.M = 0,75 x102 = 76,5g
b.Th tch ca 0,175 mol H
2
(ktc)
V H
2
= n.M = 0,175 x 22,4= 3,92 lt
*- 28 g st c s mol l :
28
56
= 0,5 mol
C s nguyn t l : 0,5 x 6.10
23
= 3.10
23
ng.t
Fe
- 6,4 g ng c s mol l :
6, 4
64
= 0,1 mol
C s nguyn t l : 0,1 x 6.10
23
=0,6.10
23
127
t
o
t
o
t
o
t
o
t
o
ng.t Cu
- 9 g Nhm c s mol l :
9
27
= 0,33 mol
C s nguyn t l : 0,33 x 6.10
23
=2.10
23
ng.t
Al
7 * Cho kh hir tc dng vi 3g mt
loi oxit St cho 2,1 g st .Tm cng
thc phn t ca Oxit Fe
* Lp cng thc ha hc ca mt hp
cht bit :phn t khi ca hp cht
l 160 v thnh phn phn trm v
khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong
hp cht : st (70%)v oxi ( 30%)
* t nng 6,4 g bt ng trong kh
Clo ngi ta thu c 13,5g ng
clorua .Hy cho bit :
a. Cng thc ha hc n gin ca
ng clorua
b. Tnh th tch kh clo tham gia
phn ng vi ng
* t cng thc phn t ca oxt st l Fe
x
O
y
.
phng trnh phn ng :
Fe
x
O
y
+ y H
2
xFe + y H
2
O
( 5,6x + 16y )g 56 x
3g 2,1g
Theo ptpng trn ta c :
( 5,6x + 16y )2,1 = 3 . 56 x
Hay 117,6 x + 33,6 y = 168 y
33,6 y = 50,4 x

33, 6 2
50, 4 3
x
y

Vy cng thc phn t ca Oxit st l : Fe
2
O
3
* gi s cng thc phn t ca oxt st l Fe
x
O
y
M
Fe
= 56
m
Fe
=56 . x
M
O
= 16.
m
O
=16 . y
Theo bi ta c :
56 70
2
160 100
16 30
3
160 100
x
x
y
y

Vy CTHH ca St oxit l Fe
2
O
3

* a. Cng thc ha hc n gin ca ng
clorua
- Khi lng Clo c trong lng ng colrua
thu c
M
Cl
= 13,5 6,4 = 7,1 g
- S mol Cu v Cl kt hp vi nhau to ra
ng clorua
n
Cu
=
6, 4
64
= 0,1 mol
n
Cl
=
7,1
0, 2
35, 5

mol
Trong hp cht ng clorua ,s mol Clo gp hai
ln s mol Cu suy ra s nguyn t Clo gp hai
ln s nguyn t Cu .Cng thc n gin ca
ng clorua l CuCl
2

* b. Th tch kh clo:
VCl
2
= n . 22,4 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 lt
S mol CO
2
,s mol Ca(OH)
2

1
1
128
*Cho 1,68 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v
dung dch cha 3,7 g Ca(OH)
2
.Hy
xc nh lng CaCO
3
kt ta to
thnh .Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton
nCO
2
=
1, 68
22, 4
= 0,075 mol
n Ca(OH)
2

=
3, 7
74
= 0,05 mol
pt: CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
1 1 1 1
0,05 0,05 0,05
V s mol ca CO
2
d nn tnh khi lng
CaCO
3
theo khi lng CO
2

m CaCO
3
= 0,05 . 100= 5 g
8
* Phn m ur c cng thc ha hc
l CO(NH
2
) .hy xc nh
a. Khi lng mol phn t ca Ur
b. Thnh phn % ( theo khi lng )
cc nguyn t trong phn m ur
c. Trong 2 mol phn t Ur c bao
nhiu mol nguyn t ca mi nguyn
t
* Trong PTN ngi ta c th iu ch
c kh xi bng cch nhit phn
Kaliclorat :
KClO
3
KCl+ O
2
a. Tm khi lng KClO
3
cn thit
iu ch c 9,6 g kh O
2

b. Tnh khi lng KCl c to
thnh
* a. Khi lng mol phn t CO(NH
2
) l
12+16+2(14+2) = 60g
b. Thnh phn % cc nguyn t trong Ur
% C =
12 100
20%
60
x
% O =
16 100
26, 7%
60
x
% N =
14 100
46, 7%
60
x
% H
6, 6%
c.Trong 2 mol phn t CO(NH
2
) c: 2 x 1 = 2
mol nguyn t C, c 2 x 1mol nguyn t O , c
2x2 = 4 mol nguyn t N , c 2x4 = 8 mol
nguyn t H
* - S mol kh O
2
nO
2
=
m
M
=
9, 6
32
= 0,3 mol
- Vit pt : 2KClO
3
2KCl+ 3O
2

2 2 3
Theo pt ta c :
nKClO
3
=
0, 3 2
3
x
= 0,2 mol
nKClO
3
= nKCl = 0,2 mol
Tac : MKClO
3
= 39+35,5+16,3 = 122,5 g
MKCl = 39+35,5= 74,5g
Khi lng ca KClO
3
cn dng :
mKClO
3
= nKClO
3
x MKClO
3
= 0,2 x 122,5 = 24,5 g
Khi lng ca KCl :
mKCl = nKCl x MKCl
= 0,2 x 74,5 = 14g
0,5
0,5
9 t chy hon ton 4,8 g mt kim loi
R ha tr II trong Oxi (d) ngi ta thu
a. Vit ptp:
2 R + O
2
2 RO
0,5
129
c 8g oxit ( cng thc ca oxit RO)
a. Vit ptp
b. Tnh khi lng oxi phn ng
c. Xc nh tn v k hiu ca kim loi
R
b. Tnh khi lng oxi phn ng
m
R
+ mO
2
= m
RO

mO
2
= m
RO
- m
R
= 8 4,8 = 3,2 g
c. Xc nh tn v k hiu ca kim loi R
Ta c s mol ca Oxi l :
nO
2
=
m
M
=
3, 2
32
= 0,1 mol
Theo pt : n
R
= nO
2
x 2 = 0,1 x 2 = 0,2 mol
Khi lng mol ca R l :
M
R
=
m
M
=
4, 8
24
0, 2
g
Vy R l Magi : Mg
0,5
1
10
t kh hir trong kh xi ngi ta
nhn thy c 2 th tch hir kt hp
vi 1 th tch oxi to thnh nc
a.Hy tm cng thc ha hc n gin
ca nc
b.Vit pthh xy ra khi t chy hir
v xi
c. Sau p ngi ta thu c 1,8g nc
. Hy tm th tch cc kh hir v xi
tham gia p.
a.Cng thc ha hc n gin ca nc l H
2
O
b. PTHH ca hir chy trong xi
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O
c. Hy tm th tch kh hir v xi tham gia p.
- S mol H
2
O thu c sau p
nH
2
O =
1, 8
18
= 0,1 mol
Theo pt ta c :
S mol H
2
= 2 ln s mol O
2
= s mol H
2
O
Th tch kh hir
V H
2
= 22,4 x 0,1 = 2 ,24 ( lt )
V O
2
=
22, 4 0,1
2
x
= 1,12 ( lt)
0,25
0,5
0,25
0,5
0,5
CU HI TRC NGHIM MN HA 8
STT Cu hi p n im
1 Nguyn t gm :
a. Ht nhn v v nguyn t
b. Proton v ntron
c. Proton v electron
d. a ,b ng
d 0,5
130
t
o
2
Nguyn t ha hc l tp hp nhng nguyn t
a. C cng s electron lp v
b. C cng s Proton v electron bng nhau
c. C cng s Proton ht nhn
d. C cng s lp elelctron
c 0,5
3
Cc cng thc ha hc no sau y u l n cht
a. FeO, H
2
, N
2
b. O
2
, Cu , H
2
c. H
2
O, FeO, Fe
d. H
2
O, Cu , O
2

b 0,5
4
Cng thc ha hc no ng cho hp cht c nguyn t khi l
80
a. K
2
O b. CuO
c. Cu(OH)
2
d. K
2
SO
4
b 0,5
5
Trong phn t ca Oxit mangan c 2 nguyn t Mn v 7 nguyn
t oxi .Cng thc hp cht l :
a. MnO b. MnO
2
c. Mn
2
O d. Mn
2
O
7
d 0,5
6
Cng thc ph hp vi P(V) l :
a. P
4
O
4
b. P
2
O
3
c P
2
O
5
. d. P
4
O
10
c 0,5
7
Na c ha tr I , nhm SO
4
c ha tr II .Cng thc ca hp cht
l :
a. NaSO
4
b. Na
2
SO
4
c Na
3
SO
4
. d. Na(SO
4
)
2
b 0,5
8
Hin tng no sau y l hin tng vt l
a. l b vng a
b. mt tri mc sng tan dn
c. thc n b i thiu
d. t chy ru sinh ra CO
2

B 0,5
9
Hin tng no sau y l hin tng ha hc
a. nc un si thnh hi nc
b. trng b thi
c. mc ha tan trong nc
d. dy st tn nh thnh inh
b 0,5
10
Khi quan st mt hin tng da vo u em c th d on l
hin tng ha hc xy ra :
a. cht mi sinh ra
b. nhit phn ng
c. tc phn ng
d. tt c u ng
a 0,5
11 Gi s c phn ng gia x v y to ra z v t .Cng thc v khi a
131
lng c vit nh sau :
a. m
x
+ m
y
= m
z
+ m
t
b. m
x
+ m
y
= m
z

c. X+ Y = Z
d. X+Y+Z =T
12
Cho s phn ng Al + CuSO
4
Al
x
(SO
4
)
y
+ Cu x, y ln
lt l :
a. x =1, y = 2 b. x =3, y = 2
c. x =2, y = 3 d x =3, y = 4
C 0,5
13
t 6,5g Zn trong khng kh to ra 13,6 g km oxit ,khi lng
oxi tham gia phn ng l
a. 7,1 g b. 7,9 g
c. 10 g d. 8,1 g
a 0,5
14
Trong mt phn ng ha hc cc cht phn ng v sn phm
phi cha cng
a. s nguyn t trong mi cht
b. s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t
c. s phn t ca mi cht
d. s nguyn t to ra cht
b 0,5
15
Phng trnh ha hc no sau y c vit ng
a. H
2
+ O
2
H
2
O
b. 2H
2
+ O
2
H
2
O
c. H
2
+ 2O
2
H
2
O
d. 2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O
d 0,5
16
Hp cht Al
x
(NO
3
)
3
c phn t khi 213 ,gi tr ca x l :
a. 3 b. 2
c. 1 d. 4
c 0,5
17
Bit nguyn t X c nguyn t khi bng 3,5 ln nguyn t khi
ca oxi .X l nguyn t
a. Ba b. Na
c. Mg d. Fe
d 0,5
18
Khi lng ring ca mt cht kh ktc l 1 ,43 g /l .Khi lng
mol ca kh l :
a. 1 ,43 g. b. 45,7g
c. 22,4 g d. 32g
d 0,5
19
Cho bit phng trnh ha hc :2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O khi
lng kh O
2
phn ng vi 3 g kh H
2
l :
a. 15 g. b. 0,37g
c. 6 g d. 24g
a 0,5
20
S phn t nc c trong 15 mol nc l :
a. 60 b. 6.10
23
c. 12.10
23
d. 9.10
23
d 0,5
21 Lng cht cha trong 11,2 lt kh O
2
( ktc) a
132
a. 0,5mol b. 0,7mol
c. 1,5mol d. 2mol
22
Khi lng ca 0,5mol CuSO
4
l
a. 160g. b. 100g
c. 80g d. 160vC
c 0,5
23
Hn hp gm 2 g kh H
2
v 16g kh H
2
c th tch ktc l :
a. 67,2lit b. 44,8 lit
c. 33,6 lit d. 22,4 lit
b 0,5
24
S phn t kh cacbonic c trong 66g kh CO
2
l :
a. 6.10
23
b. 9.10
23
c. 12.10
23
d. 5.10
23
b 0,5
25
Kh N
2
nng hn kh H
2
l
a. 14 ln b. 16 ln
c. 10 ln d. 15 ln
a 0,5
26
Kh O
2
nng hn so vi khng kh l :
a. 1 ln b. 1,1 ln
c. 1,5ln d. 2ln
b 0,5
27
Thnh phn v khi lng ca nguyn t Fe trong Fe
3
O
4

a. 70% b. 72,4%
c. 50% d. 80%
b 0,5
28
Mt oxit st c khi lng mol phn t l 160g ,oxit ny c thnh
phn ca khi lng cc nguyn t l 70% Fe v 30% O

. Cng
thc ca Oxit st l :
a. Fe O
3
b. Fe O

c. Fe
2
O
4
d. Fe
3
O
4
a
29
t chy ht 4,8 g kim loi A (II) cn dng 2,24lt kh O
2
(ktc)
Vy kim loi A l
a. Fe

b. Cu

c. Zn

d. Mg
d 0,5
30
Cht kh c d A/H
2
= 13 .Vy kh l :
a. CO
2
b. CO

c. C
2
H
2
d. NH
3
c
31
Cht kh nh hn khng kh l :
a. Cl
2
b. C
2
H
6
.

c. CH
4
d. NH
3
c 0,5
32
S nguyn t Oxi c trong 3,2g kh oxi l :
a. 3.10
23
b. 6.10
23
c. 9.10
23
d. 1,2.10
23
d 0,5
33 Khi lng ca 2 mol kh CO l
a. 28 g. b. 56g
b
133
c. 112 g d. 224g
34
Th tch hn hp kh X gm 0,5mol Oxi v 0,5mol H
2
l :
a. 11,2 lt b. 22,4lt
c. 33,6 lit d. 44,8 lit
b 0,5
35
Mt kim loi M to oxit l M
2
O
3
khi M lin kt vi nhm OH th
to hp cht l :
a. MOH

b. M(OH)
2
c. M(OH)
3
d. M
2
(OH)
3
c 0,5
36
Cng thc hp cht gia X ha tr II v y ha tr III l :
a.X
2
Y

b. XY
2
c. X
3
Y
2
d. X
2
Y
3
c 0,5
37
Mt cht kh c khi lng mol l 44 g .Khi lng ring ca kh
ny ktcl :
a. 0,509 g/l b. 1,43g/l
c. 1,96g/l d. 2,84g/l
c 0,5
38
Trn 16g bt st vi 28g bt S .t nng hn hp thu c sn
phm duy nht c cng thc l Fes .Khi lng sn phm thu
c l :
a. 32g b. 56g
c. 44g d. 12g
c 0,5
39
Cng thc no sau y vit sai :
a. Cu(OH)
2
b.Cu(SO
4
)
2

c. CuCl
2
d. CuO
b 0,5
40
Phn tch mt hp cht X thy 24 phn khi lng Cacbon kt
hp vi 6 phn khi lng H
2
.Hp cht X c cng thc :
a. C
12
H
6
b. C
2
H
6
c. CH
4
. d. C
4
H
c 0,5
Phng php ng tro
Nguyn tc: Trn ln 2 dung dch:
Dung dch 1: c khi lng m1, th tch V1,nng C1 (C% hoc CM), khi lng ring d1.
Dung dch 2: c khi lng m2, th tch V2, nng C2 (C2 > C1), khi lng ring d2.
Dung dch thu c c m = m1 + m2,V = V1 + V2, nng C (C1 < C < C2), khi lng ring d.
S ng cho v cng thc tng ng vi mi trng hp l:
a) i vi nng C% v khi lng
m1 C1 C2 C
C m2 C2
C C1
b) i vi nng mol/l
V1 C1 C2 C
134
t
t
0
t
0
C
V2 C2 C C1
b) i vi khi lng ring
V1 d1 d2 d
d
V2 d2 d d1
Khi s dng s ng cho ta cn ch :
*) Cht rn coi nh dung dch c C = 100%
*) Dung mi (H
2
O) coi nh dung dch c C = 0%
*) Khi lng ring ca H
2
O l d = 1 g/ml
Sau y l mt s v d s dng phng php ng cho trong tnh ton pha ch dung dch
Dng 1 : Tnh ton pha ch dung dch
V d 1. thu c dung dch HCl 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dch HCl 45% pha vi m2
gam dung dch HCl 15%. T l m1/m2 l:
A. 1:2 B. 1:3 C. 2:1 D. 3:1
V d 2. pha c 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh l (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml
dung dch NaCl 3%. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 150 B. 214,3 C. 285,7 D. 350
Ta c s : V1(NaCl) 3 ( 0 - 0,9)
0,9
V2(H
2
O) 0 (3 - 0,9)

M V1 + V2 = 500 ml => V1 = 150 ml
Phng php ny khng nhng hu ch trong vic pha ch cc dung dch m cn c th p dng cho
cc trng hp c bit hn, nh pha mt cht rn vo dung dch. Khi phi chuyn nng ca
cht rn nguyn cht thnh nng tng ng vi lng cht tan trong dung dch.
V d 3. Ha tan 200 gam SO
3
vo m gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% ta c dung dch H
2
SO
4
78,4%.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 133,3 B. 146,9 C. 272,2 D. 300,0
im l th ca s ng cho l ch phng php ny cn c th dng tnh nhanh kt qu ca
nhiu dng bi tp ha hc khc. Sau y ta ln lt xt cc dng bi tp ny.
V d 4: Cn thm bao nhiu gam nc vo 500g dung dch NaOH 12% c dd
NaOH 8%?
A.500g B. 250g C. 50g D. 100g
S: B
135
Dng 2 : Bi ton hn hp 2 ng v
y l dng bi tp c bn trong phn cu to nguyn t
V d 4 . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Br l 79,319. Brom c hai ng v
bn : , v
Thnh phn % s nguyn t ca l:
A. 84,05 B. 81,02 C. 18,98 D. 15,95
Dng 3: Tnh t l th tch hn hp 2 kh
V d 5. Mt hn hp gm O
2
, O
3
iu kin tiu chun c t khi i vi hiro l 18. Thnh
phn % v th tch ca O
3
trong hn hp l:
A. 15% B. 25% C. 35% D. 45%
V d 6 . Cn trn 2 th tch mtan vi mt th tch ng ng X ca metan
thu c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 15. X l:
A. C
3
H
8
B. C
4
H
10
C. C
5
H
12
D. C
6
H
14
Dng 4: tnh thnh phn hn hp mui trong phn ng gia n baz
v a axit
Dng bi tp ny c th gii d dng bng phng php thng thng (vit phng
trnh phn ng,t n). Tuy nhin cng c th nhanh chng tm ra kt qu bng cch
s dng s ng cho.
V d 7. Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1,5M. Mui to thnh v
khi lng tng ng l:
A. 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 32,8 gam Na
3
PO
4
B. 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
;16,4 gam
Na
3
PO
4
C. 12,0 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
D. 24,0 gam NaH
2
PO
4
;14,2 gam
Na
2
HPO
4
Hng dn gii:
C : 1 <

To ra hn hp 2 mui: NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
S ng cho:
Na
2
HPO
4
(n
1
= 2) (5/3 1) = 2/3

=5/3
NaH
2
PO
4
(n
2
= 1) (2- 5/3) =1/3
nNa
2
HPO
4
: nNaH
2
PO
4
= 2 : 1 nNa
2
HPO
4
=2 nNaH
2
PO
4
M n
Na2HPO4
+ n
NaH2PO4
= n
H3PO4
= 0,3
n
NaH2PO4
= 0,1mol m
NaH2PO4
= 0,1.120 =12g
n
Na2HPO4
= 0,2mol m
Na2HPO4
= 0,2.142 = 28,4g
Chuyn tch cht ra khi hn hp.
C S gii bi tp ny l da vo s khc nhau v tnh cht ca cc
cht
* Ch 1: Tch ring mt cht ra khi hn hp (hoc tinh ch cht)
136
y l dng bi tp tch cht n gin nht, trong cht c tch ra thng l
khng cho c phn ng, hoc l cht duy nht cho c phn ng so vi cc cht
trong hn hp. Hoc c tnh cht vt l khc bit nht.
Bi tp 1: Tch ring Cu ra khi hn hp vn Cu, Fe.
Gii:
Cho ton b lng hn hp trn di ln trn mt t giy dng nam chm a i da
li nhiu ln trn b mt hn hp nam chm ht ht Fe th dng li, Cn li
chnh l vn Cu.
Bi tp 2: Tch ring Cu ra khi hn hp gm vn Cu, Fe, Zn.
Gii: Cho hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl, St v Zn s tan ra, cht rn
khng phn ng l Cu.
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
Sau lc ly cht rn khng tan sy kh ta s thu c vn Cu.
Bi tp 3: Tch ring kh CO
2
ra khi hn hp CO
2
, N
2
, O
2
, H
2
.
Gi : Cho hn hp trn qua bnh nc vi trong d, ch c CO
2
phn ng.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O.
Lc ly kt ta sy kh ri nung nhit cao ta thu ly CO
2
.
PTHH: CaCO
3
t
o
CaO + CO
2
.
Bi tp 4: Tch ring ct ra khi hn hp mui n v ct.
Bi tp 5: Tinh ch vng ra khi hn hp bt Fe, Zn, Au.
Bi tp 6: Tinh ch CuO ra khi hn hp CuO, Cu, Ag.
Ch 2: Tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp.
- Dng phn ng c trng i vi tng cht tch chng ra khi hn hp
ti to cc cht ban u t cc sn phm to thnh trn.
- C th da vo tnh cht vt l khc bit ca tng cht tch tng cht ra
khi hn hp (trng hp ny lp 8 t gp).
Bi tp 7: C 1 hn hp gm 3 kim loi dng bt: Fe, Cu, Au. Bng phng php
ho hc hy tch ring tng kim loi ra khi hn hp trn.
Gii: Cho ton b lng hn hp trn cho phn ng vi dung dch HCl d, ch c Fe
b tan ra do phn: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
Lc tch Cu, Au. phn nc lc thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH s sinh ra kt ta
trng xanh: FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
Lc ly Fe(OH)
2
ri nung vi H
2
( iu kin nung nng c Fe)
PTHH: Fe(OH)
2
t
o
FeO + H
2
O
FeO + H
2
t
o
Fe + H
2
O.
Hn hp Cu v Au cho phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng, ch c Cu phn ng v tan
ra
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O.
Lc ly phn khng tan sy kh ta thu c Cu. Phn nc lc cho phn ng vi
NaOH thu c kt t mu xanh. lc ly kt ta ri nung nhit cao, sau
li nung nng cht thu c ri cho lung kh H
2
i qua ta thu c Cu.
Phng php 1
P DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Phng php 2
137
BO TON MOL NGUYN T
MT S BI TP VN DNG
GII THEO PHNG PHP BO TON MOL NGUYN T
01. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1mol Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu
c dung dch A v kh B khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 23,0 gam. B. 32,0 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 48,0 gam.
02. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm
Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan hon ton X bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung
dch Y, lng mui khan thu c l
A. 20 gam. B. 32 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 48 gam.
03. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu
c l
04. t chy hn hp hirocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. Th tch O
2
tham
gia phn ng chy (ktc) l
A. 5,6 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
05. Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe
2
O
3
trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2

ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
06. Hn hp X gm Mg v Al
2
O
3
. Cho 3 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng V lt kh
(ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH
3
d, lc v nung kt ta c 4,12 gam bt
oxit. gi tr l:
A.1,12 lt. B. 1,344 lt. C. 1,568 lt. D. 2,016 lt.
07. Hn hp A gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng 0,1 gam
kh. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi kh clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn hp mui. Phn trm khi lng ca
Fe trong A l
A. 8,4%. B. 16,8%. C. 19,2%. D. 22,4%.
08. (Cu 2 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong
khng kh Oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9,9 gam H
2
O. Th tch khng kh
(ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch A v
kh H
2
. C cn dung dch A thu c 5,71 gam mui khan. Hy tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c ktc.
A. 0,56 lt. B. 0,112 lt. C. 0,224 lt D. 0,448 lt
10. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y gm C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
th thu c 12,98 gam CO
2
v 5,76
gam H
2
O. Vy m c gi tr l
Phng php 3: BO TON MOL ELECTRON
MT S BI TP VN DNG GIAI THEO PHNG PHP BO TON MOL ELECTRON
138
01. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO
3
rt long th thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol kh
N
2
O v 0,01mol kh NO (phn ng khng to NH
4
NO
3
). Gi tr ca m l
02. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt
thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s hp th vo dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l
A. 68,03%. B. 13,03%. C. 31,03%. D. 68,97%.
03. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO
3
long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
04. Dung dch X gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al;
0,05 mol Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti kh phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y cha 3 kim
loi.Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l
A. 0,3M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,42M. D. 0,45M.
05. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 896 ml hn hp gm NO v NO
2
c . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
06. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO
3
long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc)
hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu
trong khng kh. Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
A. 0,51 mol. B. 0,45 mol. C. 0,55 mol. D. 0,49 mol.
07. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 1,12 lt hn hp
kh D (ktc) gm NO
2
v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch
HNO
3
37,8% (d = 1,242g/ml) cn dng.
A. 20,18 ml. B. 11,12 ml. C. 21,47 ml. D. 36,7 ml.
08. Ha tan 6,25 gam hn hp Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A, cht rn B
gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v NO
2
.
T khi ca hn hp D so vi H
2
l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO
3
v tnh khi lng mui khan
thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng.
A. 0,65M v 11,794 gam. B. 0,65M v 12,35 gam.
C. 0,75M v 11,794 gam. D. 0,55M v 12.35 gam.
09. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O
2
thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe.
Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v
NO
2
. T khi ca B so vi H
2
bng 19. Th tch V ktc l
A. 672 ml. B. 336 ml. C. 448 ml. D. 896 ml.
10. Cho a gam hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe
2
O
3
c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng
va l 250 ml dung dch HNO
3
khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh C gm NO
2
v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh a.
Phng php 4
S DNG PHNG TRNH ION - ELETRON
V d 1: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung
dch Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo
139
dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot
ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt. C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
V d 2: Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 1,49 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
V d 3: Dung dch X cha dung dch NaOH 0,2M v dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Sc 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l
V d 4: Ha tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th trong nc c dung
dch A v c 1,12 lt H
2
bay ra ( ktc). Cho dung dch cha 0,03 mol AlCl
3
vo dung dch A. khi
lng kt ta thu c l
V d 5: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu
gam Cu kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
V d 7: Trn 100 ml dung dch A (gm KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M) vo 100 ml dung dch B (gm
NaHCO
3
1M v Na
2
CO
3
1M) thu c dung dch C.
Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D (gm H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch C thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc)
v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ti d vo dung dch E th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m v V ln lt l
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt. B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.
V d 8: Ha tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4
0,28M v HCl 1M thu c 8,736 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X.Thm V lt dung dch cha ng thi
NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,5M vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta ln nht.
a) S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l
b) Th tch V l
A. 0,39 lt. B. 0,4 lt. C. 0,41 lt. D. 0,42 lt.
c) Lng kt ta l
V d 9: (Cu 40 - M 182 - TS i Hc - Khi A 2007)
Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M,
thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
V d 10: (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M thot ra V
2
lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
= 1,5V
1
.
V d 11: (Cu 33 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
140
V d 12: (Cu 18 - M 231 - TS Cao ng - Khi A 2007)
Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Th
tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
V d 13: Ha tan hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch HNO
3
long. Kt thc phn ng
thu c hn hp kh Y (gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol N
2
O). Bit rng khng c phn
ng to mui NH
4
NO
3
. S mol HNO
3
phn ng l:
A. 0,75 mol. B. 0,9 mol. C. 1,05 mol. D. 1,2 mol.
V d 14: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al v Mg phn ng vi dung dch hn hp hai axit HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
(c nng) thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO
2
, NO, NO
2
. C cn dung dch sau phn ng khi lng mui
khan thu c l:
V d 15: Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe trong 4 lt dung dch HNO
3
aM va thu c
dung dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N
2
v N
2
O c t l mol 1:1. C cn dung dch A thu c m
(gam.) mui khan. gi tr ca m, a l:
A. 55,35 gam. v 2,2M B. 55,35 gam. v 0,22M
C. 53,55 gam. v 2,2M D. 53,55 gam. v 0,22M
V d 16: Ha tan 5,95 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol l 1:2 bng dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c
0,896 lt mt sn sn phm kh X duy nht cha nit. X l:
A. N
2
O B. N
2
C. NO D. NH
4
+
V d 17: Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS
2
v 0,09 mol Cu
2
FeS
2
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
d
thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO
2
. Thm BaCl
2
d vo dung dch X thu c m
gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g A. 112,84g v 167,44g
V d 18: Ha tan 4,76 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol 1:2 trong 400ml dung dch HNO
3
1M va ,
dc dung dch X cha m gam mui khan v thy khng c kh thot ra. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25.8 gam. B. 26,9 gam. C. 27,8 gam. D. 28,8 gam.
Phng php 5
S DNG CC GI TR TRUNG BNH
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEP PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
01. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l
A. 0,05 mol v 0,05 mol. B. 0,045 mol v 0,055 mol.
C. 0,04 mol v 0,06 mol. D. 0,06 mol v 0,04 mol.
02. C 3 ancol bn khng phi l ng phn ca nhau. t chy mi cht u c s mol CO
2
bng 0,75
ln s mol H
2
O. 3 ancol l
A. C
2
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O; C
4
H
10
O. B. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O
2
; C
4
H
10
O.
C. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
8
O2; C
3
H
8
O
3
. D. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O
2
.
03. Cho axit oxalic HOOCCOOH tc dng vi hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, ng ng lin tip thu
c 5,28 gam hn hp 3 este trung tnh. Thy phn lng este trn bng dung dch NaOH thu c
5,36 gam mui. Hai ru c cng thc
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
141
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH.
04. Nitro ha benzen c 14,1 gam hn hp hai cht nitro c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 45
vC. t chy hon ton hn hp hai cht nitro ny c 0,07 mol N
2
. Hai cht nitro l
A. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
.
B. C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
v C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3.
C. C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
v C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
.
D. C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
v C
6
H(NO
2
)
5
.
05. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng c khi lng 30,4 gam. Chia X thnh hai
phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi Na d, kt thc phn ng thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Phn 2: tch nc hon ton 180
o
C, xc tc H
2
SO
4
c thu c mt anken cho hp th vo bnh
ng dung dch Brom d thy c 32 gam Br
2
b mt mu. CTPT hai ancol trn l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
06. Chia hn hp gm 2 anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam nc.
- Phn 2: tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em A t chy hon ton th th tch
kh CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,444 lt.
07. Tch nc hon ton t hn hp Y gm hai ru A, B ta c hn hp X gm cc olefin. Nu t
chy hon ton Y th thu c 0,66 gam CO
2
. Vy khi t chy hon ton X th tng khi lng H
2
O v
CO
2
to ra l
08. Cho 9,85 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc no bc 1 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl th thu c
18,975 gam mui. Vy khi lng HCl phi dng l
09. Cho 4,2 gam hn hp gm ru etylic, phenol, axit fomic tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 0,672
lt kh (ktc) v mt dung dch. C cn dung dch thu c hn hp X. Khi lng ca X l
10. Hn hp X gm 2 este A, B ng phn vi nhau v u c to thnh t axit n chc v ru n
chc. Cho 2,2 gam hn hp X bay hi 136,5
o
C v 1 atm th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em
thu phn hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp X bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 g/ml) ri em c
cn th thu c 33,8 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc phn t ca este l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
5
H
10
O
2
.
Phng php 6
TNG GIM KHI LNG
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP TNG GIM
KHI LNG
01. Cho 115 gam hn hp gm ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 22,4
lt CO
2
(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong ddch l
02. Ngm mt l st trong dung dch CuSO
4
. Nu bit khi lng ng bm trn l st l 9,6 gam th
khi lng l st sau ngm tng thm bao nhiu gam so vi ban u?
142
04. Cho V lt dung dch A cha ng thi FeCl
3
1M v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,5M tc dng vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
c d, phn ng kt thc thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 69,2 gam so vi tng khi lng
ca cc dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,2 lt. B. 0,24 lt. C. 0,237 lt. D.0,336 lt.
05. Cho lung kh CO i qua 16 gam oxit st nguyn cht c nung nng trong mt ci ng. Khi phn
ng thc hin hon ton v kt thc, thy khi lng ng gim 4,8 gam.Xc nh cng thc v tn oxit
st em dng.
06. Dng CO kh 40 gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
thu c 33,92 gam cht rn B gm Fe
2
O
3
, FeO v Fe. Cho tc
dng vi H
2
SO
4
long d, thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Xc nh thnh phn theo s mol cht rn B,
th tch kh CO (ktc) ti thiu c c kt qu ny.
Phng php 7
QUI I HN HP NHIU CHT V S LNG CHT T HN
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
,
Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn
phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
V d 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
c nng thu c 4,48 lt
kh NO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l
V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu
c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc).
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng oxi trong hn hp X.
A. 40,24%. B. 30,7%. C. 20,97%. D. 37,5%.
b) Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Y.
A. 160 gam. B.140 gam. C. 120 gam. D. 100 gam.
V d 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
th cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt khc
ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c th tch kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc) l.
A. 224 ml. B. 448 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml.
V d 5: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X
trong dung dch HNO
3
(d) thot ra 0,56 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
V d 6: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung
dch Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo
dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot
ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt. C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
V d 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. A ha tan va vn
trong dung dch cha 0,5 mol HNO
3
, bay ra kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol NO bay ra l.
A. 0,01. B. 0,04. C. 0,03. D. 0,02.
Phng php 8
S NG CHO
Phng php 9
CC I LNG DNG KHI QUT
V d 1: (Cu 11 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
143
Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy u, thu c
V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta.
Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b). B. V = 11,2(a b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
V d 2: (Cu 13 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo phn ng
vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
V d 3: (Cu 21 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
V d 4: (Cu 37 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va
2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l
A. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH. D. HOOCCOOH.
V d 5: (Cu 39 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x v
y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x 2. D. y = x + 2.
V d 7: (Cu 32 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO
4
v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp). dung
dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO
4
2
khng b in phn trong dung dch)

A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
V d 8: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O (bit b = a
+ c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc.
V d 12: Mt dung dch hn hp cha a mol NaAlO
2
v a mol NaOH tc dng vi mt dung dch cha
b mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l
A. a = b. B. a = 2b. C. b = 5a. D. a < b < 5a.
V d 14: Hn hp X gm Na v Al.
- Th nghim 1: Nu cho m gam X tc dng vi H
2
O d th thu c V
1
lt H
2
.
- Th nghim 2: nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c V
2
lt H
2
.
Cc kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
> V
2
. C. V
1
< V
2
. D. V
1
V
2
.
V d 15: Mt bnh kn cha V lt NH
3
v V lt O
2
cng iu kin. Nung nng bnh c xc tc NH
3
chuyn ht thnh NO, sau NO chuyn ht thnh NO
2
. NO
2
v lng O
2
cn li trong bnh hp th va
vn ht trong nc thnh dung dch HNO
3
. T s l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
V d 17: Hn hp X c mt s ankan. t chy 0,05 mol hn hp X thu c a mol CO
2
v b mol
H
2
O. Kt lun no sau y l ng?
144
A. a = b. B. a = b 0,02.
C. a = b 0,05. D. a = b 0,07.
Phng php 10
T CHN LNG CHT
Cch 1: CHN 1 MOL CHT HOC HN HP CHT PHN NG
V d 1: Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M ha tr n bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
9,8% ta thu c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. M l kim loi g?
A. Cu. B. Fe. C. Al. D. Zn.
V d 2: Cho dung dch axit axetic c nng x% tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 10% th thu
c dung dch mui c nng 10,25%. Vy x c gi tr no sau y?
A. 20%. B. 16%. C. 15%. D.13%.
V d 3: (Cu 1 - M 231 - Khi A - TSC 2007)
Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)
2
bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% thu c dung dch
mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
V d 4: Hn hp X gm N
2
v c H
2
c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 3,6. Sau khi tin hnh phn ng tng
hp c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 4. Hiu sut phn ng tng hp l
A. 10%. B. 15%. C. 20%. D. 25%.
V d 5: Hn hp A gm mt Anken v hiro c t khi so vi H
2
bng 6,4. Cho A i qua niken nung
nng c hn hp B c t khi so vi H
2
bng 8 (gi thit hiu sut phn ng xy ra l 100%). Cng
thc phn t ca anken l
A. C
2
H
4
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
10
Cch 2: CHN NG T L LNG CHT TRONG U BI CHO
Cch 3: CHN GI TR CHO THNG S
V d 14: X l hp kim gm (Fe, C, Fe
3
C), trong hm lng tng cng ca Fe l 96%, hm lng C
n cht l 3,1%, hm lng Fe
3
C l a%. Gi tr a l
A. 10,5. B. 13,5. C. 14,5. D. 16.
V d 15: Nung m gam X cha 80% khi lng gam CaCO
3
(phn cn li l tp cht tr) mt thi
gian thu c cht rn Y cha 45,65 % CaO. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO
3
.
A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 70%.
Cc loi hp cht v c
145
Oxi
Oxit khng to mui
Nguyn t
A. oxit :
I. nh ngha : Oxit l hp cht gm 2 nguyn t, trong c 1 nguyn t l oxi
.
II. Phn loi: Cn c vo tnh cht ha hc ca oxit , ngi ta phn loi nh sau:
1. Oxit baz l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui v nc.
2. Oxit Axit l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch baz to thnh mui v nc.
3. Oxit lng tnh l nhng oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit v tc dng vi
dung dch baz to thnh mui v nc. VD nh Al
2
O
3
, ZnO .BeO, Cr
2
O
3
4. Oxit trung tnh cn c gi l oxit khng to mui l nhng oxit khng tc
dng vi dung dch axit, dung dch baz, nc. VD nh CO, NO
III.Tnh cht ha hc :
1. Tc dng vi nc :
a.
2
Oxitphi kim+H O Axit
.V d :
3 2 2 4
SO +H O H SO
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4
b.
2
Oxitkim loai +H O Baz
. V d :
2 2
CaO+H O Ca(OH)
2. Tc dng vi Axit :
Oxit Kim loi + Axit
Mui + H
2
O
VD :
2 2
CuO +2HCl CuCl +H O
3. Tc dng vi Kim( dung dch baz):
Oxit phi kim + Kim
Mui + H
2
O
VD :
2 2 3 2
CO +2NaOH Na CO +H O

2 3
CO +NaOH NaHCO
(ty theo t l s mol)
146
Oxit to mui
Oxit
Oxit Lng tnh
HirOxit Lng tnh Baz
Mui
Oxit Axit

Axit
Mui
baz
Mui Axit
Mui trung ha
Oxit phi kim + Oxit Kim loi
Mui
VD :
2 3
CO +CaO CaCO
5. Mt s tnh cht ring:
VD :
o
t
2 3 2
3CO + Fe O 3CO + 2Fe

o
t
2
2HgO 2Hg + O

o
t
2 2
CuO + H Cu + H O
* Al
2
O
3
l oxit lng tnh: va phn ng vi dung dch Axt va phn ng vi
dung dch Kim:
2 3 3 2
Al O + 6HCl 2AlCl + 3H O
2 3 2 2
Al O + 2NaOH 2NaAlO + H O
IV. iu ch oxit:

V d:
2N
2
+ 5O
2
2N
2
O
5
3Fe + 2O
2
Fe
3
O
4
2CuS + 3O
2
2CuO + 2SO
2
2PH
3
+ 4O
2
P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
4HNO
3
4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
H
2
CO
3
CO
2
+ H
2
O
CaCO
3
CO
2
+ CaO
Cu(OH)
2
H
2
O+ CuO
2Al + Fe
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
B . AXIT :
I. nh ngha: Axit l hp cht m trong phn t gm 1 hoc nhiu nguyn t
Hiro lin kt vi gc Axit .
Tn gi:
* Axit khng c oxi tn gi c ui l hiric . HCl : axit clohiric
* Axit c oxi tn gi c ui l ic hoc .
H
2
SO
4
: Axit Sunfuric H
2
SO
3
: Axit Sunfur
Mt s Axit thng thng:
K hieu : Tn gi Ha tr
_ Cl Clorua I
= S Sunfua II
_ Br Bromua I
_ NO
3
Nitrat I
147
Phi kim + oxi
kim loi + oxi
Oxi + hp
cht
Oxit
Nhit phn mui
Nhit phn baz
khng tan
Nhit phn Axit
(axit mt nc)
kim loi mnh+ Oxit
kim loi yu
= SO
4
Sunfat II
= SO
3
Sunfit II
_ HSO
4
Hirosunfat I
_ HSO
3
Hirosunfit I
= CO
3
Cacbonat II
_ HCO
3
Hirocacbonat I
PO
4
Photphat III
= HPO
4
Hirophotphat II
_ H
2
PO
4
ihirophotphat I
_ CH
3
COO Axetat I
_ AlO
2
Aluminat I
II.Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Dung dchAxit lm qu tm ha :
2. Tc dng vi kiem :
2 4 2 4 2
H SO +2NaOH Na SO + 2H O
2 4 4 2
H SO +NaOH NaHSO + H O
2 2
2HCl +CaO CaCl + H O
4. Tc dng vi Kim loi (ng trc hir) :
2 2
2HCl +Fe FeCl + H
* Day hoat ong hoa hoc cua kim loai:
K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
5. Tc dng vi Mui :
3 3
* H
2
SO
4
c v HNO
3
c nhit thng khng phn ng vi Al v Fe
(tnh cht th ng ha) .
* Axit HNO
3
phn ng vi hu ht Kim loi (tr Au, Pt) khng gii phng Hir :
3 3 3 2
4HNO + Fe Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O
* HNO
3
c nng+ Kim loi
Mui nitrat + NO
2
(mu nu)+ H
2
O
VD :
3 3 3 2 2
6HNO + Fe Fe(NO ) + NO + 3H O ac,nong
* HNO
3
long + Kim loi
Mui nitrat + NO (khng mu) + H

2
O
VD :
3 3 2 2
8HNO + 3Cu 3Cu(NO ) + 2NO + 4H O loang
* H
2
SO
4
c nngv HNO
3
c nng hoc long Tc dng vi St th to
thnh Mui St (III).
* Axit H
2
SO
4
c nngc kh nng phn ng vi nhiu Kim loi khng gii
phng Hir :
2 4 4 2 2
2H SO + Cu CuSO + SO + 2H O ac,nong
C. Baz :
I. nh ngha: Baz l hp cht ha hc m trong phn t c 1 nguyn t Kim
loi lin kt vi 1 hay nhiu nhm hirxit (_ OH).
II. Tnh cht ha hc:
1. Dung dch Kim lm qu tm ha xanh, phenolphtalein khng mu ha
hng.
2. Tc dng vi Axt :
2 2 2
Mg(OH) + 2HCl MgCl + 2H O

2 4 2 4 2
2KOH + H SO K SO + 2H O
;

2 4 4 2
KOH + H SO KHSO + H O
148
3. Dung dch kim tc dng vi oxit phi kim:
3 2 4 2
2KOH + SO K SO +H O

3 4
KOH + SO KHSO
4. Dung dch kim tc dng vi Mui :
4 2 4 2
2KOH + MgSO K SO +Mg(OH)
5. Baz khng tan b nhit phn:
o
t
2 2
Cu(OH) CuO+H O
6. Mt s phn ng khc:
2 2 2 3
4Fe(OH) +O +2H O 4Fe(OH)

4 2 4 2
KOH+KHSO K SO +H O

3 2 2 2 3 2
4NaOH+Mg(HCO ) Mg(OH) +2Na CO +2H O
* Al(OH)
3
l hirxit lng tnh :
3 3 2
Al(OH) +3HCl AlCl +3H O

3 2 2
Al(OH) + NaOH NaAlO +2H O
D. Mui :
I. nh ngha : Mui l hp cht m phn t gm mt hay nhiu nguyn t
Kim loi lin kt vi mt hay nhiu gc Axit.
II.Tnh cht ha hc:
Tc dng vi
Kim loi
Kim loi + mui Mui mi v Kim loi mi
V d:
3 3 2
2AgNO +Cu Cu(NO ) + 2Ag
Lu :
+ Kim loi ng trc (tr Na, K, Ca) y kim loi ng
sau (trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi) ra khi dung
dch mui ca chng.
+ Kim loi Na, K, Ca khi tc dng vi dung dch mui
th khng cho Kim loi mi v:
Na + CuSO
4

2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
Tc dng vi
Axit
Mui + axt mui mi + axit mi
V d:
2 2
Na S+ 2HCl 2NaCl +H S

2 3 2 2
Na SO +2HCl 2NaCl +H O+SO

3 3
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Mui to thnh khng tc dng vi
axit mi sinh ra hoc axit mi sinh ra l cht d bay hI hoc
axit yu hn axit tham gia phn ng .
Tc dng vi
Kim (Baz)
Dung dch Mui tc dng vi Baz to thnh Mui mi v
Baz mi
V d:
2 3 2 3
Na CO + Ca(OH) CaCO +2NaOH
iu kin phn ng xy ra: Mui mi hoc Baz mi to thnh
l cht khng tan (kt ta)
Tc dng vi
Dung dch
Mui
Dung dch Mui tc dng vi dung dch Mui
149
Mt s Mui
b nhit
phn hy
o
t
3 2 3 2 2
2NaHCO Na CO +CO +H O
o
t
3 2
CaCO CaO+CO
Tnh cht
ring
2 4 3 4 4
Fe (SO ) +Cu CuSO +2FeSO
3 2
2FeCl +Fe 3FeCl
Cc cng thc thng gp
XI. Cng thc tnh s mol :
1.
M
m
n
2.
4 , 22
V
n
3.
dd M
V C n
4.
M
m C
n
dd
% 100
%
5.
( )
M
C D ml V
n
dd
% 100
%
6.
( )
T R
dkkc V P
n

XII. Cng thc tnh nng C%
7.
dd
ct
m
m
C
% 100
%

8.
D
M C
C
M
10
%
XIII. Cng thc tnh nng mol :
9.
dd
ct
M
V
n
C
150
Ch thch:
K
hiu
Tn gi n
v
n
S mol mol
m
Khi lng gam
ct
m Khi lng cht tan gam
dd
m Khi lng dung
dch
gam
dm
m Khi lng dung
mi
gam
hh
m Khi lng hn hp gam
A
m Khi lng cht A gam
B
m Khi lng cht B gam
M
Khi lng mol gam/m
ol
A
M Khi lng mol
cht tan A
gam/m
ol
B
M Khi lng mol
cht tan B
gam/m
ol
V
Th tch lt
dd
V Th tch dung
dch
lt
( ) ml V
dd
Th tch dung
dch
mililt
( ) dkkc V Th tch iu
kin khng
chun
lt
% C
Nng phn
trm
%
M
C Nng mol Mol/lt
D
Khi lng ring gam/m
l
P
p sut atm
R
Hng s
(22,4:273)
10.
M
C D
C
M
% 10
XIV. Cng thc tnh khi lng :

11. M n m
12.
% 100
%
dd
ct
V C
m

XV. Cng thc tnh khi lng dung dch :

13.
dm ct dd
m m m +
14.
%
% 100
C
m
m
ct
dd

15.
( ) D ml V m
dd dd

XVI. Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch :
16.
M
dd
C
n
V
17. ( )
D
m
ml V
dd
dd

XVII. Cng thc tnh thnh phn % v khi lng hay th tch cc cht
trong hn hp:
18.
% 100 %
hh
A
m
m
A
19.
% 100 %
hh
B
m
m
B
hoac A B % % 100 %
20.
B A hh
m m m +
XVIII. T khi ca cht kh :
21.

,
_

B
A
B
A
M
M
d
m
m
d
XIX. Hiu sut phn ng :
22.
( )
% 100
\
) \ (
%
lt lt
tt tt tt
V n mlt
V n m
H
151
XX. Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh hn hp cht kh
23.
n M +n M +n M +...
1 1 2 2 3 3
M =
hh
n +n +n +...
1 2 3
(hoc)
V M +V M +V M +...
1 1 2 2 3 3
M =
hh
V +V +V +...
1 2 3
)
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1: hp th hon ton 22,4lt CO
2
(o ktc) cn 150g dung dch NaOH
40% (c D = 1,25g/ml).
a) Tnh nng M ca cc cht c trong dung dch (gi s s ha tan khng
lm thay i th tch dung dch ).
b) Trung ha lng xt ni trn cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1,5M.
Bi 2: Bit rng 1,12lt kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng va vi 100ml
dung dch NaOH to thnh mui trung ha.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng .
b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH dng.
Bi 3: Khi cho ln men m (g) glucz, thu c V(l) kh cacbonic, hiu sut phn
ng 80%. hp th V(l) kh cacbonic cn dng ti thiu l 64ml dung dch
NaOH 20% (D = 1,25 g/ml). Mui thu c to thnh theo t l 1:1. nh m v V? (
th tch o ktc)
Bi 4: Dung dch c cha 20g natri hirxit hp th hon ton 11,2lt kh
cacbonic (o ktc) . Hy cho bit:
a) Mui no c to thnh?
b) Khi lng ca mui l bao nhiu?
Bi 5: Cho 100ml dung dch natri hirxit (NaOH) tc dng va vi 1,12lt
kh cacbonic (o ktc) to thnh mui trung ha.
a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch natri hirxit (NaOH) dng.
b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch mui sau phn ng. Bit rng khi
lng ca dung dch sau phn ng l 105g.
KOH 1M. Nhng cht no c trong dung dch sau phn ng v khi lng l bao
nhiu?
Bi 7: Cho 6,2g Na
2
O tan ht vo nc to thnh 200g dung dch.
a) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c.
b) Tnh th tch kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng vi dung dch ni trn,
bit sn phm l mui trung ha.
Bi 8:Dn 5,6 lt CO
2
(kc) vo bnh cha 200ml dung dch NaOH nng a M; dung dch thu c c
kh nng tc dng ti a100ml dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca a l?
A. 0,75 B. 1,5 C. 2 D. 2,5
**
. Bi ton CO
2
, SO
2
dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2
:
bit kh nng xy ra ta tnh t l k:
152
K=
2
2
) (OH Ca
CO
n
n
- K 1: ch to mui CaCO
3
- K 2: ch to mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2
1 < K < 2: to c mui CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
- Khi nhng bi ton khng th tnh K ta da vo nhng d kin ph tm ra kh nng to mui.
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi d th ch to mui CaCO
3
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, thm NaOH d vo thy c kt ta na suy ra c s
to c CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
- Hp th CO
2
vo nc vi trong thy c kt ta, lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc li thy kt ta
na suy ra c s to c CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
- Nu khng c cc d kin trn ta phi chia trng hp gii.
Khi hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch baz nht thit phi xy ra s tng gim khi lng dung
dch. Thng gp nht l hp th sn phm chy bng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hoc ddBa(OH)
2
. Khi :
Khi lng dung dch tng=m
hp th
- m
kt ta
Khi lng dung dch gim = m
kt ta
m
hp th
- Nu m
kt ta
>m
CO
2
th khi lng dung dch gim so vi khi lng dung dch ban u
- Nu m
kt ta
<m
CO
2
th khi lng dung dch tng so vi khi lng dung dch ban u
Khi dn p gam kh CO
2
vo bnh ng nc vi d sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng m gam v
c n gam kt ta to thnh th lun c: p= n + m
Khi dn p gam kh CO
2
vo bnh ng nc vi sau phn ng khi lng dung dch gim m gam v c n
gam kt ta to thnh th lun c: p=n - m
Ca(OH)
2
0,1M.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng cc cht sau phn ng.
Bi 10: Cho 2,24lt kh cacbonic (o ktc) tc dng va vi 200ml
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
sinh ra cht kt ta mu trng.
a) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
dng.
b) Tnh khi lng cht kt ta thu c.
Bi 11: Dn V lt CO
2
(kc) vo 300ml dd Ca(OH)
2
0,5 M. Sau phn ng thu c
10g kt ta. Vy V bng: (Ca=40;C=12;O=16)
A/. 2,24 lt B/. 3,36 lt C/. 4,48 lt D/. C A, C u ng
Bi 12: Hp thu ht CO
2
vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch A. Bit rng:
- cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th phi mt 50ml dd HCl 1M mi thy
bt u c kh thot ra.
- Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch A c 7,88gam kt ta.
dung dch A cha? (Na=23;C=12;H=1;O=16;Ba=137)
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. NaHCO
3
C. NaOH v Na
2
CO
3
D. NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
Bi 13:hp th ton b 0,896 lt CO
2
vo 3 lt dd ca(OH)
2
0,01M c?
(C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. 1g kt ta B. 2g kt ta C. 3g kt ta D. 4g kt ta
153
Bi 14:Hp th ton b 0,3 mol CO
2
2
. khi
lng dung dch sau phn ng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
(C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. Tng 13,2gam B. Tng 20gam C. Gim 16,8gam D Gim
6,8gam
Bi 15:Hp th ton b x mol CO
2
2
c
2gam kt ta. Ch ra ga tr x? (C=12;H=1;O=16;Ca=40)
A. 0,02mol v 0,04 mol B. 0,02mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01mol v 0,03 mol D. 0,03mol v 0,04 mol
Bi 16: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch nc vi trong c
cha 0,075 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Sn phm thu c sau phn ng gm:
A. Ch c CaCO
3
B. Ch c Ca(HCO
3
)
2
C. CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v CO
2
Bi 17:Hp th hon ton 0,224lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 2 lt Ca(OH)
2
0,01M ta thu c
m gam kt ta. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 1g B. 1,5g C. 2g D. 2,5g
Bi 18:Sc V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1,5 lt Ba(OH)
2
0,1M thu c 19,7 gam kt
ta. Ga tr ln nht ca V l?
A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 4,48 D. 6,72
Bi 19:Hp th ht 0,672 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo bnh cha 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Thm tip 0,4gam NaOH vo bnh ny. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn
ng l?
A. 1,5g B. 2g C. 2,5g D. 3g
Bi 20:Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
2
nng a mol/l thu c 15,76g kt ta. Ga tr ca a l?
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
Bi 21:Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, hp th 0,5 mol kh CO
2
vo 500 ml dung dch A thu c kt ta c khi lng?
A. 10g B. 12g C. 20g D. 28g
Bi 22:Hp th ht 0,2 mol CO
2
vo 1 lt dung dch cha KOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,05M thu c kt ta nng?
A. 5g B. 15g C. 10g D. 1g
Bi 23:Dung dch X cha NaOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Hp th 7,84 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th khi lng kt ta thu c l?
A. 15g B. 5g C. 10g D. 1g
Bi 24:Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO
2
2
nng
a mol/l, thu c 15,76gam kt ta. Ga tr ca a l? ( TTS khi A nm 2007)
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
2
hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,11 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Ta
nhn thy khi lng CaCO
3
to ra ln hn khi lng CO
2
dng nn khi lng
dung dch cn li gim bao nhiu?
2
hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,08mol Ca(OH)
2
. Ta
nhn thy khi lng CaCO
3
to ra nh hn khi lng CO
2
dng nn khi lng
dung dch cn li tng l bao nhiu?
154
A. 416gam B. 41,6gam C. 4,16gam D. 0,416gam
Bi 27:Cho 0,2688 lt CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
0,1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Tng khi lng mui thu c l?
H thng 8 dng bi tp thng c
vn dng lm bi trc nghim Ho.
y l loi bi tp quan trng biu th c trng ca mn ho hc. Bi ton ho
s chim t l ng k trong cu trc ca cc b thi trc nghim mn ho,
ng thi ng vai tr ln trong vic nh gi th sinh, nht l phn loi th
sinh.
Vic rn luyn k nng gii cc bi ton ho trc nghim i hi nm chc
cc loi bi ton ho ny, cng vi phng php gii c th ngn gn cho tng
loi.
Di y s gii thiu nhng dng bi ton .
1. Bi tp ton v cu to nguyn t
V d 36.
Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron ca mt nguyn t l 155.
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Hy xc nh s
khi ca nguyn t trn theo cc kt qu cho sau :
A. 95 B. 115
C. 108 D. 112
V d 37.
X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm v 2 chu k lin tip trong
bng h thng tun hon. Tng s cc ht mang in trong nguyn t X v Y l
52.
S th t ca nguyn t X v Y l :
A. 8 v 15 B. 9 v 17
C. 7 v 14 D. 7 v 15
2. Bi ton v nng , pH ca dung dch
V d 38.
Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dung dch KNO
3
c nng
% tng ng l 45% v 15% c mt dung dch KNO
3
c nng 20%.
A. 2/3 B. 2/5
C. 1/5 D. 3/4
V d 39.
155
Lm bay hi 500ml dung dch HNO
3
20% (D = 1,2g/ml) ch cn 300 g dung
dch. Nng phn trm ca dung dch ny l :
A. 30% B. 40%
C. 35% D. 38%
V d 40.
Tnh s ml H
2
O cn thm vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch
mi c nng 0,1M.
A. 9000ml B. 18000ml
C. 11000ml D. 17000ml
V d 41.
Trn 100ml dung dch KOH c pH = 12 vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,012M. pH
ca dung dch thu c sau khi trn l :
A. 2 B. 4
C. 3 D. 5
V d 42.
trung ho hon ton 50ml hn hp X gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
cn dng 20ml NaOH
0,3M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 g hn hp mui kh.
Tnh nng mol ca mi axit v pH ca hn hp X (coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton
thnh ion).
A. C
M(HCl)
= 0,120M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,080M v pH = 0,85
B. C
M(HCl)
= 0,072M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,024M v pH = 0,92
C. C
M(HCl)
= 0,065M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,015M v pH = 0,89
D. Kt qu khc
3. Bi ton xc nh khi lng cht trong qu trnh ho hc v hiu
sut phn ng
V d 43.
Ngi ta dng qung pirit st iu ch SO
2
. Hy tnh khi lng qung cn
thit iu ch 4,48 lt SO
2
(ktc), bit qung cha 20% tp cht v hiu
sut phn ng l 75%.
A. 25,2 gam B. 20,8 gam
C. 20 gam D. 20,3 gam
V d 44.
Cho 0,1 mol FeCl
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
d thu c kt ta X. em
nung kt ta nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi
lng m. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 7 gam B. 8 gam
C. 9 gam D. 10 gam
V d 45.
156
Tnh khi lng axit metacrylic v khi lng ru metylic cn dng iu ch 150
gam metyl metacrylat, gi s phn ng este ho t hiu sut 60%.
A. m
axit metacrylic
= 215 gam ; m
ru metylic
= 80 gam
B. m
axit metacrylic
= 200 gam ; m
ru metylic
= 75 gam
C. m
axit metacrylic
= 185 gam ; m
rumetylic
= 82 gam
D. Kt qu khc
V d 46.
Cho 500 gam benzen phn ng vi hn hp HNO
3
c v H
2
SO
4
c. Lng
nitrobenzen sinh ra c kh thnh anilin. Tnh khi lng anilin thu c, bit hiu
sut mi giai on u t 78%.
A. 315 gam B. 402,1 gam
C. 385,2 gam D. 362,7 gam
4. Bi ton v xc nh khi lng phn t v cng thc cht
V d 47.
Cho 2,3 gam mt ru n chc X tc dng vi mt lng natri kim loi va , thu
c 0,56 lt H
2
(ktc). Xc nh khi lng phn t ca ru X, c :
A. 42 gam B. 34 gam
C. 46 gam D. 58 gam
V d 48.
Nung 2,45 gam mui v c X thy thot ra 672 ml O
2
(ktc). Phn cht rn cn
li cha 52,35% kali, 47,65% clo. Xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca X.
A. KClO B. KClO
2
C. KClO
3
D. KClO
4
V d 49.
t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt axit hu c X mch h c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 1,8
gam H
2
O
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. CH
2
O
2
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
D. C
4
H
8
O
4
V d 50.
Mt ru no, khi t chy hon ton 1 mol cn va 3,5 mol oxi. Hy xc nh
cng thc cu to ca ru trn, bit rng mi nguyn t cacbon ch lin kt vi
mt nhm OH.
A.
3 2
|
CH CH CH OH
OH

B.
2 2
| |
CH CH
OH OH
C.
2 2
| | |
CH CH CH
OH OH OH

D. Cng thc cu to khc
5. Bi ton v xc nh thnh phn hn hp
V d 51
157
Ho tan 26,8 gam hn hp CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
vo dung dch HCl c d, thu c 6,72
lt CO
2
(ktc). Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp.
A.
3
CaCO
%m
= 28,5% ;
3
MgCO
%m
= 71,5%
B.
3
CaCO
%m
= 37,31% ;
3
MgCO
%m
= 62,69%
C.
3
CaCO
%m
= 40% ;
3
MgCO
%m
= 60%
D.
3
CaCO
%m
= 29,3% ;
3
MgCO
%m
= 70,7%
6. Bi ton v in phn
V d 52.
in phn 500ml dung dch AgNO
3
vi in cc tr cho n khi catt bt u
c kh thot ra th ngng. trung ho dung dch sau in phn cn 800ml
dung dch NaOH 1M.
Tnh thi gian in phn, bit khi in phn ngi ta dng dng in cng
20A.
A. 4013 giy B. 3728 giy
C. 3918 giy D. 3860 giy
V d 53.
in phn 10ml dung dch Ag
2
SO
4
0,2M vi cc in cc tr trong 11 pht 30
giy v dng in cng 2A. Xc nh lng bc thu c catt trong s cc
kt qu cho sau :
A. 3,129 gam B. 4,320 gam
C. 1,544 gam D. 1,893 gam
V d 54.
in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy, ngi ta thu c 0,896 lt kh
(ktc) ant v 3,12 gam kim loi catt. Xc nh cng thc mui in phn
c :
A. KCl B. NaCl
C. LiCl D. CsCl
7. Bi ton v cc cht kh
V d 55.
Cho 5,6 lt hn hp X gm N
2
v CO
2
(ktc) i chm qua 5 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02 M d phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 5 gam kt ta. Tnh t khi
hi ca hn hp X so vi hiro, c l :
A. 14,3 B. 14,8
C. 15,6 D. 15,1
V d 56.
27
o
C, p sut 87mmHg, ngi ta cho mt lng st kim loi ho tan trong dung
dch HCl, thu c 360ml kh. Xc nh khi lng st phn ng, c kt qu
sau :
A. 0,11304 gam B. 0,09352 gam
C. 0,10671 gam D. 0,12310 gam
V d 57.
158
Trong mt bnh thp c dung tch 5,6 lt (khng cha khng kh), ngi ta cho
vo 32 gam NH
4
NO
2
. a bnh v 0
o
C sau khi un nng mui ny b
phn tch hon ton. Tnh p sut trong bnh (coi th tch nc l khng ng
k).
A. 3 atm B. 4 atm
C. 2 atm D. 5 atm
V d 58.
Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 11,2 lt cha y O
2
( ktc) v c sn
6,4 gam bt S. t nng bnh n lc xy ra phn ng hon ton ri a bnh
v t
o
C thy p sut trong bnh l 1,25 atm (cht rn chim th tch khng
ng k). Nhit t
o
C c xc nh l :
A. 65,70
o
C B. 68,25
o
C
C. 69,20
o
C D. 70,15
o
C
8. Bi ton tng hp
V d 59.
Dung dch axit fomic 0,46% c D = 1g/ml v pH bng 3. Hy xc nh in
li ca axit fomic.
A. 1% B. 2%
C. 1,5% D. 2,5%
V d 60
Ngi ta kh nc 7,4g ru n chc no vi hiu sut 80% c cht kh. Dn kh
ny vo dung dch brom th c 12,8 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Xc nh
cng thc ca ru trn.
A. C
3
H
7
OH B. C
4
H
9
OH
C. C
5
H
11
OH D. C
2
H
5
OH
p s v hng dn gii
V d 36. p n C
Theo ta c :
2p n 155
2p n 33
+
'

p = 47, n = 61 s khi = 47 + 61 = 108

V d 37. p n B.
t p, e l s proton v s electron trong nguyn t X.
p', e' l s proton v s electron trong nguyn t Y
Theo c : 2p + 2p' = 52 p + p' = 26
V X v Y cng phn nhm v hai chu k k tip nhau nn cch nhau 8
hoc 18 , do :
p + 8 = p' (1)
p + 18 = p' (2)
T (1), (2) bin lun tm c p = 9 (flo)
p' = 17 (clo)
V d 38. p n C.
159
1 3
2 3
m(gam)ddKNO 45% 5
5 1
20%
25 5
m (gam)ddKNO 15% 25
Dng quy tc ng cho :

=
1
2
m
m
V d 39. p n B
Khi lng dung dch HNO
3
ban u :
500.1,2 = 600 (g)
Khi lng HNO
3
trong dung dch u :
20
.600
100
= 120 (g)
nng dung dch HNO
3
mi l :
120
C% .100
300
= 40%
V d 40. p n B.
t s lt nc cn thm l x, ta c : 2.1 = (2 + x).0,1 x = 18 lt hay 18.000ml
V d 41. p n C.
pH = 12 [H
+
] = 10
12
M [OH
] = 10
2
M
OH
n
= 0,1.10
2
= 0,001 (mol) = n
KOH
HCl
H
n n
+

= 0,1.0,012 = 0,0012 (mol)
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
b 0,0012 0,001
p 0,001 0,001 0,001
sau p0,0002 0 0,001
[H
+
] = 0,0002 : 0,2 = 0,001 = 10
3
M pH = 3.
V d 42. p n B.
t x, y l s mol ca HCl v H
2
SO
4
trong 50ml hn hp
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
(mol) x x x
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
(mol) y 2y y
Theo trn v ta c :
58,5x 142y 0,381
x 2y 0,3.0,02
+
;
+

x 0,0036
y 0,0012
Vy :
M(HCl)
0,0036
C
0,05
= 0,072(M)
2 4
M(H SO )
0,0012
C
0,05
= 0,024(M)
pH = lg[H
+
] =
0,006
lg
0,05
= lg0,12 = 0,92
V d 43. p n C.
Phn ng iu ch SO
2
t qung, t x l khi lng qung tnh theo l thuyt :
4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
4.120(g)
8.22,4 (lt)
160
x?
4,48
x =
4.120.4,48
8.22,4
= 12 (gam)
Vy khi lng qung cn thit :
m
qung
=
12.100 100
.
75 80
= 20 (gam)
V d 44. p n B.
2FeCl
3
+ 3Na
2
CO
3
+ 3H
2
O 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3CO
2
+ 6NaCl
(mol) 0,1 0,1
2Fe(OH)
3

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
(mol) 0,1 0,05
Vy m = 160.0,05 = 8 (gam)
V d 45. p n A.
CH
2
= C(CH
3
) COOH + CH
3
OH
xt
CH
2
= C(CH
3
) COOCH
3
+ H
2
O
(gam) 86 32
100
m
axit
m
ru

150
m
axit
=
86.150.100
100.60
= 215 (gam)
m
ru
=
32.150.100
100.60
= 80 (gam)
V d 46. p n D
C
6
H
6
+ HNO
3

xt
C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ H
2
O
(mol)
500
78

500
78
C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ 6H
Fe/ HCl
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ 2H
2
O
(mol)
500
78

500
78
Vy m
anilin
=
500 78 78
.93. .
78 100 100
= 362,7 gam
V d 47. p n C
ROH + Na RONa +
1
2
H
2
(mol) 1 0,5
(mol) 0,05 (cha 2,3g) 0,025
Vy khi lng mol phn t ca ru X l :
2,30
0,05
= 46(g)
V d 48. p n C
t cng thc ca X l K
x
Cl
y
O
z
m
O
=
32.672
22400
= 0,96 (g)
161
m
rn
= 245 0,96 = 1,49 (g) m
Kali
=
1,49.52,35
100
= 0,78 (g)
m
Cl
= 1,49 0,78 = 0,71 (g)
Ta c t l x : y : z =
0,78 0,71 0,96
: :
39 35,5 16
= 1 : 1 : 3
Vy cng thc n gin nht ca X l KClO
3
V d 49. p n C.
Theo
2
2
CO
H O
n 0,1mol
n 0,1mol

X l axit no n chc
t cng thc ca axit l C
n
H
2n
O
2

2
o
O
t
nCO
2
Theo phn ng trn t 1 mol axit n mol CO
2
t 0,05 mol axit cho 0,05 n mol CO
2
0,05n = 0,1 n = 2
Cng thc phn t ca axit l C
2
H
4
O
2
V d 50. p n C
Gi cng thc tng qut ca ru l C
n
H
2n+2a
(OH)
a
, trong n 1, a n.
Phng trnh phn ng t chy :
C
n
H
2n+2a
(OH)
a
+
3n 1 a
2
+
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O
Theo v phng trnh phn ng trn ta c :
3n 1 a
2
+
= 3,5 n =
6 a
3
+
Nghim thch hp l :
n = 3 a = 3 Cng thc phn t l C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
Cng thc cu to l :
2 2
| | |
CH CH CH
OH OH OH

V d 51. p n B.
t a, b l s mol ca CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
trong hn hp
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
(mol) a a
MgCO
3
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Theo v t cc phng trnh phn ng trn, c :
100a 84b 26,8
6,72
a b 0,3
22,4
+
;
+

a = 0,1 ; b = 0,3
Khi lng CaCO
3
= 100.0,1 = 10 (gam), chim
10
26,8
. 100 = 37,31% v
3
MgCO
%m

= 62,69%
V d 52. p n D.
162
Gi x l s mol AgNO
3
in phn :
4AgNO
3
+ 2H
2
O
pdd
4Ag + O
2
+ 4HNO
3
(mol) x x x
HNO
3
+ NaOH NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
(mol) x x x = 0,8.1 = 0,8 (mol)
p dng cng thc Faray m =
1 A
. .I.t
96500 n
ta c :
1 108
108 0,8 . .20.t
96500 1
t = 3860 giy
V d 53. p n C
Theo , khng thy du hiu Ag
2
SO
4
b in phn ht nn khng th da
vo phng trnh phn ng tnh lng Ag sinh ra.
Cng theo cng thc Faray :
Ag
1 108
m . .690.2
96500 1
= 1,544 (gam)
V d 54. p n A
Gi RCl l mui clorua ca kim loi kim R
RCl
pdd
R +
1
2
Cl
2
T trn v : n
R
=
2
Cl
0,896
2n 2
22,4
= 0,08 mol
R =
3,12
0,08
= 39. Vy R l kali, mui l KCl
V d 55. p s C
X
5,6
n 0,25
22,4
(mol)
2
Ca(OH)
n
= 5.0,02 = 0,1 (mol)
3
CaCO
5
n
100
= 0,05 (mol)
Do Ca(OH)
2
d nn ch c phn ng
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O

2 3
CO CaCO
n n
= 0,05 (mol)
Do :
2
N
n
= 0,25 0,05 = 0,20 (mol)
Vy
2
X/ H
0,05.44 0,2.28
d
2.0,25
+
= 15,6
V d 56. p n B
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
Theo trn v , vn dng cng thc PV = nRT, ta c :

n
Fe (p.)
=
2
H
87
.0,36
100
n
0,082.300
= 0,00167
Vy lng st phn ng l : m
Fe
= 0,00167.56 = 0,09352 (gam)
V d 57. p n C
4 2
NH NO
o
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
163
Theo trn v :
2 4 2
N NH NO
32
n n
64
= 0,5 (mol)
Theo phng trnh PV = nRT, ta c :
p sut trong bnh :
0,5.0,082.273
P
5,6
= 2 (atm)
V d 58. p n B
S + O
2
SO
2
n
S
ban u =
6,4
32
= 0,2 (mol)
2
O
n
ban u =
11,2
22,4
= 0,5 (mol)
S chy ht, O
2
cn d :
2 2
O (p) SO S
n n n
= 0,2 (mol)
Sau phn ng, tng s mol kh trong bnh l :
n
kh sau
= 0,2 + (0,5 0,2) = 0,5 (mol)
Do , theo PV = nRT ta c :
o
1,25.11,2
T K
0,5.0,082
= 341,25K
t
o
C = 341,25 273 = 68,25
o
C
V d 59. p n A.
Nng C
M
ca HCOOH c tnh theo cng thc biu th quan h gia nng
% v nng mol l :
M(HCOOH)
C%.10.D 0,46.10.1
C
M 46
= 0,1(M)
pH = 3 [H
+
] = 10
3
M = 0,001M
HCOOH H
+
+ HCOO
(mol in li) 0,001 0,001

Do in li =
0,001
.100 1%
0,1

V d 60. p n B
Phn ng cng brom vo anken :
C
n
H
2n
+ Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
2
2
Br
n
tham gia phn ng =
12,8
160
= 0,08 (mol)
Theo phn ng trn, n
anken
=
2
Br
n
= 0,08 (mol)
V hiu sut phn ng 80% nn n
anken
sinh ra khi kh nc l :
anken
0,08.100
n
80
= 0,1 (mol)
Phn ng kh nc ca ru :
C
n
H
2n+1
OH
2 4
H SO
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O
164
(mol) 0,1 0,1
Khi lng mol phn t ca ru l :
7,4
M
0,1
= 74
T cng thc ca ru trn, ta c :
M = 14n + 18 = 74 n = 4
Cng thc ca ru l C
4
H
9
OH
Kinh nghim hc ho lp 8
y l ton b nhng kinh nghim ca ti v vic n thi mn ha lp 8 !!! Vic n thi ha lp 8 cng
khng c g kh khn v ton b kin thc ch mi l c bn. Chng ta bt u n nh!!!
u tin chng ta i t chng 1 nh. Nhng bi u th rt d ri, nn chng ta s i t bi "Ha Tr"
nh. Vic u tin khi hc bi ny l mt s ngi cho rng phi hc thuc bng ha tr trong SGK hay
tt hn v d nh hn th nn hc trong bng tun hon ha hc mua nh sch. Cn i vi ti th ti
thch i theo cch ring ca mnh hn. Chng ta ch cn nh 1 s ci c bn l: Oxi ha tr II, Hir
ha tr I th t nh thm cc cng thc ha hc c cc nguyn t thi. Ly v d ta c CTHH CaO
thi` tc l Canxi ha tr II v Oxi ha tr II nn t l gia chng l 1:1 nn khng h c ch s di.
Tip theo l phn ng ha hc. Ci ny th cng rt n gin thi, dng bi tp chnh ca ci ny l vit
dy bin ha hoc vit phng trnh phn ng v iu quan trng nht ca bi ny l cc bn phi bit
cch cn bng phng trnh 1 cch nhanh nht m chnh xc nht. Vy th lm sao ta c th cn bng
c nhanh??? C mt s cch do ti t rt ra trong qu trnh hc v t thy ng vi a s cc phng
trnh.Sau y l 2 quy tc ch yu:
1. Cn bng Oxi: i vi cc phng trnh c ring Oxi th ta nn cn bng Oxi trc.
2. Cn bng Hiro: i vi cc phng trnh c ring Oxi th ta nn cn bng Hiro trc.
Cn y m 8 cch vit cc phng trnh do ti t rt ra:
1. Oxyt kim loi + Axit ~~~> Mui + Nc
2. Kim loi + Axit ~~~> Mui + Hir [tr ng(Cu), bc(Ag), thy ngn (Hg)]
3. Axit + Baz ~~~> Mui + Nc
4. Oxit phi kim + Nc ~~~> Axit tng ng ca Oxit phi kim
5. Oxit kim loi + nc ~~~> Baz tng ng ca Axit kim loi
6. Cc mui Cacbonat khi c phn hy nh nhit ~~~> Oxit kim loi tng ng + Oxi
7. Kim loi + Nc ~~~> Baz tng ng + Hir
8.Baz + Oxit phi kim ~~~> Mui + Nc
1. Baz: c to bi 1 kim loi kt hp vi 1 hay nhiu nhm OH (nhm ny ha tr I) v n c
phn thnh 2 loi l: tan c trong nc c gi l kim, loi ko tan. Chng c c l: tn kim loi
+ Hixyt (OH).
VD: NaOH: Natri Hirxyt, Fe(OH)3: St (III) Hirxyt <V St trong trng hp ny ha tr III>
2. Axit: c to bi 1 hay nhiu nguyn t Hir kt hp vi 1 gc Axit v n c phn thnh 2 loi
l Axit c Oxi v Axit ko c Oxi. c c l: Axit + tn phi kim + Hiric\ Axit + tn phi kim + ( cc
trng hp ny c trong SGK trang 127)
3. Mui: c to bi 1 hay nhiu kim loi kt hp vi 1 hay nhiu gc Axit. Phn phn loi v VD cc
bn xem SGK trng 129. V phn ny cng d.
4.Oxit (Oxyt): l hp cht gia 2 nguyn t, trong c 1 nguyn t l Oxi. C 2 loi chnh l: Oxyt
165
Baz gm 1 hay nhiu nguyn t kim loi + Oxi v Oxyt Axit gm 1 hay nhiu nguyn t phi kim +
Oxi. Cch c tn th cc bn xem SGK trang 90. V trong SGK vit cng kh y .
Phn cui l hng dn chung v cch gii cc bi ton Ha hc (chng ch nh vi cc bi ton tha
thiu) do ti t c kt ra. Gm 3 bc sau:
B1: Vit phng trnh ha hc ca bi ton ra v cn bng
B2: Tm s mol ca 1 cht trong phng trnh phn ng v nh cc h s khi cn bng ri tnh ra s mol
ca cht cn tm bng cng thc trang 66 SGK
B3: Kim tra li bi.
V dng ton tha thiu th ta phi lm cc bc sau:
B1: Vn phi vit c ra phng trnh v cn bng
B2: ta vn phi tnh s mol ca tt c cc cht trong phn ng (thng th by gi ch mi cho 2 cht m
thi) ri phn tch phng trnh phn ng th s mol ca cc cht . Th cc cht c s mol nhiu nht
th s l cht d cn cc cht cn li l cc cht ko d.
B3: tnh s mol cht cn d
B4: tnh cht d theo s mol cn d hoc nu bt tnh s mol cht trong phn ng d th ta ly s mol
ca cht c s mol nh nht ri tnh theo s mol .
y l ton b kin thc Ha ca lp 8. Chc cc bn n tp t im cao trong k thi sp ti.
Thn
Ti bt: C g thc mc th lin h vi ti: qua nick chat: ku_bjz_95 hoc email:
ku_bjz_95@hotmail.com .Mnh mong rng cun sch ny s gip cc bn rt nhiu
y.
**********************************
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100 DeCde BDHSG Hoa (Trang 12)

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B dy hc sinh gii

Trong 70 g cht rn sau khi nung cha

60000 = 180000 (cm) (0,5)

Phng trnh phn ng:

Trng hp 2: To c 2 mui CaCO

Rt cc dung dch vo 4 ng nghim tng ng Bc 1 dng qu tm

cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn thu

cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn thu

cht rn duy nht (Cu) < 16,8 g cht rn

IV. Cng thc tnh khi lng :

V. Cng thc tnh khi lng dung dch :

Mui nitrat + NO (khng mu) + H

v d : Tr n 200g dd 4% v i 100g dd 12%.Tnh n ng % dd cu i.

V d : Thm 80ml vo 20ml dd 2M.Tnh c a dd cu i.

V d : Tr n a lt dd H 20M v i b lt dd 4M.Thu dd 0,8 lt dd 10M.Tnh a, b

khng b in phn trong dung dch)

Mui nitrat + NO (khng mu) + H

XIV. Cng thc tnh khi lng :

XV. Cng thc tnh khi lng dung dch :

p = 47, n = 61 s khi = 47 + 61 = 108

Dng quy tc ng cho :

Theo trn v , vn dng cng thc PV = nRT, ta c :

(mol in li) 0,001 0,001

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