hh10 Tu Chon

Trng THPT Trng Long Ty Ton 10
Tun:
LUYN TP V VECT
A. CHUN B
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1. V kin thc
HS bit mi vect u c vect i, bit cch xc nh vect i ca 1 vect cho.
HS hiu c nh ngha hiu ca 2 vect.
Nm vng nh ngha v vect, cc qui tc cng hai vect, tr hai vect, qui tc hnh bnh
hnh.
2. V k nng
Hiu c cch dng vect hiu ca 2 vect.
Vn dng thnh tho quy tc v hiu vect vo cc bi tp c th.
Xc nh cc vect cng phng, cng hng bng nhau.
p dng cc qui tc cng hai vect, tr hai vect, qui tc hnh bnh hnh gii cc bi
ton lin quan.
3. V thi
Nghim tc, tch cc xy dng bi.
II. Phng php
Kt hp cc phng php m thoi, dy hc t vn , din ging.
III. dng dy hc
Gio n, sch gio khoa, sch tham kho (nu c).
B. Tin trnh ln lp
Phn 1: Cng c l thuyt
Quy tc tng, hiu hai vect, quy tc hnh bnh hnh.
L thuyt v hai vect cng phng, cng hng, hai vect bng nhau.
Phn 2: T chc luyn tp
Bi 1: Cho 5 im A, B, C, D v E. Chng minh rng
AE DE CD BC AB + + +
Bi 2: Cho hnh thoi ABCD tm O. Tm cc vect bng nhau, cng phng, cng hng.
Bi 3: Cho 6 im A, B, C, D, E, F. Chng minh rng
CD BF AE CF BE AD + + + +
Bi 4: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c tm O. Chng minh rng:
GV: ng Th Quyn Trang 1
OC OD DB DA
Bi 5: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD tm O. M l im bt k. Chng minh:
AB OA OBv MA MC MB MD + + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuuur uuur uuuur
.
Bi 6: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi M, N l trung im ca AD v BC. Chng minh rng:
a/ 0 AD MB NA + +
uuur uuur uuur r
b/ 0 CD CA CB +
uuur uuur uuur r
Bi 7: Cho tam gic ABC c G l trng tm, cc im M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc
cnh AB, BC, CA. Chng minh 0 GM GN GP + +
uuuur uuur uuur r
.
Bi 8: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c tm O. T cc im A, B, C, D, O hy tm cc vect:
a/ Bng vect , AB OA
uuur uuur
b/ C di bng
OB
uuur
Bi 9: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi E l im i xng vi C qua D. CMR:
AE BD
uuur uuur
Bi 10: Cho lc gic ABCDEF c tm O.
a/ Tm cc vect khc 0
r
v cng phng vi OA
uuur
b/Tm cc vect bng vect , AB OE
uuur uuur
Phn 3: Hng dn HS luyn tp nh
V nh lm cc bi tp cn li v xem li cc l thuyt lin quan.
Tun:
LUYN TP V TCH CA VECT VI MT S
A. CHUN B
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1. V kin thc
Hiu c nh ngha tch mt vect vi mt s.
Bit cc tnh cht ca tch vect vi mt s.
Hiu tnh cht trung im, tnh cht trng tm.
Bit iu kin hai vect cng phng, ba im thng hng.
Bit nh l biu th mt vect theo hai vect khng cng phng.
2. V k nng
Xc nh c vect
b ka
r
r
khi cho trc s thc k v vect a
r
.
Bit din t bng vect v ba im thng hng, trung im ca mt on thng, trng tm
ca tam gic.
S dng c tnh cht trung im ca on thng, trng tm ca tam gic gii mt s
bi ton hnh hc.
3. V thi
Nghim tc, tch cc xy dng bi.
II. Phng php
III. dng dy hc
B. TIN TRNH LN LP
Nhc li nh ngha tch mt vect vi s.
Phn tch vect theo hai vect khng cng phng.
Tnh cht ca trung im, trng tm.
Chia lp theo nhm, mi nhm gm 3 HS. Sau chia bi tp cho cc nhm.
Tit 1
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC. Gi I, J l 2 im xc nh bi
2 IA IB
uur uur
v 3 2 0 JA JC +
uur uuur r
.
a/ Tnh IJ
ur
theo , AB AC
uuur uuur
. p n:
2
2
5
IJ AC AB
uur uuur uuur
b/ Chng minh ng thng IJ i qua trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
p n:
6
IJ
5
IG
ur uur
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G. Cc im M, N tha M, N tha
1
3 4 0
2
MA MB v CN BC +
uuur uuur uuur uuur
. Chng minh rng ng thng MN i qua trng tm G ca tam
gic ABC.
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC, trn BC ly im D sao cho
3
5
BD BC
uuur uuur
, gi E l im tha mn h
thc 10 2 3 0 EA EB EC + +
uuur uuur uuur r
. Chng minh bai im A, D, E thng hng.
p n: Chn E lm gc
1
2
EA ED
uuur uuur
.
Bi 4: Cho tam gic ABC, gi D, I l cc im xc nh bi 3 2 0 DB DC
uuur uuur r
v 3 2 0 IA IB IC +
uur uur uur r
.
Chng minh rng A, I, D thng hng.
Hng dn: Chn h vect gc { }
, ; 2 AB AC AD AI
uuur uuur uuur uur
.
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC, gi M, N l cc im xc nh bi 3 0 MA MC +
uuur uuuur r
v
2 3 0 NA NB NC + +
uuur uuur uuur r
. Chng minh M, N, B thng hng.
Hng dn: Chn h vect gc { }
, BA BC
uuur uuur
;
3
2
BM BN
uuuur uuur
.
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC. Trn BC ly im D sao cho
3
5
BD BC
uuur uuur
. Gi E l im tha
4 2 3 0 EA EB EC + +
uuur uuur uuur r
.
a/ Tnh ED theo EB v EC
uuur uuur uuur
. p s:
2 3
EF
3 5
ED EC +
uuur uur uuur
.
b/ Chng minh ba im A, E, D thng hng.
Hng dn:
5
4
EA ED
uuur uuur
.
* * * * *
Tit 2
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC v im M nm trn cnh BC sao cho MB = 2MC. Chng minh
1 2
3 3
AM AB AC +
uuuur uuur uuur
.
Bi 7: Cho tam gic ABC c AM l trung tuyn, D l trung im ca AM. CMR:
a/ 2 0 DA DB DC + +
uuur uuur uuur r
b/ 2 4 OA OB OC OD + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur
Bi 8: CMR nu G v G ln lt l trng tm ca ABC v A'B'C' th
3 ' AA +BB +CC GG
uuuur uuuur uuur uuur
. T suy ra iu kin 2 tam gic c cng trng tm.
Bi 9: Cho t gic ABCD c G l trng tm. CMR: 3 MA MB MC MG + +
uuur uuur uuuur uuuur
vi M l im bt k.
Bi 10: Cho tam gic ABC. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca BC, CA, AB. CMR:
0 AM BN CP + +
uuuur uuur uuur r
* * * * *
Tit 3
Bi 11: Cho tam gic ABC.
a/ Tm im I sao cho 2 0 IA IB +
uur uur r
b/ Tm im O sao cho 0 OA OB OC + +
uuur uuur uuur r
c/ Tm im K sao cho 2 KA KB CB +
uuur uuur uuur
d/ Tm im M sao cho 2 0 MA MB MC + +
uuur uuur uuuur r
Bi 12: Cho t gic ABCD. Tm im O sao cho 0 OA OB OC OD + + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur r
Bi 13: Cho hai im A, B. Xc nh im M bit: 2 3 0 MA MB
uuur uuur r
Bi 14: Cho hnh vung ABCD, E l trung im CD. Hy phn tch
AE
uuur
theo hai vect , AD AB
uuur uuur
Phn 3: Hng dn lm bi tp nh
V lm cc bi cn li, v xem thm l thuyt.
Tun:
CH : H TRC TA
A. Chun b
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1/ V kin thc
Hiu c khi nim trc to , to ca im, ca vect trn trc.
Bit uc khi nim di i s ca 1 vect trn trc.
Bit h trc to , ta ca 1 vect trn h trc.
2/ V k nng
Xc nh to ca im, vect trn trc.
Tnh c di i s, to ca vect thng qua biu thc vect v ngc li.
3/ V thi
Cn thn, chnh xc.
Tch cc hot ng; rn luyn t duy khi qut, tng t.
II. Phng php
Dng phng php gi m vn p, thuyt trnh.
III. dng dy hc
Gio n, SGK, sch tham kho, phiu hc tp,
B. Tin trnh ln lp
Ta ca vect
AB
uuur
Ta trung im I ca on thng AB.
Ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
Chng minh 3 im A, B, C lp thnh 1 tam gic.
Chng minh 3 im thng hng.
Xc nh D ABCD l hnh bnh hnh khi bit c ta ca A, B, C.
im i xng ca M qua Ox, Oy, gc ta O.
Chia lp thnh nhiu nhm nh, mi nhm c t 2 n 3 thnh vin.
Dng 1: Xc nh ta ca vect v ca im trn mt phng ta Oxy
Bi 1: Cho im ( ) ( ) ( ) 2,1 , 1; 6 , 0;5 A B C
.
a/ Tnh ta ca vect , , AB AC BC
uuur uuur uuur
.
b/ Xc nh ta trung im I ca on thng AB, trung im J ca BC.
c/ Tm ta im G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC.
d/ Xc nh im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Bi 2: Cho ABC, cc im M(1;0); N(2;4) v P(0;1) ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BC;
CA; AB. Tm ta ca cc nh ca tam gic.
Bi 3: Cho ABC, cc im M(1;1); N(2;3) v P(0;4) ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BC;
CA; AB. Tm ta ca cc nh ca tam gic.
Bi 4: Cho ABC, cc im A(-5; 6); B(-4; -1); C(4, 3). Tm ta trung im I ca AC. Tm
ta im D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Bi 5: Cho 3 im A(2; 5); B(1, 1); C(3, 3).
a/ Tm ta im D sao cho 3 2 AD AB AC
uuur uuur uuur
.
b/ Tm ta im E sao cho t gic ABCE l hnh bnh hnh.
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC c A(-1, 1); B(5; -3), C nm trn Oy v trng tm G nm trn Ox. Tm
ta im C.
Dng 2: Tm ta ca cc vect , , u v u v ku +
r r r r r
Bi 1: Cho ( ) ( ) ( ) 2;1 ; 3; 4 ; 7; 2 a b c
r r r
a/ Tm ta ca vect 2 3 u a b c +
r r r r
b/ Tm ta ca vect x a b c +
r r r r
Bi 2: Cho ( ) ( ) ( ) 1;3 ; 4, 5 ; 0, 7 a b c
r r r
.
a/ Tm ta cc vect 4 2 5 u a b c +
r r r r
,
1 1
3 2
v a b c +
r r r r
b/ Tm cc s m, n sao cho a mb nc +
r r r
.
Bi 3: Tm x cc cp vect sau cng phng:
a/ ( ) ( ) 2; 3 v 4; a b x
r r
.
b/ ( ) ( ) 0;5 ; 7 . u v b x
r r
Bi 4: Biu din vect c
r
theo cc vect av b
r r
a/ ( ) ( ) ( ) 2; 9 ; 2; 6 ; 0;3 a b c
r r r
b/ ( ) ( ) ( ) 2; 3 ; 4;5 ; 1;3 a b c
r r r
Bi 5: Cho 4 im ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0;1 ; 2; 3 ; 1; 5 ; 3; 0 A B C D
. Hy biu din vect
AD
uuur
Theo vect , AB AC
uuur uuur
.
Dng 3: Chng minh 3 im thng hng
Bi 1: Cho 3 im A(-1; 1), B(1; 3), C(-2; 0). CMR 3 im A, B, C thng hng.
Bi 2: Cho 3 im M(
4 7
;
3 3
); N(2; 1); P(1; 3). CMR 3 im M, N, P thng hng.
Bi 3: Cho 3 im A(-3; 4); B(1; 1); C(1; 5). Tm x M(-7; x) thuc ng thng AB.
Bi 4: Cho 3 im A(-3; 4); B(1; 1); C(9; -5).
a/ Chng minh rng 3 im A, B, C thng hng.
b/ Tm ta im D sao cho A l trung im ca BD.
c/ Tm ta im E trn trc Ox sao cho A, B, E thng hng.
Bi 5: Cho A(2; 1); B(6; -1). Tm ta :
a/ im M trn trc honh sao cho A, B, M thng hng.
b/ im N trn trc tung sao cho A, B, N thng hng.
c/ im P khc im B sao cho A, B, P thng hng v 2 5 PA
Dng 4: Xc nh im tha mn mt ng thc vect, di
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 0); B(-3; -5); C(0; 3)
a/ Xc nh ta im E sao cho 2 AE BC
uuur uuur
.
b/ Xc nh ta im F sao cho AF = CF = 5.
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC vi A(-1; 3); B(2, 4); C(0; 1). Xc nh ta :
a/ Trng tm ca tam gic ABC.
b/ Vect trung tuyn
AM
uuuur
vi M l trung im ca BC.
c/ im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC vi ( ) ( )
3
4; 6 ; 1; 4 ; 7;
2
A B C
_

,
.
a/ Chng minh tam gic ABC vung.
b/ Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
c/ Tm im M bit: 2 2 CM AB AC
uuuur uuur uuur
.
d/ Tm im N bit: 2 4 0 AN BN CN +
uuur uuur uuur r
.
Tun:
CH : TCH V HNG CA HAI VECT
A. Chun b
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1/ V kin thc
Hiu c nh ngha v cch xc nh gc gia hai vect.
2/ V k nng
Xc nh c gc gia hai vect.
S dng c my tnh tnh gi tr lng gic ca mt gc.
3/ V thi
Cn thn, chnh xc.
II. Phng php
III. dng dy hc
B. Tin trnh ln lp
nh ngha gc gia hai vect.
Cch xc nh.
Hai vect bng nhau, hai vect cng phng, hai vect cng hng.
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC cnh u a, trng tm G.
a. Tnh cc tch v hng . & . AB AC AB BC
uuur uuur uuur uuur
b. Gi I l im tha mn 2 4 0 IA IB IC +
uur uur uur r
. CMR BCIG l hnh bnh hnh. T tnh
( )
, . , . IA AB AC IB IC IA IB +
uur uuur uuur uur uur uur uur
Bi 2: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im ( ) 2; 2 M
, ( ) 4,1 N
a/ Tm trn trc Ox im P cch u 2 im M, N.
b/ Tnh
os c MON
.
Bi 3: Cho hai vect , a b
r
r
. Chng minh rng :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1 1
.
2 2 4
a b a b a b a b a b a b a b + + +
r r r r r r r
r r r r r r r
.
Bi 4 : Cho cc vect , a b
r
r
c
5, 12, 13 a b a b +
r r
r r
. Tnh tch v hng ( )
a a b +
r
r r
v suy ra gc
gia hai vect a b +
r
r
v a
r
.
Bi 5 : Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, AB = a, BC = 2a. Tnh tch v hng . CACB
uuur uuur
.
Bi 6: Tam gic ABC c AB = 5, BC = 7, CA = 8. Tnh . AB AC
uuur uuur
.
Bi 7: Trong mt phng Oxy cho 4 im ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7; 3 , 8; 4 , 1;5 , 0; 2 A B C D
. Chng minh rng t
gic ABCD l hnh vung.
Bi 8: Tam gic ABC c AB = 6, AC = 8, BC = 11.
a/ Tnh . AB AC
uuur uuur
.
b/ Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho AM = 2. Trn cnh AC ly N sao cho AN = 4. Tnh
. AM AN
uuuur uuur
. Cho O l trung im AB, M l mt im ty . Chng minh rng:
2 2
. MAMB OM OA
uuur uuur
Bi 9: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Gi H l trung im ca BC, v D l hnh chiu ca H trn
AC, M l trung im ca HD. Chng minh rng A D M B .
Bi 10: Cho t gic ABCD. Hai ng cho ct nhau ti O. Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc
tam gic ABO, CDO; I v J l trung im ca AD v BC. Chng minh rng IJ HK .
Tun:
Ch : GII TAM GIC
A. Chun b
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1/ V kin thc
Hiu c nh l csin, nh l sin, cng thc v di ng trung tuyn ca
tam gic.
Hiu c mt s cng thc tnh din tch tam gic.
Bit c mt s trng hp gii tam gic.
2/ V k nng
Bit p dng nh l csin, nh l sin, cng thc v di ng trung tuyn
gii mt s bi ton c lin quan n tam gic.
Bit p dng cc cng thc tnh din tch tam gic.
3/ V thi
Cn thn, chnh xc.
II. Phng php
III. dng dy hc
B. Tin trnh ln lp
nh l cosin.
nh l sin.
Cng thc trung tuyn.
Cng thc tnh din tch.
Bi tp 1: Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Cho
3, 4 AB AC
Tnh BC, BH, CH, AH.
Bi tp 2: Tnh
, , , ,
a a
h R r S m
ca ABC bit:

0
/ 60 , 8 , 5 / 21 , 17 , 10 a A b cmc cm b a cmb cmc cm
Bi tp 3: Cho ABC c
5, 6, 7 a b c
a/Tam gic ABC c phi l tam gic t khng?
b/Tnh
ABC
S
c/ Tnh
, , , ,
a b c
h h h R r
Bi tp 4: Cho ABC co
6, 10, 14 AB AC BC
. Tnh;
a/ Gc BAC b/
ABC
S
,R,r
c/ di trung tuyn AM d/ ng cao AH
Bi tp 5: Cho ABCc

0
60 , 8 , 5 A CA cmAB cm. Tnh:

, , , , ,
ABC a
a S B C h R?
Bi tp 6: Cho ABCc
13 , 14 , 15 a cmb cmc cm
. Tnh :

, , , , , ,
b
S A B C R r m
Tun:
Ch : PHNG TRNH NG THNG
A/ CHUN B
I/ Mc tiu bi dy
1. V kin thc
Hiu vect ch phng ca ng thng.
Hiu cch vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng.
Hiu vect php tuyn ca ng thng.
Hiu cch vit phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng v cc dng c bit ca n.
Hiu c iu kin hai ng thng ct nhau, song song, vung gc vi nhau.
2. V k nng
Vit c phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua mt im v c phng cho
trc hoc i qua hai im.
Vit c phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng i qua mt im v c phng cho
trc hoc i qua hai im.
Tnh c ta ca vect php tuyn nu bit ta vect ch phng ca ng
thng v ngc li.
Bit chuyn i gia phng trnh tng qut v phng trnh tham s ca ng
thng.
3. V thi
Rn luyn t duy logic, quy l v quen. Chnh xc trong tnh ton v lp lun.
II/ Phng php
III/ dng dy hc
B. TIN TRNH LN LP
Cch vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng.
Cch vit phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng.
hai ng thng ct nhau, song song, vung gc vi nhau.
Khong cch v gc.
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh cc ng trung trc ca tam gic ABC bit trung im ca cc
cnh l M(-1;-1) , N(1;9),P(9;1)
Bi 2. Cho 3 im A(-6;-3), B(-4;3), C(9;2)
a. Vit phng trnh ng thng d cha ng phn gic trong gc A
b. Tm im P thuc d sao cho ABPC la hnh thang.
Bi 3. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit C(4;-1) .ng cao v ng trung
tuyn h t 1 nh c phng trnh ln lt l: 2x - 3y + 12 = 0 v 2x+3y = 0
Bi 4. Cho im A(-1;3) B(1;1) v d: y = 2x
a. Tm C thuc d tam gic ABC cn.
b. Tm C thuc d tam gic ABC u.
Bi 5. Cho M(3;0) v d1: 2x-y-2=0 d2: x+y+3=0
Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M v ct d1 ti A, d2 ti B : MA = MB
Bi 6. Cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC, gc A vung bit M(1;-1) l trung im ca BC, G(2/3;0)
l trng tm tam gic ABC . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic.
Bi 7. Lp phng trnh ng thng cc cnh ca hnh vung c nh A(-4;5) v 1 ng cho
c phng trnh 7x y + 8 = 0 .
Bi 8. Cho tam gic ABC c M(-2;2) l trung im BC. Phng trnh cnh AB l x - 2y 2 = 0
v AC: 2x + 5y + 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic.
Bi 9. Cho tam gic ABC c A(-1;-3) ng trung trc ca cnh AB l 3x + 2y 4 = 0 G(4;-2)
l trng tm ca tam gic ABC.Tm ta nh B,C.
Bi 10. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic MNP bit N(2;-1), ng cao h t M l
3x - 4y + 27 = 0 ng phn gic trong gc P l x + 2y 5 = 0.
Bi 11. Cho ( ) ( ) ( ) 2; 2 , 1, 6 , 5, 3 A B C
a/ Vit phng trnh cc ng thng AB, BC, CA.
b/ Vit phng tnh trung tuyn AM. c/ Tm ta im A i xng vi A qua BC.
Bi 12. Cho tam gic ABC c trng tm ( ) 2; 1 G
, cnh AB nm trn ng thng
4x 15 0 y + +
, cnh AC nm trn ng thng
2x 5 3 0 y + +
.
a/ Tm ta A v trung im M ca BC. b/ Tm ta B v vit phng trnh BC.
Bi 13. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit C(4; -1), ng cao v ng trung
trc k t mt nh c phng trnh tng ng l 2x 3y + 12 = 0, 2x + 3y = 0.
Bi 14. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua C( 4; -3) ct Ox, Oy ti 2 im A, B sao cho tam gic
OAB cn.
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua I(3, -5) v ct Ox, Oy ti P, Q sao cho I l trung im
PQ.
Bi 16. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua J(4, -4) v to vi 2 trc ta mt tam gic c din
tch l 4 (vdt).
Bi 17. Vit phng trnh ng thng c h s gc l -3/4 v to vi hai trc ta mt tam
gic c din tch l 24.
Bi 18. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua A(4, 1) v to vi hai na trc dng Ox, Oy ti hai
im M, N sao cho:
a/ OM + ON nh nht b/ Din tch tam gic OMN nh nht c/
2 2
1 1
OM ON
+
nh nht
Bi 19. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im A(1, 0), B(5, 2) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh:
2x y +1 = 0
a/ Xc nh giao im ca (d) vi ng thng i qua hai im A, B.
b/ Tm im C trn ng thng (d) sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti C.
Bi 20. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d)
a/ Qua N(1, -1) v to vi trc honh mt gc 60
0
b/ Qua I(1, -1) v to vi ng thng (d): 3x y + 2 = 0 mt gc 45
0
c/ i qua im B(1, 2) v to vi hng dng ca trc Ox mt gc 30
0
.
d/ i qua C(3, 4) v to vi trc Ox mt gc 45
0
.
e/ i qua im A(2, 1) v to vi (d) : 2x + 3y +4 = 0 mt gc 30
0
.
Bi 21. Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau y, nu ct nhau th tm ta giao
im.
a/ 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 v 4x + 5y 6 = 0. b/ 4x y + 1 = 0 v -8x + 2y +1 = 0
c/
5
3 2
x t
t
+
'
+
v
4 2 '
7 3 '
x t
y t
+
'
+
d/
1
2 2
x t
y t

'
+
v
2 3 '
4 6 '
x t
y t
+
'

Bi 22. Tnh gc to bi hai ng thng:

a/
3 3
2 4 0,
1
x t
x y
y t
+
+ +
'
+
b/
1 2
2 1 3 '
: :
3 3 6 '
x t x t
d d
y t y t
+
' '
+

Bi 23. Tnh khong cch t M(4, -5) n cc ng thng sau y:
/ 3x 4 8 0 a y +
2
/
2 3
x t
b
y t

'
+
Bi 24. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng

2 4
3x 4 50
1 3
x t
y v
y t

+
'
+
Bi 25. Lp phng trnh ng phn gic ca gc gia hai ng thng :

1 2
/ : 2x 4 7 0 : 2 3 0 a d y v d x y + +

1 2
/ : x 4 1 0 : 1 0 b d y v d x y + +
Bi 26. Tnh phng trnh tp hp cc im cch u hai ng thng:
1 2
: 5x 3 3 0 : 5x 3 7 0 d y d y + + +
Tun:
Ch : PHNG TRNH NG TRN
A. CHUN B
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1. V kin thc
Cng c khi nim ng trn, tip tuyn ca ng trn.
Nm vng cc dng phng trnh ng trn, iu kin c phng trnh ng
trn, phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti 1 im trn ng trn.
2. V k nng
Vit c phng trnh n trn, c (tnh) c tm v bn knh ca mt
ng trn.
Vit c phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti 1 im trn ng trn
3. V thi
Rn luyn t duy logic, quy l v quen. Chnh xc trong tnh ton v lp lun.
II. Phng php
III. dng dy hc
B. TIN TRNH LN LP
Phng trnh ng trn.
Nhn dng phng trnh ng trn.
Tip tuyn ca ng trn.
Bi 1. Tm tm v bn knh ca cc ng trn sau:
2 2 2 2
2 2
. 2x 2 2 0 .16 16 16x 8 11
.7x 7 4x 6 1 0
a x y y b x y y
c y y
+ + +
+ +
Bi 2. Vit phng trnh ng trn ng knh AB vi:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a. 1,1 , 5, 2 . 1, 2 , 2,1 . 1, 3 , 5,1 A B b A B c A B
Bi 3. Lp phng trnh ng trn qua 3 im:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a. 1,1 , 5, 2 , 0, 8 . 1, 2 , 2,1 , 3, 4 . 1, 3 , 5,1 , 2, 7 A B C b A B C c A B C
Bi 4. Lp phng trnh ng trn bit:
a. Tm I(2, 2), bn knh R = 3.
b. Tm I(1, 2) v i qua im A(3, 1)
c. Tm I(-2, 5) v tip xc vi (d): 3x + 4y -16 = 0.
d. Tm I thuc ng thng (d) : x + y 1 = 0 v qua A(-2, 1) , B(4, 2).
e. i qua M(-1, 3), N(2, 1) v c tm nm trn ng phn gic ca gc phn t th nht.
Bi 5. Lp phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi cc trc ta bit:
a. Qua A(2, 4) b. C tm nm trn ng thng 3x 5y 8 = 0
Bi 6. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua hai im A(1, 2) v B(3, 4) ng thi tip xc vi
ng thng (d): 3x + y 3 = 0.
Bi 7. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C):
2 2
2x 2 2 0 x y y + qua ng
thng x = 2.
Bi 8. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho h ng cong
m
(C )
c phng trnh:

( )
2 2 2
1
x y 2mx 2 m 2 y 2m 4m 0
2
+ - + + + + - =
Chng minh rng
m
(C )
lun l mt ng trn c bn knh khng i; Tm tp hp tm cc
ng trn
m
(C )
suy ra rng
m
(C )
lun lun tip xc vi hai ng thng c nh.
p s:
( ) ( )
1 2
1) (d) : x y 2 0,
: x y 5 0, : x y 1 0
+ + =
D + + = D + - =
Bi 9. Trong mt phng Oxy, lp phng trnh ng thng
( ) D
i qua gc ta O v ct
ng trn ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
C : x 1 y 3 25 - + + = theo mt dy cung c di bng 8.
p s:
y 0;3x 4y 0 = - =
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng trn:
( )
2 2
C : x y 2x 4y 4 0 + - + - =
c tm I v im
M( 1; 3) - -
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im M v ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A
v B sao cho tam gic IAB c din tch ln nht.
p s:
x y 4 0;7x y 10 0 + + = + + =
Bi 11. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng thng
( ) d : x y 3 0 - + =
v ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 2x 2y 1 0 + - - + =
. Tm ta im M nm trn (d) sao cho ng trn tm M c
bn knh gp i bn knh ng trn (C), tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
p s:
1 2
M (1;4),M ( 2;4) -
Bi 12. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng trn:
( )
2 2
C : x y 1 + =
. ng trn (C') tm I(2;2) ct
(C) ti cc im A, B sao cho di on thng AB 2 = . Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
p s:
x y 1 0; x y 1 0 + + = + - =
Bi 13. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 2x 4y 20 0 + + - - =
v im
A(0;3)
.
Vit phng trnh ng thng
( ) D
i qua im A v ct ng trn (C) theo mt dy cung MN
c di: a) Ln nht b) Nh nht
p s:
2x y 6 0 - - =
Bi 14. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho im
M( 3;1) -
v ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 2x 6y 6 0 + - - + =
.
Gi
1 2
T ,T
l cc tip im ca cc tip tuyn k t M n (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng
1 1
T T
.
p s:
2x y 3 0 + - =
Bi 15. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng thng
( ) d : x y 1 0 - + =
v ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 2x 4y 0 + + - =
. Tm ta im M thuc ng thng (d) sao cho t k n (C)
c hai tip tuyn to vi nhau mt gc bng
0
60 .
p s:
21 3 21 21 3 21
M(3;4),M'( 3; 2),N( ; ),N'( ; )
3 2 3 3
- +
- - -
Bi 16. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho im
A(3;4)
v ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 4x 2y 0 + - - =
. Vit
phng trnh tip tuyn
( ) D
ca (C), bit rng
( ) D
i qua im A. Gi s cc tip tuyn tip xc
vi (C) ti M, N. Hy tnh di on MN.
p s: 2x y 10 0;x 2y 5 0,MN 10 + - = - + = =
Bi 17. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng hai ng trn:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
C : x y 2x 2y 2 0, C : x y 8x 2y 16 0 + - - - = + - - + =
. Chng minh rng
( )
1
C
tip
xc vi
( )
2
C
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca
( )
1
C
v
( )
2
C
.
p s: x 3 0;x 2 2y 7 2 2 0;x 2 2y 7 2 2 0 - = + - - = - - + =

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hh10 Tu Chon

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Trng THPT Trng Long Ty Ton 10

Bi 22. Tnh gc to bi hai ng thng:

Bi 24. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng

Bi 25. Lp phng trnh ng phn gic ca gc gia hai ng thng :

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