Cu 2: Lm r bc pht trin trong nhn thc ca ng v vn lc lng cch (mng trong u tranh ginh chnh quyn 1930 1939):

): I t vn : Thi k 1930 1939 l qu trnh pht trin nhn thc v l lun, ng li cch mng ca ng mt nc thuc a,na phong kin v cng l qua trnh ng chun b lc lng, nm bt thi c chun b khi ngha. Th hin bc pht trin nhn thc ca ng v vn lc lng cch mng, u tranh chng cc biu hin c c, hp hi, bo th; "t", hu khuynh... trong vic vn ng tp hp v t chc qun chng on kt xung quanh ng.

1. Cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng:

Hi ngh thnh lp ng: Ti Hi ngh hp nht cc t chc cng sn thnh lp mt chnh ng duy nht ca Vit Nam - ng Cng sn Vit Nam ti Cu Long Hng Cng (Trung Quc) c tin hnh trong thi gian t ngy 6-1-1930 n ngy 7-2-1930 (sau ny ti i hi i biu ton quc ln th III ca ng ngy 10-9-1960 quyt ngh t nay tr i s ly ngy 3 thng 2 dng lch mi nm lm ngy k nim thnh lp ng) Thnh phn d Hi ngh gm 2 i biu ca ng Dng cng sn ng (Trnh nh Cu v Nguyn c Cnh), 2 i biu ca An Nam cng sn ng (Chu Vn Lim v Nguyn Thiu), di s ch tr ca Nguyn i Quc-i din ca Quc t Cng sn. i din ca ng Dng Cng sn lin on khng n kp, do vy n ngy 24-2-1930 xin gia nhp ng Cng sn Vit Nam. - Ni dung Hi ngh: Thng qua cc vn kin do lnh t Nguyn i Quc son tho. l Chnh cng vn tt ca ng, Sch lc vn tt ca ng, Chng

trnh tm tt, iu l vn tt ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam . Ly tn ng Cng sn Vit Nam. Sau ny Chnh cng vn tt ca ng, Sch lc vn tt ca ng c xem l Cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam. Trong , phn nh nhng ni dung c bn nht ca s nghip gii phng dn tc, gii phng x hi v gii phng con ngi trn t nc Vit Nam. - Hi ngh ln k hoch hp nht v c ra trung ng lm thi, thng qua cng lnh chnh tri u tin ca ng. ngha: hi ngh mang tm vc ca mt i hi, thnh qu ln lao ca hi ngh l: thng nht c cc t chc cng sn; thng qua c ng li chung. Cng lnh chnh tr u tin: Khng nh phnghng chin lc ca cch mng Vit Nam. l: "ch trng lm t sn dn quyn cch mng v th a cch mng i ti x hi cng sn".(Sau ny gi l cch mng dn tc dn ch v cch mng x hi ch ngha). Tnh cht giai on v l lun cch mng khng ngng c th hin trong Cng lnh u tin ca ng: cch mng t sn dn quyn l thi k d b tin ln cch mng x hi ch ngha. y l con ng cu nc mi, khc vi nhng ch trng, nhng con ng cu nc ca nhng nh yu nc ng thi i vo b tc v tht bi. Nh vy, ngay t u ng ta tip thu v vn dng sng to l lun MCLNIN vo hon cnh c th ca t nc. ng li c bn ca cch mng Vit Nam c phn nh trong Cng lnh thc hin c t tng c lp dn tc gn lin vi ch nghi x hi.

Vic xc nh ng n phng hng, con ng ca cch mng Vit Nam ngay t u c ngha ht sc quan trng. l ngn c tp hp lc lng cch mng, l c s gii quyt ng n cc vn c bn ca cch mng vit Nam. - Lc lng cch mng: V lc lng ca cch mng Vit Nam, phi on kt cng nhn, nng dny l lc lng c bn trong giai cp cng nhn lnh o Cng lnh xc nh i vi tng giai cp: + Cng nhn: ng phi vn ng v thu phc c ng o cng nhn lm cho giai cp cng nhn lnh o c dn chng. + Nng dn:ng phi thu phc c ng o nng dn, da vng vo nng dn ngho lnh o h lm cch mng rung t. + ng phi li ko c tiu t sn, tr thc, trung nng, Thanh nin, Tn Vit, v.v. i vo phe v sn giai cp. Cn i vi bn ph nng, trung, tiu a ch v t sn An Nam m cha r mt phn cch mng th phi li dng, t lu mi lm cho h ng trung lp. B phn no ra mt phn cch mng th phi nh , trong khi lin lc vi cc giai cp th phi thn trng khng c tha hip. y l t tng tp hp lc lng cch mng trn c s nh gi thi cc giai cp ph hp vi c im x hi Vit Nam. Cng lnh ch ra V sn v nng dn l lc lng chnh, trong v sn lnh o cch mng. B qua, ph nhn vai tr ca t sn, tiu t sn, a ch v ph nng. Vic tp hp lc lng rng ri cng nh xc nh c ng lc ch yu, c bn ca s nghip cch mng phn nh s mm do v linh hot trong chin lc i on kt dn tc ca ng ta.

Nh vy, ngoi cng nhn v nng dn l hai lc lng chnh ca cch mng, Cng lnh ch trng phi tranh th cc lc lng khc: t sn dn tc, tiu t sn, trung tiu a ch cc loi. iu hon ton ph hp vi thc t ca lch s Vit Nam. V cc giai cp khc ngoi cng nhn v nng dn, c mt s b phn khc cng c tinh thn yu nc, nh: T sn dn tc, tiu t sn, a ch yu nc, v th, cn phi tranh th ko h v phe cch mng. cng l vn th hin s u tin hn cho nhim v gii phng dn tc ca Cng lnh, iu hon ton hp l v ng n

2. Lun cng chnh tr thng 10 1930:

Thng 4 1930, sau thi gian hc tp Lin X, Trn Ph c Quc t Cng sn c v nc hot ng. Thng 7 1930, Trn Ph c b sung vo ban chp hnh Trung ng ng. T ngy 14 n 30 10 1930, Hi ngh ban chp hnh trung ng hp ln th nht ti Hng Cng (Trung Quc) do Trn ph ch tr. Hi ngh thng qua ngh quyt v tnh hnh nhim v cn kp ca ng; tho lun Lun cng chnh tr ca ng, iu l ng v iu l cc t chc qun chng. Thc hin ch th ca Quc t cng sn, Hi ngh quyt nh i tn ng Cng sn Vit Nam thnh ng Cng sn ng Dng. Hi ngh c ban chp hnh Trung ng chnh thc v c Trn Ph ln tng b th. - Lc lng cch mng: Lun cng ch r: + giai cp v sn va l ng lc chnh ca cch mng t sn dn quyn, va l giai cp lnh o cch mng. Dn cy l lc lng ng o nht v l ng lc mnh ca cch mng.

+T sn thng nghip th ng v phe quc v a ch chng li cch mng, cn t sn cng nghip th ng v pha quc gia ci lng v khi cch mng pht trin cao th h s theo quc. + Trong giai cp tiu t sn, b phn th cng nghip th c thi do d; tiu t sn thng gia th khng tn thnh cch mng; tiu t sn tr thc th c xu hng quc gia ch ngha( xu hng quc gia ch ngha l xu hng g?)v ch c th hng hi tham gia chng quc trong thi k u. + Ch c cc phn t lao kh th nh nhng ngi bn hng rong, th th cng nh, tr thc tht nghip mi i theo cch mng m thi. Nh vy lun cng nh gi khng ng v vai tr cch mng ca giai cp tiu t sn, mt yu nc ca t sn dn tc v mt b phn ca giai cp a ch cho nn khng ra lin minh giai cp rng ri trong cuc u tranh chng quc, tay sai. => Lc lng cch mng gim Nhc im: Trong khi cao vai tr ca cng nhn v nhn dn th cha nu cao kh nng phn ha ca t sn, tiu t sn,

3. Ch th thnh lp hi phn ng minh ng Dng (18/11/1930):

- ng phn tch r tnh bit phi (bit phi l g?)ca phong tro, thiu 1 t chc tht qung i qun chng li cun cc tng lp tr thc dn tc, t sn dn tc, a ch c t tng chn ght quc Php, mong mun quc gia c lp. l nhn thc mi, cch nhn mi, nh gi ng cc tng lp, giai cp trong dn tc ca ng. Ch c nh vy mi tp hp c lc lng ca c dn tc.

- Cch mng t sn dn quyn ng Dng m khng on kt c ton dn tht rng, tht kn th cuc cch mng cng kh thnh cng i qun chnh tr qun chng c tnh quyt nh l giai cp cng nng, nhng mun nh k th ln mnh, t ti thng li nhanh nht v gim bt tn tht cho cch mng, i qun chnh tr y khng th ch c cng nng, m phi bao gm ht thy cc giai cp v cc tng lp c kh nng chng quc v phong kin.

4. Hi ngh trung ng thng 7- 1936

- Mc tiu chin lc vn l chng quc v phong kin, ginh c lp cho dn tc v rung t cho dn cy, song mc tiu trc mt vn l u tranh chng ch phn ng thuc a, chng pht xt v chin tranh, i t do dn ch, cm o v ha bnh. - T a ra ch trng tp hp ng o, bao gm cc giai cp, ng phi, dn tc, on th chnh tr, x hi v tn gio khc nhau, vi nng ct l lin minh cng nng, cng nhau u tranh i nhng iu dn ch n s. - Hnh thc tp hp lc lng: Quyt nh thnh lp Mt trn thng nht nhn dn phn . n nm 1938, Mt trn ny i tn thnh Mt trn dn ch ng Dng. Nh vy, hi ngh gii quyt ng n mi quan h gia mc tiu chin lc v mc tiu c th trc mt ca cch mng, cc mi quan h lin minh cng nng v mt chn on kt dn tc rng ri, gia vn dn tc v vn giai cp, gia phong tro cch mng ng Dng v phong tro cch mng Php v trn th gii.

5. Chung quanh vn chin sch mi

- Da trn vic nhn thc rng, nhim v trc mt cha phi l nh nn thng tr ca thc dn php ng Dng, m ch chng ch

thuc a d man v cuc u tranh i quyn dn ch n s c ngha cch mng khng phi l hnh ng ci lng, chin sch mi ch trng tp hp trong hng ng cch mng khng ch c cng nng, m c cc ng phi, cc tng lp nhn dn khc. - Hnh thc tp hp cch mng l Mt trn nhn dn phn . Nh vy chin sch mi t coi nhim v cch mng hng u l chng phong kin sang chng quc, t coi giai cp t sn l phn cch mng sang tp hp h trong hng ng cch mng.

6. Hi ngh TW6nm 1939

- Hi ngh Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng ngy 6 - 8 /11/1939 (ti B im - Hc Mn - Gia nh, do ng ch Nguyn Vn C - Tng b th ca ng ch tr). + V hnh thc mt trn dn tc thng nht: Tp hp mi lc lng yu nc ng Dng thnh lp mt mt trn chung ly tn l "Mt trn dn tc thng nht phn ng Dng thay cho "Mt trn dn ch ng Dng". Khu hiu "Lp chnh quyn X Vit cng, nng, binh" c thay th bng khu hiu "Lp chnh quyn dn ch cng ho". Cc on th qun chng ca mt trn ly tn l Hi phn . III. So snh cng lnh chnh tr thng 2 1930 v lun cng chnh tr thng 10 v lc lng cch mng: Ging nhau: V lc lng cch mng, ch yu l cng nhn v nng dn. y l hai lc lng nng ct v c bn ng o trong x hi gp phn to ln vo cng cuc gii phng dn tc nc ta.

 Khc nhau: + Trong CLCT thng 2 xc nh lc lng cch mng l giai cp cng nhn v nng dn nhng bn cnh cng phi lin minh on kt vi TTS, li dng hoc trung lp Ph nng trung tiu a ch, TSDT cha ra mt phn cch mng. Nh vy ngoi vic xc nh lc lng nng ct ca cch mng l giai cp cng nhn th cng lnh cng pht huy c sc mnh ca c khi on kt dn tc, hng vo nhim v hng u l gii phng dn tc. + Cn trong lun cng thng 10 th xc nh ng lc ca CM l CN&ND, cha pht huy c khi on kt dn tc, pht huy sc mnh ca TS, TTS, trung tiu a ch. Kt lun: T nm 1930 1935, do ng nh gi khng ng mc vai tr cch mng ca tng lp tiu t sn, ph nhn mt tch cc ca t sn dn tc v cha thy c kh nng phn ha, li ko mt phn a ch va v nh trong cch mng gii phng dn tc. Nguyn nhn do ng cha tm ra v nm vng nhng c im ca x hi thuc a na phong kin Vit Nam, v do nhn thc gio iu, my mc v vn dn tc v giai cp trong cch mng thuc a v li chu nh hng trc tip khuynh hng t ca Quc t cng sn v mt s ng cng sn trong thi gian .Chnh v vy, hi ngh Ban chp hnh Trung ng thng 10/1930 khng chp nhn nhng quan im mi, sng to, c lp t ch ca Nguyn i Quc c nu trong ng kch mnh, Cng lnh u tin. T ng khng ra c mt chin lc lin minh dn tc v giai cp rng ri trong cuc u tranh chng quc xm lc v tay sai. T nm 1936 1939, ch trng mi ca ng gii quyt ng n quan h gia mc tiu chin lc v mc tiu c th ca cch mng, gia vn dn tc

v giai cp, v lien minh giai cp v tp hp lc lng , nh u bc trng thnh ca ng v chnh tr v t tng.

Ti liu tham kho H Ch Minh ton tp, tp 10, NxbCTQG, HN, 2000 Vn kin ng ton tp, tp 2, Nxb CTQG, HN, 2002 - Tn c Thng (1977), V mt trn dn tc thng nht, Nxb S tht, H Ni. - Nguyn Cng Bnh (1963), Mt trn dn tc thng nht trong cch mng Vit Nam, Nxb Khoa hc, H Ni. - L Dun (1976), Giai cp cng nhn Vit Nam v lin minh cng nng. Nxb S tht, H Ni. - L Dun (1965), Giai cp v sn vi vn nng dn trong cch mng Vit Nam, Nxb S tht, H Ni. - L Mu Hn (2003), Sc mnh dn tc ca cch mng Vit Nam di nh sng t tng H Ch Minh, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni. - Nguyn B Linh (1997), Cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng ngn c c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi, Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni. - Vn To (1959), Tm hiu qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca MTDTTN Vit Nam, Tp ch Nghin cu lch s, s 1. - ng Xun K (1996): Phng php cch mng H Ch Minh Tp hp, huy ng lc lng ton dn tham gia vo s nghip cch mng, Tp ch Lch s ng s 7. - Quang Hng (1991), Nguyn Vn Khnh, Nhn thc v thc tin ca vn xy dng Mt trn dn tc thng nht, Tp ch Nghin cu lch s, s 2.