Trung tam GDTX Bnh Tan

CNG THC CN NH HA HU C
I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %) 1. Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht: 12 2 mC = .mCO2 = 12.nCO2 ( g ) mH = .mH 2 O = 2.nH 2 O ( g ) 44 18 14 V mN = .mNO2 = 14.nNO2 ( g ) mN = N 2 .28 = 28.nN 2 ( g ) 46 22,4 mO = mA (mC + mH + mN ) 2. Xc nh % khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht: m m %C = C .100% % H = H .100% mA mA m % N = N .100% %O = 100% (%C + % H + % N ) mA II. XC NH KHI LNG PHN T CA CHT HU C (MA) 1. Trng hp cho t khi hi: M M d A / B = A M A = M B .d A / B d A / kk = A M A = 29.d A / kk MB M kk 2. Trng hp cho th tch phn t gam: V (lt ) m nA = A MA = A 22,4 nA * Ch : Theo nh lut Avgadr: Hai cht khc nhau cng iu kin nhit v p sut, chim cng th tch chng phi c cng s mol. m m m n A = nB A = B M A = A .M B MA MB mB III. XC NH CNG THC PHN T (CxHyOzNt) 1. Da vo cng thc GN m xc nh m m m m %C % H %O % N x: y : z :t = C : H : O : N x: y : z :t = : : : 12 1 16 14 12 1 16 14 2. Da vo thnh phn nguyn t m xc nh M A 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = mA mC mH mO mN MA 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = 100% %C % H %O % N

3. Da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy o 4x + y 2z y t C x H y Oz N t + O2 t xCO2 + H 2O + N 2 4 2 2

1 = nA 4x + y 2z y t x 4 2 = 2 = = nO2 pu nCO 2 nH 2 O nN 2

-Nu bi cho y cc t l trn ta xc nh c c th cc gi tr ca x, y, z, t Xc nh cng thc phn t -Nu bi cho thiu mt trong cc t l trn ta ch xc nh c t l ca x:y:z:t Ch xc nh c cng thc GN.

HOA HOC

Trung tam GDTX Bnh Tan

IV.NHN BIT CC CHT HU C

Cht

Thuc th
Cl2/s

Hin tng
Sn phm sau P lm hng giy qu m Mt mu mt mu Sp cho p trng gng Mt mu Mt mu mt mu kt ta mu vng nht kt ta mu Mt mu

Phn ng

Ankan

as CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl

Anken

dd Br2 dd KMnO4 Kh Oxi

CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

PdCl2 ,CuCl 2 2CH2 = CH2 + O2 CH3CHO

Ankaien

dd Br2 dd Br2 dd KMnO4 AgNO3/NH3 (c ni 3 u mch) dd CuCl trong NH3

Ankin

CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 3CH CH+8KMnO4 3HOOC COOH + 8MnO4 +8KOH HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3 R C + [Ag(NH3)2]OH R C C H C Ag + H2O + 2NH3 CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
CH3
2 + 2KMnO4 0

Toluen

dd KMnO4, t0

COOK
HO 80-100 C

+ 2MnO2 + KOH + H2 O CHOH = CH2 OH + 2MnO2 + 2H2 O

Stiren Ancol Ancol bc I Ancol bc II Ancol a chc

CH = CH2

dd KMnO4 Na, K CuO (en) t0

Mt mu khng mu Cu (), Sp cho p trng gng Cu (), Sp khng p trng gng dung dch mu xanh lam To kt ta trng 2R OH

+ 2KMnO4 + 4H2 O

+ 2Na
0

2R ONa

+ H2

t R CH2 OH + CuO R CH = O + Cu + H2O R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

CuO (en) t0

t R CH2OH R + CuO R CO R + Cu + H2O

CH2 OH CH2 OH

HO CH 2 HO CH 2

CH2 OH HO CH 2
]

Cu(OH)2

CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O CH2 OH HO CH 2

^

NH2 + 3Br2

NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr

Anilin

nc Brom

(ke tu trag) t a n

AgNO3 trong NH3

Ag trng

R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

Anehit

Cu(OH)2 t0 gch RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O 0 NaOH, t dd Brom Mt mu RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no HOA HOC

Trung tam GDTX Bnh Tan

Cht
Axit cacboxylic

Thuc th
Qu tm CO2 3

Hin tng
Ha CO2 Ha xanh Ha Khng i

Phn ng
2R COOH + Na2CO3 2R COONa + CO2 + H2O S nhm NH2 > s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 = s nhm COOH 2H2N COOH + Na2CO3 2H2N COONa + CO2 + H2O R R 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH
t CH2OH (CHOH)4 COONa + Cu2O + 3H2O
0

Aminoaxit
CO2 3

CO2 Ha xanh dd xanh lam gch Ag trng Mt mu sn phm tham gia p trng gng Vn c dd xanh lam dd xanh lam Ag trng

Amin

Qu tm Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 NaOH, t0 AgNO3 / NH3 dd Br2

Glucoz

CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH CH2OH (CHOH)4 COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + Br2 CH2OH (CHOH)4 COOH+2HBr C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucoz Fructoz C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O

Thu phn

Saccaroz C12H22O11

Vi sa Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2

C12H22O11

Ca(OH)2

C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O

Mantoz C12H22O11

AgNO3 / NH3 Thu phn

Tinh bt (C6H10O5)n

Thu phn

ddch iot

sn phm tham gia C12H22O11 + H2O 2C6H12O6 (Glucoz) p trng gng sn phm tham gia (C6H10O11)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 (Glucoz) p trng gng To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin

HOA HOC