Cu1) Khi nim v cm bin? Phn loi cm bin?

cc vn khi thit k v s dng cm bin Tr li: *Khi nim cm bin: Cm bin l thit b dng cm nhn bin i cc i lng vt l v cc i lng khng c tnh cht in cn o thnh cc i lng in c th o v x l c * Phn loi : + phn lai theo p ng v kch thch + phn loi cm bin theo dng kch thch + phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic: cm bin tch cc v cm bin th ng *cc vn khi thit k v s dng cm bin -Cc i lng nh hng ti cm bin: Nhit m p sut, gia tc, rung T trng -Sai s ca php o: sai s h thng v sai s ngu nhin - nhy ca cm bin - nhanh, thi gian hi p -Gii hn s dng

Cu 2:Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l g? Ngun sng ca cm bin quang trong thc t l loi g?
Tr li: - Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l: + trong vt cht cc in t bao quanh ht nhn nh mt lc lin kt vi ht nhn We, lc ny mnh vi cc in t lp trong v yu vi in t lp ngoi, do cc lp in t lp ngoi d tch khi nguyn t. khi nh sng chiu ln vt cht nu nng lng ca photo ln cp cho in t thng lc lin kt th cc i lng trong vt cht s c gii phng tr thnh in t t do. + in tch c gii phng do cht sng ph thuc vo bn cht ca vt b chiu sng. Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l ny.

- ngun sng ca cm bin quang trong thc t hu ht u dung nh sng hng ngoi.

Cu 3:Ngi ta phn loi cm bin quang da trn nguyn tc no? c im ca mi loi? Loi no c khong cch pht hin xa nht?
Tr li : - Ngi ta phn loi cm bin da trn nguyn tc: phn loi theo ngun sng gia phn pht v phn thu: + thu tch bit + thu pht mt pha s dng gng phn x + thu pht mt pha s dng phn x khuch tn - c im mi loi : + thu pht c lp: b pht v thu nm cc thit b c lp vi nhau to ra nh sng b thu c cng ln nht, phn bit sng ti cao, pht hin c vt th khng ph thuc vo mu sc v b mt vt th. + cm bin phn x gng: khong cch pht hin ln, kh nng phn bit sng ti cao, c th phn bit c vt trong sut, gia r hn cm bin thu pht c lp, tin cy cao. +cm bin loi phn x khuch tn: ch pht hin trong vng gii hn, l tng cho nhiu ng dng cn trit tiu nn. - loi c khong cch pht hin xa nht l cm bin thu pht c lp.

Cu 4:Nu k hiu ca cm bin quang? Nu r ngha ca cc k hiu ?

Tr li: - k hiu v ngha ca cm bin quang: + nng lng bc x: Q l nng lng phn x lan truyn hoc bc x di dng bc x n v J hoc lm.s +thng lng nh sng : l cng sut pht x lan truyn hoc hp th. n v W hoc lm. + cng nh sng : I l lung nng lng pht theo mt hng di mt n v gc khi. n v W/s hoc Cd.

+ chi L: l t s gia cng d nh sng phn x bi 1 b mt theo mt hng xc nh v din tch ca phn t ny trn mt phng vung gc vi hng . n v W/m2 hoc lm/m2

Cu 5:Trn thn cm bin c ghi: Dark on , Light on. iu ngha l g?

Tr li: - dark on : khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu off khng c vt cho tn hiu on - light-on : khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu on , khng c vt s cho tn hiu off.

Cu 6 :Khi mc song song nhiu cm bin quang thu pht tch bit, nn lm th no chng nhiu?
Tr li: - Khi mc song song nhiu cm bin quang thu pht tch bit, chng nhiu ta phi o tn hiu phn pht v phn thu.

Cu 7:Nu nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin si quang? c im ca cm bin si quang?

Tr li : - cm bin si quang l mt dng ca cb quang, nh sng dng trong cb cng l nh sng hng ngoi hoc lazer. nh sng pht ra thit b c dn truyn qua 1 si quang a n u pht, nh sng p vo vt th phn x li u thu qua si quang v mch xa l. - c im ca cb quang: pht hienj vt c kch thc nh, thi gian p ng nhanh, pht hin chnh xc ngay c trong khi iu kin khng cn bng. thu pht ln ti 1100mm, phn x hin i ln ti 130mm, phn x xc nh pht hin 6mm.

Cu 8:Nu nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin laze? c im ca cm bin laze?

- nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin laze : cb gm phn t pht lazer, phn t cm nhn v gng. Ngun sng pht ra gng 1 phn, v chiu vo i tng. sng phn hi t i tng s giao thoa vi sng pht ra. Nu cc nh sng

trng nhau th sng giao thoa c bin gp i bin ban u. nu sng phn hi lch pha 180 th bin sng giao thoa =0. - c im : ngun sng lazer rt n sc, nh hng cao, c kh nng truyn rt xa do thng lm cb phn bit mu, nhn bit hnh dng sn phm. Cu 9:Trong cc loi cm bin quang, loi no c kh nng pht hin kch thc vt th, loi no c kh nng pht hin vt th gc khut, loi no pht hin vt c h s hp th nh sng ln, nh? Tr li: -Loi c kh nng pht hin vt th gc khut l cm bin thu pht tch bit v cm bin phn x gng. Cu 10:Trong cc thit b iu khin t xa, phn t nhy sng l g? Tr li: -L phototransistor Cu 11:Nu c im ca cng tc hnh trnh? Nu ti l rle xoay chiu th c th s dng cng tc hnh trnh ng/ ngt c khng? Nu cch u ni ti vi tip im thng m? Tr li: -N l 1 cng tc t hi,thng thng c 1 chn chung com, c 1 tip im thng ng v 1 tip im thng m tc ng vo cng tc hnh trnh khi va vo vt thng s dng 1 n by c gn vng bi gim ma st khi tip xc vi vt -Cng tc hnh trnh l 1 tip im c kh do tui th khng cao , khng c dng trong mi trng du, m, ha cht -Nu ti l rle xoay chiu th c th s dng cng tc hnh trnh ng ngt. -Cch u :

Cu 12:Nu cu to ca cng tc t? V k hiu ca cng tc t? Trong thc t c cng tc t dng tip im thng ng khng? Nu c th cu to ca n nh th no? Tr li : -Cu to ca cng tc t gm c 1 tip im li g c t trong 1 bng thy tinh rt chn khng v 1 nam chm vnh cu . Khi tip im li g t gn nam chm vnh cu th lc t trg do nam chm sinh ra s ht tip im ng li. -K hiu :

-Trong thc t ko c cng tc t dng tip im thng ng. Cu 13:Nu c im ng dng ca cng tc t? Tr li : -Cng tc t c tip im t trong bng thy tinh kn nn c th chu c mi trng du, m, ha cht.Trong thc t, cng tc t c ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip nh ch to cm bin mc, nhn bit v tr ca cc chi tit my.c bit , trong h thng iu khin kh nn cng tc t c s dng rt ph bin nhn bit v tr ca pitton chuyn ng trong xilanh. Cu 14:cm bin tim cn in cm c c im g? Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in cm ph thuc vo yu t no? Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu no nht? cch khc phc? Tr li : -c im :u d ca cm bin thng c dng l mch t h lm bng li st hoc Ferit. Trn mch t c cun dy in t . Nu c 1 vt kim loi dn in ni kn mch khe t h th gi tr in cm ca u d in cm s gim , dng in tiu th tng nu cp u d cm bin 1 in p xoay chiu. *khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in cm ph thuc vo kch thc, hnh dng vt th v dn t ca vt th, nhit mi trng *Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu

*Khc phc :bc v kim loi v dn xung t. Cu 15:cm bin tim cn in dung c c im g? Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in dung ph thuc vo yu t no? Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu no nht? cch khc phc? Tr li : -u cm bin c lm bng 2 ming kim loi mng, mi ming c S= 1cm2, dn cch in trn cng 1 mt phng to thnh 2 in cc trn cng 1 mt phng . Cm bin tim cn in dung c th xc nh c tt c cc vt c hng s in mi khc vi mi trng in mi ngoi khng kh, xc nh c mc tn s thay i *Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin in dung ph thuc vo m v sng ca mi trng. -Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu t mi trng xung quanh nh nhit p sutgy ra sai lch tn hiu hi p,tn hiu o,dn n tui th cm bin gim -Cch khc phc : +/Gim cc nh hng ca cc i lng tc ng vo cm bin nh cch in,chng rung,chng t trng.. +/S dng s ghp ni gim nh hng cc i lng nhiu nh s dng cu in tr

Cu 16:Mun pht hin vt th hoc cht liu ng trong hp kn th s dng cm bin no? C yu cu g khng?
Tr li: - Mun pht hin vt th hoc cht liu ng trong hp kn th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung - Yu cu vt th hoc cht liu cha trong thng l cc phi kim loi

Cu 17:Mun nhn bit vt th kim loi n gn c th s dng loi cm bin no? Khong cch ti a t cm bin n vt th l bao nhiu?
Tr li :
-

Mun nhn bit vt th kim loi n gn c th s dng loi cm bin tim cn in cm

Khong cch ti a t cm bin n vt th l 1cm.

Cu 18:C th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung lm cm bin o mc c khng? Yu cu c th o c nh th no?

Tr li : - C th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung lm cm bin o mc - Yu cu c th o c: + i vi cht lng cch in: dt hai in cc kim loi thng ng trong bnh cha dung dch trong bnh chnh l in mi + i vi cht lng dn in: s dng cb in dung gn ln thnh bnh + o lin tc dng 2 que o, 1 que o c bc cch in bng lp in m, mt que o khng bc cch in.

Cu 19: c th o c lu lng cht lng bng lu lng k in t, yu cu v cht lng y nh th no?

Tr li :
-

c th o c lu lng cht lng bng lu lng k in t, yu cu v cht lng c dn in khng nh hn 10^-5 -> 10^-6.

Cu 20:V cch u ni vi ti ca cm bin tim cn in cm c u

ra kiu NPN?

Tr li:

Cu 21:V cch u ni vi ti ca cm bin tim cn in cm c u ra

kiu PNP?

Tr li: Cu 22:Cm bin tim cn in dung l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? ti sao?
Tr li:
-

cb tim cn in dung l cb tch cc v n c s bin i nng lng. khi c mt vt kim loi n gn nng lng ca b dao ng b tiu hao to nn cc dng in xoy c cm ng bn trong vt th.

Cu 23:Cm bin tim cn in cm l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? ti sao?

Tr li:
-

cb tim cn in cm l cb th ng v: u ra khng mang tnh cht in, in dung thay i, in p k thay i.

Cu 24:Trong cc loi cm bin tim cn, loi no pht hin xa nht?

Tr li : - cb tim cn : + cng tc hnh trnh + cm bin in cm in dung + cb tim cn cng tc t + cb quang cng nghip - trong cc loi cb tim cn th cb quang cng nghip l pht hin xa nht.

Cu 25:Cm bin siu m hot ng da trn nguyn tc no? Nu c im ca cm bin siu m?

Tr li : -nguyn tc ca cb siu m : ngi ta dng 1 mch to sng m vi tn s tm khong 300khz. Nhng mi ln pht n ch pht 8 chu k xung mu ca sng m sau i tn hiu phn hi v u thu. Mch thu sng m s kim sot 8 chu k xung mu thu v xc nh c nhiu hay tn hiu phn hi sau chuyn thnh xung vung. B vi x l c gn trn cb siu m s xc nh khong cch gia sn ln ca xung pht lnh o khong cch vi sn ln ca xung thu v tnh ra thi gian gia thi im pht v nhn sng siu m, sau nhn vi vn tc truyn sng =340m/s -c im ca cb siu m: + khong cch bt vt ln t 2mm ti trc mt thm tr hang trm mt. + dng sng siu m vi tn s ngoi ngng nghe ca tai ngi bt vt. + l cm bin thng minh

Cu 26:Cm bin mc kiu phao c kh thng c ng dng u? N dng o ngng hay o lin tc?
Tr li : Cm bin mc kiu phao c kh thng c ng dng trong cng nghip ha cht hoc ch bin du m, trong h thng bm nc t ng cho nh cao tng. - N dng o ngng. -

Cu 27:Yu cu cht lng ca cm bin mc kiu in dn l g?

Tr li:
-

Yu cu cht lng ca cm bin mc kiu in dn l: ch ng dng o cc cht lng dn in khng c tnh n mn v khng ln cc vt th cch in nh du, nht

Cu 28:Mun o 3 ngng trong bnh v bng nha dng cm bin mc kiu in dn th cn my in cc?
Tr li :

Mun o 3 ngng trong bnh v bng nha dng cm bin mc kiu in dn th 4 in cc: Po l cc gc c t st y thng. Cc cc cn li P1,P2,P3 c gn cc v tr m ta cn xc nh mc.

Cu 29:Mun o 3 ngng trong bnh v bng inox dng cm bin mc kiu in dn th cn my in cc?
Tr li:
-

Mun o 3 ngng trong bnh v bng inox dng cm bin mc kiu in dn th cndng 3 in cc v cc gc Po lc ny c gn ngay trn thnh bnh bng kim loi do vy ch cn dng 3 cc P1,P2,P3.

Cu 30:Ngun nui cho cc in cc ca cm bin mc kiu in dn c c im g? Ti sao?

Tr li: - ngun nui cho cc in cc ca cb mc kiu in dn c dc im l: ngun nui 10=> 24v xoay chiu. - v t tn hao khi cc in cc nm trong mi trng m t v d n mn.(dng 1 chiu gy hin tng in phn tn hao nhiu, d n mn in cc)

Cu 31:Khi o mc cht lng cch in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc thng qua hnh thc no?
Tr li:
-

Khi o mc cht lng cch in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc bang cch: t 2 in cc kim loi ca cb thng ng trong bnh cha dung dch, nh vy khi dung dch trong bnh tng hay gim s lm cho din tch bn cc thay i lm cho in dung gia hai bn cc cng thay i theo. Sau dng 1 mch in t xc nh s thay i ca in dung suy ra mc cht lng trung bnh

Cu 32:Khi o mc cht lng dn in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc thng qua hnh thc no?
Tr li :
-

Khi o mc cht lng dn in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc bng cch: dng 2 que o, 1 que o c bc bng 1 lp in mi, 1 que khng bc cht in. khi mc cht lng thay i s lm din tch mt ngoi ca 2 que o thay i lm in dung thay i nenn ngi ta xc nh c mc cht lng trong bnh

Cu 33:Khi mun o mc cht lng c hot tnh ha hc mnh, dng cm bin loi g th ph hp?
Tr li :
-

Khi mun o mc cht lng c hot tnh ha hc mnh, ngi ta thng dng loi cb bc x nh cb tia f, cb sng siu m, cb mc x quang hc.

Cu 34:Cm bin mc kiu phao bin tr c ng dng u? Cm bin cho u ra lin tc hay ngng?
Tr li: - cb mc kiu phao bin tr c ng dng ch th mc xng, du trong cc bnh cha nhin liu ca t, xe my - cb cho u ra 1 cch lin tc.

Cu 35:Cm bin mc kiu in dung l tch cc hay th ng? Ti sao?

Tr li : - cm bin mc in dung l cb th ng - v:

Cu 36:C my phng php o nhit ? l phng php no?

Tr li: - c 4 phng php o nhit : - cc phng php o nhit : + dng nhit in tr kim loi + dng IC cb nhit + dng nhit in tr NTC,PTC + dng cp nhit

Cu 37:Mun tng chnh xc ca php o, cn phi lm g?

Tr li: - mun tng chnh xc ca php o cn gim hiu s nhit gia nhit mi trng o v nhit ca cb gim nh nht. - c 2 phng php: + tng trao i nhit gi cb v mi trng o + gim trao i nhit gia cb v moi trng ngoi

Cu 38:Mun o nhit ca vt rn cn lm nh th no?

- Mun o nhit ca vt rn: t b mt ca vt ngi ta khoan 1 l nh ng knh R v su L - l ny a cb vo su trong vt rn tng chnh xc cn phi m bo 2 iu kin: + L>= 10 + khong trng gia v cb v thnh l khoan phi c lp y bng vt liu dn in tt.

Cu 39:Nhit in tr l g?
Tr li: - Nhit in tr l in tr thay i theo s nhit ca n Rt=f(t), o Rt c th suy ra nhit - Nhit in tr kim loi l 1 cb nhit lm vic da trn s thay i i tr ca 1 s kim loi khi nhietj thay i. Cu 40) Thng s Pt-100, Pt -500, Pt 1000 c ngha nh th no?

Tr li: Pt-100: ngha l cm bin lm bng platin c Ro= 100 Pt -500: ngha l cm bin lm bng platin c Ro= 500 Pt 1000: ngha l cm bin lm bng platin c Ro= 1000 Ro : in tr cm bin 0 C Cu 41 : Ngun nui cho nhit in tr c c im g? Ti sao c c im ? Tr li : -L ngun in p thp, 1 chiu, n nh -V:trnh hiu ng Jun lm nhit in tr b nng ln Cu 42 :c my k thut ni dy cho nhit in tr? Tr li : C 4 k thut ni dy o cho nhit in tr : -Ni 2 dy - Ni 3 dy - Ni 4 dy - Ni 2 dy vi b bin i tn hiu o Cu 43 : K thut ni 2 dy c c im g? Tr li : Gia nhit in tr v mch o c ni bng 2 dy. Dy dn ni t mch o ti in tr nhit c 1 in tr nht nh, in tr ny ni tip vi nhit in tr.Vi 2 in tr ca 2 dy o, mch o s nhn c 1 in th co hn vi in th cn o trong thc t phng php ny gy sai s ln nn t sd Cu 44 : K thut ni 4 dy c c im g? Tr li : -c im ca kt ni 4 dy: cho kt qu o tt nht -Dng 2 dy cho 1 dng in khng i i qua nhit in tr, 2 dy cn li dng lm que o Cu 45 :K thut ni 3 dy c c im g?

Tr li : -Vi cch ni ny 2 mch o c hnh thnh,1 trong 2 c dng lm chun. -K thut 3 dy sai s ca php o do in tr dy o v s thay i ca n do nhit ko cn. Tuy nhin k thut 3 dy yu cu 3 dy o phi c cng tr s k thut v cng nhit Trong thc t kt 3 dy o l kt rt ph bin. Cu 46:Ti sao khng dng Pt nguyn cht cu thnh nn nhit in tr? Tr li: -Chi ph cao -Ch to nhit in tr pha tp c n nh lu di tt hn Pt nguyn cht Cu 47:Di o nhit ca nhit in tr Pt ph thuc vo yu t no? Tr li: -Ph thuc vo nng cht pha thm vo Pt Cu 48 : NTC, PTC l g? l cc cm bin tch cc hay th ng? Tr li : -NTC (Negative Temperature Coficient) :l cm bin nhit c h s thay i nhit m. Tc l khi nhit tc ng tng th lm cho tr khng ca cm bin gim. -PTC (Positive Temperature Cofficient): l cm bin nhit c h s thay i nhit dng tc l khi nhit tc ng tng lm cho tr khng tng. Hai loi cm bin trn u l cm bin th ng. Cu 49 : Khi lm vic vi dng in nh, NTC c tnh cht g? Tr li : +Khi lm vic vi dng in b,ngta c th dng NTC lm thit b o nhit . Trong trng hp ny phi lu dng qua NTC phi b hiu ng Jun khng lm cho NTC b nng ln Cu 50 :Khi lm vic vi dng in ln, NTC c tnh cht g? Tr li : +Khi lm vic vi dng in ln, NTC c dng o mc cht lng.

-Khi cho dng in ln chy qua NTC s lm cho NTC nng ln v in tr ca n gim xung. S thay i ca in tr ph thuc vo mi trg t n, nu t trong mi trng khng kh th s suy gim in tr khc vi khi t trong mi trg cht lng Cu 51 :Khi lm vic vi dng in nh, PTC c tnh cht g? Tr li : -Khi lm vic vi dng in nh th gy ra sai s thang o ln v khi nhit in tr trong PTC thay i khng ng k,khi dng nh th khng c hiu ng Jun Cu 52 :Khi lm vic vi dng in ln, PTC c tnh cht g? Tr li : Cu 53 :LM35 c u ra thay i nh th no vi nhit ? Tr li : -IC loi LM35 c u ra l in p hay dng in thay i t l thun trc tip vi cng thang o.(Thay i theo hm s m vi nhit ). in p ng ra l 10mV/ C v sai s khng tuyn tnh l +_1,8mV cho ton thang o. Cu 54 :Cp nhit in hot ng da trn nguyn l no? Tr li : -u cm bin nhit l 2 thanh dn in khc loi c hn kn 1 u gi l u nng, 2 u cn li l u lnh.lm vic theo nguyn tc nhit in. Ngha l khi u ni b tc ng nhit th 2 u cn li to ra in p 1 chiu Cu 55 :cp nhit in l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? Tr li : -Cp nhit l cm bin tch cc Cu 56 :Khi ni di dy dn cho cp nhit in, cn lu iu g? Ti sao? Tr li : -Cn lu : khi ni dy t cp nhit ti thit b o phi c tnh cht nhit in ging vi kim loi lm cp nhit v nhit ti cc im ni phi hon ton ging nhau. V : ti cc im ni s to thnh cc cp nhit sinh ra in p k sinh gy ra nhiu sai s

Cu 57 :Trong cp nhit in, lm th no c c gi tr nhit mi trng ngoi khng i? Tr li : Cu 58 :Trong thc t, loi cp nhit in no c s dng ph bin nht? Tr li : -Trong thc t hin nay cp nhit kiu K c s dng ph bin nht vi v bc n c th hot ng nhit 1150 C v c bn theo thi gian cao + max dng lin tc : + max dng ngn hn: +Thnh phn : NiCr-Ni +Mu dy theo tnh cht M : Dy + :vng Dy- : +Mu dy theo tnh cht Nht : Dy + : Dy- : xanh dt Cu 59 :Mun o nhit ca bnh axit Sufuaric c nng, nn s dng phng php no? Tr li : Cu 60 : o v hin th tc ng c ca t, tu in, ngi ta s dng cm bin loi no? Tr li : -Cm bin tc dng my pht tc 1 chiu Cu 61 :c im ca my pht tc 1 chiu Tr li : -My pht tc 1 chiu c tn hiu u ra l tn hiu in p 1 chiu, tn hiu ny l tn hiu tng t v t l vi tc quay. -My pht tc 1 chiu c tn hiu u ra khng hon ton tuyn tnh v n ph thuc vo c tnh t ha ca vt liu t. di tc rt thp in p u ra ca cm bin hu nh khng c. di tc cao qu nh mc th in p u ra b bo ha

Cu 62 :My pht tc 1 chiu c th phn bit c chiu quay hay khng? Tr li : -Khng th phn bit c chiu quay Cu 63 :Cm bin tc kiu t tr bin thin o tc ca c cu quay thng qua i lng in no? Tr li : -Tn s ca sc in ng Cu 64 :S lng bnh rng c ngha nh th no vi di o ca cm bin tc quay kiu t tr bin thin Tr li : -S lng bnh rng quyt nh di o o tc nh th s bnh rng nhiu o tc ln th s bnh rng it Cu 65 :Cm bin tc quay kiu t tr bin thin c xc nh c chiu quay ca c cu truyn ng khng? Tr li : -khng xc nh c chiu quay Cu 66:Encoder l g? Cu 67:Nu cu to v nguyn l ca encoder? Tr li: -Encoder c 2 loi: encoder tuyt i v encoder tng i +Cu tao : Encoder tng i :gm 1 a m v 3 cp thu pht quang, a m c gn vi trc quay t do.Trn a m c to 1 hng l tng ng vi cc vch sng ti.c t 100-1000 l ty thuc vo ti thp hay cao, v 3 cp thu pht quang ni vi 3 phn t khuch i thut ton a ra 3 xung tng ng vi u A, u B v u Z. Trong cc v tr A,B,Z l v tr t cp thu pht hng ngoi. Encoder tuyt i : c phn cu to tng t encoder tng i nhng trn a m c nhiu vng m v u ra ca encoder tuyt i l cc t

m nh phn tng ng vi cc gc quay c th l m A,B,C,D hay Gray v tng ng vi nhiu cp thu pht hng ngoi , s cp thu pht hng ngoi s tng ng vi s bit ca 1 m.V s m ca 1 gc s c nh = (n :l s gc c m ha) +Nguyn l hot ng : Encoder tng i : a ra 3 u ra A,B,Z. Trong u ra A,B s c xung lch nhau nu o chiu quay, u ra Z ch c 1 xung ra khi encoder quay ht 1 vng Encoder tuyt i :c s u ra tng ng vi s bit m ha gc quay.xung ra tng ng vi m BCD, Gray Cu 68 :C my loi encoder? S khc bit gia chng nh th no? Tr li : -c 2 loi encoder :encoder tuyt i v encoder tng i -S khc bit gia 2 loi : +Encoder tng i : ch c 1 hng l quang , s l quang trong 1 vng t 1001000 l ch o c tc quay c 3 u ra +Encoder tuyt i :c nhiu hng l o xung , u ra c 3 dng A,B,Z o c c tc quay v gc quay Cu 69 :Mun o vn tc v xc nh chiu quay ca c cu truyn ng s dng loi cm bin vn tc no? Cch xc nh chiu quay? Tr li : -Dng encoder tng i xc nh chiu quay v o c vn tc ca c cu truyn ng. -Cch xc nh chiu quay :tng ng vi phng php t cc cp thu pht hng ngoi vo v tr A,B,Z th xung ra u A s sm pha hn u B nu tc ng quay l quay thun v s xung u ra tng ng vi s l m trn vng quay.Khi quay ht 1 vng th u ra Z s sut ra 1 xung , mch s l encoder s cn c vo gin xung xc nh tc quay v chiu quay Cu 70 :ng dng ca mi loi Encoder? Tr li :

-Encoder tng i : o tc ng c, xc nh tc quay v chiu quay, o lu lng, o dn, qung g i -Encoder tuyt i :c kh nng o gc quay tng ng vi tc quay chm Cu 71 :C my phng php o p sut? l nhng phng php no? Tr li : -C 3 phng php o p sut o p sut vi sai o mng kim loi o mng cng l xo Cu 72 :C th o p sut trc tip c khng? Ti sao? Tr li : -Khng th o p sut trc tip(tuyt i) -V : khng c so ngng mc = 0 Cu 73:Nu nguyn l ca cm bin p sut mng sc co gin kim loi? l cm bin tch cc hay thu ng? Ti sao? Tr li: -Nguyn l ca cm bin p sut mng sc co gin kim loi l da trn s thay i in tr ca 1 s kim loi khi b ko dn hoc nn co li.Khi kim loi b ko dn n tr nn di hn v mng hn do in tr ca n tng ln , cn khi kim loi b nn co li n tr ln ngn hn v dy hn do in tr ca n gim xung. Cn c vo s thay i in tr ca mng sc xc nh lc, p sut ca phn t cn kho st y l cm bin th ng v di tc dng ca p sut mng sc co gin b bin dng . u ra ca cm bin l gi tr in tr Cu 74:Ti sao gi l cm bin p sut mng sc co gin kim loi? C my loi cu trc mng sc? c im mi loi Tr li: -Cm bin c dng o p sut, c lm bng kim loi v nm trn 1 nn bng cht do v c ch to thnh hnh un khc nh cc sc nn c gi l cb p sut mng sc kim loi

-C 3 loi cu trc mng sc l: Mng sc co gin l kim loi:thng l nhng ng dy in bng kim loi rt mn nm trn 1 n bng cht do.g dn in ny c ch to thnh hnh un khc c s thay i in tr ng k Mng sc co gin mng mng:c ch to theo phng php bc hi chn khng hay cng ngh phun bi , vi phng php ny mng sc s cc mng do nhy ca mng cao v it b nh hng ca nhit Mng sc co gin mng dy:c ch to trn nn gm vi k thut in la , c dy ko cao v chu nhiu nh hng ca nhiutrong thc t t c s dng Cu 75:Cm bin p sut in tr hot ng theo hiu ng no? l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? Nu c im ca cm bin ny? Tr li: -Cm bin p sut in tr lm vic da trn hiu ng in tr p in trong bn dn: khi tc dng 1 lc c hc ln 1 cht bn dn do cc ng sut c hc trong tinh th bn dn lm cho in tr sut ca bn dn thay i y l cm bin th ng -c im: nhy cao S tuyn tnh tt S tr ca p sut v nhit u b Thi gian hi p nh Cu trc nh gn R tin Cu 76:Cm bin p sut p in thch anh hot ng theo hiu ng vt l no? Hiu ng c my loi? cm bin p in thch anh hot ng theo hiu ng no? Tr li: -Cm bin p sut p in thch anh (Si02) lm vic da trn hiu ng p in ca vt liu thch anh : khi tc dng mt lc nn c hc ln tinh th thch anh th cc mt i din ca tinh th thch anh s xut hin cc in tch tri du , lng in tch ny s t l thun vi lc nn tc dng

-C 2 loi: hiu ng theo chiu di hoc hiu ng theo chiu ngang ty theo hng tc dng ca lc vi v tr trc tinh th thch anh -Cm bin p in thch anh ngy nay hu ht l da vo hiu ng ngang Cu 77:Mun o p sut p nhit 2400C dng loi cm bin no ph hp? Tr li: -Dng cm bin p sut p in thch anh Cu 78:Mun o lc th phi lm th no? Tr li: -o lc l o nhng hiu qu m n gy ra, o lc ngta c th dng cb mng sc kim loi, cm bin p in hoc cm bin p in thch anh Cu 79:Loadcell l g? N lm vic theo nguyn tc no? Tr li: -Loadcell l thit b xc nh trng lng ca vt Khi b tc ng lc cell cm bin b bin dng lm gi tr in tr u ra cm bin thay i t l vi bin dng . Da vo bin dng xc nh trng lng ca vt Cu 80:Lu lng l g? C my dng lu lng? Tr li: -Lu lng l lng l lng cht chy trong mi trng truyn dn trong 1 n v thi gian (1s). -C 3 dng lu lng l lu lng cht lng, cht kh v hi nc Cu 81:Lu lng cc cht ph thuc vo nhng yu t no? H s Reynol l g? N nh hng nh th no n vn tc dng chy ? Tr li : -Lu lng cc cht ph thuc vo di lu lng, nhit , p sut cn o. -H s Reynol l 1 gi tr khng th nguyn biu th ln tng i gia nh hng gy bi qun tnh Cu 82 :Lu lng p k Visai hot ng da trn nguyn tc no ? c im ca php o ny ? Tr li :

-Lu lng p k vi sai hot ng da theo nh lut Becnuali, biu din quan h gia lu lng v s bin thin p sut ca cht lng trong 1 ng thu hp. -c im : Cu to n gin, chc chn Lm vic khng gy ting n, c th ch to hng lot Lp t bng mng st hoc ni xen k. Gy tn hao lu lng dng chy. Cu 83 :Nu dng lu lng l cht c hot tnh ha hc mnh th dng lu lng p k Visai c ph hp khng ? ti sao ? Tr li : -Khng V : gy hin tng n mn g ng dn ln Cu 84 :Lu lng k in t hot ng da trn nh lut no ? Yu cu ca dng chy c tnh cht g ? c im ca cm bin ny ? Tr li : -Lu lng k in t hot ng da theo nh lut Faraday. Khi c dng cht lng dn in chy ct qua t trg do cun dy t vung gc vi dng chy th s xut hin sc in ng cm ng trn 2 in cc thnh ng. -Yu cu ca dng chy : dng chy c in dn trn 1mS/cm. -c im : Cho php o lu lng 2 chiu. Dng knh ng c th t 2mm n 3m. dng chy c in dn trn 1mS/cm. Cu 85 :ng dn cht lu c th o lu lng bng lu lng k in t l kim loi hay phi kim ? Tr li : -L phi kim Cu 86 :Lu lng k siu m c gy ra tn hao lu lng dng chy khng ? tng chnh xc ca php o bng cm bin ny th phi lm th no ? Tr li : -Lu lng k siu m khng gy ra tn hao lu lng dng chy

- tng chnh xc c th s dng nhiu cp cm bin v hin tng phn x nhiu ln. Cu 87 :Cng t th tch c nguyn l hot ng nh th no? c im ca php o ny ? Tr li : -Cng t th tch l thit b o s lng th tch cht lng i qua 1 bung cha bit th tch . Khi c cht lng chy qua lm quay cnh phn ng. Nh b phn m s vng quay c th suy ra th tch cht lng chy qua ng. -c im : chnh xc 0,15 -2 %. V qun tnh ng nn c th gy nhm ln trong qu trnh o ng . Cu 88 :Loi lu lng k no cho php o lu lng 2 chiu? Tr li : - Lu lng k in t