Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :
GII TON V AMIN AMINO PROTIT.

1. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 1,12 lt N2 ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 6,3g H2O v MX = 89. CTPT ca X l:
A. C3H5O2N
B. C3H7O2N
C. C3H7O2N2
D. C4H9O2N.
Gii.
Do sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O, N2 nn X cha C, H, N v c th c O
Gi CTPT ca X l: XxHyOzNt
CxHyOzNt + (x+

y z
- ) O2
4 2

0,1 mol
Theo bi ra:

xCO2 +
0,1x

0,05y

y
H2O +
2

t N2.

0,05t

6,72
0,3 x 3
22,4
6,3
n H 2 O = 0,05y =
0,35 y 7
18
1,12
n N 2 = 0,05t =
0,05 t 1
22,4
n CO 2 = 0,1x =

Vi MX = 89
z = 2.
CTPT ca X l: C3H7O2N.
2. Hp cht X gm cc nguyn t C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tng ng l 24: 5: 16: 14. Bit phn t X c hai
nguyn t N. CTPT ca X l:
A. CH4ON2
B. C3H8ON2
C. C3H8O2N2
D. C4H10O2N2.
Gii.
CTPT ca X l: CxHyOzNt.
Ta c:
x:y:z:t=

24
12

5 16 14
1 16 14

2 : 5 :1:1

CTGN l C2H5ON
CTTN : (C2H5ON)n.
Do phn t cha hai nghuyn t N nn n = 2.
CTPT l C4H10O2N2.
3. X l mt amin n chc bc nht cha 23,73% nit. CTPT ca X l:
A. C3H5NH2
B. C4H7NH2
C. C3H7NH2
Gii.
Gi CTPT ca amin l CxHyN.
Ta c:

mN
mC m H

14
12x y

23,73
76,27

12 x

D. C5H9NH2.

45

x
1
2
3
y
33
21
9
Cp nghim tho mn l: x = 3; y = 9.
CTPT ca amnin n gin: C3H7NH2.
4. Cho 0,1 mol cht X ( C2H8O3N2, M = 108) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh
lm xanh giy qu m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,7g
B. 12,5g
C. 15g
D. 21,8g.
Gii.
C2H5NH3NO3 + NaOH
C2H5NH2 + NaNO3.
0,1
0,1
0,1
Cht kh lm xanh qu m l: CH3CH2NH2.
Cht rn gm 0,1 mol NaNO3 v 0,1 mol NaOH d.
m rn = 0,1. 85 + 0,1.40 = 12,5g.
5. Mt amino axit cha 46,6% C; 8,74% H; 13,59% N cn li l O. CTGN trng vi CTPT. CTPT ca amino axit l:
A. C3H7O2N
B. C4H9O2N
C. C4H7O2N
D. C5H9O2N.
Gii.
%O = 100 (46,6 + 8,74 + 13,59) = 31,07%.
Gi CTPT ca amino axit l: CxHyOzNt.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

Ta c:
x:y:z:t=

46,6
12

8,74
1

31,07 13,59
3,88 : 8,74 : 1,94 : 0,97
16
14

= 4 : 9 : 2 : 1.
CTPT trng vi CTGN nn CTPT l: C4H9O2N.
6. A l - amino axit cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm - COOH. Cho 8,9g A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 12,55g mui. CTCT ca A l:

B. CH2 - CH2 - COOH

NH2
D. CH3 - CH - CH2 - COOH

A. CH3 - CH - COOH
NH2
C. CH3 - CH2 - CH - COOH
NH2

NH2

Gii.
CTPT ca aminoaxit l: HOOC R NH2.
HOOC R NH2 + HCl
HOOC R NH3Cl.
Ta c:

R 61
8,9

R 97,5
12,55

R 28

R c th l: -- CH2 CH2 hoc CH3 CH

V l - aminoaxit nn R: CH3 CH --.

CTCT:

CH3 - CH - COOH
NH2

7. Amino axit X cha 1 nhm - COOH v 2 nhm NH2 . Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c
154g mui. CTPT v CTCT c th c ca X l:

A. C4H10N2O2 : CH2 - CH - CH2 - COOH

NH2 NH2

B. C5H12N2O2 : CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - COOH

NH2
NH2

C. C6H14N2O2 : CH2 - (CH2)3 - CH - COOH

NH2
NH2

D. C5H10N2O2 : CH2 - CH = CH - CH - COOH

NH2
NH2

Gii.
Gi CTPT ca X l: CxHy(NH2)2COOH.
Ptp:
CxHy(NH2)2COOH + NaOH
CxHy(NH2)2COONa + H2O.
1 mol
1 mol.
Ta c:
12x + y + 16.2 + 67 = 154
12x + y = 55.
Nghim ng: x = 4; y = 7.
CTPT: C5H12N2O2.
8. X l - amino axit cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm - COOH. Cho 8,9g X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl
1M thu c dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn dng 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng
thc ng ca X l:

A. CH3 - CH - COOH

B. CH3 - CH2 - CH - COOH

NH2
C. CH2 - CH2 - COOH
NH2

CH3 NH2
D.

CH3 - C - COOH
NH2

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :
Gii.

CTCT X :

R - CH - COOH
NH2

Ptp-:

R - CH - COOH + HCl
NH2
R - CH - COOH +2 NaOH
NH3Cl
HCl d- + NaOH

R - CH - COOH

(1)

NH3Cl
R - CH - COOH + NaCl + H2O
NH2

(2)

n NaOH = 0,3 mol.

n HCl = 0,2 mol.
T (1), (2) ta thy: HCl d v nu HCl va hoc thiu th n NaOH
Gi x l s mol ca X. t (1), (2), (3) ta c:
x + (0,2 x ) = 0,3
x = 0,1 mol.
M X = R + 74 =

8,9
89
0,1

(3)

NaCl + H2O

R = 15

2.0,2 = 0,4 mol.

R: CH3 -

CTPT ca X l: CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
9. Mt aminoaxit Y cha 1 nhm COOH v 2 nhm - NH2. Cho 1 mol Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c
205g mui khan. CTPT ca Y l:
A. C4H10N2O2
B. C5H12N2O2
C. C6H14N2O2
D. C5H10N2O2.
Gii.
Gi CTPT ca Y l: CxHy2COOH(NH2).
Ptp:
CxHyCOOH(NH2)2 + HCl
CxHyCOOH(NH3Cl)2 .
1 mol
1 mol.
Ta c:
12x + y + 45 + 2.52,5 = 205
12x + y = 55.
Nghim ng: x = 4; y = 7.
CTPT: C5H12N2O2.
10. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin bc I, mch h, no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c CO 2 v
H2O vi t l s mol n CO 2 : nH 2 O = 1:2. Hai amin c CTPT ln lt l:
A. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2
B. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2
C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2
D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2.
Gii.
Gi cng thc phn t ca hai amin n chc , no l: C n H 2n 1 NH2.
C n H 2n 1 NH2 + (

4n 3
)O2
2

mol

n CO2 +
1

Ta c: n CO 2 : n H 2 O = n :

2n 3
1: 2
2

2n 3
H2O.
2
2.

n = 1,5.

Hai amin cn tm l: CH3NH2 v CH3CH2NH2.

11. t chy hon ton m gam mt amin bc I X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6g CO 2; 12,6g H2O v 69,44
lt kh N2 (ktc). X c CTPT l:
A. C2H5NH2
B. C3H7NH2
C. CH3NH2
D. C4H9NH2.
Gii.
Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyNt.
xCO2 +

a mol

ax

17,6
0,4 mol. (1)
44
y
1,4
= ax +
= 0,4 +
0,75 mol.
4
4

n CO 2 = ax =
n O2

y
)
4
y
a( x+ )
4

CxHyNt + ( x +

y
t
H2O + N2 .
2
2
y
t
a
a .
2
2
y 12,6
n H2 O = a =
2
18

(*)

0,7

ay 1,4 mol. (2)

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

n N 2 = n N 2 khng kh + n N 2 (*)

4.n O 2 + at/2 = 4.0,075 + a.

t
69,44
=
3,1.
2
22,4

at = 0,2.
(3).
T (1), (2), (3) ta c:
x : y : t = 0,4 : 1,4 : 0,2 = 2 : 7 : 1.
CTGN : C2H7N.
CTN: (C2H7N)n . Nghim thch hp l: n = 1. V amin bc I nn CPT l: CH3CH2NH2.
12. t chy mt amin no, n chc bc hai X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol
n CO 2 :nH 2 O = 2: 3. Tn ca X l:
A. Etylamin
B. Etylmetylamin
C. trietylamin
D. imetylamin.
Gii.
CTPT amin no, c chc: CnH2n+3N.
CnH2n+3N +

4n 3
O2
2

mol
n CO 2 : nH 2 O = n :

2n 3
=2:3
2

n CO2 +

2n 3
1
H2O + N2.
2
2

3.

n = 3.

CTPT: C3H9N. V amin bc hai nn c CTCT: CH3CH2 NH CH3: etyl metyl amin.
13. t chy a mol 1 aminoaxit c 2a mol CO2 v a/2 mol N2. CTCT ca aminoaxit l:
A. H2NCH2COOH
B. H2N[CH2]2COOH
C. H2N[CH2]3COOH
D. H2NCH[COOH]2.
Gii.
CTPT ca amino axit: CxHyOzNt.
O2

CxHyOzNt
n CO 2 = ax = 2a
n H 2 O = a.

xCO2 +

y
t
H2O + N2.
2
2

x=2

X c hai nguyn t C.

t=1

X c mt nguyn t N.

t
1
= .a
2 2

X : H2NCH2COOH.
14. A l mt - amino axit no, c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, cha 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH. Khi t
chy hon ton mt mol A th thu c hn hp kh trong
4,5 mol < nCO 2 < 6 mol. CTCT ca A l:

NH2

COOH
A. H2N - CH - CH - CH3

B. HOOC - CH - CH2 - COOH

COOH
NH2
C.

CH2 - CH - CH2 - COOH

D.

H2N - CH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

COOH

COOH
Gii.
Gi CTPT ca amino axit trn l: CnH2n 1 (NH2)(COOH)2.
O2
CnH2n 1 (NH2)(COOH)2
(n + 2) CO2
1 mol
(n + 2) mol.
Theo bi ra ta c:
4,5 < n + 2 < 6
n = 3.
CTPT ca amino axit l: C3H5(NH2)(COOH)2.
CTCT ca amino axit no, mch thng khng phn nhnh l:

HOOC - CH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH

NH2
A khng hp l v mch cacbon phn nhnh.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

15. S gam axit metacrylic X v metanol Y dng iu ch 150g metylmetacrylat vi hiu sut 60% l:
A. 86g axit metacrylic v 32g metanol.
B. 215g axit metacrylic v 80g metanol.
C. 172g axit metacrylic v 48g metanol. D. 129g axit metacrylic v 64g metanol.
Gii.
Phng trnh phn ng:

CH2 = C - COOH + CH3OH

CH3
86g

32g

xg

yg

100g
150.

Khi lng axit metacrylic l:

x =

CH2 = C - COOCH3 + H2O

CH3

100
g
60

86.150 100
.
215 (g).
100 60

Khi lng ca metanol l:

y=

150.32 100
.
80 (g).
100 60

16. Mt on t capron (nilon - 6) c khi lng l 2,494g. S mt xch ca on t l:

A. 133.
B. 1,743.10 20 .
C. 0,133.10 23 .
D. 0,133.1019.
Gii.
Mch capron c dng: [ - NH (CH2)5 CO ] n.
Phn t khi ca mt mt xich t: M = 113 vC.
Khi lng ca on mch t l: m = 113.n. vC = 113.n. (0,166.10 23) g.
[ 1 vC =

1
1
( 6. mp + 6. mn) =
(6.0,6726.10-- 23 + 6. 0,6748.1023) = 0,166.1023(g)].
12
12

Theo bi ra ta c:
m = 113n.0,166.1023 (g) = 2,494 (g)
n = 0,133.1023 mt xch.
17. Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit A 0,2M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc, 100 ml
dung dch A trn tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Bit A c t khi vi H2 l 52. CTPT ca A l:
A. (H2N)2C2H3COOH .
B . H2NC2H3(COOH)2.
C. (H2N)2C2H2(COOH)2.
D. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
Gii.
n A = 0,02 mol; n NaOH = 0,08.0,25 = 0,02 mol;
n HCl = 0,08.0,5 = 0,04 mol.
Do nA = nNaOH
A c cha 1 nhm COOH.
n HCl = 2nNaOH
A c cha hai nhm - NH2.
CTPT ca A: R(NH2)2(COOH)2.
MA = 52.2 = 104 R = 27 R: C2H3.
CTCT: NH2C2H3(COOH)2.
18. Mt amino axit no X tn ti trong t nhin (cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH). Cho 0,89g X phn ng va
vi HCl to ra 1,255g mui. CTCT ca X l:
A. H2NCH2COOH
B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH
C. H2NCH2CH2COOH
D. B v C ng.
Gii.
CTPT X: CnH2n(NH2)(COOH).
CnH2n(NH2)(COOH)2 + HCl
CnH2n(NH3Cl)(COOH).
0,89g
1,255.

14n 60 14n 96,5

0,89
1,255

n 2.

CTPT X: C2H4(NH2)(COOH).
Cch khc:
C 1 mol X chuyn thnh mui khi lng tng 36,5 g.
C x mol . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1,255 0,89 = 0,365 g.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

0,365
0,01 mol.
36,5
0,89
MA=
89 n = 2.
0,01
nA =

CTPT X: C2H4(NH2)(COOH).
19. Cho X 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng va ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M v thu c 1,835g mui khan. Mt
khc, 0,01 mol X tc dng va vi 25g dung dch NaOH 3,2% . CTCT ca X l:
A. H2NC3H6COOH
B. H2NC2H5COOH
C. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
D. (H2N)2C3H4(COOH)2.
Gii.
n HCl = 0,125.0,08 = 0,01 mol;

n NaOH =

25.3,2
0,02 mol.
100.40

n HCl = n X
X c cha 1 nhm NH2.
n NaOH = 2.n X X c cha hai nhm - COOH.
CTPT ca X: R(NH2)(COOH)2.
R(NH2)(COOH)2 + HCl
R(NH3Cl)(COOH)2 + H2O.
Mmui = R + 52,5 + 2. 45 =

1,835
= 183,5
0,01

R = 41

R: C3H5.

CTCT X: NH2C3H5(COOH)2.

20. Cho 0,1 mol - amino axit A c dng H2NRCOOH phn ng ht vi HCl to ra 11,15g mui. A l:
A. glyxin.
B. alanin.
C. phenyl alanin. D. valin.
Gii.
NH2RCOOH + HCl
(NH3Cl)RCOOH .
n Mui = n A = 0,1 mol

M mui = R + + 45 =

11,15
111,5
0,1

R = 14

R : - CH2
A l H2NCH2COOH (glyxin).
21. Cho lng d anilin phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch long cha 0,05 mol H 2SO4. Lng mui thu c
l:
A. 7,1g
B. 14,2g
C. 19,1g
D. 28,4g.
Gii.
2C6H5NH2 + H2SO4
(C6H5NH3)SO4.
n Mui = n H 2 SO 4 = 0,05 mol.
m Mui = 0,05. 284 = 14,2 g.
22. Cho 500g benzen phn ng vi hn hp gm HNO3 dc v H2SO4 c. Lng nitrobenzen to thnh c kh thnh
anilin. Bit rng hiu sut phn ng u bng 78%. Khi lng anilin thu c l:
A. 1010,848g
B. 615g
C. 596,154g
D. 362,7g.
Gii.
H 2 SO4
C6H6 + HONO2
C6H5NO2 + H2O
(1).
C6H5NO2 + 6H

C6H5NH2 + 2H2O

(2).

500.123
615 kg.
78
615.93
=
465 kg.
123

Theo (1): m C 6 H 5 NO 2 =
Theo (2): mC 6 H 5 NH 2

Khi lng anilin thc t thu c l:

m = 465.

78
362,7 kg.
100

23. Mt on t nilon 6,6 c khi lng l 7,5 mg. S mt xch ca on t l:

A. 6,02.1023
B. 2.196
C. 2.1020
D. 2.1019.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

Gii.
on t nilon 6,6 : [ - NH (CH2)5 NH (CH2)4 CO ] n.
Khi lng mt mt xch: m1 = 226 vC.
Khi lng on t: m2 = 226n vC = 226.n.0,166.1023 g = 0,0075 g.
n = 2.10 19.
24. Mt amino axit A c cha 40,4% C; 7,9% H; 15,7% N v MA = 89. CTPT ca A l:
A. C3H5O2N.
B. C3H7O2N.
C. C2H5O2N.
D. C4H9O2N.
Gii.
%O = 100 (40,4 + 15,7 + 7,9) = 36%.
Gi CTPT l: CxHyOzNt. Ta c:

89
100

12x
40,4

y
7,9

16z
36

14t
15,7

x = 3; y = 7; z = 2; t = 1.

CTPT l: C3H7O2N.
25. Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M. C cn dung dch thu c 1,835g
mui. Khi lng phn t ca A l:
A. 147
B. 150
C. 97
D. 120.
Gii.
n HCl = 0,125.0,08 = 0,01 mol.
Ap dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c:
m Amin + m HCl = m mui
m Amin = 1,835 0,01.36,5 = 1,47 g.
M amin =

1,47
147 vC.
0,01

27. Cho 0,1 mol amino axit A phn ng va vi 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,2 mol HCl. Khi lng mui Na thu c khi
tc dng vi NaOH l 13,9g. Khi lng mui clorua khi cho tc dng vi HCl v CTCT ca A l:
A. 19,2g; HOOC (CH2)3 - NH2.
B. 18,4g; HOOC CH(NH2) CH2 COOH.
C. 19g; HOOC CH(NH2) (CH2)2 NH2.
D. 19,4g; HOOC CH (NH2)CH3.

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