CHNG TRNH BNG TNH IN T EXCEL

Bi 1 : Tng quan v Excel

1.1. Gii thiu Excel l mt chng trnh (phn mm) c tch hp trong b Microsoft Office ca hng Microsoft. N l mt chng trnh bng tnh in t trc quan gip d dng gii quyt cc bi ton c lin quan n tnh ton nh bi ton qun l, tnh lng, k ton ti chnh ... 1.2. Khi ng v thot khi Excel a) Khi ng Excel : M menu StartProgramsMicrosoft Excel

mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh Excel hin ra l khi ng xong b) Thot khi Excel tr v Window Ghi li file bng tnh ang lm. M menu FileExit 1.3. Gii thiu mn hnh lm vic (giao din) ca Excel Sau khi khi ng xong Excel. Mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh Excel hin ra nh sau :

Thanh tiu

Thanh menu

Thanh cng c chun

Thanh cng c nh dng

Nt min

Nt max

Nt close

Thanh cun dc con tr mn hnh Tn hng Tn bng tnh Thanh trng thi Hp tn Thanh cng thc Tn ct

Thanh cun ngang

1.4. Cu trc ca bng tnh Excel Mc nhin bng tnh ca Excel c chia sn thnh cc hng v cc ct. Mi ct c nh s th t (s hiu) t A, B, C, .. IV tng cng c tt c 256 ct v mi hng c nh s th t t 1,2,3 ... 65536. Giao ca cc hng v cc ct to thnh cc . Tng cng trong mt bng tnh ca Excel c 65536 256 = 16.777.216 . Trong mt c th cha c mt gi tr c kiu bt k trong Excel. 1.5. Lm vic vi tp tin Excel a) Ghi file bng tnh ln a Mi file bng tnh c gi l mt Book. Trong mt Book th c nhiu Sheet, mi Sheet chnh l mt bng tnh. Trong mt Book c ti a l 255 Sheets. ghi Book ang lm vic ln a m menu FileSave hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Save trn thanh cng c. Hp hi thoi Save As xut hin

Trong hp file name g vo tn t cho Book (ch cn g phn tn chnh, ui Excel t ng gn l xls) sau chn nt lnh Save ghi hoc chn Cancel hy b vic ghi. b) M mt Book mi a con tr chut n nt lnh New trn thanh cng c, bm n nt chut tri. Tn ca Book mi c Excel t ng t tn cho l BookX (X = 1,2,3, ...) c) M li mt Book c trn a M menu FileOpen hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Open trn thanh cng c. Hp hi thoi Open xut hin

Chn tn Book cn m, bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Open

Bi 2 : Nhp d liu v nh dng bng tnh

2.1. Cc kiu d liu trong Excel a) Gi thiu Trong thc t c nhiu dng thng tin khc. C thng tin tn ti dng s nh: tui, tin lng ca mt ngi. C thng tin tn ti dng ch nh : a ch, h v tn ca mt ngi. C thng tin tn ti dng ngy thng (date) nh : ngy thng nm sinh ca mt ngi... Khi cn gii quyt cc bi ton thc t trong Excel c lin quan n cc loi thng tin trn th trong Excel a ra mt khi nim l cc kiu d liu trong Excel tng ng vi cc dng thng tin trong thc t. b) D liu kiu s Trong Excel d liu kiu s c hiu l mt thng tin ch gm ton cc con s t 0 n 9 vit lin nhau (nu l s thp phn th gia phn nguyn v phn thp phn c du chm ngn cch). V d : - tui ca mt ngi : 50 - Tin lng ca mt ngi : 500000 - H s lng ca mt ngi: 3.5

c) D liu kiu ch(Text) Trong Excel d liu kiu ch c hiu l cc thng tin gm c mt hoc nhiu cc k t (gm ch ci, ch s v cc k t khc na - k c du cch). V d : - Xp loi lao ng : A - H v tn ca mt ngi : Nguyn Vn Thanh - a ch ca mt ngi : S 56 An - Hi Phng Mt hng gi tr thuc kiu ch trong Excel l mt k t hoc mt dy k t c vit trong cp du nhy kp.V d : "A" hoc " Nguyn Vn Thanh " hoc " S 56 An - Hi Phng ". d) D liu kiu ngy thng(date) Trong Excel d liu kiu ngy thng c hiu l thng tin v ngy thng hin ti hay thng tin v ngy thng nm sinh ca mt ngi. V d : - Ngy thng hin ti l : ngy 15 thng 3 nm 2006 - Ngy thng nm sinh ca mt ngi l : mng 5 thng 7 nm 1980 Mt hng kiu date trong Excel c vit theo dng qui nh ca h iu hnh Windows. C 2 dng chnh l MM/DD/YYYY v DD/MM/YYYY. V d 12/25/2005 hoc 25/12/2005. e) D liu dng cng thc tnh ton y l mt kiu d liu c bit (thc cht l cc cng thc tnh ton) do ngi s dng phi t xy dng ty theo tng bi ton c th. D liu kiu cng thc tnh ton trong Excel bt buc phi c bt u bi du bng (=). Sau du bng l cc thnh phn v php ton ca cng thc. Cc thnh phn ca cng thc c th l mt hng gi tr (hng s, hng k t, hng chui k t ...), c th l mt a ch , c th l mt hm ca Excel ... Cc php ton ca cng thc c th l : +; - ; * ; / ... V d v mt cng thc tnh ton : =56*3/9 2.2. Cch nhp d liu Mun nhp d liu vo no trong bng tnh. a con tr mn hnh n ri g d liu vo, g xong d liu th g phm () kt thc. 2.3. Cc thao tc trn bng tnh a) Di chuyn con tr mn hnh * Di chuyn con tr mn hnh bng bn phm - Phm : a con tr mn hnh i ln mt hng - Phm : a con tr mn hnh i xung mt hng - Phm : a con tr mn hnh sang phi mt ct - Phm : a con tr mn hnh sang tri mt ct 5

- Phm CTRL+ : a con tr mn hnh v u ct hin thi - Phm CTRL+ : a con tr mn hnh v cui ct hin thi - Phm CTRL+ : a con tr mn hnh v cui dng hin thi - Phm CTRL+ : a con tr mn hnh v u dng hin thi - Phm Page Up : a con tr mn hnh i ln mt trang mn hnh - Phm Page Down : a con tr mn hnh i xung mt trang mn hnh - Phm CTRL+Page Up : Chuyn sang tri mt Sheet - Phm CTRL+Page Down : Chuyn sang phi mt Sheet * Di chuyn con tr mn hnh bng chut : a con tr chut n trong bng tnh cn xut hin con tr mn hnh, bm n nt chut tri. b) Cc thao tc chn trong bng tnh Mt phn trong bng tnh c bi en th phn bng tnh gi l c chn. - Chn mt : a con tr chut n cn chn bm n nt chut tri. - Chn nhiu cnh nhau : a con tr chut n u tin, bm v gi nt chut tri trong khi di chuyn chut n cui cng, sau th nt chut tri. - Chn nhiu khng nm cnh nhau : Gi phm CTRL trong khi bm chut ti nhng cn chn. - Chn mt hng : a con tr chut n tn hng (s hiu hng) bm n chut tri - Chn mt ct : a con tr chut n tn ct (s hiu ct) bm n chut tri - Chn nhiu hng : Chn hng u tin, gi chut trong khi di chuyn chut n hng cui cng, sau th nt chut tri. - Chn nhiu ct : Chn ct u tin, gi chut trong khi di chuyn chut n ct cui cng, sau th nt chut tri. - Chn c bng tnh : G CTRL+A * Ch : Nu mun hy b vic la chn trn ch vic bm n nt chut tri. c) Sa d liu trong Bm i nt chut tri ti cn sa ni dung hoc a con tr mn hnh n cn sa g phm F2. Sau khi sa xong g phm () kt thc d) Xa d liu trong Chn hoc nhiu cn xa d liu, sau g phm Delete e) Sao chp d liu trong Chn hoc nhiu c d liu cn sao chp i g CTRL+C hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Copy trn thanh cng c. a con tr mn hnh n cn sao chp d liu n, g CTRL+V hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Paste trn thanh cng c. f) Di chuyn d liu trong 6

Chn hoc nhiu c d liu cn di chuyn i g CTRL+X hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Cut trn thanh cng c. a con tr mn hnh n cn di chuyn d liu n, g CTRL+V hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Paste trn thanh cng c. g) Sao chp, di chuyn d liu gia cc Sheet Chn hoc nhiu c d liu trong Sheet ngun cn sao chp (hoc di chuyn) i g CTRL+C (hoc CTRL+X) hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Copy (hoc Cut) trn thanh cng c. Di chuyn n Sheet ch, a con tr mn hnh n cn sao chp (hoc di chuyn) d liu n, g CTRL+V hoc bm n nt chut tri ti nt lnh Paste trn thanh cng c. h) Xa mt Sheet Chn Sheet cn xa. M menu EditDelete Sheet i) B sung thm Sheet M Book cn b sung thm Sheet. M menu InsertWorksheet 2.4. nh dng bng tnh a) Canh l cho d liu trong bng tnh - Canh l cho d liu trong mt : Chn cc cn canh l d liu. M menu FormatCells. Hp hi thoi Format Cells xut hin - Horizontal : Canhh l theo chiu ngang - Vertical : Canh l theo chiu dc - Orientation : Quay d liu trong - Text control : iu khin d liu xung hng trong , co d liu li va trong hoc trn .

b) nh dng kiu ch Chn cc cn nh dng ch. M menu FormatCells. Xut hin khung i thoi Format Cells

Chn nhn Font. C cc la chn sau : - Font : Thay i kiu ch - Font style : Thay i dng ch - Size : Thay i c ch - Underline : To ch c gch chn - Color : Chn mu ch - Effects : To hiu ng + Strikethrough : To ch cc gch ngang + Superscript : To ch s trn + Subscript : To ch s di - Preview : Cho xem s thay i tng ng vi cc la chn Sau khi la chn xong nu ng chn OK hoc chn Cancel hy b. c) nh dng kiu s Chn cc cha gi tr kiu s cn nh dng. M menu FormatCells. Xut hin khung i thoi Format Cells

v d

chn s ch s thp phn La chn tch nhm s

Chn nhn Number. Trong phn Category chn Number. Sau khi la chn xong chn OK nh dng hoc chn Can cel hy b. d) nh dng v tr e) Vin bng tnh Chn phn bng tnh cn vin. M menu FormatCells. Xut hin khung i thoi Format Cells

Chn nhn Border. C cc la chn sau : 9

- Presets : + None : Khng vin (Xa ng vin) + Outline : Vin ng bao quanh phm vi c bi en + Inside : Vin cc ng bn trong phm vi c bi en - Border : Vin ring tng phn - Line : + Style : Chn kiu ng vin + Color : Chn mu cho ng vin Sau khi la chn xong chn OK vin hoc chn Cancel hy b. f) To nn cho trong bng tnh Chn cc cn to nn. M menu FormatCells. Xut hin khung i thoi Format Cells

Chn nhn Patterns. C cc la chn - Color : Chn mu nn cho - Pattern : Chn mu nn cho - Sample : Cho xem trc nn ca c to ra t vic trn Color vi Pattern Nu ng chn OK, nu khng chn Cancel hy b. 2.5. To tiu u trang v chn trang Nhiu khi ta mun mt thng tin no s c t ng xut hin phn u ca cc trang hoc phn cui cc trang ca bng tnh. lm c iu ny ta a cc thng tin vo phn u trang v cui trang nh sau: M menu ViewHeader and Footer. Xut hin khung i thoi Page Setup 10

C cc la chn sau : - Header : Cc thng s t ng xut hin u ca cc trang trong bng tnh + Chn cc thng tin c sn trong hp Header hoc cn thay i theo ca ngi s dng th chn nt lnh Custom Header. Xut hin khung i thoi sau:

Chn cc thng tin cn hin th trong phn Header. Chn xong bm OK chp nhn hoc Cancel hy b. - Footer : Cc thng s t ng xut hin u ca cc trang trong bng tnh (lm tng t nh vi header)

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Bi 3 : Cc hm c bn trong Excel
3.1. Cc loi a ch a) a ch l g : Trong bng tnh ca Excel c chia sn thnh cc hng v cc ct, Cc hng c nh s th t t 1,2, ... 65536. Cc ct c nh s th t t A, B, C, ...IV. Giao ca cc hng v cc ct to thnh cc . ch n mt c th trong bng tnh ta dng cch vit s th t ca ct trc, s th t ca hng sau. V d : A1, C70, AB90, ... Cch vit ny c gi l a ch ca . b) Loi a ch tng i : L loi a ch c dng (s th t ct, s th t hng). V d : A1, B67 ... Khi sao chp mt cng thc tnh ton c a ch tng i t vng ngun n vng ch th a ch trong cng thc tnh ton vng ch s thay i tng i so vi vng ngun theo hng ca vic sao chp. c) Loi a ch tuyt i : L loi a ch c dng ($s th t ct, $s th t hng). V d : $A$1, $B$67 ... Khi sao chp mt cng thc tnh ton c a ch tuyt i t vng ngun n vng ch th a ch trong cng thc tnh ton vng ch s gi nguyn ging ht nh vng ngun (khng thay i). d) Loi a ch hn hp a ch hn hp l s kt hp gia loi a ch tuyt i v loi a tuyt i. C hai loi a ch hn hp: - a ch tng i v ct v tuyt i v hng: c dng (s th t ct, $s th t hng). V d : A$1, B$67 ... - a ch tuyt i v ct v tng i v hng: c dng ($s th t ct, s th t hng). V d : $A1, $B67 ... Ch : chuyn i gia cc loi a ch g phm F4. V d :
F4 F4 F4 F4 A1 $A$1 A$1 $A1 A1

3.2. Tnh ton n gin * Cng thc tnh ton : Vic xy dng cc cng thc tnh ton l ca ngi s dng Excel. Cng thc c xy dng ring cho tng bi ton c th * Cch to (xy dng) mt cng thc tnh ton : Mt cng thc tnh ton bt buc phi c bt u bi du bng (=). Sau du bng l cc thnh phn v cc php ton ca cng thc. Cc thnh phn ca php ton c th l hng s, a ch , hm ca Excel ... cc php ton ca cng thc c th l : + ; - ; * ; / ... * Sao chp cng thc tnh ton : Sau khi tnh ton xong cho dng u tin trong bng tnh, ta thc hin sao chp cng thc tnh ton cho cc dng cn li trong bng tnh. a con tr mn hnh n c cng thc cn sao chp i, sau a con tr chut n gc di bn phi 12

ca con tr mn hnh sao cho biu tng ca con tr chut chuyn thnh du cng (+), bm v gi nt chut tri trong khi di chut n nhng cn sao chp cng thc ti, sau th nt chut tri. * V d V d 1 : Cho bng tnh BNG IM A 1 STT 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 ... ... Yu cu tnh ton : B H Tn Lan Long Huyn Mai Tho ... C D E F Ton L Ha Tng im 7.5 3.5 6 ? 6 4.5 4.5 ? 5.5 6 3.5 ? 8 7 8 ? 9 8 5 ? G TB ? ? ? ? ?

- Tnh tng im cho mi ngi theo cng thc : Tng = Ton+L+Ha - Tnh im trung bnh cho mi ngi theo cng thc : TB = Tng im/3 Thc hin V d 1 V d 2 : Cho bng tnh BNG LNG THNG 3/2006 A B 1 STT H Tn 1 Anh 2 2 Ngc 3 3 Thnh 4 4 o 5 5 Hng 6 ... ... ... Yu cu tnh ton : C D E F Lng CB Ngy cng Thng Lng TT 500000 25 100000 ? 750000 20 50000 ? 780000 19 50000 ? 600000 21 750000 ? 700000 26 150000 ? G Thu Nhp ? ? ? ? ?

- Tnh tin lng TT cho mi ngi theo cng thc : Lng TT = Lng CB/26*Ngy cng - Tnh tin thu nhp cho mi ngi theo cng thc: Thu Nhp = Thng + Lng TT Thc hin V d 2 3.3. Tnh ton c iu kin Vic tnh ton trong 2 v d trn c gi l tnh ton khng c iu kin. Tnh ton c iu kin l vic tnh ton ch c thc hin khi tha mn iu kin cho trc. V d : - Nu s ngy cng i lm t 26 tr ln th t loi lao ng l "A" - Nu xp loi lao ng l "A" th tin thng l 200000

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- Cc php ton so snh K hiu php ton > < = >= <= <> ngha ca php ton ln hn nh hn bng nhau ln hn hoc bng nhau Nh hn hoc bng Khc nhau V d a>b a<b a=b a >= b a <= b a <> b Kiu kt qu logic logic logic logic logic logic

- Biu thc iu kin : L biu thc c xy dng da trn cc php ton so snh v cc hm logic. Do kiu kt qu cui cng ca mt biu thc so snh ch c th l logic (tc l ng hoc Sai). - Hm tnh ton c iu kin : thc hin tnh ton c iu kin theo mt iu kin cho trc ta s dng hm if(). * Ch : Cc hm trong Excel thc cht l cc cng thc tnh ton c Excel xy dng sn. Tn ca hm thng mang tnh gi nh v chc nng ca hm. Khi s dng cc hm ca Excel ta s dng nh cng thc tnh ton bnh thng (tc l phi c du bng u tin ) nhng phi ng theo c php ca tng hm. + Vit tt : Biu thc iu kin (BTK) + C php : =if(BTK, a, b) + ngha : Khi gp hm if(), u tin Excel t ng tnh gi tr ca BTK. Nu kt qu ca BTK l ng (TRUE) th hm if() tr li gi tr a. Nu kt qu ca BTK l Sai (FALSE) th hm if() tr li gi tr l b. Ch : Nu a hoc b l gi tr kiu ch (text) th gi tr phi c t trong cp du nhy kp. V d : "Gii" V d : Cho bng tnh BNG LNG THNG 3/2006 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... A STT 1 2 3 4 5 ... B H Tn Anh Ngc Thnh o Hng ... C Lng CB 500000 750000 780000 600000 700000 D Ngy cng 25 26 19 21 26 Xp Loi ? ? ? ? ? E F Thng Lng TT ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? G Thu Nhp ? ? ? ? ?

Yu cu tnh ton : - Tnh Xp Loi cho mi ngi theo cng thc : nu s ngy cng i lm t 26 ngy tr ln th xp loi "A", ngc li xp loi "B".

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- Tnh tin thng cho mi ngi theo cng thc : Nu xp loi lao ng l "A" th thng 250000, ngc li thng l 0 - Tnh tin lng TT cho mi ngi theo cng thc : Lng TT = Lng CB/26*Ngy cng - Tnh tin thu nhp cho mi ngi theo cng thc: Thu Nhp = Thng + Lng TT Thc hin v d 3.4. Nhm hm Logic Khi trong cu lnh if() cn kt hp t 2 biu thc iu kin (BTK) tr ln th ta dng cc hm logic AND, OR, NOT - Hm v logic C php : AND(BTK1, BTK2, ... BTKn ) ngha : Hm AND c dng kt hp nhiu BTK vi nhau. Hm AND cho kt qu l ng (TRUE) khi ng thi cc BTK c gi tr ng. Hm AND cho kt qu l FALSE khi ch cn mt trong n BTK c gi sai. - Hm hoc logic C php : OR(BTK1, BTK2, ... BTKn ) ngha: Hm OR c dng kt hp nhiu BTK vi nhau. Hm OR cho kt qu l sai (FALSE) khi ng thi cc BTK c gi tr sai. Hm OR cho kt qu l TRUE khi ch cn mt trong n BTK c gi ng. - Hm ph nh C php: NOT(BTK) ngha : o ngc gi tr ca BTK 3.5. Nhm hm s hc - Hm tnh tng cng theo hng hoc theo ct C php: =sum(a ch vng cn tnh tng) - Hm tm gi tr ln nht C php: =max(a ch vng cn tm gi tr ln nht) - Hm tm gi tr nh nht C php: =min(a ch vng cn tm gi tr nh nht) - Hm tnh gi tr trung bnh cng C php: =average(a ch vng cn tnh gi tr trung bnh cng) - Hm lm trn s thp phn C php : =Round(S cn lm trn, s thp phn cn ly) - Hm ly phn nguyn ca mt s thp phn C php : =Int(s thp phn cn ly phn nguyn) - Hm ct b phn thp phn ca mt s thp phn 15

C php : = Trunc(s thp cn ct b phn thp phn) - Hm ly cn bc 2 C php: = Sqrt(Gi tr hoc a ch cn ly bnh phng) - Hm m (ly tha) : C php: =Gi tr hoc a ch ^s m. V d mun tnh 23 ta vit : =2^3 3.6. Nhm hm x l ch (chui k t - text) - Hm ly di ca chui k t Ch : di ca chui k t l s lng k t c mt trong chui k c du cch C php: =Len(gi tr chui hoc a ch cha chui k t) - Hm chuyn chui ch thng sang ch hoa C php: = Upper(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t) - Hm chuyn chui ch hoa sang ch thng C php: = Lower(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t) - Hm lm chun dng chui k t C php: = Proper(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t) - Hm tch ly cc k t bn tri trong mt chui k t C php: =Left(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t, s lng k t cn ly) - Hm tch ly cc k t bn phi trong mt chui k t C php: =Right(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t, s lng k t cn ly) - Hm tch ly cc k t gia trong mt chui k t C php: =Mid(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t, n,m) Trong : - n l v tr ca k t bt u ly (tnh t tri sang phi) - m l s lng k t cn ly - Hm ct b cc du cch tha trong mt chui k t C php: Trim(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t) - Hm chuyn i t mt chui s thnh s C php: Value(gi tr hoc a ch cha chui k t s) 3.7. Nhm hm thng k - Hm m s lng cha gi tr s C php: =Count(a ch vng cha gi tr s cn m) - Hm m s lng khng rng C php: =CountA(a ch vng cn m) - Hm Large(a ch vng cha gi tr s, k) : Cho bit gi tr ca phn t ln th k trong vng .

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- Hm Rank(n, a ch vng cha gi tr s) : Cho bit gi tr ca phn t th n ln th my trong vng cha s. 3.8. Nhm hm iu kin - Hm tnh tng theo iu kin C php: = SumIf(Vng cha iu kin, chui iu kin, Vng cn ly tng) - Hm m s tha mn iu kin C php: =CountIf(Vng cn m, chui iu kin m) 3.9 Nhm hm thao tc vi d liu kiu DATE - Hm tch ly ngy trong mt gi tr thuc kiu DATE C php: = Day(a ch cha gi tr kiu Date) - Hm tch ly thng trong mt gi tr thuc kiu DATE C php: = Month(a ch cha gi tr kiu Date) - Hm tch ly nm trong mt gi tr thuc kiu DATE C php: = Year(a ch cha gi tr kiu Date) - Hm tch ly th trong mt gi tr thuc kiu DATE C php: = WeekDay(a ch cha gi tr kiu Date) Hm Weekday tr li mt s t 1 n 7 (1 l ch nht, 2 l th hai ... 7 l th by)

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3.10. Nhm hm tm kim 3.10.1. Hm tm kim theo ct * C php: = Vlookup(Gi tr cn tm kim, Vng iu kin, n, boolean) Trong : - n l s th t ca ct cha gi tr cn ly trong vng iu in - boolean c th nhn gi tr l 0 hoc 1. Nu l 1 th ct u tin trong vng iu kin phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn. Nu l 0 th khng phi sp xp. * Ch : a ch ca vng cha iu kin phi l a ch tuyt i * Hot ng ca hm Vlookup: u tin Excel t ng tm kim "Gi tr cn tm kim" trn ct u tin ca "Vng iu kin". Nu tm thy th n i sang cng hng nhng trong ct n ca vng iu kin, ly gi tr trong ny v tr v. Nu khng tm thy Excel s bo li #N/A. p dng : c th s dng c hm VLookup trong bng tnh ta phi thit lp vng cha iu kin cho hm VLookup, Vng iu kin ny c thit lp t bng d liu ban u. V d : 3.10.2. Hm tm kim theo hng * C php: = Hlookup(Gi tr cn tm kim, Vng iu kin, n, boolean) Trong : - n l s th t ca hng cha gi tr cn ly trong vng iu in - boolean c th nhn gi tr l 0 hoc 1. Nu l 1 th ct u tin trong vng iu kin phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn. Nu l 0 th khng phi sp xp. * Ch : a ch ca vng cha iu kin phi l a ch tuyt i * Hot ng ca hm Hlookup: u tin Excel t ng tm kim "Gi tr cn tm kim" trn hng u tin ca "Vng iu kin". Nu tm thy th n i sang cng ct nhng trong hng n ca vng iu kin, ly gi tr trong ny v tr v. Nu khng tm thy Excel s bo li #N/A. p dng : c th s dng c hm HLookup trong bng tnh ta phi thit lp vng cha iu kin cho hm HLookup, Vng iu kin ny c thit lp t bng d liu ban u. V d :

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Bi 4 : C s d liu trong Excel.

4.1. Cc khi nim Mi mt bng tnh trong Excel cn c gi l mt c s d liu. Mi mt ct (c tn) trong c s d liu c gi l mt trng (field), mi mt hng (khng c tn) trong c s d liu c gi l mt bn ghi (record). Trong c s d liu khng cha nhng hng rng (hng khng c thng tin). 4.2. Nhm hm c s d liu Trong Excel xy dng sn mt s hm dnh ring cho vic thao tc trn c s d liu. Sau y ta s xem xt mt s hm thng dng trong c s d liu. Cc hm thao tc vi c s d liu l nhng hm ch thc hin khi tha mn iu kin cho trc. Do s dng c cc hm ny u tin ta cn phi thit lp "vng iu kin" cn s dng cho hm. a. Hm tnh tng - C php : =DSUM(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn tnh tng, a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : Tnh tng ca cc trong "Tn trng cn tnh tng " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". b. Hm tm gi tr ln nht - C php : =DMAX(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn tm Max, a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : Tm gi tr ln nht trong cc ca " Tn trng cn tm Max " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". c. Hm tm gi tr nh nht - C php : =DMIN(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn tm Min, a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : Tm gi tr nh nht trong cc ca " Tn trng cn tm Min " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". d. Hm tnh gi tr trung bnh cng - C php : =DAVERAGE(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn tnh trung bnh cng, a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc trong " Tn trng cn tnh trung bnh cng " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". e. Hm m s cha d liu s - C php : =DCOUNT(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn m , a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : m s cha gi tr s trong " Tn trng cn m " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". f. Hm m s khng rng - C php : =DCOUNTA(a ch vng CSDL, Tn trng cn m , a ch vng iu kin) - ngha : m s khng rng trong " Tn trng cn m " (trng ny nm trong vng CSDL) tha mn iu kin trong "vng iu kin". 19

g. Tnh tng theo nhm trong c s d liu Gi s c CSDL sau

TT H Tn Chc V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
dng sau:
TT H Tn 3 5 7 10 2 6 9 1 4 8 C E G K B F I A D H Chc V

A B C D E F G H I K

TP NV NV PP NV NV TP NV PP PP

Ngy H S Tin PCCV Cng Lng Lng Ti V 24 3.25 300000 1050000 Hnh Chnh 26 4.65 0 1627500 o To 25 2.76 0 928846 Ti V 19 6.21 200000 1588327 o To 20 5.32 0 1432308 Hnh Chnh 26 4.32 0 1512000 o To 25 6.2 300000 2086538 Ti V 20 3.65 0 982692 Hnh Chnh 24 4.35 200000 1405385 o To 18 2.65 200000 642115 VCT

Thu Nhp 1350000 1627500 928846.2 1788327 1432308 1512000 2386538 982692.3 1605385 842115.4

Yu cu : Tnh tng tin lng, tin thu nhp ca mi ngi theo tng n v cng tc theo

VCT

Ngy H S PCCV Cng Lng 25 20 25 18 26 26 24 24 19 20 2.76 5.32

Tin Lng

Thu Nhp

NV o To NV o To TP o To PP o To o To Total NV Hnh Chnh NV Hnh Chnh PP Hnh Chnh Hnh Chnh Total TP Ti V PP Ti V NV Ti V Ti V Total Grand Total

0 928846.1538 928846.1538 0 1432307.692 1432307.692

6.2 300000 2086538.462 2386538.462 2.65 200000 642115.3846 842115.3846 5089807.692 5589807.692 4.65 4.32 0 0 1627500 1512000 1627500 1512000

4.35 200000 1405384.615 1605384.615 4544884.615 4744884.615 3.25 300000 3.65 1050000 1350000 6.21 200000 1588326.923 1788326.923 0 982692.3077 982692.3077 3621019.231 4121019.231 13255711.54 14455711.54

Thc hin: Bc 1 : Sp xp cc bn ghi trong c s d liu theo chiu tng dn (hoc gim dn) ca trng cn tnh tng theo nhm. - Cch sp xp cc bn ghi trong CSDL Chn CSDL cn sp xp cc bn ghi. M menu DataSort. Xut hin khung i thoi

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Trong khung i thoi Sort c cc la chn sau: - Sort by : Chn tn ct u tin sp xp th nht -Then by : Chn tn ct u tin sp xp th nh -Then by : Chn tn ct u tin sp xp th ba

Ascending : Sp xp theo th t tng dn

(t AZ)

Descending : Sp xp theo th t gim

dn (t ZA) Sau khi la chn xong chn OK kt thc. Bc 2: Thc hin tnh tng theo nhm Chn CSDL sp xp cc bn ghi theo gi tr ca trng nhm.. M menu DataSubtotals. Khung i thoi xut hin - At each change in : Chn tn trng sp xp theo nhm. - Use function : Chn hm cn tnh cho nhm - thng l hm Sum. - Add subtotal to : nh du ( ) ti cc trng cn tnh. ton theo la chn trong phn Use function - Replace current subtotals : Thay th tng tnh ton trc - Summary below data : Kt qu tnh ton c t di vng d liu. Sau khi la chn xong chn OK kt thc Ch : - Nu mun kt qu tnh ton cho mi nhm s c hin th trn mt trang th m li khung i thoi Subtotal, nh du ( ) vo la chn Page break between groups. - Nu mun CSDL tr li dng ban u th chn ton b CSDL. M li khung i thoi Subtotal, sau bm n chut tri ti nt lnh Remove All. 4.3. Lc d liu 21

Nhiu khi trong c mt c s d liu ln (c nhiu bn ghi) nhng ti mt thi im ta ch mun thao tc ring vi mt s bn ghi tha mn mt iu kin no . V d : Trong c s d liu sau BNG LNG
TT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. H v tn T Linh Kha L nh Dung Trn Dim Lc Trc Mai Lan Lim Hi ng Trn D V Tn N Vn i H M Nhn on T C L Thy Nh o Danh Tng Cao Bt Ha V Nhn Gian L Cao Kin Giang Bch Hu Chc V TP NV PP NV KT BV PP GD BV NV TX NV PGD TP BC Lng CB 1200 1800 1500 1300 1800 1500 1400 1600 1500 1800 1500 1800 1600 1300 1600 Ngy Cng 25 26 24 23 24 27 14 17 28 22 14 23 30 27 21 P.Cp C.V Lng Tm ng Cn li

Ta ch mun ly ra danh sch ca nhng ngi c ngy cng i lm t 25 ngy tr ln. Tc l ti thi im ny ta ch quan tm n cc bn ghi sau (cc bn ghi khc s phi tm thi n i). BNG LNG
TT 1 2 6 9 12 14 H v tn T Linh Kha L nh Dung Trn D V on T C V Nhn Gian L Cao Kin Chc V TP NV BV BV PGD TP Lng CB 1200 1800 1500 1500 1600 1300 Ngy Cng 25 26 27 28 30 27 P.Cp C.V Lng Tm ng Cn li

lm c theo yu cu trn, ta thc hin t lc (filter) trong c s d liu. Trong Excel c 2 kiu lc d liu l lc t ng (Auto Filter) v lc cao cp (Advanced Filter). a) Lc Auto Chn c s d liu cn lc bn ghi. M menu DataFilterAuto Filter. Gc trn bn phi ca mi trng trong c s d liu xut hin mt mi tn nh hnh di 22

Mun gi li cc bn ghi tha mn iu kin trn trng no. Bm n nt chut tri ti mi tn gc trn bn phi ca trng v chn iu kin trong danh sch xut hin

VD : Mun gi li cc bn ghi c s ngy cng bng 14. th thao tc ging nh hnh trn. Kt qu thu c

23

- Nu iu kin cn dng khng c trong danh sch xut hin (V d : cn gi li cc bn ghi c s ngy cng t 25 tr ln). Chn custom... Xut hin khung i thoi sau
la chn php so snh la chn gi tr so snh

Kt hp 2 iu kin bng AND hoc OR

Chn nh trong hnh trn, sau chn OK - Mun hin th li y cc bn ghi trong c s d liu. Bm n nt chut tri ti mi tn gc trn bn phi ca trng dng lc bn ghi, chn ALL trong danh sch xut hin. b) Lc Advance Trong lc t ng (Auto Filter) c mt s hn ch sau : - Cc bn ghi c lc ra vn nm trong c s d liu ban u - Ti a ch c th kt hp c 2 iu kin lc Nu mun s dng c nhiu iu kin lc (t 3 iu kin tr ln) v a cc bn ghi lc sang mt ni mi (khng thuc phm vi ca c s d liu ban u) ta s dng lc cao cp * Ch : Trong lc cao cp cn c vng iu kin lc. Do cn thit lp vng iu kin lc trc khi thc hin lc cao cp Thc hin lc : V d: a ra danh sch ca nhng ngi c s ngy cng t 25 tr ln 24

- Thit lp vng iu kin lc. Tn cc ct ca vng iu kin phi ging ht vi tn ct trong c s d liu.

Vng iu kin lc

- Chn c s d liu cn lc cc bn ghi. M menu DataFilterAdvanced Filter. Xut hin khung i thoi - List range : a ch tuyt i ca vng c s d liu. - Criteria range : a ch tuyt i ca vng iu kin. - Nu chn Filter the list, in-place : Cc bn ghi lc c s hin th trong phm vi ca c s d liu ban u. - Nu chn Copy to another location : a cc bn ghi lc c sang ni mi, th trong hp Copy to phi a vo a ch ca u tin trong ni mi, cha cc bn ghi lc c. Sau khi la chn xong, chn nt lnh OK thc hin. Kt qu nhn c nh sau

25

- Nu mun hin th li y cc bn ghi trong c s d liu ban u. M menu DataFilterShow All. * V d : a ra danh sch ca nhng ngi c s ngy cng t 25 tr ln v chc v l Bo v. Kt qu lc a sang mt sheet mi - Thit lp vng iu kin ging nh hnh di

26

Thc hin lc : M menu DataFilterAdvanced Filter. Xut hin khung i thoi La chn gi tr cho cc la chn trong khung i thoi Advanced Filter nh hnh bn. Sau chn nt ln OK kt thc

Bi 5 : Biu v in n trong Excel

5.1. Gii thiu Khi nhn vo d liu biu din mt qu trnh ca mt cng vic no . V d : sn lng sn xut ca mt mt hng trong mt nm. Th ta kh hnh dung ra s tng trng hay suy gim ca cng vic . d dng hnh dung ra s vic ta v biu ca n da trn d liu ca n. 5.2. Cc thao tc v biu 27

5.2.1. To vng d liu ca biu Nhp d liu bnh thng nh bng tnh thng thng. V d:

5.2.1. V biu Chn vng d liu ca biu . M menu InsertChart. Khung i thoi xut hin - Trong phn Standard Types: Chn dng loi biu cn v: - Column : Loi biu ct. -Bar : Loi biu thanh. -Line : Lai biu ng. ... - Trong phn Chart subtype : Chn dng th hin ca loi biu tng ng. Sau khi chn xong loi v dng biu chn nt lnh Next. Xut hin khung i thoi

28

- Data range : Chn a ch vng d liu ca biu - Series in : La chn tn th hin trn trc honh + Rows : Th hin theo tn hng + Columns : Th hin theo tn ct Sau khi la chn xong. Chn nt lnh Next. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

- Chart title : G vo tn t cho biu 29

Ca

30

5.2.3 Chnh sa biu a Chn biu a con tr chut vo trong biu cn chn. Bm n nt chut tri. Trn ng khung ca biu xut hin tm du ( ) l biu c chn. * Hy b chn biu : a con tr chut ra ngoi phm v ca biu chn, bm n nt chut tri.

b. Di chuyn biu trong bng tnh a con tr chut n cnh bt k ca biu . Khi con tr chut i dng thnh . Bm

v gi nt chut tri trong khi di chut ko biu n v tr mi (trong khi di chuyn biu con tr chut c dng ), sau th nt chut tri.

c. Phng to, thu nh kch thc ca biu Chn biu cn thay i kch thc. a con tr chut n mt trong tm du ( ). Khi con tr chut i dng thnh mi tn hai chiu ( d. Chn hoc sa tn ca biu Chn biu cn sa hoc chn thm tn biu . a con tr chut vo trong phm vi ca biu chn. Bm n nt chut phi, xut hin mt menu dc, chn lnh Chart Type. Xut hin khung i thoi Tn biu , , , ), bm v gi nt chut tri trong

khi d chut thay i kch thc ca biu . Khi c th th nt chut tri.

Tn trc X Tn trc Z Kt thc

31

e. Sa ch thch Bm i nt chut tri trong phm vi ca ch thch. Xut hin khung i thoi

- Thay i cc mu trong ch thch trong nhn Patterns - Thay i Font ch cho ch thch trong nhn Font - Thay i v tr ca ch thch trong biu trong nhn Placement f. Sa cc chi tit trong biu Mun sa chi tit no trong biu , a con tr chut n chi tit , bm i nt chut phi, xut hin khung i thoi tng ng vi chi tit . 5.3. In n 5.3.1. Ci t my in M menu Start Setting Printer and Faxes

32

Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Trong vng Printer Tasks bm n chut tri ti la chn Add a printer. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

33

Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

34

Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

- Trong khung Manufacturer : Chn tn ca hng sn xut my in - Trong khung Printers chn tn my in cn ci t Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

35

t tn cho my in (mc nh s ly tn chn trong phn Printers ca hp i thoi trc). Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin khung i thoi sau:

36

nh du () vo la chn No. Chn nt lnh Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Xut hin khung i thoi sau

Chn nt lnh Finish hon tt cng vic ci t my in. Kt qu xut hin nh hnh di

37

5.3.2. Thit lp trang in M menu FilePage Setup. Khung i thoi xut hin Trong nhn Page : Thit lp kh giy v hng trang in

Hng trang in

Xem bng tnh trc khi in

Chn kh giy Chn cht lng in

38

Trong nhn Margins : t l cho trang in

- Top : L trn ca trang in (thng l 2 cm) - Bottom : L di ca trang in (thng l 2cm) - Left : L tri ca trang in (thng l 2 hoc 3cm) - Right : L phi ca trang in (thng l 2cm) - Header v Footer : Phn to u trang v cui trang - Center on page : Canh bng tnh vo gia theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc + Horizontal : Canh bng tnh vo gia theo chiu ngang + Vertical : Canh bng tnh vo gia theo chiu dc * In lp tiu ca cc ct trong bng tnh Khi in mt bng tnh c di vt qu di ca mt trang, th ch c trang u tin l c tiu ca cc ct, cc trang cn li s khng c. in lp li tiu ct trn tng trang, m hp hi thoi Page Setup chn nhn Sheet. Xut hin khung i thoi nh hnh di

39

Bm n nt chut tri ti Rows to repeat at top, sau chn hng hoc cc hng mun lp li ni dung ca chng trn cc trang ca bng tnh. Chn nt lnh OK kt thc. Ch : Ta nhn thy s lp li tiu ca cc hng trong mn hnh Print Preview 5.3.3. Xem ni dung bng tnh trc khi in M menu FilePrint Preview hoc bm n chut tri ti nt lnh Print Preview trn thanh cng c chun, sau khi xem xong chn nt lnh Close quay v mn hnh son tho bng tnh. 5.3.4. Thc hin in Sau khi thc hin nh dng trang in xong. M menu FilePrint. Khung i thoi xut hin

C cc la chn sau : - Printer : Chn tn my in (nu ci t nhiu my in) cn in trong hp name - Print range (chn phm vi cn in) + All : in tt c cc trang bng tnh trong Sheet hin thi + Page(s) : In cc trang bng tnh la chn. Trong hp From g vo s th t ca trang bt u cn in. Trong hp To g vo s th t ca trang cui cng cn in - Print what (chn i tng cn in) + Selection : Ch in vng bng tnh c bi en + Active sheet(s) : In ni dung ca Sheet hin thi + Entire workbook : In ni dung ca Book hin thi Sau khi la chn xong. Chn nt lnh OK in.

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