Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BO CO TIU LUN
MN CNG NGH CH BIN HP
ti:
10351881
2. Hunh Th Thu Cc
10348381
3. Nguyn Th Dung
10350881
10339321
10309581
Lp : HTP6BLT
Hp B Kho
Page 2
Hp B Kho
NI DUNG
Phn m u; Chng 1
GHI CH
Chng 5: gm 5.3
Kt lun
Tng hp
Chng 2 gm 2.1; 2.2
2. Hunh Th Thu Cc
3. Nguyn Th Dung
4. Nguyn Trung Ngha
Chng 4
Page 3
Hp B Kho
MC LC
PHN I: M U__________ (MI)..........................................................................................................6
PHN II: NI DUNG.................................................................................................................................7
Chng 1: Tng quan v sn phm hp b kho.....................................................................................7
1.3.1.Chn bao b.................................................................................................................................9
1.3.2.Chun b bao b ng thc phm:.............................................................................................12
1.3.3.Thnh phn v trng lng tnh ca sn phm cho vo bao b ................................................13
Chng 2: Tng quan nguyn liu sn xut hp b kho.......................................................................14
2.1 Tht b______________________________________________(CC) .......................................14
2.1.1 M c .......................................................................................................................................15
2.1.2 M m .....................................................................................................................................16
2.1.3 La chn nguyn liu b ..........................................................................................................17
2.1.4 Kim sot cht lng tht..........................................................................................................17
2.3 Gng____________________(NGHA).........................................................................................18
2.4 C rt...............................................................................................................................................19
2.5 Hnh ty...........................................................................................................................................21
2.6 Ti...................................................................................................................................................22
2.7 S.....................................................................................................................................................23
2.8 t ....................................................................................................................................................24
2.9 Tiu .................................................................................................................................................24
2.10. Gia v ph gia_____________________(KHOA).....................................................................25
2.10.1.Mui.......................................................................................................................................25
2.10.2. ng...................................................................................................................................26
2.10.3. Bt ngt................................................................................................................................28
2.10.4. Polyphosphate.......................................................................................................................28
2.10.5. Bt b kho.............................................................................................................................31
2.10.6. Tinh bt Khoai m.................................................................................................................31
Chng 3: Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut hp b kho ..........................................................................33
3.1. S quy trnh cng ngh__________________________________(MI)....................................33
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh....................................................................................................................34
3.2.1. Nguyn liu_____________________________ (MI)............................................................34
3.2.2. R ng, ct nh tht b...........................................................................................................35
Page 4
Hp B Kho
3.2.3. p v massage.......................................................................................................................38
3.2.4. Phn loi nguyn liu rau c_______________________(DUNG).........................................39
3.2.5. Ra nguyn liu rau c............................................................................................................39
3.2.6. Bc v nguyn liu rau c........................................................................................................40
3.2.7. Lm nh nguyn liu rau c.....................................................................................................40
3.2.8. Chn___________________________________________(NGHA).....................................41
3.2.9. V hp.....................................................................................................................................42
3.2.10. Rt st bi kh.....................................................................................................................43
3.2.11. Ghp m____________________________________(CC)................................................44
3.2.12. Tit trng (cn xem lai tiet trung hay thanh trung).................................................................44
3.2.13. Kim tra hp sau thanh trng, lm ngui..........................................................................48
3.2.14. Bo n....................................................................................................................................49
3.2.15. Dn Nhn, bao gi, sn phm hp.....................................................................................50
Chng 4: My mc thit b.________________(KHOA)........................................................................51
4.1. Thit B Masage Tht :....................................................................................................................51
4.2. My Ct Rau C:............................................................................................................................52
4.3. Thit B Chn, hp:.........................................................................................................................53
4.5. My ra hp sau khi ghp m..........................................................................................................54
4.6.Thit B Thanh Trng :....................................................................................................................55
4.7. My in date:....................................................................................................................................56
4.8. My Ct Tht:..................................................................................................................................57
Chng 5: Sn phm.................................................................................................................................59
5.1. M t sn phm b kho -Yu cu thnh phm______________(DUNG).......................................59
5.2. Tiu chun hp b kho...............................................................................................................60
5.3. Cc dng h hng hp cch x l______________________(MI).........................................62
5.3.1. Cc dng h hng....................................................................................................................62
5.3.2. Cch x l hp h hng......................................................................................................65
PHN III: KT LUN..............................................................................................................................66
TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................................................................67
Page 5
Hp B Kho
PHN I: M U__________
(MI)
Trong thi i kinh t hin nay, con ngi hu nh dnh ht thi gian ca mnh cho
cng vic, nghin cu hay hc tp. H lun tm cch thch ng vi cuc sng hin i,
mi nhu cu i vi h phi c cn nhc, xem xt mt cch t m. i vi vic la chn
thc phm cng vy, khng th dnh c nhiu thi gian nu nng, chun b cc mn
n phc tp h cn c nhng loi thc phm c ch bin sn hay qua s ch. nh
c tm l , cc nh sn xut ch bin thc phm khng ngng ci tin lun c th
p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng. Hng lot cc sn phm hp
ra i t nhng ngun nguyn liu khc nhau. Mi sn phm u mang tnh c trng
ring v hng v ln hnh thc nhng mun tn ti v ng vng c trn th trng i
hi phi m bo c nhng tiu ch m sn phm a ra.
B kho ng hp l mt sn phm c th dng trc tip khng cn phi ch bin na,
c th dng km vi bnh m hoc cm. l mt mn n tin dng, nhanh chng v y
dinh dng. Tuy nhin y l mt sn phm gn nh hon ton mi trong lnh vc
hp nc ta, c ngi tiu dng chp nhn th cn c g khc bit so vi cc sn
phm khc. iu ny i hi cao t ngun nguyn liu, qu trnh sn xut ch bin, gi tr
thnh phn dinh dng. Bn cnh , cng nh tt c cc loi hp khc th an ton thc
phm rt c quan tm. Cn la chn ch thanh trng sao cho hp l, cc qu trnh
vn chuyn bo qun sn phm cng phi ch . hiu r hn v loi sn phm ny,
chng ta cng tm hiu bi bo co di y.
Page 6
Hp B Kho
Tm hiu v mn b kho:
Khi nhc n mn b kho th chc ai trong chng ta cng tng mt ln nm th n
Page 7
Hp B Kho
Page 8
Hp B Kho
Chn la ng chng loi bao b ph hp cho tnh hnh sn xut trong nc v xut
khu.
Page 9
Hp B Kho
lm hp st dy l: 0,2- 0,5mm
Hp B Kho
Silic: 0,08%
u im ca bao b st ty
-
Chu c qu trnh thanh trng m khng bin dng, tin li cho vic vn chuyn
v bo qun thc phm c lu hn.
Page 11
Hp B Kho
Giai on ra: Lm sch sau khi ngm bng cch dng lc c hc nh tia nc
mnh hoc chi, bn chi hoc ma st lm tri cn bn. Tu theo cu trc ca nguyn
liu, cn phi c phng php ra thch hp nhm trnh lm xy xt h hng nguyn
liu nhng vn t c hiu qu ti a. i vi nguyn liu, kch thc, hnh dng
thng khng ng nht nn qu trnh ra kh sch ng u, do vy phi ra li bng
tay. Vi hp st, thng cn nng sut ln nn hu ht cc nh my sn xut thc phm
s dng h thng ra bng my.
Yu cu v hp khi ra:
-
V hp phi c kim tra cht lng v phi c ra sch trc khi cho vo hp
Page 12
Hp B Kho
Trng lng tnh ca tng c hp ph thuc vo tng loi mt hng, c php sai s
t 1 - 3 %
Page 13
Hp B Kho
Acid amin
Hm
Lysin
Methionin
Tryptophan
Phenylalanin
Treonin
Valin
Leucin
Isoleucin
Arginin
Histidin
protid
8.1
2.3
1.1
4
4
5.7
8.4
5.1
6.6
2.9
lng
trong
S lng (g/100g)
Nc
70.5
Protein
18
Lipid
10.5
Page 14
Hp B Kho
Khong
2.1.1 M c
M c l phn c gi tr dinh dng cao nht. Cc thnh phn ch yu trong m c
gm: nc, protid, cc cht ha tan cha nit, cc cht ha tan khng cha nit, lipid v
cc cht khong
Nc
Nc trong m c c th chia lm 3 loi: nc lin kt mnh, nc lin kt yu v
nc t do.
Protein
Protein chim khong 80% cht kh ca m c v trong mc no n xc nh gi
tr thc phm, ch tiu ha l ca tht, cng nh nhng c trng v s thay i ca tht
trong ch bin.
Cc protein tham gia thnh phn m c chia thnh 3 nhm chnh: cht c, t c, mng
c. Mioglobin l mt thnh phn c quan tm nhiu nht trong s cc thnh phn ca t
c. l protein mang li sc t ca tht v thng chim khong 90% tng lng cc
sc t ca tht b.
Trong qu trnh ch bin tht, mioglobin c th chuyn ha theo ng hng khc
nhau. Khi ch bin nhit, cromoproteit bin tnh hnh thnh hemocrom v hematin. Trong
trng hp ny, mu ca tht chuyn t mu sang mu nu xm.
Mu c trng ca tht khi ch bin c bo v bng vic s dng nitrit.
Nitrozomioglobin, c hnh thnh do globin bin tnh khi nu s em li mu hng
cho tht.
T c bao gm miozin, actin, actomiozin, tropomiozin, troponin, trong miozin
chim khong 55%.
Page 15
Hp B Kho
Lipid
Hm lng lipid trong m c khong 3%
Cht ha tan
Gm nhng cht c trch ra t m c bng nc, bao gm hai loi: cha nit v
khng cha nit. Chc nng quan trng ca n l tham gia cc phn ng trao i cht khc
nhau v cc qu trnh nng lng t bo. S c mt ca cc cht ha tan v cc cht
chuyn ha ha hc ca n trong qu trnh t phn, trong a s trng hp to nn gi tr
cm quan ca tht.
Vitamin
Cc vitamin trong m c phn ln tan trong nc: viatamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin
B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B15, vitamin PP, biotin (vitamin H)
Nh vy m c l ngun cha vitamin nhm B.
Cc cht khong
Hm lng cc cht khong trong m c khong 1,0 1,5%. Trong tht c mt K, Na,
Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, P, S, Cl. Nhiu cation lin kt vi cc hp cht protid ca m c, mt s
dng t do xut hin sau khi git m. Ngoi ra trong tht cng c mt cc nguyn t ng,
cobalt, molipden,
2.1.2 M m
Hm lng ca cc thnh phn c bn (m, cht bo, m) trong m m ty thuc vo
tng vng trn c th con vt. Ngoi cc thnh phn chnh trong m m cn cha cc cht
mu, cht khong v vitamin.
V c bn, gi tr thc phm ca m m c to nn do cht bo, l ngun cung
cp nng lng. Cng vi cht bo, cng c mt cc cht sinh hc khc nh: acid bo
Page 16
Hp B Kho
khng no, phosphatid, vitamin ha tan trong du, sterin. S hin din ca cht bo trong
ng rut c vai tr quan trng trong vic tiu ha cc vitamin tan trong du.
2.1.3 La chn nguyn liu b
B l nguyn liu kh t so vi cc loi tht gia sc, gia cm khc trn th trng.
m bo tnh kinh t v ph hp vi phong cch mn n, nguyn liu tht b s dng trong
sn xut hp b kho l tht c ln gn b, khng s dng m.
2.1.4 Kim sot cht lng tht
nguyn liu c bo qun tt phi tun th nghim ngt nguyn tc qun l kho.
Phi kim tra thng xuyn khi nguyn liu c du hiu ch bin do cng h hng phi lp
tc tch ring ra. Cc ch tiu kim tra da trn bng Tiu chun nguyn liu tht ty son ra
2.2 Nc vy
Page 17
Hp B Kho
2.3 Gng____________________(NGHA)
Gng c danh php khoa hc: Zingiber officinale l mt loi thc vt hay c
dng lm gia v, thuc. C gng c v cay, tnh m, quy vo cc kinh ph (phi), t (l
lch), v (d dy), c tc dng tn hn, pht biu, long m, thng c dng cha cc
chng phong hn v kch thch tiu ha. Trong ng y, tu theo cch bo ch m gng tr
thnh nhiu v thuc khc nhau.
C gng ti
Gi tr dinh dng 100 g (3,5 oz)
Nng lng
80 kJ (19 kcal)
Cc bon hyrt
17.77g
ng
1.7 g
2g
Cht bo
0.75 g
Protein
1.82 g
0.025 mg (2%)
0.034 mg (2%)
0.75 mg (5%)
0.203 mg (4%)
Vitamin B6
0.16 mg (12%)
11 g (3%)
Page 18
Hp B Kho
5 mg (8%)
Can xi
16 mg (2%)
St
0.6 mg (5%)
2.4 C rt
Page 19
Hp B Kho
n c ca C rt, theo t l % c: nc 88,5; protid 1,5; glucid 8,8; cellulose 1,2; cht
tro 0,8. Mui khong c trong C rt nh kalium, calcium, st, phosphor, ng, bor, brom,
mangan, magnesium, molipden... ng trong C rt ch yu l ng n (nh fructose,
glucose) chim ti 50% tng lng ng c trong c, l loi ng d b oxy ho di
tc dng ca cc enzym trong c th; cc loi ng nh levulose v dextrose c hp
th trc tip.
Trong C rt c rt nhiu vitamin C, D, E v cc vitamin nhm B; ngoi ra, n cn
cha nhiu cht caroten (cao hn C chua); sau khi vo c th, cht ny s chuyn ho
dn thnh vitamin A, vitamin ca s sinh trng v tui tr.
Tnh v, tc dng:
C C rt v ngt cay, tnh hi m, c tc dng h kh b trung, yn ng tng, tng
tiu ho, lm khoan khoi trong bng. Ht c v ng cay, tnh bnh, c tc dng st trng,
tiu tch. C rt c cc tnh cht: b, tip thm cht khong, tr thiu mu (n lm tng
lng hng cu v huyt cu t) lm tng s min dch t nhin, l yu t sinh trng kch
thch s tit sa, lm cho cc m v da tr li. N cn gip iu ho rut (chng a chy v
ng thi nhun trng), chng thi v hn vt thng rut, lc mu, lm long mt, tr
ho, li tiu, tr giun v hn lin so.
C rt, ti
Gi tr dinh dng 100 g (3,5 oz)
Nng lng
Cc bon hyrt
9g
ng
5g
3g
Cht bo
0.2 g
Protein
1g
Vitamin A equiv.
835 g (93%)
- beta-carotene
8285 g (77%)
Page 20
Hp B Kho
0.04 mg (3%)
0.05 mg (3%)
1.2 mg (8%)
Vitamin B6
0.1 mg (8%)
Vitamin C
7 mg (12%)
Can xi
33 mg (3%)
2.5 Hnh ty
Phn ln cy thuc chi Hnh (Allium) u c gi chung l hnh ty (ting Anh l
onion). Tuy nhin, trong thc t th ni chung t hnh ty c dng ch mt loi cy c
danh php khoa hc l Allium cepa.Hnh ty l loi rau, khc vi hnh ta l loi gia v. Nu
nh hnh ta c th dng c phn l v phn c m thc ra c hnh ta rt nh th hnh ty
ch yu dng c. C hnh ty l phn r ca cy hnh ty. Hnh ty c h hng vi hnh
tm thng phi hay sy kh lm hnh kh. Hnh ty c ngun gc t Trung c
truyn qua bn chu u ri ti Vit Nam. Loi ny hp vi kh hu n i.
Hnh ty c gi l vua ca cc loi rau v hng v cay nng. Hnh rt giu
vitamin A, B, C v l mt ngun tim nng ca acid folic, canxi, pht pho, magi, crom,
st, cht x, kali v selen. Ngoi ra, cht quexetin trong loi rau c ny c tc dng chng
xy ho rt mnh.
V hnh ty cha nhiu rutin, rt c li cho vic lm vng bn thnh mch, d
phng tai bin xut huyt no. V cha cht phytonxit - mt loi khng sinh mnh, v th,
hnh ty c th dng tr cc bnh nh ho, x cng ng mch, c trng, tiu ng,
gip ng ngon, tr giun a, chng ng mu, chng vim, h huyt p, gim cholesterol,
chng to bn v y hi, li tiu v lm sch mu, cha tai, rng tc, tng cng min
dch, chng long xng, phng chng ung th rut kt
Page 21
Hp B Kho
Hnh: Cc c hnh ty
2.6 Ti
Ti l mt loi thc vt thuc h Hnh, ngha l c h hng vi hnh ty, hnh ta,
hnh tm, ti ty, v.v... v cng c con ngi s dng lm gia v, thuc, rau nh nhng
loi h hng ca n. Phn hay c s dng nht ca c cy ti l c ti. C ti c nhiu
tp. Tng tp ti cng nh c c ti u c lp v mng bo v. Ti sinh trng tt trong
mi trng nng v m. Nu mun bo qun ti dng trong nu nng, cn ct ti ch
kh ro th s khng mc mm. Khi nu nng cn b lp v bo v v vt b phn mm
ti thng mu xanh c th nm su trong tp ti. Ti c cho l c tnh cht khng sinh
v tng kh nng phng nga ung th, chng huyt p cao, m mu con ngi. Tuy
nhin cn bc v ti v trong khng khi mt lt ri n sng th s c hiu qu chng ung
th cao hn.
Page 22
Hp B Kho
2.7 S
Page 23
Hp B Kho
2.8 t
Page 24
Hp B Kho
Page 25
Hp B Kho
Vai tr ca mui :
-
Mui c kh nng xc tin qu trnh oxi ho cc thnh phn trong tht lm thay i
mu ca sn phm.
Page 26
Hp B Kho
m: 0,14%
ng kh: 0,15%
axit (pH) : 7
T l tro : 0,15%
( Tro thng c dng mui ca axit v c, hu c, mt phn c trong hp cht cao phn
t . Thnh phn ca tro l ; K, Na, Ca, Fe, Al, S, P,)
Vai tr ca ng :
-
Page 27
Hp B Kho
Hp B Kho
trnh bo
trong
dung
dch 1%
Pyrophosphate disodium
P2O7Na2
63.9
4-4.3
Pyrophosphates tetrasodium
P2O5Na4
53.4
10-10.5
Triphosphate pentasodium
P3O10Na5
57.9
>9.2
62.0
8.2-8.6
Metaphosphate
69.6
6.3-7.5
43.2
10.3
(PO4Na)n
Page 29
Hp B Kho
Vit Nam theo quyt nh s 760 2000 B thy sn cho php s dng
Polyphosphate ( sodium, potassium ) vi hm lng ti a cho php l : 5g/kg. Cn
Diphosphate ( di, tri, tetra sodium & tri, tetra potassium ), Triphosphate ( pentasodium,
penta potassium ) l 5g/kg i vi sn phm c phi l v 1g/kg i vi sn phm khc.
Liu lng cho php s dng trong ch bin thc phm l khng qu 0.5% trong
thnh phm.
Cc dng sn phm Polyphosphate trn th trng :
Natri Hexameta Phosphat :Dng trong hoc bt mu trng. Ha tan trong nc, dng
dung dch ny, chng s lin kt vi canxi v Magie c trong nc, v vy n c s dng
lm mm nc. N cng c s dng iu ch cc cht ty ra v keo Casein,
nh ha du n, trong ngnh nh, cng nghip sn xut phomat.
Kali Phosphat:c bit nhiu nht l dng Kali dihydro ortho Phosphat (mono kali
Phosphat) KH2PO4. Thu c t iu ch phn Phosphat vi Axit Ortho Phosphoric v
K2SO4. Dng tinh th khng mu, ha tan trong nc. c s dng lm men ru, trong
dinh dng cng lm nh lm phn ha hc.
Canxi Phosphat: Canxi Hydro ortho Phosphat (Di canxi Phosphat) (CaHPO4, 2H2O 1
hoc 2 H2O). Thu c bi tc dng gia CaCl2 (dung dch c axit ha) vi Di Natri
hydro ortho Phosphat. Dng bt mu trng khng ha tan trong nc, c s dng lm
phn bn, cng nh cht khong b sung cho thc n ng vt. Trong sn xut thy tinh,
lm thuc.
Page 30
Hp B Kho
2.10.5. Bt b kho
Page 31
Hp B Kho
sn phm c lin quan cng c ch bin t tinh bt khoai m nh si, bt vin, kem
sa,nc st , kem, cht kt dnh dng trong thc phm, bt qunh cho cc loi sp v.v
Page 32
Hp B Kho
Tht b ng lnh
R ng_ct
Gia v
Ra
Hp
p - Massage
Sy
Rau c
Ct - nh hnh
Chn
V hp
Rt st nng
St
Ghp m
Tit trng
Bo n
Hon thin
Thnh
phm
Page 33
Hp B Kho
Tip nhn:
-
Mc ch ca qu trnh tip nhn nguyn liu l kim tra cht lng ban u ca
nguyn liu u vo nhm gim nguy c h hng v nng cao cht lng sn phm
u ra.
Tip nhn tht b ng lnh t yu cu, loi tht khng t. Nu nguyn liu
cha c ch bin ngay th tin hnh bo qun lnh. Nu nguyn liu s sn xut
trc 24 gi th ch p , nu t 24-48 gi p bng nc v nc mui c
nng 2-3%, nu trn 48 gi th em cp ng.
Page 34
Hp B Kho
Kho nguyn liu rau c v gia v ph gia u phi kh ro, thong mt, sch s,
khng cn thng gi nhn to. Nguyn liu cng nh c rt, ti, gng, s cy th c
th ng, nguyn liu mm hn nh hnh ty th ng trong thng ri xp chng
thng ln nhau theo hnh zc zc.
Tht nguyn liu khi em v bo qun lnh trong kho lnh th vn phi c treo
cho cc khi tht trnh tip xc vi nhau, d ly ra khi s dng, trnh nh hng
ti nhng khi tht cha dng n.
theo: nng cao nhit ca tht n nhit theo yu cu trong qu trnh ch bin.
Qu trnh lm tan gi c coi l tt nht khi tht b khi phc c trng thi ban u
ca n.
Cch tin hnh:
Page 35
Hp B Kho
m: = 85%.
Thi gian r ng: 18 24h.
Nhit tm tht: (-4)oC n (-2) oC.
Kt thc qu trnh tan gi nhit tm khi tht t -10C, b mt tht kh, khng m t
trnh vi sinh vt.
Khng kh phi bo ho m tng truyn nhit v ngn cn s kh b mt lm xu
b sn phm, tn hao trng lng
Nguyn liu khi r ng thng c lp mng nhn bao ph bn ngoi, khi gp iu
kin thch hp vi khun s pht trin mnh. V th ta phi ra v lm sch nguyn liu
loi tr vi khun pht trin trong qu trnh ch bin
Bin i trong qu trnh r ng:
Vt l :
+ Tht khi tr ng thng c nhit tm t -18 0C -200C. Khi tin hnh r
Hp B Kho
phm.
Page 37
Hp B Kho
Cch tin hnh: tht c ct nh ra thnh khi c kch thc khong 3x3x3 (cm)
d nh lng v xp hp.
Bin i: Trong qu trnh ct ch yu l bin i v vt l:
Hp B Kho
1
60
2
Sau khi cho gia v p v th tin hnh massage tht trong thng quay, tht c mm v
gia v ngm vo d dng hn, to ra khi keo sau ny kt dnh tt hn. Mc khc
massage cn tht thm nc ti a khi vo hp v rt nc st th tht khng ht
nc, trnh lm lng hp. Nhit massage t 0 50C.
3.2.4. Phn loi nguyn liu rau c_______________________(DUNG)
Mc ch: phn loi nhm loi b nhng nguyn liu xu,h hng khng s dng
c: su, thi
Cch tin hnh: thng thng phn loi thc hin bng th cng s dng mt thng
quan st loi b nhng loi nguyn liu khng t yu cu.
3.2.5. Ra nguyn liu rau c
Mc ch: ra nhm loi b tp cht: mt phn vi sinh vt c trn nguyn liu, loi b
nhng tp cht dnh trn nguyn liu: bi, t ct bm xung quanh nguyn liu, mt
phn thuc bo v thc vt c th cn st li trn b mt ca nguyn liu.
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Hp B Kho
dng l NaOH c tinh khit 95% tr ln, hoc Na2CO3. thi gian ngm ra ph thuc
vo nhit v nng ca dung dch NaOH, khi ra xi th v bn ngoi s bong ra d
ging.
Nng NaOH thng s dng 1,5- 2%, nng v nhit ca NaOH cng cao
th qu trnh bc v cng d dng nhng khng nn cao qu s lm nguyn liu b
chn.Nhit ngm khong 85-900C, thi gian khong 50-60s. Sau khi ngm phi ra li
nhiu ln bng nc sch loi b ht NaOH, kim tra bng cch nh vi git ch th
Phenolphtalein khng thy xut hin mu hng.
Ngoi ra ta c th dng cch ch xt nguyn liu carot, gng ln b mt nhm ca
thit b lm cho lp v b mt trn nguyn liu trc ra ri dng nc xi i.
3.2.7. Lm nh nguyn liu rau c
Cch thc hin: gng, ti, s c bm nh to hng thm nhiu hn. Carot c
ct thnh ming c chiu dy khong 2cm m bo sau qu trnh tit trng th carot
khng b nh nt lm gim gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. Hnh ty em thi si theo
chiu dc b ngang khong 1cm.
Bin i:
Hp B Kho
3.2.8. Chn___________________________________________(NGHA)
C rt v hnh ty sau khi thi nh s a qua cng on chn.
Mc ch: kh khng kh trong gian bo, lm mm nguyn liu gip tng thm, v
hot enzyme lm bin i mu sc trong qu trnh tit trng gip n nh mu cho c
rt v hnh ty.
Bin i:
-
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Hp B Kho
C ch:
-
Trong thc vt, mng nguyn sinh cht l ro cn cho qu trnh ng thm vo bn
trong t bo. L mng nguyn sinh cht c tnh bng ultra m. Cc l mng nguyn
sinh cht nh n mc ch c cc phn t nh xu nh phn t nc mi c th i qua
c v i qua mt cch kh khn, cc phn t ln hn nh ng v mui khng i
qua c. Nu khng chn, sau khi thanh trng, mng nguyn sinh cht cn nguyn
vn v do mng ngn khng cho ng khuch tn vo bn trong t bo, lc ch
xy ra s mt nc ca t bo do thm thu, dn n qu b p li.
Chun b hp
Trc khi cho sn phm vo, hp phi c kim tra cht lng loi tr nhng hp
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Hp B Kho
3.2.10. Rt st bi kh
Rt st
Thnh phn
Nc
Mui
ng
Bt ngt
t
Bt nng
Ht iu du
Ng v hng
Bi kh
Hp B Kho
-
Yu cu: np hp cn phi ghp tht kn v cht khi thanh trng p sut chnh lch
gia bn trong v ngoi hp khng lm bung m ghp hay bt np khi thn hp.
3.2.12. Tit trng (cn xem lai tiet trung hay thanh trung)
Mc ch: Tiu dit cc vi sinh v enzyme sn c tng thi gian bo qun thc
phm. Qu trnh thanh trng ch nhm tiu dit cc vi sinh vt c kh nng pht trin
iu kin bo qun bnh thng, lm h hng sn phm hoc to ra cc c t gy
nguy hi n sc khe con ngi. Ngoi ra, vic thanh trng cn c tc dng lm tng
cng mi v ca hp, lm nh kt cu t chc ca thc phm v tng tnh hp dn
ring cho sn phm.
Hp B Kho
-
Khi lng ca tht trong qu trnh tit trng c th tng ln hoc gim i ph thuc
vo hut m v tch cht bo tht.
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Hp B Kho
Mc ch: Sau thanh trng lm ngui cn kim tra k lng phn loi, xp
hng cht lng c ch bo qun thch hp.
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Hp B Kho
-
hp sau khi ghp kn thng cn phi kim tra kn theo tng chu k ca thi
gian sn xut. Trong mt ca sn xut phi ly mu 2 3 ln kim tra kn. C th tin
hnh th kn ca hp theo mt trong cc phng php sau :
- Trng hp pht hin uc hp ghp khng kn trc khi thanh trng, cn phi iu
chnh my ghp kp thi v c th m hp ch bin li hay ch bin thnh cc sn
phm ph.
- Trng hp pht hin c hp ghp khng kn sau khi thanh trng, th cc hp
a i ch bin thnh sn phm ph.
3.2.14. Bo n
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Hp B Kho
Bin i:
-
Vt l:
o
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Hp B Kho
Volume(L) Tc
(KW)
2.2
(rpm)
750
5-36
180011701835
Trng Cng
lng
Sut
(Kg/h)
(kg)
600
300-400
Cng dng: lm mm tht, to iu kin cho dch mui thm u vo trong tht.
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Hp B Kho
Cu to: thit b ging nh my trn b tng -bn quay hnh qu trm, trong c gn dng
xon, bn c t nm ngang v quay quanh trc ca n. Ngoi ra thng c np y
ming, trn np c gn b phn ht chn khng, bnh lc khng kh v mt motor quay
bn.
Nguyn tc hot ng: cho tht vo bn y np li, ht chn khng, cho bn quay cng
chiu kim ng h nh motor. Bn trong my c cc cnh tay bng thp khng g
chuyn tht ln nh my ri tht ri xung va p vo thng.Trong qu trnh , protein
trong tht r ra, lin kt vi dung dch mui.
Nhit phng t my massage t 050C
4.2. My Ct Rau C:
Hnh: My Ct Rau C
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Hp B Kho
Mt u dng thi cc loi c hnh dng bng n: c ci, khoai lang, khoai mn,
sn, mng, hnh ty, cc loi c, cc loi c v.v.
Hnh dng: kiu dy, kiu mng, hnh trn , thi ch ,thi ming, thi vt, , thi ch.
Thng s k thut
Nng sut : 300 - 1000kg/H
in p : 110V/220V/380V 1HP+1HP+1/2HP 50/60HZ
Trng lng my :135kg
Kch thc : 11605301000mm
4.3. Thit B Chn, hp:
Thit b chn, hp c phn loi theo cc nguyn tc
- Lm vic gin on hay lin tc
- Trong chn khng, p sut thng hay p sut cao
Thit b thng c mt bng ti t trong thng cha nc hay phun hi, hi nc theo
ng phun vo thng hay phng hp, bng ti di chuyn vi tc sao cho khi qua thit b,
nguyn liu c chn t yu cu.
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Hnh:. My ra hp
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chnh v cc thit b o lng nh nhit k, p k, van an ton, van x kh, van cp hi,
cp kh nn, cp nc,... Thanh trng nhit cao khi lm ngui thng lm ngui
trong ni thanh trng v s dng p sut i khng phng trnh s n v ca hp.
Hnh: My in date
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Hp B Kho
Hnh: My Ct Tht
Thng s k thut:
Cng sut (kw) : 140
Tn s in p (Hz) : 50
in p (V) : 220
Kch thc (mm) : 503x280x38
Cng dng: ct ming tht c kch thc ln thnh nhiu ming nh sao cho ph hp vi
yu cu sn xut
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Hp B Kho
Yu cu ca my ct tht:
-
Dao phi ct tht m khng bt x chng ra, khng lm nc p trong tht chy ra.
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Chng 5: Sn phm
5.1. M t sn phm b kho -Yu cu thnh phm______________(DUNG)
5.1.1. M t sn phm b kho
-
Thnh phn: Tht b, hnh ty, ti, ng, mui, gng, c rt..
Hp B Kho
hp phi c nhn hiu nguyn vn, ngay ngn, sch s, ghi r cc mc : c quan
qun l, c s ch bin, tn mt hng, phm cp, ngy sn xut, khi lng tnh v
khi lng c b.
+ V vi sinh vt:
ng : 5 80 mg/kg sn phm
Ch : khng c
mui
+ V cm quan:
Hp B Kho
Cc loi vi sinh vt
Tng vi sinh vt hiu kh
coliforms
Clostridium perfringens, s vi khun
trong 1 g sn phm
. Clostridium botulinum, s vi khun 0
trong 1 g sn phm
Staphylococcus aureus, s vi khun 0
trong 1 g sn phm
E.coli, s vi khun trong 1 g sn phm
0
Tng s bo t nm men nm mc
0
c t nm mc: hm lng aflatocxin ca tht hp khng qu 0.005 mg/kg.
5.2.2. Ch tiu ha l
Bng: ch tiu ha l
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a( mg/kg)
0,0005
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Dietylstylbestrol
Testosterol
0
0,015
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Hp B Kho
Hp B Kho
Trong thi gian bo qun hp thnh phm, ta thng thy cc hp ng trong bao b
st ty, b n mn kim loi mt bn trong ca bao b, lp trng thic b n mn. Kim loi
nhim vo sn phm. Hin tng ny thng thy nhiu cc hp c acid cao.
Lng kim loi nng nhim vo sn phm, c th gy bin i mu sc, mi v ca sn
phm, v gy c i vi c th.
Qu trnh n mn, kh hydro thot ra lm cho hp b phng.
Nhit cng cao, s n mn kim loi cng xy ra nhanh. Ty thuc acid ca sn
phm, phm cht ca bao b, m hm lng kim loi nng tch t trong sn phm nhiu hay
t.
5.3.1.3. Do nh hng c l
Xy ra trong qu trnh thanh trng, bo qun v vn chuyn
a. hp h hng do sai thao tc thit b thanh trng
Trong giai on cui ca qu trnh thanh trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh, th to
thnh hin tng cng phng hp, c th b bin dng, h mi ghp. Do p sut trong hp
c to ra chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu.
b. hp h hng do bi kh khng
Trong qu trnh thanh trng bng nhit, cc hp bi kh cn li s dn n gy cng
phng hp. V hnh dng bn ngoi cc hp ny sau khi bo qun, thng thy b
phng nh, np hp c th n ln xung c.
c. hp h hng do xp hp qu y
Khi sn phm xp trong hp qu y, sn phm s dn n th tch khi thanh trng
bng nhit, lm cho hp b phng, hin tng ny d xy ra hn khi cho sn phm vo
hp lc ngui, thanh trng sn phm cng b dn n nhiu.
d. hp h hng v b mp, mo, r
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