CM BIN O LU LNG,

MC CHT LU
ng c Vng
IEP-HUST
I. Cm bin o lu lng
I.1. Lu lng v n v o, nguyn l o
Lu lng cht lu l lng cht lu chy qua tit din ngang ca ng trong mt
n v thi gian
Lu lng tnh theo th tch m
3
/s
Lu lng tnh theo khi lng Kg/s
Lu lng trung bnh trong khong At=t
2
-t
1
Lu lng tc thi:
Nguyn l:
- m trc tip th tch cht lu chy qua cng t trong mt khong thi gian xc
nh At.
- o vn tc cht lu chy qua cng t khi lu lng l hm ca vn tc.
- o gim p qua tit din thu hp trn dng chy, lu lng l hm ph thuc
gim p.
I.2. Cng t th tch
Nguyn l: o th tch cht lu chy qua cng t bng cch m trc tip
lng th tch i qua bung cha c th tch xc nh ca cng t.
Th tch cht lu chy qua cng t trong thi gian At=t
2
-t
1
Thng thng
Lu lng trung bnh
Lu lng tc thi
m s vng quay v chuyn sang tn hiu in:
Gii hn o: 0,01 250 m3/h; chnh xc: (0,5-1)%; tn tht p sut nh
Nhc im: - gy n khi lm vic; cht lng phi c lc tt
o lu lng dng kh
Cu to:
- V hnh tr (1)
- Cc cnh (2,4,7,8)
- Tang quay (3)
- Cam (6)
Hot ng:
-Khi cnh (4) v tr nh hnh v, p sut cht
kh tc ng ln cnh lm tang (3) quay, trong
qu trnh quay cc cnh lun tip xc vi mt
ngoi cam (6) nh cc con ln.
- Trong mt vng quay th tch cht kh bng th
tch vnh cht kh gia v v tang
-Chuyn ng quay ca tang c truyn n c
cu m t bn ngoi v cng t
Di o: 100 300 m
3
/h; cp chnh xc: 0,25 v 0,5
I.3. Cng t tc
Tc quay ca cng t
Trong thi gian t t
1
n t
2
Vi
Khi ng knh tuabin: 50-300 mm th phm vi o: 50-300 m
3
/h
Cp chnh xc: 1; 1,5; 2
o lu lng nh
ng knh tuabin: 10-40 mm
Phm vi o: 3-20 m
3
/h
Cp chnh xc: 2;3
I.4. o lu lng bng phng php chnh p
Nguyn l:
o gim p ca dng chy khi qua
mng ngn c l thu hp. chnh
p c xc nh thng qua p k vi
sai.
Gi s cht lng khng b nn:
p
1
, p
2
l p sut ngay trc v sau l thu hp
C:
Thng khng o m o
Lu lng khi lng ca cht lu:
Tit din:
Lu lng khi:
Lu lng th tch:
Vi cht lu chu nn: a thm h s hiu chnh c <1
S o lu lng bng phng php chnh p
I.4. Lu lng k in t
Nguyn l:
Da trn hin tng cm ng in t
o S cm ng vn tc, lu lng
w
B
ds
c
Cu to:
-ng kim loi lm bng vt liu khng
t tnh, mt trong ph cht cch in
- 2 in cc
- T trng: 10
-3
10
-2
T
Yu cu: dn in cht lng ~ Scm
-1
chnh xc ~ 1%; vn tc 0,6 -1 m/s
I.5. Lu lng k nhit
Nguyn l: Nhit lng truyn trong cht lu ph thuc lu lng v hng
dng chy
Lu lng ~ AT; di o rng. Yu cu: dng chy n nh
chnh xc: 0,5 -1%
Thi gian p ng: 2,5 150s ph thuc kiu ch to
II. o mc
II.1. Mc ch v phng php o:
Mc ch: xc nh mc v khi lng cht lu trong bnh cha
Kiu o:
- o lin tc: bin hoc tn s ca tn hiu o cho bit th
tch cht lu trong bnh cha
- Xc nh ngng: Cm bin a tn hiu dng nh phn cho
bit tnh trng hin ti mc ngng c t hay khng.
Cc phng php o:
- Phng php thy tnh dng bin i in
- Phng php in: da trn tnh cht in ca cht lu
- Phng php bc x: da trn tng tc gia bc x v cht
lu
II.2. Phng php thy tnh
Ch s o ca cm bin l hm lin tc ca chiu cao mc cht lu
II.3. Phng php in
II.3.1. Cm bin dn
Ch dng cho cht lu dn in o ~ 50Scm
-1
; khng c tnh n
mn, khng ln vn cch in.
- Ngun nui xoay chiu ~ 10V
- Dng in chy gia cc in cc t l vi
chiu di ca in cc b ngp trong cht lu.
ln tn hiu ph thuc vo dn ca cht
lu
- in cc theo phng
ngang
- Cht lng t ngng
th dng in I c bin
khng i.
II.3.2. Cm bin t in
- Cht lng cch in: T in dng hai in cc hnh tr nhng
trong cht lng hoc mt in cc kt hp vi in cc th 2 l
thnh bnh.
- Cht lng dn in: mt in cc bn ngoi ph cht cch in,
lp ph ng vai tr cht in mi.
c: hng s in mi cht lng
c
0
: hng s in mi khng kh
H
0
: chiu cao phn khng kh
H: chiu cao mc cht lng
R
2
: Bn knh tr trong
R
1
: Bn knh ngoi (thnh bnh)
S o cm bin t in
Sng siu m lan truyn trong kim loi, cht lng, khng kh
Cm bin siu m gm mt thit b pht sng v mt thit b thu
sng.
II.3.3. o mc bng cm bin siu m
o At, bit v v H ta tnh c H
2
.
H gm cc ngun pht quang (bc x ) v cc u thu
Khi nh sng (bc x ) qua cht lng s b suy gim. T vic thu
tn hiu xc nh c mc cht lng
II.3.4. o mc bng cm bin quang
III. o tc
III.1. Phong tc k kh
Dng o vc t tc ca khng kh trong mi trng t do
Phn loi:
- Phong k dy v mng mng
- Phong k chn v cnh qut
III.1.1. Phong k dy v mng mng
Nguyn l:
Dy kim loi in tr R nung nng ti nhit T bng dng mt chiu I
Cng sut P
j
ta nhit trn in tr P
j
=R(T)I
2
Cng sut trao i vi cht lu P
c
=hS(T-T
a
)
h-h s trao i nhit; S din tch b mt CB; T
a
- nhit cht lu
Khi c cn bng nhit P
j
=P
c
R(T)I
2
=hS(T-T
a
)
a,b: hng s ph thuc cht lu v cm bin
o R, T v bit a,b, S, T
a
U
U b a h + =
Cu to
S mch o ca phong k
Cm bin ng vai tr mt nhnh ca cu Wheatstone
Mch phn hi lm qun tnh nhit gim nhanh cho php o tc
bin thin n 100 KHz
III.1.2. Phong k chn
Nguyn l: Cht lu tc dng lc y lm quay cnh qut
Tc quay ~ vn tc cht lu
Lc tc dng ln bn cu 1 v 3:
3
k
1
v k
2
: h s lc cn ca hai bn cu
n: vn tc bn cu thi im xt
v: vn tc dng kh
: khi lng ring ca kh
Do cn bng F
1
=F
3
.
Nh vy v ~ n
Cch m s vng quay n ca cnh qut :
- Nam chm gn trn cnh qut,
Cun dy c nh trn v xung in
- CB quang in: cnh qut che nh sng
xung in
Phm vi o:
- Trong khng kh: 0,1 n 30 m/s
- Trong cht lng: 0,05 n 10 m/s