NHNG NGUYN TC TRNG RAU AN TON

Chng trnh trng RAT ang c chiu hng pht trin rng ri trn phm vi c nc, n nay c hng ngn ha vi nhng vng RAT ln nh: TP HCM, H ni, vnh long.iu ny cho thy RAT l yu cu cp bch ca c ngi sn xut, ngi tiu dng, nh qun l v ton x hi. Tuy nhin t c cht lng RAT, m bo sc khe cho ngi tiu dng, cng nh c c thng hiu RAT trn th trng. Th ngi sn xut RAT cn phi nm vng nhng nguyn tc sau: - Chn t: t trng c thnh phn c gii ph hp, t tht nh, t tht pha ct, PH t t 5,5 6,8, gi c m , gi nc v thot nc tt, t khng b nhim kim loi nng v vi sinh vt gy bnh, chn t cao, cch ly vi khu vc cht thi khu cng nghip, bnh vin v h thng nc thi sinh hot.

i vi t trng rau, k thut canh tc rt quan trng c bit l khu lm t, t phi c lm k, cy phi i, x l t trc khi gieo trng, ln lung cao, c h thng thot nc tt. - Nc ti: dng ngun nc sch nh: nc sng, nc ging , ngun nc thi qua x l. ti cho rau. Tuyt i khng c dng cc ngun nc b nhim, nc thi khu cng nghip, bnh vin ti cho rau. - Phn bn: Dng phn chung c hoai mc, i vi NPK cn phi bn cn i v hp l theo ch dn, khng c bn phn chung ti. - Ging: Dng ging sch bnh, ging khng bnh, phi bit r ngun gc xut x ca ging, nu l ging ngoi nhp th phi qua Kim dch thc vt, trc khi gieo ht cn phi x l ha cht hoc nhit phng tr su bnh ngay t u. i vi cy con trc khi em trng cn phi chn nhng cy con khe mnh, sch su bnh v phi c x l. * Bin php phng tr tng hp: - Thng xuyn gim st ng rung, kp thi pht hin su bnh phng tr.

- K thut canh tc: + Xen canh: Nn trng cc loi rau khc h hn ch su bnh hi pht trin nh: trng 2 -3 lung rau h hoa thp t vi lung c chua c th hn ch c 30 50% mt su t trn rung. + Lun canh: Trn cy rau c rt nhiu loi su bnh gy hi v vy chng ta khng nn trng thun mt loi rau trong mt thi gian di m nn trng lun canh cc loi cy trng khc h nhau gim ngun bnh tn tr hng nm nh: Trng mt v rau mt v la nc c th hn ch c nhng nm bnh tn d trong t + Ging: S dng cc loi ging khng, sch bnh l bin php quan trng i vi cc loi su bnh kh phng tr, hiu c c im tng loi ging, tng khu vc chng ta s a ra c mt bin php hiu qu nht chng hn nh: Ging ci ngt s 4 V- 101 thch hp trong ma ma t b bnh thi nhn, sng mai, thn th + By cy trng: Tm hiu c im ca mt s loi su hi ch yu trn cy rau v tin hnh trng xen mt s loi cy trn din tch nh hp dn, thu ht nhng loi su hi ti y v phng tr ngay, chng hn nh: Trng cy ci di hp dn su t.

- Bin php th cng: + Bt su non, trng, ngt b nhng l b bnh trong rung, to rung thng thong. + S dng by dnh bt trng thnh ca su t, b nhy, rp - Bin php sinh hc: + Bo v thin ch nh ong k sinh, b nga, di n rp duy tr s cn bng. + Nhn nui v th nhng loi thin ch k sinh c ngha iu ha s lng su hi nguy him nh ong k sinh Dialegma semiclausum trn su t - S dng by Pheromone gii tnh thu ht cn trng trng thnh vo by ri tiu dit hoc lan ta trn ng rung lm con ci b nhim lon Pheromone cng nh s giao phi ca chng. - S dng thuc sinh hc, thuc tho mc phng tr su bnh hi nht l giai on u v v giai on gn thu hoch nhm t nh hng n thin ch v d lng cht c trn sn phm.

Mt s thuc sinh hc nh BT, V- BT, Vertimec, Song m,Abamix, Ridomil gold, phng tr su t, su xanh, rp, bnh sng mai thuc tho mc nh Azadirachtin, rotenone dng xua ui, phng tr v gy ngn cho nhiu loi su hi khc. - Bin php ha hc: i vi thuc ha hc phi thc hin theo nguyn tc 4 ng + ng lc, ng liu lng, ng thuc, ng cch + Ch s dng thuc ha hc khi su bnh hi t n ngng phng tr + S dng lun chuyn cc loi thuc c c ch tc ng khc nhau nh tr su t s dng ln lt cc thuc sau: Spinosad/ Abamectin/ Fipronil. Tr b nhy: Fipronil / Thiamethoxam/ Profenofos..