Bai Bao Cao Nam

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP
NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT
MC LC LI NI U DANH MC HNH NH
CHNG I: AN TON LAO NG TRONG NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT (HSEHealth- Safety-Environment)...................................................................................................4 1.1 Mc ch: .....................................................................................................................4 1.2 Nhng ni quy trn cng trng:..............................................................................4 CHNG II: TNG QUAN NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT.................................9 2.4.1. Phn xng chng ct du th (CDU) (Phn xng s 011):...............................19 2.4.5. Phn xng Cracking xc tc tng si (RFCC) (Phn xng s 015)...................22 2.4.6. Phn xng x l LPG (LTU) (Phn xng s 016)................................................23 2.4.7. Phn xng x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (NTU)( 017)...........................23 2.4.8. Phn xng x l nc chua (SWS) (Phn xng s 018)......................................23 2.4.9. Phn xng ti sinh Amine (ARU) (Phn xng s 019).......................................24 2.4.10. Phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) (Phn xng s 020)....................................25 2.4.11. Phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU) (Phn xng s 021).................................25 2.4.12. Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU) (Phn xng s 022)................................26 2.4.13. Phn xng ng phn ha (ISOM) (Phn xng s 023)...................................26 2.4.14. Phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (Phn xng s 024)....................................26 CHNG III: PHN XNG RFCC-015 ...................................................................31 (Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking).......................................................................................31 3.1. Mc ch v cng sut ca phn xng:................................................................31 3.2. L thuyt cng ngh: ...............................................................................................33 3.3. S cng ngh ca cm thp phn tch chnh:.................................................45 3.3.1. Vng y thp:...........................................................................................................45 3.3.2. HCO section:.............................................................................................................46 3.3.3. LCO section:..............................................................................................................47 3.3.4. Khu vc MTC v Heavy Naphtha:............................................................................47 3.3.5. Khu vc nh thp:....................................................................................................48 3.4. S cng ngh ca cm thu hi kh trong phn xng RFCC:.......................49 3.4.1. Mc ch:...................................................................................................................49 3.4.2. Cc thit b v nguyn tc hot ng ca cm thu hi kh:.....................................49
KT LUN
Trang 1
Trang 2
DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1: Trang b bo h lao ng Hnh 2: Phng php cha chy Hnh 3: Phng php dng nc cha chy Hnh 4: Phng dng bt cha chy Hnh 5: Cc bin bo s nguy him trong nh my Hnh 6: S tng th v tr cc khu vc trong nh my lc du Dung Qut. Hnh 7: S t chc ca cng ty Lc Ha Du Bnh Sn Hnh 8: S t chc b my cng ty ty Lc Ha Du Bnh Sn Hnh 9: S t chc b my phn xng RFCC Hnh 10: S t chc ca cm phn xng RFCC/LTU/NTU/PRU Hnh 11: S mt bng nh my Hnh 12: S cng ngh ca nh my Hnh 13: Cm phn xng RFCC/LTU/NTU/PRU Hnh 14: S cng ngh ca RFCC Hnh 15: ng riser
Trang 3
LI M U CHNG I: AN TON LAO NG TRONG NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT (HSE- Health- Safety-Environment)

1.1 Mc ch: Hiu c nhng vn v sc khe, an ton v mi trng ti cng trng nh my lc du Dung Qut nhm: - Khng tai nn hoc thng tch xy ra cho ngi no. - Khng nhim mi trng - Khng cho thit hi, h hng cc thit b, dng c v ang s dng ti cng trng. 1.2 Nhng ni quy trn cng trng: - Khng ung ru bia v s dng ma ty trong cng trng. - Khng a gin nh nhau trong cng trng. - Ch ht thuc trong nhng khu vc c quy nh. - Vt d tha v rc thi phi c tch bit v sp t cho ph hp. Cc quy tc an ton trc khi ra field: - Phi c s cho php ca ngi hng dn. - Khng ht thuc l. - Khng mang theo thuc hoc bt la. - Phi mc qun o bo h lao ng. - Khng c chp nh. - Tt in thoi di ng. - Khng chm vo thit b, my mc.
Trang 4
Hnh1: Phng tin bo h lao ng. Cc mi nguy him trong khi lm vic: - Khi lm vic trn cao th phi c dy an ton, dy an ton phi c b phn gim xc. Nu nh lm cao >2m th phi c lp t sn thao tc v gin tho ch c lp dng v tho d bi nhng ngi c chuyn mn. - Khi lm vic trong khng gian hn ch c cc mi nguy him:
Hm lng oxy thp <19,5% Hm lng oxy cao >23,5% Cha cht d chy Cha cht c hi (H2S, CO) Mi nguy him v su.
Mi nguy him v vt l: ting n, m t, vt ri. Do vy bn phi: c hun luyn v lm vic khng gian hn ch.
Phi c giy php cn gi tr vo khu khng gian hn ch.
Ch nh mt ngi canh chng thng xuyn.
Thng gi cho khu vc khng gian hn ch.
Kim sot khng kh bn trong khu vc khng gian hn ch. Cung cp mt li ra vo ng tiu chun n khu khng gian hn ch. Trang 5
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP - Cc mi nguy him v in. Khi b in git:
Ct in ngay lp tc khi c ngi chm vo in. Dng bnh cha chy CO2 Cc bin php an ton khi lm vic vi cc mi nguy him v in: Khng s dng thit b h hng phn v dy cng. Trnh xa ngun in. T in phi c ng. Tip t cho tt c cc thit b in Cng tc hn: vt cn hn phi c tip xc tt trc khi hn.
Cu sao t ng ngt in. - Phng chy v cha chy: + Mt vt chy khi c y 3 yu t: oxy, cht chy, ngun gy chy.
Dy in c 2 lp bo v.
Hnh 2: phng php cha chy + Cha chy:
dng nc p tt m chy cht rn.
Trang 6
Hnh 3: phng php dng nc cha chy cht lng (du v cc sn phm du m) s dng CO2.
Hnh 4:phng php dng bt cha chy thit b cha chy bng bt: c 2 loi: BC dng cho m chy cht rn v kh. ABC s dng cho tt c m chy tr kim loi.
Khi lm vic vi ha cht: cn ch cc bin bo. - Mi ha cht u c bng d liu an ton ha cht (MSDS- Material Safety Data
Sheet). -Phi hiu c MSDS. -Ti ni lm vic lin quan n ha cht phi c MSDS.
Trang 7
-Mang thit b bo h lao ng cn thit theo yu cu.
Hnh 5: Cc bin bo s nguy him trong nh my
Trang 8
CHNG II: TNG QUAN NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT

2.1. Tng quan: Nh my lc du Dung Qut l nh my lc du u tin ca Vit Nam vi tng mc u t 2,5 t USD, c xy dng ti x Bnh Thun, Bnh Tr huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi. C tng din tch s dng khong 338ha mt t v 471ha mt bin. Cng sut thit k ca nh my l 6,5tr tn du th/nm (148 000BPSD). Nguyn liu ca nh my l 100% du th Bch H hoc 85% du th Bch H v 15% Du chua Dubai. Nh my c xy dng vi 7 gi thu chnh nh sau:
- Gi thu EPC s 1: Cc phn xng cng ngh (15) v ph tr (11). - Gi thu EPC s 2: Khu b cha du th. - Gi thu EPC s 3: Khu b cha sn phm, h thng ng dn v xut sn
phm.
- Gi thu EPC s 4: Phao rt du mt im neo v h thng ng dn du th
vo nh my.
- Gi thu EPC s 5A: chn sng. - Gi thu EPC s 5B: Cng xut sn phm.
-Gi thu EPC s 7: Khu nh hnh chnh v iu hnh Cc gi thu EPC s 1,2,3,4 do nh thu TECHNIP m nhn Mt bng d n gm cc khu vc chnh: cc phn xng cng ngh v ph tr, khu b cha sn phm, cng xut sn phm v phao rt du khng bn v h thng ly v x nc bin. Nhng khu vc ny c ni vi nhau bng h thng ng vi ng ph lin k.
Trang 9
Hnh 6: S tng th v tr nh my lc du Dung Qut. Din tch tng d n c tnh ton xp x l 338 hecta mt t, bao gm nh sau:
- Ton b cc phn xng cng ngh, ph tr v thit b ngoi vi: khong 110
hecta. - Din tch mt bin : 471 hecta

- Khu b cha du th v uc t: khong 42 hecta.
- Khu b cha sn phm: khong 44 hecta. Ngoi ra, khu vc cng xut sn phm s chim khong 35 hecta.
Trang 10
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.2. C cu t chc ca nh my:
2.2.1. S t chc cng ty TNHH MTV lc ha du Bnh Sn
Hnh 7: S t chc ca cng ty
Trang 11
2.2.2. S t chc b my cng ty lc ha du Bnh Sn:
Hnh 8: S t chc b my cng ty
Trang 12
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.2.3. S t chc phn xng
Hnh 9: S t chc phn xng Phn xng ang lm vic theo ch 3 ca 4 team. i vi phn xng RFCC ta c th hnh dung c c cu t chc nh sau:
Trang 13
Hnh 10: S t chc ca cm phn xng RFCC/LTU/NTU/PRU 2.3. Cc phn xng cng ngh v ph tr: Cc cm phn xng cng ngh: Cm phn xng 1A: Phn xng 012 x l Naphtha bng Hydro (NHT) (*) Phn xng 013 Reforming xc tc lin tc (CCR) (*) Phn xng 023 ng phn ha Naphtha nh (ISOM) (*) Cm phn xng 1B: Phn xng 011 chng ct du th (CDU) Phn xng 014 x l Kerosene (KTU) (**) Cm phn xng 2: Phn xng 015 Cracking xc tc tng si cn chng ct kh quyn(RFCC) (***) Phn xng 016 x l LPG (LTU) (**) Trang 14
Phn xng 017 x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (NTU) (**) Phn xng 021 tch propylene (PRU) Cm phn xng 3A: Phn xng 018 x l nc chua (SWS) Phn xng 019 ti sinh Amine (ARU) Phn xng 020 trung ha kim thi (CNU) (**) Phn xng 022 thu hi lu hunh (SRU) Phn xng 024 x l LCO bng H2 (LCO_HDT) (***) Phn xng 058 x l nc thi (ETP) Cm phn xng ph tr nng: Phn xng 032 h thng hi nc v nc ngng Phn xng 040 nh my in Cm phn xng ph tr ngui: Phn xng 031 h thng cp nc Phn xng 033 cung cp nc lm mt Phn xng 034 h thng ly nc bin Phn xng 035 cung cp kh iu khin v kh cng ngh Phn xng 036 sn xut kh Nit Phn xng 039 cung cp kim Phn xng 100 lc nc Reserve Osmosis (RO) Cm phn xng P1 Offsite Phn xng 038 h thng du nhin liu: k Phn xng 051 h thng b cha trung gian Phn xng 054 phi trn sn phm Phn xng 055 b cha Flushing Oil Phn xng 056 b cha du thi Phn xng 060 b cha du th Phn xng 082 phao rt du khng bn mt im neo (SPM)(Single Point Mooring) Cm phn xng P3-Jetty
Trang 15
Phn xng 052 b cha sn phm Phn xng 053 trm xut sn phm bng ng b Phn xng 081 cng xut sn phm Ch : (*): (**): (***): Theo bn quyn ca UOP Theo bn quyn ca MERICHEM Theo bn quyn ca IFP
Hnh 11: S mt bng nh my Cc sn phm chnh ca nh my:
Kh ha lng LPG (cho th trng ni a) Ht nha Polypropylene Xng Mogas 92/95 Du ha Nhin liu phn lc Jet A1 Diesel
Trang 16
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP Du t (FO).
Trang 17
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.4.
Tng quan mt s phn xng chnh: Hnh 12: S cng ngh ca nh my
Du th c bm t tu ch du qua h thng SPM qua ng ng phn phi, ng ng dn du th n b cha du th. Sau khi qua b phn tch mui, n lm nguyn liu cho phn xng u tin ca nh my phn xng chng ct kh quyn (CDU) v c gia nhit s b bng cc dng sn phm v dng bm tun hon trc khi vo l gia nhit. Ti y du th c phn on thnh mt s sn phm trong thp chng ct chnh da trn s khc nhau v bay hi tng i ca cc cu t trong du th. Sn phm nh t nh thp chng ct CDU c a qua cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC v sau qua phn xng x l kh ha lng LPG.
Trang 18
Dng Naphtha c a ti phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro v sau ti thp tch Naphtha, ti y dng Naphtha c tch thnh dng Naphtha nh v dng Naphtha nng.
Dng Naphtha nh t thp tch c a n phn xng Isomer ha
(ISOM)
Dng Naphtha nng t thp tch c a n phn xng Reforming
xc tc lin tc (CCR). Dng Kerosene t phn xng chng ct kh quyn c a trc tip ti b cha Kerosene hoc c s dng lm nguyn liu trn sn xut Diesel v du t, hoc n c a ti phn xng x l Kerosene (KTU). Ti phn xng KTU hm lng ca mercaptan (RSH), Hydrosulfide (H2S) v acid Naphthenic (RCOOH) c gim xung v nc b loi b. Kerosene x l sau c a ti b cha ti y n c s dng lm nhin liu phn lc JetA1. Dng du nh LGO t phn xng chng ct kh quyn c bm trc tip ti cc h thng pha trn Diesel v cui cng ti b cha ti khu vc b cha sn phm. Dng du nng HGO c bm ti b cha ti nh my, t n c bm ti h thng pha trn Diesel/du t. Do nguyn liu ban u l du th Bch H (du ngt) nn cn chng ct kh quyn c cht lng tt, lm nguyn liu cho phn xng cracking xc tc tng si (RFCC) - y l mt trong nhng phn xng quan trng nht ca nh my. Cc sn phm ca RFCC nh Heavy Naptha, LCO, DCO c em i phi trn cc thnh phm nh Mogas 92/95, Auto Diesel v FO, hoc lm du Flushing (du ra). n nh cc bn sn phm cng nh lm chc nng vn chuyn, cung cp, lu tr th nh my cn c h thng cc bn b cha (sn phm trung gian, thnh phm) v cc trm bm tng ng, v cc h thng ph tr khc. 2.4.1. Phn xng chng ct du th (CDU) (Phn xng s 011):
-
Cng sut thit k: 6.5 triu tn/nm (tng ng 148.000 thng/ngy trng hp du ngt v 141.000 thng/ngy trng hp du chua). M t chung :
Du th c a vo phn xng chng ct du th v c gia nhit s b bng cc dng sn phm v dng bm tun hon trc khi vo l gia nhit. Du th Trang 19
c phn on thnh mt s sn phm trong thp chng ct. Sn phm Naphtha nh c x l thm trong mt thp n nh v mt thit b tch. Cc sn phm ca phn xng chng ct du th gm c: Sn phm Ton b phn on Naphtha Kerosene Du nh (LGO) Du nng (HGO) Cn chng ct kh quyn (RA) i n Phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro (NHT) Phn xng x l Kerosene (KTU) B cha ( Qua h thng blending) B cha Phn xng RFCC
Sn phm nh t nh thp chng ct CDU c a qua cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC v sau qua phn xng x l kh ha lng LPG. Dng Naphtha c a ti phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro v sau ti thp tch Naphtha, ti y dng Naphtha c tch thnh dng Naphtha nh v dng Naphtha nng. Dng Naphtha nh t thp tch c a n phn xng Isomer ha. Dng Naphtha nng t thp tch c a n phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc. Dng Kerosene t phn xng chng ct kh quyn c a trc tip ti b cha Kerosene hoc c s dng lm nguyn liu trn sn xut Diesel v du t, hoc n c a ti phn xng x l Kerosene. Ti phn xng KTU hm lng ca mercaptan (RSH), Hydrosulfide (H2S) v acid Naphthenic (RCOOH) c gim xung v nc b loi b. Kerosene x l sau c a ti b cha ti y n c s dng lm nhin liu phn lc JetA1. Dng du nh t phn xng chng ct kh quyn c bm trc tip ti cc h thng pha trn Diesel v cui cng ti b cha ti khu vc b cha sn phm. Dng du nng c bm ti b cha ti nh my, t n c bm ti h thng pha trn Diesel/du t. Phn cn t CDU c chuyn qua phn xng RFCC nng cp ln thnh cc sn phm trung gian c gi tr thng phm cao hn.
2.4.2. Phn xng x l Naphtha bng hydro (NHT) (Phn xng s 012) -
Cng sut: 23.500 thng/ngy
Trang 20
-
Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP. M t chung: Phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro c thit k x l ton b phn
on Naphtha t phn xng chng ct kh quyn. Phn xng gm mt l phn ng xc tc tng c nh v tui th xc tc ti thiu 2 nm. Cc thit b s c lp t ti sinh xc tc. Sn phm Naphtha t phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro c dn trc tip n thp tch Naphtha. Kh thot ra t phn xng NHT s c a vo cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC v c lm sch bng qu trnh hp th bng Amine.
2.4.3. Phn xng reforming xc tc lin tc (CCR) (Phn xng s 013)
Cng sut: 21.100 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP M t chung:
Phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc x l nguyn liu Naphtha nng t thp tch Naphtha. Nguyn liu vo l phn ng c tip xc vi cht xc tc tun hon (s c ti sinh lin tc duy tr hot tnh xc tc). Dng sn phm t l phn ng c tch thnh dng hydrocarbon lng v dng kh giu hydro. Dng lng reformat c phn on sinh ra sn phm reformat v kh ha lng LPG cha n nh. Sn phm reformat c a trc tip ti b cha ti nh my lc du. LPG cha n nh c chia lm 2 dng : i qua b cha sn phm trung gian (Offspec LPG) v i vo phn xng LTU ( unit 016)
2.4.4. Phn xng x l Kerosene (KTU) (Phn xng s 014)
Cng sut: 10.000 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem. Cng ngh: Tip xc mng-si (Fiber-Film) M t chung:
Phn xng x l Kerosene c thit k gim hm lng mercaptan (RSH), hydrosulfide (H2S) v acid naphthenic (RCOOH) t nguyn liu l Kerosene chng ct trc tip sinh ra trong CDU. Xt tinh khit dng cho phn xng c cung cp t cc thit b bn ngoi vi nng thch hp. Phn xng x l Kerosene loi b ton b nc ra khi sn phm. Tiu chun sn phm t c bng chit mt giai on.
Trang 21
Sn phm t phn xng x l Kerosene c dn ti b cha, t b cha n c bn nh nhin liu phn lc JetA1 hoc s dng lm nguyn liu trn Diesel. Phn xng x l Kerosene to ra Kerosene p ng tiu chun nhin liu phn lc JetA1. 2.4.5. Phn xng Cracking xc tc tng si (RFCC) (Phn xng s 015) Cng sut: 69.700 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: IFP Ch vn hnh: Max Naphtha RFCC ( Ti a xng)
Max Distillat ( Ti a LCO )
M t chung:
Phn xng RFCC nhn trc tip phn cn chng ct kh quyn nng t phn xng chng ct kh quyn, hoc phn cn ngui t b cha. Cm chuyn ha v phn tch: gm c thit b phn ng, thit b ti sinh, thp chng ct chnh, thit b kim sot xc tc v cc thit b ph tr khc. B phn chuyn ha ca phn xng RFCC s ch bin ra cc dng sau:
Dng kh t c dn ti cm x l kh RFCC Dng naphta c dn ti phn xng NTU Dng du nh (LCO) c a n b cha v phn xng LCO-HDT. Dng du cn (DCO) c a ti h thng pha trn du t hoc bn
cha du t dng cho nh my. Cm x l kh RFCC: Cm x l kh RFCC gm c hai thp hp th bng Amine v mt thit b stripping x l kh nhin liu v kh ha lng LPG trc khi chng ra khi thit b v s s dng dng Amine sch t thp ti sinh Amine (ARU). Dng Amine bn s c a tr li ARU ti sinh. Dng kh t v sn phm nh t thp chng ct chnh c a ti cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC, s to ra cc dng sau:
Dng FG cha bo ha i ra t thp hp th bng Amine Dng hn hp C3/C4 c a ti phn xng x l LPG (LTU) trc
khi phn tch ra trong phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU)
Trang 22
Ton b dng Naphtha thu hi c a ti phn xng x l Naphtha
ca phn xng RFCC (NTU). 2.4.6. Phn xng x l LPG (LTU) (Phn xng s 016) -
Cng sut: 21.100 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem Cng ngh: Tip xc mng-si (Fiber-Film) M t chung :
Phn xng x l LPG c thit k lm gim hm lng mercaptan, carbonyl sulfide v H2S trong dng LPG bng thit b tip xc FILBER-FILMTM (hp th bng Amine) trc khi a ti phn xng thu hi Propylene. 2.4.7. Phn xng x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (NTU)( 017) -
Cng sut: 45.000 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem Cng ngh: Tip xc mng-si (Fiber-Film) M t chung :
Phn xng x l Naphtha c thit k lm gim hm lng mercaptan, carbonyl sulfide v H2S trong dng Naphtha bng thit b tip xc FILBER-FILMTM. Sn phm t phn xng NTU c a ti h thng phi trn xng hoc ti b cha light slop nu sn phm khng t cht lng. Xt sch nng thch hp c cung cp cho phn xng dng cho x l. Xt qua s dng t thp x l c dn ti phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) 2.4.8. Phn xng x l nc chua (SWS) (Phn xng s 018)
-
M t chung:
Phn xng x l nc chua (SWS) c thit k x l cc dng nc chua c trn t phn xng CDU, NHT, RFCC, LCODHT, h thng uc chua v CCR. Nc qua x l c a n phn xng CDU s dng tch mui hoc n phn xng ETP. Phn xng x l nc chua SWS c thit k vi lu lng nguyn liu 82.91m3/h v 74.2m3/h tng ng vi trng hp chy du hn hp v du Bch H. Phn xng ny c kh nng vn hnh vi cng sut t 40% n 100% lu lng thit k. Trang 23
Phn xng SWS c thit k t c tiu chun ca dng nc c cp mc 1.2 sau khi c x l nh sau : Tnh cht Hm lngH2S Hm lng NH3 Tiu chun 10 wt.ppm max (ASTM D4658) 50 wt.ppm max (ASTM D1426)
Nc chua t cc phn xng CDU, NHT v RFCC c a ti bnh n nh, ti y dng nc chua c tch kh v gt vng du trn b mt. Dng kh chua ny c a ti u uc t kh chua. Hn hp nc chua c bm qua thit b trao i nhit nguyn liu v sn phm y ti ct tch, ti y ammoniac v H2S ha tan c loi ra khi nc chua. Nc kh chua c lm mt bng dng nguyn liu v khng kh trc khi dn ti phn xng x l nc thi. 2.4.9. Phn xng ti sinh Amine (ARU) (Phn xng s 019)
-
M t chung:
Phn xng ti sinh amine (ARU) c thit k tch hyro sunphua ra khi dng amine bn quay v t cc thp hp th ca phn xng Cracking xc tc (FCC)v phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (LCOHDT), v cung cp amine sch tr li cho cc phn xng ni trn. Phn xng ARU thit k ti sinh 102,5 m3/h amine bn trong trng hp dng nguyn liu vo thp ti sinh amine cha 0,29mol H2S/mol DEA. Phn xng ARU c kh nng vn hnh trong khong 50% n 100% cng sut thit k ca phn xng.
Tiu chun sn phm Hm lng H2S Nng amine Tiu chun k thut 0,022mol/mol DEA 20% wt/wt DEA
Trang 24
Dng Amine bn t phn xng RFCC c a ti bnh n nh tch b cc hydrocarbon v kh khi Amine. Du ht ra c dn ti b cha du thi nh v kh chua c lm sch v dn ti h thng kh nhin liu. Dng Amine bn c a ti thit b trao i nhit gia nguyn liu v sn phm, ri ti thp ti sinh tch hydrosulfide (H2S). Kh chua t nh ct c ngng t v hi lu, v kh chua cn li nng cao c a n uc t kh chua. Dng Amine sch tch ra c lm mt bng dng nguyn liu v khng kh. Amine sch sau c x l bng tc nhn chng to bt v bm ngc tr li cc thp hp th H2S trong phn xng RFCC. Mt phn dng Amine c lc loi b tp cht. Trong trng hp phn xng dng hot ng, mt b c kh nng cha ton b lng Amine qua s dng . Amine sch c cha trong mt b nh b sung pha ch dung dch Amine ban u v dung dch Amine b sung. 2.4.10.
-
Phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) (Phn xng s 020) M t chung :
Phn xng trung ha kim c kh nng x l dng kim t phn xng x l LPG (LTU), phn xng x l Kerosen (KTU) v phn xng x l Naphtha sau cracking xc tc tng si RFCC(NTU). Ngoi ra, phn xng ny cn c kh nng x l dng nc kim t qu trnh ti sinh trong phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro (NHT). Xt thi c tch kh v sau c trung ha bng acid sulfuric. Nc mui trung ha c a ti phn xng x l dng thi. Kh chua sinh ra t phn xng c a n uc t kh chua. Cc dng a ti phn xng trn c s tng m v lin tc. 2.4.11. Phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU) (Phn xng s 021) M t chung:
Phn xng thu hi Propylene c thit k x l dng hn hp C3/C4 t phn xng x l LPG. Phn xng PRU s tch v tinh ch Propylene t c c tnh k thut ca loi Propylene 99.6% khi lng. Cm phn xng PRU gm c 3 thp chnh: thp T2101 tch C4+ ra khi hn hp C3-, thp T2102 tch cc kh C2- ra Trang 25
khi C3 v thp T2103 tch C3= ra khi C3. Sn phm Propylene t ct tch propane/Propylene tip tc c x l trc khi i qua khu vc PP (Polypropylene). 2.4.12. Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU) (Phn xng s 022) M t chung:
Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU) c thit k chuyn ho tt c cc hp cht ca lu hunh hin din trong dng kh axit nguyn liu thnh nguyn t lu hunh lng. Phn xng thu hi lu hunh bng phng php Claus (SRU) s c lp t dng cm. Phn xng s c cng sut x l 3 tn lu hunh/ngy x l kh acid t phn xng ARU, kh thot ra t phn xng SWS v kh thi t CNU. Kh acid t ARU c a ti l phn ng, kh thot ra t phn xng SWS v kh thi t CNU c a ti l t. Phn xng SRU c thit k vi nng sut 5 tn/ngy ca sn phm lu hunh lng tch kh, vi hiu sut thu hi lu hunh ti thiu l 95% ca lng lu hunh vo phn xng SRU. Nng pht tn cc kh NOx, SOx, v CO t l t ca phn xng s p ng tiu chun cht lng kh Vit Nam (TVCN 5939-1995.). 2.4.13. -
Phn xng ng phn ha (ISOM) (Phn xng s 023) Cng sut: 6.5000 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP M t chung:
Phn xng ng phn ha s c b sung to ra sn phm Isomate c ch s octane cao bng cch s dng nguyn liu l Naphtha nh x l hydro t phn xng NHT 2.4.14. -
Phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (Phn xng s 024) Cng sut: 1.320.000 tn/nm Nh cung cp bn quyn: IFP (Axens) M t chung:
Phn xng LCO-HDT s c b sung x l dng LCO t phn xng RFCC n c th c phi trn vo Diesel t, bng cch x l LCO bng hydro lm tng s n nh.
Cc cng ngh tin tin c s dng trong nh my lc du Dung Qut :
Trang 26
NMLD Dung Qut s dng cc cng ngh hin i, mua bn quyn cng ngh t cc cng ty rt ni ting nh UOP (M), MERICHEM (M) v IFP (Php), cho cc phn xng:
Cm phn xng x l bng hydro nguyn liu v phn xng Reforming xc
tc lin tc (NHT-CCR): phn xng CCR ny nhm nng cao ch s octane (RON) ca xng nng i ra t qu trnh chng ct kh quyn du th (CDU), lm phi liu phi trn xng thng phm. Mc khc phn xng ny cung cp mt lng H 2 dng cung cp cho cc phn xng x l bng H2 ca nh my nh NHT (x l nguyn liu cho phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc (CCR)). u im ca cng ngh UOP i vi phn xng CCR l tng hiu sut sn phm, kh nng ti sinh xc tc cao v yu cu v bo dng thp.
Phn xng cracking xc tc tng si nguyn liu cn (RFCC), s dng cng
ngh R2R ca IFP (Php) chuyn ha nguyn liu cn ca phn xng chng ct kh quyn (CDU) thnh cc sn phm nh: kh t (FG), kh ha lng (LPG), Gasoline, LCO, HCO + Slurry v cc. Phn xng bao gm h thng phun nguyn liu, thit b phn ng dng ng ng riser, h thng tch u ra ca riser, b phn tch cc hydrocarbon nh trn xc tc, bc thit b ti sinh th nht, bc thit b ti sinh th hai, b phn rt xc tc, cc ng vn chuyn xc tc, h thng iu khinCng ngh R2R c u im l lm tng linh ng ca qu trnh trong mt khong rng ca nguyn liu, tng hiu sut cc phn on nh nh gasoline, distillate ng thi gim hiu sut cc v kh nhin liu.
Cng ngh thit b tip xc di dng mng si fiber - film xy ra trn si kim
loi c s dng trong cc phn xng nh: phn xng x l Kerosene (KTU), phn xng x l xng Naphtha ca RFCC (NTU), phn xng x l LPG (LTU) v phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) nhm mc ch x l H2S v mercaptan c mi kh chu v gy n mn (KTU, LTU, NTU) v trung ha kim (CNU). 2.5. i nt v khu vc ngoi vi: Phao rt du mt im neo c thit k nhp du th trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng v du DO trong giai on khi ng nh my. Phao SPM c ng Trang 27
2.5.1. SPM:
knh 12m, chiu cao 5m trong phn chm l 3,75m. Cng sut ca phao SPM theo thit k 6000 tn/h. 2.5.2. Khu b cha du th: Hin ti c 6 b, tng lai xy dng thm 2 b. Trong khu b cha du th cn c h thng gi, b ng ng, trm bin p, h thng thu gop nc thi, h thng cp thot nc, h thng cp in cho trm bm v cc cng trnh ph tr khc. 2.5.3. Khu b cha sn phm: c 22 b H thng ng ng dn sn phm bao gm: h thng ng dn t nh my n khu b cha khong 7km gm 12 tuyn ng trong 8 tuyn ng sn phm, 4 tuyn ng ph tr v du cn; h thng ng dn t khu b cha sn phm n cng xut sn phm c chiu di 3km, c 15 tuyn ng bao gm 10 tuyn ng sn phm + 5 tuyn ng ph tr, du thi, nc dm tu. Trong khu b cha sn phm cn c h thng gi, b ng ng, trm bin p, trm cu ha, h thng cp thot nc, h thng cp in cho trm bm, trm x l nc thi v cc cng trnh ph tr khc. 2.6. Phng th nghim: Mc ch ca phng th nghim:
Ly cc mu cn th nghim t cc cm phn xng khc nhau, tin hnh phn tch thnh phn, nh tnh nh lng, nh gi kt qu ri gi kt qu li cho cc phn xng cc phn xng c bin php x l. ng thi vi cc loi nc thi, mun thi ra ngoi th phi c nh gi ca phng th nghim, m bo tiu chun nc thi mi c thi ra mi trng. Cc b phn trong phng th nghim:

Khu phng hnh chnh. Kho dng c th nghim.
Kho ha cht: Acid, kim v hp cht d chy n. Phng lnh: phng cung cp hi lnh cho h thng my lnh ca phng th nghim. Phng phn tch nguyn t: O, H, N, C, S. Phn tch bng thit b hin i.
Phng phn tch kh: c 10 my phn tch kh hin i nht. Trang 28
o hm lng S trong LPG (phn tch bng sc k kh)
o hm lng Nito tng trong xng v LPG (ppm) o hm lng hydrocacbon c trong xng (olefin, aromatic, parafine) Phn tch S tng c trong xng, LPG, DO Phn tch hm lng Cl tng
o O2 (<10ppm) trong dng kh N2, H2.
Phn tch kh trong nh my v LPG. Phn tch du th.

Phn tch CO, CO2 trong kh.
Phn tch hm lng HC lng trong xng bng phng php khi ph. Phng phn tch du th v sn phm du m Phng phn tch cc mu nc. Phng o RON. Phng ra dng c thit b lm th nghim bng tay v bng my. Phng lu mu B phn bo dng dng c v my mc thit b. 2.7. i nt v Nh my sn xut ht nha PP (Polypropylene) Thng 9/2006 Th tng Chnh Ph giao cho Tp on Du Kh Quc gia Vit Nam trin khai d n xy dng nh my sn xut ht nha Polypropylen di hnh thc t u t. V tr ca nh my: nm pha Ty Nam ca nh my lc du Dung Qut, vi din tch xy dng gn 16ha, d n ny c coi nh l mt phn xng ca nh my lc du Dung Qut vi tng vn u t 234 triu USD, cng sut 150.000 tn/ nm. Nguyn liu u vo l Propylene (mt trong cc sn phm ca nh my lc du Dung Qut) cng vi Hydrogen di tc dng ca cht xc tc, nh my sn xut ra trn 30 loi sn phm nha homopolyme, PP s dng cho cc ng dng khc nhau, p ng mt phn nhu cu th trng ht nha trong nc.
Trang 29
Ngy 15/07/2010 Nh my sn xut ht nha PP cho ra dng sn phm ht nha u tin sau hn 1 thng np nguyn liu v thit b ph tr, in t Nh my lc du DQ. Nh my PP trong iu kin hot ng n nh th s cho doanh thu t 170-200 triu USD/ nm, trong li nhun t khong 15-20 triu USD/nm gp phn nng cao hiu qu kinh t chung ca Nh my lc du DQ. 2.8. Cc k hiu mu ca ng ng trong nh my: o Mu hng
o Mu xanh nht
: hydro : kh iu khin v PA : HC : Hi nc : Nc : Ha cht : Nc ngng : Xt n da : Cha S : X kh
o Mu nu
o Mu o Mu xanh Green o Mu xm
o Mu Green Nht
o Mu Tm
o Mu Da cam o Mu en
Trang 30
CHNG III:
PHN XNG RFCC-015
(Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking)

3.1. Mc ch v cng sut ca phn xng: Cng sut thit k ca phn xng l 69.700 thng ngy (BPSD) (hot ng lin tc 8.000h/nm), x l cn chng ct kh quyn t cc loi du th sau: - Du Bch H - Hn hp du Bch H v du Dubai Phn xng RFCC c thit k x l c hai loi du th Bch H v du mixed crude vi t l du Bch H/du Dubai l 85% du th Bch H v 15% du th Dubai. Phn xng RFCC c kh nng vn hnh 2 ch khc nhau: + + Maximine RFCC Naphtha (Max Gasoline) Maximine LCO (Max Distillate)
Phn xng RFCC c th x l 100% du cn nng trc tip t phn xng CDU hay c th x l n 100% du cn ngui t b cha nh h thng gia nhit v thu hi nhit. Mc ch chnh ca phn xng craking xc tc tng si du cn (Residue Fluid Catalytic Craking) cng ngh R2R l chuyn ha nguyn liu cn thnh cc sn phm phn on nh, c gi tr nh: LPG, xng, nguyn liu Diesel (light cycle oil). Nh cc phn ng ha hc dng hi vi s c mt ca xc tc, cc phn t hydrocacbon mch di trong nguyn liu s c b gy thnh cc phn t mch ngn. Xc tc ti sinh nng cung cp nhit cho qu trnh cracking, lm bay hi nguyn liu du c nguyn t ha v to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh cracking nhanh v c tnh chn lc. S ha hi nguyn liu v cc phn ng cracking xy ra trong reactor-riser trong khong 2 giy. Cc sn phm ca phn ng nh kh t, du cn (slurry) v cc cng c to thnh trong reactor-riser. Phn ln cc thit b trong phn xng FCC dng cha xc tc, phn tch hi sn phm v tch cc khi xc tc, trong khi ch mt phn nh trong h thng c s dng trc tip cho phn ng cracking. Cng ngh RFCC ca AXENS kt hp 2 tng ti sinh xc tc, h thng phun nhin liu ng nht, dng iu khin nhit (mixed temperature control), h thng tch
Trang 31
cui riser v cc thit b phn phi khng kh, hi nc. Cng ngh thc nghim RFCC ca AXENS c th chuyn ha cn chng ct thnh sn phm vi linh hot cao. Phn thp chng ct phn tch sn phm hi t thit b phn ng. Cc sn phm gm du cn (clarified oil), LCO v xng nng. ti a sn phm xng, phn xng nng c trn vi xng nh t phn xng thu hi kh. ti a sn phm Diesel, phn xng nng s c trn vi LCO. Phn hi v lng nh thp chng ct c x l ti phn xng thu hi kh. Sn phm ca phn xng ny gm xng nh, kh t v LPG c x l amine.
Hnh 13: Cm phn xng RFCC/LTU/NTU/PRU
Trang 32
3.2. L thuyt cng ngh:
Hnh 14: S cng ngh ca RFCC

S dng xc tc tng si: vi xc tc dng bt mn l Zeolite loi Y (8-9Ao) trn
nn hot tnh (silica-alumine) c duy tr trng thi huyn ph v c ko theo bi dng hydrocacbon dng hi v hi nc TBPW hoc bng dng khng kh t cc TBTS. S dng xc tc tng si vi mc ch tng din tch tip xc gia cht phn ng v cht xc tc ng thi tng nhanh thi gian tip xc hn ch qu trnh to cc trong thi gian phn ng (2s trong ng riser). Cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh Cracking xc tc:
Cc phn ng Cracking nhit: cc phn ng ny l khng th trnh khi, n to thnh mt lng ln cc hydrocacbon nh trong phn on C1-C4 ng thi xng thu c c cht lng xu( ch s octan thp v n nh xy Ha km). V vy cn hn ch nhng phn ng ny.
Cc phn ng xy ra di s tc dng ca cht xc tc: cc phn ng ny xy ra vi s tham gia ca cc ion cacboni trung gian khng bn. Cc phn ng chnh xy ra theo c ch ny l: Phn ng isome ha
Trang 33
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP Phn ng ct mch v tr Phn ng chuyn v hydro Phn ng kh hydro Cc phn ng ngng t khc
S cng ngh ca phn xng RFCC: Phn xng ny c cc thit b chnh sau: Thit b phn ng, 2 tng thit b ti sinh, thit b phn tch sn phm, cm x l kh, h thng gia nhit nguyn liu, cm economize.
3.2.1. Nguyn liu v sn phm ca RFCC:

Nguyn liu ca RFCC l cn ca chng ct kh quyn t phn xng CDU (Crude Distillation Unit). Nguyn liu nng ly trc tip t CDU c nhit 115oC, nguyn liu ngui c ly t cc b cha trung gian c nhit 70oC. Trong ch du Bch H, qu trnh gia nhit cho nguyn liu c thc hin bi dng LCO pumparound, cc thit b trao i nhit s dng MP v HP steam v cui cng l bi dng slurry t c nhit cn thit ca nguyn liu l 2900C. Trong ch du Mixed Crude, khi 100% nguyn liu ti surge drum l nng, nguyn liu c gia nhit ti nhit 170C bi dng LCO pumparound. Ngoi ra khi mt phn hoc ton b nguyn liu l ngui th MP steam s c s dng gia nhit. 3.2.1.1 Tnh cht ca nguyn liu: 3.2.1.1A Tnh cht ca cn chng ct kh quyn:
Property Cut range, TBP Vol% on Crude Wt% on Crude API Gravity SG at 15/4C Nitrogen Sulphur Conradson Carbon Vanadium Nickel Sodium Viscosity @ 50C Viscosity @ 100C C Crude (Sour) Blend 370+ 46.6 50.0 26.95 0.893 1800 0.55 2.66 10.5 5 1.6 43.4 8.8 100% (Sweet) Bach Ho 370+ 47.3 50.1 28.9 0.882 1300 0.05 1.57 0 1 1.6 43.4 9 ASTM Test method
wt ppm wt%) wt%) wt ppm wt ppm wt ppm cSt cSt
D1266 D189 D2787 D2788 D445
Trang 34
Pour point Asphaltenes Wax content Hydrogen Neutralization No. Characterization "K" factor distillation, ASTM (D1160 @ 760 mmHg) IBP 10% 30%) 50%o vol% above @ 550C C wt%) wt%) wt%) mg KOH/gm C
50 2.0 N/A 12.7 0.05 12.58 52 1.0 41 12.84 0.05 12.78 D97 D128 D1018 D3242
263 379 435 475 32.4
262 379 437 480 32.5
3.2.1.1B Tnh cht ca off-gas t stabilizer ca phn xng CDU:
Dng kh ny ly t thp stabilizer ca phn xng CDU v a trc tip vo u ht ca my nn kh m ca phn xng x l kh thuc RFCC
Property Flowrate Composition N2 H2S
C1
kg/h mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol%
Crude (Sour) Blend 339.0

----
100% (Sweet) Bach Ho 291.0

---
C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5

C6+
6.3 37.0 14.3 40.6 0.4

---
0.7 4.8 22.7 16.0 53.5 0.4

---
H2O Total Molecular weight
1.4 100.0 50.6
1.9 100.0 52.6
Lu : cc thng s ca du trn da trn 100% du Dubai
Trang 35
3.2.1.1C Tnh cht ca off-gas t thp stripper ca phn xng NHT: Component H2O H2S NH3 H2
C1
C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5

C6+
Total
kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h kg mol/h (kg/h)
Content 0.13 0.32 Trace 13.17 1.69 1.37 0.83 0.06 0.40 0.14 0.10 0.63 18.84 (243) Crude (Sour) Blend 6206 0.565
--
3.2.1.1D Tnh cht ca dng LPG t CDU:

Property Flowrate SG at 15C Composition C2= C2 C3= C3 C4= iC4 nC4 iC5+ Total kg/h 100% (Sweet) Bach Ho 2071 0.572
--
mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol%
1.2
--
0.8
--
19.3
--
10.7
--
16.5 61.7 1.3 100.0
16.1 71.0 1.4 100.0
3.2.1.1E Nguyn liu t slops: Thp chng ct ca RFCC c th x l cc dng slops Slops nng: 5.000 thng/ngy Slops nh: 5.000 thng/ngy 3.2.1.2 Tnh cht sn phm: Sn phm ca RFCC:
Trang 36

Kh LPG Xng LCO DCO Tnh cht TBPcutpoints RVP(kPa) TBP cut point Flash point TBP cut points Flash point Max.Gasoline C5 - 205C Max.Distilate C5 - 165C 60 max 205 - 360C 165 - 390C 65C min 360+C 390+C 100C mini
3.2.1.2A Tiu chun chng ct: Sn phm Gasoline LCO Slurry
3.2.1.2B Phn xng x l kh: component C3 overall recovery C4 overall recovery C5+ content in LPG H2S content in LPG Value 95% mini 96% mini 0.7% wt max. 25 ppm wt max.
3.2.1.2C Tnh cht dng kh thi: (sau cm tch tnh in v DeSOx) Component NOx SOx Catalyst fines CO content Value 1000 mg/Nm3 max 500 mg/Nm3 max 50 mg/Nm3 max 300 mg/Nm3 max
Lu cm DeSOx s c lp t sau ny, v trong giai on u x l du Bch H hm lng Sox trong kh thi nh hn 500mg/m3. 3.2.1.2D Tnh cht kh t: Hm lng H2S: ti a 50ppm trng lng 3.2.1.2E Tnh cht du cn:(sau khi tch Slurry) Hm lng xc tc: ti a 100ppm khi lng 3.2.1.2F Tnh cht sn phm d tnh:
Trang 37
Case LPG Sp. Gr 15/15 Mercaptans wt ppm COS wt ppm Total sulphur wt ppm Butadiene wt ppm GASOLINE (C5 - 165C) Sulphur wt ppm RON clear MON clear TVP g/cm RVP kPa 15 Sp. Gr /15 D-86 IP 5 10 30 50 70 90 95 EP Olefins wt% Case GASOLINE (C5 - 205C) Sulphur wt ppm RON clear MON clear TVP RVP Sp. Gr 15/15 D-86 IP 5 10 30 50 70 90 95 EP Olefins Mixed MG 0.565 78 5.0 3786 3012
Bach Ho MG 0.566 7.1 5.0 332 1647 Mixed MD 0.565 78 5.0 4260 1358 230 92.0 79.5 498 48 0.719 35 43 47 60 72 91 129 144 159 43 Mixed MG 340 92.1 79.9 337 32 0.736 39 50 55 71 90 116 160 176 197 34 Bach Ho MG 10 91.8 79.6 363 34 0.732 39 49 54 70 87 113 159 175 197 35 Mixed MD Bach Ho MD 0.565 7.1 5.0 383 1063 10 91.7 79.2 531 51 0.715 34 42 46 58 70 89 129 143 156 45 Bach Ho MD
g/cm kPa
wt%
Trang 38
LIGHT CYCLE OIL (165 - 390C) Sulphur wt% Cetane number Cloud point Viscosity @ 100C Viscosity @ 50C Pour point Flash point Sp. Gr 15/15 D-86 IP 5 10 30 50 70 90 95 EP Case LIGHT CYCLE OIL (205 - 360C) Sulphur wt% Cetane number Cloud point C Viscosity @ 100C cSt Viscosity @ 50C cSt Pour point C Flash point C 15 Sp. Gr /15 D-86 IP 5 10 30 50 70 90 95 EP SLURRY (390+ C) Sp. Gr 15/15 Sulphur Conradson carbon Viscosity @ 100C Viscosity @ 50C Pour point SLURRY (360+ C) C cSt cSt C C
0.45 33.9 -1.8 1.02 2.05 -17.3 67 0.881 189 203 212 239 263 291 333 349 373 Mixed MG 0.619 24.4 -6.1 0.99 1.92 -12.8 76 0.926 188 221 230 245 263 287 323 336 353 Bach Ho MG 0.055 28.1 -5.3 0.97 1.88 -14.0 74 0.911 180 220 230 245 262 286 322 335 353 0.994 0.835 12.5 8.94 110 15-20 Mixed MD
0.04 38.4 -0.9 1.02 2.04 -18.9 67 0.864 189 204 212 239 264 292 334 350 374 Bach Ho MD
wt% wt% cSt cSt C
0.960 0.07 9.5 6.09 45 15-20
Trang 39
Sp. Gr 15/15 Sulphur Conradson carbon Viscosity @ 100C Viscosity @ 50C Pour point 1.092 1.03 15.7 14.5 160 15-20
1.043 0.10 12.7 11.1 140 15-20
wt% wt% cSt cSt C
3.2.1.2G Thnh phn ca LPG:

BACH HO BLEND MAX MAX MAX MAX DISTILLAT GASOLINE DISTILLAT GASOLINE E E LPG RATE LPG RATE LPG RATE LPG RATE 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 449 333 444 349 9 6 9 7 6 124 5 179 6 627 5 793 20 251 14 145 19 625 14 621 14 681 11 273 13 689 10 839 5 801 4 221 7 858 6 560 6 579 4 679 6 758 5 170 6 317 4 706 5 922 4 653 6 482 4 751 5 909 4 592 9 862 7 245 8 964 6 975 106 50 184 64 541 399 540 424 77203 56988 76530 60049
Component H2S H2 C1 C2 ETLN C3 PRLN IC4 NC4 IBTE 1BUTENE C2BUTENE T2BUTENE BD 20-50 TOTAL :
3.2.2. H thng phn ng: gm thit b phn ng (TBPW) thit b ti sinh (TBTS)
3.2.2.1. Thit b phn ng: Hn hp nguyn liu sau khi gia nhit s c bm n ng Riser v c chia thnh nhiu dng cn bng (6 dng) n cc u phun nguyn liu v trn vi MP steam phn tn i vo ng Riser. Ti y cc ht nguyn liu tip xc vi dng xc tc nng ngc chiu v ho hi nhanh chng. Dng nguyn liu ho hi trn u vi cc ht xc tc v b b gy thnh cc sn phm nh v c gi tr hn cng vi slurry oil, cc v kh. Dng hi sn phm i ln dc theo ng phn ng v mang theo xc tc. Thi gian lu trong ng phn ng vo khong 2 giy iu kin thit k. H thng bm nguyn liu c thit k mt cch c bit m bo cho cc phn ng xy ra mt cch hiu qu nhm gim thiu vic to thnh cc, kh v slurry oil.
Trang 40
Hnh 15: ng riser i vo ng riser c dng Backflush Oil t thit b phn tch chnh. Dng Backflush Oil c ly t dng HCO v Slurry sau khi qua Slurry Separator, dng ny c a li ng riser nhm thu hi lng xc tc b cun theo. Vng np liu xc tc c c im sau: Du nguyn liu c gia nhit trc khi a vo h thng phn ng. Nhit gia nhit nguyn liu v nhit ca xc tc ti sinh c iu khin t c mt t l ti u Catalyst/Oil. Cht th ng ha Antimory c phun vo hn ch cc nh hng khng mong mun ca Ni trong nguyn liu. Trong trng hp Emergency Shutdown, shutdown valves s chn dng nguyn liu vo riser v chuyn dng du sang b cha. Hi nc phn tn c cung cp cho mi u phun thc y kh nng phn tn v ha hi nguyn liu. Pha trn im phun nguyn liu, mt dng hi n nh (Stabilization Steam) c phun vo riser lm tng kh nng chuyn ng u v lin tc ca dng xc tc ti im phun nguyn liu. Mt c im ca cng ngh R2R l vic s dng dng MTC (Mix Feed Temperature Control). Dng MTC c phun vo ti im sau ca vng phun nguyn liu, s dng dng Recycled Heavy FCC Naphtha. Dng MTC ch c s dng trong ch vn hnh Mix Max Gasoline. Trang 41
MTC ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic gim st cn bng nhit lng v tng kh nng ha hi nguyn liu gim thiu sn phm coke khng mong mun do s ha hi nguyn liu khng hon ton. Mc ch chnh ca MTC l iu chnh lm gim nhit ti v tr ngay sau im np liu. iu ny gip tng nhit ti im np liu lm tng kh nng ha hi nguyn liu. Hin ti th phn xng RFCC ca nh my vi ngun nguyn liu l du Bch H th khng s dng dng MTC. Sau khi thc hin phn ng trong ng Riser, hn hp sn phm s tip tc i ln vng stripper bng hi nc MPS nhm tch cc hydrocacbon b ko theo hoc cn b hp ph trn b mt v l xp ca ht xc tc. Dng hi tip tc c i vo thit b ROSS (cu to gm 2 cyclon kn p ngc), dng kh sn phm v xc tc s i vo khong gia 2 cyclon v lc va p s c nhn i, xc tc nhanh chng c tch ra t hn hp hydrocacbon/hi nc ti ROSS nm nh ng phn ng. Qu trnh phn tch ny cn thit nhm ngn chn cc phn ng khng mong mun to ra kh t xng (hn ch phn ng to cc). H thng ny lm gim ng k thi gian tip xc gia xc tc v hydrocacbon sau ng phn ng. Sau khi ra khi ROSS, dng hi i qua cc xyclo nhm tch xc tc ra khi hi, v vy gim thiu lng xc tc mt i do cun vo sn phm. Hi sn phm t l phn ng cha mt lng nh cc cht tr, xc tc v hi nc, i vo vng np liu ca thp chng cht chnh. Mt lng nh xc tc trong hi sn phm i vo dng slurry y thp. Cc phn ng cracking xy ra trong thit b phn ng l phn ng thu nhit nn n xy ra thun li nhit cao, p sut thp. Do vy nguyn liu trc khi vo ng riser phi c gia nhit v tn dng nhit xc tc mang vo thc hin phn ng. p sut ca thit b phn ng s dao ng theo p sut ca thit b phn tch chnh v p sut ny khng c iu khin trc tip t cm phn ng m n c iu khin t mt thit b iu p trn bnh hi lu nh ca thp phn tch chnh. 3.2.2.2. Thit b ti sinh: S dng 2 tng ti sinh xc tc: m bo ti sinh hon ton xc tc, khi phc hot tnh ca cht xc tc, duy tr cn bng nhit trong phn xng nhng khng b ph hy thy nhit nhit cao, c mt hi nc v kim loi V.
Trang 42
Xc tc s dng sau khi c stripping chy xung ng xc tc s dng v i qua van trt xc tc s dng SV-1502 v i vo thit b ti sinh tng th nht. Qu trnh thi bng kh nhin liu (hoc nit) c thm vo ng dn xc tc nhng im khc nhau nhm duy tr t trng cn thit v cc tnh cht gi si ca xc tc s dng.
Tng th 1:
Thit b ti sinh tng th 1 (D-1502) t 50-80% cc trong mi trng thiu oxy, khi thi s cha nhiu kh CO v lng nhit ta ra t (T<730oC). Phn ng chnh xy ra tng 1: C + O2 CO + 2200 kCal/kgC Tuy c mt ca hi nc nhng nhit khng cao lm s hn ch c s ph hy thy nhit ca V. Lng CO sinh ra c a qua CO Boiler t thnh CO2 thu hi lng nhit ln v hn ch s nh hng ca CO i vi mi trng. Lng khng kh a vo h thng thit b ti sinh c ly t Air Blower. Thit b Air Blower hot ng nh cng ca tuabin sinh ra. Khng kh sau khi c qua thit b lc s b s c a vo Air Blower nng nhit ln > 200oC sau c cung cp cho thit b ti sinh tng 1, 2, air lift, withdral wel, trong cc ng ng dn xc tc t TBPW sang TBTS v ngc li, ng ng tho xc tc s dng. L ti sinh ny vn hnh theo ch dng ngc (khng kh t di ln v xc tc s dng t trn xung) gip cho xc tc khi b qu nhit. iu kin ti sinh c gi mc n ho nhm gii hn qu trnh lm gim hot tnh xc tc v nhit. Tng lng khng kh vo l ti sinh th nht c iu khin gii hn nhit tng ti sinh th nht cao nht l 730oC. Dng Torch Oil c a vo nhm mc ch trong giai on khi ng, phun dng Torch Oil cung cp nhit cho dng xc tc v hn ch qu trnh chy sau. i vi tng ti sinh th 1 ca nh my, nguyn liu du th Bch H nn lng cc to ra a qua qu trnh ti sinh khng t cung cp nhit cho dng nguyn liu do vy cn phi thm dng Torch Oil vo t, dng ny c trch mt phn t ngun nguyn liu sau khi gia nhit ca RFCC (trc khi trn HCO recycle).
Trang 43
Xc tc ti sinh mt phn i xung thng qua tng ti sinh th nht n im vo ca kh nng. Qu trnh thi khng kh ti khu vc ny c thc hin nhm m bo cho dng xc tc trong ng nng c trn tru. Cc xyclon hai tng tch xc tc khi dng khi thi i ra t tng ti sinh th nht. Ti u ra ca l ti sinh, p sut khi thi c gim xung thng qua van trt hai a SV-1503 iu chnh p sut ca l ti sinh. Khi thi s c s l h thng CO Boiler. Qu trnh rt xc tc lin tc rt cn thit nhm duy tr lng xc tc trong khong vn hnh bnh thng. Tng th 2: Cc cn li bm trn cht xc tc sau khi c t 1 phn tng ti sinh th 1 s tip tc c t hon ton tng th 2. Xc tc tng ti sinh th 1 c nng ln tng ti sinh th 2 thng qua Air Lift, b phn phn phi u ng nng phn phi xc tc v khng kh vo trong Air Lift 1 cch hiu qu. Sau xc tc s tip tc c ti sinh hon ton ti di 0.05% cacbon iu kin khc nghit hn so vi iu kin trong thit b ti sinh th nht. Rt t CO c to ra trong tng ti sinh th hai v oxy d c khng ch bi b iu khin lu lng khng kh vo thit b ti sinh th hai sao cho qu trnh chy c hon ton v hiu qu. Do phn ln hi nc c ly ra theo dng khi thi tng ti sinh th 1, do vy tng th ti sinh th 2, nhit ta ra ln >760oC nhng lng hi nc t nn hn ch c qu trnh ph hy thy nhit ca Vanadium. Xc tc c thu hi trong cc cyclon 2 bc s quay tr li thit b ti sinh pha di mc xc tc khi vn hnh bnh thng thng qua diplegs. Cc dip legs ca cyclon nm bn ngoi thit b ti sinh th hai. Khng kh c cung cp ti cc diplegs nhm to dng chy trn tru ca xc tc gi si. u ra ca diplegs c lp flapper (trickle) valve chng xc tc v kh i ngc vo trong cyclon. p sut ca thit b ti sinh th hai c iu khin bi double disc slide valve SV1504, thng qua b iu khin chnh lnh p sut PDIC-172 gia thit b ti sinh th nht v thit b ti sinh th hai. 3.2.4.H thng tn cha v vn chuyn xc tc. H thng tn cha v vn chuyn xc tc gm cc hoppers cha xc tc mi v xc tc s dng, cc thit b np xc tc v thit b tho lin tc xc tc cn bng. Ba Trang 44
hoppers c lp t l: D-1505 cha xc tc mi, D-1506 cha xc tc qua s dng v D-1507 cha xc tc hn hp. Mi hopper c cung cp mt cyclon v h thng sc kh y hnh cn tr gip cho qu trnh tun hon xc tc ti cc ng ng vn chuyn xc tc.
Np v rt xc tc khi hopper:
Xc tc mi v xc tc cn bng c vn chuyn bng xe ti. Xc tc mi s c np vo hopper cha xc tc mi D-1505. Xc tc cn bng c np vo hopper cha xc tc qua s dng. Qu trnh np xc tc c thc hin nh ejector s dng hi nc EJ-1501 gim p sut ca hopper. Xc tc s dng c tho khi hopper cha xc tc s dng D-1506 vo cc ti mm bng cch tng p sut hopper bng dng plant air. B sung v rt xc tc: Trong sut qu trnh vn hnh, xc tc mi s c t ng np vo phn xng tc mong mun s dng feeder np xc tc (X-1502 or X-1503). C th iu chnh c khi lng ca m xc tc v tn sut np xc tc. Lng xc tc np vo lun cao hn lng xc tc tn tht khi phn xng. Xc tc phi c rt ra gi cho tng lng xc tc trong phn xng l khng i. Hot ng ny c thc hin bng h thng rt xc tc X-1501 lp t trn thit b ti sinh th nht D-1502. Xc tc nng c rt ra, c lm mt thng qua finned tube v c a vo hopper cha xc tc s dng D-1506 nhit di 400C.
3.3. S cng ngh ca cm thp phn tch chnh:

3.3.1. Vng y thp: Dng sn phm phn ng t thit b phn ng c a ti thp tch chnh T1501. Dng slurry tun hon c bm bi P-1519A/B/C Slurry Pumparound Pump. Trong trng hp nguyn liu l du Bch H, phn ln nhit nng ca dng pumparound y c s dng gia nhit s b cho nguyn liu trong E-1501A/B v E-1502 A/B/C. Nhit nng cn li c s dng to ra hi nc cao p trong HP steam generators E-1504A/B v hi trung p trong MP steam generators E-1505A/B. i vi trng hp nguyn liu l du Mixed Crude , E-1501A/B v E-1502 A/B/C khng c s dng. Trong trng hp ny hi cao p c to ra trong HP steam generators E-1503 A/B/C. Trang 45
Phn chnh ca dng slurry pumparound sau khi c lm lnh c a tr li vng grid section (bed 5) lm gim nhit trc tip dng hi sn phm t thit b phn ng v lm ngng t slurry y thp. Mt phn slurry c lm ngui c quay tr li y ca thp tch chnh h nhit y TIC- 439 (dng quench) xung khong 340C gim thiu hin tng to cc. Mt phn ca dng slurry ny c ly qua b iu khin dng t u ra ca E-1502A/B/C hoc t u ra ca E-1503A/B/C, ty vo ch vn hnh. Phn cn li ca dng quench c ly t u ra ca E-1505A/B qua b iu khin dng nhn gi tr setpoint t b iu khin nhit ra y thp T-1501. Dng sn phm slurry c ly t u ra ca thit b sn xut hi trung p E1505 A/B v chy ti thng cha D-1515. Sn phm slurry c bm bi bm P-1504 A/B v c lm ngui trong thit b to hi nc thp p E-1506 A/B v sau i ti thit b tch X-1504 loi b cc ht xc tc mn. Clarified Oil ri khi thit b tch c lm ngui trong cc thit b lm mt bng nc m E-1507 A/B/C/D trc khi i ti b cha. Thit b tch slurry X-1504 bao gm 10 thit b lm vic mt cch t ng v tun t. Mi thit b c thi ra bi bm P-1505 A/B s dng HCO t thng cha D-1516. Du sau khi thi ra cun theo cc ht xc tc c tun hon tr li riser ca thit b phn ng bi bm P-1506 A/Bvi lu lng khng i. 3.3.2. HCO section: Nhit c tn dng trit trong khu vc HCO pumparound. Du HCO cho flushing v HCO tun hon cng c ly t khu vc ny. Dng HCO pumparound c tun hon bi bm P-1508 A/B v c lm ngui trong reboiler E-1560A/B ca debutanizer, trong reboiler E-1509 ca heavy naphtha stripper v trong thit b sn xut hi trung p E-1523. Du HCO s dng lm flushing oil c stripping trong HCO stripper T-1504 bng cch iu khin dng hi nc thp p np vo y thp. Hi HC nh stripper c quay tr li thp T-1501 pha bn trn im rt dng pumparound - Bed 3. HCO c tch phn HC nh c bm bi bm P-1509 A/B v c lm ngui trong thit b sn xut hi thp p E-1510.
Trang 46
Mt phn ca dng HCO ny c a n thng tip nhn du Backflush D1516. i vi ch vn hnh max distillate, du HCO c tun hon v ha vo nguyn liu cho thit b phn ng. Dng HCO ny c vn chuyn bi bm P-1507 A/B, sau khi trao i nhit trong thit b sn xut hi trung p E-1508, s c trn vi nguyn liu ngay trc im o nhit nguyn liu. 3.3.3. LCO section: Khu vc ny ca thp bao gm 6 a tch, t a 25 ti a 30 v mt lp m, Bed 2. Dng LCO pumparound c rt ra khi a rt v c tun hon bi bm P1510 A/B v lm ngui trong reboiler E-1557ca thp stripper, trong cc thit b gia nhit s b cho nguyn liu E-1512 A/B/C/D v trong thit b gia nhit cho BFW E1511. Lu lng tng c duy tr khng i bi dng bypass v qu trnh lm ngui c iu khin bi dng i qua E-1511. Mt phn ca dng LCO pumparound t a rt c np ti thp LCO Stripper T-1503 di s kim sot ca b iu khin mc LIC-436 ca y thp ny. LCO c stripped bi dng hi nc thp p c iu khin bi b iu khin dng FIC-452. Hi nh thp c cho quay tr li thp tch chnh T-1501 trn im rt dng pumparound- Bed 2. LCO sau khi c tch phn HC nh c bm bi P-1511 A/B v lm ngui trong thit b sn xut hi thp p E-1513 v tip tc c lm ngui trong thit b trao i nhit vi khng kh E-1514 trc khi i ti phn xng x l LCO bng hydro hoc i vo b cha. i vi ch vn hnh max gasoline th lng LCO ny chnh l tng lng LCO thnh phm. i vi ch max distillate, heavy naphtha c trn vi dng ny trc khi c gi ti phn xng x l bng hydro. 3.3.4. Khu vc MTC v Heavy Naphtha: Khu vc ny bao gm 14 a, t a s11 n a s 24 v lp m s 1 - heavy naphtha pumparound bed. Dng MTC c rt ra t a s 19. Dng MTC (Mix Temperature Control) c thnh phn nm gia phn on nh ca dng LCO v phn on nng ca heavy naphtha. Phn on ny c np li riser trong ch vn hnh Max Gasoline khi x l nguyn liu l du Mixed Crude. Dng MTC c vn chuyn bi bm P-1512 A/B ti cc u phun vo riser c lu lng c iu khin bi FIC009 (FIC-010A/B/C/D).
Trang 47
Dng heavy naphtha pumparound rt ra t a rt bn di lp m v c tun hon bi bm P-1514 A/B. Dng ny c lm ngui bi thit b gia nhit s b nguyn liu i vo thp Stripper E-1555, thit b trao i nhit bng khng kh E-1521 v c dng gia nhit cho reboiler trong phn xng thu hi propylen (PRU). Air cooler E-1521 c thit k cho trng hp khi phn xng PRU khng hot ng. Tng lu lng pumparound c duy tr khng i bi b iu khin lu lng bypass FIC- 412 v nhit lng trao i c kim sot bi b iu khin nhit TIC-430 trn dng i qua E-1521. Mt phn ca dng heavy naphtha pumparound c np ti thp Heavy Naphtha Stripper v c iu khin bng b LIC-439 iu khin mc y thp T1502. Thp stripper ny c un si li bi dng HCO pumparound trong reboiler E1509. Hi nh thp c a tr li thp T-1501 pha trn ca pumparound bed. Heavy naphtha sau khi c loi b cc HC nh c vn chuyn bng bm P-1515 A/B. Trc tin Heavy naphtha c lm ngui ti thit b gia nhit s b cho nc ni hi cao p trong E-1516 v sau trong thit b trao i nhit vi khng kh E-1517 v trong thit b lm mt bng nc E-1518. i vi ch vn hnh max LCO, dng heavy naphtha c trn vi LCO. i vi ch vn hnh max gasoline, dng ny c trn vi sn phm y ca thp debutanizer trong cm thu hi kh. Heavy naphtha cng c s dng lm cht hp th (lean oil) trong thp hp th th cp ca cm thu hi kh. Dng lean oil ny c vn chuyn bi bm P-1513 A/B vi lu lng c iu khin bi FIC-718 trong cm thu hi kh. Ti y trc tin dng lean oil c lm ngui trong thit b trao i nhit Lean Oil / Rich Oil E-1563 sau l trong thit b lm mt Lean Oil Cooler E-1564. 3.3.5. Khu vc nh thp: Khu vc ny ca thp T-1501 bao gm 10 a tch t a s 1 ti a s 10. Dng rich oil t thp hp th th cp trong cm thu hi kh c np vo a s 9. Mt a gom rt mt phn sn phm c lp t bn di a trn cng ca nh thp. a ny c thit k tch nc v hydrocarbon. Nc c rt ra v chy di tc dng ca trng lc vo u vo ca thit b ngng t nh E-1519.
Trang 48
im ct ca sn phm naphtha nh thp c iu khin thng qua vic iu khin lu lng dng hi lu ngoi. Hi ra khi nh thp c ngng t mt phn trong thit b ngng t bng khng kh E-1519 v thit b ngng t bng nc lm mt E-1520A- H. Hydrocarbon lng, nc v hi HC c tch trong D-1514. Dng kh off-gas t phn xng CDU v NHT cng c np vo D-1514. Mt phn ca hydrocarbon lng c hi lu tr li thp T-1501 bng bm P-1516 A/B. Phn cn li c vn chuyn bi bm P-1518 A/B ti thp hp th s cp trong cm thu hi kh. Hi nh thp i ti thng tch (KO Drum) ti u ht ca wet gas compressor. Nc chua c bm t phn boot ca D-1514 bi bm P-1517 A/B. Mt phn c quay tr li u vo ca thit b ngng t E-1519, mt phn c a ti wet gas compressor intercooler lm nc ra. 3.4. S cng ngh ca cm thu hi kh trong phn xng RFCC: 3.4.1. Mc ch: Thu hi v x l kh ca RFCC v cc phn xng CDU, NHT nhm thu c LPG v Fuel Gas c tch loi H2S v CO2 (lm sch bng DEA). Fuel Gas s c i vo h thng Fuel Gas ca nh my, cn LPG tu c s c a qua phn xng LTU (U16) chun b nguyn liu cho PRU (U21). 3.4.2. Cc thit b v nguyn tc hot ng ca cm thu hi kh: 3.4.2.1. My nn kh v bnh ngng t p sut cao: Kh t (wet gas) t cm phn tch sn phm (Fractionator Reflux Drum D1514) i qua bnh tch s b First Stage KO Drum D-1551 ca cm my nn v i vo cp th nht ca my nn C-1551 n p sut 4,1 kg/cm2, dng lng t D-1551 c tun hon li bnh hi lu ca thp tch D-1514 nh bm P-1552 A/B. Dng kh c lm lnh trung gian ti Wet gas compressor intercooler E-1551, Wet gas compressor trim cooler E-1552A/B. Dng kh sau khi ra khi E1552 A/B s c tch lng s b ti bnh tch s b trung gian interstage KO Drum D-1552 ca cm my nn. Dng kh tip tc c nn ti cp th 2 ca cm my nn n p sut 15,9 kg/cm2. Dng lng c tch ra t D-1552 s kt hp vi dng kh sau khi ra khi cp nn th hai, dng hn hp ny c lm ngui ti thit b ngng t p sut cao HP condenser E-1553.
Trang 49
BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 3.4.2.2.
Thit b ngng t E-1554A/B/C/D v bnh tch p sut cao D-1553:
Dng lng hi sau khi i ra khi E-1553 s kt hp dng t y ca thp hp th th nht T-1551, dng hi t nh thp stripper T-1552 v dng LPG t phn xng CDU i vo thit b ngng t Stripper Condensers E-1554 A-D ti bnh tch p sut cao HP Separator Drum D-1553. Ti D-1553 pha lng s c bm Stripper Feed Pumps P-1553A/B a ti thit b gia nhit s b Stripper Feed Preheater E-1555 (dng gia nhit l heavy naphtha Pumparound), sau tip tc a vo thit b tch Stripper T-1552. Pha hi ca D1553 l nguyn liu cho thp hp th th nht Primery Absorber T-1551. 3.4.2.3. Thp hp th th nht T-1551 (Primery Absorber) Dng thu hi lng kh C3 v C4 t phn hi ca bnh tch p sut cao D1553. Phn cht lng t Fractionator Reflux Drum D-1514 s c bm vo nh thp hp th lm cht hp th. Trong trng hp vn hnh vi du Bch H m gasoline phn on xng t y thp tch Butan T-1554 (Debutanizer) c s dng t c s thu hi C3,C4 theo yu cu. 3.4.2.4. Thp tch T-1552 (Stripper) Thp dng tch H2S v C2- t hn hp LPG v xng. Dng nguyn liu trc khi vo thp c gia nhit ti Stripper Feed Preheater E-1555 (dng pumparound nng). Lng nhit cung cp cho y thp qua hai thit b gia nhit Stripper First Reboiler E-1556 (dng lng nng ca y thp Debutanizer), Stripper Second Reboiler E-1557 (dng LCO pumparound nng). Dng kh t nh thp c lm lnh thit b ngng t E-1554A/B/C/D, dng lng t y thp th c a qua thp Debutanizer T-1554. 3.4.2.5. Thp hp th th hai T-1553 Thp hp th th hai s thu hi phn on xng nh t phn kh ca nh thp hp th s cp T-1551. Dng heavy naphtha t vng phn tch sn phm c dng lm cht hp th v c lm lnh s b bng dng sn phm y ca thp sau lm lnh su hn E-1564 lean oil cooler. Dng ny tip tc c cho qua thit b tch 2 pha lng-lng D-1556 lean oil coalescer tch nc ko theo trc khi a vo a trn cng ca thp.
Trang 50
Dng sn phm t y ca T-1553 s c gia nhit ti thit b Lean Oil/ Rich Oil Exchanger E-1563 v quay li thp T-1501 ca cm phn tch sn phm. Dng kh t nh T-1553 s c lm ngui ti Fuel Gas Cooler E-1565 v i n Fuel Gas Absorber K.O Drum D-1557. 3.4.2.6. Thp hp th kh nhin liu T-1555 (Fuel Gas) Thp ny loi b kh H2S v CO2 trong dng kh t thp hp th th cp T-1553 bng cch cho dng kh tip xc vi DEA. Mt lng lng rt nh c trong dng kh n t T-1553 s c tch ra trong FG Absorber Keed KO Drum D-1557 v dng lng ny quay li E-1563. Dng kh t D-1557 i vo y ca T-1555 (thp hp th kh), dng Lean Amin i t nh thp xung. Nhit ca dng Amine c iu khin sao cho chnh lch nhit ca dng Amine v ca dng kh vo nm trong gii hn cho php trnh hin tng ngng t ca hydrocacbon. Dng kh sau khi c hp th s i ti FG Absorber Outlet K.O Drum D-1559 trc khi i vo h thng Fuel Gas ca nh my. Dng Amine sau khi hp th s c a ti phn xng thu hi Amine (ARU). 3.4.2.7. Thp tch butan T-1554 (Debutanizer) Thp Debutanizer dng tch LPG ra khi xng. Dng lng t y Stripper T1553 lm nguyn liu cho thp tch Debutanizer T-1554. Dng hi t nh ca thp T1554 c ngng t ti thit b ngng t Debutanizer Condenser E-1561A/B v c qua bnh ngng t Debutanizer Reflux Drum D-1554. Mt dng hi lu t D-1554 quay li thp T-1554 iu khin nhit ca nh thp vi mc ch l iu khin tiu chun ca C5 trong sn phm nh. Nhit c cung cp y thp thng qua thit b gia nhit Debutanizer Reboiler E-1560 (dng HCO nng Pumpround). Dng lng LPG i t D-1554 s c bm qua thit b lm lnh LPG Cooler E-1562 vo LPG Amine Absorber T-1556. Dng xng t y thp Debutanizer s c lm ngui ti Stripper First Reboiler E-1556 (cung cp nhit cho y thp stripper T-1553) sau tip tc c lm ngui ti cc thit b Gasoline Air Cooler E-1558 v Gasoline Cooler E-1559. Mt phn dng xng sau khi c lm ngui c bm vo nh thp hp th th nht lm cht hp th, phn cn li c a qua cm x l xng (blending section). Nu vn hnh ch
Trang 51
Maximum Gasoline th dng xng ny s c kt hp vi dng naphtha t cm chng tch sn phm. 3.4.2.8. Thp hp th LPG bng Amin T-1556 Thp T-1556 s loi b H2S trong LPG bng cch cho tip xc vi DEA. T-1556 l 1 thp m. LPG s i xuyn qua lp m v tip xc vi amine tch H 2S, mc ca mt phn tch LPG-amine c iu khin qu trnh hp th xy ra hiu qu. LPG sau khi c loi b s lc H2S s ko theo amine nn tin hnh tch amine b ko theo ti LPG Amine Coalester D-1555. LPG sch s c a ti phn xng x l LPG (LPG treating Unit).
3.5.
Cc trng hp ngng khn cp phn xng bi ngi vn hnh:
3.5.1 Gii thiu:
Di y l nhng nguyn nhn chung nht, hu qu v nhng thao tc phi thc hin ca dng khn cp. Trong mt vi trng hp, phi thc hin mt s thao tc do nh hng ca dng khn cp. Lc ny, ngi vn hnh cn phi kim tra y nhng nh hng lin quan v nhng pht sinh khn cp ny. Hn na, nu cn thit, ngi vn hnh c th thc hin nhng nh hng lin quan ny mt cch an ton theo ch manual. Mt vi thao tc (thc hin trn bng cng tc vn hnh bng tay) c xem xt bi ngi vn hnh. Nhng thao tc cn phi xem xt trc khi khi ng Trong hu ht cc s c, khuyn co hoc c th bt buc dng dng nguyn liu vo phn xng bng cch kch hot h thng iu khin khn cp UX-001. Mi khi thc hin thao tc ny, cn phi: Kim tra rng nguyn liu phi c bypass tr li Feed surge drum Kim tra tt c cc dng tun hon li riser phi c dng. Kim tra dng h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi. ng tt c cc van iu khin trn ng nguyn liu v cc ng tun hon li riser Kim tra cho vn hnh cc dng hi nc phn tn, hi nc stabilization v dng hi nc vo y riser. Nu s c xy ra ko di 2 gi, chuyn h thng thi bng fuel gas vo cm phn ng thnh h thng thi bng nit.
3.5.2 Mt ngun in cung cp:
Mt ngun in s gy ra dng khn cp phn xng. p sut hi nc s c gi trong mt thi gian ngn. Tuy nhin, trong nh my lc du, mt ngun in s ko theo mt hi nc, lc ny phi dng h thng nc bin v BFW. Nhng thit b iu
Trang 52
khin v hin th hot ng bng h thng in d phng trong khong thi gian mt in tm thi. Nhng thao tc khn cp v lin quan tip theo s c thc hin ph thuc vo vic mt ngun cung cp cc b hay ton nh my. Ch rng khi xy ra mt ngun cung cp, Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor phi dng ngay sau khi dng bm chy bng motor in bm nc bin n thit b ngng t b mt ca turbine. Tham chiu theo s c thit b c m t di y. Vn l phi gi phn xng trong iu khin an ton, ngha l nhng thit b iu khin duy tr hot ng bng ngun t ngun d phng hoc t h thng in xoay chiu. Lc s xy ra: Dng dng nguyn liu p sut trong Disengager gim nhanh Mt chnh p hai u van SCSV Dng h thng nc lm mt Nhng thao tc sau y cn phi thc hin ngay: a) Kch hot b UX-001, ng tt c nhng dng nguyn liu vo riser. Chuyn h thng iu khin van RCSV, SCSV v plug valve sang ch manual v ng hon ton. Tt h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi. b) Gim ti thiu lng hi nc phn tn nguyn liu sch v hi nc phn tn ngay ti nhng u phun ca nhng dng du khc. c) iu chnh chnh p. Gim lng air t xung n 50% lu lng iu kin vn hnh bnh thng nu c th. d) Do mt h thng lm lnh trn nh Main Fractionator nn phi gim thiu vic s dng hi nc vo riser e) Dng qu trnh gia nhit hi nc ti E-1522 v E-1524 f) Dng dng hi nc stripping vo thp T-1503 & T-1504. Cn phi ghi ch r rng nhu cu lng hi nc c s dng gia phn xng RFCC v PRU. Mc du PRU khng nm trong cm RFCC nhng l phc hp nhm RFCC. PRU vn phi chuyn sang vn hnh ch khn cp khi RFCC c s c. Khi lng hi nc cao p dng cho my nn C-2101 cn khong 30-35 tn/h, dng C-2101 iu phi nhu cu s dng hi nc cao p, khi phn xng RFCC ang trong tnh trng khn cp. Khi h thng in cung cp tr li, kim tra hot ng cc bm v cc thit b lm lnh bng khng kh. Khi ng li phn xng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng.
3.5.3 Mt ngun kh iu khin:
Thng thng mt ngun kh iu khin ch trong thi gian ngn nn phn xng c khi ng li ngay sau khi h thng kh nn c cung cp tr li. Tuy nhin, mt kh iu khin, yu cu phn xng phi dng tm thi. B phn gim st phi ci t li p ti thiu cho h thng kh iu khin tip tc vn hnh nhng van iu khin c b phn truyn ng vi p sut kh iu khin thit k 4.0kg/cm2g. Mc d cc thng s iu khin lun c khuynh hng chuyn v v tr m bo iu Trang 53
kin an ton khi xy ra s c nhng ngi vn hnh cn phi can thip x l qu trnh dng vn hnh. Nu p sut kh iu khin t n p ti thiu, h thng dng khn cp phi c kch hot. a) Kch hot b UX-001 bypass nguyn liu t riser vo li trong Feed surge drum, ng tt c nhng ng du vo riser, tip tc a dispersion steam v stabilization steam vo lm sch riser. b) Chuyn RCSV sang ch iu khin manual v ng hon ton. c) Khi mc trong vng stripper bt u gim, chuyn SCSV sang ch iu khin manual v ng hon ton. d) Ci t lng hi nc phn tn khong 50% lu lng vn hnh bnh thng v gim lng hi nc stripping n 50% lu lng vn hnh bnh thng. e) ng plug valve nhng ht sc cn thn trnh lm trn vo thp ti sinh th nht. f) iu khin lng air khong 50% lu lng nhng cn thn trnh lm mt dng kh nng. g) Khi nguyn liu c tch ra khi vng riser, p sut trong disengager gim mnh. iu khin p sut duy tr chnh p gia hai u SCSV h) Khi ng dng torch oil v m van bypass gi nhit trong thp ti sinh khong 600oC. Do mt h thng kh thi v kh iu khin nn c th thit b iu khin v hin th mc a ra tn hiu sai. Quan st nhng thng s vn hnh lin quan, c bit l nhit hiu ng tnh trng hin ti ca phn xng. Chnh v th cn phi theo di ht sc cn thn mi khi c s di chuyn mc khi mt h thng kh iu khin. Ngi vn hnh cn tip tc theo di nhng vng cng ngh c van iu khin bng tay. i) Xc nh thi gian s c. Nu t hn 24 gi, xc tc c th c gi iu nng trong thp ti sinh bng torch oil. Gi p sut trong disengager cao hn thp ti sinh t nht 0.1 kg/cm2 nhm trnh air i vo disengager. j) Khi kh iu khin c ti thit lp tr li, v iu khin tr li nhng van iu khin bng tay trong qu trnh xy ra s c. Kim tra qu trnh thi cc thit b iu khin m bo khng b tt nghn v nhng thit b iu khin c chnh xc, hot ng tt. k) Kim tra cc nozzle m bo chng khng b tt nghn v a chng vo vn hnh. l) Khi hon tt cc qu trnh kim tra v chun b, khi ng phn xng tr li theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. Ghi ch: 1. Surge hoc b sc l vn chnh thng xy ra trong mt khong vn hnh ngn nht nh ca air blower. Snort valve, UV-822/823/824 s v v tr m v van iu khin kh nng gi nguyn v tr khi xy ra s c mt kh iu khin. iu quan trng l nhm trnh xc tc t thp ti sinh th hai di chuyn ngc vo thp ti sinh th nht. Cn phi kim tra kh nng vn hnh Air blower trong iu kin ny theo Nh ch to.
3.5.4 S c mt h thng air to gi si, air thi v aeration air:
Trang 54
Dng phn xng khi xy ra s c mt h thng air to gi si, air thi v aeration air. Li trong qu trnh c ca thit b iu khin hoc tun hon xc tc khng n nh s gy nn hin tng ri iu khin khi khng c tc ng ca ngi vn hnh. a) Kch hot b UX-001 ct dng nguyn liu vo riser, m ng bypass, ng tt c nhng dng du vo riser, iu chnh lu lng dng hi nc phn tn khong 50% lu lng vn hnh. b) Dng h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi c) Chuyn h thng iu khin RSCV sang ch manual v ng hon ton d) Khi mc trong disengager gim mnh, chuyn h thng iu khin SCSV sang ch manual v ng hon ton. ng plug valve nhng ht sc cn thn trnh trn xc tc vo thp ti sinh th nht. e) Khi nguyn liu c ct khi riser, p sut trong disengager gim mnh f) iu chnh p sut nhm to chnh p dng gia hai u SCSV. g) Kim tra v c th tap ti thit b iu khin cm thp phn ng v thp ti sinh tt nghn v c sai, a ra tn hiu sai. Chnh v th cn phi theo di ht sc cht ch mi s thay i trong thp ti sinh. iu chnh cht ch s thay i nhit trong thp ti sinh bng cch dng torch oil. Tt c cc tap thit b iu khin c kim tra trnh tt nghn sau khi dng earation air c thit lp tr li. Khi chc chn nhng tp ny hot ng tt, khng b tt nghn, phn xng c khi ng tr li theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. Ghi ch: 1. Trong qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng, bn cm disengager, kh to gi si, aeration v kh thi c thc hin bng fuel gas. Trong qu trnh khi ng hoc trng hp mt ngun FG, fuel gas s c thay th bng nit.
3.5.5 Mt hi nc:
Khi mt hi nc, phn xng phi dng khn cp v phi dng Air Blower v Wet Gas Compessor v ng thi mt hi nc phn tn, hi nc stripping v hi nc stabilization. a) Kch hot b UX-001, ct dng nguyn liu vo riser v cho bypass, ng tt c cc dng du vo riser v dng h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi nu h thng ny ang vn hnh. b) ng RCSV (SV-1501) bng ch iu khin manual. Duy tr dng hi nc phn tn cng lu cng tt nu c th nhm lm sch xc tc trong riser. c) Khi mc trong disengager gim mnh, chuyn h thng iu khin SCSV (SV1502) sang ch manual v ng hon ton. ng plug valve nhng ht sc cn thn trnh trn xc tc vo thp ti sinh th nht. d) Khi tt c cc dng du vo riser b ct, p sut h thng s gim mnh. Cn thit phi iu chnh p sut duy tri chnh p cn thit gia hai u SCsv (SV-1502). e) Chuyn cng nhiu cng tt lng xc tc trong stripper sang thp ti sinh th nht bng cch m cn thn SCSV. Trnh chnh p xung di 0.1 kg/cm2. f) Khi mt hi nc chy turbine ca Air Blower, tng xc tc trong thp ti sinh b tt mnh. Torch oil khng c s dng duy tr nhit trong thp ti sinh Trang 55
g)
h) i)
j)
k)
khi khng c qu trnh to gi si thch hp. m bo plug valve khng c m v n s lm xc tc t thp ti sinh th hai chuyn xung thp ti sinh th nht. ng steam header vo cm cng ngh trc khi p sut ca steam header gim xung di p sut thp ti sinh. Wet Gas Compressor s b dng v mt ngun hi nc chy turbine. X p h thng Main Fractionator nhm trnh nguy c hydrocarbons di chuyn ngc tr li vo thp ti sinh. Ci t m van iu khin x p PIC-458 ti u ra D-1514 ti p sut khong 0.15 kg/cm2 trn p sut vn hnh bnh thng nhm trnh s tt nhanh mc trong disengager. H thng ng ng v thit b cm slurry phi c flush trnh hin tng tt nghn khi h thng slurry b ngui. Xc nh thi gian ko di s c. Nu phn xng khi ng tr li sau 48 gi, phn xng s c gia nhit bng torch oil ngay sau khi Air Blower hot ng tr li. Nu thi gian ny ko di hn 48 gi th xc tc trong thp ti sinh c rt ra hon ton. Khi hi nc c thit lp tr li, trc tin cn phi m bo cc steam header cn phi c sy kh v hng v cm cng ngh, sau mi khi ng dng hi nc stripping, hi nc phn tn v stabilzation steam. Lc ny, khi ng li phn xng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. Nu ngi vn hnh khng theo di qu trnh mt hi nc xy ra, qu trnh tun hon xc tc s dng v khng c kh nng bng hi nc vo riser. Nhit trong riser s gim mnh khi ct dng nguyn liu vo, iu ny se gy ra dng nhng cm pht sinh v ng nghn bn trong thit b, gy kh khn v tng chi ph lm sch. Khi nhit trong thp ti sinh cao c th do nguyn nhn mt hi nc phn tn, hi nc stripping v stabilization steam khi dng nguyn liu khng c dng ngay lp tc. Khi ngun hi nc c thit lp tr li, bt u cho tun hon h thng slurry, nu c th s dng torch oil nh trong khi ng bnh thng. Phi chc chn rng, hi ncs dng vo stripper v Main Fractionator phi c sy kh v thit lp tr li. iu chnh p sut thp Main Fractionator duy tr chnh p gia disengager v thp ti sinh. Ti thi im ny, phn xng c khi ng tr li theo qui trnh hng dn khi ng bnh thng.
3.5.6 Mt h thng Boiler Feed Water:
Khi xy ra mt h thng Boiler Feed Water (BFW), dng phn xng. Kch hot b UX-001. Hn na dng cm sn xut hi nc v ko theo mt ngun hi nc. Khi xy ra s c ny, vn hnh theo qui trnh mt ngun hi nc. Khi mt BFW, cho bypass qua cm x l khi (CO Boiler/Waste Heat Boiler), duy tr dng nc tun hon trong ng cng di cng tt gi mt ng. Wet Gas Compressor v h thng sn xut hi nc phi c dng. Bo v mc trong thit b, cho dng cc bm khc. Khi h thng BFW c thit lp tr li, to mc trong thit b sn xut hi nc v khi ng li phn xng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng.
3.5.7 Mt h thng nc lm mt:
Phn xng RFCC s ngng ngn cp khi mt h thng nc lm mt cm Main Fractionator v cm thu hi kh. Mt h thng nc lm mt vo nhng thit b lm
Trang 56
mt du cho Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor s l nguyn nhn gy trip Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor. Kch hot b UX-001, dng dng nguyn liu vo riser, ng tt c nhng dng du vo riser, iu chnh dng hi nc phn tn khong 50% lu lng iu kin vn hnh bnh thng. Chuyn h thng iu khin RCSV, SCSV v plug valve sang ch manual v ng hon ton. Tip tc vn hnh cho n khi thit b lm mt du cho h thng Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor cn phi a nc lm mt vo th ngng Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor. gim cng sut nhng thit b lm mt cm Main Fractionator, lng hi nc s dng cm thp phn ng v thp ti sinh c gim thiu. Khi ngng hot ng Air Blower, cn phi x p h thng Main Fractionator gim ti thiu chnh p gia disengager v thp ti sinh. p sut trong disengager cn phi gi ln hn p sut thp ti sinh th nht khong 0.15 kg/cm2. Khi h thng nc lm mt c thit lp tr li, phn xng c khi ng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. B phn nhn s nh my phi nghin cu nhng nh hng do s c mt h thng nc lm mt gy ra pht trin chi tit v vn hnh ti u nh my.
3.5.8 Mt h thng nc bin lm mt:
Nc bin c s dng nh cht lm mt trong thit b ngng t b mt ca Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor. Chnh v th khi mt h thng nc bin lm mt, turbine lm vic khng hiu qu s gy ra trip t ng Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor. Vn hnh theo qui trnh vn hnh khi c s c ca Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor.
3.5.9 S c i vi Air Blower:
Khi Air Blower gp s c, kch hot b UX-005 dng phn xng, ko theo b UX001 v UX-002 s b kch hot. p sut trong thp ti sinh s gim mnh, c th gy ra hin tng dng ngc ti RCSV nu ngi vn hnh khng tc ng tc thi. X ra uc t gim p sut Main Fractionator nhm gim thiu chnh p gia disengager / thp ti sinh. M bypass cho dng nguyn liu sch vo Feed Surge Drum, ng tt c cc dng du vo riser. Gim lng hi nc stripping n 50% lu lng ch vn hnh bnh thng v ng thi gim tt c cc ng hi nc vo nhng u phun khc nu chng ang hot ng. Chuyn h thng iu khin RCSV v SCSV sang ch manual v ng hon ton. H thng iu khin Plug valve cng c chuyn sang ch manual v ng hon ton. p sut trong disengager cn c gi ln hn p sut trong thp ti sinh khong 0.15 kg/cm2. Xc tc c th chy ngc vo dng air u x ca Air Blower nn ht sc cn thn khi dng air c thit lp tr li. Thng thng, khi khi ng li Air Blower, cc thao tc c thc hin nh sau: ng tt c cc van iu khin trn ng vo air ring ca thp ti sinh th nht. M dng plant air vo ng nng xc tc gi thp ti sinh th nht v thp ti sinh th hai. Cho vo blast point cao nht trc sau mi n nhng blast point thp hn dc theo ng nng xc tc.
Trang 57
Trc khi khi ng li Air Blower, phi kim tra tt c nhng ng air trc check valve u vo khng c mt xc tc. Kim tra chc chn check valve v tr ng. ng ni Plant air nm trc air ring trong thp ti sinh. Nhng ng ni plant air ny phi c vn hnh lm sch cc air ring khng b tch t xc tc. Lng xc tc chy ngc vo l t khng kh c kim tra bng trc quan. Trong trng hp lng xc tc ny kh ln, ni ng blast vo thi khng kh nhm lm sch ng ng. Nhng ng ni ny c vn hnh th t tng ci mt, u tin vn hnh nhng ng ni gn thp ti sinh trc. Khi Air Blower bt u khi ng, lng kh nng tng dn ln, lc ny phi gim dn lng Plant air gim thiu lng kh thi. Sau khi lm sch tt c cc ng air, Air Blower c th c khi ng tr li theo qui trnh hng dn ca nh ch to. M cc van iu khin trn ng vo R-1 ring. Qu trnh ny thc hin t t nhm trnh tn tht lng kh nng. Khi tt c cc dng air c thit lp tr li, phn xng c khi ng li theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. Ghi ch: 1. Phn xng c khi ng tr li nu nhit xc tc khng qu thp (trn 400oC) 2. S c gy dng Air Blower c th gy ra bi nhiu nguyn nhn v mt c kh nn ko di trong khong thi gian di, phn xng c dng theo qui trnh dng bnh thng v tin hnh rt xc tc ra khi cm thp phn ng/ thp ti sinh. Khi dng Air Blower, tng xc tc gi si b tt mnh, chnh v th khng phi tt c xc tc c ti sinh v lm ngui. Nhng vn ni cm lin quan n qu trnh rt xc tc khi khng vn hnh Air Blower c cp sau y: Kh nng gi p sut trong thp ti sinh chuyn ht tt c xc tc vo trong hopper (to chnh p khong 0.7 kg/cm2 bng plant air) Lm ngui xc tc trong thp ti sinh xung di 300oC nhm trnh cc b chy tr li trong c ng chuyn xc tc v spent catalyst hopper. Trong sut qu trnh rt xc tc, cn phi kho st cn thn nhit trong thp ti sinh, disengager / stripper v trn nh spent catalyst hopper. Trc khi rt xc tc, phi tun th theo yu cu an ton ca nh my, cn thit phi lp t blind rt ng ng khi h thng chn khng t xe ti cui vi lng xc tc cn li trong ng.
3.5.10 S c bm nguyn liu:
Khi bm nguyn liu xy ra s c, phi kch hot h thng dng khn cp. Kch hot b UX-001 dng dng nguyn liu v nhng dng tun hon li riser, m ng bypass qua riser.
Trang 58
Nu c bm d phng, khi ng nhanh bm d phng ny, a phn xng tr li vn hnh sau mt khong thi gian ngn. Nu khng th khi ng bm nguyn liu, duy tr phn xng trong trng thi tun hon nng. a) iu chnh lu lng hi nc phn tn ti a iu kin vn hnh b) Chuyn h thng iu khin RCSV sang ch manual v iu khin tun hon xc tc. Chuyn ch iu khin ca lu lng nguyn liu sang ch manual v ng hon ton c) Khi nguyn liu c ct khi phn xng, p sut trong disengager gim mnh. iu chnh cn bng p sut gi chnh p dng gia disengager v thp ti sinh (> 0.15 kg/cm2). d) Khi ng torch oil vo thp ti sinh ngay gi nhit xc tc khong 600oC e) Khi nguyn liu c hot ng tr li, ti thit lp cc thng s vn hnh bnh thng trc khi a nguyn liu vo riser (Nhit ra khi riser khong 530oC, cn bng p sut,) v khi ng phn xng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng.
3.5.11 S c i vi nhng bm khc:
Khi xy ra s c i nhng bm khc, phn xng RFCC s c th khng dng khn cp ngoi tr bm d phng khng khi ng c. Trong trng hp bm d phng khng vn hnh c, c th tip tc vn hnh bng cch iu chnh vn hnh phn xng. Cn phi nghin cu nhng trng hp s c bm c gng khng dng phn xng.
3.5.12 Mt h thng fuel gas:
Thng thng, khi mt h thng fuel gas, phn xng RFCC vn tip tc vn hnh. Fuel gas s dng trong CO Boiler. Chuyn ngun nhin liu chnh t dng fuel gas sang dng dng fuel oil, v th nu c th CO Boiler vn c gng duy tr vn hnh . Khi xy ra s c h thng l t CO, phn xng RFCC s phi dng v lc ny lng CO trong dng khi ra thp ti sinh th nht c x thng ra mi trng. Lc ny, cn phi gim lu lng nguyn liu m bo tiu chun mi trng. Trong trng hp s c i vi h thng fuel gas, c th dng ngun fuel oil ti a thay th v ko di thm thi gian vn hnh CO cng lu cng tt nu c th. Nu nguyn liu c ct khi phn xng, cm thp phn ng/ thp ti sinh c th duy tr ch tun hon nng trong vng 24 gi bng cch s dng torch oil. Nu s c ko di qu 24 gi, xc tc phi c rt ra theo qui trnh dng bnh thng. Khi l t CO c s c, nhit cung cp cho Waste Heat Boiler khng nn qu trnh sn xut hi nc phi dng. Khi dng COB s gy ra hng lot nhng tc ng n cn bng hi nc trong nh my, ngay c i vi Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor. Hi nc t thit b un si t phn xng ph tr cung cp b sung nhu cu s dng hi nc. Khi gim cng sut RFCC, gim Air Blower v Wet Gas Compressor dn n gim lng hi nc s dng. Nu kh nng cung cp hi nc n mc ti hn, dng dng hi nc cao p v trung p vo E-1522 v E-1524. Khi h thng fuel gas hot ng tr li, thit lp li vn hnh phn xng theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng.
3.5.13 S c Wet Gas Compressor:
Trang 59
Khi xy ra s c i vi Wet Gas Compressor, gim lu lng nguyn liu sch v vn c th dn n dng phn xng RFCC. Lc ny vn hnh theo qui trnh khn cp ca nh vendor Wet Gas Compressor nhm bo v Wet Gas Compressor. Nu dng phn xng trong thi gian ngn, gim lu lng nguyn liu xung 60% lu lng iu kin vn hnh bnh thng v x kh trong receiver trn nh Main Fractionator ra flare. Nu khng th x ra flare hoc khng th iu khin c p sut: a) Kch hot b UX-001 dng dng nguyn liu tt c nhng ng tun hon vo riser b) Chuyn h thng iu khin cc slide valves v plug valve sang ch iu khin manual c) iu khin p sut trong disengager cao hn p sut trong thp ti sinh. Nu cn thit, a dng fuel gas vo receiver trn nh Main Fractionator. C gng duy tr tun hon xc tc cng lu cng tt, gi chnh p gia hai u spent catalyst slide valve ln hn 0.15 kg/cm2 v hi nc nng xc tc trong riser (tc ti thiu :5 m/s) d) Nu duy tr tun hon xc tc, kim tra h thng x l dng khi ra ( mc trong steam drum), kim tra mc trong main fractionator v nhit trong thp ti sinh, dng torch oil duy tr nhit xc tc khong 600oC 1. Nu tun hon xc tc nhng khng th duy tr iu kin nh mong mun (cn bng p sut khng n nh, nhit trong thp ti sinh qu cao hoc qu thp), kch hot b UX-002 dng phn xng 2. Hn na, dng h thng kh x l t Gas Recorvery thi ra h thng thit b iu khin cm disengager. T ng chuyn sang dng nit thay v off gas khi Wet Gas Compressor dng. iu khin cht ch vn hnh dng nit (m van PV-367B). Khi Wet Gas Compressor c khi ng tr li theo qui trnh nh Vendor, phn xng c khi ng li theo qui trnh khi ng bnh thng. Ghi ch: 1. Khi Wet Gas Compressor xy ra s c do nhng nguyn nhn c kh, ko di trong khong thi gian di, cn phi dng phn xng v thc hin qui trnh rt xc tc. 2. Khi dng Wet Gas Compressor, gim cng sut sn xut off gas n h thn`g kh nguyn liu ca nh my. V ngun off gas t RFCC l ngun nhin liu chnh trong nh my, nn cn phi qun l ngun fuel gas v fuel oil mt cch hp l khng lm mt h thng kh nhin liu trong nh my. Nu cn thit, dng ti a lng fuel oil t thay cho fuel gas ti nhng u t chnh (cc thit b un si bn phn xng ph tr, CDU, COB) v cm bay hi LPG.
3.5.14 S c ca cc slide valve v plug valve:
Khi nhng slide valve v plug valve xy ra s c, phn xng c th tip tc vn hnh ph thuc bn cht tng s c v s c xy ra ti nhng van no. C th dng h thng iu khin bng tay ti site iu khin nhng slide valve ny theo ch iu khin manual. Lc ny, iu quan trng l phi tip tc iu chnh cc thng s iu khin
Trang 60
vn hnh v kt ni cht ch gia ngi vn hnh trong DCS v ngi vn hnh ti nhng van ny ngoi site. Nu plug valve xy ra s c, phn xng tip tc vn hnh bng cch iu chnh mc xc tc trong thp ti sinh th nht cng nh chnh p gia hai thp ti sinh. Nu iu khin khng t c ch n nh nhanh, c th dng phn xng. a) Nu iu khin khng t c ch n nh nhanh kch hot b UX-001 dng dng nguyn liu vo riser, ng tt c cc dng du tun hon vo riser, dng h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi nu h thng ny ang lm vic. b) ng RCSV bng ch iu khin manual hoc bng tay quay. Nu RCSV khng th ng c, gim lu lng dng hi nc phn tn, vng hi nc y riser v dng stabilization steam xung 20% p sut trong riser gim xung c) iu khin p sut gi chnh p dng gia hai u SCSV. Chnh p gia hai u RCSV c th gim xung n zero nu p sut riser gim. d) Gi p sut trong disengager cao hn p trong thp ti sinh khong 0.15 kg/cm2 Ghi ch: 1. Nu cc slide valve xc tc b kt v v tr ng, kim tra b UX-001 v UX-002 c kch hot cha 2. Nu c slide valve xc tc b kt v tr ng v b UX-001 kch hot, c gng chuyn iu kin nhng van ny sang manual v iu chnh m ca van nhm gi n nh tun hon xc tc. Tc tun hon xc tc c iu chnh theo m ca van ang b s c. 3. Nu nhng slide valve xc tc xy ra s c trong khong thi gian di do mt vi nguyn nhn v c kh, cn thit phi dng phn xng theo qui trnh dng bnh thng v tin hnh qui trnh rt xc tc.
3.5.15 Mt iu khin p sut trong thp ti sinh (Slide valve trn ng khi ra xy ra s c):
Khi slide valve trn ng khi ra xy ra s c, phn xng c th vn gi trng thi vn hnh ph thuc vo tng bn cht s c v xy ra trn van no. Phn xng c th gi vn hnh bng cch iu khin m ca van bng manual ti site. iu quan trng l tip tc iu khin cc thng s iu khin v gi kt ni tt gi ngi vn hnh trong phng iu khin v ngi vn hnh ti ngoi sitre ti van ang xy ra s c. Khi cc thng s iu khin khng t c ch n nh, kch hot b UX-001 dng dng nguyn liu v ng tt c cc dng du vo riser. Dng h thng phun hp cht b ng kim loi nu h thng ny ang hot ng. Gi p sut trong disengager ln hn p sut thp ti sinh khong 0.15 kg/cm2. Ghi ch: 1. Khi s c xy ra ti cc side valve trn ng khi ra do nhng nguyn nhn c khi ko di trong khong thi gian di, cn thit phi dng phn xng phn xng theo qui trnh dng bnh thng v tin hnh qui trnh rt xc tc.
3.5.16 Mt h thng iu khin:
Khi mt h thng iu khin, phn xng vn c th gi vn hnh trong thi gian ngn khong 10-15 pht. Nu s c ko di lu hn, dng phn xng bng cch kch hot b UX-001 v UX-002. Trang 61
3.5.17 S c dng du ngc:
S c dng du ngc xy ra khi dng du phun vo riser i ngc vo thp ti sinh th hai thay v c nng ln ng riser do nguyn nhn tng t ngt p sut trong disengager v gim t ngt p sut trong thp ti sinh th hai. S c ny c nhn ra khi nhit trong trong thp ti sinh th hai tng t ngt vt qu gii hn thit k cho php v c th rt nguy him. a) Kch hot tc thi b iu khin UX-002 v UX-001, kim tra cc slide valve xc tc phi c ng hon ton. Kim tra dng nguyn liu c bypass khi riser, ng tt c cc dng du tun hon li riser. b) Gim lu lng air nu nhit vn tip tc tng c) Thit lp p sut trong disengager cao hn p trong thp ti sinh. Np fuel gas vo receiver trn nh thp Main Fractionator. d) Khi ng li ngay sau khi s c dng du ngc xc nh c nguyn nhn v c khc phc. Ghi ch: Trong cng ngh R2R, xc tc sau khi ti sinh c rt ra ng ng rt xc tc bn ngoi nn xc tc ny lm kn v ngn chn dng du ngc. 3.6 Mt s s c c bit tng xy ra nh hng n phn xng: Mt in: Trong thi gian u vn hnh nh my, nh my in cha hon thin nn phi kt ni vi IVN. Khi s c mt in xy ra Flare tng t ngt do cc bm rt cht lng b dng, lm p sut trong bnh tng cao => kh + lng vt ra Flare. Nu s c ny c x l nhanh (<48h ) th khng rt xc tc trong cm phn ng v ti sinh, nu thi gian x l lu hn th bt buc phi rt xc tc v nu xc tc lu trong s b m, khi gia nhit li d b ph hy thy nhit. V qu trnh c lp gia TBPW v thp tch rt xc tc l vn kh khn nht v cn t c cn bng p sut gia ng ni ca 2 thit b ny. S c cc phn xng ph tr: Khi mun s dng HPS ngi ta s gim p ca HHPS xung to thnh HPS, tuy nhin khi valve gim p b kt => p ca HPS khng => strip b dng => dng phn xng. H thng lm mt bng nc bin b mi mn ti v tr mi hn gy bc ng ng. Tuy nhin do phn xng ang vn hnh nn bt buc phi dng cc tm thp b vo ( chp nhn r r) ch n v bo tr khc phc. Cc s c h hng thit b: H valve chuyn t tng 1 ln tng 2=> dng RFCC
Trang 62
Dng xc tc b mt hin tng gi si => chnh lch p qua slide valve b tt => slide valve ng => shutdown phn xng. Nguyn nhn l do t l kch thc ca xc tc khng t tiu chun( %mn, %trung bnh, %ln ). Cc bm trn cyclon ca TBPW => xc tc khng xung c => y dn=> xc tc i qua thp tch=> bm trong ng ng=> v ng=> du nhit , p sut cao thot ra gp khng kh=> chy. Ngoi ra do yu t thi tit nn vn xm thc bm cng thng xy ra.
KT LUN
Trang 63

Bai Bao Cao Nam

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai Bao Cao Nam

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

LI M U CHNG I: AN TON LAO NG TRONG NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT (HSE- Health- Safety-Environment)

Phi c giy php cn gi tr vo khu khng gian hn ch.

Ch nh mt ngi canh chng thng xuyn.

Thng gi cho khu vc khng gian hn ch.

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP - Cc mi nguy him v in. Khi b in git:

Hnh 2: phng php cha chy + Cha chy:

dng nc p tt m chy cht rn.

-Mang thit b bo h lao ng cn thit theo yu cu.

Hnh 5: Cc bin bo s nguy him trong nh my

CHNG II: TNG QUAN NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT

hecta. - Din tch mt bin : 471 hecta

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.2. C cu t chc ca nh my:

2.2.1. S t chc cng ty TNHH MTV lc ha du Bnh Sn

Hnh 7: S t chc ca cng ty

2.2.2. S t chc b my cng ty lc ha du Bnh Sn:

Hnh 8: S t chc b my cng ty

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.2.3. S t chc phn xng

Hnh 11: S mt bng nh my Cc sn phm chnh ca nh my:

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP Du t (FO).

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP 2.4.

Tng quan mt s phn xng chnh: Hnh 12: S cng ngh ca nh my

Cng sut: 23.500 thng/ngy

Cng sut: 21.100 thng/ngy Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP M t chung:

khi phn tch ra trong phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU)

Ton b dng Naphtha thu hi c a ti phn xng x l Naphtha

Phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) (Phn xng s 020) M t chung :

Khu phng hnh chnh. Kho dng c th nghim.

Phng phn tch kh: c 10 my phn tch kh hin i nht. Trang 28

o hm lng S trong LPG (phn tch bng sc k kh)

Phn tch kh trong nh my v LPG. Phn tch du th.

: hydro : kh iu khin v PA : HC : Hi nc : Nc : Ha cht : Nc ngng : Xt n da : Cha S : X kh

PHN XNG RFCC-015

(Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking)

Hnh 13: Cm phn xng RFCC/LTU/NTU/PRU

3.2. L thuyt cng ngh:

Hnh 14: S cng ngh ca RFCC

3.2.1. Nguyn liu v sn phm ca RFCC:

wt ppm wt%) wt%) wt ppm wt ppm wt ppm cSt cSt

D1266 D189 D2787 D2788 D445

263 379 435 475 32.4

262 379 437 480 32.5

3.2.1.1B Tnh cht ca off-gas t stabilizer ca phn xng CDU:

Crude (Sour) Blend 339.0

100% (Sweet) Bach Ho 291.0

C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5

6.3 37.0 14.3 40.6 0.4

0.7 4.8 22.7 16.0 53.5 0.4

H2O Total Molecular weight

1.4 100.0 50.6

1.9 100.0 52.6

Lu : cc thng s ca du trn da trn 100% du Dubai

C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5

3.2.1.1D Tnh cht ca dng LPG t CDU:

mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol% mol%

16.5 61.7 1.3 100.0

16.1 71.0 1.4 100.0

3.2.1.2A Tiu chun chng ct: Sn phm Gasoline LCO Slurry

wt% wt% cSt cSt C

0.960 0.07 9.5 6.09 45 15-20

wt% wt% cSt cSt C

3.2.1.2G Thnh phn ca LPG:

3.3. S cng ngh ca cm thp phn tch chnh: