YO QUANG HOI - NGUYEN V AN ettA T - NGUYEN THI LlfN ANH

TRANG BI D I ~ N - D I ~ N TV

MAy CONG NGHlep DUNG CHUNG

~ NHA XUAT BAN GlAo Due
vCr QUANG H6r - NGUYtN V AN CHAT - NGUytN THJ LIEN ANH
,.. ,.. ?
TRANG 81 elEN - elEN TU

',. MAy CONG NGHIEP DUNG CHUNG

{Td; hdnldlllJlIi"l1l1lJ1f
NHA XUAT BAN GIAO D1,JC
LOI NOl DAU
Trong diJ. phat tritn eua khoa hQC k{ thufi,t, thank tl!u mot
_(ki thuM di4n til, ki thUfi,t 86 ... ) dd dliqc 6.p dlf.ng voo linh vl/.c c6ng
nghi4p. 0 nllOc ta, dd va dang nhf!.p khtJ. logi may moe, thUt bt
nit hin dq,i ,- do do dbi hOi qua trink diw tq,o can co nhung giao trinh
mai, dl trang bi nhilng kin thlie tin cho sinh vil2n, nhdm Mt
kip vai thl/.c tI eua xd h4i trang hi4n tgi va nhilng ndm tOi.
Do vgy, giao trinh bt di4n - din tU may c6ng nghip dung
chung" nay duqc bil2n soq.n, dllam tai liu hQC tOp cho sinh vil2n nganh
TIt hOa XNCN- eua truong DHBK Ha Gitio tr'inh cilng hilu
ich cho cae can ki thu{Jt lam vic trlle tiep hofi,C gian tiep vai cae
may dd dlLqc dt cf/p wi.
Gitw trlnh g3m ndm pMn. B6n phlm dluJ. cOp tOi trang bt dii!n -
tU cae may nang - vfi,n chuyln, lb dii!n, may han, may bam, quq.t
va may rn!n khl. Phrm ndm cfi,p tOi cae may c6ng
(tuy pMm -nay kh6ng cae may c6ng dung chung, nhung
trong khi cha dqi giao trinh trang bt - tu cae may c6ng
nht:, chung tlJi vlin zep vao dung cua giao trinh nay).
Trong giao trinh, d titng loq.i may, dtu duQC giOi va phrln tich
qua tr'inh clJng ngM, d4c e{nh ki thufi,t, nhang ung dl!-ng co ban, co
sd 1i lU4n va ti nh ch9n 86 thiet bt dung cho may, 80 d3
Ii diln hinh.
Gitio trinh dugc t6 chllc BOq.n, Cl!- tM nhu SQU :
Chu va Quang mi va vilt phan II , phan N.
Nguym Vdn Ch6.t vilt phan 1, phan Ill.
Nguyln Thi Anh vilt phan V.
Cac tae gid xin thlmh thl/.c cam on cae d3ng d4 cho
j kiln dong gop quj Mu trong Wc Boq.n giao trinh nay. cac tac
gid c,ang vlJ cung bilt on vh trlin trvng m.;ti gop j khac cua bq.n. dt;>C
de giao trinh dUQC hohn thi4n hem. Thu gop j xin gui theo dia chi :
Khoa TI,l hOa XNCN - Trubng DHBK Ha h04-c NhlJ. xuat
bdn Gitio 81 - Tron Hung DQ-O - Hh
CAC 1'Ac GIA
PHAN
TRANG B! DII;N
cAc MAy NA.NG -
Chlrung 1
NHUNG KHAI CO BAN
- DII;N TlI
vAN CHUYEN
1.1. KHAI CHUNG
S1,l pM.t kinh W' cua m6i mtOc ph1,l thuQc rilt vAo mdc d Cd gioi hoa va
tl,! dng hoa cae qua trinh san xulit. Trang qua trlnh san xulit, may nting - chuygn
dong vai tro kha quan trqng. Mt\y nang - chuydn Ii'!. cliu niSi giua ct\c hf:lng m1,lc
. c6ng trinh san xulIt giua elk phAn xttong trong mQt nhA may, gilla cae may
cOng Me trong mQt dlly chuyen san xulit v.v ...
Tinh chlit vi'!. s6 hlQng hAng hoa etin tuy thuoc vao di;i.c thii. cua qua
trl.nh san xu!U.
vi" d1,l : MQt Xl luy(m kim cd Ib caa DAng sulit 1.000 tlin gang/ngay clin
phai v(\n Mn 10 caa 2.000 tlin 700 UIn ph1,l gia va 12.000 tlin than cdc.
Trang ngAnh khai tht\c mo, cae cOng trInh thuy IQi, ct\c cOng truang xAy
dyng nba may thuy di(ln, xAy dyng cOng xAy dl,tng dAn- d1,lng v.v ... , pht!n Ian
cac ding vi(lc n{\ng nhll b6c, xuc, di\o, khai thac diU dA do c:ic may nAng -
chuyen thl,tc
eu d1,lng cae may nling - 'o'l)n trong cAe: h$D.g ml,lc cOng trinh lOn lam
giam dang thbi gian xAy dl,tng, giAm bbt s6 IUQng cOng nhi\n (khoAng 10 HIn).
Vi d1,l : N eu dung mQt C!l.n du ell Ibn cO thay thl1 cho 500 cOng' nhAn, con
dung mQt may xtlc cfJ Ion dAo hAc, muong ho{\c trong cOng cAi
thl co the' thay the cho 10.000 cOng nhf1n.
Trong cae nba may cM co khf, may nang - v{\n dung v{\n chuyen
phOi, ban thanh phtIm vi\ thAnh pMim tu nhA may nay sang nhA may khac, tu phlin
xllong ni'ly sang phAn xllong khAc.
5
'.
1.2. PHAN LOAI MAy NANG - VAN CHUYEN
Ph1,l thutic vAn eua hang h6a v(l.n chuyn, kich thlloc, s6 111Qng vA
phuong v(l.n chuyen rnA ct\c mAy nAng - chuyen rat da phAn iO(li mqt
each hoan haa cae may n!lng - vi\in chuyen rlit kh6 khAn.'
6
I)
. 'ii lJ.

)J
k)
mob 1-1. mAy nang-Y.)n chuybi.
<l- Clbl v6i mOe cdu Mng,- Ir ClA/ glJu "go,,",,-
c- can cdu con dl; d- Clln /7llC edltg,- e- Clln cllulMp;
Thang mdy,- h- Mdy.u1c glJu lhJ4n,- i- Mdy.nk glJu treQ,-
k- BlIng uJi .. 1- Cbli /n.4C trongxucmg /u;yln IMp.
Co the philo IOl.li cae may
nAng - vi\in chuyen thea cae
diem chlnh sao : (hloh 1-1)
1. Theo phuong chuyin hBng
h6a
a) Thee phuong thAng dung:
thang mAy, may na.ng
b) Thea phuong nlm ngang :
hAng bAng tAi
c) Thea m$t phAng nghiang
xe kIp, tha.ng bAng tAL
d) Thea cAe phuong k@'t hQp
cAu tIVe, clin tr\lC, ca.u t1Vc cAng,
mAy xiic V.v ...
2. Theo cAu ","0 cia co cAu di chuyen
a) May n!lng - d!}.t
c6 dinh : thang may, may n!lng,
thang chuyen, bang Ul.i, bAng
chuyen v.v ...
b) Di chuyen tinh
trt,lC cang, clin cIiu con cac
clin tr1,lc, cliu tryc v.v ...
c) Di chuyen quay voi mOt goe
quay ttli : clin dIU thap; may
xiic v.v ...
3. Theo cO cAu bOc hAng
a) Cd dlu b6c hAng lA thong,
cabin, gliu treo ...
b) rode, xich treo, bAng.
e) Cd cu Me hAng bAng nam
chAm
4. Theo cht lAm vitc
a) dO dAi : bAng tAi,
bAng thang
b) dO ng<in hf,lD. : mAy
xuc, thang may, can trt,le V.Y ...
1.3. DIEM TRlING CHO CHE DO LAM
CUA TRUYEN DONG MAy NANG - VAN CHUYEN
May n!lng - thubng lAp trong nha- xuong 0 ngoai trbi.
Mai trtlong lam eua cae may n!lng - v(tn chuyen r!lt ni;i.ng Iii ngoili
hAi cang, cae nha may hoa chat, cae xi kim ...
elk khi Cl,l, bi trong M th6ng dtjng va trang cua cae may
nAng - phai Him tin c$.y trong rnqi nga cua rnCli
trtlbng, nAng caa mlng sutlt, an toi;m
trong v(tn hAnh va. khai thAc.
OL-__________ -L ______
Cut ..
Hlnh 1-2.
Quan he Me = f(/U) khi Ir.h6i dng dngca bAng lai.
co truy@n dng diu tr\lC,
nhtlt Ui d6i v{ji CO cllu nAng -
mOmen . thay ddi thea tAi tl'9ng rfit f,1J
rO Khi khOng cd tAi t!9ng (khOng
till), mOmen cUB. dOng CO khong vUQt
quI\. (15 .;- 20)%. M
dm
, d6i v{Ji CO cllu
nAng clla cdn tI'\lC gliu ngol;lm
tlli 50% M
dm
d6i vOi dOng cd di
D6i v{ji dQng cho blng
va. bAng tAi, phAi dAm bAa khoi
dQng dQng cO truy@n khi dl1y tii ;
Hi vao mila dOng, khi d
rnOi trubng gia.m lAm tang mOmen rna st\.t
trong <>Ie 6 dO d4n Mn lAm tang
mOmen cAn tInh Me' hlnh 1-2
diAn m6i quan ph1,l thuQc gilla roOmen
can tInh va tlk dO dQng Cd : Me = f(w).
d6 th! ta thfiy : Khi w = 0, Mc
ldn hon(2 ..;- 2,5 H'n) Mc ung vbi Mc
mUc.
tr@n ciing dung vdi mt so
may n!lng - khac nhu thang
ba.ng v.v ...
I
xe con blng (35 .;- 50)% M
dm
__ .....j. __
d6i v6'i d9ng co di chuyf!'n xe cdu
.blng (50 + 55)% M
dm
.
Trong cae hO dOng cole cO q4 f----,f--f----I---I---l
ctlu cua ml\.y na.ng - v$n chuyf!'n, yau
c4u qua trinh tAng t6c va giAm t6c
xity ra phAi bi(!t Hi d6i vdi
thang ml\.y vA thang chuyan chCl
khlich. Bai mOmen dOng trong
quI\. trl.nh quI\. phlll du<}c chi!
theo yau c4u ella kI thu(tt an toln.
Innh 1-3.
M<">men CUll dong cd ph\! thuOc vito tai trQng.
1- Dng co di. dw.yl 11 .a cau .. 2- Dt'lng co di chuyl TI :re con .-
3-D(mg co ndng -h\L
7
'.
NAng BuAt cUB. may nAng - vl).n -quyt lXIi hai t6 : tai trqng cua
vA s6 chu kl Mc, xuc trong mQt gia. S6 h1Qng hAng h9"a Mc xuc trong m6i mQt
chu kl khOng nhu nhau vA nha han trqng tAi mac, cho n@n ph\l- tAi d6i vtli dQng
ca chi (60 + 70)% cOng suAt dinh mac cua dOng ca.
Do lAm cua may nAng - vl).n thubng xuy@n lam
trong ch d qua tAi IA may xuc) cac may nAng - vl).n duQ'c
co dQ Mn ca kh1 cao, khA nAng chiu qua tAi Itln.
1.4. DQNG DUNG
TRONG cAc MAy NANG - VAN CHUYEN
nay, dQng trong cAe may na.ng - su d\l-ng pM bin
IA he dng v6i dQng co xoay chih vA mt Xu hUCJng chu khi thit
vA cM dng cho may nAng - IA thubng chqn M
truyl1n dQng vtli dng ca xoay vi co quA kinh M cao, c1f;lt cAu
dnh khoi dQng cung nhu dnh chlnh.
dAp llng cAe cliu vi! an toAn, dQ tin c$.y khi lAm dAi hl(ln cUe.
dng cac may nang - nAng coo tu6i thQ cua cAc khi C\1
dung cae khi C\l- phi thay cho cAc khl C1,l (rale - c6ngtacta).
Cac khi C\1 phi d6 c6 tl(lO, Idp rap tu cae phttn tu to, ttt
vA ban din.
Nhflng nAm glin dAy, do s\i phat nhanh cua kI ban din, ki bin
d6i nAng cfmg sullt }{In, cae M dQng cho may nAng - chuyl'i'n dB.
dung cac b d6i thyristor thay cho cac cd dung may khuch
. dlili cung nhl1 to.
B d6i thyristor c6 nhil1u tiu dil'i'm han hAn so voi bQ bin ddi quay: quan Hnh
nM, dO nh(ly cao, kich thuOc vA tl'Qng II1Qng be han, cho phep tE,to dl1Q'c nhung
dQng c6 cAe chi kinh t vA kI cao.
8
Chuong 2
TRANG B!
" , "
TII CAU TRl,IC
2.1. NHiiNG DIEM CO BAN ClIA TRUYEN D(jNG
VA TRANG B! CAU TRl,lC
Ch d lAm cua cae co C!lu diu tr .... c dU'Qc xBC dinh tll cae y(!u cl1u cua qua tdnh
cOng ngh.;!, chue na.ng cua cl1u trl,lC trong day sAn xmlt. CAu W. cAu cua
cliu tr1,lc nlt da dl;lng. Khi thit k vA eM' tl;lo M th6ng vA M truytm
dil;!n phBi phil hQp vOi tung lo,p ci,I tM',
Cau tr1,lc trong phAn xuang tMp III MActanh, trong cae phAn xllong
phai dAm bAa cAe chi ld thu$t trong eM' dO qua d. Cl1u tr .... c trong cae phAn xllong
'. lAp rap phAi dAm bAa qua trlnh rna may dill chlnh t6c dO rQng, dung chfnh
xac dung noi Illy hAng vA hang v.v ...
Cae co du cua cl1u tI1,lC lam trong eM' dO c,/c kl : tlin so dong d.t
lOn, ch de) qua d xAy ra nhanh khi rna may, ham vA dAo
Tit nhung dim tr@n, co thl! dua ra nhung yAu ca bAn d6i vtJi
dc)ng va trang bi cho cac ca Clla cAu tr1,lc :
1- Sa d6 truc clla h/1: tl,i' dOng ddn giAn.
2- Cae phn tu- c!u thi'Lnh co d tin cao, dan gii'Ln ca:u tl;\o, thay thl! dAng.
3- Trong sd d6 phAi cO bAa ap "khOng", qua till va ngdn Iru,lch.
4- Qua trlnh rna may ra theo mOt dUQc dinh slln.
5- Sd do dieu khie'n cho tung dOng co ri.!ng dOc
6- Co cOhg tAc hanh trlnh chI! hanh trlnh til!n, lui cho xe ca:u, xe con
chI! hanh trlnh l!n cu.a Cd clu nAng -' h\.l.
7- DAm bAo h\.l hAng a t6c dO thilp.
8- Tl,i' dOng cAt ngu6n c4p khi cd ngU'bi lAm viec tr@n xe cilu.
2.2. TiNH CHQN cAc PHAN TO" TRONG TRUYEN D(jNG
VA TRANG B! CAU TRl,lC
1. Tinh chQn cong suat dling cO
a) DQng cd tr'uy4Sn dQng cd cft":u na.ng -
Dng co dng CO c4u nAng - giu vai tro quan trc;mg trong cae may nAng
- chuye'n noi chung vA trong cl1u tI"\lC noi rl(!ng. Dng Cd dng co nAng
- h\.l lam viec a chI! dO nglin hl;\n ll;li, n(!n khi chQn cOng dc)ng Cd phAi tinh
den cA ph1,l tAi dc)ng.
9
'.
*) Tinh toan tdi tinh. Ph\! tAi Hnh
cua co ctlu nAng - chu yffu 11\ do tAi trQng
dinh. xac dinh ph .... tAi dnh, phai
vao sa d6 dOng hQc CUB. co nAng -
C\l Gia su co sa d6 dQng hQc nhu
blnh 2-1.
- Phl,l tai tinh khi nAng co tAl
(G + GalR,
M , [Nml (2-1)
n ui1lc
Trang do :
G - lU'Qng cua' too trQng, [N].
Go - trQng hi'Qng eua bl) Ia:y tAi [N].
- bAn k{nh cua tang nAng, [m].
u - bQi e6 cia M th6ng rong rQC.
1/.c - Built cda co ctlu.
- ti 86
2rcR
t
n
v
(2-2)
Trang dd : v - Me de:) nAng tAi, [m/s]
n - t6c dQ quay cua dQng co, [vg/s]
Trong cae cOng thac dnh tnm, hiQu sl.l!t 'lc
Illy Mng dinh mac khi tAi t.rQng dinh muc.
Dng v6i. cae tAi tl"Qng kM.c dinh mue, cdn X3c
. 'lc thee t8i tl'Qng nhU' trW lllnh 2-2.
10
XRc djnh 'lc dya thea M 96 mang tAi ;
P,

P
cdm

0.8
75 ";111
tf". =O,i.f 6,
U,2L-__
U 0.1. tZf P.I 9,8 1
Hlnh %-1
Quan he phl,l thuQc '10 thoo tai tll;mg.

/' ..... /c
/ .... ,
7 I \
, I J----t3
\ .. }':: -..,,1
'
" , .-
/ .... _-_... ,
I \
1\'
, 4
I I
\ '
\ "
, I
, ;
......- ...
---

t
Hlob 1-1
&I d6 dOng hQC cua cO du nang - h(l dung moe.
1- Tr\IC vii; 2- Bdith vii; 3- TTU)'ln d(jng bdith rang;
4- TangMtg; 5- IJphQnmtx:Mng; 6-- M6c; 7-lJngcu;
A- IAtmco djnhcap.
- Ph\! tAi tlnh khi nAng khOng tai :
M
no
GaRt
. ,[Nm]
U,l1l
c
- Ph\! tAi tInh khi h@ tAi.
(2-3) ,
Co tM cO hai eM' dQ h@ tAi : dng
l"e va hAm. dng h,te th1,te khi
tAi trQng nh6. Khi do m{)men do too trQng
gfl.y ra khOng du d thl1ng mOmen ma StU
trong co ctlu, May lam ache dQ
dng co,
ham th\!'c khi hfiL tAi trQng Um. Khi do mOmen do tAi trQng gay ra :nit Ion.
May dij)!n phai lam d eM' dQ hAm de giu eho tSi tn;mg dU:Qe vai t6c dQ 5n dinh
dOng khOng cd, gia t5e),
De xAe dinh mOmen tran tr1,lc cLla dng cd khi hfiL tAi, thlle vAi phep bilin
dOi sau :
GQi mOmen tn,Ie dOng Cd do tAi tI"9ng gAy ra khOng co t6n thAt IA M
t
thi
(Go + G)R
t
M, = , [Nm]
u .1
(2-4)
Khi hI;!. tAi, nAng htgng dU:Qe ttt: phia tAi sang cd cl[u dOng, nlln :
Mh = M
t
- .6.M = M
I
, '1h ' {Nm] (2-5)
Trang do: Mh - mOmen tn,IC dong co khi hfiL tAi, {Nm]
.6.M - tdn tMlt mOmen trong Cd cllu dOng, (Nm]
'1h - Bullt cua Cd clio khi hfiL tAi.
Nt1u M
t
> .6.M - h, hAm, MI < .6.M - hI;!. dOng
Coi tdn thllt trong cO cllu na.ng - hfiL khi nAng tAl vA khi h, tAi nhu: nhau, thl
M, 1
"M = - - M = M (- - 1) (2-6)
,'1c t l'1c
Do do
1
=M -M (--1) =M(2
I t '1c I
= (Go + G) R, (2 _
u.i '1c
So sAnh hai thllc (2-5) vA (2-7) ta co :
1
'1h = 2 - '1c
(2-7)
(2-8)
D6i vlJi nhung tAi tl'9ng tllong d6i llJn ('Ie > 0,5) ta cd '1h > 0 , Mh > O. do
co nghla lA m6men dOng CO vlti mOmen phl,! tAL DOng CO lam C1
dO hf;L hAm. Khi tAi tl'Qng tU:dng d6i nh6 ('1c < 0 .. 5) thi 'Ih < 0, Mh < 0, mOmen dOng
Cd cung vlJi mOmen phl,! tAi. DOng Cd liUn 0: chli dO hfiL dOng
-) Tinh toan M 86 tilp tliong d6i TD%. Chu kl lAm cua cO cllu nAng -
hfiL baa g6m cAc giai dOfiLn sau : h$ khong tAi, nAng tAi, h, tAi vA nang khOng tSi (giua
cae giai do,n thu:bng cd thbi gian nghl).
Khi t!nh wan M s6 tu:dng chUng ta bO qua thbi gian ham :mAy w mes mAy.
Thbi gian too.n bO 1 chu kl lAm clla cd cl[u nAng - h, cd tinh dllQc thea
nAng sullt Q vA tAi trQng dinh mile G
dm
.
3600G
dm
T,,= Q [,]
(2-9)
TD% =
. 100% (2-10)
11
'.
Trang d6 : TJv - thbi gian li'!m cUB. mOt chu kl, xac thea di@u lam
c\! th@' cUa cd cl1u.
*) ChQn so b c"ng 8u6.t dl)ng co. Ch9n sci bQ cling 8Ul1t d()ng Cd cO thea ph\! tru.
trung blnh M
lb
hal).c thea ph\! tAl. dAng trj. Mdt hl;lP v{Ji s6 tiep tU:dng d6i TD%.
Ph\! tAi trung blnh, phl,l tAi dang tinh thea cae bi{fu thuc sau
n
I M,t,

Tok
To"
Trang d6 : M
j
- trj. 86 mOmen ung vtri khaAng thbi gian tj ;
(2-11)
(2-12)
k = (1,2 + 1,3) - h(l a6, phl,l thuC vi'!a d nMp nhO cua d6 thi ph\! tw, tlin s6 rna
may, ham may.
d(!' chQn cOng BUl1t d(lng cd :
*) Kiim
MdmDC;e. Mtb
M
dmDC
;e. Mdt
(2-13)
D@' ki{fm cOng sul1t dOng cO da. chQn, clln phAi xtiy d.,rng bi{fu d6 ph\! till
cMnh x8.c. Sau kbi dl\ dl1n thbi gian rna may, ham may vi'! thbi gian nghi cua dQng
co, tinh thbi gian di(ln tUdng d6i th(1"c.
. I,+II'h+It,=
TD%lh = T . (2-14)
ok
Trang do L tj - Wng thbi gian li'!m
L tjh - Wng thbi gian hAm.
L - Wng thbi gian ma may.
va tinh ph\! tAi chinh xAc thea dl;li lUQng dAng tri. Mdta:.
D()ng cd dil ch9n Ii'! dung nl1u th6a. ml\n yllu diu :
M
te
< M
dmDC
M
Ie dta: TD %
"
Trang do : M
te
- Ii'! mOmen quy ddi M 56 di(ln tiau chud:n.
TD
te
% - B6 til1p tillu chut(n : 15%, 25%, 40%, 60%.
Chli. Y :
(2-15)
(2-16)
+) D6i vlli dOng Cd mOt chi@u Idch ttr dOc l..$.p khi khOng di@u chlnh tu thOng,
d@' cl)ng sul1t dOng Cd, c6 sU: d1,lng phuong" phap Wn thl1t trung blnh
hay dbng cOng sul1t m{)men dAng trio
12
D6i vai co mOt klch til: n6i tilp, n@n su d\mg phuong pM.p tdn tha:t
trung blnh va dong di(\n dAng trio
Doi voi d()ng cd kh6ng d6ng phuong phAp tdn tha:t trung binh va dong dii]!n d:1ng
cbo qua chinh xac han so voi cae phuong phap khac.
+) tra tri 86 gia t6c cua tung cd ca:u c\l tM' cua cau trl,lC.
Theo s6 kI va sd do dfiu da.y cUa dQng cd xac dinh mOmen rna may va
mOmen ham may cua dQng cd.
D6i v{li co khOng d6ng rotor 16ng soc, co Hiy tri 86 trung binh khOng
d6i cua m6men trong thbi gian ha.m vA mO mAy thea biEru thac
1
M
1bmm
= 2" (MI + Mmm> (2-17)
D6i vlli dQng co di(\n rna mAy bAng dii]!n tra
1
M
tbmm
= 2" (M! + M
2
)
(2-18)
Trong do M
t
- mOmen tlli hl;l.n cua ca.
Mmm - mOmen mO mAy.
Ml va M2 - mOmen cl,1c va m6men chuya'n til"!'p khi rna may.
Gia t6c cua dQng cd tlnh thea thac :
dw M
tbmm
- Me
dt J
(2-19)
Khi khai dC)ng nling tAi va hl;l. tai Me > 0, khi khOi dOng bl'}. dQng Il,1C Me < O. Trong
qua trl.nh ham cUa c!(lng co, da:u cua Me cling dUQc dc dinh tuong tl,1 nhu thea
tU'ong quan giua Me va mOmen 00. Nl"!'u dung hAm Mng cd khi (d9ng cd
cat ra khoi ngu6n di(\n) thl hi s6 cua dOng co thay thl"!' b!\ng M
he
cua bQ ham
cd khL
b) TInh chc;n c6ng sua:t dOng co cho cac cd ca:u di chuygn theo phuong
nllm ngang
Vi d\l diErn hlnh cha cd du di thea
phuong ngang Ii'! cd ca:u xe du va xe
con Clla ca:u tr\lc. Sd diS Il,1C dUQc gioi
trl!n hlnh 2-3.
Ph\l tru tInh cua co ca:u la do Il,1C can
chuya'n dOng ga.y ra. Ll,tc do bao g6m hai
thanh phl1n chfnh : b,tc rna sAt la.n dU'bng
di F 1 va b,tc rna sat trong cd trv.c bAnh xe
F
et

Thanh phan F 1 dUQc xac dinh thea bia'u
thuc :
Fl =
(Go + G). f
R"
[N]
r
,'" ("
( 8) 0 )
vf'4,
'///
mob 2-3
So d6 Il,le cia co cau di ehuyen
thea phllOng mm ngang.
. ,
(2-20)
13
'.
Trong do Go - trc;mg hlc;fng ban thAn cO cllu, [Nl.
G - tl'Qng hlc;fI1g tA.i trgng, [N].
Rb - bAn klnh bAnh xe, [cm].
f - M s6 rna sat lAn, [cm}.
Nl'!u bAnh xe blng thep IAn dllbng ray thl f = (0,05 + 0,1) cm
Thanh ph'n 1l,fC F ct dllQC xAc theo bilru thuc :
F et = (Go + G) p. , [N]
(2-21)
Nl'!u dbi di{!'m di,U cua nAy vanh banh xe thl dnh theo thuc :
[NJ .
(2-22)
Trong do : p. - la M s6 rna sAt trllQt : khi dung fS truQt p. = 0,05 + 0,08; khi
dung fS bi P. = 0,01 + 0,05.
R
ct
- ban k(nh cfs tT\lC, [cm].
Toan b h,1'C d:)t Um banh xe Ia :
Go + G
R" (u I\" + I), [NJ
(2-23)
D6i vOi cAe Cd Cl1u co bAnh xe sAt IAn dllbng ray, phAi tmh dlfu hlc can rna sat
git18 mep banh xe va d\1bng ray. LljC do d\1Qc dnh tMm blng M 86 dlj trft: k, va toan
bO can trong tr\1bng hQP nay se la :
Go + G
F', k.F, k R" (uR" + I), [NJ
(2-24)
sfs k d\1c;fC Il1y tit thljC M va klnh hAnh.
vi d: - D6i vbi xe du khi dung d hi: k = 1,5 + 2,'khi dung d tnt.: k = 2,5 + 4.
- D6i v{ji 1e con, tlldng dng Ut. : k = 1,25 + 1,6 va k = 2,5 + 3,2.
co Cl1u di dl1bng d6c cd gdc a, toAn bQ II,fC can F" e d\1QC
tlnh theo thdc :
14
Go + G
F"c = R-o (.u Ret + f) cosa (Go + G) sina, [N]
(2-25)
D6i v{ji cAe CO Cl1u lAm viec ngoli trbi, c'n phAi tlnh tMm Iljc can cua gio :
Trang do
F. + O,lqvj;, [NJ
C - s6 kinh = (0,8 + 0,9)
r - trQng 111Qng riflng cua khOng khi, (12 N/m
3
)
q - diQn dch cAn gi6, [m
2
]
g - gia t6c trQng trubng, [9,8 m/s
2
].
v:L - t6c dQ tfSng cua Cd Cl1u vA gio, [mls].
(2-26)
COng sua:t vA mOmen tr\lc cua dOng co d\1Qc tfnh theo bigu thuc sau ;
Fcv
P, = 60. 100Q,z' [kW]
(2-27)

M =. ' [Nml
c 1 . 11
(2-28)
Trang d6
- Pc' Mc - c6ng Built vA m6men c!\n trl,lc CO
- Rb - ban klnh Mnh xe, [m]
- i - ti s6
- 11 - suilt cua Cd cilu
- v - t6c de) di thea phltdng ngang cua xe, [m/ph}.
ChQn c6ng sua:t d9ng cd, kiem c6ng suilt dng Cd dA ch(;m tii!n hanh thea
cac boac nhU: dA
c) Thl d1.l tinh chqn cfing suJit dj)ng co
Thl dt!- 1 : Xac djnh ph"\}. tAi tlnh khi nAng va cua Cd diu nAng - a cu tr1,lc,
cho biet : G
dm
= 20T ; "'ic = 0,82 ; Go = IT ; R! = 0,4m ; i = 75 ; u = 1 ; (ung voi
I
'. tai djnh muc, "2 djnh muc vA khOng too).
- M6men tren trl,lc dng Cd khi nAng tAi bAng djnh muc
(Go + G)R, (20 + 1).0,4.1000
M = -'-;:::0-----' = = 136,5kGm = 1340 Nm.
nl iu l1c 75. 1 .0,&2
- M6men tr1,lc dng Cd khi h$ voi tw bAng djnh muc :
(2
= (20 + 1)0,4.1000 ( __ 1_)
75 I
2 . 0,82
.
= 87 kGm :::::: 850 Nm.
- Khi nAng tAi tr9ng bAng { dinh muc, sua:t "tra thea bieu des a hlnh 2-2 Ie.
= 0,746.
M = (I() + 1).0,4.1000 = 78,64 kGm = 771 Nm.
--n, 75.0,746. I
I
- Khi h$ tAi tt"Qng bAng "2 dinh mdc
_ (10 + 1).0;4.1000 ( __ 1_)
M", - 75 2 0,746
= 38,6 kGm "'" 379,4 Nm
- MOmen nAng khi kh6ng tw, sua:t 11 = 0,258. Tra theo bUiu d6 a hlnh 2-2.
GoR!
= il1
u
1.0,4.1000
= 75.0,258. I = 20,67kGm = 202 Nm
- MOmen h$ khOng tAi :
15
'.
GoR, ( 1) 1.0,4.1000 ( 1)
2-7j = 75.1 2-
0
,258 = -9,96kGm=-97,5Nm.
MOmen hl;l khang tAi Mh3 < 0 co nghla III co cl'[u lAm a chEf dO hl;l dOng l\lc.
Thl dl!- 2 : Tfnh chon cOng sul'l:t dOng cd truylln dOng xe d.ll (dng Cd khong
d6ng b rOto dAy quAn) cho biEH : h.1Qng xe cliu Go = IT; Uti trQng dinh
mde G
dm
= lOOT; t6c dO di chuyG'n v = 55
m
/ph ; It,1c can chuyn dOng khi trQng
Ui djnh mde Fe = 6480N, vA khi trQng tAi Feo = 3240N, sul'[t cua cd dIu
'l = 0,85 ; ti 96 i = 18, dubng kinh banh xe D = O,35m ; mamen qUaD Hnh
cua cac bl) ph(l.n quay cua Cd cl'[u quy d6i tr1,lC dOng cd J 1 = 0,15 kGm
2
; thbi
gian xe ditng dG' thao Uti trQng tol = 100s ; thbi gian lAy tAi to2 = 1508. HAm dng
cd bang CO' ci'lu phanh Cd khi co mOmen phanh MPh = 78,5 Nm. Cung d1.1Ong dtch
chuyi!n tai trc;mg 1 = 5Om.
- Thbi gian xe cliu chl;lY h{;'t qua.ng dubng :
t = =
50.60
55
= 55s
v
- s6 tiep dit;!n tUdng d6i :
TD% 21 . 100%
2t + tol + to2
2 x 55 x 100%

2 x 55 + 100 + 150
- Cang Built dnh tr"il tr1,lc dng CCJ khi tai bAng dinh muc :
= 30%
p
,
Fc'v 6480.55
l000'ldm = 1000.0,85.60 = 6,98 kW .
- COng sul'l:t can tInh khi xe cliu khOng tAL Ta cd sullt 'l = 0,78 cung voi
1
tAi bAng '2 thea d6 thi hlnh 2-2
3240.55
o 7 60 3,8 kW .
100.0,8.
Nu chQn cang sullt dQng co thea cang liIullt trung binh thl :
Pct + Peat 698 + 38
P dm = k 2t = 1,25 ' 2 = 6,73 kW .
Dng cd khOng co M s6 quy chulin TD% = 30% nan phAi. quy d6i
dng Cd cO TD% = 25%.
Khi do :
p' p TD .. % 673 J30% 7,73kW
dm dm TD
tc
% ' V 25%
- T6c d CUB dng CCJ dUQC tinh tu t6c d cua banh xe :
. v.i 55.18
nd/c = nb 1 = nDb = 3,14.0,35
Trang do : nb - t6c d cua Mnh xe [vg/ph].
16
Thea sa tay tra ctlu ta chQn dng co kMng d6ng bQ 'rOto dAy qulln kuru MT-22-6
vai cac th6ng s6 kI : Pdm == 380V ; TD% = 25 ; P din = 7,5 kW ; n
dm
= 945
vg
/ph;
AM = 2,8 ; J = 0,26 kGm.
2. Tinh toan va ch(,ln co CAll phanh ham
Phanh hAm la mi)t b kMng the trong cac Cd diu chInh cua
Phanh dung trong cAu tr1,lc thuong cd ba : phanh gu&:, phanh dIe vA phanh dai
Nguyfln H dOng cua cac phanh noi tr(in co ban gi6ng nhau. Khi di)ng co
cua cd cllu dong vAG luai thl dOng thai cun dAy cua nam chAm phanh hAm cling
cd Ll,ic hut cua nam chAm thAng ll,tc can Cua 10 giAi phdng tl'\1C dOng co de
dOng Cd lam Khi cat cun dAy nam chAm cling mAt cAng cua 10 xo
se ep ch!).t rna phanh VaG tr1,lc dng co, de ham.
Phanh hiim tu thuong cM' ts;lo theo hai kieu : hAnh trlnh pha.n tlng dai (hang
ch1,lc mm) va hanh trinh pha:n tlng ngQn (vai mm). LOs;li hanh trlnh dAi yflu cAu Jl,iC
hut nh6, nhung diu cd khi cOng Mnh va phtlc Th\1c thuang dung phanh
, hilm hal)h trlnh ng:in.
'.
So do dng h9C cua phanh dai va phanh guDC giai blnh 2-4.
"),-.....
I"
J)
fS)
",
L
l
I(
,
,
"
"'" .... 4
finc
I I
L
AIrH--'--.--=-+-l
,
,
,
,
.. I
Hlnh 2-4
so d6 dOng hQc ella phanh hAnh trinh &Ii.
0- Phanh doi .. b - Phonil guoc.
2 TBtlflT A
Khi cuOn dAy cua nam chAm cd luc
hut cua nam chAm se nAng canh tay don L
Mn, lam cho dai phanh (h0!.ic gu6c phanh)
ep VBo tr1,lc dOng cd. Khi mat
do tl,t trQng cua nam chAm G nc vA d6i
tI"9ng phanh G ph ' dnh tay don hli\ xu6ng
vA dai phanh ghi chl),t t1"\lC dOng co.
D6i vlii loIP phanh hanh trinh n!'n, khi
m4t duM t9.c d1,lng cua Il,tc III xo, dai
phanh tip lAy tt1,1C dQng ca.
Khi chQn co: Cu phanh clin chu y 3
thOng S6 Co: ban : lip lAm M 56
tUc:'ng, d6i (TD%) vA dO dAi hEmh
trlnh !?'fJ.B ph4n ;dng tri 66 goc quay
llin nhAt)
" ,
a) ,Tlnh .ota. va 11JB chQn phanh cho
co cu nAng- h".
,
L\tc tAc d1,lDg t1"\lC dQng co: khi phanh
phl,l thuOc vAo hi 86 mOmen_,cia co: cAu phanh
vA dO lAm c'fJ.a Cd cl1u
cAn tI:nb khi tAi vOi tAi djnh
mac:
M = (2 INmJ (2-29)
di I.U rz '
17
'.
Trong do G
dm
- tAi trQng dinh milc, [N]
Go - trc;mg hlQng cua cd cllu Mc hitng, [N]
R
t
- ban klnh Clla tang, [ml
i - d s6
u - s6 nhanh cua rbng rQC
tz - sullt cua cd ctlu.
Tily dt') litm cin s6 d1,l tru: k. H(l s6 dlj tru nity phI,!. thuOc vito
dQ lam nhl1 trong bAng sau
ChI'! d litm s6 k
Nh,? nhitng (Nh) 1,5
Trung blnh (Tb) 1,75
(Ng) 2,0
Rat n(tng ne (RNg) 2,5
Tu d6 mOmen cua Cd cllu phanh :
MPh = k.M
ch
'
(2-30)
b) Tlnh toaD va ehQn pbanh cho co eu di chuytiin xe eau va xe con
Trong doh toan vit chqn lofP phanh cho cd ctlu nily, c4n chd. y lit mOmen do phanh
ra khOng dl1QC Ian hdn tri sO: mOmen mit baob xe cd tM truQt theo dl1bng ray.
Tri s6 gia t6c Ian nhllt cho phep khi phanb luc co ctlu eli chuyt1'n thul),n theo chieu
gi6 ,
Trang d6 : t5 - M s6 trc;mg IUc;Jng bam
r - s6 nbBm giua banh xe w. dubng ray
f3 - s6 rna sat truQt, (3+5) 10-
4
ret - M.n kinh cd' tl'1,lc, [m]
Rb - bAn klnh banh xe, [m]
f - he s6 ma sat lAo, (8+10) 10-4, [m]
F g - 11,lc cAn cua gi6 1m2, [N/m
2
]
S - dch cAn gi6 'cua cd ctlu, [m
2
1
G - tl'QDg h1Qng cua co cAu khi khOng mang tlli, [N],
(2-31)
Vai trl s6 gia t6c a, t6c d di chuyt1'n v de dinh, cd, dnh duQC thbi gian phanh
t
ph
' vii mOmen phanh :
(1,1 -
f3 ,ret + f
( R" ), [Nml
(2-32)
18 2 ,880T 8
Trong do J
d/c
- m5men qmin tinh cua dl)ng Cd dl)ng, Ikgm2]
w
d/c
- t6c dl) quay cua dng cd, [radig1
J - mOmen quan tinh cua toan M tac d\lng lfln banh xe, [kgm2]
W - t6c dl) quay cua banh xe, [rad/s]
i - ti s6 cua Mp giAm t6c.
c) Tinh chQn nam chAm. cua co cllu phonh
LI,1C can thit ma phanh (lI,1C hdt'lng tdm) blng
1
F = :uFh
Trang d6 : !1 - rna sat (neu ma phanh lam tU amiAng va puli hdm
bAng gang thi f.l = 0,35)
LI,1C hut cua nam chAm F nc' hanh trinh cua phan ung yflu cl1u h
ll
, d11QC xac dinh
.theo thuc sau
1
(Fnchll)yc = F.h?l.k
Trang do : F nc - II,1C hut cua nam chAm
htl - hanh trinh phan ung
h - hanh trinh khi hdm
71. - sua:t
k - M 56 dV tru: (0,75 + 0,85).
Nam cham ham phi\i co tich 56 (F nc.hLJ) > (F nc.hLJ}Yc
3. Tinh ChQD nam chA.m lAy tlli cua dlu tr1)c til
(2-33)
Cliu tn,IC tu khac voi cac lol;li. cau tr\lc th5ng thl1bng 0: co cl1u Hiy tAi : thay cho moc
gliu la ml)t nam chAm di(!n. Hlnh dl;.lng, klch thut'lc cua nam chAm d11QC chi!
thanh cac nhl1 trfln hinh 2-5
a) Nom chAm Illy tiii hinh trim, dung cac chi tii!t M.ng gang, slit
. c6 k[ch thl1t'lc khOng Mn, hlnh dl;.lng khac nhau (sAt tbep V\lD, phoi, dinh v.v ... )
b) Nom chAm trim 16m m"t cAu, dung cac v(lt thd hlnh cliu Mn
c) Ban tii hlnh chit nhj).t, dung M v(in chuyln cac v(it dai nhl1 : thep Uim, dl1ang
ray, 6ng tMp dAi v.v ...
d) Xa nam chAm, dung dd cac v$.t sil!u truong, Siflu trQng.
Khi thii!t ki! cliu tr\lc tu, ctin chu y hang d21u lA vl1n d@ cung ct(p di(!n (hI) tiflu th\l
1) M IO!J.i tru 81,1 c6 va nhung trl1bng hQp khOng may do tsi t"(Qng roi tv do.
Che dl) lam cua nam cM.m Hiy tAi lA chi! dQ ngAn h!J.n l:p, co h(! so tiep
di(!n tl10ng doi bAng 50%, chu ki lam khOng It'ln han 10 phut. Ni!u cuang dl) lam
vi$c cua nam cham s6 It'ln han 50% thi clin giAm di(ID ap
cl,1c nam chAm.
19
'.
Iflnh 2-5. Nam chAm lay tiii
Il - HllIh lrt>" ; b - Hlnh fron /{)m m(lt eau ; c - Hlnh eM nh41 ; d - Xa nam cham.
U = 220 TD50 % = !55,5
cP TD % l/TDth
"
(2-34)
Trang d6 : U cp - ap cho phep Ian CUn
nam cham kbi TDso% == 50%.
TDth % - 86 til!p th\ic.
4. Tinh ChQD duong day tiep cho cau
(duilng tr61Ay)
Cae cd cau ella c.1u tr1,lC la nhung thil!t hi
kh6ng c6 dtnh, cho nen c.!lp dil;in cae
dOng cd truyen dOng, cae thil!t bj diElu
khin dung m/)t M th6ng d!fc
g9i lit duong trOlAy. C6 the dung hai
: M tiep cllng va M.ng
day mem, Duong tigp di(m bang da.y mem chi
20
oj
J
J)
t
+
IDnh 2-6. Ket cAu ella he tifp cling.
Q - KIt c411 c,m gid dq dul1ng liep
b - Kli c6u Clln b My difll.
dUQc phep dung khi cung duong di C'huy@"n Clla Cd cliu kMng qua Ian. Dl1bng tiep di(!n
cung thl1bng dung thep goc (50 x 50 X 5) va (75 x 75 x 10) mm.
Hinh 2-6 mo t:1 ket diu c.ua tiep cung.
Thep goc 1 dt1Qc ga trl\n giA do dl1bng tiep nam dl10i diu tr\lc va cach di(!n
ba.ng su do 2.
B lAy baa g6m thep goc 1 ga lAn dau n6i cap ba.ng gang 3. Cap mem 4 se cfip
di$n den cac dQng Cd va thiet bt dieu cua cQu trl,lC.
Cac dQng Cd truyen dng cAc cd diu cua diu tl1,lC co M 86 tiep khac nhau, ni'ln
qua trinh dnh ch(?D dl1bng tiep thl,ic thea cae bvoc sau
- Tinh t6ng dong djnh mue cua cae dQng Cd.
n
1
41m
= L I(lmi
i= 1
- Tinh t6ng dong dinh muc eua eac dQng Cd cung cO M s6 ti($p nhv nhau.
n
1
41m
! = L Idmi ang v6i TD,%
J = 1
b1dng tl,i nhl1 dnh eho I:E:lmlI ung vai TDu% v.v ..
- Tinh M s6 tiep di$n trung binh.
+ TD,,%
I:LdmlI
+
ILJm
- Tinh dong cl,ie trong 30 ph thea M so hi$u dl,lng k
j
.
lmax30 = k
j
. I Llm
Thea tri 86 cua ImaxJO ta co th@" ch9n dl1Qe tit cua dl1bng day tiep di$n.
Kil1'm tra d(l 8\lt Ap dl1bng dAy tiep cho day ddn bang dong va nhom thea
cling thuc :
- D6i vCfi dong m(lt chi@u :
2ImaxL
= (J .. SU
dm
100%
- D6i v6'i dong dililn xoay chieu
is..I
ITlBX
Lcasp
SU 100%
G dm
Trang do Imax - dang C1,l'c [A]
L - chieu dAi dl1bng tiep (m]
(J - Buat di$n d.n eua lam dl10ng tiep (d6ng (J = 57,
nMm t'5 = 35 [ m J)
Q. mm
2
S - tit dl1bng tip [mm
2
]
21
"
U dm - ap dtnh muc cua h16i, [V].
D6i v{Ji dllbng dili!n lam bAng sAt, d 81,lt ap cifn tInh cA hai thanh phAn
thuifn tra va khang.
{3 (Rcosrp + Xsintp) Imax
U 100%.
dm
L\u% =
Trang do : R, X - tra thuan va khang cua dubng tiep tren dq dhl
1m, [Dim].
Khi dnh toan, thubng chQn costp = 0,65 + 0,7 va sintp = 0,75 + 0,7.
5. Bang bao
Cac khl c1,l tr1,lc dUQc b6
tri tren mt bang
trong hu6ng IAi gQi IA bang bAa
Chuc nAng cua bang bAa
vii! :
- Baa ngAn mf,lch vA qua
tai,
- Baa v(! ap nkhOng",
- VA mt s6 chuc ndng bAa
khac.
Cd hai bAng baa :
bang bAn xaay (hlnh
2-7a) va bang baa m9t
(hinh 2-7b).
Cac khf c1,l bang baa
baa g6m : cliu daa CD, rong
tAc to dllbng dAy Dg, role dong
cVc dl;\i ORC, 1RC, 2RC,
3RC, nut bl'lm rna may M, cOng
tac ngling sl,i" c6 CT, cifu chi
CC, cae cOng Mc hanh trlnh
KNN KTT, KTN, KTC, KNC.
Trj s6 chinh djnh cua cac
role dong cl,i"c dl;\i 1RC,
2RC va 3RC IA :
ltd = (2,25 + 2,5) I
dm

Trang do : ltd - dong tac
dQng cua role
I
dm
- dong djnh muc
cua dQng cd.
22
Hloh 2-7. Bang 000 ve.
a - chiell i b - chiell,
IKe
......
v
,0
'.
56 ehinh dinh eua role dong diQ:n d/ili ORC Ia :
ltd := 1,5 (Idml + I
dm2
+ I
dm3
)
Trong d6 : I
dm1
; Idm2 ; 113m3 - dong dtnh mue eua cae dl)ng Cd la.p tI'l,lC.
2.3. MOT SO sa Db KHONG CHE CAU TRI,IC OlEN HiNH
1. khiin cAn tr\lc bAng be) kh6ng che dQng l.,c
Ccie bl) kh6ng ehlf dQng dung
dd dieu cAe tI'l,l.C c6
cOng 5Ul(t nha va trung blnh v{Ji
dQ lam nhl;l, trung blnh
va BQ kh6ng dQng ILje
co clI'u 4-0 ddn giAn, dang trong
cOng ngM 4-0, gili. thanh khOng
eao, dAng trong all d\mg vA dilu
khia'n ecie Cd clI'u eua cl1u tl'l,lC mQt
each Hnh hOl;\t, dut khocit. Thllbng
dung hai sd d6 kh6ng : d6i
xung vA khOng d6i xung. 0 sd d6
kh6ng ehl1 d6i xung thl n6i
dQng cd, hQ dnh CCJ eua dng
Cd hoAn toan gi6ng nhau khi quay
bQ kh6ng eM sang phBi sang
trm. nhung vj. tri cimg s6 thu .
. Sd d6 d6i x11ng nAy thllbng dung
cho 00 d1u di chuyl1n xe xe con
va CCJ cilu quay Mn ; vi d6i v6i
nhung CCJ c.u nAy d(lc dnh ca khi
ch(ly ho(!c lUi (tho$> hoI)c nguqc)
cd hOOn toon nhll nhau.
Sd d6 kh6ng eM khOng d6i xung
thllong dung eho cd e!1u nflng-hl;l ;
vi d6i v{Ji cd e!1u nay, dllong
dnh cd khi nAng va khi hl;\ phAi
khac nhau.
'fuln hinh 2-8 IA so d6 kh6ng
dQng 00 khOng d6ng bQ rotor dAy
dung bQ kh6ng eht1 dQng l'le
HT-51 (h$ tI'l,le dUng, d6i x11ng).
BQ kh6ng eht1 dQng nAy c6
11 vi trl : 5 v1 trl sang phAi
(1 + 5) ung voi eht1 dQ lam
(nflng - ehl;\y vA 5 vi trl
sang Mn trru - eh(lY ngttQ'e).
He
1

&!/If br/(J ye-
o ,
I I II 1 I KJ I I , I i I I ------1
I 1 1 . r.. IRe
II , IX7 l...-
-=-
... K(' "
",' ... ' i;"J ,;Is 'I U;:C 'I 1-';0
,
IIID
, , K2' ' '
K1
C7' 'I ID I '
N /"II"' J

.;. .IO",JJ ,,--
.., '.<6' II 'I
,
i
81
IT'
rt
.'
lr
I
I" i , ,
Ih' ........ ' lkr!t ...
,
I I
I
, '1
,
C
II I I I
I,
-101
,
, 0
1111
:\'
.
.......
\'

1"\
<0

'"
)(
'"

'\ ,
'"

"
tJ JlJ
I
,
I
I

,
,0:.
-
'2\
,
Iii

.......
Hluh 2-8. Khong che c() nang h.\I
bAng bI> khong che dOng ll,lc.
23
BI) kh6ng co 12 : 4 ti(fp d'-u (Kl, K3, K7 vA K5) dung cho
stator (dlllo quay cua dl)ng co), 5 ti(fp dU!m thea (K2, K4, K6, KS, Kl0) dung
cho ml;lch rotor (dong cAt tro phl,l trong ml;lch rotor) va 3 diem K9, Kll, K12
dung cho m(lch billa BQ kh6ng chI! dl)ng h,1c nllly co thl! su dl,lng M kh6ng chI! CO
cau ndng - h(l cling nhl1 cac co diu d.i chuygn.
Qua. trlnh rna mt\y, chlnh t6c dl) th\1c blng cach dong cAt dfin tra
ph\l trong m(lch rotOr cua dOng co.
Khi md may, quay tit tit vO lAng cua bQ kh6ng dOng Il,1'c til vj. trf nay sang vj.
tri kht\c dg tranh tllgng dong vA mOmen tAng ml)t each nhay v9t qua giai
h(ln cho phep. Cac dubng tinh cO cua dQng co dUQc hinh 2-S. Cac
chi g6 ghi dubng tinh co ung voi cac vt tri cua bQ kh6ng' Duong tinh
cd 1 dung dg khai dng dOng cd, vA khAc ph\lC ct\c khe he trong co cau h,1c
chung cua cap. Dubng tinh cd 2 dg tl;10 ra t6c dO th<'lp khi clin thiet. Tuy
vi cac dubng dnh cd nAy dl)ng co Him kern 6n dinh, do do
khOng th\1c h(l hAm 0 t6c dl) thap du:gc, rnA chi cd tM th\1C dllgc dQ
'hl;1 hAm vai t6c dO cao hdn t6c dO khOng tllli 1y tl1ong.
',.2. He truyen d(;ng cac co cliu CUB cAu tr\lc dung truyen d(;ng may phftt -
dQng cO (F-D)
D6i voi nhu:ng cau trl,lc t1'Qng tAi Ibn, dO lAm nl}ng can dap ling cac
cAu chinh t6c dO cUng nhu cac cliu ng$.t ngheo do c6ng ngM ra,
tM sit .d1)ng dl)ng co khOng d6ng bO v6i b kh6ng cM' dl;tng II,1'C khOng tM' thoa
miln ctU:Qe mil thubng dung dOng F-D.
dOng nily su d\lng cho cac cau tr1,1c e phAn xuong kim, Ia.p
rap v.V ...
DQng co dl)ng D. dUQc ctl:p ngu6n tit: may phat F. CUQn kich tu cua mAy phat
CKTF dU'Qc n61 'YiJi d'u ra cua may d(li tu tn1bng ngang MDKD. May
khuyl!ch dQ.i tu trubng ngang cO 4 COOn dil1u : cucin chu CCD, cucin pM.n h6i
Am ap CFA ; cuQn.-phllln h6i Am dong cO ngAt CFD vA cuOn 6n dinh COD.
M dQng blng bO kh6ng chi! chi huy KC cO hai vi trl : nAng vA hl;1.
Cwin chu CCD clla may (fifn. dQ.i cd:p tu may ph9.t kich tii
qua c8.c cUa cOngtActa nAng N vA h, H vil tt'd r
i
. CuOn' phAn h6i Am
ap CFA dlllm bAo qua trinh cu(lBg buc kic.h til cho m!1y khu)1!ch dl;li dl! giAm
thbi gian rna mAy cua M. Khi dung may, cUQn CFA dugc cap qua hai
thu:bng kin cUa cac cOngtActa N vii. H qua difn tro t
z
. Do phllln ang cua CF A, se lAm
giAm difn t\p du cua phAt vA cling chinh lA gilllm dbng dnh cua M F-D.
Trong quA trlnh lilm cucin CFA dUQc n6i villa phan ung cua may pht\t F qua hai
til!p N (hol),c H) vA hai di6t V3 (hol}c V4) vA dien tn) r
3
. chlnh t6c dl) quay
cua dOng co, thl,fC blng ca.ch thay ddi suc til dOng (s.t.d) sinh ra trong cul)n CFA.
o t6c dl) th<'lp, til!p cua cOngtActo gia t6c G k[n,. suc tii dcing sinh ra trong cun
CFA Ibn nhat. Suc tii dOng t6ng cua cae cuOn MDKD giAm vA t\p ra
cua may phat F gi:\m.
24
IDnb 2-9. He F-D lruybi dOng cd d1u mng -
Q - "SUfi'! U; b - D(k tiM 1;" CUD ca .
. '
% w
Z
fOO
IS
;ViJ/lf
S-
f
ZJ
AI
0
0 SO 6 S. fOO
ISO. Yo
2f
f
S.
;,:"
If
2
106
TAng t6c dQ dQng CO bAng cOch c.<!p
di(\n cho cUQn dAy cUa cOngtl1ctd G dan
s.t.d cUa cu/)n CFA giAm, SlJ:c" t\t
d/)ng Wng cUa :MDKD tAng di(\n
ap ra. cu.a may phat F tAng lm.
CuOn pha.n h6i Am dbng cO
CFD cua may d?i dung
dbng khi ma may va dAo
chiElu. Cu/)n phan hdi Am dong cO
nglit dll<;'C da:u vao di(\n ap roi
trCl shunt R
sh
. ap nay tl
.1(\ vOi dbng Clla d/)ng cO va dllQC so
sAnh vOi ap d/)c l(lp qua hai
di(ln tra phAn ap R.
Do cO cuOn CF,A, nen dQ.c tinh 00 cUa he sl! C1lng, diElu d6_d6i vOi M truyEln
dOng dn tr\lc IA khOng mong mu6n. Khi lAm trong cuOn CFO luOn cO dbng
qua dbng bAng .dien trH r
4
) nAb lite tfnh 00 0-- vilng lAm cO Mt di
do tac d\lng phan hdi Am cUa CFD. Khi dbng di9n c*a dOng ccf qua lern (IOn hon dbng
ngJit), ap roi dien tra ll:ln Ap Usb (h* Ui>d Clla. hai dit?:n
tra- phAn Ap R, trong cuOn CFO se; cO dbng ph\l ch(ly qUa lAm giAm sl1c tu dQng tdng
cua MDKD dllQC mOmen Clla. dOng 00.
nAng caa tinh dn djnh cda M th6ng,.ccS dn dinh C6D. CuOn dAy d6 dllu
vao cuOn dAy so clip cda ap dn djnh BA CuOn ad dp Clla. BA vAo cuOn klch
tu cua may phat qua di(ln tra cMf dbng rs'
Trang cua cuOn dAy klch tu cua dOng Cd cd role bAa v(l milt klch tu RTT va
di(ln tra phl,1 r9 va r
7
, 0 dO lam dn djnh, cuOn day klch ttl: cua dQng Cd dt(u
25
n6i tilfp v(:!i r
7
. Trang thai gian rna may, cua oongt;Acto KKD se ngAn
tre r
7
. qua la mOmen dOng cd sll tAng trong thbi gian khoi dQng. Thai gian
cd cua cun dAy cOngt;Aeto KKD dUQc dit1u cblnh bAng hai rdle thai gian 2Rth va
3Rth (0 nAng ehit1u
3. truy@n dOng cttc cO cAu eua cAu trl,tc dung bO bien ddi thyristor - dOng
cO m(it chih (T-D)
Nhung nAm gtin dAy, dng cho du tr1,lC dii dung bO ddi thyristor thay
cho bl? ddi quay (mAy pMt). Dung hi? bien ddi thyristor (BT) cd \iU diem:
giam trQng hlQng, kich thu:(:!c va cMIt lUQng ehinh nAng cao.
D6i v6"i cO cliu nAng - dung bl) BT se 1 s6 phuc trong m'1-ch dieu
khir$n Ia d M.m tai sinh.
D6i v(:!i co cliu di do cd anh hu:ong cua mOmen phAn kbang, cho nfm Sd d6
kh6ng che dAo don giAn dung cAe cOngtiietd dAo trong phAn dng Clla
dng ca.
Mt trong dng
co et(u nAng - dung T-D
'. giai hlnh 2-10.
DOng co dQng cd cllu
nAng h!..1 la dOng co mOt
kic"h ttt dOc lip
cung cho ph4n ang dng
cd Illy ttt bO bien ddi thyristor
qua hai cOngtfkto dao chieu
nAng N h!..1 H). CuOn
khAng CK lAp trong mfch ph4n
ung 19C dong ph4n dng. CK
Trang M cd cAc Mo
sau : bAo quA tAl blng
rdle dOng C11c dfi RDC,
ml;ich bAo cho cAe thyristor
Tl+T6 bAng cAe ph4n tu r
1
+r
6
va C
1
+C
6
.
.7.'
"
es(
'\ (
TI
Ii
Tf

T.
'j
TS
j'/
I
If
"
w
tY.-(
,
, ,
.
}f
KPe
tt
" "
RI
r;
1"7+
'(IlK

"

If

----
-
- j'/
-
"
H
Hlnb 2-10. He dQng T-D.
-
--

KT
CKTiJ
1>0 bil1'n ddi lA kMi KDK. Trang dit1u co hai mfch vOng :
vOng dOng RI vA vong t6c d RIO' Tin phAn hdi dOng Illy ttt ba
bien dOng 1 TI + 3TI, Un phAn h6i t6c dQ 14y ttt mAy phAt tdc FT.
4. So dh kh6ng chf cilu tu
(} dAy chi giei trong ph4n kh6ng che nam cha.m Illy tei. Trfm hlnh 2-11 gi6"i
hai sd d6 kh6ng che nam chAm Illy tAi hlnh.
26
let'
He
f
j 0) 1
el/ el/
He
f
mob 2-11. Sa d6 kh6ng che nam cha.m l1iy lai
a - LO(1i PMC - 50 i b - Lopi PMC - 150.
Khi d6ng kh6a K. cun dong ella cOngtdcta N cQc cOngtActd IN, 2N) cd di(ln,
hai til!p eua n6 dong ngu6n clip cho cun dAy cua nam chAm My tai, d6ng thbi
'. ngAt ngu6n cllp cho cu/)n dAy da cOngtActd H. Khi do co dong chay qua cu/)n dAy
Dam chAm lay tai NC vA qua cae tra ph6ng r
1
' r
2
va r3"
Thbi gian dong ngu6n cho NC Is. thbi gian ctf:n thit de thl,tc chuyen hAng.
Khi rna kh6a K, cae cun dAy cua cOngUictd N IN vii 2N) mAt Mng til!p
cua mlnh chung sa cAt ngu6n clip cho NC va. dong ngu6n dlp cho cu/)n day
ella cOngtActd H. Khi do cun day NC dUQc khep kin viJi rl' r
2
vA r3" NAng h1Qng
til: deh trong NC ph6ng qua cae tra ra 1 th a hai dtf:u
cUQn dAy cua cOngtActo H, dll lam cho no me dOng. Hai cua no dong NC
VaG ngu6n vai tinh nguqc khu tu du nhanh va tha tai trQng nhanh heln. Khi
dong chay qua r
l
' dao chieu, ap rdi no cO tinh nguqc vc;i ap rai
r
2
- din cuOn dAy H giam, du Me dQng nua va NC dng duqc
cAt ra khOi ngu6n ct{p.
27
Chrrong 3
. .'
TRANG B! DII;N - DII;N TU
THANG MAy vA MAy NANG
3.1. KHAI CHUNG
Thang may (may nAng) 18. hi vl\ln
tAi dung cha hang va ngubi thea phl1dng
thing dung. Nhting IOlili thang may
cd ket cAU cd kht phuc t!ilP, M
d/,'lng, M th6ng kh6ng chI! phuc t!;lP -
'. nang caa na.ng sullt, vl\ln hanh tin cl\ly, an
toano Tilt ca cae hi di{}n dUQc M.p
trong bu6ng thang va bu6ng may. Bu6ng
may thubng b6 trl " bing cung cua
giifng thang may. Kift ellu, sa do b6 trl
thiift bi cua thang may gWi
binh 3-1.
H6 gil!ng cua thang may 11 lit khoAng
khOng gian tu m(lt bAng sAn bing 1 cho
den day ging. Nu h6 ng cO dQ sAu hdn
2m thl phAi lam thAm cua ra vao. nAng
- hu6ng ngubi ta dung d/)ng Cd
6. DOng Cd 6 dUQc n6i tn,iC viJi CO diu
nAng qua hQp giAm tde. Nu n6i tn,iC
tip, hu6ng thang dUQc tree pUli qutln
n6i tip thl giua pUli qutln
cap vA dOng co cO lAp hQp giAm t6c 5 vl'li
ti 86 i == 18 + 120.
Khung cUa bu6ng thang 3 dl1Qc tree
puB qutln bAng cap kim 4 (thl1ang
dung 1 4 sQi cap).
Bu6ng thang luOn luOn dUQc giu theo
phuong thAng dang nhb cO gia tree 7 va
nhung con trl1Qt dAn hl1l'1ng (con truc;Jt la
puli truc;Jt cd bQc cao Bll ngeai).
Bu6ng thang vA d6i trQng di dQc
28
-144--
11
Hlnh 3-1. Ka vB b6 tri bi cUa thang mfIy.
'.
thea ehieu eaa eua thanh thea cae thanh dAn httong 9.
Bu6ng thang co trang bl) phanh hia (phanh du). Phanh baa giu bu6ng
thang eM khi dut cap, mfit va khi t6c d di chuygn Vligt qua (20+40)% t6e
dl) dtnh mac.
Phanh haa hil!m tbttbng dugc eM' t.f.ta thea 3 kil!u : phanh baa hiem kieu n@m, phanh
baa hiem kigu tdm vA phanh baa hiem kigu kim.
Trang cae lal;l.i phanh trm, phanh baa kieu kim dugc su dl,lng rng "tAi helD,
no dam baa eha bu6ng thang dung @m han. eliu clla phanh baa hiem kieu kim
dugc hil!u tren Mnh 3-2.
Phanh baa higm thuang dUQe lAp phia duai bu6ng thang, g<;>ng kim 2 trugt thea
thanh dAn huang 1 khi t6c dQ ella. budng thang blnh thu:ang. giua hai canh tay
don clla kim co n@m 5 gAn voi M dOng banh vlt - tr1,lc vlt 4. truyt!n dng
tr\lc vit co hai ren : ren phai va ren trai.
Cung voi eliu ella phanh bAa hiem, buang thang cO trang bt tMm ca cau
che t6e de;; kil!u ly tAm. Khi bu6ng thang di chuygn se lam eha ea el1u h(ln t6c dl)
kieu ly tam quay. Khi t6e de;; di ehuyen clla bu6ng thang tang, co eliu dai 3 se
lam cha tang 4 quay va klm 5 se ep bu6ng thang vaa thanh dAn huang va
che' tde d ella bu6ng thang.
, Hlob J-l. Phanh bao kieu kim.
1- Thanh dAn hu6ng; 2- G(J1IgkbntnzVt; 3- Dai truyfn;" - He vit- trliC vit; 5 - Ntm.
3.2. PHAN LOJ),I vA eAe THONG SO Ki THU;'T
eo BAN eUA THANG MAy
Tuy thue V3a ehuc n8.11&', thang may co thg phAn laf,li thea cae nh6m sau
1 - Thang may eha DgI1bi trong cae nhA cae,
2 - Thang may dung trang cae
3 - Thang may cM hang co ngttbi khien.
4 - Thang may dung trang nha An va thu
29
'.
PhAn lOI;li thea tl'Qng tai :
1 - Thang may nM Q < 160kG.
2 - Thang may trung blnh Q = 500 +- 2000 kG.
3 - Thang ma.y ial:li IOn Q > 2000kG.
PhAn lalili thea t6c d di :
1 - Thang may chlilY ch$.m v = 0,5mJs.
2 - Thang may t6c dti trung blnh v = 0,75 + 1,5m/s.
3 - Thang may caa t6c v = 2,5 + 5mJs.
3.3. TINH CHQN CCNG SUAT
DONG CO TRUYEN DONG THANG MAy
dnh chc;m d11QC cOng su!t dQng co dng tbang may clin cO cac ki(!n
vA tham s6 sau :
- So d6 dOng hQc cua thang may
- T6c d vA gia t6c Ion nhl'lt cha phep
- TrQng tAi
- 111c;fng pu6ng thang.
COng su!t tlnh cua dOng 00 khi nAng tai khOng dung d6i tI"Qng d11QC dnh thea cOng
thuc sau :
30
Trang d6 Gbl - kh6i hlQng bu6ng thang [kg]
G - kh6i hlQng bAng, [kg]
v - t6c dQ nAng, [mls)
g - gia t6c tl'Qng tr11bng, [m/s2]
rz - hiQ:u suAt cUa CO" Cl1u nAng (0,5 + 0,8).
(3-1)
Khi c6 d6i trQng, cOng su!t dnh cUa dOng Cd 11k nAng tl\i dl1QC dnh thea thuc sau :
Pen = {[G + GbtJi - G
dt
.rz}vkg.1O-3, [kW]. (3-2)
VA khi hl;l tAi
(3-3)
Trang d6 : Pen - cOng su!t dnh cua dng 00 khi nAng co dung d6i trQng
P eh - cOng sul'lt dnh cua dQng 00 khi hl;l co dung d6i trQng
G
dt
- kh6i 111Qng cua d6i trQng, [kg]
k - Oil tlnh Mn rna sat gifta thanh WIn bUbng va d& tn,mg (k = 1,15 + 1,3).
Kh6i 111c;mg cua d6i trQng dl1QC dnh thea thuc sau dAy:
G
dt
= G
hl
+ aG, [kg].
(3-4)
Trang do : a - M s6 cAn b!\ng (a = 0,3 + 0,6).
;
'.
Phlin 16:n cac thang mAy eM khach chI v$,n hAnh dl1y titi trvng nhung gtb can
thOi gian -dm luOn lam non tAi ; cho nm d6i vdi thang may cha kMch
ChQD M a6 a ::= 0,35 -I- 0,4.
D6i v{Ji thang may chc'J hllng, khi nling thllbng IS. diiy tl).i vii khi hl;l thu:bng Iii. khOng
tAi, nlm chc;m a = 0,5.
D\ia hai thuc (3-2) va. (3-3) c6 the xAy dl,1'ng dllt;JC biell dfi ph\! tAi vA
chc;m ad bl) cOng sullt cua dOng co thea s6 tay tra CUll.
Mudn xAy d\ing d6 ph1,l tAi chtnh xac, din phAi dnh thbi gian rna may, thbi
gian hl1m, thai gian dong, rna cua va 86 IAn dling cua bu6ng thang khi chuyen dl;lng.
ThOng s6 tllCfng d6i M tfnh toan cae thai gian trlln dllQ'C dua ra trong bAng 3-1.
Thbi gian ra, vAo bu6ng thang dllQC dnh gl1n dung ls/l ngubL 86 lAn dung (dnh
thea XBC su.!It) eua bu6ng thang co the dm thea cae dubng cong tr!n hlnh 3-3.
T6e dO
di ehuyen
(m/s)
0,5
0,75
1,0
1,5
2,5
3,5
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
V
V
Bimg 3-1
Thbi gian rna may T6ng thbi gian cOn (8)
vii hl1rn may v(1i khoang
Bu6ng thang Bu6ng thang Bu6ng thang
each giua ella Ung (s)
cd ci'ta rng co etta rng e6 ella rOng
3,6 met .. 7,2 met
duili BOOmm dulli BOOrnm dulli 1000mrn
(md bAng tay) (meJ dQng) (rna tV' dOng)
,
1,6 1,6 12,0 7,0
-
1,6 1,6 12,0 7,0 -
1,8 1,8 13,0 7,0 6,3
1,8 1,8 -
7,2 6,3
2,8 2,0
-
-
6,5
3,2 2,5
- - 7,0
---
E 21n uai
/'
.--
E-1
ngui
/"
..---
---
.<,. r"
E 13ng
yo;
f;::
/
E lOng 0/
:----
.--
E 5nau
';
5 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 m,
Hlnh 3-3. Dl1dng cong de x.IIc dinh illn dung (thoo xAc suJll) Clla bu6ng thang.
md - sO lIin dung; rn,. - s6 tA:ng ; E - s6 ngtlOi lrung bu6ng thang.
31
'.
Phuong phap dnh ch!;m cOng Built dng CO dng thang may til!n hanh theo
cac bulic sau dAy :
1. nnh IIjC kea len puli cap kea bu6ng thang a tAng dulii dmg va cac IAn dung
ti@'p thea :
Trang do :
kl - s6 llin dung cua bu6ng thang.
6.G
1
- thay d6i (giam) kh6i h1Qng tM sau m6i hin dung.
g - gia t6c tr(;mg truong, [m/s2].
2. Tlnh m6men tuong ung vai lljc kea.
M
F.R
i.I[ , [Nm] nl!u F > 0
va :
F.R .
M -,-12 , [Nm], n@'uF<O.
Trang dci R - ban kfnh cua puli, [m].
i - ty 96 cua cd
'1 - sucH cua co cAu.
(3-5)
(3-6)
3. Tfnh t6ng thbi gian hanh trinh nAng va cua bu6ng thang baa g6m : thai gian
bu6ng thang di chuyl!n vai t6c dQ 6n dinh, thbi gian rna may va hlim may va t6ng thai
gian ron (thai gian dong rna cua bu6ng thang, thbi gian ra vao buang thang cua
hanh khach) thea bang 3-1.
4. Dy-a k@'t qua cua cac buac tlnb tmin tinh mO men dAng trj va tinh chon
cOng sullt de)ng cd.
5. XAy dljng do ph1,l ali chlnh xae cua de)ng cd truyl'!n. de)ng co tlnh den cae qua
trinh qua de) va ti@'n hanh ki@'m cOng sullt dQng cd dli ch<;>n thea phat
nong, qua till.
3.4. ANH HuUNG ellA Toe DQ, GIA Toe VA DQ (DAO HAM
NHAT ellA GIA TOC) DOl veil He TRUYEN oQNG THANG MAy
M9t trang nhung cAu Cd ban d6i vOi M dng thang may la ph!ll dam baa
cha bu6ng thang chuyEfn dng Bu6ng thang chuyEfn dOng Elm hay khOng, ph\! thuC
vao gia t6c khi md may va khi hlim may. Cac tham 56 chlnh t:rung cha dO lam
cua thang may Ia : t6c d di chuyEfn v[m/s], gia t6c a[m/s
2
] va de) p[m/s
3
).
T6c de) di chuygn cua bu6ng thang dinh nling Built cua thang may, cd y nghta
quan tI'Qng, nh:H la d6i vai cac nha cao bing.
D6i v6"i cac nha ch9c trbi, t6i uu nMit la dung thang may caa t6c (v = 3,5m/s), giam
thbi gian qua de) va Wc d di chuygn trung binh cua bu6ng thang d{lt gAn bAng t6c d()
dtnh muc. Nhung tling t6e de) l{li dAn tling gia thlinh eua thang may. Neu tang
32
'.
t6c d cua thang may v = 0,75m/s Hln v = 3,5m/s, gia thanh tllng Illn 4 + 5 ll'in. Bai
v1).y, tuy thea d caa cua nha rna chQn thang may co Mc d phil hc;Jp viii t6c d t6i uu.
T6c d di chuy4!n trung blnh cua thang may cd th4! tAng bAng clch giAm thOi gian
rna may va ham may, cd nghla IA tAng gia t6c. Nhung khi gia t6c IlIn sll gAy ra cAm
giac khd chju cha hAnh khach (nhu chdng SQ hAi, nghfilt tho v.v ... ). Boi v$.y, gia
t6c t6i uu la a :!iO 2m/s2.
Gia t6c t6i 11u dAm bAa na.ng suAt caa, khOng gAy ra cam giac kh6 cha hanh
khach, d11QC d11a ra trong bAng 3-2.
Tham s6
Tt'lc d thang may (m/s)
Gia t6c cl,1c (m/s
2
)
Gia Me dnh toan kung binh (m/s
2
)
I
'-'
,0
!-_I-
'I
I ,
I
,
Xaay
0,5 0,75
1 1
0,5 0,5
s
dng
1
1,5
0,8
Mt
1,5
1,5
1
p
r-
,
I
2,5
2
1
Bang 3-2
l'
n
, I
3,5
2
1,5
______
J. i.
, ,
L.,J
P
Hloh 3-4. Cae dlldng cong bit!u dil'n sl,l ph1,l tln.tOe ella quAng duong S,
Ide d v, gia 16e a va dO del P thea thOi gian.
33
dl.li hrc;mg nua quyl'lt sl,t di chuyn lm cua bu6ng thang la t6c dQ tAng cua
gia Mc khi mc'.! may va t6c d9 giam cua gia t6c khi ha.m may. Noi mtit eAch kM.c, do Iii
da d
2
v
d ham nhc'(t cua gia tOe f = dt hoi;1c h8rn. hai ella. t.6c dti f = dt
2
). ,Khi
gia t6c a 2m/s2 thi d kht"lng dUQc qua 20m/s
3
.
d6 lam t6i uu cUa thang may USc d9 trung binh va t6c dO cao biu din
trln hlnh 3-4.
Bieu d6 nay co chia ra lam 5 giai dOl.ln thea dnh chllt thay d6i toc dti cua buang
thang : ma may, che dti On dinh, M.m xu6ng t6c d() thllp, bu6ng thang den tAng va
ham dung.
d6 t6i uu hlnh 3-4 se dl;it dUQc dung M d()ng mtit (F-D). Neu
dung M truyen d()ng xoay chieu vlii d(lng co kht"lng d6ng b(l hai cap t6c dQ, d6 chi
dl.lt gan giOng bi{!u d6 t6i uu.
Doi voi thang may chl;iy d6 chi c6 ba giai do!pl : mo may, chI'! dQ 6n
dmh va ham dung.
3.5. DlrnG CHINH xAc BUONG THANG
Bu6ng thang cUa thang may cAn phai dting chinh xac so voi bang cua Uing cAn
dung sau khi iln nut dung. Neu buang thang dung khong chinh xac se gay ra cac
tUQng sau :
- D6i v6i thang may cha kMch, lam cho hanh khAch ra, vao kho khAn, tAng- thai
gian re, vilo cua hanh khach, dAn giam nAng suilt.
- D6i v{Ji thang may chb hang, gAy kho khAn trong xep va Mc da hang. Trang
mtit s6 trubng hQP c6 kht"lng tht,!c dUQc vA Mc da hang.
phl,lc h(,-u qua do, co th c'(n nhAp nut ba:m df).t dUQc dti chinh xac khi
dung, nhung se dAn Mn cae vc'(n de kh6ng mong mu6n sau
- Hong bi
- GAy t6n th!t nling lUQng
- GAy h9ng hOc clk hi Cd khi
- TAng thbi gian tu luc ham dung.
dung chinh xlie bu6ng thang, din dnh den m(jt ntra hi/[!u 56 cua hai quang duang
truQt khi phanh buang thang dc'(y Uti va phanh bu6ng thang kht"lng tAi thea cung mQt
huang di Cac yeu to anh huang dung chinh xac bu6ng thang bao gam :
momen cua co cllu phanh, mt"lmen quan dnh cua buang thang, t6c d khi dAu ham
va mOt s6 yeu to phl,l khac.
Qua trlnh ham bu6ng thang xity ra nhu sau : khi bu6ng thang di dlin gan san tang,
dIng tAc chuyn d6i tang dip Mn h th6ng dieu d(lng cd dung buang
34 3_T009T_ -"
'.
thang. Trang quAng thbi ,gian 6.t (thbi man tac dQng cua bi bu6ng
thang di dUQc quAng dubng IA
S' = voAt , [m] (3-7)
Trang d6 : v 0 - T6c dQ hic bAt dllu ha.m, [m/s].
Khi co c!1'u phanh mc dQng IA qua trlnh hAm bu6ng thang. Trong thbi gian nAy,
bu6ng thang di dUQc mt quang duong S".
mv'
S" = 0, [m]
2(Fph FJ
(3-8)
Trang do : m - kh6i IUQng cAc phl1n chuygn dQng cua bu6ng thang, [kg]
F ph - h,1c phanh, [Nl
Fe - h,1c can dnh, [N]
Dau (+) tru (-) trong bieu thuc (3-8) phl:l thuQc tac dvng clla h,tc
Fe: Khi bu6ng thang di l@n (+) va khi bu6ng thang di xu6ng (-).
S" cung cd the duO'i df).ng sau :
S" =
(3-9)
Trang do : J - mOmen quan dnh M quy d6i dng Clla bu6ng thang, [kgm2]
MPh - momen rna sat, [N]
Me - mOmen can tlnh, [N]
Wo - Mc dQ quay cua dng co Iuc bAt dl1u phanh, [rad/s]
D - dubng klnh puli keo cap, [m]
- ti os6
Quling dubng bu6ng thang di dUQc tit khi cOng tAc chuygn d6i tl1ng cho dung
dl!n khi bu6ng thang dung tf).,i sAn tllng IA :
S = S' + S"
= Vo At + 2iCMph MJ
(3-10)
COng tAc chuyfn d6i tllng dQ.t each sAn tbg m(it khoAng cach nAo dd lAm sao cho
bu6ng thang nAm if gilla hal. quAng dU'bng truo:t khi phanh d4y tAi vA khOng taL
Sai s6 16n nMt (d(i di:lng khOng .chinh xac IOn nhllt) IA
s - S'
, I
"S = 2
(3-11)
Trong d6 : Sl - q uAng dubng truc;lt riM nhllt cua bu6ng thang khi phanh
S2 - quAng dubng truc;lt Ibn nh4t cua hu6ng thang khi phanh (hlnh 3-5),
Bang 3 - 3 dUB ra cac tham 86 cua cac M d(ing voi d khOng chinh xac khi
dung As.
35
Bang 3 - 3
Ph/ilm T6c dO Gia D khOng
truyen dOng vi
di .
t6e chinh xBe khi
chlnh
(m/s2) dttng (mm)
Me dQ [m/s]
DOng co KDB 1"0 to 16ng soc 1 ctlp t6c dtj
1 , 1
0,8 1,5 120 + 150
DOng 00 KDB rO to 16ng soc hai cllp tile dO
1 , 4
0,5 1,5 10 + 15
DOng 00 KDB re, to 16ng s6c hai cllp tile dl) 1 , 4
1 1,5 25
+
35
may phat - dl)ng co (F - D) 1 , 30
2,0 2,0 10 + 15
H(! may phat - dng 00 cO
khuyl1ch trung gian. 1 , 100 2,5 2 5 + 10
'.
- r-r
Mticdat
cam bien dung
------
I-linh 3-5. Dung chinh xflc w6ng thang.
36
'.
3.6. cAe TRUYEN DONG DUNG TRONG
THANG MAy VA MAy NANG
Khi M trang hi di(m - tli: cho thang may, 11,18. ch9n mOt M
d(>ng, chQn lo(ii dOng co phAi d1,1a cae diu sao
- DC) chfnh xac khi dung
- Teie dO di bu6ng thang
- Gia t6c IOn nhl1t cho phep
- vi chinh t6c de..
dOng dil)!n xoay dung dng co khOng dOng bl) rotor lOng soc va rotor
day que'in du'c;1c dung kha. pM trong trang hi - to thang may va may
nAng. d(>ng dOng co !thong d6ng bl) rotor 16ng soc thubng dung cho thang
may cho hang t6c dO ch$rn. dOng d/)ng co khOng d6ng bl) rotor dAy quan
thuang dung cho cae may nAng cO trQng tM lCm (ct.')ng sulIt d/)ng cO dOng tdi
200kW) nham hl;ln ch dbng khai dng kh6ng 111m anh huang dn ngu6n cung
c-a:p.
dng xaay dung d/)ng co kh6ng d6ng dIp t6c d thubng
dung cho cae thang may ebb khach t6c dl) trung blnh.
dl)ng mQt may phat - d(>ng cO trung gian thubng
dung cho cae thang may cao too. nlly dam baa d6 dC)ng Iy, n.ng
cao d chtnh xac khi dung t6"i (5 + 10) mm. cua hi:! nay la cOng sua:t
Ion gap(3 + 4)ll1n so v6i M xoay. phuc tli\P trong hllnh va. stia chua.
Nhung nAm ga:n day, do phat cua kg tu ct"mg sutlt I6"n, cac M
d(>ng ml)t dung bl) bien d6i dnh dll ap dl,lng kha rC)ng rAi trong cac
thang may cao tdc voi tdc d t6i 5 m/s.
1. tMng 1\1 d(ing kMng thang mily t6e dQ trung binh
He dng dung cho thang may too d trong blnh thu:bng la M
dC)ng xoay vl:li dl)ng co kh6ng ddng b(> 2 dip too de. nay dam baa dung chinh
xlic cao, MD.g eAch chuy@'n too cua dOng CCI xu6ng t.6c d(> tha:p (v 0 = 2,5 rn!s)
truoc kbi bu6ng thang sAp den san tling.
Hi) nay thubng dung ebo cac thang may chlJ kM.ch trong cAc nha cao bing (7 + 10)
U.ng) voi t6c dl) di cua bOOng thang du6i 1 m/s.
ScJ d6 nguyAn Ii eua thang may dUQc gil:li trAn hlnh 3 - 6.
Ca:p ngu6n cung clIp cho bhng cl1u dao CD vll apt6mat Ap. CuC)n d.y stator
cua dC)ng cO dUQc niH vi'io ngu6n clip qua cae tiirp cua cOng tAc to nAng N
H va Cac tiep cua c6ngtactcJ t6c d-Q cao C c6ngtactd tdc d(>
tMp T.
Ngu6n ca:p cho 11Iy tu hai pha hai ctiu chi 1 CC. Cac cua tAng
trang khda dng vl:li cae Mm cu6i lCT ..;.. SCT. Then cai ngang cua
d(>ng vOi cAc hAm cu6i lPK + 5PK. dong - mlJ ctia tling tac dng Mn kh6a vll
then cM cua ting lam ebo nam chAm NC
t
tac dl)ng. Khi cAt ngu6n nam cha.m NC
1
lu.c
37
1[[
'.
38
I
:=
YI
8A R 220/HI'

!!r
++
fD
HilT
.. (/IT
J{IlT
HilT
f(IlT
tiC
( C U[
_ DI
;::.. D2
DJ

_ DS
Dr;
1
NOI
fti[
RTf
/IN
/IT)
/IT,?
!ITt fn
_ 1PK
J{[
- ;v
.. !iT
46T
JOT
J6T
lOT
1"
IUT
16T
T
I!Tr
N
,-----, _-,
__ ______
(
lIlob 3-6. Sd do nguyen Ii ditn 'ella lhang roAy.
1[[
'.
bu6ng thang den san Hh;lg, lam quay then cai, then cAi tac dOng ll!n mt trang cac ham
cu6i PK va rna khoa cua tcing.
De dung bu6ng thang tl;li moi san U.ng, trong sd d6 dung ham cu6i HC di,it trong
buang thang. Tac tiep diem HC hol)c bttng nam cha.m dung theo tang NC
2
ha/)c bttng clin dong - rna cua bing.
Cong Mc chuyen ddi tAng ICDT + 5CDT co ba vj tri h'i cam bign dung bu6ng thang
va xac djnh vi trf cua bu6ng thang so voi cac tling.
khien dOng cua thang may dUQc th1!C hi(!n tu' hai vj trl : 'cva tAng
bang nut Mm gQi tang IGT + 5GT va trang bu6ng thang bang cac nut bAm dgn tAng
lOT + 5DT.
Khoi dOng cho thang may lam vi(!c chi khi : ID kin, ICT + 5CT kin (cac cua tang
da dong), 2D, CT kIn, FBH Oil!n d(>ng v6i phanh bao hiem) kin, cua bu6ng thang dong,
CBT kin va 3D kIn.
HAm cu6i IHC va 2HC lien d(>ng vaj san bu6ng thang. Ngu trang bu6ng thang co
ngl.1bi, tiep diem cUa chung rna ra. IHC da:u song song vai CBT cho nl!n du IHC hO
nhung m!;lch vAn n6i qua CBT, cbn 2HC mo ra lof;li tru kha nAng khien thang
mdy bttng nut ba:m g9i thg GT.
Trong so d6 co 5 den baa D} + Ds Ia.p a mc5i eua tang va 1 den chieu sang
buang thang D
6
, Khi co ngl.1bi trong bu6ng, tiep diem 2HC rna ra, cuOn day role trung
gian mAt di(!n, tiep thubng kin RTr dong I/ili lam cho ID + 6D sang len bao cha
biet thang dang va chigu sang cho bu6ng thang.
Sd d6 nguyl!n Iy trl!n Mnh 3 - 6 130 so d6 cua thang Hip di,it trang nha nam t.1ng va
cha tru'bng hQp bu6ng thang dang nam a tllng ml)t. Xet Ii lam vi(!e cua so d6
khi can len tang 4.
Hanh kha.ch di vao bu6ng thang, dong cua tllng va cua bu6ng thang. Do tr9ng h1Qng
cua hanh khach, 2 tiep diem thubng. dong IHC va 2 HC rna ra, An nut Mm den tang
4 DT, rale tang RT4 co di(!n. Cac tiep diem cua RT4 dong ll;li dip ngu6n cha cuOn dAy
cua c6ng tiic ta t6c d caa C. Cdc tiep diem cua congtacta t6c dO caa dong ll;li cap
ngu6n cha cl1u chinh luu CL la ngu6n I ca:p cha hai nam chAm NC
t
va NC
z
'
Nam chAm NC
l
Be dong tigp diem I PK, cuOn dAy cOngtactd N co _di(!n. Cu(>n da.y stator
cua dng ca dllQC ca:p ngu6n qua cac tiep diem C va N, bu6ng thang di Nam chAm
NC
2
se kea can dl)i lam cha hAm cu6i rna ra.
Khi nha nut Mm 4 DT, cuQn dAy cUa cOngtocto N dUQc duy trl ngu6n ci!:p qua hai
tiep dit1m T (thllbng kIn) vA. N (da dong D6ng thbi cuOn dAy cua rale 4RT vAn
dUQc tief:! tyc duy' trl ngu6n ctlp qua c6ng tdc d6i Uing 4CDT va cac tigp diem
IPK + 5PK. Khi bu6ng thang gtln den tl1ng 4, bu6ng thang tAc dl)ng vAa cOng tAc
chuyen ddi tang 4 CDT, lam cho rale tling RT4 va cOngtActd t6c dO caa ma:t di(!n. CuOn
dAy cOngtdcta t6c dO thtlp T cd dililn qua tiep diem thllbng ho N (dA dong kin) va tiep
diem thllb'ng kin C. Cul)n dAy stator cua dl)ng co dllQC da:u vaa ngu6n ctlp qua cac tiep
diem N vA T. Bu6ng thang tiep t\lC di ll!n vai t6c d tMp hdn. D6ng thbi cAt ngu6n
ctlp cha ctlu chlnh luu CL, hai nam chAm NC
l
vA NC
2
ma:t NC
2
mtlt di(!n lam
cha hAm cu6i HC kIn l/ili, vAn duy tri ngu6n cd'p cha coOn dAy cOngtdcta N. Khi buang
thang den ngang vai san tcing 4, clln dong rna cu:a d(it a cu:a bing se tac dOng lam
39
'.
hAm cu6i HC ra. CuQn dAy cOngtActo N mAt dQng cO dng dung vA
phanh hAm tu NCH s@J hAm dung hu6ng thang.
th6ng t\1 dQng kh6ng thang mliy hoAn toim t1.1ong t\1 nh1.1 khi di(!u
bAng cAc nut Mm gQi bing IGT + 5GT. Di(!u thang may lilm bAng cac nut
Mm gQi Mng chI th\1c khi 2HC kin.
2. thOng tll dOng khong eht thang m6y eao tOe
truy(!n dQng thang mliy cd t6c dQ di chuy(!n bu6ng thang v 3 rn/s, th1.1bng
dung M truy(!n dng -mQt chi(!u. Bu6ng thang d1.1Qc treo Mn puli keo cap n6i tI1,1c tiep
v{ji tn,IC dQng co truy(!n dQng khOng qua hQp giAm t6c. Trong di(!u khien thang
mliy cao t6c, cOng tlic d6i bing co tay CO" khi d1.1QC thay the bAng cOng tAc
d6i tling phi Vi vt'H t6c dQ di bu6ng thang lan, cOng tAc
d6i bing co kh{ lilm khOng tin c$.y, gAy ra tieng 6n Um. C6ng
d6i t4ng phi th1.1bng dung Iil b cam vi trl cam ung va b cam bien
vi trf dung te bAo quang hlnh 3-7a giOi cAu vil tuyen clla cOng
tAc d6i bing dung bet cam bien vi trf cAm dng. Ctlu cua no bao g6m :
tu M 2, cun dAy 3. Khi m(lCh tu M, do khang cua cun dAy be, dong xoay
chil!u qua cuQn dAy kha Ian. Khi thanh sAt dng 1 lilm kin til:, tu thOng sinh ra
trong tu tAng, lilm tAng cam L cua cuQn dAy vil dong di qua cuQn dAy sll
giam xu6ng. S\1 ph\1 thuc diQn cam cun dAy L vilo vi trf thanh dQng 1 d1.1Qc bieu dii'!in
hlnh 3-7b.
Neu dtlu -n6i tiep vtJi cuQn dAy cua b cAm mQt role ta se d1.1Qc mOt to:
phi dung trong M th6ng Tuy .thuQc van m\1c dich su d\1ng,
co dung no lilm cOng tAc d6i tling, cam bien de th\1C dung chinh xac
bu6ng thang ho$,c cAm chi thi vi trf bu6ng thang v.v ...
S
I I I
,
,

D
Q,S 1
f
oj
40
L
,

2
J
u
mDh 3-7. C;\m biln VI lri ki.!u dm ung.
/.1- Cdu telO .. b- S41 phil tlauDe L = f (1).
5
1,0
0)
"" 2201"
feB
RTr
C8 I
Ilf
I
I I
c
c
1IJ 114
b)
Bloh 3- 8. So nguyen 19 cUa dm bi!!"n cam ling.
So' d6 nguy@n ly cua cam cAm dng hlnb 3-8.
__ ___ _
ung CB. nAng caa dQ tin song song vlti cUQn dAy cua bl) cam co da:u tMm
mOt t1,l C, Trj 86 dung ella tl,l ch9D BaD cho khi thanb sAt dng 1 che
I. kIn mt;lch tit sll U;lO dUQc dbng Cng huang. Khi tu ella cam bi@'n het, dong di qua
, cuOn dAy cua role RTr du Um lAm cho no tac d/)ng. Khi ml;lch til: kin, dbng dili\n di qua
cun dAy giam xu6ng glln khOng, role khOng tac dQng. ThOng thub'ng b(l cam bii!n
CB dl1QC lAp (} thanh gii!ng thang, thanb sAt dQng lAp (J bu6ng thang.
Mnh 3..9a gitJi mf(lch ciR M dQng m/)t CBQ bii!n ddi
thyristor - d/)ng eCl) cho thang mAy caa t6c vCii v = 2 m/e va trvng tlli Q = 1000 kG.
Phttn !lng cua dng CO' dng dllQC ca:p ngu6n tu b bi@'n d6i dnh dung thyristor
hOi 2 c.du chinh hiu ba pha ITI .;. 6TI (b va IT2 +- 6T2 (b ngt1Qc):
Hai hI? nay df1u song song ngt1Qc vbi nhau. BAa vi) quA ap cho m6i thyristor dUng
R-C. Bao vi) ngAn ba.ng du chI tAc dl)ng nhanh CC. CUQn khAng lCK va 2CK
dung dA' dbng dii)n cAn khi(!'n bl? bi@'n ddi dao dung
thyristor biA'u dilj:n tren hinh 3-9b.
khiA'n hai du chinh lUu IBTh va 2BTh bl\ng hai khdi khi(!'n KDKN va
KDKH. Trong m6i kh6i bao gdm cac khAu : khau d6ng pha, khau tl,lO di(\n
ap rAng cUa, kh:1u so'sAnh va tl;\O 'xung va khau khu@'eh xung.
If lam vii)c eua Sd dd khdng chi! thang may cao t6c nhU sau :
Dien ap dj)t duge Illy ra tU'd4u ra cua khAu ch@' gia tde HCGT, dl) Ibn vA e'l,te
dnh cua dii)n ap dj)t do khAu hanh DH quy@'t d!nh.
Di(\n Ap ra ella khAu hl;\n eh@' gia t6c HCGT tAng dlln theo ham tuy@'n tlnh b$C' nh4t
khi thay d6i tin hi(\u dliu
ehlnh tde dl) dl)ng cCl truylln dl)ng bAng b chlnh tde dQ Rill' Tin hii)u dliu
van cua b ehinh tde dl) Rill la t6ng dl;\i 86 hai tin : tin chu (dii)n
ap ra (Jua khAu HCGT) va dn phan h6i Am t6c d tl v{Ji tde dl) .quay cua dQng
eo (di(\n Ap ra cUa khAu Kill)' KhAu Rill dung bl) khu&:h dIP mt (ham d 1(\ P).
Tln ra cua Rill Ia tIn d4u vao RJN (khi thang mAy di vA RJH (khi thang
mAy di xu6ng). CA hai khAu RJN va. RJH dung bQ khu&h dl;\i mt (ham ti 1(\, tich
phAn Pl). Ngoai ra, tin phAn hoi Am dbng h1y tu dliu ra cua khAu I K
J
(ti 1(\ v{Ji
41
--->0
.
'.
.

dong eua dOng co) dua vAo du VilO eua R,N vA tu khau 2 K, dlla van R,H. TIn
ra eua khAu R,N hO$e ehInh 1A tin dlla vao kh6i Wong
ung KDKN hoi;\e KDKH.
De th1,1"c dung chfnh xac bu6ng thang, th6ng se chuyen tu ehl! dO ehinh
t6c dl) sang eM' dO dit1u chlnh vj trL Tin ra til khau cam bin dung ehinh X3.c
CEDCS dlla vAo khAu dit1u chlnh vi tri Khi bu6ng thang nAm ngang voi san tting,
tin ra eua khAu CBDCS bAng khOng.



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42
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b- ScI kh6.i cua he 8th - D.

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3.7. Tl1 DONG KHONG CHE THANG MAy
DUNG cAc PHAN TtJ LOGIC
nAng eaa dci tin trong qua trlnh dng cua thang may, th6ng tv dqng
kh6ng eM' dOng thang may da. dung cae phl1n tit phi (philD
ttl lOgic). tJng dt,mg cae pht'in ttl' lOgic trong khi4n cho phep xAy dvng mOt
M th6ng v(i:j 86 h1Qng phttn ttl khiA'n IiI. it nhilt.
Sa dd tv dOng kh6ng cht'! thang mAy dung cAe phln ttl' lOgic giO'i hinh
3 - 10. DAy Iii. sa d6 kh6ng dan gii'ln nhilt : bu6ng thang ndng rnt trong
nAm nhung khi h(l, chi h(l xu6ng tiing mOt.
C6ng U.C d6i tl1ng dung bl) cam vi tri bing bito quang IF -7- 5F
dfil.t trl!n cae tl1ng tuong ung.
H(lD cht'! hanh trinh vA hAnh trlnh di xu6ng M.ng hai c6ng tac hi'lnh trlnh phi
tip diA'm HeN vi'!.. HeR (hai cOng tde hAnh trlnh nAy cling gi6ng nhu cOng tAc chuygn
d6i tdng). so d6 khOng di.l!n hlc cUa dng co dOng thang mliy,
nhung clin cOngtActo nAng N ddng cho dOng co nAng bu6ng thang di
cOngtActa H ddng cho dOng co bu6ng thang. khign thang may bAng
cac nut him phi dU!m 2DT + 5DT lAp trong bu6ng thang vA mqt nut b.:m g9i
tang lap c'J ctia bing mOt lGT.
so d6, cAm IF + 5F, HCN vA HCH (6 vu6ng t6 co mllc lOgic "In
va khi co tac dOng tii: Mn ngoi'li IA muc'IOgic "0", cAm bin 2DT + 5DT va lGT, co
muc lOgic "0" vA khi tac dOng len no se co muc 16gic np.
Xet nguyen ly litm cua th6ng : Nu mu6n lAn tling nitm, ltn nut an 5DT,
dliu ra cua phtrn tti "HO';'C" 5H cO muc lOgic nl" va muc do dua vao I dtiu vi'lo cua
phtin tu "VAn 5V. Til b cAm bin 5F dua vao dau vao thll hai cua phlin til 5V muc
lOgic nl" (Ilng vai khi 5F chua bt tac dc)ng Mn ngoAi). Tin dt'iu ra cua pht1n ttt 5V
co muc lOgic nl". Tin ra vAn cd muc 16gic nl" kg ca khi ta kMng tac dOng nut
Mm 5DT vi co mli,lch tl,l duy trl Ia'y til dt'iu ra cua 5V dua vao dau vao 5H, kh6ng cho
phep 5H chuygn thai. Tin 1'a cO muc lOgic "1" dua vAo mOt trong b6n dau
vao cua phltn tti "HO';'C" 6H. Tin ra cua phdn tti "HO';C" 6H cd mllc lOgic "1"
dua vAo mOt t1'ong ba dt1u vAo cUa phan tti 6V. Tin thll hai phlin ttt "vA -
DAO" ID- cd muc lOgic "1" (do dt1u 1'a lV cd muc lOgic "0"). TIn til dliu 1'a cua
cOng tAc hAnh trlnh HCN cd muc lOgic "1" dua vAo ddu vAo thll ba cUa phlin til 6V.
Tin dt1u ra cua pht1n tit 6V cO muc lOgic "P qua khdu lKD lAm
cho cOngtActa nAng N tac dOng. Dng co sl!i dUQc dong vAo ngu6n clI:p theo nAng
bu6ng thang di Khi bu6ng thang di dn tt1ng na.m, tac dOng cAm bin 5F,
lam cho tin 1'a cua 5F .co muc lOgic "0". Tin ddu 1'a cua phdn tti 5V co muc
lOgic "P chuy4n sang mlic lOgic "0". Tin 1'a cua 6H co muc lOgic "0\ dn 1'a
cua 6V co muc lOgic "0", cO;ngtActo N milt dOng co ngi1ng quay, bu6ng thang dilng
dung {J tt'ing nAm.
Mu6n hl;l bu6ng thang xu6ng tdng mOt, iln nut t1n lGT, tin ra- cua phlin ttt
"HO';'C" lH co muc 16gic "1" dua vao pht1n til "vA" IV. Ba dau vao con ll;li cua IV
43
'.
co muc lOgic np n@n diu 1'R CUR IV co mac lOgic np, cun dAy cOngtl1ctd H co
dong cho dQng cd thea quay hf,l bu6ng thang.

44
1.
If
IY
1. I-----+:...-----j &
/f{1I
Hloh 3-10
cnl
>---1/f
Sci d6 nguyen H kh6ng eM thang may. dilng cae pMn tU l(')gic.
Chuang 4
. .'
TRANG B! DII;:N - DII;:N TlI
V A Tl! DQNG HOA MAy XUC
4.1. KHAI CHUNG vA PHAN LOl).l
M&y xuc dU<;1C 9U d\lng rQng rAi trang cOng khai tM.c mo lq thiEln, cae
c6ng trubng xay d1,1ng, cae c6ng trubng thuy lQi, cae cOng trubng xft.y d\tng cl1u
dUbng de san g:;J.t mM b6c xuc dll't da, ...
May xuc co tM phft.n lo!;li thea cac chI tiE!u sau :
1. PhaD los.ti thea tioh nAng su d\1Dg
'. a) MAy xuc xAy d1,1ng chl;lY hanh xfeb, Mnh 16p cO tht1 deb g,iu xuc tit 0,25 + 2 m
3
.
b) May xuc dung trang cOng khai thAc m6 l co deb gliu Xu.c tu
4,6 + 8 m
3
,
e) May xllc b6c din d:i co the' deb gliu xuc tu 4 + 35 m
3
.
d) May xllc gliu ngol;lm co the' deh gl1u xuc tu 4 + 80 m
3
.
2. PhAn los,ti thea CD cAu b6c x6c
a) MAy xllc co co cA:u Me xuc lA gfiu xllc : gdu xuc di vila dll't da thea
h1.Umg til: mAy xuc ra phis tr110c du:Oi tAc dl,lDg cua hai h,':c hQP cua co cfIu nAng
vA 00 cilu da':y tay g4u (hlnh 4 - la).
b) xuc co cO ci1u b6c xiic g4u cAo di chuyen thea huO'ng til: tay gl1u vAa
mAy xuc theo rn$t phAng nhm ngang (hlnh 4 - Ib).
c) May xuc cO co cI1u b6c xuc g4u treo tr@n dAy : di chuyen theo huO'ng
tit: phia ngoAi vAo may xuc duO'i tAc dl,lDg cua hrc hQp cua hai cO ci1u : cO ci1u keo
vA 00 ci1u nang (hlnh 4-1c).
d) May xuc co cO ci1u b6c xuc g4u ngoQ.m : qua trlnh b6c xuc di1t da thl,lc
bAng cach kMp kIn da':n hai ntia thAnh g4u dueJi Mc d .... ng ly:c keo cua cO
keo. (xern hlnh 4 - Id).
d) May xuc co co et'lu b6c xuc g!1u quay. G!1u quay lA mOt Mnh xe, g!1u xuc
dUQc ga l@n Mnh xe thea ebu vi (hlnh 4 - Id).
e) MAy xuc co co cliu Mc xuc mAng cAo nhMu g!1Q.. xuc (xem hlnh 4 - Ie).
J. PhAn theo thi tich g'hu x6c
a) MAy xuc cOng sui1t nM, cO deb gfiu xuc tit: 0,25 2 rn
3
b) May xiic cOng trung blnh, co deb pu xuc til: 2 6 m
3
c) May xiic cOng sui1t Ibn cd dch gl1u xuc tit: 6 80 m
3
,
45
'.
b)
C)
d)
e)
Hlnh 4-1. Cae dl;lllg may xUc.
4. Ph.lin IOQ,i theo cO cAu truyen Ivc
a} MAy xuc dung cd du truyAn !l,te Iii. dOng co d6t trong
b) MAy xuc dung 00 dIu h,te IS. dOng 00
5. Phin loti theo cAn tQ,o CUB cO cAll di chuyen
a) MAy x(ic bAnh x(ch
b) MIi.y xuc chQ.Y Mnh 16p.
c) MIiy x(i.c cb4y trAn dubng Tay.
EBfE
4.2. eHE DO LAM ellA MAy xue
cau eMf dQ lilm vi(!c cia may xuc 1A mOt dA rllt phuc I;$;lp. Nhl1ng
nhii'ng chung nhllt ta cd di sAu cu:u dIu tQ.o vA d lAm cua
may xuc mOt gtiu cd cd dIu Me xuc IS. giu xuc Hlnh dAng t6ng ella may
xuc mQt gllu - gllu blnb 4-2. Co clIu quay (bAn quay) 1 dl1c;1C Mop
cd cliu di hanh x(ch 2. Clin gllu 6 vA tay gliu 5 cimg du:c;Jc M.p bAn
46
quay 1. Tay 5 voi gliu xuc 7 di chuyan vAo dl'it da do cd diu da:y tay gl'iu 4 vA cap
keo 9 cua cO' cliu nfing - Qua trinh Mc x6c dUI;lC thl,fc hl;lP gilla hai cO'
cl'lu : Cd cau dliy tay ga:u ra b(! dAy lop cAt va Cd cl'lu nAng ra,lop cat la
duong di cua xu.c trong dllt da. D6 tAi to gl:iu xu.c sang cac phuO'ng
tiH khac bang CO' cliu mo day gl:iu 3.
'. I-"-+---'--y-
Hlnh 4- 2. MAy xllc a'u thuGn
MAy xue cO ha dQng, C9 bap.' : dl\o, nAng - quay, ngoAi ra cOn cO mot s6
chuyan dng ph1,l kM.c nhu : nAng ctn, di chuyl1'n, ddng md: day gliu v.v ...
Chu kY lAm ella may xuc bao g6m cac giai dOl;ln sau : gliu xu6ng bAng
lam - dao d6ng thbi nang giu - quay glt.u vt1 vi trl dd tAi - md: day gl'iu dd tlri -
quay gilu vt1 vi trl ban diu. Thlti gian mt chu ky lAm viec khodng to 20s 60s.
CO' cliu nAng - vt\ co cilu dl'iy' tay gliu thubng xUY@:n lAm qua IA.i (gQi Ia qua
tAi lAm do g4u b6c xue phAi dllt dO. cU:ng, ho(\c llJp cAt qua sAu.
Cae CO' d(u chfnh cua may xuc lilm d: cM' dQ ngAn hlln lQ.p ll;li vlJj M so
tUdng d6i TD % = (25 + 100)%. Cae cd cliu cua mAy xuc lAm trong dH!u
mOi truong n(!, chao lAc nhi(!u bl,li, dO mOi trubng thay dlH trong
vi rng. Cac yeu t6 khac cung gAy Anh hud:ng eAc Cd cilu cua may xuc nhu :
dl) dO eMnh d9C trl)e may xu.e, gia tde Ion khi mO mAy va ha.m. Do dO
lam eua may xtlc n(! nhu nl!n cac bi ella may xue phlri dUl;le
chAc chan, de) Mn Cd h9C cao va dO tin e$y cao.
47
'.
4.3. cAc YEU CAU CO BAN DOl Val
TRUYEN DQNG cAc co CAU CllA MAy xOc
Til' nhung d.(!.c CUB may xuc nh1.1 da nAu a tti!n, cAe ctlu co bAn dt'Si vO'i
dQng truy(!n dOng cAe cd du chinh cua may xuc baa g6m :
1. Dl)c tinh cO cua dQng cua cae Cd cAu chInh cua may XUC (Cd cAu
nAng - dAy tay vA Cd cAu quay) phAi d1.1c;1C baa mOt each tin khi qua
bU. Co nghia lit truy(!n dng phlli tl;\O ra dnh "may xuc
tt

,
2. Dong co truyen dOng cae Cd cAu may xuc phlli cha.c chan. KM. nAng chju qua
tlli phAi 16'n. DO each di$n cua dOng Cd pba.i da.m bao chju qua. d am cao. DOng
Cd phlli chju d1.1Qc tl1n s6 dang ca.t 16n (400 + 600) IAnlh.
J. DOng co truyen dOng cac cO cau chinh cua may xiic phAi co mOmen qUaD
dnh du nha de giarn thbi gian qua. de;. khi rn6' mAy vA ha.m. ChQD lof,l..i dQng Cd co
phl1n UDg dAi, d1.1bng klnh nM.
4. Cllc thitt bi dieu khiin dung trong mAy xuc phAi dAm bAo lam tin
trong nhtit (dQ rung dQng, chao lAc Illn, ph\! tAi dQt bHln va tAn s6
dong cAt Illn).
5. thOng dieu khin truyen dOng cae co cilu cua may xuc phAi don giAn,
chAc cMn, muc dQ t1,1 dQng hoa cao.
Cac CO ctlu truyl1n dQng may xuc trong qua trlnh lAm thl1ang hi qua tai luOn,
cho nan cM' mOmen nhO hon trj s6 cho phEip (j ch dQ tlnh va d/)ng Ia
d.u quan trQng nhilt. Dt1 may xuc co ndng 9uilt cao nhdt d6ng thai M.o dU:Q'c
cac thHlt hi khOng hi hOng hoc khi qua tai c4n th1,1C hai cau : hf,Ln che
mOmen dl1l1i tri 96 cho phep vA dam hao dQ cung cua dU:t'Jng dnh co trong phf,lm
w
A
(
o
e(if.;)
mob 4- J. \lnh "may xuc"
48
vi mOmen ph\! tai bAng mOmen djnh
muc cua dQng co (dl1ang tlnh 1
hlnh 4 - 3).
Trong th1,1C t khOng 9U dl,mg du:ong
dnh co 1:9 Wang nhl1 dU:bng 1 rnA
thu:bng dung du:t'Jng dlJ.c dnh co
hon (dl1bng 2). DQ cUng cua du:ang
dnh co (j vung ph1,l tIli muc giam
xu6ng Hi 85 + 90%. Neu dl) cung cua
dl)c dnh co quA llJ!l' ngubi hi'mh
may xuc kh6 cam dU:Qc khi cd
cilu bi qua tai, khOng kip giAm Illp cAt
At dAn co cilu dung lam giam ndng
suilt Clla may xuc.
N dng suilt cua may xuc tru:ng
hOi dch t/ilO thAnh giua cac tr1,lc
'.
t9a dtj vA dubng dnh eel du cua M dQng (xem blnh 4 - 3) SADCQ' danh
, SADCO S . m
gia Dang suilt cua may xu.c ts dua ra 136 Hip d.fy k = S = M (4-1)
AGeO wo' d
Trang d6 S = SADCO deh thanh Mi M tr1,1c t9a dQ va dubng d?c dnh
cd cua truyen d(lng.
S ARea la deh hOi tI1),C tQa de') vA duong dl)c dnh cd Ii Wong.
Wo - toe d('l khOng t!li 11 tll(mg cua dng co.
Md - rna men dung
m - M s6 ty l(l.
D6i voi cae h(! dting bt; nAy, M 96 lilp dl'iy cua may xuc co t6i
0,8 -;- 0,9.
blnh 4 -4 cae duong d!}c dnh co cua cae M dng khac nhau
dung trong may xuc. H9 dl)c dnh co cua cae d6 cho phep danh gia va dnh chon M
d(lng mOt each hQp 11 d6i vlJi tung lOl;li m..:iy xuc C\l H(! dng xoay
chieu dung d('lng 00 khOng d6ng hI) ba pha (dllo:ng 1) dllQC sO' dl,mg tng rai cho cae
lo:;d may XUC co dch gau xuc Mi 1 m
3
. Nl!u su dVng dOng Cd dOng Ia dOng
Cd xoay chieu co M ad trugt Ion cho phep h!.ln chI! dugc dong trong phli,lm vi can
thiel de giAm d(l cung cua dnh co trong vung roOmen ph\! tAi b!\ng mOmen dinh
muc cua dOng Cd, co thi! tb1,l'c dugc b!\ng cach dilu thl!m tra ph\! van m!.lch
rotor Clla. dQng Cd: R
f
= (10 + 15)%R
(R di(\n tre. cua dAy quiln rotor
w% dQng 00).
100
75
s

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:\



1
50
25
I '\
JI I(JU /'JI/ 2t/il 250
Blob 4-4. tinh eel eua die he dQng.
Nl!u trong mlilCh rotor cua dng
cd co dilu cuQn khAng baa hba ho*c
khuyl!ch d!.li tu, ta se nh(ln dugc
duo:ng d(lc dnh co t6i uu d6i voi
dQng xoay
dOng may phat - dng
Cd (mAy phAt 3 cuOn dAy) vOi dubng
tfnh co 3 dUQc Ap dl,lng rng
rAi cho c8c iOQ,i mAy xUc' tu 2+5m
3
.
Ht; nAy cd dubng tinh Cd glin
. vbi dubng dl).e tfnh ed uSi uu, eho
phep chinh Me dO dOng Cd
dOng trong vi kha
tOng.
dOng mAy phat - dQng Cd c6 khul!ch dl;li trung gian d!.ii may
KDMD, d!.li tu KDT hO$c dli,l.i han dlin KDBD) se t!.iO ra. dubng
dnh Cd 4, dap ung hoan toan cac diu d6i voi cOng ngM eua may xuc.
nay dugc BU' dl:lDg rng rAi trong cae may xuc cOng Built Um cd dch glilJ xuc tit
10 + 80m
3
.
4TBO[)f A 49
'.
4.4. TINH CHQN CONG SUAT .o(>NG CO
TRUYEN .o(>NG cAc co CAU CUA MAy xuc
1. Bie'u dO ph\l tai cua cac cO cAu chinh may xuc
Mu6n xAy dv:ng bi{!'u d6 ph1,l tAi chinh xac eua dOng chlnh ella may xllc,
c!ln cO cae dieu :
- Tham 96 ki ella dong co dOng
- MOmen qmin tinh eUa co dlu quy dOi ve tI'1,lC d(>ng co trong cic chl1 d(l lAm vi(k
khac nhau.
- Mamen ct\n tlnh ella co cAu quy d6i ve tr1,lc dOng ca trong cae de) lam
khac nhau.
Cae thOng 86 chi cO CD duQ'c sau khi dA hAnh dnh ChqD sd be;, c6ng
su:t dOng cd dOng.
th\1c ella d6 ph\! tAi ph\! thuc van cae t6 sau
- Chung 1000i mAy xuc, kt cilu cd kbi eUa mAy xuc
- Ch de) c6ng nghli! ella mAy xuc.
Dg til1n hAnh chQn so bl) c6ng suilt d(>ng co truyen dl)ng, clin phAi xAy d1,1ng
d6 ph1,l tAi dan giAn, nghia III chi xet dl1n ph\! tAi dnh eua co clIu. dnh toan chlnh
xac cae yu t6 trung cho eh@" de) lAm eua Cd clIu de)ng may xuc lA mt
van phuc Bai ti@"n hAnh dnh chQn cOng sullt dQng CCJ dOng cae
cd clIu cua may xuc, su dl,lng d6 ph1,l tAi gtln gi6ng v6i d6 phl,l tAi th1,1C eU.a
chung dllQC bieu mnh 4-5.
Chu kl lAm cua cd clIu nAng - hl;l may xuc (mnh 4-5a) baD g6m cae giai dOl;ln
sau : t} - thbi gian tAng t6c cho qua trlnh bAt da:u dao b6c ; tz - thm gian nAng tay gtlu
trong giai b6c xuc; t..3 - tbbi gian dung ga:u sau hic Mc xuc xong ; t4 - thbi gian
giu tay gAu elln khi quay gAu vi tri da tAi ; ts - thbi gian dd tAi ; t6 -' thbi
gian ta.ng t6c khi hl;l gAu ; t7 - thbi gian gl1u vt'li t6c dQ khOng ddi ; tg - thm gian
hAm gau tru6c khi gt1u xu6ng diU dli.
Biau d6 phl,l tAi cua Cd cAu dliy tay gAu dllQC biau blnh 4-5b. Chu kl lAm
clla CCJ ctlu nAy baa g6m cac giai dOfiln sau : t} - thbi gian tAng t6c dua tay gtlu
xu6ng dgt dli kat hc;lP vOi CCJ ctlu nAng - ; tz - thbi gian. hAnh trlnh gtlu di len da
xue cUlt dli ; t:3 - thbi gian dAD cbidu dd lui tay giu i t4 - thbi gian tay gliu di
vOi t6c dQ khOng ddi theD hll{Jng di ; ts - thbi gian ham tay gtlu ; t6 - thbi gian
nghl'"khi mAy xuc quay tay. g4u vi tri dd tAi ; - thbi gian tAng t6c day tay
gtlu 1'8. khoAng eAch .xa nMt dd dd tAi ; tg - thbi gian tAng t6c da ddy tay gt1u di chuyi!n .
vdi t6c dQ khOng ddi ; 4 - thbi gian hAm khi eli chuydn tay gt1u ; t
lO
- thbi gian nghi
khi do tAi i tll - thbi gian. tAng t6c koo tay gt1u vAo ; tl2 - thbi gian keo tay gl1u
VAD voi t6c dQ khOng ddi ; t
13
- thbi gian hAm tay gtlu tru6c luc tay gtlu xu6ng dd
Mc xuc. Bii!u d6 ph\l tAi cua CCJ ctlu dllc;Je bii!u hlnh 4-5c. Cd egu quay
blit dt1u llm khi gtlu xue da. xue xong. Chu kl. lAm cua cd cgu Day baD g6m
cae giai dOl;ln sau : tl - thbi gian nghi khi gAu di chuyi!n vAn diit da ; t2 - thbi gian
50 4 TBOOT ... S
".
0)
AI
"'t
w
AI;
w
J(4
"'S
N,
I
t
f
"
t
J
t. ts
t&" '7
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\
I
,
Af
"'t
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t - ~ - - - 1
w
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~
Aft ':Jr. ,
Af,f
w
Aft
t----
'=-=
I
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f
t, I
t ..
t, I,
1"
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tf
I
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ts
t, t, \
Af,Q
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f - - - ~
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w
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At,
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t
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tj! ,
t.
t, 1\ t,
f81
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f
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At,
""
Hinh 4-5. Bieu dO phl,l tm c{ic co du chinh ciw. mtiy xUc g&.! tbu.6n.
51
tang t6c khi quay g!'iu day tAi ; t3 - thbi gian quay tay gau day tAi t6c dO kh6ng
deli ; t4 - thbi gian ham, 'S - thai gian ngh! khi d6 tAi ; t6 - thai gian tllng t6c de
quay gau khOng vi tri Mc xuc ; t7 - thbi gian quay tay gAu khOng t6c dO kh6ng
deli; ts - thai gian hAm cua co cliu quay.
2. Tinh chQn cbng su6t dOng cO dOng cac cO cau cua may x6c
De' dnh toan vA chQn cOng suilt d(lng co dong cac co cau cua may xuc clin
phai chu y den : so d6 dOng hoc cua CO cau, ch dO lam theo yl!u cliu c6ng ngM
cua may xtic, t6c dO di chuyn cua co cau, thbi gian cua mt chu kl h1m vi(jc, dnh chat
cua dat da va mOt s6 t6 phl,l khAc. Ttit ca cac tbam s6 tr{!n co the' duqc tir
ket c!'iu, kich va nAng suilt cua may xuc da k. Ngaai ra, che dO dng Clla
cac co ctiu, (tllng t6c, ha.m, dAo thay deli t6c dO) sa anh huang rtit Ion den nllng
sutit cua may xuc. MOmen quan dnh cua cac kh.u trung gian trong co cliu co the tinh
t?an d1iqc, nhung mamen quan dnh cua d(lng co chI cO the tinh d1iQ'C khi da titfu hanh
chon sO bO cong suat dOng ca. Boi de' dnh chon cOng sutit d(lng co mQt each chinh
xac can hanh thea cac sau :
,
'. + XAy dl,lng bieu d6 ph1,l tAi thea cllc cang thuc trlnh bAy Bau) vll dnh cOng suat
cAn tInh.
+ Tien hanh chon so b(l cOng Built dng CO thea cOng cAn tlnh vA xAy d1,l'ng
dl1ang dnh cO cua M truyen d(lng.
+ Xay dl,1ng bieu d6 ph1,l tAi chlnh xac cua cO cau co dnh den cac dO qua d
(rna may, ham, dao chieu quay vA thay deli t6c d(l) .
. + IDem tra phat nong cua dOng co da chQn thea phuong phap dong
ha!}c mOmen dAng trj.
COng suat cua dOng co dA chon ciin phAi quy deli phil hQ'p voi M s6 TD %
chuttn.
+ Kiem tra qua tAi cua dOng co da chgn .
. a) Dj)ng co truy4n dOng co cgu nAng - hf,l cho may x6c gfiu
De xAy dl,lng biu diS ph\l Uri cha co cliu nAng - bf,l (blnh 4-5a) cAn pbAi tinh mOmen
dOng cO sinh ra khi Mc xuc, nAng gtlu dAy tw, dd too w. gitu V. v ...
52
MOmen dOng co kbi b6c xllc (blnb 4-00) dllqc dnh theo biu thllc Bau
M __ (G
g
+ G + a.5G .. 'g + GJR, . g
., [Nml
"Z
Trong d6 : G g - kb6i 111Qng cua gAu, [kg1
G - kh6i 111Q'ng da:t da trong gau, [kg]
G
tg
- kh6i h:1'qng tay giu, [kg1
G
c
- kh6i 111Q'ng t1idng Ilng v6i tac d1,lng cua h,rc clit, [kg]
R
t
- han kinh tang nAng, [m]
i - tl s6
(4-2)
"l - sulit eua 00 dlu
g - gia Me trang truong, [m/s
2
].
Fe - l\!c ca.t [N].
F,
G
, g
Kh6i luqng dlit da trong gtiu dnh theo thue:
G = VI . Y
trong do ; VI tM' deh ddt da ehii'!"m eM trong gau, [m
3
]
y - kh6i lugng dAng eua ddt da, [kg/m
3
]
VI = S.h.b; [m
3
]
Trang do S - tii'!"t ngang eua lop elit, [m
2
]
b - M s6 toi x6p eua dlit da = (0,6 -'- 0,8)
h - dAi ella dubng elit, [m]
L\!e eat d1.1ge tfnh thea thue sau :
F
,
V1b
f. h' 10
4
[N]
trang do ; f - sulit h,1e can elit eua ddt dA, [N/em
2
].
(4-3)
(4-4)
(4-5)
(4-6)
L\!c ean eM eua eae lof}i dAt. da gi(Ji thi(ju trang bAng 4-1. T6e dQ nll.ng eua' gau
dUc;le ehQD thea kinh va ph1,l thuQc vila nang sulit eua mAy.xuc. D6i v{Ji may
xue cO tha' deh gtiu xl1e tu (0,25 .:,. 2)m
3
, Vg = (0,4 4- 0,5) m/s; tM' tich gAu :x.ue tu
(2 + 3)m
3
, Vg = (0,5 + 0,9)m/s; deh gliu xl1ctu (3,5 + 6)Jn
3
, Vg == (0,9+1,6) m/s.
Bang 4-1
Nhom Lalili dAt .d!\ L\1e cAn ,L1,1'e ean eat [N/em
2
]
dAt
gliu

. [N/cm']
gau NhMu
thU$n nguQe trea gliu xuc
I. Cat, eat pha 1
.:,. 5,5 16 8 3 12 4 13 4 13
I. DAt set 11 + 17 12 + 25 16 + 30 14 20 21 + 40
III. Than da 16 + 24 22 + 36 25 + 42 27 45 55 + 80
IV. Da phii'!"n, qujplg
ph6t pho, mAng gan 23
of' 40 33 + 55 40
+ 55 58 + 85
100
V Than eung 30 + 55 43 + 75 - 48 + 52 100 + 220
VI. Than rAt C11ng 50 + 110 70 ... 140 - 80 + 150 -
VII Da C1ing, da macma 100 ... 350 120 + 450
-
100 + 450 200 + 600
Mamen dc)ng ed giu g4u eo tAi trtm khOng
(G
g
+ G + 0,5G
1g
)R,. g
. , [Nml
"I
(4-7)
53
'.
MOmen' bJ;l gllu khOng tAi
(G
g
+ O,5G,glR. . . g
M7 . ' [NmJ

(4-8)
Tllt cA Clic tr! s6 cua mOmen dng khi xA.y d6 ph\! tAi t6i gian c6 lliy
bAng: MI = 1,5Mz ; M3 = 0,8M
2
, Ms = O,85M
4
; M6 = M2 vi!! Ms = 1,5M
2

Olla d6 ph\! tai hlnh 4.5a cd tInh dt1c;1C m6men dA.ng
"Mit. + Mit, + M;t, + Mlt4 + M;t, + M;t, + M.,'t
7
+

tl +t2 +t
J
+t4 +ts +t6 +t, +tg
(4-9)
tinh dt1c;1C thbi gian quli dl) t
J
, t6 ya t
s
) truoc he"t dnh thbi gian li!!m
CI che dl) xtk Thbi gian dao phl,l thul)c vi!!o dl) dai dt1bng cAt h va t6c dl)
nAng gtiu V g' Thbi gian giu gtiu khOng khi quay di vi!! quay 11;li t4 vi!! t7 ph\! thuc
vi!!o t6c dl) quay cUa co cllu quay bi!!n, Thbi gian d6 tai ts ph\! thuc vi!!o dch Clla
gtiu xuc. Thbi gian tOng cua ml)t chu kl cd tInh bb.ng :
tck = It = (1,16 + 1,2) (t
2
+ t4 + ts + t,) (4-10)
Mdt vA v g cO tM chQn cOng sulit dl)ng 00 truyt1n dng cO cllu nang - hl;l
cAc mliy xuc,
b) DOng cO truyin co ca:u dfly tay gAu eua may Iue gAu thul;ln
Cong sullt dl)ng cO truyt1n dl)ng cel cllu dlty lay cua may xuc gtiu thu(ln dt19C
xac dinh hOi clic ngol;li l\tc Mc dl,lng tay Clic l\tc do thay d6i ph\! thul)c vAo vi
trl cUa tay gliu so v{Ji clin cua ma.y xuc, phl,l thul)c vi!!o cM' d lAm cua CO cdu
tl;lo ra dl)ng tInh giil tay gliu cM. cho tay ga:u di dt1c;1C
ra phia trt1{Jc, cel c4u dliy tay gliu phi!1i ra mt dl1y song song vl:li trl,lc tay ga.u
theo ht1{Jng dtiu tay gtiu ra da'n gliu xuc.
Thi!!nh phlin Iv:c cau dlly tay gliu Ii!! l\tc nAng F n' ti nghich voi g6c a (hlnh
4-6) vi!! I{Jn han ci!1n cAt cUa dllt F C' Khi gill gAu khOng, eel ca:u dl1y tay
gtiu chiu l\tc dl1y F d do trQng 1t19ng gilu, dl1t dA trong gliu, va l\tc nAng tac dl,lng Um
tay gliu, tinh chQn dt1c;1c cOng su4t dng CO, ctin phlli tinh dt1c;1C thAnh phlin phap
tuyall. vA tia'p cua F d A (hlnh 4-6a), th\tc dt1I;lC dit1u d6 phAi
hi!1nh tdng hl;fp Cl\.C thlmh l\tc ung v{Ji cAc vi trl khlic nhau cua gl1u xuc (hinh
4-6b, C, d) : F c' G
n
= F rig, G
tg
vll G
g
. Tit dd se dc dinh dt1l;lc trj s6 vi!! chit1u di!!i cUB.
11Jc FA t(li A. Thllnh l\tc. cAt dt1Qc dnh theo bi(!'u thllc
1
Fc = r(Gnrl + G
tg
,r
2
+ Gg,rJ)g (4-11)
Trong d6 r, r
ll
r
2
r
J
Ii!! clinh tay dbn cua lItc cAt, I1Jc nang, trQng It1Qng lay gliu vIl
gllu xuc so v{Ji tr\Jc cua tay gtiu.
Sau dd hi!!nh phlln dch 11Jc Fa thi!!nh hai thi!!nh phlln : I\tc F d vuOng gdc v{Ji
tT\lc tay gIlu vi!! 11jC Fd song song v{Ji trvc tay gtlu (hlnh 4-6e). Ung v{Ji tr! trl I cua
tay gliu (hlnh 4-6a). G6c cua cd:n gelu ll:ln nha:t r = 60.
tlnh tolin sII ph\! thuc giila mOmen va gdc na.ng a cua tay gliu cln ph8.i xa.y
d\tng 8 + 10 tri tay gtiu, Sau d6 xAc dinh trj. s6 cua mOmen (xem hlnh 4-5b).
54
'.
-
{ ---
c)
mob 4-6. PhAn tich h,le eua gllu khi XUc.
Thbi gian lAm dltc;Jc tinh bAng thai gian Me xu.c. Cae tti s6 cua mOmen khac dnh
thee kinh : M4 = ; = O,6M
2
; MlO = O,4M
2
, M} = M5 = M6 = 1,5M
2
>
== l,2M
2
,; = !A Mu = M2
Cae b11'Oc tinh chQD thea ttiang tl,t nhlt tinh ch!;m cOng sul'lt dQng cd cho CCf cau
nAng - hfil.
c) Dl)ng cd dl)ng 00 cO:u quay ,cua m'y riC. gilu thu$n
Cong aut dQng Cd truyt1n dOng Cd cllu quay cua may xuc gf.u thu(ln ph\! thuQc vila:
mOmen quAn tinh cua cae thAnh ph!1n quay cua may- xllc J, mOmen can dnh Me. t6c
dQ c1,tc dliLi Wmax' gia t6c khi tAng t6c vA hAm, gdc quay p. Qua kinh v(ln bAnh
vA M truyt1n dOng quay cua mAy, x-uc, tn 96 mOmen cAn tInh Me va mOmen
d!)ng CUB. dQng Cd li@n quan vlJi nhau thea mQt tl tltdng ling. BlJi V(ly chi dnh
Me. Bau d6 eel' tM' ric djnh d11'!;1C mOmen dQng cua dQng Cd. MOmen can tlnh Me tlnh
thea cae b11'Cfc sau :
+ Chqn thai gian mtjt chu k1 lam tel:: = lOs.
55
'.
h
+ Thbi gian qua trlnh Me xuc tb = -
v
(h - dai dubng cAt, v - t6c d na.ng gAu).
+ Tinh thbi gian dd tru td
+ Tinh thbi gian quay
tell -t
b
-t
d
I =
q 1 +3,JJJ
Trang do : J
o
- mOmen dnh khi khang tw, [kgm2]
J - mOmen qUaD dnh khi cO tai, [kgm2]
+ Tinh cOng sutIt cl,lc cUB dOng cd dng
P = J(I,37
max 0,736 at!rz
'Prong do ; 7l, - BUa:t CUll co ca:u quay
f3 - gdc quay CUll may xuc [rad]
(4-12)
(4-13)
Ii - 56 cd tinh dgn dl)C dnh cO cua cae M dng (a =
26,5 truyl1n dQng xoay dung dQng CO' KDB ; a = 40,7 - truyEln
dng F - D va Ii = 65,5 d6i vOi truyEln dQng F - D cO khul!ch d!:li trung
gian). sullt '1. = 0,85 + 0,9. G6c quay f3 = 90 + 110
0
,
6. T6c dQ c1,lc dl;ti duc;lc dnh thea thl1c sao
.0,736
J(I,37
(4-14)
Trang do M 86 c co dnh dl!n dnh cd cua M dting (c = 87,5
troyAn dng xoay chil1u dung dng 00 KDB j C = 137 M truyl1n dQng F - D ; c = 2,20,5
M dQng F - D 00 khugch dl;\i trung gian).
Theo kl!t quA. P ma:Il vA. Wmax chQn. cOng 'su!:lt dQng cd d(}ng co c!:lu quay bim.
4.5. TRANG B! - Tii MAy XUC M9T GAu :::mr - 4
mAy xuc SKr - 4, truyAn dQng cAe -cd dlu chinh cUa may xuc dung h(!
dQng mQt : h(l mAy phAt ba cun dAy - dQng co. H(! th6ng h,lc cua
mAy xuc dUQc gilJi thieu hlnh 4-7. Ngu6n cung clip 6kV clip cho mAy xuc qua h(!
th6ng Ugp KT. MAy cAt It diu MC ddng ngu6n clip cho dng cO -Mo dng cd d6ng
b DDB 00 cOng suit P = 250kW. Cgu doo CD dl d6ng ngu6n cip cho chigu
sAng vA. cAe dng co ph\! kMc : bam dgu, qUl;\t gi6 v.v ...
DQng cO d6ng bQ DDB koo ba mAy phAt cua ba co- cllu chInh FN (P = 112kW) ; FD
(P = 40kW) FQ (P = BOkW) v' mQI mdy pMI klch tit FKT (R = 12kW) c4p ngudn
kfch tli cho cae dng cd vA. dQng co dong ma dAy gllu. DQng cO dQng co c(u
ndng - hl;\ (P = 125kW) ngu6n cIlp til may phAt FN. DQng co dng co
ctIu da:y tay gilu DD vA. dQng co dQng co cllu di DDC nguon dip
56
'.



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r-
IT



'"

I
'"

'" I L .::0 -.:
"'-
""

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'(



..
. nr
r
' ,

, ,
I ,
IDnh 4-7. Sa d6 h,lc m!y xUc 8Kf - 4.
1
--'-;b1'
:
:;111
' ,

-;;:.
, ,


\:;.
c ,
...
'" =
::::
f9-'
,.
tu may phat FD. Rai dQng Cd dOng 00 ctlu quay biin DQl vii DQ2 nhQ.n ngu6n
ctlp tu may pMt FQ.
M6i dOng cO dQng co mOt so d6 kh6ng khAc nhau khOng dang
nguy8n H. Trlm hinh 4-8 Iii sa d6 kh6ng chI! M dc;.ng mAy phAt ba cuOn day -
dong cO mOt truyi!D dOng cO ctlu nang _. dng co bAng b
kh6ng eM chi huy co 5 vi trI nAng vii 5 vi trl chlnh t6c dO dOng 00 va dao
57
'.
,
D CATi!
K(8
(N/
(Ar;
+
UI'J
Ju 2G
C
KH
r;
'2
Ij
!<
AAI
+
Hloh 4-8, Scl d6 dieu khifn cd du nang - ella may xUc SKr - 4.
qua.y th\1'C eAch thay d6i tri s6 vA C\1c tinh cua dbng trong cuQn
kich to dtc CKFI ella pMt. CUQn k1ch to song Bong cua may pM.t CKF2 dtlu
vila phft:n ung cUB. dng co dQng qua biA'n trO VR5. Cbn cuQn klch til n6i ti@'p
may pMt CKF3 dtlu n6i Wfp v{Jj th6ng hte F - D.
CuQn kich to dQc cua may pMt CKF-l dU:Qc clip ngu6n dc to may phat
kfch tit FKT. Stlc til dQng trong cuQn CKFI w. CKF2 clng nhau, COD sue tu: dng
trong cuQn CKF3 ngtigc voi hai cun trAn. Sue tit dQng t6ng ella may phst bAng :
F:r = FCKFI FCKF3 + FCKF2
(4-15)
DAo quay dQng eel bAng cae cOng to KN va KH j chinh t6c dQ bAng
cac cOng tAc ta gia t6c G
1
+ G
3
.
58
'.
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"..
,6Q
\
'"
.....
r..... r-..
,
-
\
?I,
"
: ..
I, lJ
\

i\ fz
\ 1\
(
\
,# ,\

1-' i
ro
Iiiiif1j
12ii00 JOOO 14,
II \ Afem
/C'

2,
\ '.n
1\ \

1\
\ I"-

\
I"
\
'\
,,-
\
I\.
.....
r-
I'" I'"
I\.
I'-
15
0
4'0/
; r-
"
r-:
/1.0 fq;v
in
i:'

l\
"lob 4-9. CAe dUdng tlOO C(J cia co cau nAng - h\l gAu ella mfly xuc 9Kr - 4.
Do dnh cMt khu tit cUB cun kich tit CKF3, t6c dO dQng cd giAm khi tB.i cua
dOng CO tAng. Tlic dt,mg cUR CKF3 se eM' dl.1C}c tri s6 mOmen dung (j trj. 86 cho
Md = (1,5 + 2) M
dm
t(lO ra d1ibng dl)c dnh 00 gay gl,l.C khi qua. too.
Chuy@'n bQ kh6ng chi buy sang vi tri Mn trai, cuQn dAy cOngtActa KN cd
Dbng trong cun klch tu. CKFI nho nhAt. (cuQn dAy dtlu n6i tit1'p qua cAe
trl:! Tl' r
2
T3 vA T
4
) MOmen d9 dQng Cd sinh ra bhng O,5M
dm
t6c dO dQng 00 thtlp
nhtlt (dti'bng clnb 1 trAn blnh 4-9) dt!' keo c6ng cap, khAc ph\lc khe hCJ trong cdc
khAu troyan h,t'c vA dua gtlu xiic An tit tit vAo dllt dA, M.t dtlu qua. trinh b6c xuc. Nt1'u
chuy@'n dlin b kh6ng eM' chi huy sang vi trl "3", "4", "5" t6e d dOng co tAng dlin
ang vai cae dl10ng dnh 2, 3, 4 (Mnh 4-9). Khi b kMng cht1 chi huy vi
trl "0" cae cOngtAeta gia t6c 3G, 2G va IG Ilin ll1<;lt milt dOng co sang eh(!
d hiim dOng na.ng (dl1bng dnh 0 hinh 4-9). gtiu bhng cAeh quay b kh6ng
eh(! chi huy sang nAm vi trl Mn pMi. C6ng tAe to KH eo dong eun klch tit CKFl
vAo ap el,te dnh ngt1<;le (cAe dnh 00 lC + 4C hinh 4-9). Trong cAe
trI nAy eOng tAc to KCB milt tn'.l r
1
dl1<;le dIu vAo cun k(ch tit eua dOng co
CKTD lAm eho tit thOng kleh til: giam, tAng t6c d hlil gliu.
59
'.
4.6. TRANG B! DlI;N - DII;N TU MAy XUC 3Kr - 4, 6
May xuc 3RT - 4, 6 11\ cO may xuc c6 cOng BuAt trung bl.nh voi th4 deh gtiu xuc
4,6m
3
. Mile dQ trang bi - til gtin gi6ng nbu may xuc 3Rr - 4. Cae cd c!lu
chInh cua may xiic co mQt dQng rillng teo -Trang may xuc nAy dung
dQng may phat - dQng cd co khuyEkh til: It,1c (KDT).
Cae cd cAu chlnh cua may xuc dung mQt M dQng cO 8d d6 nguyen H
gi6ng nhau. dQng Cd cliu nAng - dtiQc bigu trlm hinh 4-10.
May phat FN co hai cuQn kich tU : cuQn k{ch tu Bong song CSF lam VI,l
k(ch, lam giAm cOng sullt klch tii: cua CUQD k[ch til dQc lap va gia t6c trong
ch de) qua dQ. kh6ng cd kich til: CSF, sue dQng cua may pMt tang rtH nhanh
trong qua trlnh dQng do t6c dQ gia tAng cua cuQn kich ttl dQc CKF. CUQn tich
tu dQc IaP eua mAy phat phAn thanh hai nU:a va hai din tro can M.ng Reb dau thanh
c4u tro Reb M.ng tra cuQn kich ttl). Hai dllong cheo cua c4u dd"u vaO
ap ra cua hai khuEfch tu KDTI va KDT2. KhuEfch d!;li tu cd nAm kh6ng
chEf KDl + KD5 (khOng dicb). dOng lilm 6n dinh vii
ra hQ dac dnh cd phil hc;fP vOi cg,u cOng ngM may xllc nhb tAc d\lng kEft hqp
clla cAc cun kh6ng cua tu.
Qua trlnh khai dQng, chlnh t6c dQ, dilo quay vil ham dC)ng 00 dC)ng
th1,1C hin bang cach thay d6i tri s6 va dbng din trong cuC)n chu d!;lo KDI bang
bc;l khOng chi huy IKC.
CUe')n chu KD I d1.1Qc di(u vao ph4n Ilng cua may pMt kich FKT qua hai biEfn
tro VRI vA VR2. Tri s6 w. dbng din trong cun chu d!;lo KDl thay ddi nhO hi)
kh6ng chi huy IKC rnA khOng dln dEfn cOng tAc tel dAo Be') khdng chEf chi
huy IKC co 4 vi tri nAng vii 4 vi trf : IKCI, lKCII, IKCIII,
lKCIV, lKCV, lKCVI (trong do IKCI, lKCV dAo quay, lKCVI dIS giAm kich
til de')ng cd khi g4u). B6n cbn hili tlldng Ilng vOl 4 cd"p t6c de') clla de')ng
Cd DN. Ta.ng t6c dQ dOng CO DN th1,1C hin blng cAch nglin mlilch d4n chiEft ap VR2
dA:u n6i tip trong cun kh6ng ch@" KDl blng cae tilSp dilSm lKCII, lKCIli w. lKCIV.
CuC)n kh6ng ch@" KD5 IA cue')n philn h6i ap may phat. CuOn do d1.1Qc n6i vAo d1.1bng
cMo cliu cAn blng hOi cAc vai dlu : CSF, cac tra rl' r
2
va r
4
. d chi! de') lam
6n dinh, suc tu dQng trong cuQn CSF bhp.g khOng. Khi Ap phat ra clla may
__
dong tiong cu.n KD5. Cun kh6ng ch@" KD5 th1,1c khAu phan Mi mem
ap may phat. Cue')n kMng- ch@" KD4 IA cun phan h6i dbng din dQng Cd, d1.1<;lC
dfu vAo cuQn thu cp cua bh'!n ap 6n dinh BA n6i tiI'!p vOi bh'!n tra VR3 dIS hiu chinh
gia ttic, tAng mOmen. Cuc;ln so: cllp cua bh'!n lip BA IA cuQn phy. cua may phAt CPF.
CuQn kh6ng cM KD3 IA cuQn phim h6i A.m dbng cO ng!t hr;m cM dbng din dung
dl'!n tri 86 cho pbep Id = (2,4 + 2,7) I
dm
va n!ng cao de') cUng cua d1.1<mg dnh Cd
khi tti s6 dbng cUB dQng Cd nlm trong vi I = 0,7 + 1,4) I
dm
, d6ng thbi
n6 th1,1c chllc nang giilm nhanh dbng d1.1 trong ml;lch ph4n ung khi phanh
dung. Vue nAy cun kh6ng chI'! KD3 dtlQc dd"u tr1,1c til'!p vao IIU;lch ph4n ung cua dQng
qua til'!p dilSm thudng kIn Dg 2KC khOng qua khAu ng4t (VR4, VI vA V2). CuQn
KD2 lA cun phan Mi Am ap th1,1C chile nang d$.p ap d1.1 eua may phat
60
-
;:;
"
'"
+
t;:
'"
'>!
'"
,
-.-
or

--0
'"
-

Ir
'"

>-

'"
'"
<'l
IL:

"*
'"
fc-
C>
"
L
'"
Ii'
+
d

.,.---

.,
'"
!
!

I
Y!)


<I

\:;

<S

'.
"8 f-

. .l . .l
-t-
Blob 4-10. H(! tru)'l!n (lQng co du nang - gti.! cua may rue SRI' - 4,6.
vA qua. trlnh cuang bue kfch W, giAm thbi gian qua. dQ. Cuj)n k(ch tu cua dQng co
CKTD da:u vila ngu6n dQc l*p llOV qua hai trl:! rs va r
6
, Khi dQng cd d()ng
lam Cl chi! dQ nAng, cuQn dAy cua cl)ng Me tCl KKT cd dien, cuOn dAy kich tit dOng
co dffu vao ngu6n cllp n6i tii!p voi rs vA r6 TU thOng kich tit dQng Cd giA tri .dinh
muc. Khi dng co lAm Cl chi! d hlil giu, KKT mit di(ln, tu thOng. kich tu cua dOng
00 giAm, tAng t6c dQ
61
+
Chzrung 5
A A'
TRANG BI DIEN - DlEN TlI
, ;'A'.,,,
CAC THIET B! TAl LIEN TI,IC
5.1. KHAI CHUNG VA PHAN LO!).I
Cae thiel hi tAi t1,lc thllbng dung C1,IC lUch thll{1c
nha, chuyen chlJ cltc chi (j dl;lng thil.nh phtim vii ban thanh phl1m, cha hanh khtich
thea mQt cung dt1bng nhtlt dinh khOng cd trf,lm dung giua dl.1bng. Thit hi tAi
t\lC baa g6m : bllng too, ba.ng Mng gtlu, duo:ng goong treo va thang chuyen.
Cae hj tAi lien t1,lC co nllng suilt cao so v{li cae phuong khac, nhtlt Ie a
cae viIng nui non hay dia blnh phuc b,lp.
'. Bllng tili dung vl)n vl)t dl:tng va C1,lC kich thudc nha.
Bl'lng chuyen dung tAi cac thanh phlim va. ban thanh phlim trong cae
phAn xulJng, nbA roily san xutlt thea da.y chuyen.
BAng gliu dung v(in tili df,lng hl:tt thea phuong thAng dung. BQ pb4n b6c
hang Ie. nhung g.!lu nhO.
D11bng gobng trea dung cho hang va hanh khach d nhung dja hlnh
phuc tf,lP, mli non tra.
Thang dung dtJ chuy@n cM hanh khach trong cac cua hang si{!u cac tba
thi chinh, noi cd l11u 111Qng hanD khach Ibn va trong cAe nha ga tau nglim.
1. Bing Iii
S.2. CAU T!).O VA THONG SO Ki
ClIA cAc THIET B! TAl LIEN TI,IC
BAng tAi lA thit hi v$n t\IC dung dt1 chuy@n cha hang dQ.ng hf,lt, C\lC thea
phuong nAm ngang, ho4C thea phAng nghi@ng (gdd nghi@ng khOng Ion hOn 30),
Ut c.!lu cia mQt bAng too c6 dinh dUr;!c tr@n hlnh 5-1. Bilng tai 7 cha hang
di tr@n cAe con Illn do: 12 va can llln dO: d11{Ji 11. cae con liln lAp trf!n rn(lt
khung Imn. giA dO: 10. Truyan dng kea bang tAi nhb hai tang: tang chu d(lng 8 va.
tang th\l dng 5. Tang chu dQng ga ch*t hai giti dO: va n6i v{Ji tr\lc dng 00
truyan dng qua hQp giam USc. TQ.O ra suc mng ban d.!lu cUe bllng tAi nhb co ctlu keo
cllng g6m d6i tl'9ng 1, cO du va dAn h11{Jng 2, 3 va 4. Bllng tai
ttl 6 den dd lJ mang 9.
62
oj
L1P1>71'
A-A
II/
c)
"
'-
,
,
j
Hlnh 5-1. cau. ella bang (ai c6 dinh.
NAng suilt cua bAng tAi dlll;lC tinh thea bigu thuc :
3600 a v
Q = ,. v,[kg/sJ bay Q = 1000 = 3,6'. v, [tAnlhJ
Trang d6 : a - Kh6i luQng tAi thea dAi, [kg/rn]
v - t6c dQ di chuy@"n cua bAng, [m/s]
Kh6i hlQng tAi thea dill cua ba.ng dllt;lC tinh thea tht1c :
,=8.,.1<>'
Trong d6 : r - Kh6i )u(;mg ril!ng cua v$,t [t.fn/m3].
S - tUft cAt ngang cua Y1.t bAng, [m
2
]
2. BAng gau
(5.1)
(5.2)
Bang g.l1u dung v$n chuyAn d@ng h\.lt thea phuong thAng dung ho(i.c thea DJ4t
phAng D.ghil!ng Ibn (gt:5c nghillng Ibn han 60). Klft cl1u cua bang g.l1u di.;n triln hlnh
5-2. N6 baa g6m mQt deb keo khep kin 2 vA vAt qua hoa cue cua tang quay 1. Ph"l1n
dQng bAng g.l1u dUQc baa che kIn bAng hQp d$y 3 vA co Cu dAn huOng 4. CAe
gAu xUc 5 dUQc gd. c6 dinh vOl. CO' CU koo ct1a bAng g4u. Tang ch\\ dQng (hO$C boa cUe)
1 dugc n6i vOi dQng co dQng 10 qua hQp giAm t6c 9. V$t dUQe til 6ng
6 vA dd vAo 6ng 8. T6c dQ di chuy@"n ct1a hAng gliu cd th@" eh!;m tit 0,85 + 1,25m/s
NAng sw'lt eua bAng gtiu xae djnh theo biu thue sau
1 >f ,
Q = -, - . v . 3600, [tAnlhJ
k
Trong do : i - th6 deb cu.a m6i gtiu, [m
3
]
If' - 86 lAp d!:ty g4u, trj s6 khoang (0,4 -70 0,8)
(5.3)
63
'.
OJ
/I
'\
f
,-
,
,
I
,
I
1,.70
1 -
t-
I
I
,
J
3-
r-
,
,
,
, ,
/(

4-


5-
D

,
oj
--L

I

I
"
I
-1
, '
,
,
11
ffinh S- 2. du cia Mng glhi.
y - Kh6i luc;lng ella v(lt h(lt, (tIln/m3)
Ik - CI;l Ii gius cae ga:u, [m]
v - V(ln t6c di chuygn, [m/s1.
3. Duong goong Ireo
Dubng gobng treo thllbng duge eM' thea hai ki(!'u : dUbng goong mOt cap va
dubng goong hai cap keo. cia dllang gollng treo hai cap dUQc bi(!'u di@:n
blnh 5-3.
Dubng gobng co hai ga : ga hang 7 va ga dd hang 2, giua hai ga do cAng hai
dllong cap : cap mang 4 va cap keo 3. D(!' tl;lO ra l\1c cAng Clla cap 2 cd cO cliu
keo cAng cap 1. CJ giua khoAng each hai ga cd clic gh\ da cap trung gian 5. Cap keo
3 dUQc kg thAnb mt m/ilch kin vlJi co cAu dQng 8 va dng cd
dQng 9. Cae toa hang 6 dUc;lc gdn van cap keo 3 vA di theo cap mang 4.
64
7
c
5
lfinh 5-3. t(lO duong g06ng lreo hai cap.
S6 h19ng toa hang di den ga co tM!" chQn (60 -7 150) toa/h vai thbi gian gian each
t = (20 + 60) s. Nang suat cua duang goong treo duqc dnh thea biu thuc
Trang dd
3600
Q -t- G, [Mn/hJ
t - Thbi gian giaD each gifta hai toa hAng, [5]
G - Kh6i h:tQng tai cua mt toa hAng, [tAn}
4. Thang chuyl!n
(5.4)
Thang IA cAu thang di . Mn tl).C dung chuyl!n cho M.nh
khAch. T6c d di cia thang v = (0,5 + l)m/s. CiIu t\:to va ket ca:u eua
tb"ang gilli blnh 5-4: Dng Cd dng 6 dUQc lAp b dau cua
thang chuy!n h,1e cha.. trv.c chu dQng 5. Cae thang cua thang 4
thenh mQt ncb khep kin tu trv.c chd dng 5 tr1,lC thl.,l dng 2. d trl,lc
thl,l dQng c6 co cAu t$o ly:c ang cho thang 1. dAm bAa an toAn cho hanh
kh8ch, hai Mn thang c6 tay vlP 3 di chuyln d6ng thbi vlJi cae thang.
IDnh 5-4. clu cUa thang
5. TB()[lT A
65
NAng sua:t cua thang dUQc dnh theo hiu thuc sau
1
Q - mlr.' v . ip 3600, [ngttbi/h]
mb
(5-5)
Trong do : ip - s6 h'lp dAy khach cua thang
v - t6c dQ di chuydn , [m/s]
11mb - s6 thang cua thang mc)t don met dlti
mr. - s6 khAch tr@n mOt thang.
5.3. NHUNG VEU CAU DOl Val TRUVEN D9NG
cAc THIET B! VAN TAl LIEN WC
eM' d lam cua cAc bi tAi t\lC la ch dQ dai vO'i ph\l tAi hau
nhu khOng dOL Thea y@u cliu cong hAu dic thit bi tai li@n t\lC khOng
cilu chinh t6c dQ. Trang cAc phAn xuang san xuflt thea dAy chuyen co noi yeu
cau dlti chtnh t6c dQ'D = 2 : 1 dd tAng nhjp de) lam cua taEm b da.y
khi
dQng cAc thit Mn t\lC can dAm bAo kMi dng dliy taL Mamen khdi
dQng cua dOng co Mkd = (1,6 -+ 1,8) M
dm
. Boi nen ch9n dng co dng thiet
bi tAi lien t\lC Ia dOng Cel co 86 truQt lon, ra.nh stator sAu d@" co mOmen md
mAy Ion.
N gu6n cung cflp cha dng co dQng cac thit bt tAi lien tl:J,C co
dung IUQng du lon, la d6i vbi cOng suilt de)ng co 30 kW, de khi md may
khOng anh huang den lubi va quA trlnh khai dQng dUQC th1,1c nhang
va dAng hon.
5.4. TiNH CHQN CONG SUAT D9NG CO TRUVEN D9NG
THIET BI VAN TAl LIEN TI,IC
Tinh ch9n c6ng sua:t co thit bi tAi lien t\lC thub'ng thea cang
suilt cAn tlnh. Ch quA khOng dnh vi 86 hin dong cAt it, kh6ng Anh huang
den ch dQ tai cua co dng. Ph1,l tAi cua bi tai lien t1,lC thubng
it thay dOi trong quA trinh Him nen khOng clin thit phai kidm tra thea dillu
phAt nang va quA tAL Trang di11u lAm n11 bi. ca:n kidm tra
theo dillu rna mAy.
Sau ddy Ia phuong phAp tInh chQn cOng sulit dOng Cd btmg tAL Tren
- hlnh 5-5 cha thily : MOt 11,1c bit kl f thea phuong dllng d(it tren nghieng,
co thd phAn thanh 2 thAnh phdn
(5-6)
-(n vuOng goc v{Ji m/).t nghieng,
-(t song song v{.li nghieng.
66
'.
IHnb 5-5. Sa dO tiM toan h,le eua bang t.ii.
Khi tInh chQn oong smH
dng cd dng ba.ng
tai, thubng tlnh theo cae
thanh ph lin sau :
a. COng suA"t PI M dfCh
chuyl!n vfj.t
b. Cang suA"t P
2
de khac
ph\lc USn thA"t do rna sat
trong cac d dO, rna sat giua
bAng t.tli va cae con IAn khi
bAng tAi ch:;ty khOng.
c. COng suilt P
3
de nang
tai (nu la bAng tai
nghieng)
Ll,tc ca'.n thit dfCh
chuyl!n V?t la :
(5-7)
vi thanh pha:n phap tuyn I = L . d . coe{3 g ra h,tc cAn (rna sat) trong cac
6 da va rna sAt giUa bAng t.tli 'va cac con lAn.
Trang d6 : p - g6c ella b!\ng tAi
L - dELi b!\ng t.tli
a - kh6j IUQ'ng 1m bAng t.tli
kl - h(! s6 dnh dn h,tc can khi djch chuyl!n kl = 0,05
COng suA"t ca'.n thit djch chuyl!n vat IA :
PI = F} v = a L'. kl v g
(5-8)
Lvc can do cae Io:;ti rna sat sinh ra khi ba.ng tai d/)ng .khOng tAi se Ia
F2 = 2Lo
b
c0e{3 k
2
g = 2L' 0b' g
k2 - M s6 dnh dn h,te can khi khOng taL
(5-9)
db - kh6i lUQ'ng bAng tai 1 met dai bAng. COng suAt ca:n thit khAe
ph\lC cae h,tc cAn ma sat:
P
2
= F
2
v = 2L' . db . . v . g
Ll,tc ca:n thit na.ng vat :
F3 = La. sinf3 g
(5-10)
(5-11)
Trang bil!u thilc (5-11) lA"y dIu cng (+) khi tai di l@n vA dflu tru (-) ttiong dng veti
tAi di xu6ng.
COng suA"t nAng bAng:
P
3
= F3 . v = d H v g
(5-12)
67
Cong sua:t tlnh cua bAng tAi :
P = PI + P
z
+ P
3
= (aL'k
l
+ aH)g. v
COng sultt dOng cCl truyen dng bang till dUQc dnh thea bigu thuc sau
p
P
dc
=k
3
Tj
Trang do - s6 dl,! tru ve oong su!t (k
3
= 1,2 ..,.. 1,25)
rz - Hi(!u su!t truyen dOng.
s.s. TRANG B! - Tlr BANG TAl
(5-13)
(5-14)
Khong che tl,! dOng mOt truyen dOng bAng tAi phAi thea c<iu cOng ngM cua
d6i tuc)"ng rna bang tlli ph1,lc V1,l.
Cac nguyl!n tac chinh khi th6ng kh6ng bAng tAi la :
1. Thli tv khai dOng cac Mng tAi ngttQc chieu vOi dong djch
2. Dung bang tAi bltt ky nao do chi du'Qc phep khi bAng tAi tr110c no dB. dirng.
3. PhAi co cam ve Mc dO cua m5i bAng Hi va cac ca.m baa co tai tren
bang trong cac thimg chua.
Sau da.y se nghil!n cuu th6ng t1,1 dOng kh6ng bAng tai co ba dong djch
Mu. So d6 cOng c'J hlnh 5-6 va SCI d6 If c'J hlnh 5-7. dUQc
tai tit bang tAi 1 (blnh 5-6) do VaG thimg pha.n ph6i T
t
. Sau do dUQc pha.n
ph6i thea hai dllbng chinh ; dllong thu 1 thea hai bang t!li 2 va 3 rai del vaa xilO SI'
o@o
'0J
duong thu hai thea bang
I tAi 4 d6 vila thung phan
( ) i2) () ph6i T 2 Til thung phOn
ph6i T
z
phAn ra hai
dllbng nhanh : nhanh
TI mot thea bang tAi 6 d6
.. 0
C'""l)c-7@,x-(r)
T2
vao xilO S2' nhanh thu
hai thea bang tAi 5 do
vao xilo 8
3
.
Trong SCI d6 dieu
khign (hlnh 5-7) co 4
chQn
ch d lam cua cac
bAng tlli 1 CM -7 4CM.
Kh6ng ch taan b M
, th6ng lam bang nut
() @ 0 0 @ () blfrn rna may "M".
o Gill thu, mu6n tAi
IDnh 5-6, SO d6 c!'lng cUa ba.ng tai.
o nguyl!n vao silo S3
Quay chuydn dg
cho 1CM va 4CM kin.
68
Relle trung gian lRTr (1-3) cd
relle trung gian' 4RTr (1-9) ding cd
dit3m 4RTr (3-21) ddng If,li chut'tn
bi cho 9RTr lain Til!p dil1m 4 RTr
(3-27) d6ng chu!'in cho 12RTr lam
vi(ic. 4RTr (3-29) ddng If,li
chuan bj cho 13RTr lam
An nut rna may "M", rale trung gian
5RTr c6 di(in, d6ng 5RTr
(1-15) t\i duy tTl ngu6n dip, ddng til!p
diem 5RTr (1-19) cho 8RTr co di(in,
dong mf,lch cho coi io;@u (kh6ng tM'
trong sa d6), bao th6ng chu!'in bj lam
Sau mc;.t thbi gian duy trl,
thU'ong rna dong cua role thbi gian
RTh (1-15) dong if,li cho 6RTr co
dong diem 6RTr (1-17) chu!ln
bj cho 7RTr (1-11) rna
dil1m 6RT (1-19) cAt role 8Tr.
dil1m 8RTr (127) dong If,li di\n 7RTr
co 7RTr (1-3) cflp ngu6n
cho toAn Dlf,lch lAm Khi 13RTr co
di(in, dil1m 13RTr, (3-41) cflp
cho cOng tAc tel K5, cOng tAc ta K5 dong
cho dOng co dOng bAng tM
5. Khi bAng till 5 df,lt t6c dO djnh muc,
dil1m Clla role kil1m tra t6c dO RKT5
(3-39) kln coo cuOn dAy
K4 cd ddng di$n'eb.o dQD:g
dOng bAng till 4. Khi bAng tAi 4 df,lt t6c
dO dinh mllc, digm clla rale kiem
tra t6c dO RKT 4 (3-33) kin,
Kl cO ddng dOng co truy(!n dOng
ba.ng tM 1.
1
!CAl
I
I ,
$ ..1!..
""'-"1", 0-,4-':;
SRTr
f'KJr 8KTr
SRTr D'KTr
iKTr
ItfTr
J
S
JRTr _
7
4;fTr j
fRTrlf
KTI7IJ
ltfTrl5
1KTr 11
8RTr 11
J,fTr
3
-'1KTt-.21

Wr
I,fTr
IIKTr is
JKTr

'J,fTr
1----,
IJKTr 2'1
JI
KKT4 II(
'Tr
ZKC
iA'Tr KK7!""
,----"
2KT,r _______
KtT5 JKC
f;,(Tr -


14,fTr
2RTr
JKTr
INC
,<}
J3
35
37
39
41
4J
47
Hlnh 5-7. So d6 nguyen Ii eua Mng taL
69
'.
PHAN II
TRANG B! OleN - n) U) OleN
Trang dbi s6ng V1\ san xua:t, cliu sit dyng nang r!1t Ibn. Trang cae nganh
co.ng khAc nhau, nang dung dt'!' Dung, sy. n1Iu chAy cAe cMt ...
IS. m()t cliu khOng tM thh1u. Ngu6n nang nay duqc tit nAng qua
cAe 10 la n1t bia'n,
Tu nAng, co th{f thu duQ'c nang bAng each: nbb ung Joule (10
trd), nhb phong h6 quang (lb h6 quang), nhb tAc d\1ng cua dong xoAy
Foucault th6ng qua tUQng cAm dng tit (lb cam ung), v.v ...
Chuong 6
L() TRO
6.1. KHAI NleM CHUNG vA PHAN LOAI
Lb tro IS. thit1t bj bia'n nAng thanb nAng thOng qua dAy d6t (day
tra). Tit dAy d6t, qua btlc d6i hiu vA dAn nang dl1Qc
tai c.!1.n gia Lb di(jn tIiJ thubng dung nung, na:u chAy
kim mall va hQP kim mAu ...
Phdn loq,i lo tro c6 cach :
a) Thea dQ lam cda Ib, chia ra :
- Lb dO Ihp (1 < 650"C),
- L6 dQ trung blnh (to = 650C + 1200
0
C),
- La dq cao (to> 1200
0
C).
b) Thea nai dung, cd :
- L6 dung trong cOng
- L6 dung trang phong thi
- L6 dung trang gia dlnh v.v ...
70
'.
c) Theo dnh lilm co :
,
- Ul lAm Mn t\1C,
- LO lam vi4;!c giAn
Lo lam vil;!c t\1C duQ'c clIp dil;!n HAn t1,lC vil nhil;!t
. nilo do (blnh 6-1a) sau trlnh khoi 10.
giu dn dtnh a mOt gia trt
, I'
,
I'
I'
,;
1:
____________
,""
t
Q
oj b)
Hinh 6-1. D6 thl nhiet de vii c()ng suA! t6.
e) Thea m1,lC dich su d\1ng, co : 10 tOi, 10 ram, 10
li, 10 nung, 10 miu chAy v.v ...
o Vil;!t Nam thubng dung: 10 kU!"u bu6ng d@'
luyl;!n (tOi, U, nung, thflm than) ; 10
flung, ; 10 mu6i dli nhil;!t luy4;!n daa cAt
qua mu6i nung ...
I'
t
'" I'
Khi kh6ng ch nhil;!t
bAng each dong cAt
ngu6n thl dO se
ciao quanh gia tIi
nhiQt dn dn dtnh
(hlnh 6-1b)
Lo lAm vil;!c gian
thl' d6 thj va
nhil;!t dO vil cOng suflt
nhl1 hlnh 6-2.
d) Thea cau 10,
cO : 10 bu6ng, 10 gieng,
10 ch1,lp, 10 M'
rml
__
ffinh 6-2. D6 Ihi nhit d(l
va cMg sui'll !o lam viec gi(\.n doan.
6.2. YEU CAU Deil VOl vAT LAM DAY DOT
Trang Ib diilln tra, dAy d6t Iii. phl1n ttl chlnh bien ddi dil;!n nAng thAnh nang tMng
qua ling Joule. DAy d6t dn phai lAm tu cAc v$.t lil;!u thOa mAn cAc cliu sau
- chiu dl1Q'c dO cao,
- dO Cel khi Ibn,
- cO su4t Ibn (vi tre suflt nh6 sa dAn dAy dili, kho hIS tri trang 10
hol),C dAy phAi nha, khOng Mn),
- hI;! 86 nhil;!t tra nM (VI di4;!n tre se it thay ddi thea nhi4;!t dO, dl\m bAa cOng
su.!l"t 10),
- ch$.m hoa giA (tuc IA dAy d6t it bi bien ddi thea thbi gian, da do dam bAa tudi
the? cua 10).
-Vc;tt lam dfiy ddt co th@' la :
+ hQ'p kim: Cr-Ni, Cr-Al ... vbi 10 co lAm dl10i 1200
0
C
71
.
+ h<;lp chat : SiC, MoSi
2
, .. v{Ji 10 co dQ lam 1200
0
C + 1600C ;
+ DelD chat: Mo' W, C (graphit) ... v6"i 10. co dQ lAm cao helD 1600C.
BAng 6.1 cho mt viti tMng s6 Cd bAn cua lam day ddt 10 tra.
Bang 6-1
Thanh phtn hoa hqc (%)"
so
(con IA Fe va cAc chat khAcl d!) lam
trO
tra suat
Cr Ni AI SiC Si0
2
max
(a. 10-
3
1O-6Qm
(0C) dO-I)
Cr-Ni 20-23 75-78 1100 0,035 1,15
Cr-Ni 15-18 55-61 1000 0,1 1,10
Cr-Al 12-15 3-5 850 1,26
Cr-Al 23-27 4-6 1200 1,25
SiC 94,4. 3,6 1500 1000-2000
Graphit 2800 8-13
Mo 2000 5,1 0,052
Ti 2500 4,0 0,15
W 2800 4,3 0,05
6.3. TfNH TOAN DAY DOT
Xuat phat tii: nang suat 10, ta tinh ra cong sulit 10 thl,L tii: lu:6"i NAng
suat 10 :
M kg]

(6-1)
trong do : M - Kh6i lU:Qng v*t gia (kg) ;
t .:.. Thlri gian gia (8)
Nhi(!t lU:Qng hitu feh cl1n cp cho v$t gia nhi(!t :
Q
hi
M. c ('2 - , [J] (6-2)
trong do : e - dung riang trung blnh cua gia trong khoAng d
+ tp, [Jlkg. dQ] ;
72
tl ' - dO hie ddu vA We gia eua v$,t gia [oCJ,
COng 8Uat- hftu feh ella 10 :
Q/ri
Phi = -t- = - tt') , [W]
(6-3)
COng suat Ib :
(6-4)
'.
trong do : tz - suf1t cua 10.
Thubng 10 tra c6 sutlt tz = 0,7 -:- 0,8.
Cong suiH cua thii3t bi :
P k P
IO
' [W] (6-5)
trang do : k - s6 d\I' tru, Hnh dg'n dnh ap lu'oi bi t\lt thf1p, do dAy
hoa giA ma tro tang
k = 1,2 -T 1,3 d6i voi 10 lam
k = 1,4 -T 1,5 d6i vdi 10 lAm thea chu kyo
Ttl c6ng sua:t P, cd tMr dnh ga'.n dung m,(lt d<) cOng suf1t ddy d6t mQt pha. Do Iil
kha ndng dip eua da.y d6t trong mQt ddn vi thai gian tren mt ddn vi deh
M da.y.
P
--,
mFdd
W
[ m
2
l
(6-6)
trong do : m - S6 pha .
F dd - tich M Heh !tung quanh) eua dAy d6t mOt pha
{m
2
]. Tu c6ng suilt Ib, cd thg Hnh du'Qc kleh thu'dc dAy d6t din trang hi
cho 10. Vdi Ib co s6 pha d6i xung, c6ng sua:t mQt pha M la :
(6-7)
Tren quan taa cOng suilt dAy d6t clip qua deh xung q uanh F dd
nen:
Suy ra :
trang dd
Tl'en quan
Suy ra :.
P ph Wd" dd Wd,;LC
P
ph
L
WddC
L - dai ddy d6t (m] j
C - Chu vi tig't ddy d6t {m].
M giua cAe th6ng s6 thl :
U!h U!h
P
ph
= R = L
ph p_
s
trong do : S - deh tii3t dAy d6t, [m
2
l.
Cdn blng (6-8) va (6-9), co :
(6-8)
(6-9)
P!hP 1
CS -,-. W (6-10)
l!ph dd
Vi3 trai (6-10) lA cae tMng 56 kfeh tbuO'e dAy d6t. Thua s6 d!'1u eua ph8i h\
cAe tMng 86 Thua s6 sau cua phAi ndi len quan M eua dAy.
73
'.
DAy dung trong lb tro cd co trbn hay chu nhQ.t va klch cO
nhu bang 6-2.
de. lam
trong 10 (OC)
<300
300 - 600
600 - 800
800 - 1000
100 - 1100
1100 - 1200
Voi d!ly trim: C := nd
Bang 6-2
Klch thuoc d!ly d6t (m.m)
DAy tron D!ly chu:
(duong kfnh d)
(kieb thu6c a x b),
a
(-
= m)
b
1
2
3 - 4
4 - 5
6 - 7
7 - 8
1
S = -nd
2
4
8 x 1
10 x 1
15 x 1,5
20 x 2
25 X 2
25 x 3
Thay (6-10) va tlm d, cd
d
= 2 J
r
-4j'-P-"P"-h-
V ' [m]
n
2
W u
2
dd ph
(6-11)
Voi dAy chu : C = 2(a + b) = 2a (m + 1)
S = ab = ma
2
Thay vaa (6-10) va tim b, co
r-----,----
21 pp3
a - V ph
- 2m(m +
, [ml (6-12)
va b = rna ; thubng m = 5 + 15.
dai dAy tim thea (6-9).
Khi b6 td dAy trang 10, dAy co u6n xal1n tron (hlnh 6-38) d6i vlli d"a.y trbn
u6n dich dAc (hlnh 6-3b) d6i voi dAy chu hay trbn.
74
J
Khi u6n xoAn troD, dubng klnh u6n 13. tuy
theo dO Mn cd cua dAy d6t. Thubng D = (4 + 10)
d. Bu6c xoAn S <JI 2d.
Khi u6n dfch d6ct ldch thu{jc eOng tuy thu.Oc d
'
0 Mn Cd cua dAy d6t. Thubng A 100a, S 2b.
D6i vlli dAy tron S i!'" 5d.
. .
0)
b}
Hinh 6- 3. Klch thu6c u6n day Iron
va day chO nhGt.
Trong cac Ib cd duoi 700C,
ttl' dAy d6t dA'n gia chtl
yA'u lA do hi'n tuQng dAn nhiqt vA d6i luu. Trang
cAc co nhiqt dQ cao hoo 7000C thi truyen
chu do bue
nghian e"llu phAn tich, ta giM
rAng, t6n th/lt qua va lb bAng 0 dAy d6t
DAy d6t dung trang 10 di1}n tro co thg co di1}n tron hay chU: nM,t va klch ca
nh1.1 bang 6-2.
Nhi1}t de;. lam
trang 10 (OC)
<300
300 - 600
600 - 800
800 - 1000
100 - noo
1100 - 1200
V{Ji dAy trim C = ;rrd
Bang 6-2
Klch thuoc dliy d6t (m.m)
Ddy tron
(duang kinh d)
1
2
3 - 4
4 - 5
6 - 7
7 - 8
1
S = -nd
2
4
DAy chft
(kfch thu6'c a X b),
a
(-
b

m)
8 x 1
10 X 1
15 xl,S
20 X 2
25 x 2
25 X 3
Thay vao (6-10) va tim d, co
d = 1'-4-pp-'2
p
;-h-
V ' [m)

(6-11l
Vbi dAy chft : C = 2(a + b) = 2a (m + 1)
S=ab=ma
2
Thay vao (6-10) va tim b, co
, lm] (6-12)
a =
2m(m +
va b = rna ; th1.1ang m = 5 + 15.
Chil:!u dai ddy SEl tim tiEfp thea (6-9).
Khi b6 tri dAy trong 10, dAy co u6n xoAn tron (hinh 6-3a) d6i vlli dAy tron
u6n dich (hlnh 6-3b) d6i vlli dAy chu: hay tron.
74
s
Khi u6n tron, d1.1ang kinh u6n 11 tuy
thea de;. ben cO cua dAy d6t. Th1.1bng D = (4 ..;- 10)
d. B1.1oc xo:1n S ;,:. 2d.
Khi u6n dfch kich th1.1oc ciing tu'y de;.
r
fJ
bl!n cO cua dAy d6t. Thllbng A ;;,. 100a, S ;.. 2b.
D6i v{Ji dAy trim S ;;,. 5d .

0)
Hinb 6- 3. Kich thuOc u6n dAy trim
va day chi'l nh$t.
Trong cac 10 co nhi1}t d lam dum 700C,
truyl!n tit dAy d6t gia chu
yeu Ia do tllgng dAn va d6i l1.1u. Trang
cac la cd de;. cao hon 700C thi truyen
nhit chu yEfu do buc
dang cllu phAn dch, ta giai thiE!'t
rh.ng, Wn that nhit qua vo Ib Mng 0 va dAy d6t
Iii m(lt hi mong bao kin gia nghla IS. coi deh taa cua dAy bhng
di(m deh xung quanh gia Trang d6, phl1dng trlnh traQ nhi(lt
bue x:;t gius day ddt 01. tllong) vii gis se IS. :
[
T dd ) 4 (Tv) 4 1
P = CSEqd (100 - 100 Fdd ' [W)
(6-13)
trong d6 : P - C6ng sullt Ib, [W] ;
C
s
- Khe. nAng bue xl;\ eua vQ.t den d6i ;
C
s
= 5,7 W/m2, (K)4 ;
T
d
, - dQ d.y d6t, [K] ;
Tv - Nhi(lt dQ v(lt gia [KJ
Eqd - 86 bUc'xl;\ quy dlSi ;
1
Eqd= 1 1
+ - - 1
Edd ty
trong d6 : Edd va ty - cae M s6 bue nhi(!t (dQ den) cUa v(lt li(!u lam dAy ddt va
vQ.t lam v(lt gia
Til (6-13) c6 thl1 xae djnh d" c6ng sullt dAy d6t :
T
[ ( ) 4
(6-14)
hay
Wdd = EqdWs
voi
[ (
Tdd ) 4 (Tv 4 1 [w 1
Ws = Cs 100 - 100) , m2
(6-15)
Ws gqi IS. dQ cOng sul(t traQ d6i gil1a 2 v(lt den Gis tIi Ws cho
thea d6 thl (hlnh 6-4) va ph.,.. thuc vao dO dAy ddt va vQ.t gia
alld 91l1l fllllll ffPP f1'P#
moh 6-4. 06 thj ml)t dO COng SLut
ella dAy ddt co dO den d6i.
Trang cAe lam thl,tc cua 10 thl
buc tranh me. t.A qua trlnh phllc han. Day
khOng bac kln vl).t gia nhi(!t tOn thAt qua
vtkh 10, thanh trang 10 cilng trao dOi
v{Ji v(lt gia V.v ... Cae y($u t6 do dttt;JC
d($n qua M 56 bue cO hi(!u 111c ella dAy
d6t a va. ml).t dQ cOng sua:t cho pMp la :
W
Wep = qdWs
a
, [m
2
]
(6-16)
Sau dAy la mQt s6 tIi 86 a dl1 tham khao :
DAy xoAn tron dl).t trong rAnh nua kin l:J
vach 10 a = 0,16 + 0,24
Da.y xoAn tron dl).t trong 6ng trAn san 10
a = 0,3 + 0,36
Da.y d[ch dAc hay thanh a = 0,6 + 0,72
DAy chO nhl).t u6n d[ch dAc a = 0,38 + 0,44
75
Khi tlnh kich thltt'k dfl.y d6t mt pha, co th tlnh nhanh qua di(!n tra day Rdd
r6i l1,ta chQn dtly co di(!n sAn Sdd vi'l dc dinh d dili
. Sdd.
L
dd
;:;;: fdd = P phfd
d
Sau do, kim tra dO c6ng sua:t dAy d6t
P
ph
Wdd = F " Wcp
dd
Wdd > WC'E thl ctin ta.ng di(!n va dO dAi dtly. Khi tinh chqn dfl.y d6t cho 10
co nhi(!t dq li'lm Vl(!C 700C khOng dung dAy tron cd dubng kinh duo'i- 3mm
dfty chu nh(l,t dAy duai 1,5mm.
Kh6ng ch nhi(!t dO 10 di(!n tra co th 1:\ duy trl 6n djnh nhi(!t dO lam vi(!c cua 16
thay d6i de. thea vA duy trl 6n dinh nhi(!t dO do. Vi(!c kh6ng
nhi(!t dO 16 thuong duQ'c th1,1C hi(!n qua kh6ng cOng sua:t 10 bang ctich dong cat
'. ngu6n cap ngu6n ct{p.
1. So dO khOng chC' dQ co tiC'p dim
Hl.nh 6-5 IA so d6 kh6ng che nhi(!t dO cd dim. Ml;lch h,1C ca:p tu luai 220/380V
hay qua bien tip ap. Dong di(!n cllp cha
16 duQ'c do qua cac ampe ke v{Ji dong.
Khoa K dung chuyn d6i ch dO
khin tay T hay ty: dOng TD.
j
iA
JJT
, ,
,
, , ==="-_J
, I
"
K
K
Ji
1
I I I
"
K
I I I
o d kh6ng nhi(!t d TD, dvng
C\l kim tra nhi(!t DT duQ'c n6i Luc
nhi(!t dO tha:p du{Ji mllc quy djnh luc
m{Ji kbai dng 10) thl dim 2 dong
dim 1 rna), role R tac dng, dong
congtli.cta K d dip di(!n cho li'l. Den 2L
baa 81,1 dOng blnb thubng cua li'l khi
dUQ'c n6i di(!n. Liic nhi(!t dO caa hon muc
quy dinh thl Wfp 1 dong 2
Den 1L bAa quA nhi(!t dO vA role R
di(!n. COngtli.cta K cAt ngu6n ca:p cho
li'l. Den 3L btia 10 khOng dUQc cllp dil}n.
mob 6- S. Sd d6 kh6ng nhiet dO, c6
2. So dO kh6ng che d(i khfing difm
So d6 a hinh 6-6 1:\ }dlin 56 dung thyristor' kh6ng nhi(!t dO Ib di(!n tro
3 pha, dong th1,l t{Ji vAi trAm ampe (cOng sua:t vi'li ch\1c kW).
BO phat xung caa tttn XCT dung chung cho cll 3 pha dUQc cac ph.!in tu
lOgic NAND cua vi mfilch DD4. Tin 56 phAt thay d6i nhb bien 12K
76
'.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
c

..

,
, '
, .'
, '
, '
, ,
, ,
, ,
,-----l
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
..,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
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,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,

Hlnh 6-6. sa d6 "1' pha kh6ng eM nhit <10 16 diti;n tn'!.
86 Mnb KDK bi\ng 86 pha. Cl1.c KDK gi6ng nhau, tUc:Jng dng
vlJi pha. M6i (nhu A a hlnh haa g6m ; kh6i ngu6n ctlp cho cAe vi mQ,ch,
transistor ... (lBA, IVD, lR, 2C, Ie, 4VD), ngu6n dn d6ng hI) (2VD, 3VD, 2R, 3R,
4R), kha.u dich pha (lVT), may (DDl), hQ nhOlOgic 2 phlin,tU" NOR: DD2.1,
DD2.2), may pha.t xung cao t.!ln (DD3), hai bQ xung rna IFX
A
va 2FX
A
nhu nhau
transistor 2VT, bit1n Ap xung BAX) vA cae thyristor 1 VS, 2VS mAc song song
nguQc di! dlp dong cho Uti (dAy d6t R
rldA
pha A) qua role dong RD.
77
'.
II
a
Sd d6 hdi theo tin dl>.
HOf,lt dqng ella sd do nhu sau TI;li
bazd transistor 1VT, trong m6i nita ehu
kl lu6i, e6 ml>t xung lip ti1 eu6n thu C!lp
IBA Mi. Tl1n s6 xung lip gl1p dOi tAn sl'S
b luoi (hlnh 6-:-7a). Transistor IVT thOng
__ 1.L-'-_---'-'-, khi co xung ap duO"ng t6"i bazd. Khi xung
Hinh 6-7. D6 thi ::rung.
ap glin 0 thi transistor 1 VT khoa va
c trt'!n cfilecto" 1 VT xul1t mt xung
ehu (blnh 6-7b), x!ip Xl +a. Xung
nay tai dAu vao R cua may 2
6
va
may DDI bAt dAu xung. Dau
vao C duc;:rc C!lp xung ti1 b phat
xung cao tAn XCT. Tiln s6 xung dgm xac
dinh bdi 12R. Tan s6 niiy quygt goe
md cac thyristor sau 64 xung (goc rna a
tuO"ng ung voi thai gian 64 xung). Khi
khOng c6 phan hdi, con 12 ti1 phai
qua trai, tci.n s6 phat trl!n DD4 se thay
d6i ti1 5kHz Mn IMHz, tdc 13. Mng 200
hin. Khi d6, goc rna a ella thyristor thay
d5i thl:'e tg <::: fP dgn <::: 180. TAn s6 do
ciing tuO"ng ung vai ap phan h6i U h
ti1 6V xu6ng OV (con chf,ly c'J phla traO. P
Dong thm, khi dAu vao Rella DDI co xung thl dau vao DD2.1 cua hi> nh6 ding cO
xung va dAu vao DD3.1 cd muc lOgic O. -
Sau khi dem 64 xung (hlnh 6-7c), DDI cho mue lOgic 1 d dfiu ra vii tai DD2.2. Tv
d6 bQ nho chuyt'!'n muc lOgic dAu ra tu 0 - 1 (hlnh 6-7d)., cho phep b phat xung tren
cac phAn tu- DD3.1 + DD3.3 liim (hlnh 6-7d). SI:' liim cua b phat xung kh6ng
. phv thue vao trf,lng thai thea eua may vii n6 ngi1ng pMt xung eao tAn khi
eo tin Itlgic 1 cMectO" IVT. Xung ra kh6i may pha.t co tAn s6 6kHz va dUQe
d:;tng xung (Bubn tr110c dung, subn sau thoai) qua mf,ich vi phAn 4C-6R va dUQc
df,ii qua transistor 2VT tai a.p xung BAX.. Xung duO"ng tai bazd 2VT chi du9c
khuech df,li khi vdng xung Am khoa tu 2VD (hay 3VD cho kh6i 2FX
A
) Wi. Do cae
thyristor 1 V2, 2VS chI rna trong ntia chu kl khi ap anot dUdng hdn catot.
Dong trung blnh qua dAy d6t m6i pha ph1,l
thuc!c g6c md a, tuc 18. ph\1- thuc thai gian cua 64
xung, boi 12R (cung Iii dl;l.t dQ liim
eua 10). ap phan hdi duy tri 5n dj.nh d
l!ly tu cam d qua bQ df,li tin
KD. Sa d6 kh6i cua th6ng tin va phan
h5i nhu hinh 6-8.
B ngu5n 6n dong 6D C!lp cho b d6i BD
trong do d 10 lam thay d6i tn s6 tro
cua cam tTt'J. Tin ra qua b
A, mt ml;l.-t toi b df,ii pMn
heli KD dua tai transistor trubng FET (hlnh
6-6) va khac t6i b" d6i tUdng tl,l' - s6
ND va qua do tai b chi tht s6 CT.
78
DD
CT
p000
'-, '...!
K ./

./9u

AD
DB
,rfJ
I
Hlllh 6- 8. Sd (16 kh6i
he tin hio).L vii ph;l.n h6i.
'.
Kh6a chuyen ddi S de l1,1a ch9D hol)c cam bi.:!n IRS 2RS. Cam bi.:!n
lit mOt vai ca:u do mt Cae vai ca'.u khAc III 17R, 18R va 14R-15R-16R. Cung
clip dong cho cl1u do lit bl) dn dinh dong clio t/ilO tn;n khu.:!ch dl,li tmin tu DAl-2.
tra tin,h chinh 21R dung de thay ddi dong ra trong giai hE,lD nh6 va dam Ma thi.:!t
___ ___
din tra tinh chinh 14R.
Di(!n ap ra ttt dubng cheo cua cliu do ti l(! v6i di(!n tro dUQc khu.:!ch hOi b
vi phAn thl,{C DAl.l, Mi be) ddi AD chi thj s6 va
toi dl,li phAn h6i KD. CAe tl,l di(!n BC, ge, IOC de iQc
De 6n dinh ap cAp 2 cl,{c tfnh, sa d6 dung be) dn ap th6ng s6 11 VD - 27R vA
12VD - 28R. Sall be} chia lip 25R - 26R c6 t\l iQc phv thl!m 14C.
o ml,lch bi.:!n lip xung, 5VD - 7R de bAa v(! 2VT kh6i s.d.d tl,l cam cun Sd cap BAX
khi 2VT khda. 7VD - SR da bAo khian sai cl,{c tinh. Di6t BVD va t\!
5C da ra ti1 chum xung cao tlin mc)t xung co thanh pM.n tlin s6 cao de dam bao
rna tin thyristor khi till co thanh phin cam khAng (do dAy dot xoan vang).
00 3 kAnh khian au dl,mg chung mOt may phat xung XCT va trong m5i kl!nh,
2 kh6i lFX, 2FX su dl,lng chung mOt khau djch pha va pba.t xung g6c rna a
cac thyristor nhll nhau va trl!n ph\! tai se kh6ng c6 dong can bang.
BAo qua tAi cho thyristor nha role dong RD. diem thuang rna RO khi qua
tAi se dong va khau nha DD2.3, DD2.4 SE! cho ra tin lOgic 1 lAm sang LED bao
qua tAi 9VO d6ng thbi dliu vao trl!n cua 004.4 c6 muc 16gic 0 &\ khOng cho xung cao
tlin qua de tOi may DD 1. Sau khi xu H 81,{ c6, tin nut M dl1 qua khAu vi phAn
BC-lOR va di6t SVO cho xung duang chuyen dliu ra khAu ve muc 16gic 0 va cho
dliu vao trl!n cua DD4.4 muc 16gic 1. Ti1 do 004.4 cho xung cao tAn ti1 mAy phat qua,
tai may DDI.
dung dl1 khien cac thyristor 00 dong ti1 50A d.:!n SOOA.
3. So dO kh6ng ch tung clip cOng sulit 10 trQ
So d6 hlnh 6-9 dung
HLJ

f"

cho Ib c6ng 8u4t nha, ;
'I'''
+ I'o!',.ht;
t6i d.a B + 10 kW, thea

10 dip khac nhau, ti1
'1'/1

1 0 d.:!n 100% cOng suilt
",IlO +
dinh muc. So dd dung
U
leI
" u
:pc "d<I
JY'"
cac vi m(l,ch CMOS.
PC
I (OX
Z iC"
lR, IVD, 2VD,
JR

2R, 3VD t!.iO cae
I'T
ra
t'R
I'J
xung sau nAn

5VD khi lip !uai
B
, Yo
7'<
chuyen qua O. Trigo

11111):
.L
Smit boi 2 phlin tu
lIlnh 6-9. sa d6 Idll'ing chI!" Itlng dip cl'lng sual 10 dien Ira cOng sual nho.
79
NOR 11>. DDl.l va
DD 1.2 se hoan
cae xung nhtp
va dlla vAa cua
van eN cua bO dl!m
2-10 co giAi rna DD2.
Cae 6n tip IVD, 2VD
lam V\! chOng
cho bl)
chinh tranh chuydn
d6i sai cua bQ dem
DD2.
M!;lch 4VD, Ie va
2C t/ilO lip ml)t
lam ngu6n nuai
cae vi m!ilch.
'. Cae xung dlldng tCli bO dem, co dl) dAi xung (thbi gian xung) T/2 bang mqt nva
chu kl lip htdi vA nhau ve thai gian bang T/2. (blnh 6-10a). Khi ra 0
cua bl) dem co mue lOgic 1 thi da:u ra cua trigd RS t!;lO hoi 2 phan to: NOR DD1.3 va
DD1.4 co mue lOgic 1 va transistor VT thOng, dAn to'i thyristor VS tbang. Tai day dOt
Rdd cO dong ch!;lY qua. Thyristor thOng cho tOi khi da:u ra noi v{Ji con trllQ't chuyen
d6i S (hlnh ve 1ft dliu ra 7) cd mue l!'lgic 1. Luc d6 trigd RS tr!;lng thai va
thyristor kh6a.
Nhll cOng SUItt dlp cho tAi ung vlJi 70% (d nghich v{Ji dl) rdng cac xung a
dtlu ra tTigo RS (hlnh 6-10d). DI) rdng nay thay d6i nhO' can trllQt d6i S.
dtj xung {J hinh 1-IOd 5 sa deS blnh 6-9) co dtj Ion 200i2V.
can trttQt chuydn d6i S thit II vi tn 100% thl trigo RS khOng d6i
thai, gift nguy@n tr$ng thai dgu ra co mllc lOgic 1 va thyristor IUOn thOng, dAn den tAi
Rdd dllQc clp dliy du cOng sullt.
d sa d6 nAy, thyristor dong val tro ml)t khoa m!;lch (g6c mll luOn bhng 0).
Cdc 16 tra dung II Nam cO kil1u lo(\i va ngu6n g6c kM.c nhau.
Da phin la 10 Xo (cU.), mOt s6 khdc cua Duc, Hung v.v ... va mOt s6 16 thi
10 cOng sulit nh6 dung sliy, nung, cUa MI, Phdp, Y, Dai
Loan v.v ... MOt s6 Ib do Nam thiet kl'!, cM' dl,!a theo ti@u chutn XO. N6i
chung cac lo(\i 10 co kl'!t cllu tllong tl,! nhau vCJi dAi cOng sullt tu vw kW den hang
trAm kW va dAi dO dlldi 2000C.
80
.... ,(h/
.....,JJIJ/J
moh 6-11. La tu6ng.
Lo bu6ng la. 10 nAng nh1h
(hl.nh 6-11). La g6m bu6ng nung hinh hOp chu
vdi kich thu(fc tuy cOng su1lt 10. Bu6ng
", nung dl1l;1C 16t each vA thanh ao 10
4. Ao la, xa.y bang gl;lCh chiu lua co lop.
Lllp ngoro cung bAng samOt hay be>t samOt
cO de> cach cao. BQc ngoai lil vo tOn 3
day 5 + 10 mm. Day 10 hAng tMp chiu
duc hoi;l.c ghep tu nhung mi!ng nho
hoi;l.c day 1(') xAy bAng chiu lua. ThAnh
trong cua bu6ng 10 c6 day d6t 5. Da.y ddt
co b6 tri ca phia day vA dtnh. Ctta 10 tuy
va. cOng suEll 10, cO ma bl\ng tay (kieu
don bay hay co d6i trQng) hoi;l.c bhg cd c1lu Cd
khi 1 dng bAng dng cd di$n. Cua la,
co tM co 16 tham quan sat phia trong 10.
N goru ra, 10 con e6 dciu ra da.y ddt 2, etta
khi 6 dA.n khi hao vAo 10 (do kMng khi
thAm voo bu6ng 10 qua dta la, gay
tl1l;1ng oxy hoa, thoat eacbon eua v{lt gia
dau do a dlnh 10 hay Mn
hOng v.v ...
Hl.nh 6-12, hlnh 6-13 va. hlnh 6-14 lA
diu cua cae 10 dit;ln tra.
Hloh 6-11. La
1 - Co c411 ndp quay; 2 - Ndp quay,.
3-Vd/o;
5 - Cdc 14m dM huang (khl),. 6 - Gid /lJ (ct1 M);
7-Tt1mddy(/o); 8-Dtryd6r;
9-D&tJdlmtTukh{,. lO-C!1ukhl;
11 -Dau do
81
'.
Hinh 6-13. 1.6 chl,lp.
J - Khung ch!/p;

5--('i - D{ty ddt a chl,lp
8 - Mup /lJ (muffler);
10 -Nhi?r kl (Mift d{mg).
2 - Lop 161. ch!/p;
4 - Lap /& bf;
7 - Dbj at trin be;
9 - Clla kh!.
2
_1
Hioh 6-14. L6 JThJ6i.
1 - IJ(ju day clip di/,n;
3-DifnqlC;
5 -LOp lOt.-
7 - HOO kl (do rz/#1 d(jcao);
8 - VO ben ngotli
2 - ChI'P 10;
4 - V&:h nglin;
6- Vo:lbbl trong;
b6 tri day d6t trong lb tra cd thea mot s6 each nhu a hlnh 6-15.
82
'.
C)


d)
A-A
W
\
Blnh 6-15. Ck dch b6 ui day d6t trong 16 dien tn'!.
a - Dby xodn ITem d(l/ trong ,ann sfht a lop /61.. b - Day d(JI Irong ranh u day va lhilrzh 10 ;
c - PhtJn b6 dlly ddt df:t d day I'll Ihdnh 10 ; d - PMn b6 dliy ddt 11ft a a{nh va day /0 ;
d - Dl1y ddt gill Irtn khWlg ; e - Dl1y ddt dlle .. f - Day ddt M 16m mong nicr6m /ronK 10 gilng.
83
Chuang 7
, "
LO HO QUANG
7.1. KHAI NIEM CHUNG vA PHAN
Lb M quang (HQJ 18. 10 lQi d\1ng cua ng9D hi:a HQ giG'a cae c1,lc gii1a
C1,lC va kim IOl,li M m'lu chAy kim La HQ dung de nau thep hQp kim
chilt 1119ng eaa,
Theo dong din sri d/!-ng, 1b HQ dl1Qc chia thanh
- La HQ mt chieu ;
- Lb HQ xoay
Thea each chay eua ng';Jn lila HQ, Ib HQ chia ra :
'. - Lb Dung nong gian : cua DgQD loa xay ra
giU'a 2 c1,lc (graphit, than) dllQC dung nau chay kim
IOIiLi. (hinh 7-1a).
- Lb nung nong tr1,lc : cua ngt;m llra HQ xay
ra giiia c1,lc va kim IOliLi dung ntlu eMy kim IOf,Li
(hlnh 7-1b).
Thea d4c dUm ch6t vao Ib, Ib HQ dl1Qc phan thimh :
- Lb chilt d.n, kim v\m) Mn" subn bAng
phuong philp thu cong hay may moe (may chtlt Mu, may
trl,lc co illling) qua cl1a lb.
0)
b)
- Lb chat dinh 10 xu6ng nha gAu chAt
10 nay co cd cAu nang vom noc.
ve kit c6u, mOt 10 HQ bat kl cd cac b chinh :
mob 7-1. L6 HQ nung n6ng
giim tiep (a) vA tn,Jc til':p (b).
1. N6i 10 cd vo cach vA cO cua 16 va rot.
2. Vom noc 16 co vo cAch
3. Cd cAu giu vA chuyen c1,1'c, dOng hay thuy h,lC.
4. Cd diu 10, dOng hay thuy h,tc.
,
5. Phan dAn tlr biEfn ap Ib Uii lb.
Ngaai ra, d6i vai 10 HQ nl;,lp ttt cao, cOn cd CCI clu nAng, quay vom 10, Cd
diu rot kim lol;,li cllng nh11 gtiu nl;,lp
Trang cac 10 HQ cd n6i 10 sllu, kim lea! long a trl;,lng thai tlnh co chenh
dO thea dO cae (khaAng lOOoC/m). Trong do, de' tAng cU'ang phan tlng cua
kim (vai xl) va d{i' dam bao kha nAng nung ndng kim tr110c khi rot, clln phai
khuAy trn kim IOl;,li long. 0 cac 10 dung ItlQng nhd 6T) thl khuay trOn thvc
84
1111111
o
'.
tay qua CO diu co khi. Veii 10 dung It.iQng trung blnh (12 ..... 50T) vA
Ion (lOOT va han) thi bAng thiln bi khuliy tr/,'ln khOng nhung giAm lao
dOng vlit va cua thQ nliu rna con nAng cao dUQC chlit lu<;mg cua kim na:u.
Thiel bi khuliy trQn kim long thubng hi til: cd U lam
tuong t1,1 d/,'lng Cd khOng d6ng b/,'l rotor ngAn Til: truang ra a 10 co day
phi kim nhb hai cUQn dAy (stator) dong xoay 'ta:n s6 0,5 ..... 1,0Hz pha
nhau 90. Do til: trubng nAy rnA kim lol.li cd h;(c ttt dqc tr\lc 10. Khi dOi n6i dong
trong' cae cu/,'ln dAy, cd thay d6i hueing dQng cua kim trong n6i ,theo
huang nguQc
Cae thcmg s6 quan trQng cua 10 HQ lA :
- Dung lUQng mt1c cua 10 : s6 tAn kim lolP. long trong mQt me nAu.
- COng sufft d;nh mt1c cua biE!n ap 10 : anh hud:ng quyl1t dinh toi thai gian nliu
nghla 18. toi na.ng su:t 10.
J
,
1
"Ill
If
Theo muc d
cOng su:t tac
d\lng cua ap
trong giai
nAu chay d6i vai
1 T kim long,
10 HQ can chia
ra : 10 cd cong
sw1t binh thubng,
coo vA cao.
CuOi ciLng,
du truc, 10 HQ
cOng sulit cao va
cao can co
M Him mat bAng
Hlob 7-3 L6 HQ dung IliOng l<'in lOOT. nuCic qua vo 10.
Hlnb 7-2
glUp chung ta hlnh dung cliu vl kich thuCic 10 HQ nliu tMp ,IlC-5MII
(,IlC-6Hl) clla Xo (cu) vCii dung lUc;lng 5T (6T). Trong do: 1 - VO 10 ; 2 - Vom
10 ; 3 - Cua 10 ; 4 - Mi$ng rot ; 5 - Gia nghiAng 10 ; 6 - Cd Cu 10 ; 7 - Cd
cttu v(\n 10 ; 8 - Cd Cu nAng vom ; 9 - c\1c ; 10 - Gia gil1 q!c ; 11
-:- Cd Cu djch c1jl:c ; 12 - D4u n6i di$n Hlnh 7-3 IA 10 HQ dung luQng
16:n, trong do : 1 ..:. VO 10 ; 2 - gill c1jl:c ; 3 - VAnh vom ; 4 - Vom cO vo lot
cach nhi$t ; 5 - Gia dn trvc ; 6 - Git\ nghiAng 10 ; 7, 8 - BQ dQng
10 ; 9 - Cd cliu nAng vO'm ; 10, 11 Cd cliu dich c1jl:c ; 12 - rot.
Chu trtnh Uz.m cua 10 HQ g6m 3 glai vCii cAc d$C digm cOng ngM sau :
1. Giai dOl(ln nung nong nffu kim Trong giai My, }o clin cOng
sua:t Ibn nMt, dien nAng th\l khoAng 60 + 80% nAng toAn me
nttu thbi gian cua no 50 + 60% toAn b(! thbi gian mQt chu trinh.
r dam bao cOng suttt nttu chay, h1a HQ dn phAi chay dn djnh. Khi cht\y,
c\1c bt An mon khoang each giua di$n va kim tAng duy tn HQ,
c\1c phai chinh g:n vao kim Luc do, xay ra tUQng bi
kim - gqi 1il qua chinh - vA gAy ra ngan N
86
'.
Him tuy xay ra trong thbi gian ngdn nhung hay xay ra cae thil1t
trong mf,lch dt)ng l1,1c thu'bng phBi la.m a ni;lng DAy 18.
nOi can hill y khi dnh toan va ch9D thil1t cho Ib HQ.
Ngan mf,lch Him cllng co the gAy ra do S\l-t la cae thanh cua h6 baa quanh
di/)!n c1,1c ra a tr9ng Rlli 81,1 nong chay cua cae mau ciing co phi huy
ngQll lua HQ do tang dai ngQn lua. Lllc do phAi tii!.n hAnh m6i hAng each hf,l
c1,1c xu6ng cho kim IO/ili r6i nAng len, tf,lO HQ.
Trang giai nay, 86 Hin ngAn lam co the t6i 100 hdn. MlH Ian
xay ra ngaD rnf,lch lam cfmg 8U.:t huu 3ch giam va cd khi bhng 0 vcri tOn
haa cl,I'c df,li. Thai gian cho phep cua 16n m:;tch lam III 2 ..;- 3s,
Tom giai dOf,iD na:y cMy la giai dO{lD HQ cMy kern On nhllt, eOng 8ullt
eua HQ dao vll ngc;m lua HQ nit ngAn, thllong tu vai mm den 10 + 15mm.
Do vJ:iy, trang giai do:;.tn nay, ap cllp va cOng suiIt ra eua bien ap lola Ion nhtlt.
2. Giai Oxy h6a va hoan Dtly la giai doan khu C cUa kim den m(>t
giBi h:;.tn nhllt dtnh tuy thea y@u ca:u cOng khu P vll 8, khu khl trong gang r6i
tinh 81,1 chay hoan toan cae han gdy
s6i m:;.tnh kim d giai nay, cOng
suat cau ve cd ban la bit 4li f 1;If IV)
cac t6'n haa va no bllilg khaang 60% JIJ
e6ng Buat cua giai do:;.tn 1. rt6 quang
eling can duy tri On
Tnll1c khi thep ra 10 phru qua giai 10
nguy@n Iii giai do:;.tn khu oxy, khu
sunfua va hqp kim hoa kim Cong
8ullt y@u cau hie nay chi ca 300/v so vlli
giai do:;.tn 1. Chi! dQ nang l11qng tU:dng d6i III
6n dinh va dai ng9n lua HQ khoang
vai eh1:lc milimet.
1------
l'


Hinh 7-4. DO thi COng hiiu COng
tib! thl,l 0 It'. HQ lOOT.
7.2. sa DO OleN (THIET B! CHiNH Mj),CH WC) L() HQ
cllp cho lOla HQ Uly tu trQ.m lip 10. lip vila la 6, 10, 35 hay 110 kV
la thy thea cOng sullt 10 (hlnh 7-5)
8d d6 co clic thi@'t bi chlnh sau : Cliu dao eAch li CL dung phAn eAch m!;lch dQng
11,1C Clla 10 vlli l11l1i khi cltn thiet, chAng }(ic sua chOa. Mliy cAt 1MC dung baa
10 HQ kh6i 81,1" cd. N6 dllc;:1C chlnh dinh M khOng tlic dQng khi ngAn
lam Ma.y cAt 1MC cling dung dong vA cAt l1,1C dubi taL Cul)n khang K
dung hQ.n che dong khi ngdn m!jlch lam vll On dinh 81,1 chliy cua HQ. Khi bat
dau nllu hay 1ay ra ngAn 111m Llic ngdn m!;lch Him may cdt 2MC
rna ra cul)n khang K thsm gia vao hfJ.n chi! dOng ngAn m:;.tch. Khi chay
het, Ib cAn cOng suA:t Il1n de nllu 2MC dong l:;.ti ngAn IJU:lCh cu{)n kMng
87
\
1'#C
cd
cd JAfC
J"{-IOiY

lAIC "' TU
1\ 1


{TI
q
+-0-


'--
Vd
'flIdlV
K. 0 giai hOM cOng sw1t 16
ca:u it han thi 2MC mll ra dua
cu6n kM_ng K vi'!.o rru;tch, lam gilun cOng sdt
clip rho lb. Vai nhUng 10 HQ cOng stu'lt Ion
hern thl khOng cd khAng K.
dn cij.nh HQ va hl;\n che dang ng!n
Ii'!.m do cAc phlin ttl cam khang clla SCI
d6 10 dAm
Bien ap Ib BAL dung ap vi'!. dillu
chinh ap. d6i n6i cuQn sa c<'l:p
thAnh hinh Il hay hlnh A th1,1C nha
cac may cAt 3MC, 4MC. CUQn thu- cAp cua
BAL n6i vai cac c1,1c cua 10 qua mQt
mf;lch ngAn "MN" khOng phAn nhanh,
kh6ng cd m6i hAn.
Phia sa clp BAL cd rale dong
c1,1c tAe dQng Mn cu()n ngAt may
d.t IMC. Ro Ie ni'!.y co duy trl thai gian.
Thbi gian duy trl nAy giam khi bQi s6 q wi
tai dong tAng. Nhb IMC ngltt mf,lch
11,1c clla Ib HQ chi khi co ngAn s1,1

'. c6 vi'!. khi ngAn mf;lch him keo di'l.i mi'!.
11
'I,'
BAL
tn'Ale
I
If'
J
ZTX
m

-r
"
MN
Y
C
-
f-n

khOng xu II dU<;1C. Val ngAn ml;lch lam
trong mQt thai gian tuong d6i IMC
khOng cAt mA chi cd tin hi/!!U den
vA chu6ng. Phia SCI cap BAL can co cac
d\lng Cl,l do h!t'mg, tra nhu : yonke,
ampe ke, cOng ta pha ke v.v ... Phla
thu cap cung co cac may bien dong 2T1
n6i vai cae ampe ke do dOng h6 ql!-ang,
cuQn dong cua b chtnh t1,1 dQng
vA role dong c1,1c 'd:;ti. Dong tac d()ng
vA thbi gian duy trl cUa role dong dUQc ch9n
sao cho khi cd nga.n thbi gian ng:in, b9
dilfu chinh-lAm giAm dong cUa 10 chi sau
thOi gian duy trl Clla role. khi CI,l
tra vA baa khl1c (trong kh6i
DKBV) cG.ng dUI;lC n6i vai mAy bien ap
TU vA me m6.y bien dong 1 TI, 2TL
May bUn 6.p lo BAL
May BAL dung cho 10 HQ phai _lam
Hlnh 7-5. SCI trong cAc nll
10 M quang dung hJQng dIJoi 2OT. cd cAc sau :
-_COng suAt thubng rAt lan (cd toi
hang chl,lc MW) vA dOng th(i clip rAt Ion (tlli hAng trAm kA),
- tip ngAn ml;\ch Ian hf;l che dong duai (2,5 + 4) I
dm
,
- Cd dQ Mn Cd hQC caa dul;lc cAc 11,1c to phAt sinh trong cac cuQn dA.y,
thanh khi cd ngAn mf;lch.
- C6 kha nllng dillu chinh ap sO ca:p duai tAi trong mt gioi hl;\n rng,
- Pha.i lam mat t6t vi dong lon, hay cd ngAn' ml;\ch vi'!. vi bien ap 0 noi kin
gan 10.
88
COng sutit BAL co th@' xac dinh gan dung tu trong giai dOE.ln nau
cha.y vi a cac giai dOE.ln kMc, 10 doi hOi cong sullt W!u thl,l it hdn.
coi d.ng, trong giai dOE.ln ntiu chay, t6n thllt nang luqng trong 10 HQ, trong
BAL va cun khang L duQ'c bu tru hOi na.ng luqng cua pha.n ling tea thi cOng
sullt BAL cd th(! xac bai bi@'u thuc
w
S - [kVAj'
BAL tnckooCOSif '
(7-1)
Trang do tnc - thbi gian nau chay (tru luc dung 10) (h)
ksd - s6 so dl,lng cOng suAt BAL trong giai dOE.ln nau chay ;
coS' - s6 cOng smit clla 10 HQ ;
W - na.ng lugng huu Ich va t6n hao trong thai gian nAu cha.y va
dung 10 giua hai me ntiu (kW-h).
W w.G (7-2)
Trong do : G - kh6i luqng kim IOE.li ntiu, (T)
w - sutit chi phi nang d(! nAu cha.y, (kWhIT).
Sutit chi phi nang giam d6i v6i 10 co dung lLi<;lng Ion.
Thuang W = (400 + 600), kW hiT.
Thbi gian ntiu chAy dugc Hnh tll hic cho 10 lam sau khi chat khi
'. thuc nAu chay. Thuang thl. thbi gian nay tir(l + 3h)tuy dung lUQng 10.
s6 stl dl,lng c5ng suat BAL thu,ong III 0,8 + 0,9, gAy ra do Sll d\1ng khOng dAy
du c6ng Buat BAL, do dng cae thOng s6 cua 10, do M tl,1 dng chinh khOng
holln hAa, do khOng d6i xung giua 3 pha v.v ...
nay, cOng suat BAL ngay clng co xu huang bIng vi n6 cho phep giAm thai
gian ntiu chay, giAm sUAt chi phi na.ng lUQng do hE.l t6n hao
CuQn thu cap BAL thuong n6i 11 vi dbng ng6n dUQc phlln ra 2 pha va nhu
lam cua cAc cuQn dAy hdn. May BAL thu(:ffig phAi lrun
trong dnh trE.lng ng6n mE.lch vA phtli cd k,hA nllng qua tlli thuOng eM tE.lO to,
hon cAc may lip dong hIe cung cOng Buat. .
Bang 7-1 cho mOt s6 thOng s6 kI chinh Clla Ap Ib HQ Ib ,nCII do
LX (cii)
Bang 7-1


-

-
ThOng s6
0:.
"
" "
;:;!
0:
;:;!
0:

"
"' "'
"'

ill
a a
a
0 :'l
"
l'1
a
Sl
0
a
-

-
"
, ,
, , ,
, , , , ,
r:: r::
r:: r::
8
r::
8
r:: r:: r::
0 0
0 0

0
'" '"
'" '" '"
'" '"
,
- Dung dinh mUc CD
O,S I,S 3 6
12.
25 SO 100

200
- COng 6UAt BAL (MW) 0,63 1,25 2,0 4,0_ 8,0 12,5'
20
3'
80 60
- Gi6i h,!)n cUa l\p 216- 225 - 243- 281- 380- 390- 420- 476- 761- 695-
thtl dip (V) 106 no 124 130 120 130 ISS 161 259 193
- men ap sci dip (kV) 6(10) 6(10} 6(10) 6(10) 6(10) 10(35) 35 35 35 no
- s6 dip Ap 8 8 8 8 12 23 22 22 23 23
- Sullt chi phi nling de
n1J chi:i.y (kW- h- R/r) 560 535 Sl5 480 445 435 425 420 420 400
- DLldng kinh cvc
graphit (rom)
ISO 200 200 300 350 400 SOO 555 610 610
89
'.
Mr;z.ch ngl1n (MN)
Ml;\ch nga.n hay dAy dong thtl clIp co dong lAm riit lon, tbi hang ch1,1c
vA ngay cA hang trdm nghln Ampe. T6n hao cOng sut(t a ml;\ch ngan
6.P ron = r rrm
dl;\t wi 70% toAn bti t6n hao trong toan bti bi 10 HQ. Do yeu cau cd bAn cua
nga.n lil phAi nga.n nht trong cO (bien ap 10 phAi di\it rt gAll 10)
giAm Mt tdn hao , d6ng thbi ghep tu cac Mm d6ng la thanh cac thanh mllm
cd u6n deo len xu6ng thea cae e1,1'e. NgoM ra, ml;\ch nga.n con phAi dam.
hao 81,1' cAn bang rrrm vA xrrm giua cae pha co cae thOng s6 sut(t, ap,
dong) nhl1 nhau eua cac HQ. Khi 3 pha ngAn phAn b6 d6i xung thi ho cam gii1a
2 pha b:t kl 8e nhau va. s.d.d M cAm O. Truong hQp neu khoAng cach giua
cae pha khOng nhu nhau, h6 cAm giua cae pha se khtk nhau. Trong mtit pha nao do
se xut 8.d.d ph1,1 nguQc dong trong pba do vA ra mOt S1,1t ap phl,l
wlC;- r
JII
j)
-

"
I II
"'))

"\
a
---
o
--
--,
c
Blnh 7-6. So dO IT\.\Ich to dien HQ.
90
tra thuan pha do. Ket quA
IA pha nAy nhl1 the ta.ng tro
tae d1,1ng, gAy ra mtit tOn hao cOng
sut ph\l vA cOng sulIt HQ cua pha
nay at"! giAm so vOi pha khac. D6ng
thbi, d mtit pha khae, s.d.d. ph\l
eung vbi dong eUa pha,
trd tae d\lng nhl1 bi giam va.
dIng aut HQ pha nAy tang Illn.
trlln gAy ra s1,1 mt d6i Kung
ve ap giua cAc HQ, s1,1 phAn b6
eOng 8U:t kh{)ng d6ng giua cae
pha, giAm 8ut 10 va vbi 10 eong
sut(t cAng Ibn thl s1,1 mt d6i xung
to d ngAn se cAng IOn.
Ch6ng tl1Qng trlln bang each
phdn b6 d6i xdng vl! hlnh hl?c
vA to cua ngiin
vA cac c1,1c a 3 dlnh mt
tam gitic Ybi 10 dung IUQng dttai
lOT thl thubng dUQc n6i
theo ad d6 6. (hlnh 7-6a). Thieu sot
cua c8.ch nAy IA 61,1 khOng d6i xdng
cua cAc dAy dAn chuyen dong toi ctic
c1,1c khOng dUQc biJ. tril'. Viii cae
10 dung lUQng lon, nga.n thuang
dttQc n6i 6. a c8.c C1,1c (hlnh. 7-6b).
'.
Hai m6i clin giu c\1c c6 2 dAy dAn dong pha cach nhau. 0 sO d6 nAy""
thl 2 pha c6 cac dAy din dong tit dliu dliu vA da:u cu6i tl:li 2 sat nhau,
1'a M 2 dAy, can pha thd 3 din dbng tOi 2 cfin giu ngoru cung se kh6ng cO dnh chilt
cua hi;! 2 dAy. Tinh khOng d6i xung cua ngAn de. giam nhung chua hoAn
toAno Sa d6 a hlnh 7-6c th\1c dAn dong hi;! 2 dAy cho co. 3 pha nhb tMm clin phl,l,
mang dAy dliu cu6i pha 3 tl:li c\1c 1 vong qua c\1c 3. Clin db ph vll ciln do
c\1c 1 dUQc <itch d6ng bQ vai nhau qua li@:n cO hQc. So d6 nay giam
tinh kh6ng d6i xl1ng cua ngAn xu6ng mdc t6t thil!u.
7.3. YEU CAU VCJI cAc sa DO DIEU cHiNH OlEN CI,J"C LO HQ
Cac 10 HQ nilu kim cO cae bO chlnh t\1 dOng djch C\1C
vI n6 cho pbep giam thbi gian nilu nAng cao na.ng suilt la, giam suft chi phi
nAng IU:Qng, giam thfim cae bon cho kim nAng cao chfit lUQng thep, gi am dao dQng
cOng suilt khi nfiu chay, cm lao dt;'lng v.v ...
Chilt lU:Qng tMp nilu ph\! thuc vao cOng sua:t cilp vA s\1 phAn b6 nhil;:t hay
dO t1'ong n6i lb.
chlnh ca.ng Built 10 HQ cO th\1c each thay d6i dil;:n ap 1'a cua
BAL bAng 8\1 djch dil;:n c\lc thay d6i chi@'u dai ngQn hla HQ vA nhu
sll thay d6i dUQc ap HQ, dong HQ vA c6ng suilt Mc dl,1ng cua HQ.
tAc, duy t1'l cOng suilt 10 HQ co tM thOng qua duy tri mt trong
cac thOng s6 sau : dong h6 quang I
hq
, dil;:n ap h6 quang Uhq' ti s6 giiia dil;:n Ap
U
hq
va. dong h6 quang, tdc III t6ng t1'a Zhq = -1-'
hq
BO chlnh duy trl. dong HQ khOng d6i (Ihq = const) sEi khOng m6i t\1 dng
dUQc. NgoAi 1'a, khi dong trong mQt pha DAo d6 thay d6i se keo theo dong dil;:n
t1'ong 2 pha can thay ddi. Vi dl,l, khi HQ tl'Ong mOt pha bi Cldt thl 10 HQ lAm
nhu: ph1,l t9..i mQt pha vl:li 2 pha can n6i vao ap dAy. Luc d6 cac bQ
chlnh 2 pha can sa hanh dil;:n c\1c do khOng clin do. Cac h<>
chlnh nAy chi dung cho 10 HQ mQt pha vA cM. dung t1'ong 10 HQ chAn khOng.
BO cblnh duy trl. ap HQ kh6ng d6i ,(Uhq = const) cO kh6 khan trong
do thOng s6 nay. Th\1c cun da.y do dUQc n6i glua thAn kim cua 1" vA thanh
cal thd cilp BAL. Do ap do ph1.,1 thuc dong tai vA s\1 thay d6i dong cua
mOt pha se anh huang tai 2 pha can nhu: de. trlnh bAy d6i vai bt;'l chlnh giu
I
hq
= const.
Phdong phap t6t nhtlt 10. dung tx;. dil1u chinh duy t1'l
a6 c8.c tin dong vA ap :
U
hq
= Zhq = const, th6ng qua
I
hq
91
(7-3)
trong d6 : a, b - 86 ph1,1 thuc 86 cae bign ap do luang (bign dong,
ap) va tra chlnh tr!n (thay dt'Si bAng tay khi chinh
ZOhq> Zhq - gia tIi vii gia tri thljC ella ulng tra HQ.
Tti (7-3) suy ra :
aIhq - bU
hq
bI = Zohq - Zhq = LlZ
hq
hq
(7-4)
Nh1.1 chinh thv:c thea d eua tlSng tra HQ so vbi gia
chtnh vi sai). Phuong phap nay m6i HQ, duy tri dU:yc cOng 8Utlt, it anh
huang eua dao dng ap ngu6n ciing nhu: anh huang hin nhau gifta cae pha.
M6i giai lam eua Ib HQ (ntiu chay, oxy h6a, holm nguy!n) dbi hoi mQt
cOng suAt nhtit dinh, rna cOng Bullt nAy ph1,l thuc dai ngqn lua HQ. Nhu
dieu chtnh dtch q1c tllc lit chinh chieu dai ng<;m ltra HQ do do dieu
chinh d1.1Qc cl'mg. suAt 10 HQ. Do lA v1,1 cd ban eua cae bl) ehinh t1,1 dl)ng
cae 10 HQ.
Cae diu ehinh de ra eho mt)t bl) dMu ehinh eOng sullt 10 HQ :
1. Du nh!;ly darn bAo ehe d Him vi(!e da eho eua lb. Duy tn dong h6 quang
kh6ng t\1t qua (4 + 5)% trj s6 dong lam Vimg khOng nhl;ly eua bl) dMu ehinh
kh<"!ng. qua (3 + 6)% trong giai dO!;ln ntlu eha.y vA (2 + 4)% trong cAe giai dqan
khae.
2. Tae dQng nhanh, dam Mo khti ngAn ml;leh hay dllt HQ trong thbi gian 1,5 + 3,Os.
DMu d6 se giam 96 Iltn ngdt may cAt ehinh, giam s1,1 thl'lm C ella kim 10l;li v.v ..
Cae 10 HQ khOng eho phep ngAt may cAt chinh qua 2 Hin trong giai dO!;ln n/'lu
ehAy. DAm bAo nay nhb t6c dl) dieh e1,1e nhanh, tOi 2,5 + 3m/ph trong giai
dC)!;ln nAu ehAy (khi dung truyen dQng co) va 5 + 6m/ph (khi truyen dl)ng thuy
h;cc). Dong HQ cAng xa trj 86 thl t6c dl) dieh el,1e eang phai nhanh.
3. Thbi gian chlnh ngdn.
4. ehB tdi s1,1 dieh e1,1e khOng e/tn nhu khi ehB d lAm bj pha
va. trong thbi gian ra:t ngdn (vAi phltn gia.y) hay trong ehB d thay d6i tinh .d6i xung.
eau nAy clng e.an d6i wi 10 3 pha khOng cO dAy trung tInh. ChB d HQ eua ml)t
pha. nAo d6 hi phA huy dAn theo pM huy che d HQ eua cae pha cOn e1,1e
cae pha can l!;ii dang a vi trI ehudn ciing cO tht1' bi dieh Do m6i pha din
c6 dieu ehinh dt1' s1,1 lAm cua no khOng Anh huang t{Ji ehB dl) lam
cua cae pha khac.
5. Thay dfS'i eOng sullt Ii) bi\ng phAng trong gi{Ji hl;l.n 20 + 125% tn s6 dinh mue v{Ji
sai s6 khOng qua 5%.
6. C6 dfS'i nhanh tu cht! dO dMu khi@'n tt;i dl)ng sang ebe dQ dieu khi@'n
bi\ng tay do phM th1,1e thao me ph\l d6 (chAng hl;l.n, nAng c1,1e truce khi
chAt VaG Ii)) ngt1gc Il;l.i, nhanh ehB d dMu khiA'n tt;i dng.
92
7. Tt,l dOng chAm hIa HQ khi Mt dttu Him vi(!c va sau khi HQ bi dl1t. Khi ngan
m!;lch thi vi(!c nAng di(!n Cvc ll!n khE'lng lam dl1t HQ.
8. Dung m9i cljc khi mat lucri.
Cd cau chap hanh (Cd diu dtch Cl}c) 00 tM dl)ng bang dien - cd hay thuy
Iuc. Trang Cd cAu di(!n - Cd, dng cd dU<;1c dung phd la dOng Cd mt kich ttl
dOc vi no co mOmen khOi dl)ng Usn, giru chinh rng, bang phllng, chinh
va co rna may, dao chieu, hAm. DOi khi cung dung dOng Cd kMng d6ng b co
mOmen quan tInh cla rotor nho.
7.4. MOT SO SO DO KHONG CHE D!CH cue U) HQ
1. So db ehlfe nang mot phs kh6ng ehe dieh elje 10 HQ
MOt diflu chlnh cfing suat tv dOng 1b HQ cO Sd d6 chuc nAng ddn gian nhu
hlnh 7-7
H(! gelm d6i tUQng dieu chtnh 6 00 HQ) va bl) dieu chtnh vi saL B chlnh gelm
cac ph:n tu cam bien dong 1 vii ap l',
phlin tu so sanh 3, bl) dl.li 4, cd cau
'. chap hanh 5 vii thiet hj 2. Tron phan
tu so slinh co 2 tin hi(!u tU d6i tUQng diflu
chlnh tdi (tudng ung tl. It;'! v{li dong va. ap
HQ) va mOt tin hi(!u tit thit bi t{lL
Tin hi(!u sai tit ttl so sanh dU<;Ic
khuch dl.li qua b khuech 4 roi tdi cd
diu chap hanh 5 de c1,lc theo huang
giam sai l(!ch. hoan thit'i!n djfc Hnh dng
cua nAng cao cMt lU<;Ing diflu chlnh,
thubng sa d6 can cO cac phan h6i vfl too
d djch cve, t6c d thay ddi dong, ap
HQ v.v ... Trong sd d6 ctlng cd th! cO cae
phan til chudng trlnh hoa, may tlnh v. v ...
diflu cblnh cO dung khul1ch
may di(!n, tU:, thyristor, thuy
11,lc, Iy hQp tU: ...
3
Hlob 7-7. Sa d6.chuc nang
hi) diAl chinh c()ng !UID. 10 HQ.
2. So db 1 pba kb6ng chi! djcb Cllc \11 HQ dung be MDKD-D
Hinh 7-8 bi@'u thi Sd d6 dkh c .... c cho 1 pha 10 HQ. M6i pha cO mt bl) di@ju chlnh
nhu v,,"y.
May di(!n khuech dl.li MDKD dlp cho dng 00 D djch c\1c vA cd 3 cu{ic kich tu :
- cun chinh CDCl M kh6ng ch t .... dOng
- cul)n CDC2 d@' kh6ng cM bang tay
- cun phan h6i 11m lip CF A. CuOn nay co s. t.d ng1iQc chiflu vai cuOn
93
'.
rr-r-, ,-" fCL
+ -* -
f
U
n " ,
,
,
( .'
,
"
,
lCD
,
\
'"
,
'.
-*
-
,
- "
J81i I ph. ;nMf ,"
rilfn 10;'0 f"6!7f
I. jK
iiI
'"
,
eNf
,fA KTII
'I CHi
N 'c
" If 11 If
J f{
+ -
f.' 1M/nu t+'
_ J."" J
TAt!i$T' f.' J T ,-
-- 7.8
'1.10/ H.II
ff_1l .
Hloh 7-8. So d6 1 pha kh6ng djch !;1,Ic 16 HQ.
o eM dO W
d(lng TD, cae
tiep diA'm 5-6 vA
7-8 kln. Mo ICD
va dong 2eD.
ap ra
cblnh h.1u leL tl
voi dong
HQ va rai tren
5R.
ap ra tren chlnh
luu 2CL ti veti
ap HQ vA
r(Ji tri1
4R. Cun ddy
chlnh CDC!
cua MDKD nISi
vAo sIS
, ap !fiy mt
ph:n cua 5R vA
4R, nghla III th1,1'c
quy
chlnh nhl1
(7-3) Khi chua
co HQ, dbng
bhng '0 vA
ap laD nh/lt. s.t.d
cuc)n CDCl c6
chMu MDKD
phat ap cho
dng cd D hi}.
cl,t'c xu6ng
Llic nAy
role dong RD
chua tac dng .3R tham gia vAo CDCl vA s.t.d ella CDC! nho. M;).t khac,
nh1.1 so d6 khi cl,tc dng Cd d1.1c;Jc clIp vbi c1,fc tInh (+) nm diot 3CL
n6i tAt 7R lam ta.ng dbng CUD phan h6i dm ap CFA, che Mt s.t.d cua CDC! (00
50%). Do v(ly cl,t'c hI;!. xu6ng
Khi c\l'c kim IOl;l.i, dbng ICJn nhllt vA ap bAng 0 (ngtin ml;lch lAm
Rale dong RD tac dOng, n6i tAt 3R trong cun CDCl. S.t.d cun nAy d6i
vA c6 gia tri Ibn, MDKD phlit ap cllp cho dng co D Mo cl,fc Um nhanh (cl,fc
dnh (-) lip cllp a trl!n). M!).t khac, hk nAy diot 4CL thOng ml;lch role ap RA v{Ji
ap l{Jn cua MDKD role thbi gian Rlh milt Sau thbi gian duy tn,
thuong rna rna Rlh s(j dl1a tra 9R vAo ml;1Ch k[ch tl1 KTD Clla dOng co
D giAm tu thOng vA t6c d dOng cd nling cl,fc ta.ng ll!n. Cling hic nay, do c1,1'c dnh
di(ln lip (-) a 3CL khOng thOng ml;lch vA tro 7R tham gia vAo ml;lch cun
phAn h6i CFA, lAm giAm dllng qua CFA, sl,f h.I;ln cM' s.t.d cuQn CDC! giAm Mt (clln
hl;ln cO' 30%). Do v$.y ap phat ra Clla MDKD cling tang
94
clic rai kh6i kim IO(li thl. HQ dugc m6i. Trong qua trlnh di(!n cl,tc di len, dong
I
hq
giam va ap U
h
'tAng. di(!n ap la:y trlln 4R, 5R giam dAn S.t. d cun CDCl
giam, lip MDIh) phat ra giam va dOng cd' nAng cl,tc dan. Khi ap
phat ra cua MDKD duoi ngu:ang nha cUa rd'le ap RA thl trQ 9R dugc tach khOi
kfch ttl D, t6c dO dng co dmg Khi cAn bang, ap ti voi dong HQ,
rdi tren 5R vA ap d voi lip HQ, rai trl!n 4R thl. B. t. d cua CDCl bang 0, din
ap MDKD bAng 0, dng Cd D dung quay va HQ chay dn djnh.
mat dn djnh, so ap se co va cun CDCl se cd s.t.d lAm MDKD phat
di(!n ap d9ng Cd D de dich cl,lc. ChiElu va t6c dO djch cl,tc phl,L thuQc va d
Ion s.t.d. cun CDCl. Nu dong I
hq
tang (chieu dAi cung IUa giam) thl. D nAng di(!n
cl,tc ll!n. Nu dong I
hq
giam thi ngu:gc
Khi dut HQ (lhq = 0), qua trinh bin nhu luc m6i HQ.
o chg d kh6ng che Mng tay, cAu dao lCD dugc dong va 2CD duqc rna. Tay a
vi tri nang N hay H tuy yl!u cl1u nAng hay di(!n cl,tc. Tac d\,mg CUQn CDC2 hie
nay giong cun CDC 1 a ch d t,=, dng.
3. So dO dieu chinh djch q1c 10 HQ bAng thyristor
BO dieu chlnh c6ng BU!'lt 10 HQ bang thyristor lA co trin vQng nha:t. No thOa miln
clic yeu cAu de ra va chi thua kem M thuy Il,lC Bl,l tac dOng nhanh.
;:5"1, .MOll
I A

TItA
'"
*
"
T
"
NKT
r--- - -----,
I - (+)
,
'---+I "
L _________
lfinh 7-9. Sd d6 cau true 1 pha bO ehlnh djeh el,le 10 HQ dung thyristor.
95
BQ chinh thyristor c6 lam voi 10 dung 200T. DQng cd dich qlc
c6 cOng suat llkW. T6c dQ d,eh e1,le Ion nhAt( 4,5 + 5)m!phkhi dung thanh rA.ng va
1,5 m/ph khu dung tbi.
So dd diu true 1 pha nhu hlnh 7-9. TIn tl voi dong I
hq
va ap U
hq
eua mt
pha ti:t cae bien dong TI va bien ap TU tc'Ji cAc bl} chlnh luu 1 VD, 2VD. S1,1 mAt
clin bang giua cac tIn d<iu vao S8 dugc dUa teli khdu vilng khOng KN. Ti:t do
toi khliu khuech bAn din KD. Toi kh.u KD con co tin phan h6i lim t6c dQ
cua dQng cd d,ch c1,lc M. Tu khAu khuech dIP, tIn sai toi khAu ngu6n dieu
khii!n NDK va qua do tal cae khAu xung pha XP 1, XP2 dil!u chinh g6c md thyristor
cAp cho phan dng dQng co M.
Cap cho kh6i KD 1a kh6i ngu6n Ng.
Nell che dQ cua 16 HQ Wong dng nhu ch d(; dij,t thi khai KD kh6ng c6 tin
ra, dQng co M khong va khOng dich c1,lc.
Neu che dO lam sai khai che d di.it (nhu Ihq tang do ngan U
hq
tang
do chua m6i hay do dlit HQ v.v ... ) rna dO IOn tin sai vuot qua vung kh6ng
cUa b9 dieu chlnh (Oal' ORz trl!n hlnh. 7-10) thl dl1u ra khOi KN cO tin qua KD,
NDK, XPl, CP2 dil!u md thyristor, 'cdp cho dOng cd M quay d,eh e1,lc.
Khi U hq tAng thl dng cd c1,lc xu6ng. T6c dQ dQng cd xac dinh bdi 56
tin ra cua khtH KN va tin phan hoi am lip. Qui diliu chlnh c1,lc
III ti l(! toan giai tin vao (kg cA khi dut HQ) a
2
b
2
).
. Khi I
hq
tang thl dOng co nAng c1,lc len.
a vimg thay deli nho cua Ih thl t6c do nAng ti
v6'i s6 gia a1b
q
1
. 0 vung' thay ddi
cua I
hq
thl tflc dQ nAng nhay V9t. Che dQ
role d<:lt dUQc nha 6n ap 4VD trong m<:lch phAn
hlSi am di(!n ap.
Dl)c tinh dnh nhu hlnh. 7-10 cho kha nang
IO{li tru nhanh che dO sai (ngan ddt
HQ) va trong giai hoan nguyen, cac sai
.dI (%) nho kMng cO tac de)ng tlic dOng d
It, vilng t6c dQ nha, do do trli I:fi(!n tugng qua
dil!u chinh.
ffinh 7-10. tinh tinh clia
bO di6J chinh djch cl,lc 10 HQ dung thyristor.
Sau khi sai bi tru khu, tin sai l$ch
nhO hdn vlmg khOng nh(ly va du6i tae dQng cua
phan h6i se xAy ra hAm di(!n. Hai nh6m
sl"! th1,1C hi"n Hin luC}t cMf dO chlnh luu va nghich
htu tuy huang chuyi!n dQng.
Trang 90 dd, khlSi NI\.T lA ngu6n chlnh luu cAp cha kleh ti:t dOng co M.
Huang haan trang bi di(!n 10 HQ na:u tbep Iii :
- SU dvng 10 HQ co 6 di(!n C'ljC cttp ttl 3 bHfn ap mt pha co dung 2 dAy dAn
dong d ngan d giAm cam khang.
- Dung ngu6n cttp tdn 56 thAp eho Ib qua cac be) bien d6i dnh d giAm cam khang,
dg don giAn hoa b dil!u chtnh cOng suf.lt.
- Dung ngu6n 1 cf.lp cho 10 HQ qua cac b d6i ban dn.
96
7.5. LO HQ CHAN KHONG
Na:u kim trong 10 HQ chan khOng se tru dUQc h1dng tac cua kim loai
nong chay vlli khi th1,l'C khu khl. trong kim tri/ilt hOD, tru tu'dng
tac cua kim nong chay vlli cae c\lQ V,V ... Do 16 HQ cha.n khOng dUQc ung
d1,Lng trong :
- san xuat cae chiu nhi(!t vA cd hO!J,t dnh hoa hQc : ziriconi Zr, titan
Ti, mOHpden Mo, vonfram W v.v ...
- sitn kim
- sAn xul'lt cae thep chat h.1Qng caa, co Ii dnh t6t dung trong cae 6 db eaa t6c ...
- sAn cae bi(!t dung trong cae ngA.nh kI nhu : nguyen tu, vii.
tr1,L ..
La HQ chdn kMng c6 2 lo'!i :
1. La co c1)c khOng t6n graphit hay b!\ng d6ng vai dAu c1,I'c vonfram
(co lam mat Mong nU'{Jc). 16 Day khd dAm baa cha:t lt1gng eao cua kim IOs;ii n/lu
luy(!n vi thanh phl1'm bi lAm bQn Mi cAc di"n c,=,c khi na:u
2. Lo cd t6n 1A ch[nh kim na:u nAy thubng dl1qc su
d\lng
W k(t c6u, 10 HQ chAn khOng thl10ng bao g6m cae bl) ph(ln chfnh :
- KhuOn tinh d 6ng d6ng (trim, Ovan hay chu co vo lAm mat b.!\ng
nt1{Jc. Thl1bng lap ngoAi bAng li"u khOng tit dnh co cu(in day t(lp trung h6
quang dQc tr\lc 6ng vA khuyAy trn kim trong M 16ng.
- cO' cAu treo vA dlCh di(ln treo co thg' IS. (tbi, xich) hay cung (vit,
thanh rAng) vA vlli t6c dQ djch cl,tc 20 + 300 mm/ph.
- bu6ng lAm vi(lc co 6ng hay pMu.
- M th6ng bam chan khOng, d\lng C\l do
- h(l th6ng lAm mat 10
- ngu6n cAp vA h(! khi@'n
- nau luy"n trong khi tro thl co M th6ng khf tro.
Hlnh 7-11 lA cAu 10 HQ chan khOng.
Hlnh 7-11a Lit' lo,cd di(ln cl,tc t6n, trong do
1 - Th6i kim na:u ; 2 - Bu6ng chan khOng co khuOn ; 3 - Di"n cl,tc
t6n ; 4 - Co ct(u dich ; 5 - Thai kim ; 6 - V6 kin; 7 - Cua (mAt) quan sat;
8 - bl han di(ln c\1c.
Hlnh 7-11b lit 10 co dien C1/.c khOng t6n, trong do :
1 - N6i 10 cd lam mat bAng nl1{Jc ; 2 - Mu bQt kim ; 3 - cl,tc d6ng
cd litm mat nuCJc ; 4 - Dfu vonfram 'cua C\1C ; 5 - Cua quan sat.
HQ dung trong 10 chan khOng pM la HQ ml)t chh1u do dnh cha:t chay On
cao cua no. diA'm cua dJ)c tinh von-ampe cUa HQ trong chan khOng lit di"n ap

97
'.
J
7
f 8
I ,
s
4 6
Hloh 7-1 L La HQ chan
toi 50kA). Tit d6, Ib din ngu6n cd dong 16n va ddy dAn Ion. De dam 'baa .6n dlnh HQ
trong chdn kbang va qua trlnh d!}.c dnh ngoru eua ngu6n dip can doc dung.
Ngu6n dong co d(ic dnh d6 va dong khOng bt ph1,l thu()c vao ap h10i, tro HQ
va cae t6 khac. 81,1 6n dinh dong dl1QC th1,1C nhb" pM.1t hoi.
Ngu6n dip cho 10 HQ chdn khOng cd the Iii bl) bin d6i quay, hI) d6i ban ddn
hay ngu6n dong tMng 86 voi cae phfin ttl phAn khang (CUD kha,ng va t1,l di(!n)
Phfin lv:c 10 HQ chAn khOng nhu hinh 7-12. Sa do sil d1,lng cae chinh hiu tai
200A gam diOt ma.c song song. Do thai gian rot kim IOl,ii long va chuc1n hj me
miu tip thea Ie. bAng Ion hern thai gian nau thlldng m1)t m<;\ch Ivc cap
cho 2 16 lam vi(!c luan
98
7_ TSJ[}l -B
'.
Cun sd clip tip ib BAL
chlnh dllQC ap tAi vA dt1C}c
ca:p ttl ltlcJi q us cu daa, each Ii
CDCL vA may cth da:u' Me.
Hai bl) chinh !tlu ca:p ttl 2 cun
thu clip 3 pha qua cuOn kha.ng baa hOa
KBH co cae cun lAm LV xoay
chieu va dieu DK mOt chieu dip
tit hI) dieu BDK. So d6 chlnh hiu
IS. hlnh tia vA cap cho 10 HQ chAn
kh6ng qua cllOn khang sau bAng K.
Cac cuon tho: clip 3 pha co dii!m n6i
chung nguC}c el,l'e dnh giAm s6
ml;\ch sau khi chinh luu.
Trang 10 HQ cha.n khOng co
c1,l'c t6n (hlnh 7-11a), dich
chuyi!n c1,lc d.n dAm bAa thea t6c
d lAm blong ung (00 5 + lOmm/ph)
cLlng nh1i' dam baa trli khtt nhanh ngtin
va la.p rap nhanh (ca 2000 of-
4000mm/ph). Nhll v(iy, giro dil1u chlnh
Me d cc1n Uti 200 : 1 vA han. Trong
truyen dng djch chuyE!'n c1,lc bAng
- co, ngubi ta dung hp giam t.6c
d co Ii hQp ttt lAc dOng nhanh.
SAL
KSH
CC
VD
3 - 50H
z
.380v
111
ill
CDCL
MC

'--,KBFr-
P' f-

LV fJK

i
dOng 10 HQ chAn khOng clin
dAm bAo cae thaa Mc Bau :
--K
__ K
- ChAm lua HQ khOng t40 ngtin
m!il
ch
;
- 6ndinh d dill cungliraHQ dAcha;
- Djch ti@u t6n thea
t6c dO chAy ;
,
- On dinh cOng sulit HQ ;
- Nhanh chong tru khir nga.n ;
-
mob 7-12. Sd d6 !l1.\Ich h,!c 10 HQ chAn kMng.
- Nhanh chong C1/.c khi HQ ph6ng ve thanh 10.
7.6. LO HQ PLASMA
Lo HQ plasma III 10 HQ sir d1,lng plasma l!ilnh. Do lA khI ion hoa co m11c ion hoa
khoAng 1% (ti s6 giua B6 ion tren tlSng s6 phAn tir). Plasma d thllp dLiQC 11ng
d1,lng I'ng rAi trong cac qua trlnh nhu : na:u hQp kim, tinh tMp va
hQp kim chllt ltiQng cao, chiu vA t6ng hgp cac chllt khac nhau ...
99
'.

z
mob 7-13. so dd nguyen Ii cil8 piallmatmn.
l1u cua 10 HQ plasma lit I;(I.p trung ml)t
nAng h1c;Jng Ibn trong rn/)t vimg tM' deb
nha n@n dAm bAa nhiQt dQ qua trlnh r!1t cao.
Do vl).y, tAng dl1c;fC khA nAng phAn tlng v:\ t6<::
dO phAn Ilng. thai klch thlch nguym
tu {J dO coo con cho phep gAy phAn tlng
U;to cae ma'i lH!D kl1t rnA khOng thE! th11C
dl1t;1c 1I Clic thOng thubng
Phltn tu co ban cua 1& HQ plasma lA
piasmatron, 1I d6 nAng cua ngu6n c!1p dl1Qc
bil1n d6i thAnh nAng cua dong plasma
dQ thtl:p. Ta cd coi plasmatron nhll
mQt ngu6n phAt plasma dO thlip.
M6i truang tqo ro plasma IA clc h6n hQp da
thilnh phtin nhll N vA H, ru vA H, ru vA He.
Ph(in loq,i plasmatron thea Ii biffn d6i nAng thAnh nAng cd :
plasmatron HQ, cAm tlng w. di(!n to'.
Thea lof,li dong dii)n cd plasmatron dong mOt dong xoay ttin s6 cOng
vit cao tltn. Lof,li plasmatron me)t dl1c;Jc dung ph6 bin han do dnh 6n dinh
cao cua HQ. Trong plasmatron HQ thl bic dl,mg tI1)'C tiffp dt.1r;Jc dung IA chinh. D6
IA cAc-Io co an6t lA kim nong chAy.
Plasmatron HQ (hlnh 7-13) g6m Cl$C 1 co d(lng thanh vit blnh 2 lAm mat
nl10e df.i.t ddng tl"\lC vbi dil;!n e1,1"e. Trang plasmatron thl di(!n e1,1"c thl1bng lit
catOt vA n6i vbi cl$c (-) coa ngudn cAp 4. CatOt lAm kim ehiu nhi(!t (W, TO
co eMt phat nhl1 oxyt thori, ittri v.v ... Blnh lAm mat Mo catot khai kim
IO(li bAn Me vAo vA t/ilO hl1{Jng chuyE!n dOng. cho kh.
Hd quang 3 cM.y giua eat6t vA blnh 2. Nffu dE! HQ M thl m$t de) dong tl1dng d6i
khOng lbn, khaAng 1 + 30 Nmm
2
vA de) khOng qua 10
4
oK. DE! nAng cao dl) t(l.p
trung nAng II1Qng trang mt ddn vj thl1 deh vA nhi(!t dQ eua plasma, ngubi ta dung
each khAc nhau nen HQ. Ngubi ta co tM lAm l(lnh Cl1l1ng bllc d6ng thbi neD
cl)t HQ Mng lu6ng khi (6n dinh dong plasma blng khi). Cling cO thl1 nen HQ blng tu
tnt'bng ngoai (6n dinh dong plasma blng tit tnt'bng) hay M.ng tnt'bng ngoAi (6n
dlnh dong plasma tnt'bng) v. v ...
Khi U;to plasma dA nen dl1QC thC/i dQe eVc vA ra qua me)t 16 nM dubi blnh 2.
Lu6ng khI s(!i th6i HQ xu6ng phltn dutH vA trong 16 ra nha tAng dl)
dong vA nhil;!t d plasma HQ. Sau khi ra kMi blnh v(Ji t6c de) IlJn, khi nen tIlc
thbi giAn nCJ U;tO thAnh dong plasma Sling ehoi. de) dong HQ trong plasmatron cae
hdn m$t d dong HQ tv do. d dong tlJi (1,0 + 1,5) 10
4
OK vit hdn.
Nu thdi khf t(lO plasma dA dUc;Je nen theo tip tuy-n d6i vOi. tr1,lc plasmatron thl khf
s(!i Om ct HQ va. dQng xoay, thAnh dong plasma xoAy.
U HQ plasma xoay dan giAn nht chinh IA 10 HQ xoay thOng thubng
rnA cAe plasmatran thay vAo vi trl cAe di(!n c1,1"c. DI1 nAng caa 81,1" ehay 6n dinh clla
HQ chinh xoay ngubi ta dung dong plasma (hay HQ) mt ph1,l Plasma
ph1,l ml)t ion hoa khOng gian giua cAe cVc, U;to m6i HQ
xoay trang m6i nua ehu kl vit giu HQ duc;Jc 6n dinh.
100
'.
LO HQ plasma, ngo_w plasmatron con 00 kh6i ngu6n cllp,
M th6ng m6i HQ, M th6ng It\m h;mh, M th6ng cllp. khl,
M th6ng tra, bt\o v(! v. v ...
Phuong phtLp mlJi HQ trong plasmatron dung phd
trong thlJc te 180 phong cao ap, phong cao ttln vA
phun plasma.
Khi xting cao ap Wi cac clJc cUB. plasmatron
sl! xuyl!n qua khoang khOng gian giua cac di(!n c\1c vt\ tl;lO
ph6ng HQ.
Ngu3n c6p cho 10 co It\ cac b bien ddi chlnh luu
kbOng hay c6
Hioh 7-14. D,&:c tinh ngoai
ciJ.a ngu6n dong.
l
- - -
r
CL/lK

I
. FH r--
I
.
.
-

1'(
.
-
-
- -
CL
VIl
K
-0--.
Yl!u cllu co bAn d6i v{:/i kh6i ngu6n It\
co tlnh ngot\i d6c dung hay thAng
dtl'ng (ngu6n dong) (hlnh 7-14). D;)c dnh
d6c dtl'ng ha.y thAng dung IOl;li trlt kht\
nAng dong bi dao dQng khi di(!n tip HQ
thay dd'i, tuc It\ 6n d,nh t6t dong .HQ.
Hl\ng s6 thbi gian di(!n tu cua ml;lCb
IlJC clln pht'ti Ibn trtinh nbay vQt
clla dOng rna to do cd th{!' ra
HQ kep trong plasmatron. tinh ngot\i
d6c dung tl;lo ra nM cac phAn h6i : duong
tip vt\ Am dong HQ.
Hinh 7-15 bil!u thi SO" dd ngu6n dong
bl\ng thyristor vt\ dnh ngoi\i coo no
cho a blnb 7-14 voi cac dong h6 quang
dinh mUc khtic nhau.
Bien ap BA chlnh diQ:n ap phla
thu cllp dUQc cllp di(!n tu IUbi qua cliu
dao cach.li CDCL vt\ mAy edt MC. Ngu6n
cllp g6m bQ chinh luu chinh cd dil1u khil1'n
CLDK vt\ bO chlnh luu ph\! khOng
kh!l!n CL. BO ngu6n co cuOn khang san
b<\ng K, diot n6i song song YD, hQ: dil1u
xung pha XP, khAu phAn h6i dong
vt\ ap HQ It\ FH, kh6i. dao dQng m6i M
clip to ngu6n chInh luu pb\! CL. CuOn thu
clip a.p BA 00 thl! ch.uyl!n ddi nd'i sao
hay tam giac dl! thay ddi ap m.
Hloh 7-15. Sd dIS ngu6n dOng 10 h6 quang plasma.
Dong HQ 200 + 300A bi che boi
tro R co lAm mat bl\ng nUbc vA dg
dAm bAo HQ plasma ban dliu. Tang
til1p dong HQ nhb thay ddi gdc rna c8.c thyristor. S\1 ta.ng dong .HQ sE:! tranh
dUQC tUQng 4lo ra HQ kep. Khau FH dg tl;lo d6c dtl'ng cua d$.c dnh ngoAi.
CAe tin vAo khAu FH ti IQ: vtli dong va lip H;.Q.
101
rrI
rn C/J(L
",
Sau khi m6i xong HQ va
dong HQ' tAng gia hi
th.i kha.u FH t'Sn
dinh HQ.
Bao trong cac so d6
plasma co : bao ngAn
.va qua tai cilng nhu bao khOi
cac dq lam sai khac
nhu ap sua:t nullc lam mat
ap sul1t khi bi HQ
kep ra ..
Cac 10 HQ plasma c6ng sullt
g,l/ Ibn thuong dung ngu6n dong
I W,
.
leL I
f
2
J
"-
CT
H"iob 7-16. so d6 ngu6n d6ng Ibt'lng s6.
i";'
I I

.
ZCL
thang 86 nhu hlnh 7-16. So do
g6m vong Cng huang 3
pha dong trong
cun sd cllp WI cua bi/!n ap BA
khOng ph1,l thuC velO tw. TU:
dd dong thu ca:p iSn
nghla Ia HQ 6n dtnh.
tang h(! s6 tili c6ng sul1t,
sO d6 cO 2 cuOn thu ctlp 3 pha
1 W
2
, 2W
2
dip cho 2 c.!lu chinh
btu. Hai cAu chinh luu nay cO
diSi n6i song song hay n6i nM
cAe cAu dao eAch Ii 1,2 vi't. 3. Luc
ddu qua trinh, dO 10 tMp,
2 cliu chinh hiu mac n6i
M tAng lip (CAll dao 1 dong,
2 va. 3 rna). Sau do, khi dl>
tang cao thi 2 Cliu chlnh luu mAc song song giam ap (clu dao 1 md, 2
va 3 dong).
Dung 10 HQ plasma tf,li Wi va.i ch1,lc Mn.
7.7. THIET BI KHUAY TRQN KIM LOAI LONG
Yl:l cua khuiy tr()n kim 16ng trong 10 HQ, nhu: dA trlnh bay 0
7-1, HI. ch6ng s\t dQ kim theo d() sA.u cua lb. Kim long trong
n6i 10 duQ'c khul1y nhb hi dillln tu 10f!.i khac nhau, elI d1,mg dong xoay
cung nhu mOt Nhung th\tc ti!, phiS bii!n la. dung thie"t bi dong xoay
khul1y trn tu truong.
Nguyen H lam cUa bi tudng tl,! nhu cua dOng Cd khO'llg dOng dAy
hay stator 1 (hl.nh 7-17) dulli day tu dnh cUB. 10 2. Stator cd khe ho gii'ia
stator va. kim lo(li (16ng) nhau thea mQi hu(Jng. Stator cd 2 cutin dAy A, B. Dong
xoay qua 2 cUQn dA.y nhau pha 90
0
sE! ra tu tnUmg nchl;ly". Thuong
pha A chia thanh 2 ph:1n (AI _ va. (A'l - A' 2)' con cuQn pha B ph!ln b6 giua
2 phlin do (hlnh 7-17b). Chuyen dt'Si cac cuQn dAy co the thay dt'Si huang chuyen dOng
cua truong "chl;l.y" (diSi huang tu phia nay ra phIa khac va. ngu'Q'c ll;rl, xoay va.o, xoay ra
102
'.
v.v ... ). Til truang "ch:;J.Y" cam ung trong kim IOlili lOng cae; dong xoay. Tuong tt'ic giiia
dong xmiy va trubng stator t:;J.o ra dOng eua Idp kim phia duCli neli. Ldp
nay ehuyen d::lg toi thanh cua 10 se gay ra dong eua lop (theo
huang nglitJe T6e dO dOng eua kim 10:;J.i thucmg khoang 0,3 + 0,6 m/s.
IJ
,
f
-
II![
14
II
I
J
fI,
---
,
8
,
,{t A,
.ld
Ig
III (l7 til 'If
L-
1
t/.? (l7,
fA
A
B
x y
0)
a)
Hlnh 7-17. Thiet bi khuay trOn dien tu.
Khe khang khi gifta stator vii kim Iolili long (d6i wi e!1c 1b khac nhau III til 200 + 900mm)
se lAm yeu tu trubng va dO Um mOmen tU. VI dl,!, khi tAng khe ha til: 600 len
940mm (Wc la 1,57 hin) thl mOmen di(!n tit giam Mi 3 hin.
Dong xoay dung trong thii!t bi khuay trOn co di(!n 10'0 + 300V vaj tlin 86
rfft tMp 0,3 + 1,1 Hz. Tfin s6 thiIp duqc dung tu tr1.i"bng elin phai qua lop
vo kim day cua lb. Ldp vo nay se Iii man chAn nhu hoAn toan trllbng tii: d
tl1n e6 eang nghip. Dong tan 96 thtl:p t!ilO ra tu trubng c6 dO xuyen sau Ilin trong
kim lo?i do do 410 dU9c I9C idn vao kim lO(l,i long.
Stator cua thie"t bi khutl:y tr(ln c6 la 3 pha hay 2 pha. Ngudn ctlp cho stator Ia
b bien deli may din hay thyristor s6 thiIp.
BAng 7-2 gilii thi(!u mOt vai thOng 86 chinh cua thii!t bj khuiIy tTn do LX cii chi! tlilO.
Bang 7-2
LO(l,i stator
C9II1 - 25 C8IIl - 50 Call1-IOO call 1-200
Dung lu<;mg 10, T 25 50 100 200
Tan 56 dinh muc, Hz 0,9 0,65 0,5 0,4
Gilii b.(l.n chlnh 86, Hz 0,8 - 1 . 0,5 - 1,5 0,5 - I 0,3 - 0,6
COng suiIt pha, kVA 575 550 860 930
Di(!n Ap pha, V 115 115 180 180
a6 c6ng 8U!1t 0,50 0,59 0,58 0,66
Sir d\lng thie"t bi khutly trn c6 uu : .. _ .
_ TAng cubng qull trlnh 'khi1 ox..y va \uu huy-nh troug kim cung nhu: bOa
tan cac ph1,l gia htJp kim ; lAm d6ng cae thllnh phlin bOa hQC va nhi(!t dQ d
cac llip khac nhau va rut ngAn thai gian giai dOliln holln xu6ng (25 + 40) phut.
_ Soot ti{.u baa na.ng IUQIlg khl ntlu giMi xu6ng cOn (12 + 20) kW-h/T.
_ GiAm lao dOngcl,iC nhQc ebo th9, nAngcao chfft IU9ng thep, nfingcao nAng8utlt lb (cO 10%).
103
'.
Chlrl7ng 8
, , ,
LO CAM liNG
8.1. KHAI NIEM CHUNG VA PHAN LOAI
1. N guyeD Ii lam ella liJ cam ting (hay 1b 86) 18 d\ia veo hl<;lng cam
!lng lu. Khi m9t kh6i kim IO<;li vao trong mQt tu trtibng bin thl trong
kh6i kim iOl.li sEl xuat (cam !lng) cae dong xoay (dong Foucault).
nang cua dong xoay Be dot neing kh6i kim IOIili.
2. Nhiet nang truyen kim IOl;li ph\! thuQc nhi(!u tei :
- tro sua:t f va M so tu tha:m .u cua kim
- Cuong d9 tit truong H,
W.=H
2
=I
2

Thvc M khOng the' tAng mlii dong dd tAng cubng dQ ttl trubng vi dAy phAi rat
USn vA qua. nong, co thd nong chAy (du cd m.t(!c lam mat).
- TAn 86 dong cam ung
W
nhiet
"" Vf
Th\ic M, thubng dung phudng pbap nay. Do 1(') cAm dng con gQi IA 10 tAn s6 va
ngu6n clp cho 10 11\ ngu6n t!1n 86 caD.
3. NguOn dien caD tan cd tlilo ra bhng nhi@U eAch
- Dilng mAy phAt Un 86 cae : do hl;ln chl1 kfch thu:tJc vA 86 vong quay
giAi 56 ema eAc mAy phAt quay khOng quA 10kHz. 8uilt cua cAc mAy nay
cd dlilt ca 11 = 70 + 80%. Do mAy phAt nAy dllQC chl1 vtJi s6, cOng 8Utlt,
Ap nh4t dinh khi cAn gift vtJi Ap khAc th4p hern, thu:ang cAn cO
Ap ph6i hc;fP cAe them 86 giua ngu6n vii. phl,l tAi.
- Dung dl'ln phAt ti't : khi tqn 86 Mn hern 10kHz. su4t cia dl'ln phAt
ti't chi dlilt khoang 11 ..... 60% vi qua nhi@U khau biA'n d6i vA t6n hao Mn.
- Dung thyristor .: con bi bJ;I.n chA' {) giAi 86 cao vA. cOng su4t Mn. Sit dVng t6t
a cAc 10 trung cOng 8u4t nhO vA vU:a.
4. II u diim cola thUit bi gia I1ln ,6
- Co tM' nAng l11Qng cho v$.t cln gia cOng mOt eAch nhanh chdng va
trl,lC Wfp, khOng phBi qua khau trung gian cd tM tl,l dOng hda a muc dO cao va
co tM' hanh gia a mOi trU:bng trung tlnh, chan khOng.
104
- Cd toi M chi (vo cung, trong rut mt'!!m) mt cAch dan
nhb ung m;)t cua dong cao U.n. toi co thi1 co hlnh btU kl.
- TAng duc;1C nAng sua:t lao giam dUQc lao nh9c.
s. lrng cua thiet hi gia thn 56 rl!t rQng rai, phd la
- Nllu chay kim trong khOng khi, khl tw, chAn khOng.
- Nung phOi di1 rim, ep.
- TOi, ram, U cae chi ti@'t cO" khL
- HAn.
- Gia cOng hoa
- Slly, nung, chilt mOi, ban dAn (nhu : sily gd, dan gd, slly khuOn duc, sl1:,
sl!y bQt, thoc gi6ng, g\iO, khit trung d6 hQp, lu:u hoa cao su, dan nh\1a, ni lOng ... )
- ViQc gia nhiQt cha:t diQn mOi (slly, nung ... ) th\1C nhb diQn tn1cmg E bi@'n
(mQt phl1n cua trU:bng tU:). Thong diQn tn1bng bi@'n cac phAn tit di(!n
mOi bi phAn c1;1c. S1;1 thay ddi hU:lIng phAn c\1c thu:bng ch$.m sau theo sl,1 thay dOi hU:lIng
'. cua trt1bng va clin mQt na.ng IU:c;Jng. NAng IU:c;Jng nong mOi ho;)c chilt
bAn dAn Tlin 86 gia nhi(!t mOi tlIi IMHz.
6. PhAn tbiM bi gia !lin 86 cd tM thea t!n s6 lilm v;eo hay ph.m '" ,u d.ng.
a) Theo tan. ad lam vifc c6 :
- Thi@'t bi tl1n s6 cOng lily tu: lu:lIi ho;)c qua may bil!n ap.
- Thil!t bj trung tdn vlli tAn s6 lam 500 + 10.000 Hz. Thi4!t bi thU:bng
dung mAy pbAt quay tlin s6 cao hay dung thyristor khi cOng sullt nM vita.
- Thi4!t bi cao tdn vlfi tAn s6 trfln 10.000Hz, tbubng dung phat ho;)c
thyristor.
b) Thea phq.m vi sii. dl{.ng c6 :
+ Thi@'t bi U:n 56 nllu chay kim hQp kim
La cam ung lo;u phAn ra 210(1.1 (hlnh 8-1) 18 10 co 10i tbep (10 mang) (hlnh
8-1s) vA 10 khOng co loi thep (Io n6i) (hlnh 8-1b).
OJ
Hlnb 8-1. L6 n!u chAy cam ling.
(oc r"ilf
ctfm VHf
L/) nWlg dung lu_
nbc va thllp
bay dung nilu chAy
kim lolili mAu. 1..0 n6i
cO dung n6i cAng
Illn thl tAn s6 cimg
giAm nong deu
giita n6i). Dung lU:'lDg
n61 cO thl1 tOi lOT, lAm
viec a s6 50Hz,
cOng suilt 1500kW.
105
'.
+ Thii!t bi nung ph6i cho rEm, d(j.p, can. PMi cang Ion thi tan s6 lam cimg nM.
+ bt ttli bi3 thubng lam d tl1n s6 cao. LOp Wi cimg mong thl. tl1n 86
lam mng cae.
+ Thii!t nung, sl1y chllt m6i va han
8.2. 51! TRUYEN NANG Ll1Q"NG
TRONG THIET B! GIA BANG TAN 56
NAng IU<;lng truyen tii: ngu6n (tan s6), qua yang cam ung, ddi thilnh
nang IU<;Ing tru:bng to. Trang gia nAng dong (xaay) cam ling dU<;Ic
thanh nang.

Khi truyi3n sAu trong kim lo!;rl, dQ Um cua cac vecta E va H (2 thanh phl1n cua
trubng to) bj giam dl1n vA nang trubng to ciing giam dan (theo d sAu
truyen Z). Hinh 8-2 chQ bit 81,1 suy giam clla E, H thea Z.
DO sAu (theo chii3u Z vuOng goc voi be gia dnh thea dIng thuc
" 2 503. [ml (8-1)
OJPaY P
gqi la dt) sdu thdm thd.u.
Trong ctlng thuc (8-1) thi
(J) - tl1n 86 gac, OJ = 2xf.
- hO s1l til t.hi1m d6i cia kim Iall
fa.
P
a
= PJ1-.

P - s"j ti't tMm Wang d6i cU.a kim
1
Po - M s6 to thl(m chAn khOng
Po = 4H.IO-
7
Him
y - din sust cua kim
I
y 7' . (pl Qm, [yl I/Qm
s,
Hlnh 8-3. Yecta Pointing.
106

"/0
Hinb 8-1. 51) suy giam ella E, H theo dO sau Z.
o dQ sAu Z =. <5" thl dl) E, H c.,.i con
36,8% so vOi a M ngoai cua kim lal;li.
Ni!u thi dong nAng h:i<;lng (W) chAy qua
1 dan vl dch (cm
2
) vuong goc v{Ji phuong
song din 1.0 bAng 1 vecta gQi la vecta
Pointing (hlnh 8-3) thl dO dM (mOdun) vecto nay
giAm khi vAo sAu trong kim IOI;li.
'.
Tinh toan vii th1,1C M cho thliy ; khi Z "= <5 thl 0,864 philn nang 111qng tit co d
M kim lo::.Li bt tan d6t n6ng lap kim dAy <5, cOn 0,136 nAng Itt9ng
dien ttt: tl,lC truyE!n sdu VaG lbp trong. Z "" 20 thi nAng hlqng tU milt
0,117S
o
dl! d6t n6ng kim IOf.li theo (dily <5), nghla Iii mat tcing c9ng 0,9818
0
M d6t n6ng lap kim bE! day 2<5, con ll;li 0,0198
0
tiep tl,lc truy&1 vilo lap trang.
R6 rang, tan s6 dng IOn (B-1) thl <5 cang nM va nAng Itt9ng ti1 dmg trung
d6t nong a lop ngoill cua kim
dnh toan, ngtloi ta hay dung cong thllc tlnh theo s6 ampe-vong. d(l
nang htqng tl;li ngoAi ph!ng) se la :
So = 2. 10-
4
[W/cm'J (8-2)
trong d6 ; I - dong cua cuOn cAm llng, [AI
W 0 - 86 vang/cm chiE!u cao cuOn cam llng.
Khi ngoM Iil hinh tr1,l (hlnh 8-4) thl. phAi tMm s6 hlnh dang If vao cong
thuc (8-2)
. (8.3)
so hinh dang If Iii mQt ham s6 ella <5 va ban k{nh
vi;lt gia cong
.d2' )

vA dtt9C thi qua d6 d hlnh 8-5.
s.
(cp/
Khi > 10 thi rp "" 1 va So dnh cho mi)t tr1,l gi6ng
nhU: cho ph/mg.
Th1,1C M, cAc chi tiet gia cong c6 hinh dl;lng phdc
nhtt banh rang, tl'1,lC khuyu, cam v.v". nhung dE!u c6 the
mnh 8-4. c:1 mng IUQng quy tl,l vE! 2 h9P dien hinh (m1;i.t phang va. tl'1,l)
trtn hlnh tf1,l. da. xet.
*) C6ng 8u6t thilm vao v(lt gia
la :
P = SoF, [W] (8-4)
trong d6, F - dch M ml;\t, (cm
2
]:
*) H4 86 cos If trong to cAm llng ph\l
thuQc khe hd gifta v(lt gia cOng va cuQn
cAm ling.
Tit hlnh 8-1b :
R
Khi-=lthi
r .
COB If ..,. 0,707
R
Khi->lthi
r
cos If < 0,707.
1/
/
il
o
I)
.
6
8
2 4
rI2
Hlnh 8- 5. Quan M phl,l thuOc eua 'f' theo T .
107
'.
.. ) sulit cua Ib cAm ung cling ph1,l thu(lc t6. () tAn s6 cao va
kh
. rV2 , ,
1 ---0- 0/11 1 thl suAt gioi cO tmh thea cOng thuc sau
"lg.h.ijn =
1
R
1+-
r fkl
R
(8-5)
RO rang, suilt gil:li giam khi - tAng (khe hO gifta yang cAm -ang va v(\t gia
r
tAng) vA khi dien su!t fvong.c.lJ ella vQ.t lAm vOng cAm ung tAng.
yang cAm ung vA kim lo?i gia cOng cung chllt thl ll
g
.h chi con ph\! thuOc van
cae baD Idnh r, R. Khi "'" 1 thi llg.h = 0,5. V(\y sut cua Ib cAm -ang n6i chung
khOng cao (:E;; 0,5).
gi8.m cae tdn tht tu kh6i ngu6n t(Ji yang cAm U'ng, co dung thyristor .
) Tan s6 d3ng gia phil hQp dllQC ChqD thea M dAy tOi. N6i chung, khi
c5 tAng (llJp thl1:m Wi dAy) thl bin s6 giAm.
Vbi IlJp tMm tOi < 10 mm, tlin s6 gia t6i uu lA
(8-6)
trong do : [eS] - em.
Vl:Ii lap thl1:m toi > lOmm thl ta coi nhll a d Dung va f
t6i
uu toy thuQc r,' h
(blnb 8-4) cua chi gia cOngo
BAng 8-1. Cbo cac tri 86 f
t6i
uu theo r, h
Bimg 8-1
r (mm) ,.80
35 + 80 26 + 60 15 + 40 8 + 20
h (mm) ,.160
65 + 160 46 + 80 25 + 60 15 + 40
f
t6i
w. (Hz) 50 500 1000 2500 8000
Khi chi til1't gia cOng nh6 vA t4n s6 11m viec thl1:p thl truyAn nAng lUQng 8/:l khd
khAn vA hi$u 8dt thil1't bi tM(p. Do deS c4n quy djnh mQt tl1:n s6 lam t6i
7500 .
f
min
= ? [Hz] (8-7)
trong deS : [r]_cm
o cac cOng thuc tri!n, ttl: (8-1) (8-7) lA chua dn Anh cua cae th6ng
86 khac trong qua tpnh gia cOngo ChAng hli\D, dQ thay d6i din dn thay d6i cac
tri 86 p, P. va. tu d,d cA 15. BAng 8-2 gilJi cac tri 8,6 15 (mm) ph\! thuQc f vA to cua
vAl vl),t thOng tbubng bay gl),p.
108
'.
Bang 8-2. Trj s6 6 (mm)
V$t Thep D6ng
(DC) 20 100 20 1000
P (lO-60
em
)
10 130 2 10
I'
60 1 1 1
f (H,)
50 2,8 85,5 9,5 18,7
1000 0,64 19,0 2,1 4,2
2500 0,4 12,0 1,34 2,57
8000 0,22 6,70 0,75 1,48
70.000 0,07 2,21 0,35 0,45
150.000 0,05 1,55 0,16 0,32
250.000 0,04 1,20 0,13 0,26
500.000 0,03 0,85 0,095 0,270
8.3. cAc PHAN ni CHiNH TRONG
THlfT B! GIA NHleT BANG TAN 56
1. Cae biln illn
NhOm
20 600
2,9 11,3
1 1
12,8 24,0
2,7 5,4
1,7 3,4
0,85 1,7
0,31 0,60
0,21 0,42
0,17 0,34
0,12 0,24
nay, trong cae hi gia bAng dbng cao tlin, ngu6n eaa tAn (C8.c
hI) Un) cd tM' III may phAt quay, dim phAt tu hay bin bin dung thyristor
"') MtLy phat tan s6 cao dil duc;Jc tl;10 (j dAi oong 8Ut 0,5 + 1500 kW vA (j
dIU ,lin s6 500 ... 8000 H,.
DOl vltl sO: du6'i 500Hz, ng\1bi t8 dung may pMt d6ng bQ Ci,1c 16i cd sO: c\1c
IOn vA s6 vtlng quay caa vi :
np

Trong do : p - s6 eve ;
n - t6c dQ quay rotor, vg/ph.
0)
(8-8)
J)
mob 8-6. MliICh til (a) va rotor (b) cua may pha! cAm ung c6 til truans dap /TlliIch.
109
'.
D6i v6"i taD 56 caa hem, ch t!.lO cae may phat nhtt tren se g<)p kh6 khan vi
s6 ciiip cl,1c ta.ng lam tang klch thullc may va vi(!c tAng t6c de. quay cllng hi ch do
rl ben eel khf V.v ... Vi a tAn 86 trl!n 500Hz ng\1bi ta dung IlJ.3.y phat cam ung cO
tit trt1ang m!.lch thea thbi gian (may phat song hoa l'angL
Hinh 8-6 hieu hi;! ttt cua may nay. CUQn klch tu GKT phAn b6 trl!n stator. CuOn
Jam vi(!c eLY (cuOn tlng) cung phan b6 stator. (hinh 8-6a). RotOT kMng co cun
day va co d!.lng banh rang (hlnh 8-6b). Khi rotor quay, cae dinh rang 1 va ranh ra.ng
2 HiD 1119't qua tn1ac cae rftnh stator co cun kich tu CKT. Kt qua Ie. ttt tMng do
CKT t!.lO ra co dnh m!.lch, !uc m!.lnh, bie yell. Tit thOng Day cit cae vang day
eLV Him xullt hi(!n trong eLV s.d.d. cam ung. Mt chu kl thay d6i s,d.d. trong b6i ddy
l1ng (CLV) ting vbi rotor quay qua mt buck rang, n(!n 56 cttc p tuO'ng'ting
voi s6 rang Zz cua rotor. Tu do Uln s6 dong cua may phat se Ii'!
nZ
2
wZ
2
f 60 6,28' [H,] (8-9)
trong do : w - tAn s6 goc, (md/s).
Tir thOng trong cac rang rotor kh6ng bi thay d6i theo thOi gian hAu nhl1 khang
co dong xoay Foucault trong rotor. Do rotor co th duc ho*c ghep tir cac 18.
thep mong ghep If,l.i. Con a hai rAnh stator, tir tMng 180 va gAy ra tOn that
trong thep nl!n stator dUQc ghep h,ti tir cac Ia thep mongo
lam mat may phat cO the' bAng khi qua cac rAnh gan vung rang hOl),c lam
mat bAng nl1ac khi may c6 c6ng Ibn.
Keo may phat c6ng suilt Ion (tri!n lOOkW) dung di)ng Cd d6ng b. May phat cong
suat nM hO'n dung dng cd kMng d6ng b. De)ng cd keo vA may phat co the dugc gh8p
chung th80nh mOt th6ng nhat bi"n ddi Mn 86. Cac bl> bi"n Mn cOng suilt tren
lOOkW thub'ng cO tr\lc dl).t thing dang giam dch I4p
t6i uu h6a quA trlnh c6ng gia nhi(!t, viCe dit1u chinh tl,1 dng dong kich tu
may phat la rilt quan trvng, nhAm 6n di(!n ap phat ra cAp cho 10 cam ang
nM.m'dieu chlnh di(!n ap theo tri sO: mong muO:n (khOng dung bi@'n lip 10). Roan thi(!n
nhilt hi(!n nay trong nAy 180 dung bO bi@'n d6i ldch tu bAng thyristor, dAm bAo de)
chfnh xlic 6n ap 1% vbi giAi ap Wch tir(O' + 180)V. SO' dO: ll,1c cua b kich tu la
cAu (3 pha) kh6ng d6i xllng. xung dit1u khi(!'n bAng cac phin ttl lOgic.
11 u diem chfnh cua cac bO bi@'n Mn may phat IA ddn gilln ve cau truc, d tin
cao, dA stl d\lng, co lam Bong song cae may phat, v6n tba:p nhat IA khi c6ng
suat Ion.
110
f(IJ
,
,
!
,
,
II> ([.v:

Hlnb 8-7. Sa dO kh6i ella thiet bi gia nhi! dung may pM!.
Thi@'u s6t clla cae be) bien tan
lof,ti nAy la cO phAn ttl quay, khd
Stla chaa, di(!n dch lAp lon,
lam 6n, hi(!u Buat thlip khi. flli
nh6, b6i trdn va lAm phl1c
khOng thay d6i dl1QC 00.
Rubng hoan thi(!n cac b bi@'n
'tAn may di(!n Ii'! Btl d1,lng cac v(lt
t6t dg nAng cao hili;u suilt
d"n 85%.
So do kh6i cua thiel bi gia bB.ng tlln s6 dung mliy phlit quay C1 hlnh 8-7,
trong d6 may phat dong cao ta:n F(O c/lp cho vong cAm ung qua mliy lip ph6i
hQp BA (d thay ddi di(\n Ap phu hQp v{Ji yang cAm ung). BQ t\l C bu coStf'. Mliy
ctlp cho 2 yang cam ung lC.U va 2 C.U lam luAn phitln t4n dl,mg cong Bullt .
. (MQt yang ntlu thl yang kia Illy sAn pht(m, chut(n bi me sau ... )
.. ) Den phat tan 86 dung trong bi gia bAng tlln s6 thubng lA 3 cl,1'c
chAn khOng. T.!1n s6 phlit to vai chl,lc kHz hAng trAm MHz.
dUQc lam mat bB.ng kh6ng kh1 (cOng Bullt vru kW) hay bAng nu{Jc (cOng sullt
Mn hdn, thi ngoAi mQt trAm kW)
Khi lam nhi(!t dQ catOt tang to dQ m6i trU'i':Ing tbi han 2000
0
C va
tra cua n6 tAng toi 10 la".n. Do do, khi bAt dllu lAm khOng dUQc cllp ngay di(!n lip
dinh muc vi dong cat6t qua Ion g!'l.y hOng den rnA phAi qua nllc tAng dlin. Luc
lam vi(!c cling c:in 6n djnh ap sQi d6t vi tAng ap 1 % lam tu6i thQ den
giAm han 10%.
diem quan trQng cua den phat la su/lt thllp vA tu6i thQ nhO. SQi ddt
cua dim til!u th1,l tiI 8 + 30% cOng sutlt den.
Cac den cOng sullt dubi 200kW thU'o-ng kin va hut chAn khOng khi che t!;lo. Clic den
c6ng sullt lOn han, 500kW thui':lng bO. Co thay clic bQ Mn trong deft
11k hu hong. Khi den lAm den mbi dUQc hut chAn khOng.
M<;lch cua den phat phuc NAng IU'Qng ttt lubi phAi qua khAu mbl t{Ji
vl)t gia nhi(\t. Do autlt thiet bi thllp.
Sa d6 k.h6i Clla bi gia dung den phat nhu hlnh 8-8. Di(ln ap lubi qua
may tAng lip BA dua l!n 6 hay lOkV r6i dUQc nAn thanh dong mQt nhb chlnh
luu cao ap CL dt1' ctlp cho den phat OF. Den phlit dong cao tlln ctlp cho vong cAm ung
C.U. kMng che KC dong cAt vA chlnh dien ap chlnh luu. M!;lch phAn h6i
FH lU'(ti den phat nhB.m dn djnh tlln a6 phAt vA chlnh dO gia nhil/lt khi cac
thOng s6 tAi thay ddi clng nhu dAm bAo hieu su.t den cao .
BA
Hloh 8- 8. SO d6 kh6i thiet bi gia nhiet dung den pM!.
) Bil!n. tan thyristor phd
nhllt gdm 2 khAu 00 bAn :
chlnh luu co khin CL vA
nghjch luu dQc ll,lp NL (hlnh
8-9). (autonom invertor)
Khi thyristor 1 T th6ng, t1,l
C dUQc n!;lp di(ln ap 2U.
Nhu sa d6 thl bAn cl,i"c Mn trai
cO cl,1'c tinh (+). Ltic thyristor
2T th6ng thl t\l C ph6ng
qua cA 2 thyristor. Dong qua 1 T nglJQc vbi dang phong cUa t\l C nhanh chong
giArn 0 va IT khoa. Dong qua 2T cung chi(;u v{Ji dang phong cua t\1 C nhanh
chong tAng tbi tn s6 mac, n!;lp cho tv. C v{Ji ClfC tfnh nguQc l?i. Kh6i phlit
xung FX dip cat xung IT, 2T pha 'nhau 1800. Khi do cun sd ctip biE!n
ap 2BA co dong xoay cO ttfn s6 cua cae xung rna cae thyristor. CuQn thd ctlp Be
cam ung dong cung tcfu s6, cllp cho vong C.U.
111
T6m l/ili, v{Ji sa d6 nAy, dong tAn s6 cOng dugc chinh luu vA dugc
dt'H thanh dong can tAn.
COng sullt cac b nghich luu thyristor co th@" toi 12.000kW, sul'it 0,9 ..,.. 0,95,
ap han 1000V, tin s6 t{Ji 10kHz.
VI kh6a thyristor clln thbi gian 12 ..,.. 25,us n@n.Un s6 gi{Ji hl(l.n cua cAc b nghich
luu thyristor IA 10 ..,.. 12 kHz.
2. Vong cam uog
VI dong qua vong cam ung clJ hAng ngAn Ampe n@n tdn hao tbi
25 ..,.. 30% cOng suilt huu feh cua bi. Do ca'.n lAm mat vbng C.U.
LAm mat khOng khi cho phep m$t d dong 2 ..,.. 5 Nmm
2
. Lam mat bAng
nuoc chay trong Yang cam ling r6ng tia't trim, 0 van hay chu eho phep m(lt
d dong tbi 50 ..,.. 70 Nmm
2
. DAy dAn lAm vong C.U. cO r6ng vi dong cao taD
chi phAn b6 phfa ngoru dAy. Trong giAi t4n s6 radio, thubng dung 6ng day 1 ..,.. 0,5mm.
3. Ty
T1,I dung trong cae sd d6 cua bi gia tlin 86 nhAm lAm chuc nAng
phAn Ii dong 1 hol).c bu cosrp ..
'. Cae t1,l nay phAi Ia. cAc t1,l chiu ap cao (tlJi lOOOV) v6 chiu ta'.n s6 coo (toi 10kHz)
tuy thea bi gia nhiet.
4. Cae eong'ti.eto
Trang bi gia nhiet cao tdn, clic cOngtActa duc;:lc dung lA cOngtAcla cao bin 2
chiu ap 1600V vA tdn s6 tit 500 ..,.. 10000Hz. 0 m6i eo 2 di@"m : tia"p
chInh (tia'p
di@"m lAm v6 J ... SdH;
di@"m d(lp h6
quang. di@"m
h6 quang trong
bu6ng d(lp h6 quang
vA c6 h;t{Ji, cO cun
dAy ph\l d@" thdi tit
trubng. M6i cl).p tia'p
duc;:lc n6i song
song nhau. Khi d6ng
ml;lch, di@"m d$p
h6 quang dong trubc
rdi da'n tilp
chinh. Khi ng4t m$Ch
thl nguQc ll;li : tilp
chinh rna trube
r6i d@"n tia"p d(lp
h6 quang.
112
r-
\
L

r- r-
I 1
L
C.v:
V4A
idA
u
"
+
I e-
,vi
I/'
r x I----:,

a ,
!lofT
,
K
.
-
-
Hinh 8 - 9. So dO to) t!n thyristor.
..
5, DAy din cao tan
trung cua dAy dAn cao tlin la cO cAm khang Ian da ung .be
h6 cam va chung ph\! thuQc vao t!1:n 86. DAy din cao trong bi gia bang
86 thub'ng lA thanh cm phAng, 6ng r6ng cd- nuOc lAm mat, cap d6ng tr1,lc caa tl1n
hay cap mQt ruQt, ruQt thOng thuO'ng.
Cap d6ng tr1,lc cd tra khang va cAm khang nha so v6i cac 10(li dAy din khac nhung
nd cd cllu t(lO phuc tf,lP vA t6n han.
nay, da. cd nhung cap htc caa tAn bi(lt chiu dong tai SOOA, Mn s6 10kHz
va di(!n ap tOi 2kV.
8.4. M(lT SO SO DO KHONG CHE
THIET B! GIA BANG TAN SO
1. LO nan cMy cam tlng tlin ,6 cOng
J Sd"1
W [oj/tiuD
J . \ \ cucA&-
\ \ \ AlOfco/
I,I/C'
P C
U
a
u"
i-IS ---

: CST T :
, .
L ___________ J
Minh 8-10. S(I d6 16 cam ung tdn s6 cOng
8_Toor.T '
L6 cam ung tlin s6 c6ng
cd the la 1 pha (khi cOng sullt nhO)
hay 3 pha. La(li sau dAm bAa cOng
sullt Ian va phAn tAi 3 pha trong
nha may.
Hlnh 8-10 cho SCI d6 Ii
l1,1e eua 10 cam ling 86 eOng
nghi(!p. Luai 3 pha tan 8650Hz dua
van ap 10 BA qua eLu daa cach
Ii va may cAt l1,1c. chinh cOng
sullt trong qua trlnh nllu th1,1e
hi(!n boi 81,1 thay d6i ap duai
t8.i cua cuQn SCI cllp BA. BQ t1,l C d
bu COSIf' va cd th@' they ddi dip h(l
86 bu nhi:l cOng tAc K.
Vl a SCI d6, Ib mOt pha cOng Built
ltln dliQC n6i van 1 pha (C) d
t!!'o can pha, cO kh6i d6i xung
DX g6m CUQn khEing L n6i thea SCI
,
dd cO giua va bQ tl,l C
s
co th
thay ddi dung nhi:l c6ng tilc Ks'
chlnh dung C
s
cO th bang
tay hay t1,1 dQng. D t$,n d1,lng
bi, ngubi ta dung 210 IC.V. va 2C.V.
lAm 1uAn phi@n nhau nha diu
dao ICD va 2 CD. De sliy 10 hay tAng
dan dQ khi bAt dliu nliu luy$n,
10 th11bng cO bien ap clp hay
ap t\t ngAu rna may vai c6ng
su:it 30 +- 50% eong sulit djnh mue
cua lb. Khi lam binh thuang thl
may bil!n ap rna may d11i;lC nga.t ra.
113
'.
2. LO cam ling coo tlln dimg mily philt
Nhu binh 8-11, hQp hi baa g6m : hI> bien ta:1'l may quay (D-F), b
kfcb tu thyristor cho may phat KT, bQ tv biI cos<p co chinh 56 bu (C va K
c
)'
cae cuOn d.m ling le.V va 2C.U' co the chinh 96 vbng bang tay, th6ng do luang
va thiel bj baa
r----------,
,
,
,
..\I "
--,
K
c
Hlnh 8-11. Sci d6 10 cam ung cao tlhl dung mB.y pM!.
tranh qua ap SlJ e6 do dut C.U', b(> ph6ng PI:. se ph6ng Dong
ph6ng qua dong !i sa lam role dong c\lc lRI
m
tac dng, cAp cho rdle R
ng!t kfch' to may phat. Rale R ciing hie dng khi role 2R1m tac d(>ng de baa v$
qua tw.
Trong tru:bng hc;lP hi co tM cO bQ tlin ph\! c6ng sullt b:\ng 25% oong
suilt b(> chfnh. B(> bien tlin ph\l dung duy trl nhi/}t d 16 nilu chAy kimlo:;ri trong thai gian
rot hay khi stly lb. Trong thbi gian nay thi bO tan chinh lam voi Ib tho: haL
3. Lo toi cao tlln dilng philt
Hinh 8-12 la sa dd 10 te:.i cao t<in voi tlin s6 440kHz 2,5%
vong aJll'lt t/ilO Mi cu(>n day L2 va t\l Cl v(j"i cu(>n ngan ml;lch chinh
cl'lng su!1t Ll. Cutin Ll c6 thA' dieu chinh tron cOng su!1t rna kh6ng thay di'li tlin 56
dong d 440kHz va cd kfch thudc r!1t nh6 .. Dillu chinh c6ng suilt nM thay deli vj trl
tl10ng ddi Clla Ll d6i voi L2.
Ml;lch vong tai cd ap ap voi cac cu(>n L5 -;- L 7 va cac t\l C3 -;- CB cd
thA' thay d6i s6 dung nM cac dao Bl -;- B6 M dam baa tAn 96 dong
trang gioi 440kHz 2,5% (llkHz). Voi cac tMng s6 khac nhau cua vong cam
114
," 15uuT -8
'.

osr J
ffinh 8-U. so 136 16 tfli cao tlln P "" 63kW tlln s6 440kHz.
ung L7, gia tf; bQ tl,l C3 + C8 clin thay d6i cac thOng sO: Illi,lch vang tAi phiI hOp
vlli cac tMn-g sO: m(lch vtlng anOt va phil hOp vlli d lam cua den phat.
ap phAn h6i rai trf!n tl,l C2 va c6 the chlnh tran tti sO: nhb' dich chuyen
vong ngdn L4 trong cun L3.
d" nung cUB. 10 dUQc, khOng phAi tu luo:i den phat DF rna bang thay
d6i ap anOt c!p tu chlnI! luu cl1u 3 pha cO den min 0 bang cac den tiratron D 1
+- D7. Dih chlnh ap chinh luu tu 0 giA tri dinh muc nhb' thay ddi gec
khil1n cAc tiratron cO di(!u khil1n D4 + D7.
Sa d6 dAm boo 6n d,nh ap anOt" trong vi 0,75 + 0,85 gia tn dj.nh muc
vlli sai s6 (1 + 2)% khi ap lUlli dao dQng (10 + 15)%. lubi cac den D4
+ D7 d6ng thbi 2 .ap.
ap duang m"t chi4u tru:lIc Illy tu chlnh luu diOt Up D9. Ngu6n chlnh luu
dUQc c!p tu b" 6n tip sAt tu qua cae ap nglu 3BA va lip 2BA. ap
nay khOng phl,l thtiQc vAo dao d"ng cua ap htlli va khi thay d6i ap nay se
di@u ch1nh duc;Jc di(!ln ap ra c!p cho anOt den DF.
ap Am m"t ch.i@u Illy tu 2 den chlnh h1u D8 khOng 6n ap va lip xoay
Illy tu ap 1BA Hai thanh phlin nay thay d6i tl vlli lip lulli. Khi
ap lulli giAm se lam gl.am ap khien va g6c khien a bi giAm, dAn tbi
ap ra cua cac tiratron ta.ng gift tri s6 6n dinh. Khi lip lu6:i tAng thl
ngt1Qc l(li. tbanh phlin nay ch6ng.lJ;t.i ilnh huang Clla S1,i' thAng giang ap luoi.
Kh6a chuyen d6i K cho pbep dong chlnh luu anOt thea sd d6 3 pha hlnh tia (nan
nua chu kl) trong giai dO/iln chl.nh Ib hay thea SCI d6 c/tu 3 pha (nAn 2 nua chu kl)
trong giai dO(ln lam blnh thub'ng.
4. Tbie't bi cao \lIn M ion boo khi
Hinh 8-13 cho sa do cua thHft bi nay.
115
M?ch vang tai t?O bOi cUOn cam ling L4 va t1,l chAn khOng Cll. KhI ion
Ma, kh( th6i qua L4 se dUQc d6t nong boi tn1ang tu, bi ion hoa. Phuong phap
nay di! khI ion -hoa trong m(>t s6 cOng nghii;!p dung mlH h6 quang trong la hO
quang plasma
-1804
r-,-- ---------- ------,
, , I
I
4,
-1E-"-'--+-J I
I
,
MgCh ,
,J,iitKhIM
nitld
,
I
J
,
,
rf41IJ I
IDnh 8-13. Thifl bj GaO t:in de ion h6a khi.
M?ch vong anOt t?O Mi cut';m L3 cO cun dH!u chlnh cOng sui!t L2 vA t1,l CB.
Cac to khac IA cuQn phan h6i L5 co thay d6i tIi s6 phan h6i nha cun ngan
m?ch L6 vA cae t1,l pbAn Mi C9, ClO.
Cae t\l C 1 + C5 lA t\l ngAn ml;iCh tn,i'C tii!p dao dOng cao vlli da:t.
Den phat DF dUQc dIp ngu6n d6t catOt tit dn ap sAt tit 6ST qua ap 2BA. Cac
cUQn L7, L8 vA t1,l C6, C7 trong m?ch s d6t dung di! cMng 8\1 thAm cac dao
dl;ing cao tl1n 5,8MHz vA cac song hoa cao vAo lulli.
Chinh luu an6t t?O hOi c4u 3 pha co den nan 0 blng eae den tiratron D 1 + D7 va
den d\1,tru DB. B(l lQc Lll - C12 dung san bAng dbng chlnh luu m?ch.
Khoa chuyi!n ddi K co tae d\lng nhu sO d6 a hlnh 8-12.
Cac role dong c\1'c dl;ti R1, R2 a ml;iCh so ca:p ap 1BA M.o khi cO 8\1' cd
(qua tai, ngtin m?ch) a so d6 c4.u. Cae rale R3 d anOt va R4 d m?ch lulli den
DF de M.O den khi d(l lAm sai
5. Thiet bi cao tan gia nbiet chAt ditn m6i
Den phat DF (Hlnh B-14) lAm d ch@' dQ t\1' .ldch mAc thea sa d6 hlnh T co phan
h6i dung giua anOt va. ludi (so d6 catOt chung). ap anOt dUQc ca:p qua b(J 19C
bdi cae tv. Cl, C2, C3 v!\ 2 cuOn L1, L2, d!\m bao gia.m cac thanh pha.n cao ta.n
cua ap anOt dgn muc cho phep. Ta":n s6 phat trong gilli h{lD (13,56 l%)MHz
116

IIT*-::Tdi
II Ipin
II yiir
" '
'I
I
'I
- I
I
I
I
,
.- J_" __ J
, ,''C--TJ
'-------
Hlob 8-14. Thiet bi gia (lien mOi bAng d6ng cao
yang dao dng g6m t1,l C14 cO dung thay ddi du:gc, cUOn dAy an6t t4, t1,l
C5 mi't khi diD co th{!' bAng thanh n6i, phidd (feeder) d6ng tr\1c va t\l
li'tm (khong vI':! td!n sCI d6).
'8\1 phil hQp den phat vtli tAi th\lc bAng s\1 thay ddi dung tl,l C14, cuQn
anOt L4 va khi din thit, M.ng cam kM.ng cr mf,lch yang tAi (khOng ve tren sd d6).
ap cIao dOng tl,t kfch hOi cun L5 co chinh trong mf,lch lu:cri - catOt.
PhAn chla cae trumh pha:n dong 1 vol xoay trong h.16'i va m!;lch
doge dAm baa bdi c4c cUQn L3 va L6 vA tl,l phAn li C4, C6 tUClng dng. CAe t1,l C7
vi'l C8 d{!' thoat cae thi'inh phM cao Urn Clla lip anOt xu6ng diit. CUQn L 7 baa t\l
lAm kh6i di/i:n ap cao vOn mQt trong tru'bng hgp t\l phAn Ii anOt C4 bi danh
thung. Cae t1,l C9 w. CIO "kh6a" cae tro ch6ng (dao dng) ki sinh Rl va R2.
tip ca:p eho sQi d6t DF It'l:y to bin tip 7BA qua dn lip slit to OST.
Chlnh luu eao ap bAng cae den tiratran mAc theo Sd d6 c!'lu co den ndn khang 07
vA ellng Ie. den dMu dn ap. Trong so dei, etie den D4, 05, D6 IA cd khiEfn,
con cac den Dl, 02, D3 IA khong khi{!n.
So d6 dam baa tip chlnh luu v6"i sai 2% khi ap lu6"i dao dng trong
gi6"i 10%. 6n ap khang duy trl dUQc khi khOng cd dong taL Qua trtnh
vA 6n dinh lip ehlnh luu tuong nhu so dd hlnh 3-12. Sd d6 eho chtnh
bAng pha.ng ap chlnh luu to 0 dn 10,5kV. Dong, ngdt dao dng cao tfin M.ng each
khien lip chlnh luu caa tip qua dong, nglit lip dUdng vi'to luoi
cac dim co 04 + 07.
Ngu6n ca:p eha cae bien ap sgi d6t den DF vA Dl + 07 (7BA vA SEA) lA 6n lip sat
tit OST.
117
Sau khi dong may clit MC, role 3R co se dong m<,\Ch cho khai dOng tu 4K M
dQng Cd born lAm mat den DF va dip cho 3BA. Khi m1(k lAm mat da
co rdle dong 13R tlic dOng, ddng dEm bao D9 va clio phep bi vAo
lAm
So d6 dip ap ddt SlJi d6t thea 2 cap. Khi An N3, cl)ngtlictd 7K tac dQng, cAp
dong cho 6ST cAp ap muc cha SlJi d6t. Muc sau tl,t dOng dong sau 30s do
role bIlng kep 8R tac dOng, cAp cho cOngtdctd 9K. Sau khi bil!n ap anOt da
co lAm mat vA dli lip sullt thl role ap suAt 14R tlic dOng. Den baa DI0 vA Dll
sang.
, ,
An N4, cOngtlictd 10K se tac dOng, dong m(1ch clip caa ap cha chmh htu khda. Den
bao D12 vA D13 sang. An tip N5, ap tl,f ngAu 6BA co qua tip thubng
rna cua role llR. Den baa D14 sang baa da dong dao dOng caa Rdle 12R cung cO
vA Bau mQt thbi gian ngdt m(1ch role llR. Khi do dip cha ap 6BA
bi clit vA daa dOng caa ta:n bi cdt. Thbi gian duy trl cua 12R tuong ung thbi gian gia
cOngo
Di4!iu khi@"n tv C14 nhb cac nut Nl vA N2 d@" dOng Cd Ml quay t1,l.
Dung bi thl tien hAnh thea thao tac ngulJc
'. lR vA 2R Iii cac role dong cl,fc baa ngdn m(1ch. Cac til!p dii!m thubng dong
cua chung se cAt cOngtActa 10K.
Bllo qua tBi m(1ch an6t den DF bang role dlmg c\tc c41i 17R Bllo chI! d() tlnh
cUa luai den DF role dong c\tc d(1i 15R vll dong c\tc tii!u 16R.
118
'.
,
PHAN 111
TRANG BI OlEN
. .
OIl;N TO MAYHAN OIl;N
Chu:ung 9
KHAI CHUNG
nay han IS. mot c!'lng ngh(! dUQc dung rng rAi trong c6ng trong
xlly d1,1ng va trong ctmg nghi(!p cht1 may.
Vu cua M.D di(jn :
1. Ti@'t ki(!m dUQc nguyl!n U(!u 80 voi cae phuong philp gia c6ng kMc (so vai taD
dinh 5 + 10% ; so voi phuong phap due Mn 40%).
2. Cd dQ Mn Cd h9C chat ltiQng mdi hAn Mt.
3. GiS. thanh h<;l, nc1ng suat
4. COng ngh(! dOn gUm.
5. Cai thi(!n dUQc di(!u ki(!n lAm vi(!c cho cOng nM.n va tll dQng hoa.
9.1. PHAN LOAI cAc PHUONG PHAp HAN
PhAn 10l;1i mOt each tdng thi! cae phuong phap di(!n nhU tr@n hlnh 9-1.
Hlltn h6
quang
I
Han
Han ti@"p
xuc
\
Him tay HAn t1,l dng HAn digm Hlm ndi
\ HAn dUtlng I
"
"
/
,
'"
"
Duai lap Trang ga Mt dii!m Hai digm
trQ dung bao v(! hai mt
Bloh 9-1. PMn cae phl10ng phap hAn dln.
119
'.
9.2. cAc YEU CAU CHUNG
DOl val NGUON HAN HO QUANG
1. ap kMng tBi du ltm dg m6i duqc h6 quang.
Khi ngu6n him Iil mOt viii c\1c Iil :
- kim Domin'" (30 -:- 40)V
- diOn C\.e than Domin (45 + 55)V.
Khi ngu6n han Iii xoay
Uomin = (50 + 60)V
2. Dam hila an toAn hie lAm a eM' dO lAm cllng nhl1 a eM" d nglin
lAm B(H s6 dong ngAn kMng dllQC quA ll:ln.
trong do : AI - bQ,i s6 dong nglin ml;lch
Inm - dong ngAn [Al
I
dm
- dong hAn dinh mile [A].
3. Ngu6n hAn phai co c6ng sullt du 16n.
(9-1)
4. Ngu6n him phlli cd khA nAng dit1u chinh dUQc dong hAn; vI nhu: ta da. dong

eau
Ih (40 + GO)d
trong do : Ih - dong hAn [A].
d - dubng kinh que him [mm].
(9-2)
5. DUbng d(1C dnh ngoAi (hay ron gQi 11\ d$.C dnh V6n-Ampe) cua ngu6n han phAi
dap I1ng thea tung lOl;li phuong phap hlm.
a. Ngu6n him dung cho phuong phAp him h6 quang bAng tay phAi co dubng tinh"
ngoAi d6c.
h. Ngu6n hAn dung cho phuong phAp hAn h6 quang tv dQng phAi co dubng tfnh
ngoru ct1ng.
9.3. Hi;: SO TIEP DIi;:N CUA NGUON HAN
May him IA hi lilm a ngAn hliln Thbi gian lAm dAi
nbat clla may hAn Ii thbi gian han mQt que hiln (C;). Thbi gian nghI ngAn nh<'l"t
la thai gian du thay que bAn vi!!. m6i dUQc h6 quang <t;).
120
'.
D6i vlii ngu6n han dung cho hAn h6 quang d(lng, thbi gian lam vi(!c d9.i nM:t
la thbi gian him mQt lO han :m.ay ; con thai gian nghi ngiin nha:t la
thbi gian du M thay 10 di(!n han va m6i dUQc h6 quang.
Ngu6n han h6 q uang cO tudi th9 lam cao khi mAn :
Q
1
= Q, (9-3)
trong dd : Q} = 0,24I
2
RC
1
- nhi(!t lU'Qng tDa ra k.hi hAn viti thbi gian la Ct.
Q
2
= kCC; + t;) - lU'Qng toa ra mOi trubng xung quanh trong ml)t
chu kl lam vi(!c Tell = C; + t;.
k - h(! s6 d(t.c trung cho cM' d(l toa cia ngu6n han.
T{nh ml)t cach gin dung cO coi M 86 k htiu nhl1 khOng ddi k = const. Tu: bieu
thuc (9-3) ta co :
0,241'RC; = k(C; + t;l
(9-4)
,C; k
1 C; + C, = 0,24R = const
(9-5)
C;
trong do : ti s6 -C;--'+'-c,' dl1Qc tmng h(! s6 TD% Iii h(! s6 di(!n tU'crng
d6i cua ngu6n han h6 quang.
TD% =
C;
C; + c,' 100%
(9-6)
(9-5) tra thanh
(9-7)
Elo do. khi lam vi(!c 0 chI! d(l kha.c vlii chI! dQ ghi nhan cua ngu6n han thi phAi
dnh It;U dbng hAn "dng vlii s6 til!p cua ngu6n han. Vi d1,l : Trl!n nhAn ngu6n
han ghi cac chi 86 sau
I
dm
= 300A ; TD%dm = 70%.
Nl!u din dung vlii I = 450A tnl TD% la :
'12 . TD% ::: TD%dm.


TD% = 70% (450) = 31%.
121
'.
Chuong 10
,
CAC NGUON HAN HO QUANG
10.1. cA.c NGUON HAN HO QUANG XOAY CHIEU
Ngu6n han h6 quang xoey thU'ong dung tip han vi co nhung l.1u digm nOi
sau :
- Dl! chl1 gitt thanh
- Co thl1 ra dong di(;n Um.
lip han pM nhlIt IS. bi@'n tip han mQt pha, co khi Is. be pha. ThOng thl.1ong
may bi@'n ap M.D ba pha dung cho him. eilu may bin ap han thU'ong
ch@' thea hai kieu :
+ May bin lip han vai tit thOng tan binh thU'ong : no dU'Qc ch nhl.1 hai thie"t
ril!ng Ie, Iap rAp trong mo:?t vo hl;ip chung, g6m mqt bin ap han va mQt CUOD khang.
+ May bin, ap him v(!i tit thOng tan tli.ng Cl.10ng, dl.1Qc ch thea cae kieu sau
- co cuOn thu cdp di dQng
- cd son tit
- chinh thea C<'lp
1. ap han co cUQn khang ngoai
Bin lip han
nAy, ngoAi
lEli tMp chinh
cua may bin
ap, cOD cO m9t
Cd et1'u ph\! gQi
III cun kba.ng
ngoai. (hl.nh
10.1). Thay d6i
khe h{J trong
tu cua
cun khAng ,
lnnb 16-1. So d6 nguyen H bi n ap han co cun khang ngoai:
ngoili, cO
hQ dnh ngoru cua may lip han (hl.nh 10.2)
- Khi khOng (10-1)
trong des : Do - lip khOng tAi [V]
O
2
- lip tho cl1p cua may ap V.
122
1/
I
1"(11)
mnb 10-2. Ho d(ic tinh ngohl eua may ap
han c6 cuQn kMng ngoai.
- Khi cd t8.i :
02 = U
hq
+ Dck
(10-2)
trong do : U
hq
- tip h6 quang
U eJr. - di(!n" lip rai cun khang
Dc!t = 1
2
, rele. + j1l-x
ck
== w LIz (10-3)
Vl r ck rt(t nha co thg b6 qua
trong do : ret. - tra thutln cua cutin
khang x
ck
- di(!n khang eua cun khting.
T1'Ong quti trlnh lam vi(!c, Iz ta.ng lam cho
Uck ding ap hiS quang U
hq
giam.
Khi dong 12 tAng Mn tri 86 12 = In,m Un,m
- dong di(!n ngAn thl di(!n tip h6
quang bhng khOng CU
hq
= 0)
U,
Khi d6: = I
n
.
m
= wL 00-4)
Nhu ta da. ti1 tra ttt: Rm ti
nghich vCli di(!n cam L. Do khi ta.ng khe ho ml;lch tu s, tu trd mQ.ch tu RID tAng,
din cam L giam va dong di4;!n ngAn m:jl.ch I
n
.
m
UI.ng l!;n. Vdi each tren ta co
dl1Qc h9 d!).c tinh ngoai Mnh 10-2:
2. May bien ap haD hOn hQp
Loe.i may tip him nAy, tit
cUa cuQn kha.ng co quan hi';! tt'l,{c
tu chinh (hlnh 10-3).
chinh khe h(j mQ.ch tu a, ta
nhf).n duQ'c hq tinh ngoAi nhu tr'(!n
hlnh 10-4.
- Khi kMng tdi
Do :. D2 + D
ct
(10-5)
Khl thay ddi khe blJ tu a, lI
ct
tbay dlSi rum lIo thay dlSi (0'0 = var)
r- II{
r-
!
I
w'


.
"l

- Khi cd tru., lip roi tran cuQn -lftlh 10-3. Sd dO nguyen II rrily ap him kit.u bOn hOp.
v. 1M dip cUa biin ap hAn bAng ,
(10-6)
lip h6 quang bhng
D
hq
= D2 + Dele. - Dr == D2 + Dek - + x
ck
)
(10-7)
Khi dong i2 tang Mn trj 86 12 = lrun thl lip h6 quang bAng khOng
(D
hq
= 0). Luc nay dong ngtin :
D2 + Dek.
I =
nm x
2
+ xck.
(10-8)
123
/I

IM11 Inml I""'J I
IDnh 10-4. Ho d6c tLnh ngooi eua
may bitn Ap hitn kieu h6n h"p.
Tuang ling vlli cae hi s6 kh6.c nhau cua khe
ha mli\ch til: a, ts dUQc hq tfnh ngoi'ti
cua may bign Ap han nhu hl.nh 10.4.
Kbi khe ha tu x tAng, tii: tra m(l,ch tu
RM ti'mg, cam L giam, dong ngdn
Inm tAng len.
3. May bien ap haD co shunt tu
May bign Ap han co shunt tit' dUQc gioi
hinh 10-5
Shunt tu 4 dUQc lAp gifta cu!)n dAy sd e<'I:p va
thL1 CflP cua may bign lip han. Shunt tic co the di
chuyl1n sAu vao keo ra kh6i hai cu!)n dAy.
BAng c:ich di shunt tt.: ta co the t:;J.O ra
h9 dnh ngoAi cua may bien ap han.
10.2. cAc NGUON HAN HO QUANG MOT CHIEU
Ngu6n him h6 quang
dUQc dung lam ngu6n hAn cho may
han h6 quang dQng, ban t\t dQng
va han h6 Quang bAng tay. N gu6n
han h6 Quang mQt co hai :
- Btl bien dt'Si quay (may pMt hAn
m()t
- BO d6i tInh (bO chinh h1U).
Mt\y phat hAn mOt duc;Jc chia
ra cae lOl.li nhll ad d6 hinh 10-6.
Tuy thu()e vAa ctlu, diu t.(lo ella
+
I
I
+
+
Y

-
1-1
r
.:j
"
+
may pht\t han mOt ae c6 hQ Hlnh 100S. May bitn Ap hB.n c6 shunt tlr
z
tJnh ngoai dele, pang h6n hlJp. 1- Mpch til .. 2- Cu9n sa clip; 3 - Cu;5n tM cl1p ; 4 - Shunt /U,
May pht\t
hAn -mOt

Truydo
Kfch Kfch
L'p
Lip
MO'

Ol'
01
dOng dOng
" "
trong trong
d'o d'o
,;
dOng
,bMg bkng
dOo song mOt hai
hOn hOo
I -dinh
dOng dOng cd
I,p song
"
" cd ddt trong
Hlob 10-6. Phan mAy phat han m(\t chi6J.
124
'.
May phat him mQt dl1Qc sir dvng rng rAi nMt IA may phat M.n mOt
co dui'fng tinh ngoai d6c dUQc theo ba kigu chlnh sau :
1) May phat M.n mOt kich ttl dOc l$.p co cuOn khu tit n6i
2) May phat hAn mOt kich tir song co cuOn khu: tir noi tigp.
3) May phat han m(lt co ct,1"c tir reo
1. May phil! han m(it chieu
a. Mdy phlit han mt)t kich tfi dt)c l.p
co cut)n khu til n6i titp (hl.nh 10-7)
May pha.t hAn nay c6 hai cu(ln kich tu :
cun klch tu dQc l(ip W 1 dl1Q"c cl{p dif;n tu ngu6n
mQt dc co dillu chtnh dong kich
tu bang chit ap VR va CUl)n khu tu n6i
W
2
di"lu n6i tiep voi phAn tl:ng cua may phat.
Tli thOng l sinh ra tron.g cun W
l
ngliQc
vai tu thOng 2 sinh Ta hung cu(ln W
2
. Tu
themg 2 ti voi dong dif;n hAn.
Nhu khi kh6ng tAi, tit thOng 2 = 0 vii
sU"c di(!n dng cua may phat bing :
(10-9)
Trang do : Ke - a6 c!'lu t!;lO cua may phat
1 - ttl th6ng sinh ra trong cun WI
w - t6c dO quay cua tl:ng.
Khi cd tAi
Hlnb 10-7. May phat Mn mOl chilli
kich III dOc H)p co run khu III n6i tie:p.
(10-10)
Trang d6 : RF - di(!n tro cua may p.hat
Dfi chinh dong hAn va tf;lo ra hQ dnh ngoru cd hai cach :
. - DiElu chI-Db thO tktg n:u;u:h eM thay d6i s6' vtlng day cUa cu(ln W 2 9tinh la-Sa)
- ch1nh tinh bAng ap VR thay d6i dOng If!ch ttl: In cUa may pluit (blnh lo-Sb)
u
u
>
Item I IAmJ I
I
0)
6)
MInh 10-8. HQ tinh Tlgoai vii liM di!u chinh cUa rMy him 1 chi6.L.
125
'.
b. May phM hem, mOt kich til song song c6
cuOn khiL til n6i tiep
Sd diS H ella may phat him nay duge
hinh 10-9.
Mliy phat hEm cO hai eun dtly : eul;m kleh tu song
song WI va eUQn khu tu n6i tiep W
2
, H9 tinh ngoai
vA ehinh dong him tlldng tv nhu ml,le a.
c. May phut han mt)t chieu c6 Cl!C tii re
Sa do If eua may phat han mOt co
tu re dllQC bit'!u hinh 10-10.
May phat hAn mQt co cl,l'c tu re t(iO ra
tinh ngoAi d6e do tae dl,J.ng khu tu cua ttl thOng sinh
ra trong cUQn day phan ung cua may phat (phAn ung
phan ling), May phat co hai euOn kich tu ; cuOn kieh
tu ehinh WI va eun phl,J. W
2
. May phlit cO 4 eVe til
N i' N
2
, S1' 8
2
, va ba nhom eh6i than A, C, Z.
may phat ki!'u nay khac v6:i hai may phat ke' 1il
cVc to eung cvc tinh sap xep mQt phIa, Tr@n dllbng
trung tinh AC li"1y lip ra
U
AC
= U
hq
1/11
C
I'

A
&
+
+
oj
WI
W2
mnh 10-9. So d6 nguyen Ii may pM!
him rn(\1 chifu kich tU song song
c6 mOn khu tU n6i tiep
(10-11)
NI
d
S2
s,
b)
Blnb 10-10. May phat him mQI Chi1!u c6 qJc IU Ii,
lip Ucz Hty ra hai chdi than C va Z Ia hai chdi than phl,J.. M6i dOi cl,l'c
cung cVc tinh dugc coi nhu ml)t cVc to.
- Khi kh13ng tai : do tac dl,J.ng tlldng M cua tu thOng dge. d vA tu th13ng ngang n'
cae chdi than xuat lip
U
AZ
= Cd'd vA U
cz
= Cnn (10-12)
126
Suc dng Mng Clla may phat bAng
E
AC
= V
Az
+ Vez = CriPd + CrlP
n
(10-13)
- Khi co tai : cd dong di(ln ph\! chay trong phttn ung cua may phat. Tli thong do
dong ph\! chay trong pha:n !lng sinh ra co cung vOi ttl thOng ngang
n va vbi ti't: thOng dQc d' Cac thanh ddn' clla phan ung trong cac goc
phan tu ADZ va. DOC, l'a ttl thOng bil tMm cho ttl thOng trong cuOn kich tti chinh
W l' Cac thanh dtin Clla phtin ung trong cae goc phtin tu ZOC va ADD ra ttl
thOng nguqc chieu voi tli: thOng trong cun kich ttl ph\! W
2
.
Khi co tai, do tac dl,lng khiJ: tic cUa ti't: thong dQc d va do phan ung phan ung nen
.
U AZ = Cct<d - PI1) (10-14)
Trong do : pl1 - ttl thOng do phan ung phan ung sinh ra.
ap U
ze
hau nhu khOng tang vi ttl da bao hoa U
ze
= Cn.n = const. Nhu
ap kich tu Hiy hai cMi than C, Z khOng ph\l thuc vao s1,1 dOng Clla
ph\! tai, can ap lay hai ch6'i than A, C thay ddi theo ph\! taL

Khi dong han tAng, phan ung phtin ung tang lam cho ap V AC giam xu6ng. Khi
'. m!,lch, tU th6ng pl1 tang nhanh va. Ion hOn ttl thOng dQc d' ap V AZ ngtlqc
voi ap U zc va ap V AC = 0
U AC = Cn(n - pu) = Cdd - IRu = 0 (10-16)
2. Ngnlln ban mill cbien dung b(i cbinb lun
81,f phat Clla kI ban dAn cOng sulit lOn dA dua ra ung d\1ng cua
. no trong ngu6n hAn mot Ngu6n hAn mt chieu dung b chinh htu cd nhung uu
sau dAy so vbi may phAt han mot chieu :
- Chi nAng luc;Jng cao
- Khong CO" phlin q1:18Y
- sUlit. caD, chi phi v$n ha.nh, bAa du(Jng vA saa chua tMp.
Ngu6n hAn mt chieu dung b chinh luu g6m hai bO ph$n chinh : may bH!n ap ban
vA b chlnh luu. N gu6n hAn m.t chieu dung hi) chinh htu dUQc chI! thAnh cae
nhu trful sd d6 phAn 10(li a hinh 10-11.
----------=
/
"

Ch Ch
Dung Dung
Khong C6
mt ba dieu
ph. ph.
di6t

Hiob 10-11. Cae bAn dien mOt chifu dung bO ehinh hru.
127
'.
-
eK
Sa
---1 Y v
BAli
---.
CL

if

I 1l
II
eM
Minh 10-12. Sd 116 kh6i bO chlnh hill him co di6.L khien BAY - 500.
BAH - Bien dp hdn ba pha ,. CL - Khr5i chlllh lliu hlnll lia 6 pha co khitn ;
CK - Cu(jn khdng fpc.
+
Ma:y nilm ga:n dAy,
---i .BAit ,..w
r "" I
.+ nhi@u nuCJc thU:bng chI!
tf}.O ngu6n han h6 Quang
mt vf}.n na.ng. Do
IS. ngu6n han mQt chi@u
dung b chfnh luu cd
tf}.O ra he)
d(\c tinh ngohl phu hQp
v(Ji co. ba dO han h6
Quang: bAng tay, t\l' dOng
vA ban tlj dOng. Sa d6
kh6i cua ngu6n hAn mOt
dung be) chlnh luu
cO B.z:lY - 500
dUQc tren
hlnh 10-12.
t
_IUDX
1
.
if T)(
,
KN
I
k-.rs
I lUi,\.
IrDF
if ifC
111<'4
ra hQ dnh
Hlnh 10-13 Sd d6 kh6i m;lch di6.L kh!en CUB. BW _ 51)0. ngmli d6c dung cho ch
d hAn he'S Quang bang
tay, trong m$ch di@u kh6) chlnh h:ru co phan h6i Am dong COD dung
cho d han h6 Quang tv: dQng c6 fflf}.ch phAn h6i Am lip.
Sa d6 kh6i cua di@u chinh h:ru dt!Qc hlnh 10-13.
Trang cd cAe khAu : kh6i ngu6n c1lp KN cho
khdu d6ng pha KDF, kM.u dn dliu vao KKD, khllu so sanh va thai
phAt xung KSS, khllu tQ,o xung KTX, va kbAu khulkh xung KKDX.
128
VR
'.
R,
R2
So d6 nguy@n H m$ch l\tc cua b chlnh luu B,IJ;Y - 500 d1.iQc dilin
hlnh 10-14.
"
SAil
.If Th1
+
'ff
Tnl
IA
*
.
:t:J

Tn,
Is
--;:
...!2.!S....
\ <KCB.
S
2 A
Th
.
Ie
p-- .'
B
Th'
..
c
Tn< FilA FIID
Hlnh 10-14. Sd d6 nguytn Ii Ill.!)ch h,!c B,l:tY - 500.
Ml;lch l\lc bao g6m mOt mQy bin tip BAH, cun khting cAn bling CKCB, b chinh
11.iu g6m 6 thyristor Thl + Th6, cuOn khting IQc CK, shunt R
sh
' SCI d6 nguy@n If
mliJ,ch dil1u cua B,IJ;Y - 500 d1.iI;lC hlnh 10-15. (vE!i cho pha A)
+
C
Re
R5
C
3
f
DOl.' 1,
R'2
I>;)
V0
3

.lR
II
- Vo,J
R6
DO'.2 .11 L-
0013
1
,/ T,
R'3
I
R,
*
8
Rg
R3
VR2C,
f'V02
L,
RI4
R7
TitFHO VO,
Tit FHA
.
.
-L
'\
. --.
HJhh 10-15. Srj d6 Ii diru B,l:tY - 500.
KhAu d6ng pha IA' mOt bil1n tip d6ng' phs rnA phia thd' clip cd 6 cuOn dAy. D(!, dil1u
khi(!'n cho m6i phil, tin hi(lu d6ng pha h1y II hai pha nhu sau :
tip pha A B C A B' C'
tip d6ng pha c6 oc b8 Cb ac bo
KhAu t6ng hQp tin vA dlili tin hieu du vila dung khul1ch totin
K553Y,IJ; lA. KhAu so sAnh vA tlilo thbi pMt xung dung trigtl R-S d1.iQc du thAnh
ttl hai phn to' vA - DAD dung vi mlilch DD1:1 DD1.2.
KhAu sila xung dung vi DD1.3, cOn khAu khulkh dIP xung IA transistor Tl.
9 TBElOT -A 129
'.
10.3. MAy HAN HO QUANG Til DONG
VtJi 8t,l' phat tridn cua kl ngM, gia cOng sAt tMp bAng phudng phap hAn, Iii
trong ngimh cOng tf}.O tAu bin, may bay, may keo V.v ... v(i:i cOng ngh hAn
tay co nhl1QC :
- NAng 8U!t th!p, gia thAnh coo,
- ChA:t hlgng m6i hAn khong dn dtnh, phl,l thul)c VBo toy ngM vA lam
cua cOng nhAn.
- T6n hao que han Usn.
Vbi cOng ngh hAn h6 quang tt,l' dQng, nhftng nhllQ'c se dl1gc khAc
Tuy dAm baa cho ngQn Iua h6 quang chay 6n bAa m6i hAn kh6ng bi
khOng kh! xAm tht,l'c lA v!in khOng dan gian. giAi v!in do, nay
thl10ng dung hai phuong phap :
- him h6 quang t\1 dong dum 16"p trg dung
- hAn h6 quang tt,l' dOng trong khf baa
Hlnh dang t6ng th cua may hAn h6 quang tl,t dng A,IJ;e - lOOOT dl1Qc hiu
blhh 10-16.
Hloh 16-16. han hO quang 11,1 dQng AJJ.C- IOOOT.
1- Xe 11,1' MilA; 2 - Dliu hall I dng;' 3 - Xd ngllng; 4 - BdTrg dilw khiln ; 5 - Co edu quay.
mAy hAn co hai M dQng :
- dQng dQng dity vila vilng hAn.
- dQng di ehuyn xe hAn
Trang quA trlnh lAm mAy hAn dam bAo cAe thao tAc han : m6i h6 quang, duy
trl ngQn lua hIS quang ehAy 6n djnh -trong quA trlnh hAn, da:y vAo vung
hAn, di ehuyn xe hAn, quay d4u han, ea:p eha:t tTt:;l dung vAa vung hAn v.v ...
130
'.
truyAn dOng tdn mAy him h6 quang t\1 d(lng cliu chinh t6c d l!m,
vi dit1u chinh t6c d Wi 0 = 10 : l.
Sa d4 kh61 cda hO troyAn dOng t\1 dOng <My c\1c vAo viIng hAn duc;fC dil!n
hlnh 10-17.
/Ie
JJ
11

1<:,1,:l

T
Kf
UTr
I
.....b-."
KJ
XI XJ 1fT
----0 -,..,. ,..

Hlob 10-17. Sd dO kh6i he lruyen dOng d4y dien qlc vAo vung Mo.
chinh t6c d dd:y c\1c vAo vilng hAn nhb: b(l bit1n d6i dung thyristor. Thay
dlH chMu quay cua dOng CO M bA.ng hal cOngtActo K} vA Kz. th6ng 00 hal ch d
lAm vililc : cht1 d(l lAm t\1 d(lng TD vA chinh HC. Thay d6i hai ch d bA.ng
chuyln CM. .
1. Iruyen djeb eye dung m6y ph6t - eO (F-D)
Trl!n hlnh 10-18 IA b$ truyt1n dOng dd:y diOn c1,l'c vAo vung hAn cua mAy hAn h6
quang t1,l' dOng dung M F-D. DOng CO Dl truyl!n dOng quay C$.p con IAn dd:y c1,l'c
vAo vilng hAn duqc clIp ngu6n tu mAy phAt mOt chiAu dl)c bi$t F.
MAy phAt mOt chit1u cd hai cu(ln klch tu KTF 1 vA KTF2. Sdc tu dOng sinh ra
trong hai cu(ln k{ch tu ngu'c;fc chil!u nhau. So d6 dUQc thit1t k sao cho trong ch d(l
lAm dn djnh sdc tu dOng trong cun KTF2 Ibn bon sdc tu dOng sinh ra trong
cun KTFl. Khi chua mdi h6 quang, til: thOng sinh ra trong cun KTF2 Ibn nh.!lt
dOng co quay nhanh thea chil!u dua di$n c1,l'c xu6ng dl m6i h6 quang. chinh
t6c d dich c1,l'c bA.ng chit Ap R. Khi bAt d4u hAn, b.!lm nut me, mAy -M\
cOngtdcto dOng 11,l'C KC dong ngu6n c.!lp cho mAy bin Ap hAn. Nu truck khi Mm
nut "Mft. c1,l'c da. chQ,m vAo chi Ut. dOng co D sli quay thea chil!u nAng
c\1c. ngc;m lua h6 quang phAt sinh. Do 8\1 khu tu cda cun KTF2, dOng co d6i chil!u
quay dd:y c1,l'c vAo vilng hAn. Khi mu6n dung mAy, lIn nut Mm dung Dl r6i D2.
131
'.

J{{
zeC
MZ
lu
/IA!
,
IIlnh 10-18. dOI1: djch dien Cl,lc dung he F-D.
2. truyl!n d'(Ing dieh dien elle dung M bO bitn doi thyristor - dOng eO (T-D)
He' de.n,g t1,1' dQng chlnh t6c dQ da:y c1,i'c voo rung- hl\n cbt;1c dung
trong may him t\i' dQng vI\. ban t\1 dQng. chlnh t6c de) dQng cO bAng each thay d6i
gdc mll cu.a -thyristor. Djch pbs dn, khi6n du:a vl\o c\i'c dil1u khign cha hai
thyristor BVl, BV2 d1icic 'thimn bhng"cAe ph4n til Ra, VT2 v'I\' 'C1." Be) 'tl?Ol ngullng
m<l IA \lT3, \lT4. Coo ale pMn III C1, VT2, R3,R7, RB '" mQt m> c!!u. CVc g6c B
Cf/.c. pMt E -eUa transistor VTa dUQc nri Wo dubng chW rua: &S. Khi t1,1 Cl duQC
ap phA.n b6 cAe vai c4u ph&i. sao cho thl1'--c1JC phat E cila. VT3 dUdng
han Ul, c1/.c g6c B. Transistor VT3 khda. C4u duQC klf sao cho khi Cl dn
"p iN thl VT3thOng ; dbng IcE clla \ITa lAm .;ho vT4 I/lOng. Di! cho bQ nguang
tin, c$y cdn du:a ap duang vl\o.cf/.c g6c B cUa qua, tra RB, Khi VT3 thOng,
t\l Cl VT3, VT4 lAm ella VT5 thOng. CuQn sa cp cUa bin lip xung T cO dong
chAy qua, phlit xung dllong khign rna, thyristor VS! vI\.
Dg ra si,t tuyl1'n dnh giua t6c dO quay cda dQng co vI\. dn dl)t, trong mli\ch
dA- thiitt kit dg cho t\l Cl thea ngu6n dong vI\. di(jn lip tr(!n t\l 11\. tuyn dnh.
T\l Cl qua 1 phin tu phi tuyitn vr2. ap USE cua VT2 dn djnh bhng
di6t dn lip VD2. ,Thbi gian nliLP Cl thay d6i bhng VT! vI\. VT2. Vrl, VT2 da:u chung
qua R3.
132
'.
%f-2
)
lfinb 10-19. Sd 136 di6J chinh t6c 130 dOng CXl djch dien C\IC dung thyristor.
ap khil1'n bl\ng :
-U
dk
= U
d
- U
pH
.
U d - di(!n ap chinh bAng R1. ',-
U FH - di(;n tip h6i lim tip' 'qa. dQng CO Illy'tiL,"R9.
Trang so d6 cung cd tInh pbAn h6i Am di(;n Ap M quang qua.- 4i(!n tra R
vA RPl.
133
'.
ChlEUlIg 11
HAN TIp XUC
11.1. KHAI CHUNG
HAn til1p xuc la. pht1dng pMp han lQi d\lng ung cue. dong chAy qua dil!m
tidp xuc giua. hai tAm kim ra h.1<;lng dlnh hai tAm kim vlli nhau ;
Cd be. IOl(li M.D til1p xu.c blnb :
1. Hi\n : M.D cae ta:m mong, dung t.rong cfmg d6ng tAu, chl1
tl(lO may bay v.v ...
2. HAn n6i : n6i cAe 6ng vA cae thanh kim
3. HAn dubng : hAn cae thilng chuB..
2
hlnh 11-1 gilli Mt ca:u cue. mt may M.D n6i.
blnb 11-2 gilli kA't ca:u cua mt may hAn
hlnh 11-3 gilli k4!t cAu cua mOt may M.D dubng.
7
Hlob 11-1. K6 du dIa mAy him n6i Blob 11-1. Ko!!t diu cUll mAy him diem
1 - Bib, dp hOn .. 2 - Thiln ,. 3 - 81m tnlC1II{10 /lJc
j 4 - GidMcd d,7Ih; 5, 6- CocDIl. tp; 7 -8t(IQ
II /chl TlLn .. 8 -Co ,!Ill t(lO lHI6c cdc diem Iuh
134
1- 2- Biln!\?h/Jn; 3- duoi;
4 -Gid d" die" 'In: rrtn j j - Mby "tin /chI; ,
6- ch(nh IlIOigiOlll chu /c}'hdn;
7 - KhWl8 may; 8 - VOlI difn Ichl j 9 - Apt6m.dL
'.
Hlnh 11-3. Ktt clu cUB. mot may him dllilng
1- Thlin mdy; 2 - Bt)di!u chlnhchu Idhan;3 - [)ngcu.- 4 - 8indpMn: 5 - dprllmdl':6 - 7 - Gw
d4 cllc-duoi; 8 - ellc duoi .- 9 - Die" qtc uln,- 10 - He lhl1ngkhJ nbl tjV Ille tp.- 11 - He rhlJngdilu /chit" file
Cae diu kJ thut),t ddi voi ngu;'n Mn titp xuc :
- Ngu6n dJ:p : 380V ; 50Hz.
- 6.p tht1 cAp khOng tAi Ibn nhAt cho phep 36V ; dil)n lip thA:p nhAt khOng be
han 1,BV.
- Cd kM. nAng chlnh dUQc dbng hAn.
11.2. THONG OIEU KHIEN MAy HAN TIEP XUC
Chu kl hEm ella mAy hAn tiA'p xuc dt nglin. Chl1t lUQng ella m6i hAn phl,l thuc
vila ch(;m dllng' eM' dO hAn. d6 phM yau cd.u dA'n cAe thiA't bi dil1u
mAy M.D :
- Dllm b!\o mllc tV dng b6a cao nMt
- QuAn dnh nh6
- DO nhlilY caD
- D tin c$.y caa.
th6ng cAe quA trlnh d6ng ngu6n hAn, diAu chinh dbng hlln, cl1t
dbng hAn, diAu chinh tht1 t'1,1 vA thbi gian tung thao tAc ella mt chu ky han,
ehlnh thOi gian eho dbng hAn ehl;lY qua hai chi tit1t, ehinh t6c d_ quay ella
135
'.
cam khi tht,t:c hAn dil!'m, di chuyl!'n 6ng trong n6i,
chlnh It,t:c ep coc cl,tc v.v ...
Trang cac may dung cac bi 1 pha : B chlnh
tMi gian 1 chu ki b dong cAt ngu6n, cang lAc to thyristor (hlnh 11-4).
*
Iff
Tid
rhi Rf KJ

,fZ

=i= Cf
'" L

1/2 K1
If
-"
-
''''
&/X
, ,
&/ff
ffinh 11-4. C!'mglActo dung thyristor ella hiln.
Xung khilfn tu BAX. vai tl1n s6 f = 100Hz dua vao c"t,ic khilfn cUa hai
thyristor Thl Th2 ... MQt trong hai thyristor se rna khi coo an6t" duong hon
cua caUSt.
Rl, e1, R2 baa vi'[! cho coc thyristor.
136
'.
PHAN IV
TRANG BI DIEN - DIEN nJ'
.. .
cAc MAy NEN, BdM, QUI:\ T
May nen, bam, qU(l.t 11\ nhftng may ra:t phd bin, dUQc BU: d\mg ra:t rai trong
mqi ngimh cOng cO-ng nhl1 trong dbi seing himg ng!\y.
Trang dlli seing ng!\y, chung ph\l-C V\l lAm mat, thOng thming, ctlp nude, ch(l.y'
tu may hoa dQ ...
Trang cOng chung ph\lc V\l- cho thOng gid, thoat kh6i, thil.i khI thAi, clip nut'k
vA thai nuac d(!' bAa mOi t:n:tllng. dQng cUB bam, qU(lt, may nen trong
cong Anh huang 16n dn cA dAy chuyt1n sAn xullt, dn qua trlnh khit$n, dn
nAng 8ulft may vii. gia tMnh sAn pMm.
Chuong 12
MAy BOM
. 12.1. KHAI NleM CHUNG
Bam Ie. may thuy 11,1c dung hut vA dlty cha:t 16ng tu Dei nAy dl1n Qoi khlk. Cha:t
16ng djch chuyt$n trong dU'bng 6ng bam phAi tang ap suilt chllt 16ng 0 dl1u dUbng
6ng dt$ thAng trO dU'bng 6ng vA thAng lip suflt 0 2 diu dubng 6ng. NAng
iI.1't;Jng bam dip cho cha:t 16ng la:y til: dt;.ng co hOi}c til: cAc ngu6n dt;.ng 11,1c khlic
(mAy n6, mAy hoi nuac, .. )
- Dit1u lAm cua bam ra:t khAc nhau (trong nM., ngoAi trbi, dQ ({m,
dQ v.v .. ,) V!\ bam phAi chju dUQc dnh chAt Ii, hoa cua cha:t 16ng dln
1. PhAn
PhAn bam co nhit1u each.
a) Thea nguyl!n [{ lam vit!c hay cach cdp ndng luqng, cd 2 IOl;li bam:
- Bam dch : bam lol;li nAy khi lAm thl deb khOng gian lAm thay
d6i nhc- dt;.ng tjnh cua pittOng (Ix1m pittOng) hay nhc- dOng quay
137
,rotor (bam rotor). K@"t quA, nang vI\. ap sua:t cha:t 16ng tang nghia II\. bam
cung dlp ap nAng cho chllt long.
- Bam dQng hc;JC : Trong bam IOfiLi nl\.y, chilt long dUQc cung ca:p dQng nang til' bam
vb. ap SUItt tAng Chilt 16ng qua oom, thu d.ttQ'c dOng h1Qng nha va cua cac canh
(bam ly tAm, bam httling trvc) nha ma sat Clla tac nhAn lAm (oom xoay
16c, bam tia, bam cUn dOng, bam vlt xoiin, oom Svc khi), nbC tac dVng cue tru:bng
tu (oom tit) hay cac trttang hlc khac.
b) Phdn IO,!-i theo ctfu t'!-o.
- Bam canh Trong nay, b<1m ly tAm da 86 vA thttbng nha:t.
(bam nttlic)
- Bam pittong (bam nttlic, bam d!u)
- Bam rotor (bam d!u, hOa chAt, bun ... )
Thuc nAy cd bam Mnh rAng, bam canh trttQt (Ia gf}.t) ...
NgoAi re, con cd cac bi(!t nhu: bam ml\.ng cach (bam xAng trong OtO), bam
phun tie chan khOng trong cac bam !lin nhA may ...
2. So dO elie phlln tli cu. mOt M tMng born
Cac ph4n tll Cd bAn mt M th6ng bam nhU: hlnh 12-l.
8
If
1
Hlnh 12-1. So d6 mot he th6ng bam.
1- Dngco leto born (drtgcudi#n, mdynd ... ); 2- Bum;
3 -Lloi ehiJn ,do:: liJp 0 dltiI. dng hIlL mn trong lloi chAn rdo::
thltmge6 Vall mOl ehilu 11.1 eMt lOngehl e6 rht Ill" ngoa; bI I!w
v<lo 6nghw .. 4- Bl hW; 5 - 6nghUt; 6- V(.IfI6ngJlw;
7 - Villi 6ngtMy; 8 - 6ngddy; 9-Bl chUa; 10- Van v.:\dldmg
6ngpMn phdi wi noi tiiu dilng; 11 - Chbn khlJnglrL /Jp (} dltiI.
v<lo bum, do tip sudt eMIr. khlJng do bum tflO Ttl rrongchdlldng;
12 -Ap IrL Mp 0 dltiI. ra eiltJ bom, do tip sudt du eiltJ eltdt Idngra
kMibum.
Bam hut chilt 16ng tit hut 4 qua
dog hut 5 vA dliy chAt long qua 6ng
da:y 8 vAo M chlla 9.
3. Clie thOng ,6 cO bim cu. born
a) Cl)t r1p H (hey ap 9Ua:t bam). Dd
It lU:Qng tAng nAng lu:qn.g cho
dan tr9ng lU:Q'ng cua cMt long
cM.y qua oom (til' hut d@"n
dgy ,bam).
CQt ap H thubng dUQc dnh
met c(lt cha:t 16ng (hay. met cOt nuc'Jc)
dnh ddi ra ap sua:t cua bam
p = yH = pgH (12-1)
trong dd )' - 18. tr9ng lUQng
cua cha:t long duc;lC bam (N/m
3
)
p - Kh6i lUQng chAt long
(kg/m')
g - gia t6c trQng trubng (9,81 m/s
2
)
COt ap H ella bCfTll dung khAc phl,lc :
- dO cMnh ml,i"c cha:t long giua chlla vI\. M hut
Hh+H
d
, [m]
138
'.
- d" ap suit 2 thoang a M hut (PI) be chua (P2)
P:z - PI P2 -PI
Fg , [m)
y
- trc'J h,te thuy Iv:c (USn tMt nang lUQng dan vi.) trong 6ng hUt (Lh
h
) vit 6ng lUty <Lh
d
)
. vi-vi
- de) eMnh ap sullt dOng h9C (dQng nAng) giua 2 m$.t thoang 2g
P2-PI vi-vi
H (H
h
+ H
d
) + + Lhh + Lhd + 2
Fg g
Trl:! lv:e thuy h,te trong 6ng hut 6ng dl1y dnh theo cae eOng thue
trong do
Ahlh
Lhh 2g (ct;;- + L'h)
l.,Id
Lhd 2g (d, + L'd)
: v
h
' vd - v$n t6e chllt lOng trong 6ng hut 6ng dtiy (m/s) ;
Ah' Ad - s6 tro h,te ma sat trong 6ng hut vA 6ng dl1y.
(12-2)
(12-3)
(12-4)
lh' Id' dh' dd - cae di'ii dubng kfnh 6ng hut 6ng dtiy (m).
U
h
, U
d
- t6ng M s6 tra h,te el.le bQ trong 6ng hut vA 6ng dgy.
b) Luu lutmg (ndng Budt). born. Do th deh chit long do bom eung ctlp vito 6ng
dliy trong mOt don vi thbi gian.
Luu luqng Q do bAng m
3
/s, I/s, m
3
!b ...
c) CtJng BU6.t born (P hay N)
Trang mOt t6 may bam, cAn ph!n 3 cOng suit.
- COng sullt viec N
j
(cOng sullt buu Ich) eOng dl1 dl1a mOt lUl;1ng Q eMt lang
ll!Jn dO cao H trong mOt don vi thbi gi- (8)
N, yQH.IO-' , [kW) (12-5)
trong do , y [N/m'), Q [m'/s), H [mJ.
- COng sut t{li tr1,lc bom N (tbubng ghi ohAn bam). COng sullt thubng Ian
hOn N
j
vi co t6n hao ma sAt.
- COng sullt dOng co bam (Ndd' COng swlt n!y thubng IOn hOn N d bu
sullt dOng giua dOng co bom, ra ebn dl,t phbng qua tAi Mt thubng.
N k kyQH .10-', [kWj (12-6)
de 'lId 'ltllld
trong do : k - M s6 dv: phbng
eOng sut bam dubi 2kW ,
2 + 5kW ,
5 + 50kW,
50 + 100kW,
lAy k 1,50
Iy k 1,50 + 1,25
I(y k 1,25 + 1,15
ly k 1,15 + 1,08
139
COng sullt bom trlln 100kW Illy k = 1,05
cllug co tM' Illy M s6 d1,1 phbng
khi Q < 100m
3
/h thl k = 1,2 + 1,3
Q > 100 m'Jh thi k 1,1 + 1,15
'ltd - sullt bQ VOi b dai (cu-roa)' thl 'ltd < 1. COn khi dOng ca
n6i tr1,1c vOi bom thl 'ltd"" 1
Chll j : d cOng thdc (12":'5), y dnh kG/m
3
thl
N;
yQH
[kW] (12-7)
102

N;
yQH
leV, HP, mA 11,1c1
(12-8)

75
d) su& bam ('lb) III t1 s6 giua cOng sullt huu Ich N
j
'va oong sm1t b,ri tI"l,lC 1xnn N.
N;
'lb = N
(12-9)
sullt bam g6m 3 tM.nh phlln
'lb = 'lq'lH'lm
(12-10)
'. trong do : 'lQ - sullt htu hiQng (hay sullt dch) do t6n th1l:t h1u htq:ng
vi rb rL
'lH - sullt thuy hIe (hay sm1t cOt Ap) do bin thlit cQt Ap vl ma
sAt trong nQi bQ bam
'lm - S\lllt 00 khl do tdu thllt vI ma sAt giua cae bO eo kh{ (6
bi, g6i tI"l,lc ... ) v!\ M ngoAi Clla gu6ng dOng (bAnh xe 'cOng tAc) vtri chllt
long (bam ly tAm).
4. D6c tinh cus hom
d m1,lC n!\y ta xem xet dnh bam nhu mQt d6i tttq:ng m!\ dQng co phlli
dQng. Qua do, thlly nhung dAp 1lng mtl dOng co ph!\i cO kbi keo rom. Bom c6 rllt nhil!u
n!n ta chi khAo sat nhling di@'n hlnh, phd nhllt.
a) Bom li Uim
Bam Ii ta.m IA bam dQng hQc, c6 cAnh N6 dUQc sll d1,lnk rllt rng rai va.
dUQc keo blng dQng co Bam Ii ta.m phd vl n6 bom d'uq:c lol;li chllt lOng
khac nhau (nullc nuOc nong, axit, dllu, bun ... ), giAi luu IUQng rQng (tit vai
l/ph vAi m
3
/s), <=cit Ap kem hon pittOng nhttng du dAp 1lug trong rift nhil!u Hnh v1,1c
sAn xullt (tit duOi 1m dn cO 1000 tuang 1lng ap 'sullt 100 at), cI1u t/ilO don giAn,
gQn, chAc chAn vA reo
Bam Ii ta.m (hlnh 12-2) g6m v6 bom 1 c6 df;lng tr6n 6c, tr1,lc 4, gu6ng dQng
(bAnh xe oong tAc) 3 c6 gAn cAc cAnh cong 7, hut 8 vA da':y 9.
TruOc khi bom Ii ta.m, phAi m6i nuOc qua 6ng 10 d@' bu6ng trOn 6c, 6ng hut
5 chda dliy nu6'c (lue na.y xu pAp 11 phla tran lu{:li chAn 6 d6ng do Ap sullt cOt nu{:lc
trong 6ng hut 5). Khi dQng CO keo bam quay, gudng dOng cO cAc cAnh cong ga.y ra 11,1C
140
'.
Hlnb 12- 2. Sd d6 du bdm Ii tam.
Ii tdm liim eh21t lOng trong e6e
rAnh bi va. dlty ra phia
duOi e6e clnh eong viio bu6ng
trOn 6e.
Do tIeh edt bu6ng
tr{)n 6e tAng dlin luu t6e chAt
long giam dAn vii mOt phAn dOng
nAng eua eh21t long bi{!n thilnh ap
nAng, d6n chAt long vila 6ng dliy
NhuQe eua bom Ii tAm
Iii khOng cd kha nAng hut nutle
hie ban d4u (phai m6i) va luu
luQng Q ph\! thlli/e COt ap H
Li vii eho
thliy : khi t6e dO quay n eua
belm gill nguyAn thl cOt 6p H,
eOng su21t N vii suAt 7l la
hilm s6 eoa ll1u Q. Quan
M H H(Q), N N(Q) v'
7l = 7l(Q) gqi lil cae dnh ri6ng
ella bom. Dubng cong H = H(Q)
Q = Q(H) eho bit khA nAng
lam eoa bom n@:n cOD gQi Iii di}e dnh lAm eua bOrn. Hlnh 12-3 eho cae
dubng dnh bam li tAm. H
xel dl)c tinh, N(Q) ta IMy : c<>ng suJ!1 N Ii
cd tti 56 C\le tiu khi htu luqng blng O. Lue nAy 'I
Cd lruyln mAy dAdAng: Do "y, dQng
tI\c hqp Ii khi ma mAy IA 'kh6a van 1 d.l!y
(hlnh 1) cho O. 'Sau inQI Iia, hal phdl
Ihl mhan tr6nh bam Vi> c!;4t i6ng biquA'
n6ng dd cOUg su4t dQng CCJ chuyd'ii hoAn-.toAn: tbAnh
7m;"

Hlob 12-4. Sd d6 bdm pittong.
Hlob 12-3. DUOng dl;ic tinh bam Ii tam.
ntmg. Hon nua, luc ma m6y,
dbng dOng Cd lfln n@:n Q :F- 0 Be
lam dbng khbi dQng qu6 lfIn cO gdy
nguy hil1m cho dQng cO
b) Bom pitt6n.g
Bdm pittOng la bom thl!' tIeh
vfli nguy@:n II lAm ddn giAn (hlnh
12-4).
141
'.
Khi dOng cO quay quanh trl,lc 0, keo theo M thdng - maniven 3, 4 vA chuyt1'n
dOng quay bi@'n thAnh tjnh til1n qua ll;li cua pittong 2 trong xi ll;lnh 1 vtJi
hanh trlnh S = 2R (R lil dM maniven). Hai vi trI gitJi hilnh trlnh cua pittOng
Al vA tuong ll'ng vtJi 2 ch@'t C
I
vA C
2
. Khi pittOng dich sang tnU thl tIeb
bu6ng lam 5 tAng Ap Built ddi cha:t long trong xi lanh giam nho han Ap
sullt mf).t thoAng hut. Luc do van da:y 7 dong II;J;i, van hut 6 bi dliy rna ra vil
chilt long qua dng hut vAo xi lanh. Do Ia giai hut. Khi pittOng dich sang phru thl
tM" dch budng Iilm giAm di, ap 8ulit chllt long trong xi lanh tAng cae. Luc nily
van hut 6 bi dong van dliy 7 bi da':y md ra vil chlit long tu xi lanh ddn vAo dng
da':y. Do lA giai da':y.
Hai giai htlt vil da':y tl;lo tMnh mt chu k.l:
lilm ella bam. Cae ebu kl Mn tJ,IC ndi tip Mau. '1
Qua cach lam vit')lc cua born pittong, ta tMy: Q
- dng hut luOn ngan each vtJi dng dlly II
- dOng cua cha:t long kbOng luu tl
bj dao d/)ng vA h!1u nhu khOng phv. "
vaQ Ap sullt bam).
- Ap suM bdm (ct Ap H) cd tht1' rilt cao (tuong
ung vtJi dQ Mn bdm vA cOng sulit dng CCI keo b<1m..
Vdi cung luu lu"ng nhu nhau thl bdm pittOng II
cdng vA kh6 chl1 (kin, khit) han so vtJi
bOrn Iy tAm. Do d: vung Ap 8Ua:t thllp vA trung IDnh 12-5. OlKlng tlnh b::m pnatlg.
blnh ngub'i ta. It dung' bam pittong, nhung a vung
Ap 8uilt cae va. rllt cao 200 at) thl 41, bam pittOng chil1m uu thl1 tuyt;!t ddi.
(nhu trong dOng bAng dliu, trong voi phun dQng cO trang
h(! thuy khign tr@n may bay ... )
Cac d:;1.c dnh cua bam pittOng cd nhu hlnh 12-5. TU dAy. ta thlly rAng, vtJi
cung mot ct Ap H, luu IUQng bam khae nhau thl cOng 8ullt bam, do d6 cOng sulit dOng
co ciing khac nhau. Dl;kc dit1'm nd'i b$t cda bam pittong IA luu IUQng bi dao dong.
Xet s\1 bi@'n thi&. dao dQng nAy. Nl1u pittong cd difn dch F, tl1lC (keo hOi dOng
Cd) co tdc d n(vg/ph} (hlnh 12-4) thl luu luqn.g If thuyt1t trung blnh IA
02-11)
Th\1C t@', luu th\1C nhO han vi nguy@n nhAn : xi lanh va pittOng khOng
khlt, cac van d6ng md: IQt khf vao xi lanh ... Do v$.y luu IUQng th\1e tl1 trung binh
se la :
Q
b
= Q
LT
02-12)
vtJi 'Ib Iil hit;!u Built luu iuc;mg bam
Thub'ng llb = 0,94 + 0,99 ddi vtJi bam ItJn c6 pinong > 150 mm
llb = 0,85 + 0,90 nhO pittOng < 150 mm
Nt1u vl\ln Mc tuc thb'i cUa pittong IA u (hlnh 12-4) thl htu lUQng We thbi cUa bam Ia
Qtt = Fu (12-13)
142
'.
Tinh g6c tn: gidi AI' sau thai gian t, maniven quay g6c a == wt (w la t6c
gdc dng co) tuong U'ng v{Ji quay gOe {J. Ta co :
x == OA
1
- OA == (R + L) - (R cos a + L cos {J)
== R (1 - cos a) + L (1 - cos {J) (12 - 14)
trong do : L - cua.
Trong tam giAc hOi bien va maniven, theo dinh Iy ham s6 sin co
Rain a == Lsinp
suy ra :
ha.y :
R
sin{J==L
sina
.
Khai trien Fourier va b6 qua cAe s6 cao, con
cos{J==1
thay (12-15) (12-14) co :
x == R(1
1
- cosa + '2 k sin
2
a) v{Ji a
Tn: do
u =
dx::: Rw(Sina+-21kSin2a)
dt
Luu lUQng tue thbi eua bam:
1
(aina + "2 k sin 2a )
== cut.
Khi diU han nhil1u
R
k = L. =
0, I, ta co
(12-15)
(12-16)
(12-17)
(12-18)
nghIa t6c dO pittOng vA. luu luQng tue thbi ella bam co gh\ hi khi
n
a ::: 2'
v{Ji
M13:c khOng dAu htu htQng dAnh gh\ qua M s6 ciao dng luu IUQng G
i>=
Qrnax - Qrnin
Q,b
1
Q,b = 2' (Q"",. + Q",,,)
(12-19)
(12-20)
d6 luu lUQng bam pittong t6c d1,1ng a hinh 12-4 cho hlnh 12-6. Hinh
12-6, a theo (12-18) Vl\ hlnh 12-6,b thea (12-17). Dulmg luu luQng t6ng L
t6ng 2 duang 1 2.
Qua dd, ta thl1y st,t' khOng 6n dinh cua chuy4Sn dOng chl1t lO1!g trong bam pittOng.
SI,1 dao dng cua luu luQng ga.y ra nhiau bl1t IQi vi tip sul1t ehl1t long cllng bi dao dong
143
'.
Hinh 12-6. Bieu d6 hJu h.lQng bdm pillOng tAc dl,lIlg don-
vai dO l{m han billn dO dao dOng luu lUQ'ng. nAy quan toi dOng co keo
bam vi mOmen tAi luOn dOng.
KhAc ph1,lc tu!;mg nAy, bam, . nguoi ta co tht1' dung blnh khi hoa
(bam n""{Jc) dung bam tac d1,lng kep dung bam xi lanh. D6i v{Ji dOng
co, mOmen se han trong trubng hQp bam pittOng dung xi lanh.
12.2. YEU CAU VE TRANG B! DleN CHO BOM
Nhu da. bam c6 rtlt nbiAu kilu da d"ng vA giAi cOng sutlt cung tilt rng.
dOng cho bam phtl bil1n IA dOng dien. Tuy theo t6c dO bam, n6i glua
dOng 00 vA bam cd thl IA tr1,1c.. tilrp (d6ng trvc) gilD. Ul1p qua hOp t6c, dai truy(!n,
ly hQ'p thay do1i t6c dO, he th6ng maniven, trvc khutu ... Do vQ.y, khi chQn cOng
sulit dQng co, clin luu y Uri hieu BUtlt cua cAe khAu truy(!n l1,iC trung gian.
Cac bam hliu nhu khOng dbi hOi thay dtli t6c dO phtl bil1n keo bam IA dung dQng
co khOng bO xoay 3 pha rotor sdc, mlJ m,ay tr1,ic c6ng sulit
nha) hay gian til1p qua dierr tIiJ, cuOn kbAng.iI stator (nl1u cOng sutlt trung binh).
Vdi bam co cOng sullt trung blnh vA Iiln, cung thubng dung dOng co khOng d6ng hI)
xoay chi(!u 3 pha rotor dAy quln, mil may M.ng dil)n tra chl1 iI mfJ,ch rotor de giam
dong rna may h* kl1t hQ'p tMm viii cae phlin ttl hf;l.n iI mf;l.ch stator. Trubng hQ'p
cOng sutlt Ion vA rtlt liln, dung dOng co d6ng bO eM cos !p.
V{Ji nhung bam chuy@n dung, cd dung dong Cd mOt chi(!u kfch tu song song
n6i nhlit lA khi cd yau cAu thay dtli t6c dO bam.
ChQn dOng co keo bam pittOng, phAi theo lof;l.i bam C1,l 'vA'luu y s1,i bil1n
cua luu lUQng, cot ap cUa bam, do d6 momen dOng Cd cAn dap ling.
Truong hc;1p truy(!n dong bam Iy tAm, do bam khOng t1,i dOng m6i nu{Jc duQ'c, mfJ,ch
__ __ __
v.v ... ) vA tUAn thu cae thd t1,i thao tac bam.
144
'.
VI bdm dng a mfli trubng Am ullt (nullc, cha:t 16ng khac) 0 mfli truong
dQc h{l.i (axlt, ... ) hol)c d mfli trubng nd, chay exit) d mfli trubng hID
(bun) cAc trang bi cling phAi dAp ung duc;lc cAc do.
12.3. SO DO KHONG CHE BaM
Hlnh 12-7 IA ad d6 II mt va bAo dng cd d6ng b(;
bdm nu{:lc tudi, Dng Cd cO cflng sua:t 600 kW, (j ap 6kY Sd do cho
phep khi(!'n dOng cd t\t dng hOI)C bAng tay.
Nguylm II lAm cua ml;lch nhu sau day.
a) dO ma m'y t\C dOng
Khoa d KeD (dbng 3) a vi. tri t\! dQng TD. Khi vi).n khoa K (dong 3) ve
vj tri dong thl rdle h'ung gian 1 RTr (dbng 3) tac dOng. di(!'m 1 RTr (d. 4) dong
d(!' t\! duy tri. di(!'m lRT-r (d.19) dong d(!' chuAn cho may cAt Him Tiifp
fiY
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L.!ff. IAT'"
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U',.......,
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-
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H1nh 12-7. Sd d6 kh6ng chI! dOng c('J d6ng bO keo bdrn nuOc.
ollTr
'"
"
"
145
'.
diem lRTr (d. 28) ddng cho cuc)n dfty eM eua van sAt din tu lAp a dulmg 6ng
m.1{Jc ky M rna van. TrucJ:c do role thai gian lRTh (d.33) da co
diem lRTh (d.29) da. dong de dam ba.a rna van chAc chAn. Tip diem lRTr (d.34) rna
rs, edt cuOn 4RTh, kh6ng cho tiep dim 4RTh (d.32) dong dong van
CD (d.31). Tip diem lRTr khAc (khOng trong sa d6) dong de dong c6ngtActa
bam ntloc ky
Khi lip h,tc nu6:c trong dl.1O:ng dng lam mat a bam dlilt 2,5 at, rdle dong mtbc
ID, 2D tAc dOng, dong tiep diem cua nd (d.19) cuC)n dong may cAt CDMC (d.19)
co di(m va may cat Me dt1!;1c dong. CuOn stato dOng cd dUQc clip de rna mtiy khOng
d6ng b dOng cd DDB.
Khi may cat ddng, tiep diem ph\! thu:ong dong Me (d.19) rna rs cat cun dong.
Tiep pht,J. Me (d.10) dong chuan hi cho cat mAy cdt. Rai tiltlp ph1,l
MC
p
(d.23) dong d cd c6t DC. Sau khi Um cang cot thl 2 digm
MC
p
rnc'1 ra de ditng d()ng cd cot. ph\! MC (d. 56) dong, c!p cho
cOngtActo K de dQng co DK keo may phat ldch thich FK. diem ph1,l MC (d.54)
dong de trong qua trlnh rnc'1 mAy ap ngu6n t\lt thil:p 111m role Ap thil:p R
if; (khOng trong sd d6) tac dQng thl cOngtacto if; co dong diem cua no a
me.ch kfch tit may FK de cuang buc kich thich.
Khi dOng co d6ng bQ DDB md may khOng d6ng bQ, dbng md may Um lam role RD
(d.2) tAc dQng va dong mfilch cho rdle thbi gian 2RTh (d.64). Tit do 3RTh (d. 65) co
va dong mfilch cho cOngtActd M (d.60). Tuy cOngtActo M khOng co din vi tip
diem 2RTh Cd.60) dA md truCJc do.
Khi dOng Cd dfilt g4n Uri t6c dO d6ng bO, dbng rna mAy giAm xu6ng nha hdn trt s6
ch[nh dinh cua role RD thl role RD nhA, dAn tOi 2RTh (d.64) mil:t Tip diem
2RTh (d.65) sau 1-28 ma ra, cAt 3RTh. Luc nAy, c'1 mf,lch c()ngtActd M (d.60),
diem 2RTh dong, cOn tip diem 3RTh chua md cun dong M co va cOng
tAc to M c6 Tigp diem M a mfilch kich tu DDB dong If,ll, n6i tAt tra tit
DT va DDB dUIJC Idch th(ch, dUQc k{io vao d6ng bQ. QuA trlnh mo: mAy thuc.
diem M (d.2) dong n6i tAt role RD, khOng cho no tac dOng tnr(fc thAng giang cua
dbng stator khi dOng cd chfily d6ng bl).
Cac cOng tdc td K vA M (d.57 vA d.60) lAm cO b,t khoa cd khL ThAo khcia
ba.ng cae cu()n cAt Ke vA Me (dbng 59 vA d.61). Khi K tac dng, cac tiep diem K tl,i'
cAt cho cuOn K va dong slln mfilch cho cun cAt Lam cua cOng Mc to M
tt1dng b,t.
b) Ditng may
Mu6n dung mAy, il:n nut ND (d.lO) hay khoa lK (d.13) de dip cho cun
cAt mtiy cAt CMMC (d.lO), dAn tlJi cAt mAy cAt MC.
Khi may cAt da. cAt, diem MC (d.24) rna, cAt lR, 2R. Tip diem 1R (d.34)
dong lAm rele 4RTh co din, dong (sau m()t thbi gian) W!p diem cua no (d.32) dp di!)n
cho cuOn dong CD' (d.3l) de dong van sAt tit. diem CM dong me.ch den 5L
(d.37) baa da. dong van. Tip diem MC (d.59) dong, c!p din cho cun Me (d.61) de
md M. VA khi a:n nut 2NC (d.5B) thl cuOn cd din de rna cOng tAc td K,
ditng dong Cd k{io mAy FK.
146 10T&.1OT B
c) Bio dQng co dang vtn' hAnh
- Bao khOng cho chf;ly khOng d6ng bQ : khi dOng cd dang hanh rna vi. Ii do
nao do dng cd milt d6ng bQ lip lulJi bi gtAm thilp thl dong din stator tang
qua giA tri dinh muc, rdle dong Rl (d.l) tAc dng nhung chua cAt may ngay. Sau thai
gian 6a vAn milt d6ng bO thl til!p RI (d.7) dong l$i, ctlp din cho rcrle thai
gian 5RTh. Sau '9s nua, neu dOng Cd ODB vAn milt d6ng bO thl diem 5RTh (d.S)
dong lei de ctlp din cho cuOn cAt CMMC (d.lO) tien hAnh cAt may cAt MC. D6ng thcri
role tin lRT (d.8) cling tac dng, lAm rdi cb vb. coi bao s1j cO:.
- Bao v ngAn mf;lch : Khi bi ngAn ml;lch (trong dOng ccr DDB a dOf;ln cAp tu
d6ng Cd may cAt) thl dong nglin ml;lch lAm role tac dOng tr1jc til!p lRD
m
,
2RDm tac dQng cAt thAng mAy cAt. Til!p diG'm s1j c6 SC (d.20) dong, den 3L sang, bao
cAt mAy bhng rcrle tAc dOng til!p. 06ng thbi rcrle trung gian 2RTr tac d(!ng, tl,t duy
trl (d.22) va keo coi.
- Bao Ap thilp : .Khi Ap lulJi hi t\lt qua muc quy thi. rale ap
thilp tac dng tI'\l'c RU
tMp
(m$ch tac dng (nha ra) dan den 3L sang, bac
s1j cO: vA coi Uu.
- Bao muc dAu : Kbi dOng ccr dang v$n hAnh rna d dAu trong gia
chu thl)p nong tlJi 50C hollc muc dAu hl;l thilp duoi muc quy dlnh thl clic
'. lOa, 20a 30a, 40a (d.39, 40, 42, 43) dong lAm rale 3RTr mc dng, til!p theo 6R
(d.52) tlic dl)ng, ehuOng kAu bAo tinh dO muc dAu thl'lp cAn phAi xu
lY. N I!u xu ly !thOng dl;lt qw\ do nhitt dO dAu tiep wc ta.ng tt"Ji 60C thl: diG'm
5Da, 60a dong (d.3S, 41). :&dIe 4RTr (d.3S) tlic dOng, din tlJi 5RTr (d.5) tac dOng.
Tiep diG'm 5RTr (d.9) dong dG' cfp eho CMMC (d.lO) cAt mAy cAt. :&dIe tin
2RT (d.9) lAm rai eb, eOi bAc c6.
- BAo khOng milt nulJc kg thu$t vA lAc rlic : Khi bam dang hanh mA ml1t
. nUDC ky lAm mat Iul:Ji chAn rAe bi tAc khOng dAm bAo dUQc hJQng nut"Jc bam
thi til!p diG'm 10, 20 (d.44, 45) dong trl:! 3D (d.4S) dong lam role 7RTh (d.44)
tAe dOng va sall mt thbi gian nMt dinh til!p diSm 7RTh (d.S) dong, cAp cho 5RT r
(d.5). Ttl: do (d.9,lO) cun CMMC co dG' cAt may cAt. :&dIe 2RT lAm rbi 00,
cbi bao c6
Nl!u tAc rlic chua dl!n mde cAt mAy mA cd thS hAnh vat rlic thl tiP diem 40
(d.47) dong. :&dIe 6RTh tac dQng vA sau mQt thbi gian mlJi d6ng cho 7R (d.53).
Til: do cb rai, chuOng cho tin hi(!.u Mo trulJc.
147
'.
Chrrong 13

13.1. KHAI CHUNG
III may kh( dung de hut da:y khOng khf cae kh( khac.
Ty s6 oem khl. trong khOng Ion ta cd the coi khi th6i (hut) khtmg bj nen,
nghla III coi khi nhu chat lOng va dnh toa.n cho qUfiLt cling tUdng nhu cho belm.
1. PUn
PhAn qUlilt cd eAch
a) Thea nguyba. lj Uun cd 2
- qUl;lt Iy tam : dich chuyen dbng khf trong pbAng vuOng gOc v{li tr1,lc quay cua
qUl;lt.
- qUfiLt hU:lIng tJ'1,lC : dich chuyen dong kh( song song v6:i tl'\1C quay cua qUfiLt.
b) Thea (zp sudt, chia ra :
- qUl;lt ap ll,ie thllp, p < 100 mm H
2
0
- qUl;lt ap ll,ie vue, p = 100 + 400 mm H
2
0
- qUfiLt ap h,tc caa , p > 400 mm H
2
0
c) Thea ml,tc dich su dl!;ng, chia ra :
- qUfiLt khOng khi
- qUf,J.t khdi v.v ...
d) Thea t6e de> chq,y quq.t, cd qUf,J.t caa t6c (han 1500 vg/ph) t6c d trung hinh, (800 + 1400
vg/ph), t6c dQ (500 + 700 vg/ph), rllt chl)m (du'lli 500 vg/ph) v.v ...
2. tinh cua
a) Quq,t ly Mm. Iy tAm Iam vie.c theo Iy nhu' bam ly tam.
Gudng dng hay banh xe cOng tAc 2 (blnh 13-1a) HI. b(l chfnh cua Canh
co thl'! cong phIa tru'O:c, thAng hay cang phIa sau tuy theo lip sullt can nhu'og khi
do suilt khi thay d6i. Khi ra khOi gudng d(lng G se vaa bi hu'llng 1 va
chuyl'!n vaa dng ddy 1 hlnh trOn dc (hlnh 13-1h) va ra ngoai theo dng 2.
bO qua 81,l' ddi khdi h-iQng ri@ng cua khf (do d(l nen nha) thl cong 8Uil"t
qUfil,t la
= 10-3, [kW] (13-1)
148
'.
Hlob 13-1. Sd d6 cau 1\10 qU\lt ly t!ro.
Trang do : Q - nAng sm1t qU$t [m
3
/s] ;
Hk - eaa ap (m cOt khi] ;
P - kMi hlQng cUa khi [kg/m
3
] ;
H - ap I\1C [mIJ:!. H
2
0 hay N/m
2
] ;
g :0= 9,BlmJs
2
'1 - suflt chung, thu:bng '1 = 0,4 + 0,6
sm1t chung baa gdm :
IJ)
rz = '1q '10 'ltd (13-2).
trong d6 : 'lq - suit khOng t6n hac Cd kh(
TZ.o - sutlt 6 dO', tiIy lo mil '10 = 0,95 +
, 'ltd - SUitt. dl)ng. Khi n6i tr1,tc til1p vOi dOng 00, '1-::::: 1
cbn k,hi n6i qua dai; '1 = 0,9 + 0,95. .
_ COq dng. cO k.OO -:: ...
, , N kN = J,QH 10-
3
[kW] (13-3)
.' de \ '1'
dilttil"k'cdtK th"'; l<hlo b 'bAng 18-1.
,
Bang 13-1
, '
k
COng suAt N(kw)
QUI(lt ly tam QUf,t- hubng t1'1,1C
< 0,5 1,5 1,2
0,5 + 1 1,3 1,15
1,01 + 2 ; 1,2 . 1,1
2,00 + 5 1,15 1,05
> 5 1,1 1,05
Cae dnb pua qUl;lt cd df,mg tUdng t\! nhu CJ bam ly tA.m CJ hinh 12-3.
b) Qugt huang trl,l.c
bU:bng tryc cO c.!u tillo dan giAn han qUf,lt ly tAm, g6m 2 phgn chlnb :
- Guflng 1 g6m trvc dubng k1nb tuang d6i lcJ:n co glin cac cAnh.
149
'.
- Va 2, dinh huO'ng khi van ctta hut 3, qua gifta clic clinh thea d9C tI'\lc quay r6i ra
ctta 4. Da s6 gu6ng n6i tr\lc tii!p vlli tl'1,lC dOng co 6.
QUl;lt huang tr\lc la lol,li
nhanh (t6c dQ n > 1000 vglph)
dung khi cl1n lItu lUQng lon, lip su(t
nha, nhu thOng gid nba., xullng,
10 ..
COng sua:t dOng cO keo xac dinh nhu
(13-3)
I
j
sul'lt hullng tI'\lC Illn h011
qU/ilt ly tAm. Clic tuyi!n cling tuong
tv nhu hlnh 12-3.
ffinb 13- 2. So d6 du t;1o quilt hLlong trvc.
(
t
L
J
+ f'
/
V
._-

Hlnh 13-3. Qu,t ly tAm BU.n dilng 0 m6.
,
Trong clic h(m mo,
clic lo(li thOng gid
thubng cd cOng BU(t Illn
va cl'lu dg
BU(t
Hlnh 13-3 lA ly
tAm BIl)J; 32 Clla N ga,
cd dubng klnh blinh cOng
tlk 3200 mm t6c d quay
600 vg/ph, nAng su(t
50 + 175 m
3
/s, lip BUelt
tlnh 1760 + 5000N/m
2
,
cOng sulit th\l c1,1c
720 NAng su(t
thay deB nh'" dillu
chinh cAe cAnh Clla thii!t
bi hullng tt1,lC h04c thay
d6i t6c d quay cae dQng
Cd
vol, bAnh
cOng tlic 2, hi
hullng 3, hai hQp'vAo 2
phIa 4, tI'\lC 5, tl'1,lC
6 va dQng co 7.
Hinh 13-4 IA hullng tr1,lc BOK,IJ; cua Nga, cd dubng kfnh Mnh cllng tlic 3600mm
va 2 Mng clinh, t6c d<i quay 375 vglph va 500 vg/ph tUCfng '\lng vlli cllng BU(t 865kW
vA 2050kW, nAng BU(t vA lip sulit tInh nhu hAng 13-2.
BAng 13-2
T6c dQ quay
NAng (m3/
s
)' Ap eu(t tInh (N/m
2
)
(vg/ph)
min max min max
375 560 2850 74,,5 248
500 750 3800 133 442
150
'.
DOng co 1 keo qua trl,lc 2.
co ch1,lp rEI dbng khi 3, dc1.u vao 4, vo
7, dng khui!ch tan 12, 11. Ch\lp rEI
dbng kh{ giup khI vao banh c()ng tic
hon va bao kMp n6i trl,lc cllng
nhu g6i t1"1:lC khei bl,li ba.n.
Rotor g6m tn,lC chinh 8, hai banh
cOng tac 6, khbp n6i Mnh rAng va 2 g6i
tl"l,lC 5,9. Gng khui!ch tan dOi ap
su1l:t dng thanh tlnh. 10 la UI dQu
13.2. YEU CAU TRANG
B! DIEN CHO QUAT
Cac c()ng sullt d1.1di 200 kW
thuj'jng dung d/,'mg Cd khOng d6ng bl) rotor
ngAn mo may t1"1,1c tii!p hay gian
qua cac phtfn tu chi! CI
stator. DOi khi dung dng CO rotor da.y
qulin ni!u drn thay dtH t6c dO trong
vi dl)ng Cd d15ng b ap.
qU\lt cd cOng sullt 200kW
thubng dung dOng co d6ng bl) cao ap.
Tho:bng dOng cO d6ng bl) keo
dUQc mCl may trl,fc til toan bl)
ap lucri. Trubng do cac thOng s6
hlPl hay cdn giCli Mc dl)
gdc cua q u(lt rna khOng dUQc phep mCl
may t1"1,1c thl phlli hfilD. ap
mil may qua cUQn khang ap
t1,1 ngAu d6i dl)ng Cd cae ap va qua
trlI tac dl,lng CI stator d6i VCli
dOng CO h(l. ap.
So d6 mil may bllt kl cUa dl)ng Cd
d6ng bl) phlli ta.ng t6c dOng co td'i
glin ttic dl) d6ng bQ qua giai dOl;l.n rna
may khOng d6ng bl). Cul)n ngAn m(lch
iI rotor dQng co d6ng bQ (lo(li rotor c1,1c
16i) dung cho md: may duc;lC dnh d:
dQ lam ngAn h(ln ntln dQng co d6ng
bQ khOng dUQc phep Illm la.u a
dO khOng d6ng bl).
S1,1 cd ctia cu/)n klch tu a rotor
Blnb 13-4. QU.!j.t huong tn,lc BOK,ll, dUng 0 hAm 10. khi md: inAy khOng d6ng bQ da. Anh
hud:ng dnh cO cu.a dl)ng CO.
11lc nay cul)n kCh tu hd: m(lCh thl do s6 vbng trong nd ap c!\m
ung rllt co thG pha hOng each cuQn dAy. Do khi md: mt1y, (hlnh 13-5) cUQn
kich tit n6i v{Ji mt tra tu r = (5 + 12)r
kt
(K ddng).
151
Toi gltn Mc dO dOng bQ (8 ..... 0,05) thl
K mo vA rotor d1.1tJc dip "dong kich tu
keo dQng co vao Mc dQ d6ng bQ.
Khi md' may khOng dong bQ, cun k[ch
tu khep kin m(lch qua r, nh1.1 cuOn dAy 1
pha, cam ung mQt s.d.d, xoay s6
f2 = f}s va dong xoay 1 pha
trong no sinh ra m9t tu trubng d(l.p m(lch.
Co thi! phAn tu tr1.1bng thanh 2
thanh pMn quay vA ng11Qc d6i voi
rotor v6i toc d
o
o
o
o __ ...,
r
000
r"
Hlob 13-5. So d6 cAp ldch tU hk
rna llli'Iy dOng Co dOng bOo
D6i voi stator, thanh phlin thul)n quay voi t6c dO :
Hlnb 13-6. 5\,1 phl,l thuOc cill dien tU theo
<l lnIQt khi roD may kMng d6ng dOng o:l d6ng '*
nth = n
z
+ nr = n
1
(1 - s) + nls = n
l
(13-4)
nghfa IA quay dOng bQ vlli til: stator
vA mOmen dien tu do thAnh ph4n nay tliLo
ra vOi dlmg stator phl,J. thuQc d tr1.1Qt s nh1.1
trong dOng CO khOng d6ng bO 3 pha (d1.1bng
2 6 hl.h 13-6).
Cbn thBnh ph4n nguQc quay doi vlIi stator:
nng=nz-n
r
=
'1(1- 0) - n,. (1- 20); (13-5)
MOmen tu cua thAnh nAy cd
dlilng d' hlnh 13-6. ThAnh phlin nAy
cd tAc d1,J.ng bilm bOt dOng khi d
trt1Qt < 0,5.
Do co cuQn nglin a rotor (c\lc IOi), tliLo mOmen tu 1 rnA khi rnd'
may khOng dOng bO, mOmen tdng co dl;lDg 4 vOi 10m a. mOmen cAn
It'1n h(m mOmen 0 phlin lorn thl dOng co
khOng tAng t6c tdi gh t6c dO dong
bO d1.1Qc. nay d.n 11.1u y vA Hnh ch9n
trd' d(l.p tu r sao cho 10m nAm
a phia trlln mOmen can Me vi ph4n
10m nay cang llIn khi r cAng nha (dbng
qua cun kfch til: cang IOn).
DOng cd dong b keo cung co thi!
rna mAy nh1.1 sa d6 hlnh 13-7 nghla la
may phat kich tu n6i cllng vOi rotor. VI
di(!n trO trong cUa phlln ung may phat
klch tu rd:t nha ni!n cd coi cl.le.n k[ch
tu dOng co IA m(lch khi md' may
khOng d6ng bO vA dong qua cun kfch tu
152
o 0
+
mob 13-7. so d6 dp kich IU.
'.
Idn, ddn dgn vOng Ibn. NgoM ra, trong qud trlnh mb may, dong cam tlng xoay
a cuOn .kich ttl de)ng co qua cit phtin ung mAy kich tlnch vii. gAy ra tia hio. d ch6i
than. Do v(ly, sa d6 nity chi dung cho dOng co bam khOng qud 50% mOmen dinh
mllc vdi M s6 d\1' tru !dn vA khi cOng sulit dQng co d6ng b kh6ng !dn lAm. 6 sd d6
nay, khi de) trl.1c;1t giAm cel 0,3 + 0,4 thl may phdt kich dl.1c;1c kich thCh clip dong
mQt chillu cho CUQn kich ttl dl;lng cd nhi\m dAm bao khi de) trl.1Qt .... 0,05 thi dQng cd
dl.1c;1c keo VRO d6ng bQ.
13.3. sa Db KHONG CHE QUI:\.T
1. So dll dieu khiin .dOng cO qua bilng IIH - 7304 eua Lien XO (eli)
So d6 nAy thl.1bng dUng cho h4m, 10 (blnh 13-8). Ma mdy dOng 00 tn;n so d6 nhl.1
sau : Cliu dao. each ly CL de. dong. Dong mAy cAt dtiu CD eM dlp ap cho cun stator dOng
co V1\ clng cd tang t6c a dO khOng d6ng bO. MlilCh rotor ndi qua may pMt kich FK vii.
tr ttl R. Dong md mAy Urn lAm rale dong 3RD tac dl;lng va di@"m 3RD dong
rale 1R. Role iR dong cho rale 2R V1\ ng:1t mlilCh dlngtActa K.
(KD
2KB -- JKiJ f
err
ITI
1---1 I'K)----,--1
Tdi gtin t6c
dQ d6ng bQ,
dbng stator giAm
vll role dong
3RD thoi tac
dOng, do do 1R
thOi lAc dOng.
Sau mOt thai
gian "1 + 1,5s
thl tigp
1R dong ngay
rna ch(lm.
ngAt m(l.Ch role
. 2R vii dOng m>
cOngtActa kich
til K, n6i tAt
tra d(lp til
R. DOng co DB
duQC kfch til vit
keo _ d6ng b).
Sau mOt thai
lDob 13- _8. So d6 bang dibI ktuen ITH - 1304 .
glan 2 + 3s,
dil1m 2R d6ng ngay mO ch(lm a cOngtActa K mO ra nhung no khOng mllt
di(ln vi cO ch6t co t1,1' giG:. Cae di6'm cOngtActcl K ron dong cbulin bi cho
cuOn oM ch6t di(m co KC.
Khi n!t mdy cAt .eMu CD, cuOn KC dUQc clip qua dil1m CD dong 1,i vit
cac K da. dong. No dong di@"m KC, cllp cho cOngtActa K. Cb6t dUQc
thdo va K mllt di(ln.
153
bAo dng ca khOi ngAn qua tAi cllng nhu mAt dfing bO, sa dfi dung cac
rale dong 1RD va 2RD. Dong stator trong cac truO'ng hl;lP nAy tAng vA lam cac rale
lRD, 2RD tac de)ng, ng:1t cuOn bAa ap 0 tl1 do ngAt may cAt dliu CD.
Khi mat lip lulli hay ap t1,lt thi cun RO' cling tac de)ng, cAt may
cAt dliu CD.





"


'"
,

"""' ..
"

.....
-'
,
"

Hlnh 13- 9. So dO phla ch!p hanh h di6J Idlifn JI,B. qU1;I1 h1l6ng trvc.
154
Trl1ang hQP ap h1(Ji
t1,lt ml'lt 15 + 20% thl clin
ta.ng dbng kich tu dOng Cd
di! duy tn chI! dO d6ng bOo
Luc nAy rdle R rp th6i tac
dOng va c6ngtActd rp
cilp n6i tAt di/iln tro
kich til: R
kt
cua may phat
klch FK di! tAng dbng kich
tll may phat, tAng di/iln ap
phat ra, ta.ng dbng klch tu
dOng Cd d6ng be). Luc
ap 11111i kMi phl,lC blnh
thubng thl. M cuang buc
dbng kIch tu trl1 v 13
thAi ban dfiu do rdle R rp wc
dOng, cOngtActa rp.
chlnh 80 di'>. Cftn
d:lm bAo :
- Thai gian duy tn cua
rdle lR Iil 1 + 1,5s
- Thbi gian duy tn cua
rdle 2R III 2 + 3s
- ap hut rale
R lA 95% gia tri dinh mdc
vA lip nhllllA 80 + 85% .
- Rale 3RD dugc
cblnh thO' lAc dQng khi
t6c d d()ng ca khalllng
o,ffT + 0,98 t6c d d6ng b.
chinh thO nha tId
n6i til!p 2R, chlnh tinh
nhb eo cilu 0 role.
- Blllo dbng cl,{c
0 gilli 5 + 7 litn
dbng dinh mue stator. BAa
qua tiri vA ch6ng lAm
'.
1l1u a chEf dO khOng d6ng be) h,ta ch9n trong gilli 1,15 + 1,25 gia trj dj.nh mt1e
cua dong statot'. Thbi gian duy trl thiet I$p a gilli tOi cO dOi vlli thiEft bi
bAa DOi vlli d/)ng cd keo qU!;lt thllbng tu 10 + 303:.
+
. ,

,...-----------
,
,

,
,
,
--_.
..f
,
.;

......
"

,
- ..
....

--
...
..





- tra R n6i vlli
lUch tu hie rna mliy
ch9D trong gioi 5 + 10
gia trj. tra cue)n
kieh tu Clla dOng cd.
tra R nM sE!i khd keo dC)ng
cd vt\o dlSng bO, con R Ian
se gAy nguy cho each
cuOn kich tU.
Vi trl COn tt'UQt cua
bien trCI R
kt
xac dj.nh nM
thl,tc dam bAa
dong djnh muc a cue)n kich
tu de)ng Cd.
2. So do dieu khiin xa
qu,t bl10ng tr\lc c6ng
suAl Ion
Sd dlS dung
khil1n tu xa 2 hilling
trv-c 2 t!1ng cOng BUl1t IlIn
cd dAo chit1u dong khL
D(lng CCJ keo cd tM Iii
ap hay cae ap.
dung trong hI;! thOng gid
chinh cua mOt nha may Ian
hay trong cac hlim, 10. Ndi
each trung tam
tit 500 + 5000m
vlli d(l suy giAm dllbng
dAy lQ.c khOng qua 2,5

Llll1i Ap clip cho
tbiet bi IA 3 pha 380/660V
vlli d(l ap cho
I' 10%.
mnh 13-10. &1 dO phia khitn he di&l khitn xa qu:;tt huang tIl,lC.
Sd d6 lAm
Ii hQp sO
thee thbi gian. Pha.n ehia
155
thbi gian cac tin nhb b chia 6 pha. Phia trung tf1m cd bl)
phat a tAn s6 mang 14kHz va b() thu a tAn 8620kHz. Prua cha:p hAnh ,(d()ng
cO - cd bl) pMt lAm i:J tAn s6 mang 20kHz vA bl) thu i:J ta:n s6 14kHz.
3 pha d6i xung (luCli) duc;Jc bilfn lip 1BA (phia chtip hAnh - hlnh 13-9) hay 2BA
(phia khU!n - hlnh 13-10) bilfn d6i thanh 6 pha d6i xung nhb cac cutin day thu
ciIp co dim giua n6i chung. Cac cul)n sa cap co th n6i sao hay tam giac. 6 pha
dl1c;JC (hlnh 13-11) cd 3 vecta chinh Oa
I
, ObI' OC
I
va 3 vectd c1,1c dnh nguc;Jc Oa
2
,
Ob
2
, Oc
2
. Nlfu tu M 6 pha nAy, It'ly 2 vecta c1,1c dnh vA 1 vecta c1,1c dnh nguc;Jc
pha thu 3 hoac Itl:y 2 vectd c1,1c dnh nguc;Jc vA 1 vecta tinh cua pha thu
3 thl cd th dl1c;JC sd d6 xung trong 1/6
chu ki ap xoay
Ch!ng It'ly 2 pha thu$.n al' b
i
va 1 pha
nguc;Jc c
2
(hlnh 13-12). So d6 dl1c;JC ra vbi
3 diot vA trd' R (hlnh 13-12a).
Trong blnh 13-12b, d nua chu kl dl1ang
OP) pha a
l
duang hdn pha b
i
nhung kMng co
", dbng qua pha b
i
vi cd diot yD2. Sau do,
PQ) pha c
2
duang hdn pha b
i
nhl1ng khflng co
dOng qua pha b
i
vI cd diOt VD2. Cu6i cung,
QR) pha c
2
dl1dng han pha at nhl1ng cung
khOng cd dong qua pha a
l
vi cO diot VDI. Ulob U-1i. So d6 vecW 6 pha.
d n\1a chu ki Am AB), pha b
I
dl1dng han pha Cz va sau do BC), pha
a
l
dl1dng hdn pha c
2
dAn tai cd dong tit cac pha b
i
rOi a
l
qua pha c
2
thea dubng Rl1ti -
VD3 - R.
Nhu: qua tai R
tai
cd dong xung tam giac trong 1/6 chu kl ap xoay
.
Tl1dng t1,1, cac xung cilng dl1c;JC tf;lo ra trong cac t6 hQp pha khac. Cd 6 to: hc;Jp cAe
pha nhu thlf (xem hlnh 13-9 vA hlnh 13-10). Khi dd trong m6i 1/6 chu kl cua lubi,
tri:J tai R
tAi
cd ml)t xung tam giac (hlnh 13-13).
r- 'i
K
C,
Y02
156

4 ",
y/JI
yfJJ
Hlnb 13-12. So d6 nguybl Ii t(lO xung.
0)
o hlnh 13-9,
tri:J tai, chAng hf;ln doi
vlli khAu xung thli:
nht'lt Iii. cac phAn tu :
- may phat
qua N
2
, dilf!n tro 5R mt'ic
!!long song vlli trd
E-B cUa transistor ST,
qua N
3
, diot VD3, ml;ich

'.
Hioh 13-13. 06 thi :Ulng he 6 pha
- ;may thu : qua N
z
' tra E-C.
cua transistor 7T, cuQn 8L, qua N
4
, t\l C7,
diOt VDl9 ...
Cac xung ra 6 khllu xung dung
may phat trin s6 chu ding
nhu nh!).n xung dE!n qua cac so d6
cua cac transistor IT + 6T.
May phat (hlnh 13-9) lAm nhu sau.
Khi xung tam giac to bQ phlln bel 6
pha tei (cac RTrl .... RTr6 dong)
thi transistor 8T thOng dA.n toi transistor 9T thOng va dao dOng 1L-4C bat dau
lam vi/ilc (dao dQng) Dao dQng dUr;Jc transistor lOT khuE!ch' d(l,i vA truyen len dubng day
lien lI;tc v6i tAn s6 20kHz. Tuang tl,! may phat phia trung tAm cd tlln 56
phat 14kHz.
May thu lam vi/ilc nhu sau. Khi co tin cae tlln 04kHz) til duemg dAy
t6i Cng huang (8C-9C-2L-BA3) thl transistor 7T th6ng vA cho xung ra til
khau xung tbi sd d6 l$p theo m(l,ch : 0 cda 1BA - UE!p Re 7 thubng dong
- dllu n6i N
z
- transistor 7T - cun ph!ln h6i 8L - dllu n6i N4 - r6i t1,lc, chAng
khAu xun-g thu nhAt, t\l C7 - diot VDI9 - pha C
z
. T1,l C7 va sau do
phong qua lOp E-B Clla transistor IT, duy tri transistor nAy mo trong mOt thbi gian.
Transistor IT re lam role chtlp hanh Re I hut. R8 va tv C7 dUQc tinh
ch9n dE! C 7 phong keo dhl khOng 5/6 chu kl, nghla la I T cho tbi h1c
xuiIt xung theo cua khllu xung thu nMlt.
hanh quq.t nhu sau. rna may, chAng I cM' d lam binh
thucmg, dua khoa dQ Hun vi$C vi trl LVBT vA tln nut I (hlnh 13-10) Role RTr4
tac dQng. thubng RTr4 dong lQ.t. Xung til khau xung thu tu lam
t'ransistor 8T thOng trong thbi giaD. 1/6 chu kl MAy phAt phat xung 14kHz, theo
duong day lac t6i may thu phia chtlp hAnh (phis dOng cd - qUQ,t) (hinh 13-9) va
transistpr 7T bi thong. Nhtt' dA trlnh bay lJ ph4n, may tbu, tin tUdng llng tu khllu
xung thll tu sA tu 0 (IBA) qua 7T r6i C10, v002 ... Tv. CIO nQ.p r6i phong
qua lbp E-B cua 4T duy trl 4T thOng trong thbi gian. 5/6 chu kl. Relle Re4 tac dng
va dong til1'p thubng cua no (hlnh 13-14) OIlp cho rdle ch9n qUQ.,t I la
1RC'. Role nay cO cd ctlu tl.1 gill. Role nay dong mQ,ch tbi c\:ta gi6 I va chuan
bi chQ.,y qUQ,t I, dong sAn mQ.,ch rdle IRQ, ngAt 2RC. Sau khl cua gio I mo
xong, cOng tAc hAnh trlnh cu6i dong cho role RTr2 (hlnh 13-9), n6i khAu tQ.,o
xung th11 2 vao g6c transistof' 8T may phat lAm TIn 20kHz trong 1I6T
dUQc gili tlIi may thu hlnh 13-10 tra)1sistor, 7T. Tuang 11ng vlli khau xung
thu 2 (hlnh 13-9), khi transistor 7T thOng thl khAu xung th11 2 (hinh 13-10) cho
xung qua 7T nQ.,p t1,l C8 va mo transis.tor 2T. Role Re 2 tac dOng, b!).t LCB baa da
cua gi6 va chua:n bj xong qUQ.,t I.
157

"


,
,
..



(\
IDnh 13-14. M<lch dQng co quOIt.
"
An nut MI cho chl(lY I, role RTrl tt\c dQng vA dong khAu tl;lO xung th'll nha:t
(hinh 13-10), ca:p xung cho ml(lch bazo 8T dl!' mt\y pht\t lAm Tin 14kHz
tlIi may thu (hinh 13-9) vA ml:! 7T. Tlldng 'Ilng khAu tl(lO xung th'll nha:t cho xung qua
7T t1,l C7 va ml:!IT. Rdle Re I tt\c dng ca:p cho IRQ (H.13-14) tu do
dong ml(lch kMi dng tu 11m. Cu6i cung 13. lIm dong ml(lch dng 1 TDCD
dong mAy cit dl1u ICD chl(lY dng cO IDB. Luc nAy, cac tiep dim thlli:1ng dong ICD
rna ra cAt 11m (vl mAy cAt d,;iu co co ctlu t1,1' ch6t) vA cAt ml(lch 1RC (2RC) trt\nh
158
dong rnO cua gio khi qUl;it dang lam thubng rna 1CD khac (hlnh 13-9)
dong ll;ii lam rale RTr 1 ta.c dOng. Kh6i phat xung thu nhtft duc;Jc n6i vtJi pMt
14kHz va tUdng ung a phia trung tll.m dilfu (hlnh 13-10), may thu md transistor
7T xung til: kh6i phat xung thu nMt dong rale ReI, bAo I qua den
LQI va ng<\t den bao ngAt I (LDI)
Dun.g quq,t thi tin nut stop St. (hinh 13-10). Rale RTr 3 tac dting. Tu do, qua may
phat 14kHz va may thu (hlnh 13-9), tuang dng rale Re 3 tac dting va rnl;ich role dung
RD (hinh 13-14) tMng. Rclle RD tac dting dong rale RN de rale nay cAt
cutin ap kbOng 1CO d may cAt dAu 1CD. da.n ttJi cAt may cAt dliu lCD, ngAt
dOng ca 1DB. Den LQI tat vA den LDI sAng.
Khi ddo dong khi, khos dao D dong (hinh 13-10), rale RTr 6 tac dQng.
Xung til: kha.u phat xung thu 6 t{Ji md may phat 14kHz lam va tin
toi may thu (hinh 13-9) phia chtfp hanh. Tuang ling Re 6 tac dOng, dong rale
dao RD (hinh 13-14). Cac thubng md cua RD va thubng mo
rale chQn (hOi;iC 1RC, 2RC tily theo qUl;it djnh daa dong khdi
dOng tu may tbi thay d6i cua gio tuang dng.
Tin. hil!u sl/. c6. Khi g6i. tr1,lc qua nong, kiem tra nhili\t dQ dong
'. digrn thubng md 1KT 1) hay 2KT (qul;i.t IT) lam rale RTr 6 tac dOng (hinh 13-9).
Ttl d6, 0 trung Ulm khifn, rale Re 6 tuang ung tac dOng (hinh 13-10), dEm
LT bao qua dQ g6i tI"l,lC, dong role RT bAa chuOng. NgAt tin chuOng
nha: cong SW.
Khi khi thong gio hi pha huy, tiep 1K (thay d6i na.ng 9ulit) hal)c 2K (giam ap)
dong. Rclle RTr 3 tac dQng (hlnh 13-9). Tu do rale Re 3 (hlnh 13-10) Mc dng,
den baa LH va dong mQ-ch rale chuOng.
Qua cac tiep thuong dong ReI, Re2, Re4, Re5 (khi lam cO tM' dung
kiern tra dU:bng lq.c Vl role RK tac dng, dong den baa LL (hlnh 13-10) va
baa chu8ng.
DEm LN tAt bO.o rntft ngu6n clip cho sa d6.
khiln. tq,i chd. khoa mach 1CM til: vi tn khit1'n tu xa TX
vi tn tl;li ch6 TC (hinh 13-14).
dOng ca qUQ.t 1, chuyt1'n 2 CM vi trI QI r6i tin nut M de dong mQ.ch khai
dOng tu lKD v. v ... Qua trlnh rolf may nhu dA nAu.
Dung nhb lin ndt St.
159
'.
Chlrung 14
MAy NEN
14.1. KHAI CHUNG
Khi nen co cOng d\lng ,: 13. nguylm d.n xutlt (trong cong h6a hQc),
Ie. me nhAn mang m\ng h.1c;1ng (khutly trn pMn ung), la hie nhlin mang tin
(trong ky dOng bAng khi nen), III ngu6n dOng cfip hdi khf cho
kich, tua bin ..
Ngu6n dIp khi nen 18. DeD khL
1. PUn
a) Thea nguyl!n li lam chia ra :
- MAy nen deh : Trang may nAy, kh{ ta.ng do DeD cuang bue nh" gism
deh khOng gian lAm LolP nAy cd may neD pitton, may nen rotor (mnh Mnb
rAng ... )
- May nen dong hQc : Trong may nAy, Ap khi tang do duc;lc ctlp dOng nAng c\tO'ng
bue nhb cae 00 diu lAl1l Day cO may nen Iy lAm, hubng tt'\l-c.
b) M6y cung dlJQc pMn loq,i tMO each kh6c nil'a, nhu
- Thea Ap suilt : ap Built caa, trung hinh, "thtlp, chAn khOng.
- Thea nAng Built: Ibn, vU:a, nho.
- Theo lAm IQ.nh : lAm IQ.Ilh trong trlnh khOng lAm IQ.nh ...
- Thea s6 dip : mt ctlp, nhit1u ctlp v. v ...
Tfit cA may lAm vOi cbu trinh ngUQc vOi dng 00 pittOng tuabin.
vi ap sua:t vA nAng sullt clla m(lt B6 IDIP may cha iJ bang 14-1
Bong 14-1
may Ap BUO:t lAm (at) NAng Built (m
3
/h)
May nen pittOng 0-3000-100000 0-30000
May clnb gQ.t 0-12 0-6000
May nen tr\1c vit 0-10 0-30000
May ly tam 0-50 6000-300000
tua bin 0-20 6000-900000
May nen hubng tt"\Lc 0-10 Rfit Mn.
160
2. Cae thong sO co bim eua may
Co 3 thOng a6 cd bAn :
- TY s6 nen : IA ty s6 giua ap sulit khl ra vA ap sua:t khi vAo cua may nen
P"
E = - (14-1)
Pyllo
- Na.ng sua:t Q : IA kh6i lttqng (kg/s) hay dch (m
3
/h) khi rnA may nen cung clip
trang rot/t dan thbi gian.
- COng sulit N : a cOng sulit tU!u baa d@' nen vA khl.
Ngaai ra ron cO cae thOng s6 sulit may khi nen dt'), ap sullt
khi vAa, ra ; 11' dnh vA h6a tinh cUa khi v(Ji cae thOng s6 kh{ trttng).
3. Dl).e tinh cua may
a) May nen pittfmg : IA laqi may nen deh. Tuy thea ap lAm chia ra :
may hut chAn khOng, may nen ap sullt tha:p 10 at), ap sulit trung binh (10 - 100
at) va lip sulit caa ( :> 100 at).
Mt chu k1 tam Clla. nuiy g6m cAe giai : hut, nen vA dlly k.h:f (hlnh 14-1)
'. va dubng bi@'u mt')t chu trlnh Ii thuyl1t g6m : dubng hut 1-2 vd"i ap sua:t
vAo Pv khOng d6i, dubng 2-3 tAng ap sua:t cubng buc tu Py i4!!n Pr vA d1.1bng dAy
3-4 vbi ap sullt ra Pr kbOng d6i.
Halilt dng cua may nen pittOng tuang t\1 bom pittOng.
COng haa eha mt chu trlnh II thj hOi dch 1-2-3-4-1 bao g6m :
- cOng hut khI (Am) bi@'u thi bd'i clch 0-2'-2-1-0
Whl1t = pyV
I
- cOng nen khi (duang) thi hOi deb 2-3-3'-2'-2

If
Hiab 14-1. sa d6 Clla mky nen piuOng
ya d6 Ihi coo trinh ntn Ii
11Too')1 A
3
w"'" = - f pdV
1
da:u (-) lll.do tich gllm khi nen
- cOng d4y k.hl (duang) thi Mi
doh 3-4-0-3'-3
W
dAy
= Pr
V
2
3
Do dO Wdt.1 = -PyV
I
- fpiV +Pr
V
2
1
3
Vi PrV2 - pyV
l
= f d(pV) n@n
1
3 3 3
W"" = fd(pV) - fpdV = fVdp
1 2 2
(14-2)
161
'.
COng nen lkg khf lA
w -
ch.t -
W
ch.t
M
, 3
V
J Jvdp
2 2
Trang dd : M - kh6i kh ra trong mQt chu trinh [kg1
v - dch cua khi [m
3
/kg].
(14-3)
Qua trlnh nen cd the lA dlLng nhit hay da cOng b1dng ung
la :
- chu trinh dAng
R R T
pv = -T = const-v =
p p p
,
JVdp
2
trong do : R - hang s6 khi (lI R = 8,31. l<PJ/kmol.o.K ;
- J.L - phAn tu khL
- chu trlnh dOl;i.n :
,
JVdp
2
pvk = const
(14-4)
(14-5)
Trang do : k - chi s6 khf (H lA ti s6 giua dung dAng lip
va ding dch eua khi.
voi khi 1 nguyen tu, k = 1,66 - 1,67
khi 2 nguyen tu, k = 1,40 - 1,41
khi 3 nguyen tu, k = 1,30 - 1,33
- chu trlnh da :
pv
n
= const
,
Ivdp
2
n-l
n R [(p,-
--T - n
n-1 J.L 1 p)
Trang do : n - chi 56 da bien.
- 1} [Jlkgl
(14-6)
Khi gia tti n ::= 1 hay n = k, ta c6 qua. trlnh dlLng hay Vdi cae
gia tri khAc nhau cUB. n, cE"lng va d6 chu trlnh ciing khac nhau (blnh 14-2).

cOng dnh cha chu trlnh Ii tudng.
162 11TOODl 8
'.
I'
n>k
oL------------------
Hlnh 14-3 cho dd thj cua mt chu
trl;nh thl,t'c. Trof1.g chu trlnh th\1c" khi
pittOng ddi bAt driu chu kl. m{li thi
giai hut khOng xAy ra ngay mit cO
giai dAn (da), dubng hut vii duong
dity khOng thAng (khOng ding ap)'va co
cl,t'c til!u (dubng hut) vit cl,t'c (dU'bng
dAy), cac M.t dAu va kgt thuc giai
hut vit dAy khOng nb.m duong
ap su.a:t trong dng hut vit day V.v ...
Co s1,1" khac nhau gii't:a chu trlnh thl,t'c
'vii H tuo-ng lit do lIinh 14-2. D6 Ihi chu lrinh (Ii mlIy ntn
vOi cae chi s6 do khac nhau.
- Xilanh co mQt phfin thl! tfch vfl ich
V
H
gilla pittflng ({J vi trl chgt cu6i qua trlnh dAy) va xilanh (gQi Iii khoAng V
H
). (hlnh
14-3) giai hut chi bdt dliu khi ap su.a:t kh! nen ron trong V H giam xu6ng
bang ap sua:t hut. Do v(ly, dch kh{ hut
dU'Qc (V
h
) bi giAm. diJ thl! tich xilanh
Vx va dch quet Vo = Vx - V
H
Ian.
- Xu pap co trd ll,t'c (chu ygu do h,t'c lb
xo) giai hut vit dAy chI xAy ra
khi Ap sua:t kh! trong xi lanh nh6 heln ap
sua:t Pv trong 6ng hut vii cao heln ap sullt
Pr trong 6ng dAy. Tr6' ll,t'c xu pap thay ddi
theo cl khoAng dbi cua pittOng v1 v(ln tdc
khf thay ddi vA no cO giA tIi Um nhllt khi
xu pap bdt dAu mO. Do do cllc dU'bng hut
vA My khOng thAng. Do trd I\1C xu pap mii
c6ng tiAu baa cUa may kh( tAng l@n.
- Ap suft- trong 6ng hut vA 6ng dAy
dao dOng theo vi tri pittong gAy ra
dng khOng, . dinh' Cila dbng khL
- Khi khf bi' hut vAo xilanh, khf thu
vi dO thJlp h<l1l tbl!.nh xllMh,
Dliu giai nen, kh{ vln thu
xilanh (n '> k). Trang giai DW tip, '
khf. tAng nhlf,t dO dd.n vA Wi 11ic nAo dd,
khi co nhif,t dQ bAng xilanh (n = k) r6i
-
1
-'l
, ,

f#' ,
I'
, ,
'd ,e
f,.
-1
J
,
"
,
a
v"
b
I"
0<
"
J/
if
1
Hlnh 14-3. 06 tin mOt chu trinh khi Ih1,1c.
sau do cao han vii cp cho xHanh (n < k). V$.y,
giAm tU. n > k n < k.
trong giai n'n, chi 86 da
Trong giai dO$ll dAy, kh{ vln Cp nhif,t cho xilanh
Trong giai dAn, chI s6 da bign tang tu. n < k Mn n > k.
- Do cO khi rb qua xu pap, xec ma.ng, dUClng cong thoM helD va dubng cong
dan d6c heln. Do do chi s6 da bil!n cua dubng cong nen tha:p hon vA cua dubng cong
dan cao heln chi 56 da bil!n khi khOng co rb khi.
163
'.
164 Hlnh 14-4. rrn rotor dinh [ruO!
Do trong may nen cO
khoimg V H tl 86 nen
P,
E "'" - hi che. Trl10ng
P, .
hQP CaD ti 86 nen caa, ngubi
ta dung each nen dip,
co lam Il;lIlh dAng tip trung
gian.
Tu:ang quan giua 86 clip
phil hQp va. ti s6 nen cua
cae may nen cho a hAng
14-2
Cae may nen pittong cO
gild nang sulit tU viti m]/ph
den lOOm
3
/ph, ap suilt ra
ttt viti at Mn 300at va c6ng
suat ttt viii kW den
2000kW.
b) May nen roto,. : IOli,li
may nen thg deh.
Hlnh 14-4 bigu th! mQt
may nen rotor canh
trtlQt. May co vo hlnh tn,J
4 va nAp 9 co nl1ac lam
ll;\nh. Rotor 7 lap vao tr1,1c
6 d(i.t ta.m trong vo.
Rotor co khe trong
do co cae Uim chuyg n dl)ng
8 (canh tn1Qt)" 'bAng tMp
dAy 0,8 - 2,5mm.
Khi rotor quay theo
mui ten, cae canh truc;:It
yAng ra, ep vao thanh trong
cua 2 vOng gang tl,1 do 3 vA
keo chung cung quay, cAe
ttlm tnrQt chia khOng gian
lam hlnh lu:ai Mm
thmm cAe phong nh6 mil. th
deb bt giam ddn theo ehieu
quay tit phla hut sang phIa
day. 6 liB t.r1,le 2 duqe btt kfn
bAng 1. Phla day
co xu mQt
Bang 14-2
86 clip z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti 86 DeD E 7 5-30 13-150 35-400 150-1000 200-1100 450-1100
Ca.c may Den canh tn1c;Jt duQ'c ap sua:t tlli 4at nAng sua:t tbi 160 - 4000m
3
Jh.
c) May nbl. li tam : Iii IOl;li may Den dOng hqc. N tAc lam hiang tl) bam
li tAm. Khac Iii, do 8\i dlli ap 9Ut(t ella kh{ khi qua gu6ng d()ng nEln dAn tdi Sl!
tAng kh6i hlQ'ng Clla khi vii ra lip h,w tinh. D6ng tbbi v(tn tde khf cl1ng ta.ng
vii nh1.1 vfJ..y :ip l\ic dOng c6ng tAng.
D6i voi lip suat nha, ngubi ta dung tua bin th6i khf mOt cl(p. LOl;li nily tl;io ap suat
khOng qua O,15at. Ve ban eMit, d6 lA qUl;lt,cao ap.
Doi v6i :ip suat 1,3 + 4at, co tua bin thOi khl clip.
D6i v6i ap sual 4 ..;- 10at hay han, c6 may DeD tus hin.
May DeD li tAm c6 Bullt tMlp ban mAy DeD pittOng nha:t lil khl nAng sul1t may
'. nh6 vii ap sua:t CaD caa (nen cap).
Do ct{u dan giM, kich thubc vii k1;I.6i h.1<;lng nh6, n6i tI'\ic. tiA'p d,1.1Qc vlli dQng cd,
khf nen ra t\lC, khOng bi ba:n bOi d<iu hOi tron (nh1.1 a may nen the dch) n(l;n
may nen Ii tAm, diI sua:t tha:p, va.n d1.1Qc xu d\lng rai, d giai nAng suat
cao hdn 100mJ/ph va ap sua:t nha hdn 12at.
14.2. YEU CAU VE TRANG B! CHO MAy
May nen khOng dbi hOi thay d6i t6c dO, trU: tr1.1Ong hQp Do '4y, vdi may
c6 n6ng sulit d1.111i 10m
J
/ph th1.1bng keo bing dQng cd kh6ng d6ng bQ. 11.111i
khoo, c6 th{!' rna may tr\1C vdi Cd rotor ngdn 11.1C1i yt1u thl. dung
dOng cd rotor dAy qulin, rna may gian qua tro rna may. Trong cl hai tntbng hQp
thl mbmen rna may khOng nM hdn 0,4M
dm
va m8men C\!c khOng quI:\. 1,5M
dm

May nen c6 nAng s\ffit llln hdn 20m
J
/ph th1.1bng koo bing dQng Cd d6ng bQ. Truong
hQP ni\y di.n m8men rna mAy kh6ng d1.10i O,4Mdm va mOmen khi keo vi\o d6ng b(I kMng
d1.111i O,6M
dm
. DOng cO d6ng bet may -pittOng th1.1bng d6ng tr\1c vilo 11.111i.
MAy neD tuahin- (turbocoriapressor) cilng diIng de;.ng cO d6ng bO truy&. dQng. Nt1u
cOng Bulit Ibn (vw ngln kW) thl me) trufl,y qua cuQn- khang ap t1I ng!u.
ap ma ml:\.y ban dliu dl)t vi\o dng cO khoang 0,64U
d
l1l.'
Tinh cong Built cO tJlI\.y -Mn c6 tM thea cOng thuc
Q r..+L.
P = kSOO 2 ,[kW]
Trong d6 : Q - nAng Bulit may nen [mJ/ph!';
'h - su.lit may nen, 'lk. = 0,5 + 0,8 ;
7ltd - su.lit be;. ; dai thl 'ltd = 0,85
Lj> La - cOng nen dAng vi\ dOfJ.n (kGm)
(14-7)
165
'.
Gia tti Li vtt La d6i vtJi cAe Ap Built khAe nhau eho a bttng 3-3.
k - s6 dv: tN, k = 1,1 -;- 1,15.
Cang cd chQn cOng Built dQng co thea eOng thdc dan gittn
Q,
p k
S1
,6 ' [kW]
tl'ong dd : z - M 96 , theo bang 14-3.
Dl;\i
Ap suilt -cu6i (Itt Ap sullt mAy DI!n + 1at)
hlQng
3 4 5 6 7 S
L,
11.000 13.900 16.100 17.900 19.500 20.S00
L,
12.900 17.100 20.500 23.500 26.100 2S.600
,
200 260 300 345 360 410
(14-S)
Bang 14-3
(at)
9 10
22.000 23.000
30.700 32.700
440 464
14.3. Til OQNG KH6NG MAy NEN
dttm bila cllp khi hQp Ii cho cae thit bi mAy nen phAi dU<;1c tl,i'
dng kb6ng nhAm thOa mAn 2 ehInh :
- dAm bAo luu hi'Qng th1,l
- dAm btto Ap BuAt kbI y@u cttu, thubng trang gitJi hl;\n (8 -;- 10)% Ap Built
Ngow ra, khi nen cbn phAi dUl;le dAm bila chAt IUQng nhu : dQ a':m, s(lCh v.v ... tuy
theo yh c4u dUng.
MAy kh( th11bng ldlm theo cae bQ lQc dAm bAo chilt lUQng khi) vA blnh ch'lla
khL Blnh ch'lla khi nen cd tAc dl).ng :
- hba l11u IUQng, Ap suilt. Khli' cae xung ap trong Unh th1,l d6i vtJi may
nen piston.
- Lttm dA dAng chlnh gioi hl;\n c\1e dl;\i c\1c W!U cua ap suAt. Hl;\n ch{!
. ttJi giA tti cd thl cua tAn sut rna mAy dQng ca.
- Tranh cae Bl,lt Ap dQt ngQt cUB. khi khi cd th1,l dQt bi{!n trong mt thbi gian
ngJin (nhu phanh khi chuyln dQng cua klch khi cd piston ItJn ... )
- Lttm mAt khf vA ngung tl,l hai nutJc, tl;\P chllt ...
t\1 dQng dung vI) ehQ.y dQng CCI keo mAy nen tAe khOng co gi khAc
nhau d6i vtJi mAy piston hay rotor.
D6i vtJi thil1t bi duOi. 10kW, ngttbi ta thl1bng dung til1p Ap khL Til1p dilm dAm
bAa du:ng dQng ca khi blnh ch'lla dl;\t Ap sullt cl,i'e vtt chQ.y ll;\i dQng co khi ap
sullt giAm xu6ng cl,i'c tilu.
Nhu sa d6 hlnh 14-5, til1p lip khI 5 ddng cAt cOngt'-cta 1 ctlp eho dQng
co 6 Ma mAy nen 7. Blnh trung gian 2 dUQc lAp duo:ng dAn khl vA cd deh dUQc
166
tinh toAn sao eho trong 5 + 6s dAu
dOng cd t6c dQ binh tht1bng rna
khOng cO ap sulit. (tranh rna may
cO apsuAt). Dau xa 4 gan vai tiep
digm lip kh{ 5 se dam baa xa khi
trong blnh phl,l van khi quyn khi
dl;mg Cd dung. Van hi mot khi
do dong kin. Do khi dong cd
thi khOng cO ap sufit
vAa may nen hie moi mo may. Khi
c6ngtAeta dong thl da.u xa cung
dong. Khi dieu hanh ap
khf lAy tu binh ehda 8. Tht1bng tiep
dim ap khi dong eho d(>ng Cd
khi p Q; 9 + lObar va ngat
__ d{lng cd khi p === 2 + 3 bar.
Hlnh 14-5. Sd d6 dibJ chinh bAng tiep ap khi.
khi nhu hinh 14-6. Cd du g6m :
D6i v{Ji hi trlm lOkW,
ngubi ta thubng dung cd cliu
- 1 lip kll cd tii!p dong cAt 0: cAe gi{Ji ap BuAt 1 bar Mn vAi ch\1c bar.
- 1 van 3 ngA : 1 nga nISi v{H binh chua, 1 nga n6i vdi giAm lip (phia
dung), ngA thu 3 dung dg xa khi ra kM quyn.
II,hAl f"jq tI;'
t-
(on tf;in
Hinh 14- 6. Cd diu di6.L chinh - .lr.hi.
167
'.
each lAm vi(k clla M th6ng dong cAt rl'It ddn giAn. Khi lip sul'It gia tri cl,t'c
digm lip ra vA dng cd dung.
Blnh thl1bng van di(m khOng hut (nhl1 hlnh vI\. dubng xl\. khi dong kin.
Khi ap su4t giAm tOi gia tri cl,t'c tigu, digm lip dong do ll,t'c Ib xo
chinh ap sul'It. DQng Cd dl1QC may keo 'mAy nen. Van dl1QC dip trong 5 + 6s,
dg _ctta Xli, gil\.m tAi cho dc)ng cd khi md may.
chlnh dong cAt tl,t' dng nl\.y bi chillS. s6 dong khOng qua 15 llin/h.
168
Gioi thifu chung
PHAN V
TRANG B! OleN - TO
MAy 5<)1, OeT
cua qua. trlnh tQ.O sQi lA gia cong xC (nhu bOng, len, day, to tAm .. ,)
thAnh cAe IOQ.i sQi dl1 ph\lC V\l cho qua. trlnh VIli.
'. Ca.c xc qua qua trinh dQ,p xe va chAi IOQ.i b6 cae tl;lP chilt vA lAm thAnh con
cui. Cui dtlQc keo nh6 thanh sQi tho vA SQi con. Do lit sAn pha'.m eua cOng ngM keo
sQi.
SQi dtlQc danh thAnh 6ng vA dUQC hd d{!' dua dl1n ma.y di)t. SAn ph.ft':m cu6i cung cua
cOng lit vAi. Sau d6 vAi dtlQc chuy{!n sang qua trinh xli Ii h6a h9C nhtt tdy,
aily, in boa ...
Vi co tM' chia 'cAe may co Mn lAm ba lolP ch{nh thea' qua trlnh cOng ;
- May cOng eQi nhu may d(lp xe bOng, may chAit may keo sQi thO, may keo sQi
con;
- Miy cOng nhtt may dAnb 6ng, mAy mlic Sl;Ii, may hd, may
- May trong qua trinh hoan nbu may yAng sa'.y. may in hoa ...
Ngoai ra, cae may sQi - ron dliQC phAn theo tinh chllt vl)t va tfnh chA't
lAm nhu may sQi bOng, sQi len .. , may thai, kim.
o cac may sQi - mOmen phl,l tM Me trong qua trinh lAm co IA h;\ng
s6 bil1n d6i tuy thu.,c vAa t6c d." quAng dubng vA thbi gian. Tuy thea tlnh
tAi rnA tilt cA may trang cOng c6 thl1 chia lAm 5 nhom ;
NhOm 1 : g6m cac may cd mOmen too lA h;\ng s6 = canst v{Ji t6c dQ djnh muc.
Vi dv. : may in, M.
Nhom 2 : g6m cac may cd mOmen IAi tinh. thay d6i tl vOl t6c d., quay : Me = c.n.
Vi dl,l : may may Ua sQi thO ...
Nh6m 3 : g6m cac may cd Me = c.n
2
. VI dv. : may sQi con, may qUf,lt gio ...
Nhom 4 : g6m cae may rnA Me phl,l thuec chu }4u viw qua trinh d.,ng M = f(a),
Vi dl,l : may dfilt.
Nh6m 5 g6m cAc may co Me phl,l thul)c vAa thbi gian. Vi d1,l : may chAL
169
'.
Chuong 15
TRANG B!
" , , , ,
nl NHOM MAY KEO SQI
San pMm cua quA trlnh keo SQi lA sQi con. Xa (bOng, len,. day, to tam ... ) thllong
dUQc toi va trn de thu dugc xc cd thAnh pha:n dinh trudc vA b6 cae eMit,
xp thiinh lap, sall do qua qua trlnh chAi de Lam slitch, thanh cui. De co de. d6ng
M day va thanh phAn, cui dl1QC dlla qua may ghep, sao do mdi duQ'c keo thanh
sQi the> r6i sQi COn.
Tily thea quA trlnh cOng va d{k diem cua Xci, cQc may ken sQi dl1QC chia thanh

Thea dQ,c cOng ngh$, cd mAy mAy ghep, mAy chili, mAy Sc;:Ii thO, mlliy
sQi con.
Thea d(1c digm cua xci, cd quA trinh keo sqi bOng, Sc;:Ii len, sQi to tAm, day gaL..
Cae quA trlnh nAy cd nhung d(1c digm khAc nOOu. Trang chuang nay gi{Ji trang
b! - ttl mOt s6 mAy trong h(! mAy sQi, mAy sQi tM, may sQi len.
15.1. TRANG B! Til MAy sql THO
1. duim cling ngM
may keo sC}i thb, cui dU:Qc bl) keo dill him nha t{Ji mQt dO manh nMIt
sau do dl1QC xe thanh Bt:;li thO. SQi thO du'C}c qm'ln thAnh 6ng dti ti(!n cho
vi(!c chc'J vA Mn gia may keo sQi con.
MAy Sc;:Ii thP cd nhung b ph$n chfnh' th\1'C hi(!n quA trlnh cOng ngM keD nM cui
thanh thO nhll sau (hinh 15-1)
1 - CAe b ph$.n dAn cUi hay sQi thO vito 'mAy.
2 - B9 pMn keo dM.
3 - Co cu xe
l
qut1n 6ng.
Cui 'til thimg 1 di vbng qua tr1,1C dAn cUi 2 vAo bO dich dliu m6i a r6i qua
bg ph*n keo .dAi b6n tTl,lC 4. BQ ph$.n keD dAi Ilm nM cUi dl1n mQt dQ manh yl!u
Ra kh6i bl) keo d.Ai,' l{Jp xC lu6n van 16 5 eua gAng 6. Gang cAm
CQC 7 quay nhanh. Do mgt -dliu l{Jp xd duC}c tTl,lC thll 1 cua hg keD dai giu chl}t,
cbn dl"Iu -kia lu6n 16 dJ'Iu gang cho nE;n c'll m6i ml)t vbng quay cua CQC va gang, sQi
tha nhf).n dUQc mt vang xoAn, sau do lu6n van nhAnh gang r6ng, u6n quanh tay gAng
8 r6i qu.:1t l!n 6ng 9. 6ng SQi co kfch thu{Jc, et1u vA hlnh d2}ng nhl'lt dinh (d2}ng
hlnh tTl,l (j giOa; hai dliu hlnh ndn C1,lt).
170
'.
f
1
'mnh 15-1. S" dO may sQi 1M.
dAm bAa dO sa.n cua sc;Ji khOng pbt\i giu t6c dO cUB gAng vA. t6c dO ra sc;Ji 11\
khOng d6i.
ciu dO cling eua sc;Ji trong qUA trlnh qua:n 6ng vA. cAe lOp s pbt\i nhau nan
t6c de) cua 6ng BI;1i phAi giAm dl1n thea 811 tAng dtibng klnh cua 6ng sc;Ji.
2. tinh phil tili va yen cllu dOng ellB mlly s\li
a) D4c tlnh phq, tdi ella mdy IUQ s tM
Trong quA trinh. sQi dOng 'qudn via 6ng. khi kJllJi dOng, sA co ba thAnh phAn
,h,1C rna Bt1} : slit B,ijla "ua:n, ma sat trdng:nu1y slit giua SQi - khOng
khL V1 v$y'ngu:bi. ta dua r&' d,"g d4c tinh ph" tAl ,nbu ,hlnh 15-2. TI,li a, khi bAt
dAu m{J may. m(lmen ph" tAl Me ilni. vi ma'sAt cUB mAy trong cAe l5 trQc IOn. Khi t6c
dl) tAng dn, Me giAm vi ma'sAt giAm dAn ab), TroIlg nAy, ma slit gilts sQi
- kh011g khl kbOng 41!'ng Ttl b trd <Ii, khi t6c 40 dOng"" lA ma
sAt gi1l8 sQl - khOng khl eftng tang db lfn. Khi t6c dO quAn sqi cang tAng thl h,tc can
cua kbOng khl tAc d1Jng lAn SQi elng tang w. kAt quA Il Me cO d,ng nhU: bc .
.
b) Ylu ellu drmg eua may sqi
YAu clu co bAn cua truy4!n dng mAy sqi lA kh{Ji dOng Am. qua trlnh khdi dng
xAy ra dt ngt, gAy ra xung l1,tc Ibn, gAy b,tc cang dQt ngQt vA gAy dut sQi.
khAc, 86 IAn kMi dng, dung cua mAy sQi thO thubng Ibn. Vl vl1ly, dOng cO dUQc su
dl,mg phAi dOn gian, hanh tin co d Mn cao.
dAm baa qua trlnh kh{Ji dOng Am, phM dam baa gia t6c cUe. M lA hang 96, nghla
la mOmen dOng la khOng dOL
171
'.
Mdc')ng = Mo - Me =
Do do, d$c dnh co hie kMi dOng co
phM gi6ng dnh phI,!. tai nhu tr@n
hlnh (15-2). D@' dUQc Hnh dOng nhu
hlnh( 15-2) Dgdbi ts thubng stl d\lDg
d!)ng co khOng ddng bl) rotor 16ng soc co
thAm mot trc'.! hol),c khang ph1,l
stator. Trang qua trinh kh6i d(lng,
tm ph1.l Rs ho$,c khang ph1,l Xs dUQc dUa
stator. Khi tde dO eua dOng co
Me dO dinh mile thl di/iln trc'.! hol).c khang
ph1,l do dllQC kh6i stator.
3. So dO khi@n may sQi thO P-168-3
DOng cd d(lng cho may lA dl)ng Cel
khOng d6ng bl) rotor ldng soc D loQ.i AOT cOng
dw
T dt = canst
o
mnb 15-2. DG.c tinh phI,! tAi
va dOng ca Clla may sQi.
sua:t 1,7kW ; 2,BkW ; 4,5kW tuy thU(lC s6 c9c sqi (hlnh 15-3),
DI1 bi khOi dOng, dong cAu daD CDl a dOng l\1c vA elk cliu dao CD2,
CD3 6 khi@'n. Sau khi t4t cA cAe ndp may, etta ngda 6 tll dA d6ng thi
mob 15-3. so d6 diru may SQi th{) P168-3.
172
"
cac c6ng tAc hanh trinh CT1 CT7 xu6ng dl1bi (vi trl 2), cae den tin
Do + 07 tat, baa eo khOi dOng dl1t;Jc.
may cO b6 tri 20 b nut in : M1, D1, M2, D2 .... M20, D20 d9C thea bAng n:tay
cho vi(\c mAy. khai dQng mAy sgi thO, Co fin mQt trong
cae nut an Ml... M20 ; role thbi gian RTh c6 c6ngtttcta K co di(\n. Khi do dQng
cd D dogc n6i vAo lobi Do trubc do rale trung gian RTr1 co di(\n khang
X
F
dl1ge n6i vao stator. Nho dOng ed D dogc khd'i dOng vtJi X
F
trong m(lch
stator. Sau thbi gian chlnh dinh cua RTh, tit!p RTh cua no Be elit rale RTr1
X
F
ra khOi stator.
BAo dut sgi nha cae tit!p RQ1... RQ6. Khi dl1t sgi, cae rdle quang RQl...
RQ6 se tac dOng, dU!'n:t eua no Be n:td ra ngdt RTr2. C6ngta.ctd K mit
d9ng Cd se dung l(li.
Bao nglin bAng d.u chi CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4. BAo qua till cho dQng ca
ba.ng role nhi(\t RN1, RN2.
15.2. TRANG B! - Til MAy 5(;11 LEN
1. D(ic diim
Keo sgi IS. kha.u tOdng d6i quan trQng trong cOng d.(\t.
Sgi len dogc dem dlilt thanh vAi dung trong sinh may m$c va ki : Cac
m$,t hang qua qua trlnh thobng la ni, d/il, cha.n, khAn quang, 00, bIt tilt, mil, yang
d(ln:t, dai v.v ...
Qua trinh keo Bl;1i len chU. yt!u thl1c hi(ln hai : M chAi hgp va M chAi
kl. Trang m6i tuy dl)c digm va dnh chl1t nhl1 dtj mAnh, d dw, dQ kh6ng
dtj ch1la Wp .v.v ... cia Xd len rna qUA trlnh gia cOng cd khAc nhau. chAi HAn
hgp pha.n ra : chAi hgp len mllnh, M chM hQp len th6. chili ki g6m cd
M chili kI len mAnh, hi) chAi ld len thO va M chili ld rut gQn.
Trang cA hai h(l cMi, qua t:rlnh keo BQi len tit. len Mu qua c8c giai cd MIl sau :
Chua":n bj nguyl\n lieu : 0 giai dOl;ln' nAy len dil Sl;lch vA dong thanh
dl1Qc xe toi w. lAm sl;lch cae chIn r6i dl11;1C trn dg wo mOt li(\u th6ng nha:t.
Sau do, dem tAm nhl1 tOdng, chAi dg hinh thil.nh sgi.
Titm nhil tOdng c6 tAc dl,IDg giam Mt hien tl1Qng phAt sinh tInh di(\n trang
lAm tAng dAn dnh cho len vA gift: cho len khOng bi haa hl,lt dQ am trong cae qUA
trlnh gia cOng tit!p thea.
Cui len ciing dl1Qc kea thanh sgi Cac mAy 1000 Bgi thO vA mAy kio Sl;1i con.
2, Ttl dOng h6a may sQi ten
May sgi len lam vililc vtJi t6c d quay nM hdn mAy sQi hOng dbi h6i h,fc
hQc may trong qua trlnh qua dQ phill t6t hdn mAy sQi bOng. Nt!u giAm d1lt (2 +. 16)%
khi chinh Cd bAn vA chlnh thea UJp se giAm til\u haa nguyl\n (2 + 11)%
va tAng na.ng sua:t (2,5 + 8%) toy thea s6 sQi. chlnh t6t nt!u
173
trong do l' - Thbi gian qua dl,'l
T m - Hlng sO thbi gian din 00 ella M d(lng.
Xet sa d6 may sQi eua hAng Carnitti - Morelli IT) vl:li dQng dung dl,'lng co
ml,'lt (hinh 15-4)
dQng chlnh nhb dl,'lng ca ml,'lt Dl. chinh toc dQ nhb khugch dij,i
tit MA Dl,'lng co Dl cO cul,'ln ldch tit dl,'lc CKD, cuQn bu CB noi nguQe. M<;lch pMn
ung dUQc cung cilp ap tli khui!ch tii: MA2 th\iC thea sa d6 pM.n hoi trang.
N6 co 6 cul,'ln lam moi cul,'ln dUQc noi vCi'i ml,'lt di6t thl!c phAn Mi
trong duong, nhlm na.ng caa sO khui!ch MA2 c6 cuQn chuyen dich (mQt -
baa bOa) Wll vil cUQn khiAn W10. Nhb cul,'ln Wll rna lam vi<: clla KDT
MA2 dUQc XB.C dtnh sao cha khi dong qua W10 blng 0 thl MA2 hit dau lam viC a
philn dnh c1la dl)c tuyi!n cua no.
CUQn khiA'n W10 dUQc cilp tii: tit mQt pha MAL De tang dong
trung blnh trang cul,'ln nily, co t1,l C noi song song 0 dtiu ra.
MAl co 7 cul,'ln khiAn :
WI - W2 cuQn khil!n, ca:p din tu dtiu ra cua xenxa cam dng IS vA chung lAm
thay ddi dong tdng ella MAl tuang dng vl:li ap MA2 thea dubng
kfnh qu.lin.
m
Hlob 15-4. So ad diAl khien mAy keo sQi len.
174
'.
W3 - cue)n chu d(lO dUQc cap tu be) ehlnh luu ciu diOt ba pha CL1 va ap
P05. No xac djnh t6e d/,'lng cd.
W4 - cun dich, cbgn lam tInh MAL
W5 - eun pMn h6i Am dong Co ngAt, de dong d/,'lng cd. ap ti
v6i dong dl)ng cd rai R12 n6i thll cl1p dong BD, qua b chlnh htu CL4 ;
ap nay dugc so sanh voi ap chi@"t ap R6. N@"u dong VUlJt qua gia
tri cho phep thi cun W5 c6 dang vii ap ra MAl giam (do sllc tit dng
trE'm W5 ngulJc voi sllc tu dng cua cul)n chu W3), khi do t6c d cua 01
giam, mOmen tuang ung gic\m.
W6 - cue)n phAn h6i Am ap cua dl)ng cO, c6 tAe d\lng dn dlnh t6c dl) d()ng Cd
M1 khi dong tAi qua cUQn biI CB thay ddi.
W7 - cUQn phan h6i Am ap ra cua MAl dg lam t6t phim tuyen tInh cua
va giam nha Mng 96 thbi gian.
Trang may c6 thiet bi chuang trlnh IS. bien ap vi pba.n quay. Cul)n'so c<'lp
dL1lJc clip tu cac phAn the P1 va P2. d()ng tbu cA:p thay d6i thea vj tri
phan ung. Tin ra giAm khi tam nAng tren muc duong ldnh quan nha nMl va
tang dan theo qua trlnh tha t<'lm nAng toi dubng kinh Ibn nh<'lt.
.JCh chU.,Ye"/,
IT/ibD
8
o
I
o
)(
lrmh 15-5. so d6 dOng Regulator Tni\y Camitti-Mcrelli.
DI) Um tra P 1 va P2 thay dOi
theo dia chudng trl.nh c6 prOphin xac
dlnh quy cua tin khign
ca ban. chlnh bang tay nhb chiet
lip P3 va P4.
BO ci.Jnh (Regulator) (hlnh 15-5)
cua may keo sqi c6 thanh rl1ng 1 treo
Uim vong, th1,l'c de)ng tinh
tien qua tuang Ilng vai
dQng tinh tien cua tllm vong va th1,l'c
dl)ng tinh tien mt phia
tuang ung vt'Ji dich the') (Cd
ban) Clla tAm vang.
dng qua C4p banh rl1ng
cOn 4 vA 5 cho xenxd 6
tin thay ddi t6c d chuyt1'n dl)ng
tlnh
Oi CO bAn cda thanh rl1ng
khOng Anh hullng tOi d It'Jn goe quay
cua xen.x.a do kht'Jp n6i rna sat 3 vl1
cU: ch$n git'Ji hilnh trlnh xenxa.
DIa cO tbanh hlnh 13 duqc
tn;n tI"1,lC banh rAng 2. M6i d,ich
thanh rAng trai ting v6i
nAng ta:m vang mot It va
hanh 2 quay mQt goc do, qua cJ;a6t
175
12 liim quay dia 11 vii trvc vit 14 co dia chuang tnnh 10. cae con IAn 9 dia 10
qua don 8 vii banh rAng 7 se quay chii!t lip PI vii P2.
Cu6i qua trinh thao, dia chuang trlnh tra lai trl ban dliu.
Cac tin xenxa chl.nh tho va tinh dUQc cng khulk:h qua khui!ch
til MAl, sau d6 dua toi cun dieu khii!n WI0 cda khu&h tu ba pha MA2.
Sa d6 d<;tng nhu sau (hlnh 15-4).
chAn dong thl til!p dii!m KQ dong. Dong cliu dao CDI vii cOng tk KL thl bii!n
ap Tl co dieu co
An nut V thi K2 co dong cho dQng ca mat D2, dOng thai
d6ng tiep t\l duy tTl. K2 va chua:n bi cho Kl liirn Den DRI sang.
o v1 tTi ban dAu tii!p thuong ma cua thanh da: sqi KB I chua dong, den DR2
khOng sang.
Khi Ml (ho:;"c M2) thl Kl c6 dong ngu6n xoay chieu cho b chl.nh luu CL1
va khuch tu MA2, dQng ca DI co Den DKl va DK2 sang.
Trong qua trlnh sqi, dl!n vi trl dong KB2 thi rdle trung gian RTr2 dong,
tin DTI vii DT2 sang, tren gili mAc baa giai dOf,ln cu6i cua qua trlnh sqi.
D6ng thbi hie nAy til!p TK cua thiet bi chudng trlnh dong m{Lch rale RTrl.
" Tiep thubng dong RTrI ngdt thil!t bi chudng trlnh vA khi dd W3 cua MAl
duqc n6i tMrn tra R3 giarn t6c dQ cUa dOng Cd Ml.
Sau do vong nang }An trl!n, iln voo til1p dit1'm KB3" a dtiu rale trung gian
RTr3 dong, chuin bi dong RTr4.

dong cho nam cham NC. Khi do cd C!U Mm vbng kh6i btinh tAm
sqi, qua tay don, a:n cOng tAc cu6i Clla banh cdc KB4 dong ...
COng tAc tel K3 dong cung vlli rale gian RTh4. RTh2 vA dQng cd D3 tha vanh
dUl;lc dong. Role RThl dul;lC chlnh eao cho D1 lAm. 11ic tha vAnh thi bi ngAt
(quay theo quan dnh) dAm bAo qulIn ch$.m clln CQC sQi.
Sau khi tii!p dong RThl rna thl Kl mt di9n. ngdt dQng ca DI, con
D2, D3 duqc dung khi til!p role thbi gian RTh2 mlJ. th6ng truyen dOng tra
tha.i ban dtiu.
Dng cd D2 ki!t vlli Urn vong qua bQ truyan ma sat nM.m tranh silt va hic thii
xoong hoon toAno TlIm vong khi thA, de til!p dil1m KBI tranh ma may khong
dung (den DH2 sang).
Bao qua tAi cho dOng ca Dl nhb role RN.
176
Chuung 16
TRANG B!

San phim cu6i cung clla dAy cong sQ'i - vaL VAi duqc thanh
ma.y
SQ'i con dllQC dua qua ca.e giai dO!;lD : danh 6ng, mac sgi, M S9'i ... r6i dl1a vaa may

Trang aa.y chuyen cong tuy thea chile mlng va c6ng ngM rna co
cae IO!;li mAy : may q usn 6ng, may mAc sQ'i, ma.y h6, may suot, ma.y ; cae may holm
nhu: may vang sd-y, mAy in hoa.
Trang phlin nay se giai thiti!u trang bi diti!n tu coa m(lt so may nhU: : mAy ma..c,
'. may m..ay in hoa.
16.1. TRANG B! - Til MAy MAC 5<;,.
1. Di,ic diim cong
Bup sQ'i hay 6ng sQ'i sau khi danh 6ng dllQ'C dua sang gian mac de quan sc;1i
thung mAc (tr\lc mAc) voi 86 8Q'i nb!!t d,nh vi'!. cd dhl nhl1t dinh tuy thuc vaa
kM rQng ella vai yl!u cu.
Qua trlnh ma..c sqi phM dam bao cAe yeu cu sau :
- KhOng lam thay ddi tfnh ch!'lt co Ii cua "sqi.
- Suc mng Clla cA cAe sql phAl <Mu MaU vl khOng ddi trong su6t qua trlnh m:1c SQi.
- SQi q1.l.!'ln tr\lc ml1c phlli phAn ph6i thea chilfu rQng coa t1"\lC mA.c
cun sQi coa trl,lc IA hlnh trl,l.
- Bao dam q un du dBi quy dinh.
Tiiy thea dnh ch!'lt coa vai va cong ngM rnA cd cac phudng phap mAc sau
aJ Mac d"3ng loq.t :
M6i trl,lC mA.c dUQc qu!'ln mt phan 86 sqi dQC COa vAi toan bQ kh6 rng ella
tr\lC. Sau d6 mQt 96 n trl,lC mAc gbep vai nhau vii qu!'ln thung sao cho
tang 86 sQi clla n tr\lc bAng 86 sc;H c;iu thiing
Phuong phap nay cho nang Bullt COO nhung pM phlim thuoog dung cho SQi bOng.
b) Mac phan Mng :
St;1i dugc ghep vai nhau thAnh bAng va qu.lin trlln mt clla t1"\lC mac.
khi dtl dlli quy djnh thl cA.t ba.ng sQi di vii quArt tiep vao mt bang khac ben
ba.ng d6, cho den khi tdng s6 sgi. cua cac ba.ng s6 Sc;li tren thung dt.
177
pM.n ba.ng thubng dung cho sQi td, 9Qi mau. Phudng phap nay na.ng suat
thAp nhung ph;!lm it, nen dung cho cac laf).i sQi dAt ti{!n.
c) M4c phdn doq.n :
Cac trt,lC a dAy tUdng d6i va moi tr\lc dU9c qUAn mt so sQi nhAt dinh,
co dQ dB.i tUdng duong dQ dB.i sQi cua thung Sau do dem n tr1,1c mac gMp vai nhau
thanh hang ngang va qufIn lfut thung
Phudng pha.p nay thubng ap d1,1ng trong nganh kim dan d9! .

vao cac phuong phap mac mB. co cac : may mAc d6ng lOf).t, may mac phAn
ba.ng, rn.ay mac phAn dOf).n va may mAc d!)c
2. LVe keo sQi, d(ie tinh may mile va eau truyen dOng may mde
a) L1,l'c keo 9Qi trong khi mac 9Qi
D('J ca.ng cua sQi co Y nghla Ion d6i v{Ji qua trinh cong theo cua may
D('J cAng cua sQi Ion qua. lam cho dl? gian lon, hay dllt sQi. DO cang khOng deu
nhau cua sQi se anh huang den chAt luQng cua vai. Do d6, trong qua. trl:nh mAc phai
dam bao It,iC ca.ng cua sQi Ia khong ddi.
Trong qua trlnh mAc, sQi ph3.i chiu cac ll,ic cllng sau :
+) cAng F Kl khi quan SQi, dUQc xa.c dinh thea cOng thuc :
F
_ G.f.r
k! - P
, [N].
Trang do : r - ban kinh loi thung BQi mAc, [m]
f - s6 ma sat
G - t1'9ng luc;tng thong BQi mAc, [N]
p - ban klnh thong sQi mAc, [m]
()6-l)
Kh6i.luo:ng thung sQi mAc baa g6m kh6i luc;mg lot thung sQi va kh6i lUQng sQi
thung mAc.
+) Ll,ic cAng ph1.,l sinh ra lu.c rna may do qulin dnh cua thung mac
LJ
F" P , [N]
()6-2)
Trang do : J - mOmen qulin dnh Clla thung mac, [kgm2]
- gia t6c g6c cua thUng mAc [s-2}.
t la thbi gian tiI hie mC:l may khi thung mac dt;lt gia t6c khOng ddi thl
Vai v - t6c sOi keo bn/s]
Khi do :
v.J
F"
r . t
Tli do th:y d{!' ca.ng F k2 khOng ta.ng nhanh va khOng Ian thi d.n tang t6c
dO qm1n v len tit tit.
178
'.

+) Lvc ca.:rig khi mAc Sl;Ii
LL,ic cang khi sQi bhng tong lL,iC mng sinh ra do thao SQi tu bup, do rna sat cua
91;1i, do suc can khOng khi khi sgi dOng.
Vi d1:1 : IVc ca.ng 8fJi khi mac do anh h1.1lJng cua khOng khI d1.1Qc clnh theo c6ng thuc :
trong d6
F" k . . v'. d . l" , [N]
k-Ms6succAn
Q - kh6i lU:t;lng cua J:.iliOng khf [kg/m
l
]
v - t6c de? sQi keo [m/s]
d - d1.1bng kinh 8fJi [m]
10 - d dai dOf,ln sQi clin xa.c dinh Ivc ca.ng [m]
b) Da.c clnh may mlLc va yAu cliu truyt1n dQng diQn cUa may mAc:
+) Hnh :
T6c d cua M may mac noi chung co vi dit1u chinh t6c d D ::::: 4 : 1.
(16-3)
Trong phl.lm vi t6c dO nay, dO mng cua sl;Ii ciing c6 xlic dinh theo c(}ng thuc
kinh :
F = 0,048 v - b
Trang dd : F - dO cAng cua sqi.
v - t6c d dID cua SQi mAc (m/ph)
b - hhng 96, th1.1bng b = 8 + 14.
Trang qua trlnh lam phai dam baa
Ivc mng khOng d6i dap ang d1.1qc cae
ctiu cOng ngM.
Vi v$y, cIin duy trl t6c dO diU khOng d1li ,
v=n.D.n
Trang dd ,D - du/mg kllIh cUa ""'i mAc.
n - t6c dQ quay cUa t1",1C mAc.
,if,n,r,iI
riD)

"I: (0)
Do d6 khf mAc st:;1i, di1bng Idnh D clla nlll) JJ
trl,lc mlLe tAng tbl t6c dO quay. clla tr\lc IL ____
mAc Cb phM giAm xu60g thea lu$.t .
h bO hu hi h '16-1 . mob 16-1. SI,I phl,l thuQe -CUB l\fe clng, t6c dQ
ypec 0 n n dAi mOmcn. t6c dQ quay vila dIJt'lng kinh tIVe mk
D1.1bng 1 : quan M giua l1,tc cang vii d1.1bng Idnh trvc rolLe.
. ,
Dubng 2 : quan M giua t6c dO' dM cla st:;1i vii dubDg" kioh tl'1,lC rolLc.
Dubng 3 : quan giua roOmen ph\! too vii d1.1bng kinh
D1.1bng 4 : quan M giua t6c d quay cua trvc mAc vOl d1.1bng kinh tl'1;lC mAc.
+) cliu dOng diQD. :
th6ng dQng. va dil1u phai dam baa sao cho :
- D6rig nMl d mng trong qua trlnh qufin sqi vii t61:: dO dai cUa Sl;Ii Iii hAIig 56 de'
diim baa 9qi d1.1Qc phAn b6 tr!n cua tTI,lC khOng 16i 10m.
179
'.
Tit cac quan M iJ hlnh 2-1, nh(ln tha:y, de: dap ung duc;1c cau thl M
dOng di(m phai chinh t6c dO sao cho giua P e "'" const, nghta la Me ti nghlch voi
t6c dQ quay cua qulln. "
- Khoi di)ng pM,i va thay ddi tOc dO de tranh dut Sc;1i, vi dO tinh di(!u
ch1nh t6c d() cang gan 1 cang t6t.
- HAm nhanh, trong cac may ma.c thubng dung hAm dOng nAng.
- Phai co tin baa dung may khi Sc;1i dut, khi gUt Sc;1i qua to so voi yeu cau,
khi sc;1i dut dau m6i, khi tr1,lc dA day Sc;1L
- Dieu khien may tit xa va dai dieu ch1nh t6c dO rQng.
C!'ic thOng d(>ng thubng dUng:
- th6ng co khOng d6ng b kt hQ"p voi bO truyl!n Cd khi de thay ddi t6c dO.
- MDKD - D, thay deli t6c dO dong Cd bAng thay doi ap phat ra cua may
khuech d:;ti va thay deli tit thOng cua dOng co.
- chlnh luu - D (kh6ng khien), thay d6i tOc dO thay deli lip dOng
Cd (nM ap cung cllp ngu6n cho chlnh luu) va thay d6i tit thOng dOng Cd.
- T - D, thay deli tOc d dQng co 0 cA hai virng : ap va til thOng dOng cd.
- bien tan BT - D.
3. So dO df@u khien m6y mAc sQi 4142
May mAc sQ"i 4142 (Ddc) cO nhiem V1,l cung cp s dqe cho cae may Cac sQ"i
dQc nay dUQ"c Uly tit 290 - 600 bup s. TUy thea tih"!-g mG.t hang rna s6 s dUQ"c qulln
tr1,lc mlic hay It.
may mAc sQ"i 4142 cO cae dOng cd dong sau :
- DOng cd D 1 la dOng cd mOt cO sut P = 4KW, dong cho trv.c
mAc.
- DOng cd D2 1A .dOng CO khOng d6ng ba pha 16ng sOc cO cOng sullt P = 0,09 kW,
mat cho dQng Cd chlnh.
- DOng Cd D3 cd cOng sullt 0,37 kW, truyGn dOng cd CU nAng dan sQ"t
- Dng cd D4 c6ng sua:t P = O,18kW, dung dl kep
- DOng cd D5 - dung dl nAng bAn sQi.
Sd d6 khien may mdc sc;1i 4)42 dUQc va (J hlnh (2-2a,b)
DOng cd truyen dOng chinh 1;>1 dUQc clp ngu6n til bQ chlnh 1uu khien cl1u mQt
pha khOng d6i xung gelm 2 thyristor vA 2 di6t.
th6ng dOng dien duc;1c theo M th6ng kin voi hOO m!.lch yang
dieu chinh toc dO vA chinh dbng He th6ng dieu khiln xung dUQc xAy
d1,1ng Mc th!ng dung.
So d6 cua h(i th6ng chinh va khiln (tudng tl,t nhu cua may kim).
T6c dQ dOng cd dLiQc chinh bAng chlnh ap phl1n ung cua"dOng co.
180
BI) d6i duqc dong vao ngu6n h16i nhb cOngtActd Dg. DOng Cd Dl dl1qc n6i
vAa BBD nhb mc cOngtActd KT KN). ap chu tdc dQ cho dng Cd
dl1qc My ap Rwl (t6c dO th4p) Rw2 (khi dQng Cd quay ngtigc trong
trubng hqp go r6i sqi), Rw3 (0 dt')"IAm t1,1 dOng).
Trang qua trlnh lam dubng kinh trl,lc mlic da':n d{!' dam baa 11,1C ca.ng
va tdc dO dai khOng d6i, t6c dl) gOc cua trt,lC mAc vA do dO t6c dl) dOng cd phai giAm
di tUdng I1ng: DA' thl,{c duc;lc cliu do, 5gi dU<;lc thanh m\ng, tren thanh
na.ng mOt cOngtac tll:. Khi duang kinh cua trt,lc mAc lam cho Sc;li khOng vit
vAo thanh nllng, lAm ml;lCh tu duc;lc kMp kin. Thanh nAng dUc;lC nAng nhb dOng Cd D5
(hinh 16-2a) truyen dOng qua hOp tde dl), ddng thai qua mOt b giAm t6c Cd khf, con trugt
ella bin tro di chuyn theo huang tll: thOng; t6c dO co xu hudng giAm xu6ng
tUdng I1ng vlli duong kInh trt,lc mAc. T6c dO cUa dng Cd trong qua trlnh dl)ng do se duoc
dn djnh nhb M th6ng truyen dOng thl,{c theo th6ng kin.
Sa do dieu tl,{ dOng dQng dAm bAa cho may cO lam tl,{
dOng a m9i dip t6c dO, 6n dinh t6c dQ, tl,{ dl)ng dung may khi du s6 vang, chieu dai,
khi cO 16i : dl1t Sc;li, gUt sc;Ii qua to ...
D{!' chu!in bi lam dong apWmat AB, dt')ng Wc va dieu khi{!'n duqc dip
I. ngu6n, cOngtactd K2 cO dng ca mat cho dOng Cd chlnh quay, d6ng thai cac
rdle RTr31, RTr32 co ct'lp ngu6n cho khi'Si chit ap t6c dO.
Qua trinh khai dOng may duqc dil:!n ra a 2 giai dO!;ln : ch!;ly t6c dl) th4p dam baa
QTQD. em, khOng dut sqi ; sau do ta.ng t6c dO trong dQ lam t1,1 dOng. D
khai dOng may (; ch d/)' t6c dO th!ip, ngubi hanh Mn M;z rdle
trung gian RTr2 cd lam cho RTr23 cO ; chit ap Rwl ung viii tde dQ th4p
duc;lC n6i vAo ngu6n va ap chu dl;lO nhO U
edl
duqc vAo BBD. D6ng thai KP1
m4t luqt cac cOngtActd KP2, KT, Rth, KP3 co CuOn nam cha.m NC cd
; 1l6i trl,lC dOng Cd va tr\lc mac. DOng cd Dl duqc n6i vAo BBD v6i c1,1c tlnh
ap tuang ung v6i chieu qulin sc;li nha KT ; cOngtActd KK cd n6i ngAn
bin .tro Rk ; tu thOng dOng to sa dQ,t tri 56 dinh muc dm ; do xu4t dbng kich
HC" rale kim tra tu thOng RTT tac. dOng, dong eho rdle RKT, vA cu6i eilng la
cOngtActd Dg cd BBD dUQc cung c4p ngu6n xoay Dng Cd chinh Dl khai
dOng vA quay v6i t6c dO tMp. Sau kbi sqi da. dUQc qu4n 6n djnh vAo tr\lC ngubi
hAnh cO th ta.ng t6e dO qulfu sQi bb.ng t'ln nut Ml MH ; role RTrl co
RTr2 m4t dAn dn RTr23 mt'lt ; role RTr21, Rtr22 co ; ap chu
Be duqc My chit ap Rw3 co gia tr!. Mn. D6ng tbbi, cOngtActd KK mt'lt
bin trll duqe dua vAo mQ,ch kIch tu, tu thOng dOng Cd giAm di, dOng cd Dl ta.ng
tile dO dn s6 ban dAu tuang'ling v6i t6c dO dAi clu khi qu4n vA dubng
kinh trt,lC mAe ban dtiu. Trong qua trInh qu4n s<;Ii, Mc dO dOng co vA t6e dO trt,lC mAc
duc;lc chlnh vA 6n dinh turJng ung vlli dubng klnh tr\lc mAc d dAm bAo t6e dO
dai eua Bl;li khOng d6i. .
dung may, 4n nut Dl Dl1), role RTrl m4t dAn dn KPl co
RTh, Dg m4t BBD duQ'c cAt khOi ngu6n xoay ehilfu vA' cOngtActa KH co dOng
cd Dl duqc ha.m dOng Sau thai gian chinh cUa RTh:, KP3 mat
tr\lc mAc dul;lC l(li nhb NC.
181
Khi 8Qi qutln dli vang vi\ dai thi clla dattric do 86 vang va d() d9.i
PI, P2 kin, :nlle R3, R4 c6 dAn role RTrl mtlt
Trong qua trinh mde sQi, SQi ddt se ti llln thanh lamen va tiE!p Ro ella xenxa
bt\o d1l:t sc,1i se kin, role Rl cO se cAt ml;\ch ella RTrl.
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Blob 16- 28, Sci dO ,nguyen Ii he th6ng dOng dien J]ll\y m!c ,",i (ph!n fT1tI.Ch IlJc).
182
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Hlnh 16- 2b. So d6 nguyen It M th6ng truyen dng dien may mAc sc;Ij (pMn JJ1?ch di6..i khien).
Trong trllbng hQp gUt SQi qua to, tiep dim RQ eM xenxo ,quay do dl) cua Sl;1i
se dong, role R2 co cling dtin den ciit RTrl.
Qua trlnh dUng may trong cae Wbng hgp tren xAy ra wang tI,I' nhu khi t1n nut D1 (Dll).
183
Khi sQ'i bi dut vA quiln vAo trl,lC mac, 'dl!' noi sQ'i, nguoi vfin hanh phAi quay nguQ'c
tr1,lc quan, tAi sqi nguqc do bAng iln nut M4 dd- RTr3 cd
cOngtilctd KN, K31 role RTr33, K41 co , dng cO d1.1Q'c n6i vao BBD vai dnh
nguQ'c ap chu d1.1Qc lily chi@'t.ap cO tri so be, dim sQ'i d1.1Qc mlng
iln vA sQ'i d1.1Q'c K@'t quA trl,lC mac quay ng1.1Q'c voi toc d thap, s'Qi d1.1Qc tAi ra.
khit'!n ban nAng :
Nhu da phAn dch, trong qua trl:nh mAc sQ'i vao tr1,lC mac, ban nang d1.1Q'c nang
cimg voi tt\ng cua d1.1bng kinh trl,lC mac, nh1.1 Cll sau m5i Illn quan sQi, ban nang
dLiQ'C nang len d muc dQ nhat dinh tuy theo d1.1bng k[nh t:r1,lC quari Ibn, be va d9 dill
cua sQ'i quan vao t:r1,lC.
Dt'! th1,1C mac SQi vao m(lt trt,lC mtli, phAi han nang xuong vi trl thap nhiIt
bling nut An M3, cOngtacto K52 co dong cho dOng cd nling hf,l bAn D5, ban
nang d1.1Qc xu6ng, d6ng thbi do co M co khi, con tr1.1qt t:rd R
k
, cAc
lip Rdl' R
dZ
cllng di chuyt'!n vj trl ban dciu. Khi ban d1.1Qc hf,l xu6ng vj t:rf tha:p nhi'It,
c6ngtActd hAnh trlnh HT3 ho, cAt K52, dng cd D5 mat Cong tac
hanh trlnh HT1, HT2 hf,ln ch@' gioi cao nhilt cua ban nAng.
16.2. sa DO DlEU KHIEN Mi,.y OeT KIM
1. Khfli ve may kim
kim 18. nganh chuylln mon trong COng ngh(! sQi d(lt,' duQ'c hinh thanh va phat
trien t:rong khoang 100 nllm nay va d6 rat r(lng Ion. SAn kim th1.1Ong
g6m cac Ao may sAn dung de' lot va ngoai nh1.1 may 0, so mi, b[t
tat, gAng tay ...
A
So vtli thoi thi qua t:rinh san
xuiIt kim t1.1ang d6i don gian,
sQ'i chi clln qua c6ng chul1n bj
nhU aAnh 6ng mac sQi lit cO
thi! d1.1a vAo may kim, khac vO'i
vlli thoi, vai kim IA do cae
vbng SQi k@'t voi nhau rna tf,lO
thimh vAi (hlnh 16-3).
mob 16-3. Vai det kim.
May kim thuc IOf,li may co
dQ chinh dc vA trinh dQ t\t d(lng
hoa cao. May kim co :ri'It
phlln Ian la may gia cOng sQ'i
thanh vAi co hinh dng tron
tung tam rOng vA dai. MOt s6
may cO thd- gia cOng SQi thAnh san
a) Vdi dan ngang .. b) Vdi dan dpc.
phl1m naa thAnh pha':m :
may vA ci(u vw dUQc
blnh 16-4.
184
bit Ult, gang tay, ao len sQi v.v ... CAn cU vAo du
may, cO thi! phAn mAy kim nh1.1 sd d6
'.
2. So dO dieu khie'n may det kim 5621 (Due) (hinb 16-5)
I
Alr/y till ,tIm
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Af,/y Afof
AI&
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Afuy Aloy
IrQ/7
Jd,y
irq" Du;'f Irq/,
oJ;'f pu;,.!
Hlnh 16-4. So dO pMn 1000i mAy det kim.
DQng cd truyt'ln dng chinh Dl III dOng cd mOt chit'lu dU:Qc cung cAp tu bl> chinh hiu
dit'lu thyristor (TI-T4) n6i thea eo d6 diu 1 pha dOl xung. BI) chlnh luu dUQc
cAp ngu6n qua cOngt:Actd Kl. Da'.u vllo cUa bO chlnh lUll 10. hai cu()n khang khOng khi
Lit cd tac d1,lng hl;lD t6c dO tAng dbng
th6ng truyt'ln dong dU:Qc theo k1n vlri hoi vbng dit'lu chinh ;
vbng vA vbng t6c dO, BO didu chinh dbng cd cAu true PI (tl
deb phAn) duQ'c trlln cO sl.! d$i thuG,t toaD A2 vA ml;lch phlln bei
R15, C2. CAe tin bifu vito g6m : tin hifu lip dbng III tin lip ra
cua bl) didu Chlnh t6c d c1ua dn difn trl.! RIa, tin ap phAn h6i lm dbng
phl1n ung duQ'c h1y til: kh6i do lubug dbnS difll, d.t vAo trlJ R14. ap ra
IA ap dit'lu khitin U
dk
d.t vAo bQ so B4nh't(toxung.
B dj:t'lu chlnh t6c ding c6 Cu tr1ic PI, cd Mc dy.ng nlng cao cht lUQ'ng cua M.
Tin ap c1.t t6c dO dUQe lly iran biln tra Rw 1 (l.! dQ tl,1 c1Qng) hoac
trlJ Rw2 (ch dO lAm viec t6c dO tbllp). Tin ap tuang duang vai phAn
h6i dm t6c dO. duQ'c tl;lo thanh Mi 2 ap. PhAn h6i Am ap phl1n ung dting co
qua phAn lip R8 vAo tra W. pbAn h6i duang dbng phlin !lng dl)t do
tra Rs' Cblnh djnb R8 W. chQn sao cbo biI dUQc boan toAn Sl,It ap trong
ph4n ung dOng co IuRu.
So d6 dit'lu tlj dting' dAm bIlo cho mAy cd thg lAm lJ 2 cM' dl) : vAi
vai t6c dO cao vA lAm vai t6c dO thllp trong thbi gian ban d4u cua qua trinh
va khi din chinh.
Dit'lu mliy c1ul;lc bAng 4 nut I1n lJ 4 try. cua may, dAm bAo
ngu:oi cOng nhAn cd th(!' v(ln hAnh thu.n M6i bl) nut lin g6m : Nut chl;ly ch(lm
(M12 + M42), nut chl;ly nhanh (MIl + M(1) vA nut dung mliy Dl + D4.
may vbng cd cac dl)ng BaU : Khi cua tu di"n dA ddng, di(!'m cOng
cua BKI vA 2 di(!'m cua "My vAi" (BK2, BK3) k1n. Khi tl'\1C vAi chua n.ng qua
tr9ng IUQng cho pMp, di(!'m cOng tAc hAnh trlnh BK4 kin.
3 TBD'lT ."
185
'.

Hlnh 16-5a. Sd "0 nguyl:n Ii Ih6ng dOng dien mA.y dt kim 5621.
Khi da do cae di@u li@n dQng V$.n blnb tnAy, ddng aptOmat AB, role trung
gian RTr3, RTr4 cd d6ng CA!c hAng 2, 3 chuA'n hi chn lAm
Mu6n may choor t6c dO thllp thl lln m()t trong cae nut M12 - M42, role trung gian
RTrl co dil;!n, dong cho cOngtdctd KI (hAng 2), bCt ddi dUQc n6i vAo ngu6n
; dil;!n lip chu d!;lo dUQc My lip Rai2, dl1QC chlnh tllong ung vc;i t6c
dQ dOng co thl1p. Ml1y dl;!t kim lll.m vlJi t6c dQ th.o:p.
Khi clin dl;!t vai t6c dO cao, !1:n mot trong cae nut Mll + M41, congtActa Kl cd di(!n.
Luc nAy RTrl khOng cO dii;!n, n@n di(!n tip chu d@o ll1y trlm trCl Reo! co trj. s6 lOn,
t6c d(l dOng CO sa IOn.
186 13- TOOOT -B
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Hmh 16- !lib. SI1 dO nguy!n Ii mI dia. truer.. tl,l dQng mAy det kim 5621.
Dlrng ml\y bAng nllt Dl + D4. COngt6cid Kl mAt di$n, bO bifn ddi hi cAt kh6i
dl)ng cd D1 dU';Ic hAm t\1 do.
bao dtit aqi tren, dum thi tren may co hai M thOng xenxa DTl, DT2. M6i xenxa co mOt
dMm va. m(lt dim chi thi (LED). Khi dtit sqi, do aqi. ty vt\.o It\.m ti@p kin,
den chi thi sang, nguOi cling nhAn co tM V1 tri aqi bi dllt. D6ng thm, do ti@'p kin
(M.ng 5, 7) Tale RTr2 c6 d6ng cho cOngtacta K2, cae role RTr3, RTr4 mat di(!n,
do do Kl mat di$n. Bt) bien dOi dU/;1'C cAt khOi ngu6n va. dOng Cel duQ'c hAm dOng nAng, phAn
ung dOng- 00 duQ'C nISi vao dien tro Rh bfmg ti@p K2.
187
'.
Khi h1Qng vAi dA d'll ehit1u dM, tilfp RP (M.ng 8) kin, dAn RTr2 cO
vA tllong nhll tran, dng co Dl dllQe hAm dt')ng nAng.
NCI lA euein nam chAm eua van bam dllu Mi tron.
Trong qua trlnh lam eua til eua lliy vAi ma tI"1,le qulin vAi t1,lt
xu6ng vAo cae eang ttic hAnh trlnh BKI-BK4 thl cOngtActo Kl milt di/1!n ; dl)ng
eel bi edt vA h!im t1,l do tllong t1,l nhll khi lin nut dung DI-D4.
Cac den tin hiu :
DH4 - den chi thi ngu6n
DH3 - dim chi thi du d dai vai clin dt.
DH2 - ba.o dot sQi (den ngoai).
DH 1 - hAm dOng na.ng.
Cac den (LED) : DHD, D.HT - Mo dut sQi dll0i,
Dng co D2 keo lAm mat cho dng co chinh D 1. Deing eel D3 keo lAm
mat cho b vAi.
188
Chlrung 17
TRANG B! TIl MAy IN VAl
17.1. DIEM CONG MAy IN vAl
Phan xllong in III mot trong nhung cOng dOI;lD cu6i cung cua nhA mAy
trll(Jc khi cho ra thAnh pha':m. VAi sau khi da. dllc;1C My td.ng da. mAu duQ'c
dua mAy in vAi.
COng dOf,lD in vAi duge thl,1C thea tl1c sau :
VAi dUQc trAi cAng quA 10 in, cOD cae tr1,lc in 2 mang hel in IAn quA 15 in
1 vA in mAu vaL Sd del mO tA cOng ngM in vAi dUc;lc trlnh bi\y a hlnh 17 - l.
M6i tI'1,lC in lAy hel a mAng h6 3 nM tr\lc h1y h6 4. Tuy thuc vito e6 h1Q'ng mAu in
vAi rnA e6 tI'1,lC in cO it, thubng s6 trt,lC in co III 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,
12, 16. Vi 10 in bAng thep cti'ng khOng qul1n tr1,1C v8..i 10 in dUQc,
v& in dUQc 16t bAng
rnt UJp vAi caa su 6. NgoAi
J
Hlnh 17-1. So dO cOng nghe in wi.
ta, dAm bAa chl1t h1Qng,
vAi in coo dUQc 16t bAng
mOt UJp vAi 16t 7.
CAe IlJp vlli in, vru lot
vA cao su tr11(Jc khi vAo vA
sau khi ra kh6i 10 in
di qua cAc M th6ng gia
ca.ng vA vu6t mep vAi. Lop
vAi cao su sau khi di ra khOi
10 in d11c;1C quay tro vt
tri ban dllu. Lop vru lot
d11c;1C tach ra kh6i may ngay
phia trnl1c bu6ng sa:y. L6"p
vlLi in sau khi dA in xong
d11QC di qua bu6ng sAy de
lAm khO.
gift cho l6'p vAi in
hoAn toAn nAm b gilla M
r(lng clla J(Jp vru lot cung
nh11 J(Jp vAi cao su, " may
in co b6 trf mQt th6ng
t\1' dQng chlnh mep vai.
Sau khi di ra kh6i bu6ng
s./{y thl thAnh phiIm hoan
chinh lit vAi hoa.
189
17.2. xAc O!NH PHI,I TAl ClIA
O(lNG CO OQNG CHINH MAy IN
Ph1,1 tii ella cd chinh mi\y in g6m co 4 thAnh ph'n (hil}h 17-2)
n GOng su4t PI cgn thi@'t M khAc ph .... c b,te rna slit giU:a cAe tI1}.C in vA quA 10 in :
M1,w
1
.
PI 1000' [kW]
vi
dodO
Trong do
M} - mOmen quay tr\lC in, [Nm]
wI - t6c dQ gdc cua trv.e in [radlsl
vI - t6c dO diU cua tr .... c in [mls]
F - ep cua tI1}.C in quA 10 in, [N]
III - M s6 roa slit giua tI1lc in vA quA 10 in.
r
l
- blin klnh tryc in [m].
2) COng sut P
z
khAc ph\lc II,!C rna slit giua ngOng tI1,lC in vii cd, tl'l,lC in :
Mzw
2
F .p2'v
1
P, =. 1000 = 1000 ,[kW] (17-2)
o dAy: Mz - roOmen quay ella c6 tr\lc
in, [Nm]
v
2
- t6c dO dAi cua ngong tI'\lC, [mls]
fJ.2 - M s6 rna slit giii'a ngOng tf\le vA
tI'\lc.
r
z
- bAn klnh ngOng tlVe trc in [m].
VI,
(17-1)
, [kW]
(17-3)
HDh 17-1. Ph1,l tii ella dOng 00 dQng chanh mlIy )n.
3) COng sullt P 3 khAc phvc I\!c ma slit giua ngOng trl.lc vii. tI1}.C cUa quA 10 in.
T.v
3
P, = 1000 = 1000 [kW] (17-4)
CI dAy: T - ll,!c rna slit ngOng tI'\lC quA 10 in, [N]
190
vj - t6c dl) dAi cua ngOng trl,lc 10 in, [m/s]
r3 - ban klnh ngong trl,lc, [m].
vi :
nOn
c'J dlly :
d
4
- d1.1ong klnh quA 10 in, (m]
v 4 - t6c dl) dili qua 10 in, {m/s}.
T.v
4
d,
IOOO.d,
[kW] (17-5)
4) COng sullt clin kM.c phL,lc h,tc rna sat trong bl) d1.1Qc xac dtnh hoi
sullt cua' bO va chu y v 1 = v 4 = v - t6c de:) cua ha.ng vai dl1QC
in [m/s] thi cOp.g sullt t6ng Clla dOng co dOng may in Ia :
v
p
a dAy : :It. - s6 tr\lC in.
d d'
[x.F(ul + fl2' d> + T {kw]
(17-6)
Til cOng (2-9), nh$,n thlly rAng, phl,l tAi cUa dl)ng co dl)ng may in tAng
khi tang s6 fryc 'in, l\tc (ip quA 10 in, t6c dI) cua may vA l\lc rna sat a ceS tl1,1c. Phl,l
tAi. giAm khi 1Ang dulJng kfnh cUB tI'1,lC in va quA 10 in. NgoAi ra, cOng sullt cbn phl,l
thuQc vito sl,t'M tri.fAc tl1,1C in. Khi M trl cac tr1,lc in d6i x'llng thl cOng sullt giAm.
17.3. YEU cll.u o6IN01 HeTH6NG OlEN
vi dit1u chlnh USc dQ c6a mAy "in 1l D =, (6 .... 10)/). T6c dO thllp nhllt la
(7 + 15) m/ph ; t6c dQ cao nht khOng Dh?)' 'hem 70m/ph' (nil\y mot tI'1,lC in c6 th(!
tlIi 100 m/ph). Dit1u chlnh USc dl) clin trciu.
DOng c<:l dOng may in clln cd tinh cd c6 dQ. Cllng cao, vi trong thlJi gian
lam ap l\1c quA 10 in cd thg thay d6i, din'd4u thaydlSi mOmen quay. T6c dQ
dQng ,cd khi d6 thay ddi it.
dam hAo khai dl)ng hlnh thulJng, ml\y in hoa clln mOmen khai dl)ng Ion
Mkd ;;r, 2,5M
dm

Ml\y ctln dung nhanh. N4u khOng hAm dttng nhanh cd th(! gAy ra phtim vai
giAm nAng sullt.
th6ng mAy IQi va thich hQP, dAm hao thao tac dang.
191
'.
17.4. sa DO TH6NG
TRUyi::N D()NG CHINH MAy IN HOA ELITEX
dng che rnliy in hoa Elitex ngtrbi ta sl! d\l.D.g 5 dng cd mot Dip
til mOt d6i thyristor. co Dl cO cOng sw1t 31kW truy(!n dng quay quA 10
in. T6c dO in ella mAy tuang ..mg vOl t6c d quay C1la. dOng Cd, cd tM' chlnh tu 3Om/ph
di!n 60mJph. T6c d in trong quli trinh lam duy tri khOng ddt
DQng cd D2, D3 U\m v\l keo lOp vAi 16t, cd cOng Built 2kw. Dng ceJ D4, D5
keo vAi in. Cae dOng Cd D 1 + D5 dl1Q'C d6ng vA cAt khOi ngu6n nhb cAe cOngtActa
T,L. dam bAc d6ng b t6c d cua cdc lOp vAi in, vAi 16t, vAi cae Sll t:rul:lc vA sau
quA 10 in, mAy cd b6n giA cAng trung li\m thee cimg mOt nguy@n tAe li\
khign til thOng cae dOng cd D2 + D5, sa d6 II cua M th6ng tlJ dOng d6ng
1>0 t6c d cho a blnb 17-3.

I
+
Dng Cd D quay Be
keo trl,lC I quay, tr\lc
II hOM toi\n tl,1 do.
Nu do mot nguylln
nhAn dd nil\ vAi
bj cAng (cd nghla 11\
t6c d dng co D2
IOn) thl tntC II dl1Qc
nAng vl\ tro
R giAm, tit thOng
dng co tAng Mn, t6c
d dQng co giam
xu6ng va vai triIng
hili. Nu vAi trilng
mob 17-3. He th6ng d6ng bO 16c: dO cao d(lng 00. thl ngtlQc Il;li, tr1,lC II
dUQc xu6ng trlJ R tAng, tu thOng ,dng CO giAm lAm t6c d dng co tang
B chmh luu thyristor cung c4p ngu6n cho nam dQng 00 Dl + D5 dll;1c n6i thea sO
d6 cl1u chlnh 111u khOng d6i xdng g6m ba diOt Dl, D2, D3 vl\ ba thyristor Tl, T2, T3,
cd van Do' khOng cd bin lip dl1u vl\o. Dllu vl\o bO chlnh luu 11\ aptomat t6ng AT,
tip dng hlC cua cOng tActa Dg, ba cun kMng Lk cd chdc nang hl;ln ch t6c d
d
tAng dong phlln dng
th6ng dng 11\ M th6ng kin vOl hal vong di@u chinh : ml;lch
vong chlnh dong vI\ Yang Ulc d, B chinh dong cd c4u trUc
PI (b ty I(! - dch phAn) thl,lC co sO khuch d/(li thuQ,t toan A2 vI\ IJW.ch phAn
h6i R
13
, C
2
, Hai dn lip tOi dllu vl\o b chinh dong : tin
ap chu dl;lo 11\ tin hi(lu ra cua b chlnh t6c d dl),t vl\o qua tre RIO vI\
tin hii1m phl\n h6i ti vOi dong phlln dog dng cO dUQc th1,1'C Mi. kh6i do,
dong DOL lip diu ra b do dong ti 1(! vOi dong phAn dng dQ.t vl\o
da.u vl\o b chlnh dong di(ln qua di(ln trlJ Rl1.
B chinh t6c d cd cliu trUc PI th1,1'C bhng khuC'.h thu$t tolin 'AI vA
ml;lch phan h6i R
6
, Cl' ap chu dl;lo (tin t6c d dQng co) Ilfy ttl chit ap
192
'.
Rl vAo Al qua tr Ap pha.n h6i t6c dO la:y tit mAy phAt t6c FTI qua
trd: R4 dua tlJi d.liu vlw b(I chlnh t6c dO.
Ap ra U dk cUa b diAu. ehinb dltng vAo bO xung (IITDK) rod
thyristor. CAe xung thOng qua bil!n Ap xung tlJi cae thyristor.
Dong dOng cel duq'c h,n chI! nhb h,n chI! di(ln Ap d.liu ra cua bO ehtnh t6c
dO, th\1C bdi roQt khAu g6m tranristor Tl, di6t D4; di(ln tr R7, RB, R15, RIG.
chil!t Ap R16 d(Lt mQt Ap U cd c\1c dnh nhu hlnh w. Khi di(ln Ap ca cua
bQ chlnh t6c dQ cd trj. s6 nbo heln 11ng thl tranzistor Tl khda. Khi Ap dci llIn
heln Un thl TI thOng, di9n Ap ra b chlnh t6c dl) dUQc duy trl d mue di(ln Ap
ngUong 'uog.
Ddng ngu6n xoay cho b chinh luu CLI qua .lin nut M. tAt cA cAc role
RNI (bAo qua tAi cho bQ chlnh luu CLl), RN2 (bAo cho
ehinh luu 1), RN3 ; RN4 khit1n dQng di(ln) RN5 vA RN6 (cae dOng
Cel cho bl) chlnh Iuu) khOng tAc dOng thl khi gn nut M, cOngtActcJ Dg cd cac
bQ CLI, CL3 dUQc eUng cfp Ap xoay C4 dU!;1e DQ-p vA khi di(ln ap
C4 Vl1Qt quA trl s6 dn Ap cUa OAI thl T4 thOng, rale trung gian RTrl cd di(ln ;
ddng dit1m trong mQ.ch xung, eung cp ngu6ri mOt cho
cho pbep tQ-o xung phAt xung cho cae thyristor. Di(ln Ap ra cua bO CL I se thay
dt'H tuy thul)c vAo dQ Idn cia Ap chu d$o (Ify di(ln tr RI).
,fn dJ ,fKG
...

.r<=--<'--' ,---,_rt
rt
TJ
-E
Hlnb 17-4a. Sd d6 nguyen Ii he th6ng truybJ dQng in boa EUTI:X.
193
'.
KU NTh
em -<
__________
{All ..J....rr..,.

CJf-l KTrI 1fT,..,. KT7

MJ Kk..+ KT6J
____ -L ____
......[T-f. KTrJ
-,-TTS
,

-'-TTJ
NTrJ
""""'- TN-f. '
IDnh 17-4h. sa d6 nguybi Ii he: di6J nEy In hoa EUTEX.
Khi tin nut dung D, cOngtActo Dg milt cAt ngut5n cp cho eLl. Rale RTr1 mtlt
cAt 4'0 xung vA dQng Cd dung lQ.i.
Trong quA trinh lAm nl!u mQt trong elk role RNl + RN6 t4c dQng thl
qua trlnh d\tng cling xAy ra nhtt tn;n.
11 lAm cua 80 dt5 khi{!n dQng (hlnh 17-4) dAm bAo hai ch dO
lAm dOng vA ch dO thu m4y.
194
o cJ:i. dQ lAm t\1' dQng : dong elk cOng tA.c chuyl!n CMI, CM2, CM3, CM4
sang vj' tn l.
An nut Ml, cOngtdcta KLI co Up cho KL2, dong bi cha
lAm An nut M3, role RTrI co tip thubng rna cua no dong cha
RTh, cOngtActa KL5 ; ti@'p RTh dong Ill./(lch cha cOngtActd KL4, tip thea cAc
cOngtActo Kl, 'K5, K4, K3, K2 co dong cAc dQng cd Dl, D5, D4, D3, D2 tUdng
dng, dn d6u ra cua Ix') chinh luu khitn, Mu6n tang t6c dQ, a:n nut "+" dQng Cd
xecvO quay thu$,n keo con bi@'n tra Rl di chuy@'n phia tAng U
cd
' DI! giAm t6c
dQ, a:n nut dQng cd xecvO quay can trtn;lt bin tra RI di chuyl!n thea
nguQc, Ap chu giAm, COng tAc tci T IUOn cd dAm bAo dtlu ,ra b
chinh hiu UJi ph6n dng cAc dng cd D I +' D5 cd tUdng dng v{Ji quA tnnh
-in vAL
Ch@' dQ thu mAy cd thl! thl,tc : thu thu$.n chfilY nguQC cac
dng Cd truyl1n dng cha cAc b ph$.n cua 0 ch@' d thu : cOng tAc CM4
a vi td "kMng", hic do rale RTh, cOngtActd KL4 khOng co
Khi clin tha dng cd keo vai in D4 a phia dl'iu ora bu6ng sa:y, a:n nut
TT4, Rale RTr2, cOngtActd K4 cd dng Cd D4 quay. N@'u iln TT5 thl cOngtActd
'. K5, K4 cd vii cA hal dc;,ng cd D5, D4 quay.
d60 chil1u D4, D5 trang cA hai trubng hqp : chi dc;,ng cd D4 cA hai
dng co a:n nut TN4 haQ,c TN5, Khi do rdle RTr3 cd RTr2 milt cOngtActd
T ma:t N cd Ap dQ,t tbi ph6n dng cAc drig co d:lo da:u, d6ng thbi
tuong ce:n.stAct(j K"Lhotc K4 vA K5 cd ; cAc dng co D4, D5 quay nguQC,
Tuong tl,t cd th@' thit cAc dc;,ng co keo vM ldt D2, D3 blng cAc nut an TT2, TT3 vA
TN2, TN3.
Trang qua trinh sAn cOng nhAn mu6n dung toAn may cd tM lin mt
trong cAe ndt a:n dirng' DI, + D8 dUt;'c -btl trf 'a cAc vi tn thao tAc dQC thea may", Khi
lAm " eM' d(! lAm Vttc t\t dQng, ding cd thd dung bAng cAcrnut lin D9 + DI5,
Trong BCJ dt1 cd cAe dc;,ng vA. bAa v, sau : khi mlit Ap Jdch tit. iote RTT
nbA; cOngtActd KL5, role RTr-l mGt din Mn cOngU.etd KL4 m1lt .. tlfong
dng clk cOngtA.cta KI, K5 mit cAe dn.g co DI + D5 bi cAt ngw1n,
Trang quA trlnh lAm mt trong cAc dng cd DI + D5 bi qua tAi. dAn dn mQt
trong cac rale tuong dng RNI + RN5 tAc dng thi rale RTr4 m4t di$n, quA trlnh
xAy ra tucrng t\1' nhu tran,
tra R dUQc n6i vAa dl1u ra BQ chinh lUll CLI bAng Up dil!m., dAm bAa 8\1'
xAc l$.p Ap chinh lUll khi chua cO dng Cd nAe duqc n6i vAa b ch1nh luu CLI.
195
TAl THAM KHA.O
1. Bili DInh Til1n. Ph4m Duy Nhi.
Trang hi vA tv: dOng hoa m6y clit gQt kim vA nAng - cbuygn.
DHBK - 1982.
2. ThAnh.
Trang bi thil1t bi kim vA. gia DHBK - 1975.
3. Minh Tuyl1n.
Bam - MAy nen - QUf,lt trong cOng - 1985.
4. Giao trlnh thuy illc df,li clJong va mAy bam. DHBK - 1978.
5. A.Il. HKoBJles HAP ..
9JIeKTpOCBaplUl. MocKBa. 1970.
6. B.li. CaTOBCltHA:.
CoopeMeHHye IUlphepHlie BKCIUlBQTOPhl, MOCKBQ. 1971.
7. M,B. BapHeB.
3JleKTP006opYAOB8HU9 O,ll;HOKOBWOBhlX BKCKBBRTopoB.
8. IiI.H. RanUIII HAp ...
illaxTBwe BeBTHJlHSlTopH. MocrmQ. 1972.
9. B.B .. Cepe6pesBHKOB H .o;p ...
CnpBB,O'lHHK M8lIIHBHCTR satocuwx H KOMDpeCCOPHhlX YCTRHOBOK. MOCKBR. 1986.
10. 1i.3. 3aA'IeHKO H .o;p ...
IIJIaCTHH'!aCTYe HaCOCH H ra,c;poMOTOpW. MOCHBR. 1976.
11. M.M. <l>oTueo.
3JIeKTpo060PYAoBBlIue npe.n:npHI:lTHD. MeTaJJnyprHl!. M. 1980.
12. A.B. ,!J.OHCKOA H ;c;p ...
BIIlWKO'I8CTOT1Iwe 9JIeKTpOTepMH'IClQte ycrwroBKH C JIaMIIOBJ:lMH relrepo.'l'OpaMH. M. 1974.
13. a.H. BpaTKOBa,
llCTO'IHHlUI IIHTaBHH cBapo'lBOA ,lQTI'H, M. 1982.
14. W. Schilling
Thyristortechnik. Muchen, Wien. 1968.
15. R. Coughlin, F. Droscoll.
Operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits. Englewood Cliffs. 1977.
16. Gaston Francois Kuss.
L'air industrieL Paris. 1985.
196
Ml,lC Ll,lC
Loi n6i
rHAN I
TRANG BI - Tll' cAc MAy NANG -
Chuang 1
NHONG KHAr NI8M cO BAN
1.1. Khai ni(lm chung
1.2. Phan may nAng - chuyt1n
1.3. dUrm trung cho lam CUB M dng
'. may nang - vl).n
1.4. dQng dung trong cae mAy nAng - chuyt1n
Chuang 2
TRANG 81 meN - DIeN TO CAU TRVC
Trang
3
5
6
7
8
2.1. Nhu:ng co ban 'cua M dQng va trang h! cliu tI1,1c 9
2.2. Tinh chQn cae phlln tu trong M dQng di4;!n va trang hi cliu tI1,tc 9
2.3. Mt s6 sa d6 kh6ng"chf cliu trl,lc hlnh 23
Chl101lg3
TRANG 81 DleN - DreN TO THANO MAy vA MAy NANG
3.L Khai ni4;!m chung 28
3.2. Phlin w. cAe thOng s6 kY thul)t co baD CUB thang may 29
3.3. Tfnh chQn cOng sut dOng co truyAn dOng thang mAy 30
3.4. Anh hullng cUB t6c dO, gia t6c va dO hAm bi)c nhit cua gia t6c) d6i
viii dOng thang may 32
3.5. Dung chlnh xac bu6ng thang 34
3.6. Cac M dng di4;!n dung trong thang mAy vA mAy nAng 37
3.7. dQng kh6ng thang mAy dung cAc ph4n ttl lOgic 43
Chuang 4
TRANG B\ DIeN - DIeN TO vA. TV DONG H6A MAY xDc
4.1. Khai chung vA phAn IO!;li 45
4.2. dQ cua mAy xu.c 46
4.3. CAc ca":u co bBn d6i vlli d"ng cAe co Ci1u cua may xiic 48
4.4. Tinh eh9n cling su4t dQng co dQng cae 00 ca:u cua may xu.c 50
4.5. Trang bi - ttl may xue mOt gliu thUl)n 8Kr-4 56
4.6. Trang bi - ttl may xu.e 8Kr-4,6 60
197
'.
Chllong 5
TRANG BI DISN - DISN TIl cAc THIET BI VAN TAl LIEN roc
5.1. Khlii chung vii phAn
5.2. Ct(u vii thOng s6 kI thul).t clla cac thi@"t bi v(ln tAi t1,lC
5.3. Nhung du d6i voi dQng cac thia"t bi tAi lilln t1,lC
5.4. Tfnh' chQn cOng sut(t dng co dQng hi tAi b,lc
5.5. Trang bi - tu bAng tAi
PHAN II
TRANG BI - DU::N TU LO
6.1. Khai chung vA phAn
Chllong 6
LO DISN TRO
6.2. cliu d6i voi v(l.t lit'[!u liim dAy d6t
6.3. Tinh toan dAy d6t
6.4. Sa d6 kh6ng ch@" nhit'[!t d 10 tra
6.5. So hI) k@"t ct(u Ib trCJ
Chllong 7
LO Hb QUANG
7.1. Khai chung vii phAn
7.2. Sa d6 (thi@"t bi chinh 10 HQ
7.3. du vil"i ca.c sa d6 diau chinh C1,1"c 10 HQ
7.4. MOt 56 sa d6 kh6ng ch@"djch c1,1'c 10 HQ
7.5. La HQ chAn khOng
7.6. La HQ piaBma
7.7. Thi@"t bj khully trl)n kim lOng
8.1. Khai chung vii phAn
Chllong 8
LO CAM UNG
8.2. S\f truy&t nAng h1Qng trong thi@"t bi gia bAng tAn 96
8.3. Cac phlin tu chinh trong thi@"t bj gia bAng Uln s6
8.4. MOt s6 sa d6 kh6ng ch@" thi@"t hi gi.a bAng tlin 96
PHAN III
TRANG BI - Tir MAY HAN Dll!:N
Chllong 9
KHAr NISM CHUNG
9.1. PhAn cac phudng phlip hAn dit'[!n
9.2. Cac dlu chung d6i vlfi ngu6n han h6 quang
9.3. s6 ti@"p cua ngu6n hAn
Chllong 10
cAc NGubN HAN Hb QUANG
1 0.1. Cae ngu6n hAn h6 quang xoay
10.2. Cac ngu6n hAn he! quang mOt
10.3. MAy hiin h6 quang t\f dOng
198
62
62
66
66
68
70
71
72
76
80
84
87
91
93
97
99
102
104
106
109
113
119
120
120
122
124
130
Chuang 11
HAN TIEP we
11.1. KhBi ni/1:m chung
11.2. H/1: th6ng khi(!'n may hAn til1p :a:dc
PHAN IV
TRANG BI - Tit cAe MAY NEN, BOM, QU,,"T
12.1. Khai ni/1:m chung
12.2. ca:u trang bi di/1:n cho ham
12.3. So' dd kh6ng ham
ChIlU1'Jg 12
MAy BOM
Onlong 13
QUAT
134
135
137
144
145
13.1. Khai ni/1:m chung 148
13.2. Ytlu c'u vl1 trang hi cho 151
13.3. So' dd kh6ng qUl;lt 153
'. Chuong 14
MAy
14.L chung 160
14.2. cliu vl1 trang hi cho may nen
14.3. Tl,1 d/)ng kMng chl1 may
PHAN V
TRANG B! - Tit MAY SQI,
Chuong 15
TRANG Bl DISN - DISN TIl NHOM MAY KED SOl
15.L Trang hi - ttl may sQi tho
15.2. Trang bi di/1:n - tu may sc;1i len
Chuong 16
TRANG BI DISN - DISN 11'1 NHOM MAy DST
lS.1. Trang hi - ttl may mAc sQi
lS.2. So' d6 khi(!'n may kim
Chucmg 17
TRANG Bl DlSN - DleN TV MAy IN VAl
17.1. Dil\c dil1'tn cOng nghl) mAy in vlli
17.2. Xac dinh ph\! tAi cua d"ng co' d"ng chlnh may in
17.3. ca:u d6i v6:i tMng truy@n d/)ng dil)n
11.4. So' d6 dil1u h/1: th6ng truyl1n dQngchinh may in hoa Elitex
Too lil)u tham khao
165
166
170
173
177
184
189
190
191
192
196
199
200
Chtu trach nhim :cudt ban: ,
Chrl HDQT T6ng Giam doc NGO TRAN AI
Ph6 T6ng Giam dOc T6ng bien NGUYf:N QuY THAD
Bien Jan dau :
LAI
Bien ttli ban :
TRAN VAN THANG - TRONG TlgN
Trinh bay bia:
DoANHONG
S!Ia ban in :
PHONG SLrA BAI (NXB GIAO DVC)
CMMn:
PHONG BAN (NXB GIAO DVC)
TRANG Dlji:N - Dlji:N TIl MAy CONG NGHlji:P DUNG CHUNG
MA 56: 7B 154T6CND
In 2.000 ban, kh6 19x27cm; in tl;li C6ng ty C6 philn In TT-Hue,
57 Ba - Hue. S6 in: 1239; s6 dang ky KHXB: 05-2006/CXBI
4-1880/GD. In xong va nop htu chieu thang 02 nam 2006.
TiM DQC SACH THAM KHAo Ki THt: . .I. T
CVA 'iHA XUAr BAN CIAo DI)C
1. Ki do iWng cae d:):i Imyng Ii - vii bai Ph;un Thmrng Han
Ngnyen H6ng Thlii
Vii Van Tam
2. Roo Ie so If thuyet va ling dl;IDg
1 May trong thiet b, t" diing
4. Cbog che may va may bieD ap
5. sUa chua may va may bieD ap
6. Ki thu,t diln
7. Ki thu,t di!n 2
8. Ki 3
9. di!n nong nghi!p
10. Trang bi diln - di!n iii (Mliy cong ngbijp dilng chung)
11. Trang bi di!n -di!n iii (May gia tIlng kim lo,il
12. Trang bi diln t" cOng nghi!p
13. CO' sa t" d(ing hOa m(it
Nguyen Phlic Hii
Ngnyen H6ng Thanh
Ngnyen!hi< Sy
Nguyen OUt Sy
D!ing Van Dao
Le
Minh Sa
Hoang Kim RBi
Nguyen Vln Slic
Ngnyen Ng\JC Kinh
Vd Quang BM
Ngnyen Vin Chilt
Ngny!n '!hi Li!n Anh
NgnY'n M!Oh Tiln
V,Quang H6i
V,QuangBM
Ngnyen Vin Hila
Ban co tM tim mUG cac Cfmg ti Such - Thiit bi tnnmg h9C a ale dja phurmg hoae cac
Cua hang eua NhiJ Iudl ban Giao
rai Hil 1'i{}l: 81 Trio Hung 57 Ghing Yo, 232 Son, 23 Trang 25 Him Thuyen
Da Nang: 15 Chi Thanh
rai Thanh phd Ha Chi Minh: 231 Van 01, 240 rrin Bloh
I I
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