Trn Duy Bnh - 09103014

VT LIU LM DNG C CT GT

1. Yu cu ca vt liu lm dng c ct gt

cng cao Tnh cng nng Tnh chng mi mn Tnh cng ngh Tnh kinh t

2. Cc loi vt liu cht to dng c ct Thp ccbon dng c Thp hp kim dng c Thp gi Hp kim cng Vt liu s Kim cng Cc vt liu khc A) THP CCBON DNG C Thnh phn ha hc: Ccbon: 0,7 1,5% Hp kim: Mn, Si, P, Cr, Ni v khng qu 0,1-0,3%. Tnh cht : cng (sau ti) : 60 62 HRC. bn nhit : 200 250 C. Tc ct : 4 5 m/ph Mc thp: CD70, CD80, CD90, CD80Mn, CD100, CD70A, CD80A, CD80MnA u im : R, d kim khng phi dng cc nguyn t hp kim t tin. C c tnh tng hp nht nh ph hp vi cc iu kin thng dng.

C tnh cng ngh tt: d c, cn, rn, ko si, hn, gia cng ct (so vi thp hp kim). Nhc im : thm ti thp nn hiu qu ha bn bng nhit luyn ti + ram khng cao, do nh hng xu n bn, c bit i vi tit din ln. Tnh chu nhit cao km: khi nung nng bn cao ca trng thi ti gim i nhanh chng do mactenxit b phn ha trn 200oC, trn 570oC b xy ha mnh. Khng c cc tnh cht vt l ha hc c bit nh: cng nng, chng n mn. ng dng: Lm cc dng c ct c nng sut thp v hnh dng n gin nh da, taro, khoan, ca

B) THP HP KIM DNG C Thnh phn ha hc:

Thp ccbon dng c c hm lng hp kim thp t : 0,5 5% Trong : - Cr, W, Mn (1%):tng thm ti. - Si (1%) : lm tng tnh cng nng. - V, W : lm tng cng v chng mi mn. Tnh cht : cng trng thi ti: n 62HRC. Nhit lm vic: T 350 4000C. Tc ct: T 5 6m/ph. Mc thp: 70CrV, 110Cr, 80CrV. - 130Cr05: Lm dao co nhn kim loi. - 100Cr2: Lm dao tin nng sut thp, c, dao ct. - 90CrSi: Mi khoan,bn ren, dao phay. - 140CrW5: Lm dao ct, Nhc im: do, dai thp hn . Tnh cng ngh km hn thp cacbon (tr tnh thm ti). u im : bn cao hn hn so vi thp cacbon . Tnh chu nhit cao . Khng g, chng n mn trong axit, bad, mui. t bin dng khi nhit luyn. ng dng: Thp hp kim c dng rng ri ch to dng c ct v cc trang b cng ngh ( g v dng c ph).

C) THP GI Thnh phn ha hc: Thp hp kim dng c cao. Vonfram cao: (5 20%): Tng chu nhit, mi mn. Vanadi, Coban: Chu nhit, bn cao. Ngoi ra cn c: Mo, Cr :Tng thm ti. Tnh cht cng :60 70 HRC. bn nhit : 400 600 C. Tc ct : 25 35 m/ph. Tnh chu nng cao. Mc thp: cha c tiu chun TCVN TC Nga (OCT): P9, P18, P9K10, TC Nht (JIS) : SKH2, SKH3, TC c (DIN) : S12-1-4-5, S10-4-3-10, TC M (AISI) : M1, M2, M3, T1, T2, u im : Ct vi tc cao khi gia cng cc loi thp c bn v cng cao (B = 100kG/mm2 v HB 200 250). Nhc im : Rt nhy cm vi nhit (b nung nng rt nhanh). ng dng: Li ca thp gi, dao doa thp gi, dao tin thp gi, dao phay thp gi,.

D) HP KIM CNG Thnh phn ha hc: Ccbt Vnfram(WC), Titan(TiC), Tantan(TaC) trn 90%(dng ht mn) Cban Ngoi ra c th c:VC, Cr3C2, ZrC, HfC, Tnh cht cng 70RHC. HKC c th lm vic 8001000 C. Vn tc ct ln n 400m/pht. HKC c ch to thnh mnh co kch thc nht nh tit kim, sau gn ln thn dao bng phng php hn hoc ghp c kh. Tnh gin tng i cao, d gy, v, m di ti trng va p. Phn loi: Nhm 1 Ccbit: - T chc: WC + Co

- K hiu: BK. V d: BK8 - Tnh cht: do, chu va p tt, chu nhit thp. - Cc mc v s dng: (Theo tiu chun TCVN) + WCCo2, WCCo3, WCCo4, WCCo6, WCCo8: Gia cng gang, gm s, hp kim mu. + WCCo10, WCCo15 : Khun ko si, mi khoan. + WCCo20, WCCo25: Khun dp, dao c tnh chng mi mn. Nhm 2 Ccbit: - T chc: WC + TiC + Co - K hiu: TK. V d: T15K6 - Tnh cht: cng v tnh chu nhit tt hn, nhit cao h s ma st gim - S dng: Thng gia cng tinh thp - Cc mc: (Theo TCVN): WCTiC30Co4, WCTiC15Co6, WCTiC14Co8, WCTiC5Co10, WCTiC5Co12 Nhm 3 Ccbit: - T chc: WC + TiC + TaC + Co - K hiu: TTK. V d: TT7K12 - S dng: Gia cng vt liu cng, gia cng th thi c, cn rn - Mc (TCVN):WCTiC4TaC3Co12, WCTiC3TaC7Co8, WCTiC8TaC12Co9 ng dng: Thng ch to thnh cc mnh kch thc nht nh, ghp ln thn dao bng hn, ghp c kh (d thay khi b mn).

S dng thm v trng ph: + Cacbit Titan: Chng mi mn cao. + Oxit Nhm: Tng dai va p, n nh ha hc nhit cao. + Nitrade Titan: Gim ma st. E) VT LIU S Thnh phn ha hc: Ch yu l Al2O3 (Dng t st k thut). Tnh cht: cng: 92 93HRC. chu nhit : T 1100 12000C. Tc ct: 600m/ph. u im : Ct tc cao. Nng sut cao, v thi gian my t do ct c tc cao khi tui bn c nh nh nhau. Sai lch kch thc nh (do mn t). Cht lng b mt cao. Gi thnh r. Nhc im : Tnh dn nhit km nn khng dng dung dch trng ngui. Nu ti dung dch trn ngui s gy ra nt cc mnh snh s. Tnh do km do sc bn un thp v vy vt liu s khng chu c rung ng, va p cng nh lc ct ln. Mi sc mnh snh s rt kh v ch c th mi bng mi kim cng. ng dng: V chu rung ng v va p km nn vt liu s c dng ch yu gia cng tinh, lng dao chy v chiu su ct tng i b. V dn nhit km d nt v bin dng nhit nn ni chung khi gia cng bng vt liu s khng s dng dung dch trn ngui. i vi nitrit silic (Si3N4), sc bn v dn nhit tt hn khong

4 ln so vi loi oxit nhm nn c th gia cng c dung dch trn ngui. Nh c tnh chng mi mn tt nn vt liu s c dng khi gia cng cn chnh xc, kch thc v cht lng b mt cao ( nhp nh nh). F) KIM CNG Thnh phn: Kim cng l mt trong nhng dng th hnh ca cacbon. C 2 loi kim cng l kim cng nhn to v kim cng t nhin. Kim cng nhn to c tng hp t Graphit trong iu kin p sut v nhit c bit. Tnh cht : cng : Vicker ln hn 50000 N/mm2 (tc ln hn 50GPa). chu nhit : 800 1000 C. Tc ct : 1800-2000 m/ph. Tui th : gp 60 ln hp kim cng v 240 ln thp gi, gin ch t trung bnh kh n tt. u im : cng cao hn hp kim cng 5 6 ln mi mn cao,khng cha st hoc phi kim loi. Tui bn dng c kim cng trong cng mt iu kin cao hn 40% so vi hp kim cng. Nhc im : D b v hn so vi mt s vt liu khc . ng dng: Lm dao tin gia cng hp kim cng, hp kim mu khng cha st, v vt liu phi kim loi tc ct cao. To mi, mi dng c v gia cng cc vt liu kh gia cng.

G) VT LIU KHC Nitrit Bo lp phng(el-bo): C cng cao nh kim cng, cch in cao, chu c nhit rt cao ti 20000C.Ch yu dng lm ht mi trong cc dng c mi. Cacbit Bo ( 70-90% B4C): C nhit nng chy v cng rt cao, dng ch to cc dng ct v ht mi Oxit nhm in(Crun in) - Oxit nhm in thng: C 92 95% l Al2O3 Dng lm ht mi mi th, mi bn tinh v tinh cc vt liu bn cao nh thp, gang dov mi sc dng c ct - Oxit nhm in trng: C 97 98% l Al2O3 dng lm ht mi mi nh hnh v mi lng. Ccbit Silic(SiC): - Ccbit Silic en: C 97 98% l SiC,dng lm ht mi mi gang trng, gang xm, ng thanh, ng thau, nhm, phi kim loi. - Ccbit Silic xanh: C 98 99% Bt nhm oxit

SiC.Dng mi vt liu dai, d nt nh HKC, mi sc dng c ct hp kim cng v s. - Ccbit Bo Silic: Khng c tp cht graphic nn c tnh nng n nh.Dng nguyn cng nh bng. Ccbt bo silic

Cc loi vt liu nhn to hin nay c s dng rt ph bin v tnh u vit v gi thnh ph hp. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut ni chung, ngnh vt liu hc ni ring,cc vt liu c ngy cng c nghin cu v pht trin, cc vt liu mi c ch to ra.Chng c ngha rt quan trng ca s pht trin trong ngnh c kh ch to.

Bng lit k chi tit: Vt liu cng (sau ti) bn nhit 200 2500 C 350 4000 C 400 6000 C Vn tc ct (m/ph) 4-5 6-8 25-35 200 - 300 100 - 200 300 - 500 300 K hiu CD70, CD70A 70CrV, 110CrV, P9, M1, S12, Kim cng Nitrit bo lp phng Ghi ch

Thp 60 62 HRC ccbon Thp < 62 HRC hp kim Thp gi 60 70 HRC HKC S Khc

70 HRC 800 10000 C 92 93 HRC 110 12000 C 800 10000 C 20000 C