Phng php 6 Sigma

ng ngy: 15:43 01-08-2008 Th mc: K thut mn

6 Sigma
HI: Xin cho bit mt s thng tin v phng php 6 Sigma, p dng thnh cng 6 sigma cn phi c nhng yu t g? 6 Sigma l mt phng php c tin hnh mt cch cht ch, khoa hc, tp trung vo vic thc hin c hiu qu cc k thut v cc nguyn tc qun l cht lng c tha nhn. Bng vic kt hp cc yu t trong nhiu lnh vc cng vic khc nhau, 6 Sigma tp trung vo vic lm th no thc hin cng vic m khng c li hay khuyt tt. Hin nay, bn cnh TQM v ISO 9000, 6 Sigma ang c nhiu cng ty quan tm v p dng do cc u vit ca n c rt kinh nghim t thc tin p dng ti cc tp on ln nh Motorola, Allied Signal hay GE (General Electric)... i vi Motorola, ni u tin xut 6 Sigma, th cu tr li tht n gin: tn ti. K t gia thp k 80, khi Motorola xem xt mt cch nghim tc vn cht lng, tp on ny c nhng bc tin nhy vt chng hn gii thng cht lng Malcom Baldrige nm 1988 v b quyt thnh cng l cuc cch mng v cht lng vi 6 Sigma. S l thiu chnh xc nu ngh rng 6 Sigma c ngha l cp n cht lng theo khi nim truyn thng - l s tho mn cc yu cu. 6 Sigma thc cht l gip doanh nghip tng li nhun. lin kt mc ch ca 6 Sigma vi khi nim cht lng, chng ta cn c mt nh ngha mi v cht lng, l s kt hp ca hai thnh phn: Cht lng tim nng v cht lng thc t. Cht lng tim nng l hm lng gi tr gia tng ti a c th t c trn mt n v u vo. Cht lng thc t l phn gi tr gia tng thc t t c. Hiu s ca hai gi tr trn chnh l Lng Ph. 6 Sigma tp trung vo vic ci tin cht lng (c ngha l gim lng ph) bng cch gip t chc to ra cc sn phm/dch v tt hn, nhanh hn v r hn. Theo cch tip cn truyn thng, 6 Sigma tp trung phng nga khuyt tt, rt ngn thi gian sn xut v ct gim chi ph. Nhng khng ging nh nhng s ct gim chi ph thng thng c th gy ra suy gim cht lng hoc gi tr sn phm, 6 Sigma xc nh v loi b cc chi ph m khng mang li gi tr gia tng cho khch hng, chnh l nhng lng ph. i vi nhng cng ty cha t ti 6 Sigma, chi ph thng thng kh cao. Chng hn, vi cng ty ang hot ng mc 3 hoc 4 Sigma thng phi chi ph khong 25 ti 40% tng doanh thu gii quyt cc vn v cht lng. Chi ph thng c gi l chi ph cho cht lng, hay chnh xc hn l chi ph cho vic km cht lng. Cc cng ty ang hot ng 6 Sigma thng chi ph di 5% doanh thu gii quyt cc vn cht lng. 6 Sigma l mt phng php c tin hnh mt cch cht ch, khoa hc, tp trung vo vic thc hin c hiu qu cc k thut v cc nguyn tc qun l cht lng c tha nhn. Bng vic kt hp cc yu t trong nhiu lnh vc cng vic khc nhau, 6 Sigma tp trung vo vic lm th no thc hin cng vic m khng c li hay khuyt tt. Ch Sigma (d) theo k t Hy lp c dng trong k thut xc sut -thng k nh gi s sai lch ca cc qu trnh. Hiu qu hot ng ca mt cng ty cng c o bng mc Sigma m cng ty t c i vi cc qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca h. Cc cng ty truyn thng thng t 3 hoc 4 Sigma l mc Sigma chun cho cng ty, mc d mc , xc sut li c th xy ra l t 6200 ti 67000 trn mt triu c hi. Nu t ti mc 6 Sigma, con s ny ch cn l 3,4 li trn mt triu c hi. iu ny cho php p ng c s mong i ngy

cng tng ca khch hng cng nh s phc tp ca cc sn phm v quy trnh cng ngh mi ngy nay. Nu cc bn ang tm kim mt cng ngh mi, th 6 Sigma khng hn l mt k thut thng k hay mt cng ngh cao gy chn ng nh mt s cc cng ngh mi xut hin gn y. 6 Sigma da trn chnh nhng k thut c th nghim v c khng nh gi tr t hng chc nm nay. V thc cht, 6 Sigma loi b kh nhiu cc yu t phc tp, kh hin thc ca TQM (Qun l cht lng ton din), m theo thng k s b ca cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc ny th c ti hn 400 cc cng c v k thut khc nhau. 6 Sigma ch la chn cc cng c hu dng nht v c kim chng v o to cho mt s nh cn b k thut ch cht. Nhng ngi ny s c gi l ai en 6 Sigma v c chc nng lm u mi ch o vic trin khai thc hin tm v m. V vy, cc k thut do nhm ai en ny s dng thng l cc ng dng cng ngh cao, chng hn nh l cc chng trnh ng dng my tnh tin tin nht. Cn cc cng c c s dng ph bin nhm ci tin hiu qu hot ng c gi tt l DMAIC (vit tt ca cc t ting Anh: Define-xc nh; Measure - o lng; Analyze- phn tch; Improveci tin; Control- kim sot). Cc cng c ch yu khi trin khai Six Sigma + Cc nh qun l Morotola s dng mt cch h thng cc cng c truyn thng sau y gii quyt cc vn ca mnh. STT 1 Cng c Kim sot qu trnh bng k thut thng k (SPC) v biu kim sot Phn tch sai phn( s bin ng) ANOVA ( Analyis of Variation) Phn tch hi qui (Regression and Correlation analyis) Thit k thng qua th nghim DOE (Design of Experiments) FMEA (Failure Modes and Effect Analysis) Trin khai cc chc nng cht lng QFD (Quality Function Deployment) Mc ch ca ng dng Pht hin vn , pht hin nhng im yeu trong khu sn xut kinh doanh Xc nh vn v cc nguyn nhn gc r Phn tch cc nguyn nhn gc r v d on cc kt qu Phn tch cc gii php ti u v nh gi gi tr s dng ca kt qu ci tin u tin ho cc vn v lp bin php phng nga Thit k qu trnh, sn phm v dch v

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+ Nhng bi hc rt ra t vic nghin cu p dng Six Sigma Thng qua kinh nhim p dng Six Sigma ca Morotola, GE chng ta c th nhn thy mt s vn sau: Trin khai Six Sigma l vic p dng mt cch tng hp v h thng s phi hp gia cc k thut ci tin vi t chc o to nhn lc nhm t c s tho mn khch hng vi tiu chun l 3.4 DPMO Bn cht ca p dng Six Sigma l vic loi tr cc s lng ph sinh ra do sn phm khng t yu cu, qua l gim gi thnh sn phm, tng li nhun cho doanh nghip.

 Ct li ca Six Sigma l vic s dng cc k thut thng k. Tuy nhin trong vic trin khai Six Sigma khng phi pht minh ra nhng k thut g mi m ch tn dng cc phng php v cng c truyn thng kim sot v ci tin qu trnh sn xut. Six Sigma i hi vic o to mt cch c h thng cc ngi lao ng trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut bao gm o to v k thut v t chc qun l ngi lao ng c y k nng lm ch cng vic ca mnh. Six Sigma i hi cch lm vic tp th theo tng nhm, t ci tin nh m hnh QCC v phi c s quan tm ca lnh o m bo i n kt qu cui cng. Bn cnh nhng im c bn nh vy chng ta cn thy rng vi cch tip cn mi nh trn, Six Sigma khng ch p dng cho cc nh sn xut m cn p dng cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Vi vic nng cao cht lng sn phm qua vic kim sot v ci tin qu trnh Six Sigma gip ta gim c chi ph sn xut, tit kim c nguyn vt liu ti nguyn. iu c ngha l Six Sigma mang li li cho tt c cc i tc c lin quan bao gm nh sn xut, khch hng, nh u t... Ta hy lm mt php so snh gia nng lc ca mt hot ng (doanh nghip) in hnh vi nng lc l 3.8 Sigma vi vic t c nng lc l 6 Sigma. 3.8 Sigma 5000 ca phu thut tht bi hng tun 2 chuyn bay gp s c mi ngy 200. 000 n thuc b k sai mi nm Mi thng c 7 gi b mt in 6 Sigma 1.7 ca phu thut tht bi hng tun Trong 5 nm mi c 1 chuyn bay gp s c 68 n thuc k sai mi nam 34 nm mi c 1 gi b mt in

HI: Cng ty chng ti t ti khu CN Vietnam Singapore . Xin vui lng t vn cho chng ti nhng t chc Vit nam c kinh nghim hun luyn v t vn v 6 sigma (Green belt, Black belt...). Xin cm n. 6 sigma l phng php tip cn mi v qun l. y l vn mi Vit Nam , hin nay Trung tm Nng sut Vit Nam bn c th lin h vi ch V Th Tm - Ph trch vn phng VPC ti Tp H Ch Minh. Ch c th ging dy v t vn v vn ny. Bn c th lin h theo s my 0913926129 Hi: Ti c th tham kho cc ti liu ting Vit v 6 Sigma u? S tng thch gia 6 Sigma v tiu chun ISO 9001 l g?. Rt mong c gii p. Chng trnh 6 Sigma c xy dng da trn 6 bc bn l qu trnh DMAIC: Xc nh (Define), o lng (Measure), Phn tch (Analyze), Ci tin (Improve) v Kim sot (Control). Giai on Xc nh xoay quanh nhng i hi ca khch hng v cc ch s o lng tho mn - tt c nhng yu t ny c th c c thng qua h thng qun l ISO 9001. Mc d qu trnh c xem xt thng bt u t khu sn xut, cc d n 6 Sigma c th bao gm c vic qun l ti nguyn, trch nhim qun l, hoc chnh l cc qu trnh o lng, phn tch v ci tin.Kt qu ca mt d n 6 Sigma l mt qu trnh c xem xt li nhm c c s m bo v c trin khai - theo thut ng ca 6 Sigma l c kim sot - thng qua HTQLCL vi nhng quy trnh c vn bn ho, cc quy trnh v giao tip v h thng nh gi ni b. Do , HTQL theo ISO 9001 cho php t chc duy tr c li nhun. Thng thng, yu t quan trng nht l h thng nh gi ni b (ISO 9001:2000, yu cu 8.2.2) v n m bo s khng c s tht li t quy trnh mi tr li quy trnh c trc y. tham kho ti liu v 6 Sigma, xin lin h vi Trung tm Nng sut Vit Nam- Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng, 8 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H ni.

6-sigma - Cng c nng cao tnh cnh tranh cho doanh nghip sau hi nhp Ngi gi: tamminhtruonghuy -- 21/12/2006

Cam kt ca Lnh o cp cao

Vic trin khai 6-Sigma th hin mt cam kt di hn v s thnh cng ca cc d n 6-Sigma ty thuc c bn vo mc cam kt bi ban qun l cp cao. S thnh cng ca General Electric i vi 6Sigma phn ln do vai tr ng gp ca ng Jack Welch (cu Ch Tch Tp on) trong vic khng ngng ng h 6-Sigma v kt hp chng trnh ny vo trng tm chin lc ca cng ty.

Nhng cu hi u tin trc khi quyt nh eo ui 6-Sigma Cp lnh o ca cng ty hiu v hon ton ng h vic trin khai 6-Sigma? Cng ty c ci m v sn sng thay i? Cng ty c khao kht hc hi? Cng ty c sn sng cam kt ngun lc, gm con ngi v tin bc, trin khai chng trnh 6Sigma?

Chn la v o to ng ngi iu cn thit l thu ht c nhng ngi gii nht tham gia vo xng 6-Sigma ca cng ty v khuyn khch h bng th lao, phn thng, s cng nhn v thng tin gn lin vi kt qu thc hin.

Cc chng trnh o to nn tp trung vo cc k nng thng k, phn tch, gii quyt vn v lnh o gip g b nhng ro cn v to ra nhng xung lng tch cc ban u. Hn na, vic khin cho nhn vin hng khi v phn khch v 6-Sigma nn c thc hin qua hun luyn v truyn t thng tin. Mi ngi trong cng ty nn hiu 6-Sigma s mang li li ch cho h v cng ty nh th no.

Chn lc cc d n 6-Sigma Trc tin, cc d n 6-Sigma tp trung vo nhng vn then cht mang tnh lin kt chin lc; c nh hng r rt n mc hi lng ca khch hng; v thit yu i vi kt qu kinh doanh di hnh thc mang li hiu qu ti chnh nhanh chng v to ln (thu nhp cao, chi ph thp hn, v.v). Vic chn la cc d n 6-Sigma giai on u l rt quan trng v do n ng mt vai tr then cht cho s thnh cng ca cc d n 6-Sigma T chc cn xem xt mt cch k lng cc tc ng c th nh hng n s thnh cng ca d n cng nh vic xem xt cc kh nng c th gii quyt c vn m khng cn ti vic thc hin d n 6-Sigma

Qun l cc d n 6-Sigma Trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n, iu quan trng l: dn dt n lc tp trung trong ngi u cho d n (Champion) chu trch nhim tin hnh nh gi nh k tin d n, s dng quyn hn ca mnh gii quyt cc khc mc lin chc nng cng nh phn b ngun lc cho nhng ni cn thit kim tra nh hng ti chnh tht s t d n (vui lng tham kho mc 5.2.6)

lin tc thng tin tin trnh ca d n n cp lnh o iu hnh v nhng thnh vin c lin quan n d n trin khai cc k hoch kim sot hiu qu i km vi cc ti liu lin quan nh S Quy Trnh (Process Maps), Ma Trn Nhn Qu (C&E Matrix), Phn Tch Trng Thi Sai St v Tc ng (FMEA), Tm Lc K Hoch Kim Sot (Control Plan Summary) v cc thay i th tc c duyt m bo rng cc ci tin c duy tr nh k ti xem xt hiu qu ca d n sau khi hon tt vai tr, trch nhim ca cc phng ban v c nhn lin quan n d n nn c xc nh r rng; tin hnh hun luyn 6-Sigma thng xuyn thc y chng trnh xuyn sut trong cng ty.

S tham gia ca b phn Ti Chnh B phn ti chnh cn tham gia ngay t lc bt u mi d n m bo rng nhng tit kim v chi ph c ghi nhn y i vi tng d n 6-Sigma v tht s th hin trong kt qu bo co ti chnh

ca cng ty. Mc so snh ca d n (baseline) v nhng ci tin c cng b phi c cn thn kim chng bi b phn ti chnh. Cc ci tin s c chuyn thnh gi tr tit kim bng tin khi co th v b khu tr nu pht sinh chi ph t d n.

Chi ph cho cc d n 6-Sigma Mc d cc d n 6-Sigma c th mang li nhiu li ch v gip cng ty tit kim tin bc v lu di, c mt s chi ph ban u c lin quan n cc d n 6-Sigma cn c quan tm. in hnh bao gm cc khon sau y: Lng trc tip Tin lng cho cc nhn vin lm vic ton thi gian trong d n 6-Sigma

Lng gin tip Chi ph thi gian t nhng vin chc iu hnh cp cao, cc thnh vin ca nhm d n, nhng ngi qun l cc quy trnh v nhng ngi lin quan trong vic trin khai cc d n 6Sigma o to v t vn Chi ph hun luyn cc ng vin v cc k nng 6-Sigma

Chi ph thc hin ci tin Chi ph ci tin cc quy trnh sn xut loi tr cc ngun gy dao ng c xc nh bi cc d n 6-Sigma. Khon ny c th bao gm nhng thit b, phn mm mi, chi ph nhn s cho nhng v tr mi hnh thnh.v.v Phn mm (Software) Mt s chng trnh phn mm vi tnh nh Minitab Inc.s (phn mm Minitab thng k) hay Microsofts Visio, dng xy dng cc lu quy trnh, cng c th c cn n. i khi mt s cng c phn mm tin tin hn bao gm Popkins System Architect, Proformas Provision hay Corels iGrafx Process 2003 for 6-Sigma

Vai tr ca con ngi Ph trch iu hnh (Executive Champion). Nhng ngi lnh o cao nht cn phi dnh thi gian hc v 6-Sigma v ng h n tuyt i. Mt nh lnh o s ch nh mt ngi iu hnh ca mnh trng nom v h tr ton b nhim v ny. T , ngi iu hnh chn ra ngi ph trch trin khai (Deployment Champion) hoc ngi ph trch d n (Project Champion). Ngi ph trch trin khai s phi cam kt thc hin 6-Sigma trong ton b t chc ca h. Ngi ph trch d n s gim st hot ng ca cc Blackbelt v cc d n ca h. Master Blackbelt Khi mt cng ty ln u tin p dng 6-Sigma, h lm vic vi ngi ph trch, chn ra cc d n cn lm v nhng ngi s thc hin. Sau hun luyn v hng dn nhng ngi ny thnh cng. Nhng ngi quan trng nht c chn s l BlackBelt. Black Belt L nhng ngi thc s lm cng vic , h l cha kho, l lnh o ch thc ca 6-Sigma Green Belt C nhim v h tr BlackBelt d n c th hon thnh. H cng c o to v 6-Sigma. D mi ngi ni cng mt ngn ng v lm vic cho cng mt mc tiu.

Cam kt ca lnh o qun l- cha kho n thnh cng 6 Sigma bt u t trn xung v b phn qun l cao nht s phi cam kt cung cp mi ngun lc. 6 Sigma s khng th thnh cng nu khng c s h tr t pha b phn qun l cao nht

S tham gia ca tt c nhn vin 6 Sigma yu cu s thay i trong vn ho, n thay i cch thc lm vic ca chng ta. Tt c mi thnh vin cong ty u phi tham gia v chng ti cam kt s lm h thay i. S ch ng tham gia ca tt c nhn vin mi cp s m bo thnh cng ca n

Bt u t nhng ci nh. Chng ta nn tp trung vo nhng d n nh l c th t c thnh cng nhanh chng. Nu mt d n c v s, hy chia n thnh nhng d n nh hn c th m bo s dng cc ngun lc hiu qu.

o to lin tc Mi nhn vin u phi c lin tc cp nhp cc k thut gii quyt vn mt cch lin tc. Phi to c hi o to nh nhau cho tt c thnh vin trong cng ty.

a ra quyt nh da trn thc t 6 Sigma bn v lm vic vi d liu. Tt c cc quyt nh cnphi da trn nn tng d liu ng tin cy.

Gii quyt vn mt cch sng to 6 Sigma cung cp nhng k nng gii quyt vn rt tt. Hy s dng nhng k thut ny ng cch v hiu qu!

K nng lm vic nhm tuyt vi Mi d n 6 Sigma u to ra mt nhm tt. Hy tn dng tinh thn lm vic nhm t c thnh cng chung!Every 6 Sigma project creates a good team. Utilize teamwork spirit for a common success!

Ngun: The Power of 6 Sigma: Subir Chowdhury; Bn dch ting Vit ca Ng Tuyn: Sc mnh ca 6Sigma. VTRACT News letter vol 1 Mekong Capital http://www.qualitydigest.com tm hiu thm thng tin v 6-Sigma hoc c bn dch y cun Sc mnh ca 6Sigma vui lng lin h: Cng ty TNHH T vn v o to u C 10 Ph c Chnh, Ba nh, H Ni Email: ask6sigma@act.edu.vn Website: http://www.act.edu.vn

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